IPv6 workshopTWING 2003

謝佳男 chianan@twnic.net.tw

TWNIC

Internet for EverythingIPv6 is the answer!

Speaker’s Short bio

• Chia-Nan Hsieh ( 謝佳男 )• chianan@twnic.net.tw• M.S. in Telecom. Engr. (UMCP)• Current position:

– Engineer, TWNIC– Product Manager, National IPv6 Development & Depl

oyment Program – Co-Chair, APNIC NIR SIG

• Experience:– Network Engineer, University of Maryland

WHY IPv6?

Ethernet 30 週年紀念

Ethernet and TCP/IP were both invented in Palo Ethernet and TCP/IP were both invented in Palo Alto during the summer of 1973, the CSMA/CAlto during the summer of 1973, the CSMA/CD LAN Ethernet at Xerox Parc and TCP/IP WD LAN Ethernet at Xerox Parc and TCP/IP WAN Internet at Stanford.  AN Internet at Stanford. 

Ethernet has evolved from 2.94Mbps over shared Ethernet has evolved from 2.94Mbps over shared coaxial cable, to 100Mbps over switched twistcoaxial cable, to 100Mbps over switched twisted pairs, to 100Gbps over fibers, to 11Mbps oed pairs, to 100Gbps over fibers, to 11Mbps over radio at 2.4GHz, and beyond.  ver radio at 2.4GHz, and beyond. 

Meanwhile, TCP/IP has evolved to IPv4, where it Meanwhile, TCP/IP has evolved to IPv4, where it has been sitting for too long. has been sitting for too long. 

Time for IPv6!Time for IPv6!~ Bob Metcalfe ~~ Bob Metcalfe ~

Internet for Everything

• No longer just “Internet for EveryoneInternet for Everyone”• “Peer to peer” between any pair of devices, not just peop

le on computers– appliances, automobiles, buildings, cameras, control units, embe

dded systems, home networks, medical devices, mobile devices, monitors, output devices, phones, robots, sensors, switches, VPNs

• No more NAT (“fog on the Internet”)• Eventually, every device will be connected to the Internet

– and every device will need an address

Internet for Everything!Internet for Everything!~ Paul Wilson ~

Director General of APNIC

IP on Everything

今日的 Internet

HandsetPDA

Smart phone

Tablet PC

E-Book

Laptop

Desktop

?

?

?

未來的 Internetfreezer

Carwatch

Gas Meter

picture frame

healthcare

phone

aircon

microwave

PS2

desk lamp

給湯機Remote-monitoring

wearable PC

日本 IPv6 應用實例IPv6 計程車 ( 日本 ). 提供乘客當地生活資訊. 提供乘客駕駛健康狀況. 依踩剎車的頻率 , 搜集交通擁塞狀況. 依雨刷頻率 , 搜集天候資訊

IPv4 的問題

1. IP 位址數量不足，影響網路應用的發展• NAT 有其限制

2. 造成數位落差3. 路由表日益增大，影響路由效率4. 設定及管理不易 (Auto-configuration)

5. 缺乏 IP 層的安全性需求 (IPSEC)

6. 缺乏服務品質的支援 (QoS)

7. ….

IP 位址數量消耗情形

• TCP/IP 於 1973 年發明， IPv4 於 1981 年成為 RFC (791)– 1985, 使用 1/16 – 1990, 使用 1/8– 1995, 使用 1/3– 2000, 使用 1/2– 2003, 使用 2/3

• IPv4 位址數量– 理論值 : 232=4,294,967,296 (42 億 )– 實際值 : 2.5 億 (RFC3194, 2001)

2008

亞太地區各國 IP 位址成長量

0

8

16

24

32

40

JP CN KR AU TW HK IN TH MY SG Other

Mil

lio

ns

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

Pre-1996

位址數量面臨不足• IP 位址是網際網路的公用資源• 2003/3 IANA 剩下約 31% /8 可用 (75-80 個 /8)

– 2002/9 時還有 35% ( 半年用掉 4 %)

• 中國 12 億人口– 每人一個 IP ，需 72 個 /8

• 印度 10 億人口 ..

數位落差 - 網際網路資源分配不均

NAT 的缺點• 全球 1000 大公司有 70% 使用 NAT

• 但是 :– NAT 破壞全球位址唯一性– NAT 破壞點對點的透明性 ( 無法確認真實身份 )– NAT 使得 QoS 、 Security 功能及協定失效– NAT 使得某些應用軟體功能無法使用 (content s

haring, distributed computing, on-line gaming…)

– NAT 提高網路隱藏性的成本 (e.g. NAT 設備費用、位址轉換時間… )

路由表日益增大

* BGP Statistics focusing on the Asia Pacific Region *Routing Table Report 04:00 +10GMT Mon 02 Jun, 2003

Analysis Summary----------------BGP routing table entries examined: 125504 Prefixes after maximum aggregation: 78740 Unique aggregates announced to Internet: 59216Total ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 15264Origin-only ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 13228Origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 5992Transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 2036

Source: bgp-stats@lists.apnic.net

/1:0 /2:0 /3:0 /4:0 /5:0 /6:0 /7:0 /8:18

/9:5 /10:8 /11:13 /12:52 /13:98 /14:254 /15:466 /16:7413

/17:1679 /18:2976 /19:8434 /20:8477 /21:6139 /22:9041 /23:10639 /24:69277

/25:156 /26:206 /27:54 /28:32 /29:21 /30:21 /31:0 /32:25

路由表日益增大

Source: Apnic

.com 熱潮

採用 CIDR

網路泡沫化

IPv6 的優點• 增大的位址空間

– 128 位元– (2128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456)

– 足以分配給地球上每一粒沙• 階層性位址架構

– 增進位址聚集，減低路由表的大小• 高效能的標頭 (header) 架構

– 提高封包轉送效能• 自動設定 (auto-configuration) 機制• 內建安全性支援• 較佳的 QoS 支援

IPv4 與 IPv6 的比較IPv4 IPv6

Address length 32 bits 128 bits

IPSec support Optional Required

QoS support Some Better

Fragmentation Hosts and routers Hosts only

Checksum in header Yes No

Options in header Yes No (Extension Header)

Link-layer address resolution ARP (broadcast) Multicast Neighbor

Multicast membership IGMP Multicast Listener

Router Discovery Optional Required

Uses broadcasts Yes No

Configuration Manual, DHCP Automatic, DHCP

DNS name queries Uses A records Uses AAAA

DNS reverse queries Uses IN-ADDR.ARPA Uses IP6.INT

• Prime Minister of Japan– IPv6 Transition by 2005– 2001 年經費達 80 億日元

• Sony– “In 2005, all Sony products will be IPv6-enabled”

• 美國國防部– 2003 年 10 月起所採購之網路設備，也必需具備 IPv6

功能。• 韓國

– 政府於 2001 年正式宣示推動 IPv6 – 839 億韓元 (USD$83M) 預算

• EU Commission– 建議各國政府及工業界儘早投入 IPv6– 總研究經費達 1.56 億歐元

IPv6 in Taiwan

TW IPv6 Promotion Bodies

• NICI IPv6 Steering Committee– Established by NICI in Nov.2001

(NICI: National Information and Communications Initiative Committee )

– Proposed “National IPv6 Development and National IPv6 Development and Deployment ProgramDeployment Program”, now a part of e-Taiwan project

• IPv6 Forum Taiwan– Established by TWNIC and ITRI in Apr.2002– Aims to improve market/industry and user awa

reness of IPv6 – “IPv6 Industrial R&D AllianceIPv6 Industrial R&D Alliance”

• Accton, D-Link, ASKEY, ADMTek, Z-Com, Loop..

IPv6 Forum Taiwan• IPv6 Forum Taiwan Journal (Bi-annual)• Taiwan IPv6 Portal Site

– www.ipv6.org.tw– News, Articles,

Discussion Boards,References…etc.

• International Cooperation– Coop Meetings

• With JP in 2002, 2003• With KR in 2003 (July.5.2003)

– Agreement and MoU• IPv6 Promotion Council (signed)• Eurov6 Project (signed)• IPv6 Forum Korea (expected)

IPv6 in e-Taiwan Project

• e-Taiwan Project– 36 billion NTD (about 1 billion USD) allocated– Holds the key to the success of “Challenge 2008: thChallenge 2008: th

e 6-year National Development Plane 6-year National Development Plan”

– http://www.nici.nat.gov.tw • 5 integral parts

1. e-Infrastructure“Broadband networks will be fully installed with implementation of IPv6 and wireless LAN environment”

2. Ez Life3. e-Industry4. e-Government5. e-Transportation

IPv6 Deployment & Development Program

• A 5-year project (2003-2007)• Proposed by “NICI IPv6 Steering

Committee”• Missions:

– To help public Internet infrastructure upgrading to IPv6

– To integrate existing IPv6 resources and efforts from the government, industry, and research institutes

– To enhance competitiveness of local industry

• USD1,700,000 allocated for 2003

• www.proj.ipv6.org.tw

R&D26%

Standard &Testing16%

Promotion21%

Inrastructure& Application

37%

R&D26%

Standard &Testing16%

Promotion21%

Inrastructure& Application

37%

J P, 51%

CN, 4%

SG, 4%

TH, 3%MY, 3%

HK, 2%ID, 1%IN, 1%

TW, 11%

AU, 4%

KR, 15%

PG, 1%

J P, 51%

CN, 4%

SG, 4%

TH, 3%MY, 3%

HK, 2%ID, 1%IN, 1%

TW, 11%

AU, 4%

KR, 15%

PG, 1%

IPv6 Address Allocations IPv6 Address Allocations StatusStatus

12 2 2 2

7

12

Jan-Jun, 2000 Jul-Dec, 2000 Jan-Jun, 2001 Jul-Dec, 2001 Jan-Jun, 2002 Jul-Dec, 2002 Jan-Jun, 2003

12 2 2 2

7

12

Jan-Jun, 2000 Jul-Dec, 2000 Jan-Jun, 2001 Jul-Dec, 2001 Jan-Jun, 2002 Jul-Dec, 2002 Jan-Jun, 2003

Source: APNIC, Jun 2003Source: APNIC, Jun 2003 Government began to

push

Government began to

push

IPv6 的挑戰• Security

– No Universally Trusted PKI– IPSEC implementation is complex

• QoS – Communication between Qos Internet & non-QoS Inte

rnet• Standards

– Need more work on Mobile IP, Multicast..• ROI (Return of Investment)

– Not able to generate revenue at present• Unexpected social impact• …

Questions?