Investigations of

ArrhythmiaNON INVASIVE TOOLS

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Eng. Ahmed S. Othman

Egypto Medical for Trading

Heart Conduction Systemنظام التوصيل الكهربى بالقلب

The sinus node, displaying properties of

automaticity, spontaneously depolarizes,

sending a depolarization wave over the

atrium, depolarizing the atrioventricular(AV) node, propagating over the His-

Purkinje system, and depolarizing the

ventricle in systematic fashion.

SA Node مسئولة عن بداية الكهرباء باألذينين

AV Node نقل الكهرباء للبطينين

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Normal Sinus Rhythmالنبض الطبيعى

The normal

rhythm of the

heart, so-called

normal sinus rhythm.

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Abnormal Heart Rhythm – Arrhythmia

اضطراب نبض القلب

Abnormality is in the normal activation sequence of the myocardium, there are hundreds of different types of cardiac arrhythmias.

Such arrhythmia could be:

1. Sick sinus syndrome (SSS).

2. Sinus tachycardia.

3. Premature atrial contractions (PACs)

4. Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).

5. Atrial fibrillation.

6. Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT).

7. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).

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Prevalenceاألعراض

Cardiac arrhythmias common

symptoms are: Dizziness, palpitations, and loss of consciousness or syncope.

Complaints such as fluttering, shortness

of breath, chest discomfort, and

forceful or painful extra beats are

commonly reported with various

arrhythmias.

وفقدان الوعى أو االغماءوالخفقان الدوخة

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Electrocardiograph ECG or EKGرسم القلب–التخطيط الكهربى للقلب

It is an noninvasive transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the surface of the skin and recorded by a device external to the body.

An ECG is used to measure the rate and regularity of heartbeats, as well as the size and position of the chambers.

Most ECGs are performed for diagnostic or research purposes on human hearts.

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ECG Leads & electrodes placementكابالت رسم القلب و توصيلها

Leads refer to the electrical cable attaching the electrodes to the ECG

recorder, 10 of these electrodes are standard in a "12-lead" ECG.

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ECG Leads & electrodes placementكابالت رسم القلب االضافية

Additional electrodes

Extension to improve its

sensitivity in

detecting myocardial

infarction in pediatric

patients rV4 lead.

Extending the chest leads

onto the back with a V7,

V8 and V9.

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Normal ECGرسم القلب

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ECG Analysisقراءة رسم القلب

ECG Leads I, II, III, AVR, AVL, AVF, V1 to V6

Measurement Components:

Rate

Regularity

Intervals

Rhythm Determination

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Abnormal ECGرسم القلب الغير طبيعي

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ECG Machine

جهاز رسم القلب

Leads & Channels: From 1 to 12.

Screen Display: Inch Size & Leads Display.

Print Size: Small Roll, A4 & number of leads.

Patient Cable & Connections.

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ECG Signal Controlالتحكم فى رسم القلب

Gain, Amplitude, Calibration.

Display & Printing Speed: 25 mm/s.

AC Filters.

Manual & Automatic Printing.

Print Views & Leads.

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Holter ECGساعة24رسم القلب

Ambulatory electrocardiography device for continuously monitoring various electrical activity of the cardiovascular system for at least 24 hours.

Its extended recording period for observing occasional cardiac arrhythmias which would be difficult to identify in a shorter period of time.

It records electrical signals from the heart via a series of electrodes attached to the chest.

Electrodes are placed over bones to minimize artifacts from muscular activity.

These electrodes are connected to the Holter Device which will be attached to the patient's belt or hung around the neck.

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Holter ECG Full Monitorساعة24رسم القلب

Normal ECG can diagnose on the spot.

Holter have a wider view searching for arrhythmia.

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Holter Device Components

ساعة24مكونات جهاز رسم القلب

Holter Recorder Device

Screen/ Buttons/ Battery

Device Cable

2 to 10 Electrodes

Software Analysis Program

Getting All ECGs over 24/48/72 Hour.

Heart Rate, Regularities & Abnormalities.

Reporting, Archiving & Printing.

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Stress Test ECGرسم القلب بالمجهود

It is a test used to measure the heart's ability to respond to external

stress in a controlled clinical environment.

The stress response is induced by exercise or drug stimulation.

Cardiac stress tests compare the coronary circulation while the

patient is at rest with the same patient's circulation observed during

maximum physical exertion, showing any abnormal blood flow to

the heart's muscle tissue.

This test can be used to diagnose ischemic heart disease, and for

patient prognosis after a heart attack (myocardial infarction).

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Stress Test ECG componentsمكونات جهاز رسم القلب بالمجهود

Stress test System software for

ECG Analysis

Computer with Good

specification & Big Screen.

Treadmill for Activity (Running).

Cables:

Treadmill to Computer.

Patient to Computer.

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Stress Test System High Specification

أجهزة رسم قلب بالمجهود بمواصفات عالية

Wireless for Patient Safety.

Avoiding crashes & cables cut/disconnection.

Echo Output:

After & Before test for structural analysis

NIBP Output:

Automatic & Manual Blood Pressure in Software.

High Quality signal processing & Display.

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Ultrasound Echoالموجات فوق الصوتية

Ultrasound is an

oscillating sound pressure

wave with a frequency greater

than the upper limit of the human hearing range.

Ultrasound is used in many

different fields to detect

objects and measure

distances.

Animals, Air, Water, Vehicles.

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Ultrasound waves to measure distanceالموجات فوق الصوتية لتحديد المسافات

Sending Wave.

Measure Time.

Receiving Wave.

Drawing Borders.

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Medical Ultrasoundالموجات فوق الصوتية فى مجال الطب

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Cardiac Ultrasound (Echo)موجات فوق صوتية للقلب

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Echo Machineجهاز االيكو

High Specification Computer Machine with

Screen.

Different Probes according to area of

application & usage.

Abdomen.

Linear.

Convex.

Endocavity.

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شكرا لحسن استماعكمTHANKS A LOT FOR ATTENTION

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