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IT Server Architecture 1

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Mainframe/workstation (1-tier Architecture) 2 Mainframe Workstation (1-tier Architecture) Client/Server (2-tier Architecture) 3-tier Architecture Web service (4-tier Architecture) Mainframe Mainframe Workstation Mainframe ,

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Mainframe Workstation (1-tier Architecture) 3-tier Architecture Web service (4-tier Architecture) 3 Client/Server (2tier) Mainframe workstation Thin client, fat server Server , Client Fat client, thin server Server Client DB , , Client/Server (2-tier Architecture) Client/Server (2-tier Architecture)

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Thin client, fat server Client/Server (2-tier Architecture) Database Application Logic (Stored Procedure) Presentation Logic Return Result Execute Procedure

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Fat client, thin server Client/Server (2-tier Architecture) Database Return Result SelectInsert Presentation Logic Application Logic

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6 Client/Server (2-tier Architecture) ( ) DBMS , , LAN

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Client/Server (2-tier Architecture) Mainframe Workstation (1-tier Architecture) 3-tier Architecture Web service (4-tier Architecture) 7 3-tier Architecture , , 2 ( , ), 1 ( ) 3-tier Architecture

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Database Application & Middleware Client 8 3-tier Architecture

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9 3-tier Architecture Microsoft Transaction Server Tuxedo Microsoft Transaction Server Tuxedo Oracle DB2 MS-SQL MySQL Oracle DB2 MS-SQL MySQL

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3-tier Architecture 10 , LAN WAN

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Client/Server (2-tier Architecture) Mainframe Workstation (1-tier Architecture) 3-tier Architecture Web service (4-tier Architecture) 11 Web service 3-tier DB , , + Web service (4-tier Architecture)

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3-tier Architecture Database Application & Middleware Client 12 Web Web service (4-tier Architecture)

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13 IIS Apache IIS Apache Oracle DB2 MS-SQL MySQL Oracle DB2 MS-SQL MySQL Jeus Weblogic Tomcat PHP IIS Jeus Weblogic Tomcat PHP IIS Web service (4-tier Architecture)

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LAMP? 14 OSAppDBWeb LinuxPHPMySQLApache

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Why LAMP? Lower cost of ownership Reliability and Performance Security 15

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Why LAMP? 16

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Why LAMP? 17

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Linux Linux is a clone of UNIX Created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 The PC existed but it was commonly running the Microsoft operating systems Intel chip which did not support commonly Unix He started to create one based on the Minux source code Compatibility for Intel systems This meant it could be run on any generic PC computer systems 18

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Linux UNIX Operating system Internet was built on UNIX TCP/IP is a native UNIX protocol. Today 80% of the worlds Internet Web servers are using Linux. Commonly been used for the past 30 years. It was created in 1969 - long before Microsoft existed. It was the 1st worldwide commercial operating system. 19

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Linux 20

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Linux GNU Project Richard Stallman GNU is Not Unix! Free Software Foundation (1985) General Public License (GPL) Freedom to use Freedom to examine Freedom to redistribute Freedom to modify 21

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Linux Various Distribution Version Red hat Linux Most common Linux distribution. (Enterprise, Fedora) Suse Linux Most common Linux distribution in Europe, second in North America Debian Linux Offers largest number of packages. Slackware, Turbo, Mandrake, CentOS, Asianux, etc. 22

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Linux 23

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Linux Interfaces 24

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Linux Interfaces (KDE GUI) 25

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Linux 26 Supercomputer Router Laptop Mobile phone Mobile device

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Linux 27

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Apache Apache Software Foundation Independent US non-profit Volunteer organization Virtual world-wide organization Currently hosts more than 50 software projects More than 1000 contributors and almost 300 members Began as the Apache Group in 1996 Incorporated as the Apache Software Foundation in 1999 28

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Apache Apache Projects 29 HTTP Server Abdera ActiveMQ Ant APR Archiva Buildr Camel Cassandra Cayenne Click Cocoon Commons Continuum CouchDB CXF DB Directory Excalibur Felix Forrest Geronimo Gump Hadoop Harmony HttpComponents iBATIS Incubator Jackrabbit Jakarta James Labs Lenya Logging Lucene Maven Mina MyFaces ODE OFBiz OpenEJB OpenJPA OpenWebBeans PDFBox Perl Pivot POI Portals Qpid Roller Santuario ServiceMix Shindig Sling SpamAssassin STDCXX Struts Subversion Synapse Tapestry TCL Tiles Tomcat Trafficserver Turbine Tuscany UIMA Velocity Wicket Web Services Xalan Xerces XML XMLBeans XML Graphics Attic

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Apache Key Projects HTTP Server Ant Geronimo Hadoop Harmony Jakarta Lucene Maven 30 Struts Tomcat Wicket Xalan Xercess

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Apache A PAtCH server Open source application (free) Relatively quick and easy to install Supported on many platform Unix, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, NetWare, Mac OS X, MS Windows, OS2, etc. Modular design Allows for additions to the core of Apache 31

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Apache HTTP Web Server 32

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Apache High level conceptual architecture 33

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Apache The Core 34 HTTP_PROTOCOL Contains routines that directly communicates with the client HTTP_MAIN Startup the server and contains the main server loop that waits for and accepts connections HTTP_REQUEST Handles the flow of the request processing, dispatching control to the modules in the appropriate order HTTP_CORE Implementing the most basic functionality

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Apache Request Phase URI to filename translation Check access based on host address, and other available information Get an user id from the HTTP request and validate it Authorize the user Determine the MIME type of the requested object (the content type, the encoding and the language) Fix-ups (for example replace aliases by the actual path) Send the actual data back to the client Log the request 35

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Apache Modules 36

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Apache Standard Modules For URI to file name translation phase: mod_userdir: translate the user home directories into actual paths mod_rewrite Apache 1.2 and up mod_rewrite: rewrites URLs based on regular expressions, it has additional handlers for fix-ups and for determining the mime type For authentication / authorization phases: mod_auth, mod_auth_anon,mod_auth_db, mod_auth_dbm : User authentication using text files, anonymous in FTP-style, using Berkeley DB files, using DBM files. mod_access: host based access control. 37

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Apache Standard Modules For determining the MIME type of the requested object (the content type, the encoding and the language): mod_mime: determines document types using file extensions. mod_mime_magic: determines document types using "magic numbers" (e.g. all gif files start with a certain code) For fix-ups phase: mod_alias: replace aliases by the actual path mod_env: fix-up the environment (based on information in configuration files) mod_speling: automatically correct minor typos in URLs 38

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Apache Standard Modules For sending actual data back to the client: mod_actions: file type/method-based script execution mod_asis: send the file as it is mod_autoindex: send an automatic generated representation of a directory listing mod_cgi: invokes CGI scripts and returns the result mod_include: handles server side includes (documents parse by server which includes certain additional data before handing the document to the client) mod_dir: basic directory handling. mod_imap: handles image-map file For logging the request phase: mod_log_*: various types of logging modules 39

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Why MySQL? Small business Small budget Need a open system 40

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MySQL : What is it? A lightweight database server Fast Stable Easy to install Easy to use 41

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Business model Let everyone use it When their business grow, sell them services and additional software 42

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Technology Multiple storage engines Full ACID compliant (with InnoDB) Stored routines, views, triggers Built-in replication Built-in partitioning Event scheduler Plugin architecture MySQL Cluster 43

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Marketing and Sales Open the doors Optional registration on downloads Registration on some additional contents Events Offers and campaigns MySQL Enterprise tools User support 44

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Competition Small PostgreSQL SQLite NoSQL Big Microsoft : MS-SQL IBM : DB2 Oracle 45

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Popularity 46

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The LAMP Linux Apache MySQL Perl/PHP/Python 47

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History 1979 TcX 1995 5 Mysql 1.0 1996 10 Mysql 3.11.1 1996 11 Linux binary, Source 48

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History 49 3.23 MyISAM InnoDB Berkeley DB /

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History 50 4.0 InnoDB Boolean Merge Insert Auto Increment Select UNION DELETE libmysqld

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History 51 4.1 Prepared statement parameter binding / Heap(memory) B-Tree MyISAM OpenGIS SSL / Warning . MySQL UTF-8 UCS-2 , . GROUP_CONCAT() row

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History 52 5.0 (Stored Procedures) (functions) (Triggers) (Views) (Information Schema) (Server-side Cursors) (XA Transactions) (Archive Storage Engine) (Federated Storage Engine) (Instance Manager)

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Architecture 53

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Enterprise Dashboard 54

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Query Analyzer 55

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Replication Monitor 56

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PHP 57 Personal Hypertext Preprocessor Open Source scripting language Server-side language Especially suited for web development Returns plain HTML, no code Save file to server, view in a browser

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PHP 58 Hello world!

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PHP 59 Active web page

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PHP 60 Interactive web page

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PHP 61 Connecting to MySQL

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PHP 62 Closing MySQL

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PHP 63 Executing query - Insert

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PHP 64 Executing query - Insert