issn 0287-4601 日本法學 - law.nihon-u.ac.jp · martin häublein, unwirksamkeit...
TRANSCRIPT
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2015
ISSN02874601
JOURNAL OF LAW
Vol. 80No. 4February2 0 1 5
N I H O N H O G A K U
CONTENTS
Yasuei Kato, Administrative Police Activity and the Investigation of Crimes before their Occurrence (I )
Kazuhiko Nomura, Eine Kritik ber den Rechtsgutsbezogenen Irrtum
J. J. Bachofens Preface & Introduction of the Myth of Tanaquil A Study of Orientalism in Rome and Italy translated by Tatsuya Yoshihara
Martin Hublein, Unwirksamkeit missbruchlicher Klauseln in Verbrauchervertrgen sowie AGB als Beispiel fr die Relevanzvon Prventionszwecken im deutschen, sterreichischen undeuropischen Privatrecht, bersetzt von Yohei Nagata, redigiert von Makoto Nagata
A.V. Dicey, The Teaching of English Law at Harvard, translated by Hirokatsu Kato & Toshiya Kikuchi
Hiroaki Kobayashi, Auslegung oder nderung der Verfassung.Wer herrscht ber das Grundgesetz?
Sunao Kai, Supreme Court for Social ChangeThe Period of Warren, the 14th Chief Justice
Noriyuki Abe, An Outline of the Chapter 7-2 Taxpayers Right in the Framework Act on National Taxes in South Korea
Susumu Nakamura, A study in a thory of private international law about internet-dispute in USA
Yasunori Funayama, The Responsibility for Negligence in Judo Guidance
ARTICLES
TRANSLATIONS
NOTES
CASE COMMENT
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1
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1 G
iancarlo Conte C
onstabile
1824-1877
2 Joseph M
arin Adolphe N
ol des Vergers
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3 Jean Jos. A
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4 G
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5 O
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6 K
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7 H
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8 V
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9 V
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10 V
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11 C
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12 L
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15 P
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16 S
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17 L
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18 Herodotus 1, 94; S
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6
Konsum
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KSchG
A
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i
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A
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C
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March 20, 1834 A
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ii
iii
-
T
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T
he Teaching of E
nglish
Law at H
arvard
H
arvard Law Review
C
ontemporary R
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Harvard L
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Inns of C
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On the Job T
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R
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iv
-
narratores
T
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v
vi
vii
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V
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D
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law as science
the science of jurisprudence
observationassum
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viii
ix
x
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L
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avant, Gelehrtes R
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1
2legal principle3
P
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S
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V
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M
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xi
xii
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B
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codes
R
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xiv
xv
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Address
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4
4
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D
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D
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James Barr A
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June 22, 1846 January 8, 1910
T
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T
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xvii
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Jam
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T
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Anglo A
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T
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The S
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1921
A
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iii
iv
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Colonial O
ffi ce
handicraft
cham
bers
offi ces
science
-
professional school
1professional school
Jurisprudence S
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v
-
the Incorporated L
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class list
m
erits
1
vi
-
fi rms
2
country solicitors
-
devils
a system
of legal partnership
L
ord Bowen
2professorial school
-
3
m
axim
-
4
legal maxim
s
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C
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S
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Contracts
R
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P
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T
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-
exercise
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viii
-
the L
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the M
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P
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ix
-
an agreed statem
ents of facts
special verdict
dem
urrer
settled
5
judgem
ent
opinion
-
the M
oot Courts
-
6
x
-
H
arvard College by an O
xionian
7
xi
-
the F
irst Class
-
xii
-
jurisprudence school
xiii
xiv
-
institutional w
orks
1
123
45
-
12
345
1234
5
2
offi ces
offi ce
cum
laude
3
T
wo hundred
Two
4
law
yers offi ce
chambers
5
-
6 B
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Oxon
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i
ii endow
ment
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iii
iv
v
vi
vii T
he Reports
-
viii
William
s v Carwardine
1833
EWHC KB J44
ix P
ow Wow
x
L
ouis Dembitz B
randeis
Novem
ber 13, 1856 October 5, 1941
G
reat Dissenter
xi
university
xii
tutorial system
-
xiii
xiv
legal university
the S
trand
-
V
erfassung
Grundgesetz
1
-
2
3
3
1
2
-
5
5
4
4
-
7
7
8
6
6
-
9
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12
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10
11
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14
15
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13
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16
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-
18
18
19
17
17
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20
21
19
20
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23
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37
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in:FAZ vom
17.11.2013
2 B
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12013
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3 B
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12013
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4 B
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5 B
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6 B
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7 B
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909/06 u.a. ; BVerfG
,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Absatz-
Nr.1-151
30 P
ressemitteilung N
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.19
32 P
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.72
33 P
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,S.1f..; BVerfG
,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.77,78,79
34 P
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292013
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.80,84,
35 P
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.80,89
36 P
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292013
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.93ff .
37 P
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.96,97
38 P
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.98
39 P
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.101ff .
40 P
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r.41
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.107ff ..
8 B
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9 B
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10 B
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17 B
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20 B
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21 B
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23 B
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24 B
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25 B
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26 AZ.:2BvR 909/06 u.a.
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Sddeutsche.de vom
6.Juni 2013
28 E
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55 Pressem
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56 P
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57 P
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58 P
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59 P
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60 P
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61 P
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62 P
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63 P
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64 P
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65 P
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66 P
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67 P
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70 B
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71 B
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42 P
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43 P
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44 P
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45 P
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46 P
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r.41292013
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
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47 P
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r.41
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7.5.2013,Abs.140-143
48 P
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r.41
292013,S.5 ; B
VerfG
,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.144
49 P
ressemitteilung N
r.41
292013
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.145
50 P
ressemitteilung N
r.41
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,2BvR 909/06 vom
7.5.2013,Abs.147-151
51 Pressem
itteilung Nr.41
292013
,S.1f..
52 P
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r.41
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53 P
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79 B
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-
U
niversity of California, B
erkeley
1
Oakland
D
wight D
avid Eisenhow
er
E
arl Warren
-
4
T
homas E
. Dew
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5
2
3
-
9
1
S
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. 629
1950
T
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H
eman M
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w
rit of mandam
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C
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Change
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7
B
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oard of E
ducation of Topeka, K
ansas,347 U.S
. 483
1954
8
-
intangible factors
2
T
ravis County
T
exas State U
niversity for N
egroes 10
N
ational Association
for the Advancem
ent of Colored P
eople
NAACP
substantive
equality
-
S
eparate but equal
3
B
riggs v. Elliott, 342 U
.S. 350
1952
M
cLaurin v. O
klahoma S
tate Regents, 339
U.S
. 637 1950
George
McL
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-
H
arry and Eliza B
riggs
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R.M
. Elliott
C
lass Action
11
-
Oliver B
rown
Linda B
rown
2
D
avis v. County S
chool Board of P
rince Edw
ard County
Docket num
ber: Civ.
A. N
o. 1333; Case citation: 103 F
. Supp. 337
1952
T
hurgood Marshall
1
12
-
3
G
ebhart v. Belton, 33 D
el. Ch. 144,
87 A.2d 862
Del. C
h. 1952
, aff d, 91 A.2d 137
Del.
1952
B
elton v. Gebhart
14
E
thel Belton
W
ilmington
H
oward H
igh School
13
R
.R. M
oton High S
chool
B
arbara Johns
D
orothy Davis
-
Anacostia
John P
hillip Sousa Junior H
igh school
S
pottswood
B
ulah v. Gebhart
15
S
arah Bulah
S
hirley
4
-
17
18
1
Bolling
16
-
2
B
olling v. Sharpe, 347 U
.S. 497
1954
-
amici curiae
John M
arshall Harlan
349 U
.S. 294
1955
-
w
ith all deliberate speed 19
Southern M
anifesto
20
-
James B
. McM
illan
S
wann v. C
harlotte-M
ecklenburg Board of E
ducation 402 U.S
. 1
1971
w
ith all deliberate speed
James S
wann
-
A
ssistance of Counsel C
lause
1
Johnson v. Zerbst,
304 U.S
. 458
1938
21
22
special circum
stances
23
G
ideon v. Wainw
right, 372 U.S
. 335
1963
-
D
epartment of C
orrections
H
.G. C
ochran
L
ouie L.
2
C
larence Earl G
ideon
felony
-
Wainw
right
3
H
ugo Black
-
T
om C
. Clark
W
illiam O
. Douglas
4
-
At all tim
es the accused shall have the assistance of com
petent counsel who shall, if the accused be
unable to secure the same by his ow
n efforts, be assigned to his use by the governm
ent.
P
ieter K. R
oest
24
B
eate Sirota
6
circuit court
public
defender
5
-
1
D
anny Escobedo
counties
M
iranda v. Arizona
384 U.S
. 436
1966
M
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Vignera v. N
ew Y
ork
W
estover v. United S
tates
C
alifornia v. Stew
art
Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U
.S. 478
1964
-
2
E
rnesto Miranda
25
A
rthur Goldberg
-
1
roots
E
scobedo v. Illinois, 378 U
.S. 478
1964
3
-
29
30
26
27
28
-
2
-
32
4
M
iranda warning
1
You have the right to rem
ain silent.
2 A
nything you say can and will be used against you
in a court of law.
3
too far too fast
31
totality of the circumstances test
-
5
O
mnibus C
rime C
ontrol and Safe S
treets Act of 1968
P
aul Cassell
C
harles Thom
as Dickerson
3 Y
ou have the right to have an attorney present before and during questioning.
4
If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be
appointed for you before any questioning, if you wish.
5
If you decide to answer any questions now
, without an attorney present, you w
ill still have the right to stop answ
ering at any time until you talk to
an attorney.
6
Know
ing and understanding your rights as I have explained them
to you, are you willing to answ
er my
questions without an attorney present?
-
K
atz v. United S
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1967
33
D
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2000
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34
1
S
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1
search
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B
ug
B
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2
1
C
harles Katz
spike mike
2
-
2
Potter S
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Wiretapping and E
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35
E
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SA P
ATRIO
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3
O
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Crim
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36
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-
2
-
revengeance
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39
40
38
B
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1
K
u Klux
Klan
KKK
Clarence B
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niggers
Jew
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-
41
C
ourts ought not to enter this political thicket
42
B
aker v. C
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1962
1
C
harles Baker
43
P
olitical question
-
44
G
eneral Assem
bly
-
2
C
harles Evans W
hittaker
W
illiam J. B
rennan, Jr.
Joe C
arr
-
F
oreign relations
D
ates of duration of hostilities
V
alidity of enactments
Republican form
of government
-
one
person, one vote
1
Jam
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46
Jam
es H. G
ray
C
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3
45
Gray v. S
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. 368
1963
-
47
R
eynolds v. Sim
s, 377 U.S
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1964
48
M
. O. S
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E
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2
-
1
-
A
labama
Reapportionm
ent Act of 1962
C
rawford-W
ebb Act
-
B
ullock County
H
enry County
M
obile County
Jeff erson
County
Low
ndes County
W
ilcox County
-
constitutional convention
B
ibb County
P
erry County
-
initiative
2
-
A
be Fortas
H
omer T
hornberry
W
arren Burger
good governm
ent
-
3
Jerry B
rown
4
5
6
Chief Justice for S
ocial Change
D
.J. Herda
Enslow
Publishers
1994
1
The M
emoirs of C
hief Justice Earl W
arren
Doubleday
Madison B
ooks
2
A
lameda C
ounty
-
12
C
ity of Topeka
13
P
rince Edw
ard County
14
C
laymont
C
ensus-designated place; C
DP
15
H
ockessin
7
W
arren Com
mission
8
9
10
Thurgood M
arshall School of L
aw at T
exas Southern
University
T
hurgood Marshall
11
C
larendon County
-
19
with all deliberate speed
20
16
17
18
-
24
H
arry Emerson W
ildes
S
ocial Currents
in Japan
1927
Japan in Crisis
1934
Aliens in the
East
1937
Typhoon in T
okyo: The O
ccupation and Its Afterm
ath
1954
W
illiam P
enn
25
I do hereby swear that I m
ake this statement
voluntarily and of my ow
n free will, w
ith no threats, coercion, or prom
ises of immunity, and w
ith full know
ledge of my legal rights, understanding any statem
ent I m
ake may be used against m
e.
26
27
http://history.house.gov/Historical-H
ighlights/1951-2000/T
he-Southern-M
anifesto-of-1956/21 Johnson v. Z
erbst,
304 U.S
. 458
1938
22
P
owell v. A
labama, 287
U.S
. 45
1932
23
B
etts v. Brady, 316 U
.S. 455
1942
-
32
Illinois v. G
ates, 462 U.S
. 213
1983
W
illiam R
ehnquist
33
O
lmstead v. U
nited States, 277 U
.S. 438
1928
34
G
oldman v. U
nited States, 316 U
.S. 129
1942
S
hulman
28
for ages to com
e, and... designed to approach im
mortality as nearly as hum
an institutions can approach it
A constitution is fram
ed for ages to come, and is
designed to approach immortality as nearly as hum
an institutions can approach it.
29 C
ohens v. Virginia, 6 W
heat. 264, 387
1821
30
G
eorge W. W
ickersham
N
ational Com
mission
on Law
Observance and E
nforcement
31 H
aynes v. Washington, 373 U
.S. 503
1963
-
36
John S
inclair, Larry P
lamondon
John Forrest
W
hite Panther
B
lack Panther P
arty
35
T
itle
-
40
D
ennis v. United S
tates, 341 U.S
. 494 , at 507
1951
41 L
uther v. Borden
48 U.S
. 1
1849
T
homas W
ilson Dorr
D
orr Rebellion
M
artin Luther
Luther M
. Borden
37
W
ashtenaw C
ounty
38
http://www.soum
u.go.jp/main_content/000050881.pdf
39
unanim
ous decision
P
er curiam
by
the court
P
er curiam
-
45
46
F
ulton County
A
tlanta
47
The conception of political equality from
the Declaration of Independence, to L
incolns Gettysburg
Address, to the F
ifteenth, Seventeenth, and N
ineteenth Amendm
ents can mean only one thing - one person, one
vote.
48
Jeff erson C
ounty
political
question
42 C
olegrove v. Green, 328 U
.S. 549
1946
43
S
helby County
Mem
phis
44
-
1
1
2
-
2
5
3
4
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8
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1314
151617
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19
202122
232425
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7
8
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14
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
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16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
-
Berman
1
2
3
4
5
6
-
cosm
opolitan vision
7
8
9
P
aul Schiff B
erman
10
1112
-
15
Berman
13
cosm
opolitan pluralist conception of jurisdiction
14
1
affi liation
-
18
personal law
16
17
-
real world
24
2
territorially based
25
N
GOs
19
20
S
elf-Governance
21
a netw
ork of networks
22
w
ww
World W
ide Web
hypertext
23
-
26
GlobalS
antaFe. Corp v. G
lobalsantafe.com.
27
Jongsun P
ark
globalsantafe.com
Hangang
Anticybersquatting C
onsumer P
rotection 28
P
ark
29. com
V
eriSign
H
angang
VeriSign
G
lobalSantaF
e
Park
H
angang
-
31
Barcelona.com
, Inc. v. Excelentisim
o Ayuntam
iento de B
arcelona
32
Nogueras
N
etwork S
olutions
barcelona.com
B
com,Inc
N
ogueras
Bcom
B
arcelona
N
ogueras
H
angang
G
lobalSantaF
e
V
eriSign
. com
VeriSign
Park
V
eriSign
30
concerns of international com
ity
-
N
ogueras
barcelona.com
G
lobalSantaF
e
B
com
barcelona.com
no weight
N
ogueras
Bcom
N
ogueras
Bcom
D
L
anham
Act
B
arcelona
-
34
Yahoo!, Inc. v. L
a Ligue C
ontre Le Rachism
e Et
LAntise m
itisme
35
Y
ahoo!. com
36Y
ahoo. fr
Y
ahoo.com
Y
ahoo.com
Y
ahoo!
33
non-
local
-
37
Joseph H
. Beale
B
rainerd Currie
A
rthur T. von M
ehren
Y
ahoo!
-
F
riedrich Juenger
C
osmopolitanism
38
-
interest
41
39
40
-
higher
-
hybrid
44
42
43
G
raeme Dinwoodie
-
46
Cosmopolitanism
47
45
-
48
fl exible citizenship
-
inter-system
ic confl icts law
50
49
-
confl icts values
53
51
52
-
56
54
55
unconstitutional
-
P
ark
P
ark
P
ark
P
ark
G
lobalSantaF
e
P
ark
contacts
-
B
arcelona
.com
.net
.edu
57
Barcelona.com
-
Yahoo!,Inc
Y
ahoo!
Y
ahoo!
Y
ahoo!
Y
ahoo!
Internet C
orporation for Assigned N
ames and N
umbers
58
-
59
F. Hoff man-L
a Roche L
td.
60
legal im
perialism
Y
ahoo!
extraterritorial
Y
ahoo!
-
unassimilated otherness
61
-
N
GOs
63
62
-
64
D
ispute Settlem
ent Body
-
G
lobalSantaF
e
V
isiting
.com
.net
.edu
-
Yahoo!
B
arcelona.com
-
Y
ahoo!
F
. Hoff man-L
a Roche
65
Yahoo!
Y
ahoo!
-
66
67
-
B
arcelona
69
70
G
lobalSantaF
e
68
-
71
-
4
5
100
6
R
. Michelle B
oldon, Lon
g-Arm
Sta
tues a
nd
Intern
et J
urisd
iction, 67 B
us. Law. 313
2011-2012
. Andrea
Slane, T
ales, T
echs, a
nd
Territo
ries: Priv
ate
Intern
ation
al L
aw
, Glob
aliza
tion, a
nd
the L
ega
l
Con
struction
of Bord
erlessness on
the In
ternet, 71 L
aw
& Contem
p. Probs. 129
2008
. Tim Gerlach, U
sing
Intern
et Con
tent F
ilters to Create E
-Bord
ers to Aid
in
Intern
ation
al C
hoice of L
aw
an
d J
urisd
iction, 26
Whitter L
. Rev. 899
2005
. Carlos J. R
. Salvado, A
n
Effective P
ersonal Ju
risdiction
Doctrin
e for the In
ternet,
1
2
3
http://www.soum
u.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/
h25/pdf/25honpen.pdf
-
BERMAN, G
LOBAL L
EGAL P
LURALISM
A JURISPRUDENCE O
F LAW B
EYOND B
ORDERS,
Cambridge U
niversity Press,2012
hereinafter Berman, G
lobal Legal
Pluralism
Berman, id, C
osmopolitan V
ision
Paul S
chiff Berman, C
onflict of L
aws, G
lobalization,
and
Cosm
opolitan P
luralism
, 51 Wayne L
. Rev. 1105
2005
; Paul S
chiff Berman, F
rom In
ternation
al Law
to L
aw an
d G
lobalization, 43 C
olum. J. T
ransnational L.
485
2005
; Paul S
chiff Berman, S
eedin
g beyond
the
Lim
its of Intern
ation
al L
aw
, 84 Tex. L
. Rev. 1265
2006
; Paul S
chiff Berman, A
Plu
ralist Approach
to In
ternation
al Law
, 32 Yale J. Intl L
. 301
2007
; Paul
Schiff B
erman, F
edera
lism a
nd
Intern
ation
al L
aw
th
rough
the L
ens of L
egal Plu
ralism, 73 M
issouri L.
Rev. 1149
2009
; Paul S
chiff Berman, T
he N
ew L
egal P
lura
lism, 5 A
nn. Rev. of L
. & Social S
ciences 225
2009
hereinafter Berman, N
ew Legal P
luralism
; Paul S
chiff Berman, T
owa
rds a
Ju
rispru
den
ce of H
ybridity, 2010 U
tah L. Rev. 11; P
aul Schiff B
erman,
CONFLICTS OF L
AWS AND THE L
EGAL N
EGOTIATION OF
DIFFERENCE, IN L
AW AND THE S
TRABGER,
Austin D
. Sarat,
Martha U
mphrey, &
Lawrence D
ouglas, eds., 2010
.
12 U. Balt. Intell. P
rop. L. J. 75
2003
. Dan L
. Burk,
Jurisd
iction in
a World
With
out B
orders, 1V
a. J. L. &
Tech. 3
1997
. David R
. Johnson & David P
ost, Law
and
B
orders
Th
e Rise of L
aw in
Cyberspace, 48 S
tan. L.
Rev. 1367
1996
7
2
8
9
10 P
aul Schiff B
erman, T
he G
lob
aliza
tion
of
Jurisd
iction, 151 U
. Pa. L. Rev. 311
2002
[hereinafter Berman, G
lobalization
.
11 Paul S
chiff Berman, T
owa
rds a
Cosm
opolita
n
Vision
of Con
flict of Law
s: Red
efinin
g Govern
men
tal
Interests in
a Global E
ra, 153 U. P
a. Rev. 1819
2005
hereinafter Berman, C
osmopolitan V
ision
.
12
P
AUL S
CHIFF
-
5
22
A
merican C
ivil Liberties U
nion v. Janet Reno, 929 F
.Supp 824, 828-832
E.D.Pa.1996
23 A
merican C
ivil Liberties U
nion, 929 F.Supp. at 836-
13 B
erman, G
lobalization, supra note 10, at 311.
14
id
. at 490 ff .15
id
. at 542ff .
16
id
. at 490 ff .
Berman, N
ew Legal
Pluralism
, supra note 12, at 15-3
17 Id.at 15-9.
U
nderwriters L
aboratories, Inc.
the M
otion Picture A
ssociation of America
Internet
Corporation for A
ssigned Names and N
umbers
National A
ssociation of Securities
dealers
18 B
erman, G
lobalization, supra note 10, at 322.
19 B
erman, N
ew Legal P
luralism, su
pra note 12, at 15-6.
20
B
erman, G
lobalization, supra note 10, at
329ff .
21
-
27 250 F
. Supp. 2d 610
E.D. Va. 2003
.
28 15 U
.S.C.
2000
.
29
Network S
olutions
Id. at 1826-1827.
30
Id. at 1827.
31
Id. at 1829.
32 330 F
. 3d 617
4th Cir. 2003
.
189 F
. Supp. 2d 367
E.D.Va.2002
33 B
erman, C
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ision, sup
ra note 11, at 1832-1833.
34
Id. at 1833-1834.
35 169 F
. Supp. 2d 1181
N.D. Cal. 2001
, revd on other grounds, 379 F
. 3d 1120
9th Cir. 2004
,rehg grante
838.24
real w
orld
virtual
D
avid R.Johnson and D
avid G. Post, L
aw an
d
Bord
ers-Th
e Rise of L
aw
in C
ybersp
ace, 48 S
tan.L.Rev.1367
1996
, at 1367.
place
Id
. at 1378-1379.
25 B
erman, C
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ision, sup
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26
Id. at 1821.
-
49
Id
, at 1863.
50
Id, at 1861-1864.
51
Id, at 1864-1867.
52
Id, at 1868ff .
53
Id, at 1868-1869.
54 R
ESTATEMENT
SECOND
OF C
ONFLICT OF L
AWS,
117 cmt. C
1971
.
55
Id. 92.
56 B
erman, C
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ision, sup
ra note 11, at 1869-1872.
57
Id, at 1872-1874.
58
Id, at 1874-1877.
59
Id, at 1877-1879.
60 124 S
. Ct. 2359
2004
.61 B
erman, C
osmopolitan V
ision, sup
ra note 11, at 1879-1882.
62 B
erman, N
ew Legal P
luralism, su
pra note 12, at 15-
en banc, 399 F.3d 1010
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.
Y
ahoo!
Y
ahoo!, Inc. v. LICRA
Y
ahoo!
36 U
EJF et L
ICRA v. Y
ahoo! Inc. Et Yahoo F
rance, Tribunal de G
rande de Paris, N
o. RG :00/05308,
00/05309, May 22, 2000.
37 B
erman, C
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ision, sup
ra note 11, at 1838.
38
Id, at 1839ff .
39
Id, at 1839-1844.
40
Id, at 1845.
41
Id, at 1845-1857.
42
Id, at 1852.
43
Id, at 1852.
44
Id, at 1852-1853.
45 Id
, at 1854.
46
Id, at 1854-1856.
47
Id, at 1856ff .
48
Id, at 1857-1861.
-
10.63
Id, at 15-6.
64
65
B
erman, G
lobal Legal P
luralism, su
pra note 12, at 286ff .
66
67
66
68
Bancroft &
Masters, Inc. v. A
ugusta National Inc., 223
F.3d 1082
2000
, Young v. N
ew Haven A
dvocate, 315 F.3d 256
2002
69
3
70
6
71
66
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/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /C