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Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu 21. stol.

Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

Past perfect

Předminulý čas

Kdy používáme?• Vyjadřuje děj, který se odehrál před

minulostí.

• vypravujeme a nedodržíme posloupnost děje, tzn. nevypravujeme události přesně tak, jak šly po sobě.

• Hojně se používá v časových souvětích se spojkami typu: after, before, when

Grammar• had + past participle (3rd type of the

verb)

+ I had seen him before he left for the USA.

- I had not seen him before he left for the USA.

? Had you seen him before he left for the USA?

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet

Short forms1/ Affirmative sentences:• I had played chess before starting with

piano.I had played chess = I'd played chess.

2/ Negative sentences:• I had not gone shopping.

I had not gone = I'd not gone

Past simple or past perfect?• Simple Past can be used instead of the Past

Perfect when the action refers to a specific time in the past.

• Then we must use "before" or "after" in the sentence.

• "before" and "after" tell us what happened first, so the Past Perfect is optional.

• Thus both sentences are correct:1/ She had visited London once in 2001 before

she moved there in 2008. 2/ She visited London once in 2001 before she

moved there in 2008.

• If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is needed.

• Compare the examples:

1/ She never saw a crocodile before she moved to Australia. Not Correct !!!!

• She had never seen a crocodile before she moved to Australia. Correct

• Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience.

• Simple Past cannot be used.

Compare

Past Perfect Past Simple The movie had

started when he got to the cinema.

The movie started when he got to the cinema.

- the movie was already playing when he arrived

- the movie started after he arrived

What happened first?1/ The thief had spent the money before the

police caught him. A, The thief spent the money.

B, The police caught the thief.2/ Sam had washed the dishes and turned the

TV on. A, Sam washed the dishes. B, Sam turned the TV on.3/ Yesterday Maria arrived late because she

had worked a lot. A, Maria arrived late. B, Maria worked a lot.

Fill in the correct form of the verb

1/ The wave destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) __________.

2/ The doctor took off the plaster that he (apply) _________ a month ago.

3/ I could not remember the words we (study) _________ a week ago.

4/ (phone) ______ they ________ you before coming for a visit?

5/ She _________ (ride) a bike before today. 6/ He _________ (visit) London before moving

there.

Match the halves of the sentences1/ He couldn't come to the

party.a/ but he still had not heard any

news.

2/ They talked to each other for some time

b/ yet I do not believe them because they did it well.

3/ I phoned him to ask about the job he had applied for c/ when we got home.

4/ When I saw himd/ before they realized they had

met before.

5/ They said they had never skied before

e/ when suddenly I bumped into him in a shop.

6/ I had not seen him for a very long time

f/ He had already bought the tickets to the theatre for that day.

7/ She had already finished cooking the dinner

g/ he told me about the girl he had met.

Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.

• (what/Bob/do) that he was kept in after school? • (you eat) before you went to the theatre? • (they/book) a room before they went to Dublin? • (how often/ring) the bell before he answered the

door? • (she/wash) the dishes when her mum came home? • (you/read) the contract before you signed it?

Further practice

• http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/pastperfect/menu.php

INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ

Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

Tato výuková prezentace byla pořízena z finančních prostředků hrazených Evropským sociálním fondem

a rozpočtem České republiky.