INTRODUCTION TO TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY

管道铺设非开挖技术的介绍

摘抄整理： 吕明刚

Traditional Methods 传统的方法

• First suited for “gre enfield” 适用于未发展区域• Low tech – little change over past 50 yrs.

技术含量低，近 50 年没有多大改进• Level of planning & implementation basic

对计划与实施手段的要求低• “Non-greenfield” – surface disruptions,

underground utilities 在市区施工， 对地面上的物景产生损坏，对地下的管网产生威胁

Trenchless Technologies 非开挖技术

• Thrust Boring & Pipe Jacking (pre-1900’s) 顶管法

• Auger Boring (1940) 螺旋钻进法• Impact Moling (1962) 冲击矛法• Directional Drilling (1971) 水平定向钻进法• Impact Ramming (1980) 夯管法• Pipe Bursting (1980’s) 爆 ( 裂 ) 管法

Definition ofTrenchless Technologies

非开挖技术的定义

““A family of methods, materials, and equipment A family of methods, materials, and equipment capable of being used for the installation of new or capable of being used for the installation of new or

replacement or rehabilitation of existing underground replacement or rehabilitation of existing underground infrastructure with minimal disruption to surface traffic, infrastructure with minimal disruption to surface traffic, business, and other activities.” business, and other activities.” 非非开挖技术就是采用各种方法， 材料，设备来铺设，更换或修复地下公用设施而能做到最小限度地扰民

碍市

New Construction Techniques New Construction Techniques 新技术新技术

Pipe Bursting Pipe Bursting 爆爆 (( 裂裂 )) 管法管法

MicrotunnelingMicrotunneling 微型隧道法微型隧道法

Auger BoringAuger Boring 螺旋钻进法螺旋钻进法

Pipe Jacking Pipe Jacking 顶管法顶管法

H.D.D.H.D.D. 水平定向钻进法水平定向钻进法

Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向钻进法

• Lengths of 15 - 1800 m 施工长度： 15 － 1800 米

• Diameters of 25 - 1200 mm 管径 25 － 1200 毫米

• Applications: 应用– utility conduits 市政工程– Pipelines 管道设施– gravity sewers 下水管道– force mains 压力管道– horizontal remediation wells 治

理污染的水平管群– geotechnical investigations 地质调查

HDD Process 水平定向钻进过程

HDD Process 水平钻进定进过程

Pipe Bursting 爆 ( 裂 ) 管法

• Lengths of 100 - 900 m Lengths of 100 - 900 m 施工长度：施工长度： 100100 －－ 900900 米米

• Diameters of 75 - 1060 mm Diameters of 75 - 1060 mm 管道直径：管道直径： 7070 －－ 10601060 毫米毫米

• Applications: Applications: 应用应用– replacement of force mains replacement of force mains

压力管的更换压力管的更换– replacement of gravity sewers replacement of gravity sewers

下水道的更换下水道的更换

Static Head Static Head 固定式裂管头固定式裂管头

Pneumatic Head Pneumatic Head 气动式裂管头气动式裂管头

Hydraulic Head Hydraulic Head 液压式裂管头液压式裂管头

Pipe Bursting Process(Static) 爆管法的过程 （ 固定裂管工艺 )

Pipe Bursting Process(Static Cont.) 爆管法的过程 （固定裂管工艺 ) 续

Pipe Bursting Process(Pneumatic) 爆管法的过程 （气动工法 )

Microtunneling Microtunneling 微型隧道法微型隧道法

•Lengths of 25 - 225 m Lengths of 25 - 225 m 施工长度：施工长度： 2525 －－ 225225 米米

•Diameters of 250 - 3050 mm Diameters of 250 - 3050 mm 管径：管径： 250250 －－ 30503050 毫米毫米

•Applications: Applications: 应用应用•gravity sewer installationsgravity sewer installations 下水管道的安装

Microtunneling Process Microtunneling Process 微型隧道法施工过程微型隧道法施工过程

Pipe Jacking 顶管法

• Lengths of up to 490 m have been achieved 施工长度可达 490 米

• Diameters of 1060 - 3050 mm 管径介于 1060 － 3050 毫米

• Applications: 应用– large diameter gravity sewers

and force mains 大型下水管道和压力管道

Pipe Jacking Process 顶管法施工过程

Auger Boring Auger Boring 螺旋横钻孔机螺旋横钻孔机

•Lengths of 12 - 150 m 施工长度： 12 － 150 米

•Diameters of 200 - 1500 mm 管径： 200 － 1500 毫米

•Applications: 应用•relatively short crossings of pipes and conduits 短距离的管道施工

TWO CASE HISTORIES 两个例子

（一） Pipe Bursting 爆管法（二） Horizontal Directional Drilling

水平定向钻进法

（一）爆管法（一）爆管法Alternatives Alternatives 方案比较方案比较

• Parallel the existing gravity trunk sewer with a new gravity trunk sewer 将新下水管与旧下水管平行安放

• Construct a series of 5 new pumping stations and pump to adjacent sewerage area 需要设置 5 个新泵站，把污水泵送到邻近排污系统

Parallel Trunk Sewer Parallel Trunk Sewer 平行管道方案平行管道方案

• Advantages 优点– Maintains gravity flow 维持重力流动

• Disadvantages 缺点– Construction in silty sand to clayey material 3 to 6

metres deep with high groundwater in close proximity to Millstone River, a highly sensitive Coho salmon habitat stream. 在 3-6 米的粘沙土层施工难度大；地下水位高；会影响三文鱼栖息地的生态

– Additional right-of-way would be required 需要额外的管位

• Cost Estimated at $5.1 million 成本估算约 5.1 百万美元

Pumped Option Pumped Option 泵站方案泵站方案

• Advantages 优点– Minimizes environmental impacts as pump stations and

forcemains for the most part would be constructed in existing right-of-ways. 对环境扰动小

• Disadvantages 缺点– Added undesirable long term operational costs to the

City of Nanaimo 给这个城市增加了一些额外的长期营运成本

• Cost Estimated at $5.2 million 成本估算约 5.2 百万美元

Pipe Bursting Researched as a Possible Pipe Bursting Researched as a Possible Alternative Alternative 爆管法作为可能的另一选择爆管法作为可能的另一选择

• Advantages 优点1. Less environmental impact as excavation is minimized 由于极少动土， 对环境影

响小2. Gravity flow maintained 保持重力流动3. No additional right-of-ways required 无需额外的管位4. No long term operational and maintenance costs associated with pump stations 无需

象泵站方案那样需要长期的营运和维护成本5. More cost effective than alternatives 最经济的工法

• Disadvantages 缺点1. Upsize required at the upper limit of PB technology in North America; however,

there had been limited success 扩径要求已达北美的爆管的上限；但也有一些成功的实例

2. Lengths 100m to 175m 长度为 100 米 至 175 米3. Limited availability of contractors in North America with capability to perform

upsize of this nature 能做这样的扩径工程的承包商有限

Demonstration Section Demonstration Section 演示部分演示部分

• Ability to burst project lengths (100m to 175m) 能施工 100 至 175 米的长度

• Ability to burst pipe couplings 能裂管接头• Ability to burst concrete encasement 能裂混凝土包封

• Although some difficulties encountered, remaining project was subsequently awarded 尽管遇到一些困难，项目最后获得通过。

350350mmmm(14”)(14”)

750750mmmm

(30”)(30”)

650650mmmm(26”)(26”)

（二） Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向钻进法

定向钻在美国信息高速网路上的应用