introduction - 明治大学...the ovari・adrenalectomized mice induced signi丘cant increases in...

6
明治大学農学部研究報告 第91号(1991)17~22 The important role of the adrenal gland in the lactose content and the RNA/DN in the mouse mammary gland at ovariec induced lactogenesis Toshio HARIGAYA* (1991年8月26日受理) Summary The role of the adrenal gland on lactogenesis was inves mid-pregnant mice. Ovariectolny induced signi丘cant increas and the RNA/DNA ratio of the mammary gland at 24 h after tional removal of adrellal glands prevented completely i until 40 h after the operation. Increases in the lactose c ratio were resumed by the cortisol injection to ovari-ad the effect of cortisol injection was delayed in comparison These results suggest that the adrenal gland is the im the lactose content and the RNA/DNA ratio of the mammary INTRODUCTION The supplement of insulin, glucocorticoid and prolact essentiallY required for in vitro lactogenesis・in the mou these hormolles, glucocorticoid stimulates the developme structures2)and increases the sensitivity for PRL bindin alone has no lactogenic activity. At present, a role of adr strated thoroughly in in vivo lactogenesis. The previous ectomy at mid-pregnancy mimicked the events of the ma by full term parturition such as increases in the speci丘c b lactose content and the RNA/DNA ratio within 24 h lafter ovariectomized mouse presents a useful model to examine a laCtOgenesiS. The present experiment was designed to study wheth inhibits increases in the lactose content and the RNA/ gland, and whether cortisol therapy recovers the inhibit on increases of these parameters. *Faculty of Agriculture, Meiji University,1-1-1 Higashimita, Tam 一17一

Upload: others

Post on 09-Feb-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: INTRODUCTION - 明治大学...the ovari・adrenalectomized mice induced signi丘cant increases in these parameters. Since the previous report indicated that glucocorticoids increased

明治大学農学部研究報告 第91号(1991)17~22

The important role of the adrenal gland on increases

   in the lactose content and the RNA/DNA ratio

     in the mouse mammary gland at ovariectomy・

                     induced lactogenesis

Toshio HARIGAYA*

(1991年8月26日受理)

                                  Summary

   The role of the adrenal gland on lactogenesis was investigated in ovariectomized

mid-pregnant mice. Ovariectolny induced signi丘cant increases in the lactose content

and the RNA/DNA ratio of the mammary gland at 24 h after the operation. Addi-

tional removal of adrellal glands prevented completely increases in these parameters

until 40 h after the operation. Increases in the lactose content and the RNA/DNA

ratio were resumed by the cortisol injection to ovari-adrenalectomized mice whereas

the effect of cortisol injection was delayed in comparison with that of ovariectomy.

These results suggest that the adrenal gland is the important organ to modulate                                                                   ゐ

the lactose content and the RNA/DNA ratio of the mammary gland at lactogenesis.

INTRODUCTION

   The supplement of insulin, glucocorticoid and prolactin(PRL)in combination is

essentiallY required for in vitro lactogenesis・in the mouse mammary gland.1) Among

these hormolles, glucocorticoid stimulates the development of intracellular membrane

structures2)and increases the sensitivity for PRL binding.3・4)While glucocorticoid

alone has no lactogenic activity. At present, a role of adrenal gland is not demon-

strated thoroughly in in vivo lactogenesis. The previous report showed that ovari-

ectomy at mid-pregnancy mimicked the events of the mammary gland accompanied

by full term parturition such as increases in the speci丘c binding of 1251-PRL, the

lactose content and the RNA/DNA ratio within 24 h lafter the operation.5) The

ovariectomized mouse presents a useful model to examine a role of adrenal gland on

laCtOgenesiS.

   The present experiment was designed to study whether further adrenalectomy

inhibits increases in the lactose content and the RNA/DNA ratio in the mammary

gland, and whether cortisol therapy recovers the inhibitory effect of adrenalectomy

on increases of these parameters.

*Faculty of Agriculture, Meiji University,1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214, JAPAN

一17一

Page 2: INTRODUCTION - 明治大学...the ovari・adrenalectomized mice induced signi丘cant increases in these parameters. Since the previous report indicated that glucocorticoids increased

The important role of the adrenal gland on increases in the lactose content

MATERIALS AND METHODS

   KA mice used in the present experiment were kept in a light(14 h-1ight/10 h-

dark)and temperature (22±2°C)-controlled room with food and water ad libitum.

The day on which a vaginal plug was found was counted as day O of pregnancy.

Ovaries or ovaries and adrenal glands were removed under the Na-pentobarbital

anesthesia (Nembutal, Abbot laboratories, North Chicago, Il1.,U. S. A.)on day 13

0f pregnancy. Adrenalectomized mice were given O.9%saline instead of water. One

mg of cortisol(Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, Mo., U. S. A.)suspended in O.1 ml of

physiological saline with aid of gum arabic was injected subcutaneously to ovari-

adrenalectomized mice immediately after the operation. Sham-operated mice served

as the controL After mice were killed by cervical dislocation, the mammary gland

×10-1

 3.0

2.5

02

<7[〔【\①uoOりり

1.5

1.0

0,5

               Sham      .OvX      OvX・AdX    OvX・AdX

                                                  十

                                               F(1mg/day)

Fig.1 Lactose colltents in mammary glands 24 h and 40 h after ovariectomy

     (ovx)and ovari-adrenalectomy(ovx-adx)on day 130f pregnancy.

      The number of mice used in each group is indicated in the column.

     Each bar indicates the S. E. M.*,**;p<0.05, p<0.01 vs sham. F:

     cortisol.

一18一

Page 3: INTRODUCTION - 明治大学...the ovari・adrenalectomized mice induced signi丘cant increases in these parameters. Since the previous report indicated that glucocorticoids increased

was collected except lymph nodes, muscle and other connective tissues. The precise

protocol for the determination of lactose and nucleic acid has been described previ-

ously.5・6) For histological observation, mammary glands were丘xed in Bouin’s

solution and embedded in para伍n. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin

and eosin for light microscopic observation.

RESULTS

   All fetuses were aborted within 24 h after ovariectomy or ovari-adrenalectomy

on day 130f pregnancy. Ovariectomy induced signi丘cant increases in the lactose

content(Fig.1)and the RNA/DNA ratio(Fig.2)in the mammary gland 24 h after

the operation. At 40 h after the operation, the lactose content and the RNA/DNA

ratio decreased at the same levels as in the sham-operated control. Additional

removal of adrenal glands prevented completely these increases in both parameters

2.0

1.5

      。0

     1

<Z∩\<Z餌

0.5

[24h・

@                               **

@  40hr陽                          **

@          **

9 4 9 4 10 5 4 5

               Sham       OvX      OvX・AdX    OvX・AdX                                                  十                                               F(1mg/day)

Fig.2 RNA/DNA ratios in mammary glands 24 h and 40 h after ovariectomy

    (ovx)and ovari-adrenalectomy(ovx-adx)on day 130f pregnancy.

      The number of mice used in cach group is indicated in the column.

    Each bar indiρates the S.E.M.*,**:p<0.05, p<0.01 vs sham. F;

    cortisol.

一19一

Page 4: INTRODUCTION - 明治大学...the ovari・adrenalectomized mice induced signi丘cant increases in these parameters. Since the previous report indicated that glucocorticoids increased

The lmportant role of the adrenal gland on lncreases ln the lactose cQntent

1n whlch the lnltlal levels were unchanged at 24 h or at 40 h or Iowered slgnl丘cantly

the RNA/DNA ratlo at 40 h. When a slngle lnJectlon of cortlsol(1 mg)was admlnl-

stered to the ovarl-adrenalectom1zed mouse,1ncreases ln the lactose content and the

RNA/DNA ratlo were lnduced and contlnued untll 40 h after the cortlsol therapy

(Flgs.1and 2). Thls result also lndlcates that the cortlsol modulatlon of these

欝灘灘

ww

望甘

灘 

雛鑓  v  り

骸辮鐘

苓c霧撒

 、.躰.

,賭難“

1

4

霧華馨轟難灘灘m

難欝

Fig.3 Hlstologlcal changes of mouse mammary glands 24 h and 40 h after ovarlectomy and

    ovan-adrenalectomy on day 130f pregnancy (×540)

      A)1ntact mammary gland on day 130f pregnancy B)24 h after ovarlectomy

    C)40hafter ovarlectomy D)24 h after ovar1-adrenalectomy. E)40 h after ovarl-

    adrenalectomy. F)40 h after ovarl adrenalectomy and cortlsol(1 mg)therapy

一20一

Page 5: INTRODUCTION - 明治大学...the ovari・adrenalectomized mice induced signi丘cant increases in these parameters. Since the previous report indicated that glucocorticoids increased

P。,am,ters st・・t・d m・・h・1・wer and. P・ter th・n did・…iect・my・Th・hi・t・1・gical

。,pect、・f th・m・mm・・y g1・nd・1…upP・・t・d the c・・ti・・1・ffect・n th・1・b・1・・1…1・・

formation and milk synthesis which is almost as same as lactational mammary gland

(Fig.3).

DISCUSSION

   The lactose content and the RNA/DNA ratio were used as the indices of the

mammary activities in this experiment. Lactose which is regulated speci丘cally by

PRL is the convenient indicator of milk synthesis, because of its speci丘c milk com-

ponent, its presence in the large amount in milk and its simかle structuTal compound

as compared with milk casein. The RNA/DNA ratio itself is.not the speci丘c but

                                  ■     ロthe general indicator of mammary actlvlty.

   The present experiment showed clearly that adrenalectomy at mid-pregnancy

suppressed completely the ovariectomy-induced increases in the lactose content and

the RNA/DNA ratio of the mammary gland. On the contrary, cortisol injection to

the ovari・adrenalectomized mice induced signi丘cant increases in these parameters.

Since the previous report indicated that glucocorticoids increased the number of PRL

receptors after ovari-adrenalectomy in the pregnant mouse,7)these results suggest

that the adrenal gland plays an important role in the amplification 6f PRL stimu-

lation characterized by the increased number of PRL receptor and on the following

changes of the mammary activity and the lactose accumulation induced by ovari-

ectomy. The present丘ndillg of the adrenalectomy-inhibition of lactogenesis at mid-

pregnancy agrees well with that in rats shown by Davis and Liu8)alld Harigaya et

al.6). The molecular mechanism of the adrenalectomy-ovariectomy antagonlsm ls

still unclear but progesterone having an inhibitory action on lactogenesis, competes

with glucocorticoid at the same cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor in the mouse

mammary gland.9,10)The glucocorticoid action may suppress at the higher concen-

tration of progesterone during the latter half of pregnancy. After the decline of

progestとrone level at parturition, glucocorticoid may be able to bind to its receptor

without the competition with progesterone, The removal of adrenal glands during

lactation also caused the destruction of the membrane structure, the decline of casein

mRNA・acti∀ityll)and the decrease in the number of PRL receptor without any

alteration of the Kd in the mammary gland.3)

                                References

1) Topper, Y. J.(1970). Multiple hormone interactions in the development of mammary gland

 in vitro. Rec. Prog. Horm. Res.26;287-308.

2) Mills, E. S. and Y. J. Topper(1969). Mammary alveolar cells:effect of hydrocortisone on

 ultrastructure. Science 165;1127-1128.         .

3)Sakai, S. and M. R. Banerjee(1979). Glucocorticoid modulation of prolactin receptors on

 mammary cells of lactating mice. Biochim・Biophys・Acta 582;79-88・

4) Sakai, S., P. D. Bowman, J. Yang, K. McComiick and S. Nandi(1979). Glucocorticoid

一21一

Page 6: INTRODUCTION - 明治大学...the ovari・adrenalectomized mice induced signi丘cant increases in these parameters. Since the previous report indicated that glucocorticoids increased

The important role of the adrenal gland on increases in the lactose content

  regulation of prolactin receptors on mammary cells in culture. Endocrinology 104;1447-1449.

5) Harigaya, T., S, Sakai and K. Kohmoto(1978). Induction of mammary prolagtin receptors

  and lactose synthesis after ovariectomy in the pregnant mouse. EndocrinoL Japon。25;157-161.

6) Harigaya, T., K. Kohmoto, K. Ota and A. Yokoyama(1980). Speci丘c binding of prolactin

  to the mammary gland and lactose synthesis in pregnant rats after removal of ovaries and

  adrenals. Endocrinol. Japon.27;39-41.

7) Harigaya, T., S. Sakai, K. Kohmoto and Y. Shoda(1982). Influence of glucocorticoids on

  mammary prolact三n receptors in pregnant mice after ovariectomy. J. Endocr。94;149-155.

8)Davis, J. W. and T. M. Liu(1969). The adrenal gland and lactogenesis. Endocrinology 85;

  155-160.

9) Shyamala, G.(1973). Speci丘c cytoplasmic glucocorticoid hormone receptors in lactat三ng

  mammary glands. Biochem. J.12;3085-3090.

10)Turnell, R W., P. C. Beers and J. L. Wittli旺(1974), Glucocorticoid-binding macromolecules

  in the lactating mammary gland of the vole. Endocrinology 95;1770-1773.

11)Terry, P. M, F. K。 Lin, and M. R. Banerjee(1977). Responses of mouse mammary gland

  casein mRNA to corticosteroid action and suckling. Mol. CelL Endocrinol.9;169-182.

一22一