Internet of Things 시대의 SCM 테크놀리지

May 14, 2010

Internet of Things 시대의 SCM 테크놀리지

Daeyoung Kim

Director

Global USN National Research Lab. / Auto-ID Lab Korea

Associate Professor

Computer Science Department, KAIST

http://resl.kaist.ac.kr http://www.autoid.or.kr

Contents

GS1 EPCglobal /Auto-ID Labs & EPC networkIIII

What is the Internet of Things?II

2

IIIIII

IVIV

SNAIL to connect Things

VV SCM adopting the Internet of Things

EPC Sensor Network

What is the Internet of Things?What is the Internet of Things?

Internet that we are facing now

• The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer

networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite(TCP/IP) to

serve billions of users worldwide. (From Wikipedia)

Computer

4

Computer

Standard Internet Protocol

Suite (TCP/IP)

Internet

Internet of Things that we will

face in the future

� The Definition of “Internet of Things (IoT)”

� Internet of Things

� A dynamic global infrastructure that interconnects trillions of everyday objects together to give things intelligence via communication and computing capabilities.

� The meaning of Things*� The meaning of Things*

� Philosophical definition‘Things’ include material things, virtual things and events connected to ‘things’.

� ‘Things’ in ‘Internet of Things’:Physical or virtual entity that

� exists

� moves in space and time

� can be identified

5

* Cited from CERP-IoT Research Roadmap, EC, 2009

• Internet of Things

– The Internet of Things will change everyday objects that are

precisely unidentifiable into identifiable, recognized, interconnected

intelligent objects based on standard communication protocols and

architecture*

Internet of Things that we will

face in the future

* Internet of Things in 2020: Roadmap for the future (DG INFSO and EPoSS)

Internet of

Things

Internet of

Things

Computing and Communication

Physical World

Intelligent Everyday Object

Internet

6

IoT Application Domains

� Automotive/Airport Aviation� Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications

� RFID tags based passenger, luggage, or cargo tracking

RFID

RFID

Baggage Handling System Control Room

IoT Application Domains

� Telecommunications/People & Goods Transportation� Mobile phone using SIM-card and near field communication

8

� Monitoring traffic jams through cell phones, intelligent transport systems

ITS Center

IoT Application Domains

� Intelligent Buildings� Automatic energy management system

Temperature

9

Light ControlEnergy Meters

CO2 Sensors

Flow Meters

Humidity

IoT Application Domains

� Medical Technology, Healthcare/Pharmaceutical� Healthcare using body sensor networks

10

� Attaching smart labels to drugs, tracking and monitoring them with sensors

Smart label

IoT Application Domains

� Cold Supply Chain Management

Food supplyCustomer Cold Supply Chain

� Temperature-controlled supply chain management using sensor networks

11

� Identification Technology� Technologies that address the global ID schemes and identity

management

Technologies supporting the IoT vision

� Internet of Things Architecture Technology� Distributed open architecture for global data sharing and processing

� Distributed self-adaptive software for self optimization, self configuration,

self healing

� Self management techniques to overcome

increasing complexities� Discovery and Search Engine Technologies

12

Technologies supporting the IoT vision

� Network/Communication Technology

� Enable seamless interoperability of heterogeneous systems through the Internet

� Connect diverse network/communication

13

network/communication protocols with IP� RFID� WiFi� ZigBee� 6LowPAN� mobile ad hoc

networks� multi frequency radio

� cognitive radio

Technologies supporting the IoT vision

� Security and Privacy Technology

� Two main issues� Privacy of humans� Confidentiality of

business

� Required technologies� Privacy-preserving

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� Privacy-preserving technology

� Encryption and protection algorithms

� Key distribution algorithms

� Object and network authentication

� Data ownership

IoT Security and Privacy (http://ec.europa.eu)

� Hardware/Power and Energy Storage Technology

Technologies supporting the IoT vision

15

[Energy Harvesting] [Battery Technology] [Wireless power Technology]

[RF and Antenna Technology] [MEMS Technology ][Sensor Technology ]

GS1 EPCglobal /Auto-ID Labs & EPC GS1 EPCglobal /Auto-ID Labs & EPC network

GS1&EPCglobal

- EPCglobal has a leading role for the development of RFIC standard

• EPCglobal was established in 2003 and had more than 800

subscribers worldwide (Nearly 340 companies participate in EPCglobal

Action Groups)

The Global Language of Business

OVERALL BENEFITS: OVERALL BENEFITS:

Improving efficiency & visibility in supply and demand chains

Global standards for

automatic identification

RAPID AND ACCURATE

ITEM, ASSET OR

LOCATION IDENTIFICATION

Global standards for

electronic business

Messaging

RAPID, EFFICIENT &

ACCURATE BUSINESS

DATA EXCHANGE

The environment for

global data

Synchronisation

STANDARDISED, RELIABLE

DATA FOR EFFECTIVE

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Global Standards for

RFID-based

Identification

MORE ACCURATE, IMMEDIATE

AND COST EFFICIENT

VISIBLITY OF INFORMATION

EPCglobal /Auto-ID Labs

• Architecting the Internet of Things

– The Auto-ID Labs are the leading global network of academic

research laboratories in the field of networked RFID.

Auto-ID Labs and EPCglobal are launched in Nov 1 2003

Technology

Committee

EPCglobal Board

Strategic Direction

Committee (SDC)

EPCglobal Staff Architectural Review

Committee (ARC)

Joint Strategy and Planning

President

EPCglobal Organizational Structure

Joint Strategy and Planning

Committee (JSPC)

Public Policy

・USA・Europe (EWG)

Global Industry

Development

Business Steering

Committee

Technical Steering

Committee

・Industry Action Groups (IAG)・Joint Requirements Groups (JRG)・Technical Action Groups (TAG)・Cross Industry Adoption and Implementation Groups

Auto ID Labs

・MIT・Fudan・Keio・St. Gallen・KAIST・Cambridge・Adelaide

Virtual Organization 2,500 + individuals

The EPCglobal Network: How does it work?

20

Overview of the main components and

interfaces of the EPC Network

21

source - Thiesse, F.; Floerkemeier, C.; Harrison, M.; Michahelles, F.; Roduner, C.: Technology, Standards, and Real-World Deployments of the EPC Network,

IEEE Internet Computing , vol.13, no.2, pp.36-43, March-April 2009

EPC and EPC Tags

• EPC

– The EPC is a globally unique serial number that identifies an item

in the supply chain

– This allows enquiries to be made about a single instance of an item

wherever it is within the supply chain

• EPC tag• EPC tag

– Tags are RFID devices that consist of a microchip and an antenna

attached to a substrate

– The unique EPC for an item is stored on this tag, which is

physically attached to the item

22

Readers

• EPC readers

– An EPC reader is a device that reads the EPC from the EPC tag

using radio waves

– EPC readers are placed at points in the supply chain that make the

most sense to track the movement of items.

23

EPC Middleware

• EPC Middleware

– EPC Middleware is a software technology that provides alerts, and

manages the basic read information for communication to the EPC

Information Services and companies existing information systems.

24

Source : Cambridge Auto-ID Labs

EPC Information Services (EPCIS)

• EPC Information Services enables users to exchange EPC-

related data with trading partners through the EPCglobal

Network

25

The physical flow of

goods is tracked along

the supply chain, which

lets consumers

reconstruct a product’s

history and verify its

origin

source - Thiesse, F.; Floerkemeier, C.; Harrison, M.; Michahelles, F.; Roduner, C.: Technology, Standards, and Real-World Deployments of the EPC Network,

IEEE Internet Computing , vol.13, no.2, pp.36-43, March-April 2009

Object Name Service (ONS)

Biz Application Biz Application

EPC NetworkROOT ONSThe ONS is an authoritative directory

service that routes requests for

information

about Electronic Product Codes™

(EPCs) between a requesting party

and the product

manufacturer.

EPC Discovery Service The EPC Discovery Service is the registry

of every EPC-IS that has

information about instances of a certain

object or global trade item number (GTIN).

26

Biz Application

RFID Middleware

Biz Application

RFID Middleware

EPC-Information Service EPC Information Services

enables users to exchange

EPC-related data with trading

partners through the

EPCglobal Network

reprinted from 이계완(주)SKC&C, RFID 시장및기술동향

RFID Reader and Tags RFID Reader and Tags

SNAIL to connect ThingsSNAIL to connect Things(Sensor Network for All IP worLd)

SNAIL to connect Things

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SNAIL (Sensor Network for All IP worLd)

• SNAIL supports :

– Interoperability between IPv4/v6 domains and the IEEE 802.15.4

– Lightweight IPv6, ICMPv6, MIPv6, NEMO, UDP, TCP, SNTP, SSL

– Mesh routing in adaptation layer, Addressing

29

SNAIL : Mobility Support

• Adapt standard mobility

protocol to 6LoWPAN

– Support node & network based

mobility

• Mobile IPv6, NEMO protocol

• Fast Handoff Scheme for

6LoWPAN

– Make-before-Break policy

30

– Make-before-Break policy

– Support Fast handoff

– Support Route Optimization

• In order to reduce packet

loss, reduce handover delay

– Movement detection delay

– Channel Scan delay

– CoA generation delay

– Duplicate Address Detection

delay

– Binding Message Exchange

delay

SNAIL : Web Enablement

• Adaptation standard http

protocol to 6LoWPAN

– Support TCP/HTTP header

compression for sensor nodes

• Support RESTful Web services

– Create (HTTP POST)

– Retrieve (HTTP GET)

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– Retrieve (HTTP GET)

– Update (HTTP PUT)

– Delete (HTTP DELETE)

• Service rich web pages

– Instead of a sensor node,

Presentation server serves user

templates and application codes

– A sensor node serves only its

sensed data

– A web browser is in charge of

processing the data and display

SNAIL : Time Synchronization

• Gateway maintains global time

using SNTP or NTP Support node &

network based mobility

• All IP-USN networks maintain the UTC

• Server-Client Time Sync Model

– Nodes synchronize to Gateway multi-hop

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hop

– Leaf Node triggers time sync

– Root delay is accumulated and forwarded by intermediate nodes

� Not MAC layer time synch., but Adaptation

layer time synch.

Leaf nodeInitiation

SNAIL : Security

� Lightweight Security Protocol for IP-USN� ECC based lightweight SSL

○ ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) based security strong enough against RSA

� End-to-end security support from SSL over UDP

○ Authentication, privacy, data integrity over a transport layer

� Small resource requirement

○ 64 KB of Flash and 7 KB of RAM (ECC-RC4-MD5)

Applications

(bytes) FLASH RAM

(static)

RAM

(Heap)

SNAIL

(1280 F/R)

47,642 6,916 422

SNAIL 47,642 6,148 422

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Internet

IP-USN

IP-WSNHost

End-to-end secure communication with lwSSLTCP, UDP/IP

lwTCP/IPSNAIL Software Stack

lw Record Protocol

lwHandshakeProtocol

lwChangeCipherSpec Protocol

lwAlert Prot

Applications

Crypto. algorithms

Resource Requirement

SNAIL

(512 F/R)

47,642 6,148 422

ECC-RC4 63,230 6,264 672

ECC-DES 63,512 6,292 724

ECC-3DES 63,632 6,346 762

RSA-RC4 63,324 6,280 976

RSA-DES 63,528 6,314 1,012

RSA-3DES 63,644 6,366 1,054

Data

Data2Data2 Data3Data3Data1Data1

MAC

Data Fragment

= MD5/SHA1 [secret key, primary data, padding, sequence num]

Encrypt with RC4 (128-bit key)

SNAIL – SW/HW Components

(c) Sensorboard

(d) Processboard

(e) Actuatorboard

(f) Gateway

(a) Sensor node Architecture (b) Gateway Architecture

SNAIL – Prototyping over KOREN

(Korea Research Network)

� Target network: Present

� Both IP-USN and hosts in IPv4 networks (Internet)

� IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel via Relay server

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� Target network: Future

� IP-USN deployed in KOREN

Feasible performance

EPC Sensor NetworkEPC Sensor Network

EPC Sensor Network

• Why do we need EPC Sensor Network?

– RFID/WSN is one of the most important technologies to realize IoT

– Current WSNs can not talk to other WSNs, neither RFID infra

– Standardized infrastructure is needed in order for applications to

interact with RFID and WSNs

37

Application Examples

enabled by EPC Sensor network

38

Easy construction of any kind of application with EPC SN!!

EPC Sensor Network Overview

39

IoT Reader

• Enable RFID tags and WSNs connected to IoT infrastructure through IoT-RP.

• IoT-Reader Protocol is an interface which

connects an IoT Reader to the ALE-IoT. It

also supports not only RFID but also WSN

protocols.

40

• WSN Manager not only configures and

manages underlying WSNs and translates

WSN protocols and Internet protocol, but also

maps an EPC to WSN address by referring to

the EPC translation table..

• UVTM abstracts a thing to a general RFID tag

=> provides transparent access a thing using

the same method as used in RFID tag access.

• Thing’s Profile Dispatcher obtains thing’s

description including above tag memory

specification.

IoT Middleware

• ALE interface is extended

to support sensor data

processing

• The new components of

ALE-IoT Middleware

– ECA Broker

– Event HandlerComplex Event

Event Condition

SOAP/HTTP Binding

ReportGenerator

EPCIS Application

Event Handler

– Event Handler

– Action Manager

– CEP engine

– TMParser, TMSpec

Manager

• Multiple level event

processing is possible by

using complex event

processing (CEP)

technology

41

Logical Reader Abstraction

Complex Event Processing (CEP) Engine

Thing s Profile Server

TMParser

IoT Reader

Action (ECA)Broker

TMSpecManager

Action ManagerIoT ONS

EPCIS-IoT

• EPCIS in EPCglobal Network can’t handle

data from Wireless Sensor Network

– Only handle RFID-related events

• New sensor event definition formats are

proposed to support sensor-related data

for IoT

– Sensing Event: Describe sensing values like

temperature or humidity temperature or humidity

– Abnormal Condition Event: Represents

unexpected situations like too high temperature

or fire.

• EPCIS Repository in EPC SN is a

distributed database to store and share

RFID/WSN events

– Capturing application stores event data in

EPCIS Repository via Capture Interface

– Accessing application can query event data

and master data via Query Interface

42

• Distributed sensor profile service provides knowledge about

sensing data, sensing source and presentations

• To deal with heterogeneous sensing source via global scale

architecture

Thing’s Profile Service

message format EPCIS

Query App.

EPCIS

Query App.IoT-

ONS

IoT-

ONS

Thing’s

Profile

Server

Thing’s

Profile

Servercatalog information

presentationSensor Profile Service

EPCIS-IoT

Adaptation

grouping

filtering

Event

Data

Event

Data

Actuationevent cycle

ONSONSServerServer

CEP

ALEALELLRPLLRP

IoT-Reader

ALE-IoT EPCIS

Repository

Master

Data

Master

Data

IoT-Reader

primitive events information

EPCISEPCIS

fire

event

fire

event

EPC,data

master

data

EPC SN Prototype:

Food Safety System

• Auto-ID Labs open source fosstrak and EPC SN based prototype

• ZigBee, IP-WSN, RFID are used for the food safety application

– The environmental conditions are collected and stored in repository

– The unacceptable state such as high temperature is detected

– The fan is operated autonomously by the application logic

44

SCM adopting the Internet of SCM adopting the Internet of Things

What will happen in IoT Era?

46

SCM adopting the Internet of Things- RFID-based SCM

47

SCM adopting the Internet of Things

48

References

• The meaning of Things “CERP-IoT Research Roadmap, EC, 2009”

• Internet of Things in 2020: Roadmap for the future (DG INFSO and EPoSS)

• http://autoelectronics.com/telematics/vehicle_v2v_infastructure_communication_integration-0701/

• http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/innovation_research_development/

• http://www.airport-int.com/article/radio-frequency-identification-and-barcode-identification-unit.html

• http://www.blackberrycool.com/2007/10/04/taiwan-trials-sim-based-nfc/

• http://news.soft32.com/nxp-pn544-controller-innovates-contactless-mobile-services_7375.html

• http://www.citrisuc.org/publications/articles/taming_traffic_your_phone_mobile_millennium_project

• http://onemotoring.sg/publish/onemotoring/en/on_the_roads/traffic_management/intelligent_transport_syste

ms.html

• http://www.automatedbuildings.com/news/dec08/articles/veris/081125042505veris.htm• http://www.automatedbuildings.com/news/dec08/articles/veris/081125042505veris.htm

• http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/03/27/sustainable-superfuture-for-dubai-waterfront/

• http://www.enterprise.mtu.edu/im/projects.html

• http://www.nano80.at/wireless/drop_in_networking.htm

• http://vip.doc.ic.ac.uk/benlo/m775.html

• http://www.northernapex-rfid.com/lifesciences.html

• http://www.spychips.com/devices/rfid-tag-images2006.html

• http://www.rfid.averydennison.com/solutions.php

• http://www.asiafoodjournal.com/article-2674-supplychainmanagementrfidgainsground-Asia.html

• http://www.hammer.net/template.asp?nav_id=110

• http://www.rfgyhtechnical.co.uk/shop.php

• http://www.witiger.com/ecommerce/RFID.htm

• http://www.systemid.com/motorola/rfid.asp

• http://www.rfida.com/labels/active-rfid.htm

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