it management and strategies - dr.kanchit · 80286 80386 80486 pentium processor micro 2000 500 25...
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IT MANAGEMENT ANDIT MANAGEMENT ANDSTRATEGIESSTRATEGIES
ครรชิต มาลัยวงศสํ านักงานพัฒนาวิทยาศาสตรและเทคโนโลยีแหงชาติ
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หัวขอคํ าบรรยายFoundations of IT• Concepts, Strategy and Organization
Information Support Systems• Collaborative, Decision, Intelligent Support
Management of IT• IT Resources, Security and Impact
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FOUNDATION OF IT
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WHAT IS IT?Information Technology or IT consists of• Computer Technology• Communication Technology
And is developed on• Microelectronics, Micromachinery, Optics, and
Information Theory
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WHY “IT” IS IMPORTANT?“IT” provides ability to achieve “AnytimeAnywhere”“IT” helps obtain information for timely andright decision making“IT” helps provides directions for improvingbusiness strategies and tactics
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“IT” IS THE BASE OF BUSINESSAll large companies use IT as a means toconduct business“IT” helps link business with partners andcustomers“IT” helps the company to know whatcustomers want
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TRADITIONAL “IT” APPLICATIONS
Expedite business operations through workautomation at lowest levelEfficient operations at middle levelEffective business decisions for managementStrategic movement for the whole corporate
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“IT” IS CHANGING RAPIDLY“IT” is the only technology that changesfaster than other technologies“IT” applications also change at the lightspeed. What is good today may not beadeaquate for tomorrow.We need to quickly adapt to changes
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Evolution and Productivity Growth in InformationTechnology
Writing
Archives/Libraries
Printing
Electro-Mechanical Printing
Telegraph
TelephoneRadio
TV/Photocopying
Computer
Informatics
3000 BC
1000 BC
1500 AD
1850 AD
1900 AD
2000 AD
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Silicon Wafers
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Top view of 486 Microprocessor chip
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486 chip compare with a human finger
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Intel Pentium microprocessor
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Intel Microprocessor Evolution
100M
10M
1M
100K
10K
Tra
nsis
tors
4004
8080
8088
8028680386
80486
PentiumProcessor
Micro2000
500
25
1.0
1
0.11975 1980 1985 1990 1995
MP
Is
Intel microprocessors have doubled in transistor count approximatelyevery eighteen months, in accordance with Moore’s Law
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1
2
3
4
5
29,000134,000
275,000
5.5million
3.1million
1.2million
Number of transistors atintroduction (in millions)
80861978
2861982
3861985
4861989
Pentium1993
P61995
More Complex Designs
Since the 8086’s debut in 1978, the number of transistor on Intel’s x86 microprocessorshas increased by a factor of about 190. This reflects the greater complexity of Intel’sdesigns
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Since 1978, Intel’s x86 processor have steadily increased in performance. AlthoughDhrystone MIPs are no longer considered a good measure of CPU performance, they are theonly benchmarks that span all six x86 generations
Increased Performance
50
100
150
200
250
Dhrystone MIPs
0.33 1.2 5
250+
112
2080861978
2861982
3861985
4861989
Pentium1993
P61995
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Seven generation of memory chip (D-RAM)
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Evolution of Computer UsageScientific computationBusiness computationInformation explosionOffice automation intiationKnowledge management
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Responsibility of the CCProvide computing powerProvide instructions, guidance, and helpDevelop quality applicationsMaintain quality servicesProvide efficient networks
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Changing Nature of HardwareMainframes are downsizedPersonal computers become more powerfulMobile computing is commonPDA and palmtop are widespreadWorld Wide Web is computertainment
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Changing Nature of SoftwareWidespread of tailor made packageMore reliable through standardizationObject oriented paradigmNatural language interfaceVoice recognition
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Changing Nature of ConnectionAdoption of Client Server SystemIslands of automation become global networkProliferation of Internet connectionsDevelopment of intranet and extranetDevelopment of Web TV
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Changing Nature of ManagementUsers have become more IT knowledgeableInsourcing becomes outsourcingIT strategy merges with business strategyValue of investment is seriously consideredEmphasis on standardized integration
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Changing Nature of OrganizationsShorter line of management controlMore information flow between staffMore authorization of decision makingsMore knowledge workersMore employee and customer satisfaction
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INFORMATION SUPPORT SYSTEM
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What is informationResults of processing transactional data andother data by means of statistics, comparison,forecast, grouping, etc.Information is usually produced byinformation systems which are in a variety offorms and patterns
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INFORMATION SYSTEMSAn integration of computer hardware,software, network, human, and data toprocess and provide informationThere are many types of ISEach has its own functions and objectivesGood IS must be user friendly
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ระบบประมวลผลขอมูลTransaction Processing System
ฐานขอมูลระบบจัดการฐานขอมูล (DBMS)
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StrategicalLevel
Tactical Level
Operational Level
รายงาน
External Data
ขอมูล
ระดับของระบบระดับของระบบ
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Transaction Processing SystemMost basic systems to collect all transactionsand produce related documentsExamples: Cashier counters in 7-11, UBC billpayments by subscribersTPS create databases for use in other IS andmust be wisely designed
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Management Information SystemMIS uses data in DB to produce informationreports for supervisors and managersMIS concept has been developed long timeago but cannot be developed without TPSMngrs must be involved in suggesting whatinformation is necessary for decision making
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Executive Information SystemEIS provides capability to obtain high levelinternal and external information with someexplanations from analysis teamsExecutives have terminals to readinformation and search for some doubtfuldata in the database
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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMDSS helps users to predict and compareresults of the decision makingPrediction is through the use of models fromOperations Research, Econometric, etcDSS does not make decision for mngrs
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Expert SystemES capture experiences and knowledge fromhuman experts and put them in the way thatother less experienced persons can useES is useful in diagnosis problems, planningand schedulingExample is ES in diagnose plant diseases
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Office Information SystemOIS is developed to help executives, mngrs,and staff obtain the benefit of IT and ISOIS provides ability to send and receivemessages, data, information in the corporateOIS helps to achieve better communication
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Enterprise Resource PlanningAn integrated information system coveringactivities from transaction to decision makingand links to partners and customersVery attractive but risky because thecompanies that succeed in this are limited
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Customer Relationship ManagementCRM comes very strong at presentIt is a system that keeps track of customeractivities, complaints and contacts boththrough the salespersons and InternetCRM can help make better service tocustomers which result in satisfaction
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Mobile Information SystemNew kind of system which enable mngrs andstaff to work while on the tripTools: Lap top or Notebook PC, Modem cardfor connectivity, browser software, Internetmembership, and other softwareMost important tool is the Internet
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InternetLargest computer networkProvides connectivity to home, offices,schools, universities, companies, industries,corporations, government organizationsProvides several services: email, telnet,information search through WWW
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World Wide WebMechanism for public relations,advertisement of products and services,provide information both internally andexternallyA basis for e-commerceA tool for competitive intelligence
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Requirements to search WWWNeeded information is thereSearch engine is availableKnow what to searchKnow how to searchSense to tell whether information is true
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Information in the WWWMarket data for productsPublic relations materialsStaff directoriesCurrent newsGovernment informationPress releasesArticle reprintsWhite papers
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Information not accessible in WWWTrade secretsCommercial databasesCopyrighted materials (can be accessed byauthorized members)Fee based learning materials
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Important notes for WWW searchURL (Universal Resource Locator ) is anaddress of the websiteInformation can be text, picture, voice, sound,video clips or animation imageRelevant software is necessary to obtaininformation put in different formats
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HTMLAll information and documents are stored inthe form of hypertextHypertext is the information with links toother documents in such a way that it is easyto point and click at the indicated words andthe linked document will be displayed
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Web vocabularyWebsite is where we store our web pagesWebpages represent information as a set ofshort documents which fit in a few screens.Each screen is equivalent to a webpageHomepage is the first webpage of any website
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How does IS help executives?Ability to see what is going on clearlyAbility to forecast what is going to happenAbility to closely control all expensesAbility to work anywhere anytimeAbility to understand competitors, customersAbility to make right decisions
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MANAGEMENT OF “IT”
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Information ResourcesHardware and SoftwareNetwork and telecom equipmentData and databasesWebsite and webpagesHuman resources
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IT Resources must be managed!IT management is very vital for survivalMisinvestment may lead to disasterWrong choice of IT may be costlyNegligence of security may cause bad imageMistreatment of staff can be detrimental
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IT Management is changing!Traditional computer center or MIS center ischanging to assist management to thinkstrategically and work more efficientlyNetwork is gaining more vital for corporateCustomers must get what they wantUsers must get help and assistance rapidly
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IT Management in 2000Change from authority to facilitatorImplement new strategic directions quicklyGet involved with strategic decisionsWork more with users than with technologyDevelop knowledge base for the corporate
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Impact of “IT”Impact is on everyoneAll employees must learn how to change andadapt themselves to IT environmentUsers must be receptive to new technologyCompetitors are everywhereBad guys are watching!
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SecuritySecurity is a matter of life and deathLearn to have a sense of security protectionDevelop a mechanism for protectionCreate a scenario of disaster and develop adisaster mitigation plan
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Where are the problems?Natural and manmade disasters!Databases can be lost or destroyedDetrimental virus can penetrate networksUnhappy staff may destroy dataNegligence may cause a big loss
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Mechanism for Security ProtectionUse of IT protection such as FirewallUse of encryption to protect dataUse of backup to maintain continuityUse of password for loginDevelop a team of Computer Audit