izdj.k frljs ^^ yksdekulkrhy ukx...

$: izdj.k frljs ^^ yksdekulkrhy ukx izfrekshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/87248/9/09_chapter-3.pdf517 vuqØef.kdk 3-1 izkLrkfod 3-2 yksdekul Eg.kts dk; \ 3-3 vfrekuoh ;ksuh$
516

izdj.k frljs ^^ yksdekulkrhy ukx izfrek **

517

vuqØef.kdk 3-1 izkLrkfod

3-2 yksdekul Eg.kts dk; \

3-3 vfrekuoh ;ksuh

3-4 O;arj nsork

3-5 Ukkx o ;{k

3-6 fulxZiwtk] o`{kiwtk vkf.k liZiwtk

3-7 liksZiklusph vksG[k

3-8 ukxiwtk % dkgh lanHkZ

3-9 egkjk”VªkP;k o egkjk”VªkckgsjP;k fofo/k tkrhtekrhrhy

ukxiwtk

3-10 ukxiapeh % dkgh lkaLÑfrd lanHkZ

3-11 ukxozr

3-12 liZfo”kgkjh nsork

3-13 liZ vkf.k dky

3-14 fo’opSrU;;qä liZ

3-15 liZ vkf.k fuekZrk

3-16 banz/kuq”; vkf.k liZ

3-17 liZ vkf.k pØorhZ lezkVin

3-18 ukx vkf.k lqQyhdj.k

3-19 liZ vkf.k oS|dh; {ks«k

3-20 ukx vkf.k dqaMfyuh ¼;ksx’kkL=½

3-21 panz vkf.k ukx % egkleUo;

3-22 panz vkf.k lw;Z % dkgh vuqca/k

3-23 o#.k % ukx & tykf/kirh

3-24 fo”.kw vkf.k f’ko % ukxkph ekuoh :is

3-25 ok:G % ;ksuh vkf.k ukx % fyax

518

3-26 dey] y{eh o ukx % vuqca/k

3-27 cyjke % vkfn’ks”kkpk vorkj

3-28 Ldan vkf.k ukx

3-29 Ukkx % ujflag % x.ks’k & ;{kizfrfu/kh

3-30 T;ksfr”k’kkL«kkrhy ukx izfrek

3-31 fnDikykae/;s ukxkps LFkku

3-32 jkgqfo”k;d dYiukca/k

3-33 liZ] iwoZt vkf.k vkRek

3-34 dqy] dqyfpUg vkf.k nsod

3-35 ;krq/kekZrhy ukx izfrek

3-36 Ukkxfo”k;d ladsr vkf.k letqrh

3-37 LoIul`”Vh o liZfo”k;d ‘kdqu& vi’kdqu ladsr

3-38 ik'pkÙ;kaP;k liZfo”k;d letqrh

3-39 fu”d”kZ

519

3-1 izkLrkfod %

^lkrR;* gs ekuoh thoukps fo’ks”k vkgs- ekuoh thou gs

lewgkus ?kMr vlrs- vukfn dkGkiklwu gh izfØ;k v[kafMr Lo:ikr

okgr vkgs- leku tkf.kokarwu yksdekul c) gksr vlrs- fofo/k

izns’kkrhy yksdekul leku izFkk&ijaijkauh ,df=r Lo:ikr fuf’pr

djrk ;srs- ekuoh thou gs vkfne voLFksrwu fodflr >kysys vkgs-

dkGkP;k vks?kkr fof’k”V VII;kaoj ,dlkj[kk la?k”kZ izR;sd ekuoh

lewgkyk djkokp ykxyk vlsy- R;krwup dkgh leku /kkxs&nksjs

loZp ekuoh lewgkr ikgko;kl feGrkr- yksdekul gs lqIr Lo:ikr

xq< o vfrHkkSfrd ‘kähapk vkJ; ?ksr vlrs- /kekZps gs vkjaHkhps :i

vlkos- ;krwup ;krqf+Ø;sus tUe ?ksryk- dks.kR;kgh lektkrhy

yksd:<h] fo/kh&fo/kkus] ijaijk gÓkk /kekZph fØ;kRed cktw vkgsr-

R;k lkekftd ?kVuk vlrkr- yksdekulkps vkokgdRo R;k ØekØekus

iq<s usr vlrkr-

/kekZP;k vkfne voLFksr yksdekulkr vfrekuoh ;ksuhauk

egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gksrs- dkE; bPNkiwrhZP;k iz;kstukus R;kauk vkokgu

dsys tkr vlr- R;krwup fo/khauh tUe ?ksryk- fo’ks”kr% oSfnd

dky[kaM vkf.k iqjk.k dky[kaMkr ;kpk izHkko vf/kd tk.korks-

xazkfFkd iqjkO;ko:u rs lgt ekU;gh gksbZy- laLÑrhps v/;;u

djrkuk fulxZiwtk] o`{kiwtk] pSR;iwtk] vu?kM f’kGkaph iwtk v’kk

fofo/k fØ;kRed cktwapk fopkj djkok ykxrks- ;krwu ^izfrek* fuekZ.k

gksrkr- R;k izfrekapk gsrw ok mís’kgh fuf’pr gksrks-

^ukx* izfrek gh fo/khaphp fØ;kRed] ladsrkRe cktw vkgs-

vkfne dky[kaMkiklwu gh izfrek yksdeukoj izHkko xktfor vkgs-

txHkjkrY;k toGikl loZ laLÑrhae/;s gh izfrek fLFkj LFkkoj

>kysyh vkgs- laiw.kZ txHkjkr liksZikluk izpfyr vkgs- phu] tiku]

520

Fkk;yaM] xzhd] teZuh] vkfÝdk] vesfjdk] bVyh ;k loZ ns’kkr

liZiwtsyk dks.kR;kukdks.kR;k dkj.kkLro ekU;rk fnysyh vkgs-

fdacgquk ekuokpk ewG iq#”k Eg.kwu likZyk ¼ukxkyk½ ekU;rk fnysyh

vkgs- _Xosn] ck;cy] dqjk.kkr ;kps lanHkZ feGrkr- lewgeukP;k

mRØkarhps rs vkys[ku vlkos-

izLrqr izdj.kkr liZfo”k;d Hkzakr dYiukapk ijke”kZ ?ks.;kpk

iz;Ru dsysyk vkgs- jktfpUgkaiklwu dqyfpUgkai;Zar likZyk ekuoh

lewgkr ekU;rk feGkysyh vkgs- fdaacgquk l`”Vhpk fu;ark] tud]

lagkjdrkZ Eg.kwu rks ekU;rkizkIr >kysyk vkgs- txHkjkr] fganw /kekZr

liZiwtsyk lokZf/kd egÙo vlkos- R;k dkj.kkusp likZps ekuoh :i

;sFks ikgko;kl feGrs- ikSjkf.kd lanHkkZrwu vkf.k yksdekulkrwu rs

lgt izR;;kl ;srs- fo’ks”kr% fganw] ckS) vkf.k tSu /kekZrwu fodflr

>kysY;k f’kYidysr o fp=dysr likZyk fo’ks”k egÙo fnys xsysys

vkgs- ea=ksPPkkj.k gs /kekZps tls vax vkgs- rlsp l.k& mRlo& fo/kh

gsgh fØ;kRed vax vkgs- Hkkjrh; tuekulkr ukxiapeh] dkstkfxjh]

ukx”k”Bh] vekoL;k b- frFkh gÓkk liZfo/kh’kh lacaf/kr vkgsr-

laLÑrhP;k fof’k”V VII;koj Ñf”klaLÑrhus tUe ?ksryk- R;kr vkfne

izfrekauk Ñf”klanHkZ ykoys xsys- frFksp liZ gk l`tudrkZ >kyk rj

Hkweh gh ÅoZjk >kyh- izfrekaps lanHkZ dkGkuq:i cnyr tkrkr( iajrq

R;kaph vkfnerk gh ukdkjrk ;sr ukgh- T;ksfr”k’kkL=kr liZ fo”k;d

fofo/k fØ;kRed cktw lkafxrysY;k vkgsr- ‘kSo laiznk;] ‘kkä

laiznk; ;kr liZiwtsyk vR;ar egÙo fnysys vkgs- R;krwup vusd

O;arj nsorkaph fufeZrhgh >kysyh vkgs- likZpk laca/k jkgwP;k

ek/;ekrwu iqutZUek’kh tksMyk tkrks- liZ gk dkGkpk izfrfu/kh ekuyk

tkrks- ;krwu /kekZph vfrHkSfrdrkp y{kkr ;srs- liZ gk ty] vXuh]

ok;w] Hkweh] vkdk’k ;k iaprÙokapk iz.ksrk vkgs- likZpk laca/k

vkS”k/khrÙok’khgh tksMyk xsysyk vkgs- ,dw.kp liZ gh cgqvk;keh

521

izfrek vkgs- lglaca/kkrwu vkf.k lkgp;Zlaca/kkrwu yksdekulkr frps

dk; LFkku vkgs] ;kpk ‘kks/k ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru vkgs-

yksdekul gs fofo/k Hkk”kkauh le`) vkgs- Eg.ktsp dks.kR;kgh

lektkr izFker% izfrek Hkkf”kd Lrjkoj tUe ?ksrs- uarj fryk

lkaLÑfrd vFkZ ykHkrks- ;kpk vFkZ fofo/k Hkkf”kd xVkr ,dkp

izfresyk osxGs Hkkf”kd i;kZ; vlw ‘kdrkr- o`=] banz] ugq”k gh likZph

:is ekuyh ikfgtsr- likZpk laca/k L=hP;k jt%L=kok’kh tksMysyk

vkgs- fo’okph uSfrd vkf.k uSlfxZd O;oLFkk yko.;kps dk;Z gÓkk

izfresus dsysys vkgs- oa’k{k;kiklwu oa’ko`)h i;ZarP;k loZ ?kVuk ;k

izfresHkksorh fQjrkuk fnlrkr- /keZ] T;ksfr”k] ;krq/kkj.kk

ekuooa’k’kkL=] ekul’kkL= ;k lokZaP;k vk/kkjs gÓkk izfresps fo’ys”k.k

egÙokps Bjrs- ,deq[kh likZiklwu lgL=eq[kh likZi;Zarps liZ

nSordFkkauh Lohdkjysys vkgs- fganw /kekZrhy cgqrka’k nsork gÓkk

likZP;k lkfé/;kr vkgsr- R;krwu R;kps v{k;i.k fuf’pr gksrs- izLrqr

izdj.kke/;s v’kkp dkgh ?kfVrkaP;k vk/kkjs yksdekulkrhy ^liZ

izfrespk* vH;kl dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk xsyk vkgs-

3-2 yksdekul Eg.kts dk; \ %

l`”Vhrhy xw<Rokfo”k;hph ftKklk o rs mdy.;kdfjrk

dYiusP;k HkjkÚ;k ekj.;kph mehZ ekuoh eukr ewGphp vkgs-

fo’okpk izkjaHk o var gk vuar vlY;kus vKkrkr Mksdko.;kph

ekuoh eukph LQwrhZ mlGh ek:u ;sr vlrsp o vl.kkjp-

osnkaiklwu pkyw ok³~e;ki;Zar fo’okps xw< lksMfo.;kpk iz;Ru

vusdkauh dsyk- osndkyhu ekuokps y{k izFke os/kwu ?ksrys rs

l`”Vhrhy peRdkjkauh- ?kunkV es?kkauh vkdk’kkr lapkj djkok] e/kwup

us=nhid fo|qryrk pedkoh] varh eqlG/kkj ikÅl iMwu Hkj?kksl

/kkU; fidkos o okgR;k lfjrkauh ‘kq) tykpk euqeqjkn iqjoBk djkok

vlk gk l`”Vhpk vfojr dk;ZØe ikgwu R;k Øekekxs dks.kh nsork

522

vlkO;kr ;k dYiuk R;kauk LQq: ykxY;k- R;k LQq: ykxY;koj R;k

nsorkaph izkFkZuk d:u R;kaP;kdMwu vkiY;k vkdka{kk lar`Ir d:u

?;kO;kr- v’kk dYiuk LokHkkfodi.ksp mlGh ek: ykxY;k- ;k

dYiuk lqprkr- R;k n`’;kekxs dks.kh ;kstd vlkok- ;k fopkjkps

cht euksHkwehr isVys xsys o R;krwup R;k ;kstdkfo”k;h vknj o

R;kph fouo.kh d:u thfor lq[ke; dj.;kph efu”kk gGwgGw ewG

/k: ykxyh-1 ;krwup vkfne yksdekulkus tUe ?ksrysyk ikgko;kl

feGrks- R;krwup /kekZph vkfne ladYiukgh izl`r >kyh vlkoh-

ekuoh thoukP;k vkfne voLFksiklwu :<hyk o letqrhyk

egÙokps LFkku vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs- ;k :<h vkf.k izFkk] fo/kh& /keZ

layfXur vkgsr- /kkfeZd fo/kh ikj ikMY;keqGs ekufld o Hkkofud

lek/kku ykHkrs- Eg.ktsp lektthoukoj ;krqdYiuspk [kwi izHkko

vkgs- vls fnlrs- ;krqdYiusps fu;a=.k loZ :< letqrhaoj vlrs-

^vfHkpkj* ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ ea=] tknwVks.kk ¼Magic, Charm½ vlk

vkgs-2 fulxZckgÓk lk/kukaP;k lkgk¸;kus fulxZØe vkiY;k rkC;kr

Bsork ;srks o R;koj fu;a=.k Bso.ks ‘kD; vlrs- ;k letqrhus

dsysY;k Ñrhauk o iz;ksxkauk ^tknwVks.kk* ¼Magic½ vls EgVys tkrs-3

ekuokyk fulxkZoj fu;a=.k Bso.;kph bPNk vlrs o fo’okrhy

vfrekuoh ‘käh fulxZØekoj fu;a=.k Bsorkr- v’kh dYiuk

vlY;keqGs ;k vfrekuoh ‘kähaoj fu;a=.k feGfoys dh i;kZ;kus

fulxkZoj vkiksvki fu;a=.k Bsork ;sbZy- v’kh Hkwfedk tknwVks.;kekxs

x`ghr /kjysyh vlrs-

Vk;yj] eWdfyuu] LisUlj o yWx ;k 19 O;k ‘krdkrhy

fopkjoarkauh /kekZP;k mn;k’kh tknwVks.;kpk izHkko lacaf/kr vkgs dk;\

gs ‘kks/kwu dk<.;koj Hkj fnyk- fulxkZrhy ?kVukaps lnks”k fujh{k.k o

pqdhps rdZ ;keqGs vkfne ekuo va/kJ)kGw dlk cuyk( gs ‘kks/kwu

dk<.;kps iz;Ru ;k fopkjoarkauh dsys- Ýs>j gk fopkjoargh ;kp

523

fn’ksus vH;kl djhr gksrk- Ýs>jP;k ers] /kekZps o foKkukps

lq#okrhps Lo:i Eg.kts tknwVks.kk gks;- tknwVks.;kph vk/kkjrÙos nksu

vkgsr- lekurspk fu;e ¼Law of similarily½ o lalxkZpk fu;e ¼Law of

Contagion½- ekWfyuksLdhP;k ers] ßfof’k”V gsrw lk/; dj.;kdfjrk

tknwVks.;kpk okij gksrks- vls /kekZP;k ckcrhr gksr ukgh- /kekZr T;k

izek.ks vk/;kfRed ‘kähaph iwtk dsyh tkrs- r’kh tknwVks.;kP;k

izdkjkr dsyh tkr ukghÞ-4 lektkr vfrekuoh vxj nSoh ‘kähP;k

vkfLrRokcíy [kksyoj fo’okl :tysyk vkgs-

vk|ru laLÑrhe/;s vlysY;k /kekZps ewG ;krqfØ;kae/;s vkgs]

vls ekuo’kkL=Kkaps er vkgs- vR;ar izkphu ekuokP;k n`”Vhus loZ

fo’okpk O;kikj vkf.k /kkj.kk ekuoh dYiusP;kgh ifydMs vlysY;k

,dk ‘kähP;k ;ksxs gksrs- gh ‘käh Eg.kts ^;krw* gks;- gh ^;krw* fdaok

^vlw* ok<fo.ks gk /kekZpk ik;k vkgs- ghp dYiuk yksddFkkr ^tho*

;k ‘kCnkus O;ä gksrs- ;krqfØ;k vkf.k /keZfo/kh ;kaps Lo:i lafeJ

vkgs- loZ /keZfo/khaP;k eqGk’kh ,dk nSoh ‘kähph fdaok ;krq’kähph

izkIrh d:u ?ks.ks gk mís’k gksrk- ;k ‘kähph ewG dYiuk ;KukVÓkkrwu

n`Xxkspj gksrs- /keZfo/kh vkf.k ;krqfØ;k ;kapk mxe ekuoh laLÑrhpk

ewyL=ksr vlysY;k creation ritual e/;s fdaok ;Kfo/khr vkgs- vls

vlys rjh rh fufeZfrizfØ;k dq.kkykgh Li”V djrk vkyh ukgh-5

:<h] fo/kh] letqrh b- ckch ijLijkae/;s v’kk jhrhus felGwu xsY;k

vkgsr dh] R;kaps Lo:i Li”V dj.;klkBh ,dw.k yksd/kekZpk]

yksdfo’oklkpk vH;kl djkok ykxrks-

/kekZpk mxe dlk >kyk] R;kr ifjorZus d’kh gksr xsyh] gs

ikg.;klkBh yksd thoukr izpfyr vo’ks”kkpsp lkgk¸; ?Ókkos ykxrs-

ek.klkP;k /kkfeZd thoukpk izkjaHk dlk >kyk gs ikg.ks Eg.ktsp

ekuokP;k /keZthoukpk mxe] ewyL=ksr ‘kks/k.ks gk dYiuspk fo”k;

ukgh- rks la’kks/kukpk fo”k; vkgs- lkaLÑfrd ekuo’kkL=Kkauh

524

iqjk.kijaijkapk vH;kl dsyk- yksdkae/;s izpfyr vlysY;k :<h]

ijaijk] fo/kh letqrh] feFl~] b- ps ladyu dsys- R;krwu fujh{k.k’kq)

lk/kkj v’kh vuqekus fl) dsyh- fujfujkGÓkk miiÙkh ekaMY;k- R;kapk

vk/kkj izkeq[;kus yksdlkfgR;kph lkexzh gkp vkgs-

yksdlkfgR; gs tls ijaijkxr pkyr vkysY;k yksdekulkph

vfHkO;äh vlrs- rlsp vkfndkGkiklwu pkyr vkysY;k

yksdthoukphgh vfHkO;äh vlrs- :<h] ijaijk] yksdHkze]

yksdfo’okl] yksdletqrh ;krwu vkfne thoukps dkgh vo’ks”k

‘kks/krk ;srkr- v’kk yksdekulkpk vkfo”dkj gk dsoG ‘kCn

ek/;ekrwup gksrks vls ukgh rj rks :<h] izFkk] fo/kh] yksdHkze]

yksdletqrh] yksdfo’okl b- vusd ekxkZuh gksr vlrks- gÓkk

yksdlkfgR;kP;k fØ;kRed cktw vkgsr- vktgh lektkrhy fofo/k

tkrh tekrhrhy dqVqackae/;s vusd :<h&izFkk ikGY;k tkrkuk

fnlrkr- yksdHkze yksdletqrhpk ixMk yksdeukoj vlysyk

ikgko;kl feGrks- vkfne thoukpk R;kaP;k laLÑrhpk vkf.k R;kaP;k

yksdekulkpk ‘kks/k ?ksrk vls fnlrs dh] vXuh] o#.k] ok;w b-

fulxkZrhy ‘kähauk R;kauh nsoRo fnys gksrs- fulxkZP;k ;k ‘kähr

nsoRo vkgs- gh vkfne dkGkiklwu izpfyr vlysyh letwr vktgh

:< vlY;kps fnlrs-

laLÑrhph tM.k?kM.k yksdekulkrwu gksr vlrs-

yksdlaLÑrhP;k fufeZrhekxs fryk izokfgr Bso.;kr vkf.k

yksdlaLÑrhpk Lohdkj dj.;kr yksdekul egÙokps dk;Z djhr

vlrs- Eg.kwup yksdekulkph vfHkO;äh fdaaok yksdekulkP;k

Ñrh&mäh Eg.kts yksdlaLÑrh vls Eg.krk ;srs- yksdlewgkrhy

,[kk|k O;fäeukr ,[kknk Hkko] ,[kknk fopkj fdaok ,[kkns rÙo

izFke fuekZ.k gksrs- R;kP;k eukrhy gk ?kVd vU; O;fäaiq<s tsOgk ;srks

rsOgk R;k ?kVdkpk Lohdkj fdaok fu”ks/k dsyk tkrks- gh izfØ;k

525

gks.;klkBh yksdlewgkrhy O;fäeukr leku ?kVd vl.ks vko’;d

vlrs- O;fäeukr gs ?kVd fLFkr dj.;kps dk;Z ijaijsdMwu gksr

vlrs- yksdekul gs yksdkfo”dkjkph l`tZu’khy Hkweh vkgs- ijaijk

tru d:u Bso.;kps foy{k.k lkeF;Z yksdekulkr vlrs-6

euq”;krhy lewgizÑrh fdaok la?kizo`Ùkh] l`tu’khyrk]

dYiuk’käh ;kaps eksBs lqjs[k izfrfcac /kkfeZd lewgkP;k ozrkpj.kkrwu

vkf.k l.k mRlokarwu izdV gksrs- lewgkph J)k izdV gksrs- J)k gh

/kkfeZd thouklkBh vko’;d vlrs- ykSfdd /kekZr vusdfo/k

letqrh izpfyr vkgsr- ;k loZ letqrhapk mxe gks.;kl o R;k

oGo.;kl lwpuk] vuqdj.k] vKku] ykSfdd dkeukiwrhZ] cqokckth]

ekuoh eukph detksjh gs ?kVd dkj.khHkwr vlrkr-

lektke/;s T;k :<h izpfyr vlrkr- R;kaph mRiÙkh d’kh

>kyh- ;k laca/kh fuf’pr fl)kar ekaMrk ;sr ukgh- :<h gh oS;fäd

ckc ulrs rj rh ,d lkekftd ?kVuk vkgs- ek.klkP;k okx.;krhy

dkgh lo;h lektkus ekU; dsysY;k vlrkr- lektksi;ksxh

vlY;keqGs lektkus LohdkjysY;k vlrkr- R;kauk lkekftd egÙo

izkIr gksrs- v’kk lo;hrwup iq<s :<h fuekZ.k gksrkr- f=UlcxZP;k ers]

ß:<h gh orZukpk vkn’kZ vlrs- :<hcíy yksdkaP;k euke/;s dkgh

fLFkjHkko fuekZ.k >kysys vlrkr- :<h Hkksorh dkgh letqrh fuekZ.k

gksrkr-Þ7 ;krwup yksdekul ?kMr vlrs-

3-3 vfrekuoh ;ksuh %

ftP;k fBdk.kh fnO; rst vFkok lkeF;Z vlrs- rh nsork

gks;- ;k pjkpjk HkkSfrd l`”VhP;k ifydMs vn`’;] vO;ä o

dYiukjE; v’kh ,d nqljh l`”Vh dfYiysyh vkgs- fryk nSorl`”Vh

Eg.krkr- nSorl`”Vh Eg.kts nsorkapk ilkjk gks;- nSorl`”Vhps mxeLFkku

ikgk;ps rj ekuol`”VhP;k eqGki;Zar tkos ykxsy- ekuokyk R;kP;k

vkfne voLFksrp nsorkapk lk{kkRdkj fdaok izrhrh >kyh- ekuokyk

526

vxnh izkjafHkd voLFksrp nsokph vifjgk;Z v’kh xjt Hkklyh vkf.k

R;kus nso ukokps ,d rÙo ‘kks/kwu dk<ys- ;k nsodYiusP;k eqGk’kh

dks.krh Hkkouk vlw ‘kdsy] ;kpk ‘kks/k ?ksrk ?ksrk cgqrsd la’kks/kd

,dkp fu.kZ;koj vkys vkgsr- rks fu.kZ; gk dh ek.klkyk R;kP;k

HkksorkyP;k iapegkHkwrkaps ts Hk; okVys] R;k Hk;krwup loZizFke nso

ukokps rÙo mxe ikoys-8 fnO; nsork] varfj{k nsork] ikfFkZo nsork]

vewrZnsork] L=hnsork] ;qXensork] nsorkla?k] _Xosnh; nsork]

;tqosZnkrhy nsork] vFkoZosnkrhy nsork] mifu”knkrhy nsork] ikSjkf.kd

nsork] xzke nsork] dqynsork] ‘kwnznsork o vfrekuoh nsork vls

fofo/k izdkj dfYiysys vkgsr-

vfrekuoh nsork Eg.kts ekuo vkf.k nso ;k nksgksaP;k e/;s

,dk nsoln`’; ;ksuhph dYiuk dsysyh vkgs- ;k ;ksuhr vusd

tkfrla?k vkgsr- ukx] fo|k/kj] vIljk] ;{k] jk{kl] xa/koZ] fdéj]

fi’kkp] xqgÓkd] fl) vkf.k Hkwr v’kh R;k la?kkph ukos vkgsr-

nsokais{kk ;kaps lkeF;Z deh( i.k ekuokais{kk eksBs vkf.k vn~Hkqr Eg.kwu

R;kauk vfrekuoh EgVys vkgs- ;k ;ksuhrys ts tkfrla?k nsok ekuokaP;k

e/;s jkgwu nksUgh fBdk.kh vkiyk laca/k Bsorkr- xa/koZ] ;{k] fdéj gs

izFke Js.khrys o LoxkZlaca/kh ekuys tkrkr- ;kr xa/kokZcjkscjp

vIljkgh ;srkr- ukx o jk{kl gs ikrkylaca/kh o nsofojks/kd x.kys

tkrkr- ;kaph Js.kh nqljh] xqgÓkd] fo|k/kj] fl)] ;kaph Js.kh frljh

o fi’kkpkaph pkSFkh-9 vejdks’kke/;s vfrekouh ;ksuhrhy [kkyhy

ukos fnysyh vkgsr-

ßfo|k/kjkIljks ;{k j{kks xU/koZ fdUujk%

fi’kkps xqgÓkd% fl/nh Hkwrks·eh nso;ksu;%Þ10

MkW- nqxkZckbZ Hkkxor ;kauh vfrekuoh ;ksuhaph lkekU; oSf’k”VÓks

lkafxrysyh vkgsr-11 rh v’kh&

1- R;kauk ekf;d fl)h izkIr vlrkr-

527

2- R;kauk vkdk’klapkj lqyHk vkgs-

3- R;kauk vn`’; gksrk ;srs o :i ikyVrk ;srs-

4- R;kauk dyk] laxhr] u`R;kr izkfo.; vlrs-

5- ekuoka'kh laHkksx R;kauk djrk ;srks-

6- R;kaph ekuokiklwu >kysyh viR;s ekuoh vlrkr-

7- i{;kaizek.ks R;kauk mMrkauk ia[k ykxr ukghr xa/koZ

fo|k/kjkauk ekGkaP;k lkeF;kZus mMrk ;srs-

8- fnolkais{kk jkf=lapkj R;kauk vkoMrks-

9- ekuokP;k nSokps izeq[k lkgk¸;d fdaok fo?kkrd Eg.kwu

R;kaps egÙo vkgs-

10- ;kauk vkS”k/kh ouLirhps lw{e Kku vlrs-

11- lkekU;r% f’ko gs ;kaps mikL; nSor vlrs-

12- rs ek;sus cka/kysys vlrkr-

jkek;.k] ekgkHkkjr] tkrddFkk vkf.k tSupw.khZ ;k loZ

dFkkok³~e;kr vfrekuoh ;ksuhps lanHkZ izlaxijRos vkysys vkgsr-

iwoZtUeh dsysY;k lqd`rkeqGs nsoyksdkr L=h&iq#”kkauk xa/koZ] vIljkapk

tUe feGrks- xak/kohZ Eg.kts vIljk- xa/kokZuk xk;u vkoMrs- vIljk

u`R;kfiz; vlrkr- oh.kk] ok|s vkf.k xk;u ;kaP;k Lojkaps fBdk.kh

vklä gksr vlwu /kwikps fBdk.kh vR;ar vklDr vlrs- fryk xka/kohZ

Eg.kkos- th izk;gh Luku dj.kkjh lqxa/k;qDr e|] ekal b- Lor%l fiz;

vlysys inkFkZ Hk{k.k dj.kkjh vkf.k o`{k vkf.k mious ;kaP;k fBdk.kh

vklä vlrs- fryk xka/kohZ Eg.kkos] vlk mYys[k Hkfo”;iqjk.kkr

czkã.kiokZr lkiMrks- vfrekuoh ;ksuhaph loZ oSf’k”VÓks ukxke/;s

ikgko;kl feGrkr-

3-4 O;arj nsork %

O;arj nsork Eg.kts vfrekuoh nsorkapk ,d izdkj- gs loZ

vkfnoklhaps Eg.kts vk;kZP;k iwohZp bFks clysY;k tekrhps nso gksr]

528

vls ,d er vkgs- vk;kZauh ;k nsorkauk xkS.k LFkku fnY;keqGs ;kauk

O;arj nsork EgVys xsys- eq[; nsorkaps lsod fdaok ‘k=w Eg.kwu R;kaph

o.kZus iqjk.kkr vk<Grkr- f’kYikrgh ;k nsorkaps n’kZu v’kkp izdkjs

?kMrs-12 ;kauk yksdnsorkaps LFkku iznku dj.;kr vkysys vkgs-

ea=lkeF;Z] vkS”k/kh] ;krqfØ;k vkfnaP;k lkgk¸;kus ;k {kqnz nsorkaph

ihMk nwj dj.;kpk i)r’khj iz;Rugh dsyk tkrks-

oSfnd vk;kZaps thou ;Kiz/kku gksrs- R;kr fujfujkGÓkk nsorkaP;k

okf”kZd mRlokauk LFkku fnlr ukgh- R;ko:u nsorkaps gs okf”kZd mRlo

vk;sZrjkaps vlkos vls okVrs- fxfjeg] Ldaneg] ukxiwtk] unhiwtk]

;{kiwtk] o`{kiwtk gs i;kZ;kus {kqnzksikluspsp izdkj gksr] vls EgVys

ikfgts- ;{k gs {kqnz nso vlwu egkHkkjrkr cÚ;kp fBdk.kh ;{kksRlokpk

mYys[k vk<Grks- tkrdkrgh u{k=ko:u ;{kkaps mRlo dsys tkr

vlY;kps lanHkZ vkgsr- o`{kkoj vusd nsorkapk fuokl vlrks v’kh

letwr vkgs- R;keqGs >kMkauk =kl fnyk rj R;k nsork :”V gksrhy

vkf.k R;kaph iwtk dsyh rj R;k izlé gksrhy ;k fo’oklkrwup

o`{kiwtsyk izkjaHk >kyk vlkok-13

osndkGkr vk;ZsrjkaP;k yksdnsorkaps mRlo dsys tkr- ;k

mRlokyk yksd eksBÓkk J/nsus ter- yksdnsorkaP;k mRlokps dkgh

mYys[k tSuxazFkkr .kk;k/kEedgk ¼Kkrk/keZdFkk½] [kaneg ¼Ldaneg½]

:ítÙkk ¼#nz;k=k½] f’kotÙkk ¼f’ko;k=k½] ukxtÙkk ¼ukx;k=k½]

tD[ktÙkk ¼;{k;k=k½] HkwrtÙkk ¼Hkwr;k=k½] l[ktÙkk ¼o`{k;k=k½ ;k

izek.ks vk<Grkr- ckS)lfgR;kr ekuox`gÓk lw=kr] Hkxon~xhrsr]

eRL;iqjk.kkr vkf.k laLÑr lkfgR;krgh yksdnsorkaps mYys[k vkysys

vkgsr- R;ko:u vkfnekaP;k nsoladYiuso:u iwftY;k tk.kkÚ;k

iwtk:i izrhdkauk yksdnsorkauk yksdekulkr o yksdthoukr

feGkysY;k J)sP;k LFkkukps Lo:i y{kkr ;srs-14

529

iq”ik f=yksdsdj ;kaP;k ers] ßvk;Z&vuk;kZapk ladj tltlk

ok<r xsyk rlr’kk nsoeaMGkP;kgh d{kk foLrkjr jkfgY;k-

nsoizHkkoGhr R;krhy vusdakuk eq[; Eg.kwu tjh ukgh rjh nq¸;e

nsork Eg.kwu LFkku feGkys- Hkähyk /kekZr tltls cyoÙkj LFkku

feGw ykxys- rlrls O;kid tuikrGhoj vkjk/;nSorkaph xjt ok<r

jkfgyh- R;keqGs ;k O;Urj nsorkapsgh Lora= Hktuiwtufo/kh tls

fuekZ.k >kys- r’khp R;kaph izfrek:isgh :< o n`< gksr xsyh- ;{k]

xa/koZ] fdéj] ukx] vIljk] fl)] lk/kd] fo|k/kj izeFk x.k b- v’kk

vusd nsorkapkgh lekos’k nsoeaMGkr dsyk xsyk- tUekiklwu

ej.;ki;Zar vkf.k ej.kksÙkj Jk)knh fo/khr lkgÓkHkwr Eg.kwu ;k fofo/k

O;Urj nsorkaps lkgÓk vkotwZu ?ksrys tkÅ ykxys- ;kr nsokikBksikB

;{kkauk egÙo gksrs- R;kapk Øe brjkais{kk lokZr eksBk gksrk- Eg.kwu

izkphu f’kYikÑrhr ;{k&;f{k.kh eksBÓkk la[;sus vk<Grkr- R;kauk

fnDikykr LFkku ns.;kr vkys-

;{kkizek.ks ukx gsgh O;Urj nsorkr iwtys tkr gksrs- ;{kkizek.ks

ukxkaukgh Lor%ph [kkl oSf’k”VÓks gksrh- ukoxkokfu’kh R;kaph vksG[k

gksrh- ojpk v/kkZ Hkkx ekuokpk o [kkypk likZpk v’kk Lo:ikr

ukx o ukfx.khaph iwtk gksr vls- R;kaP;k eLrdkoj QMk mHkkjysyk

ukx fpf=r dsyk tkr vls- vktgh HkkjrkP;k [ksMksikMh ukxiwtsph

izFkk :< vkgs- nsolaehyukr ukxkrhy ‘ks”k gk fo”.kwps okgu cuyk-

fo”.kwP;k ekF;koj ukxQ.kk N=klkj[kk mHkkjysY;k izfrek Hkkjrkr

loZnwj c?kk;yk feGrkr- fo”.kw izek.ksp ukxkpk Lohdkj ‘kadjkusgh

dsyk- R;kP;k xGÓkkr rks ef.kgkj cuwwu fejow ykxyk- f’kokP;k fyax

izfresoj Q.kk dk<ysY;k ukxkph fpjarj lkFk vlrs- gh izFkk vuk;kZr

pkyw gksrh-Þ15

530

3-5 Ukkx o ;{k %

;{k vkf.k ukx gs nks?ksgh tykP;k vkJ;kus fuokl djrkr-

;{kke/;sgh foyklfiz;rk] dkeqdrk] xa/koZfdéjkaizek.ksp vlrs- ;{kkaph

eus vf/kd papy vlrkr- egkHkkjrkr vkf.k jkek;.kkr ;{kkaps fofo/k

mYys[k vkysys vkgsr- nqxkZckbZ Hkkxor ;kauh ;{k vkf.k ukx ;kapk

lglaca/k izLFkkfir dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk vkgs- ß;{kkps tls xa/koZ o

jk{klka’kh lkE; rlsp ukxka’kh vkgs- dsoG lkE; uOgs rj ukx o ;{k

,d:ip vkgsr] gh dYiuk tSu lkfgR;kr o tSu f’kYikrgh :<

>kysyh fnlrs- ik’oZukFkkph lsfodk ;f{k.kh iùkorh fgpk o.kZ lksusjh

vlwu jFk likZpk vls o.kZu vk<Grs( i.k iùkorh ghp oklqdhph

jk.kh ifùuh fdaok eulk vlwu frusp ikjx jktkyk fdaok ijhf{krkyk

Ma[k dsyk v’kh gfddr iatkch yksdlkfgR;kr uhynkbZP;k dFksr

lkiMrs- caxkyh ukxiapehP;k dFksr eulkp uk;dkyk pkors] vlk

mYys[k vk<Grks- ikjx o caxkyh ‘ksrdjh nks?ksgh t.k iRuhP;k

ri’p;sZeqGs eulsP;k vkjk/kuseqGs cjs gksrkr- vls nk[koys vkgs-

ukxkafo”k;hps mYys[k rj fdrh vkgsr R;kaph x.krhp ukgh- ukxkaph

ok#Gs o:u nfjnzh fnlyh] rjh ikrkGyksdh vuar jRukaP;k jk’kh

vkf.k lksU;k:I;kps egky R;kaP;k ekydhps vlrkr- izlé >kys rj

dksVdY;k.k djrhy ukgh rj fo”kkus izk.k ?ksrhy v’kh gh tkr

vkgs-Þ16

;{k vkf.k ukx ;k laiznk;kph yksdfiz;rk loZp /kekZaP;k

vuq;k;kae/;s vk<G.kkÚ;k O;fäukekao:u Li”V tk.kors- dkgh iaFkkr

rj ;{k o ukx ;kaps loZlk/kkj.k mYys[k gh vk<Grkr- dkghaP;k ers]

ßxkSreh lkrd.khZ ;kaP;k dkjfdnhZP;k vBjkO;k o”khZP;k ukf’kd dksjho

ys[kkr tks ^vtdykdh;* vlk ‘kCniz;ksx vkyk vkgs rs nku

fnysY;k {ks=kps vtdkyd ;k ;{kkP;k ukoko:u iMysys LFkyuke

vkgs- R;k jktkpk iq= o okjlnkj ofl”Biq= iqGqekoh ;kP;k

531

dkjfdnhZP;k 19 O;k o 22 O;k o”khZP;k ukf’kd dksjho ys[kkr ,dk

[ksMÓkkps lqfnl.kk ¼lqn’kZuk½ vls uko vk<Grs- rs R;kp ukokP;k

;f{k.kho:u iMys vlkos- lkrokgukapk ukx laiznk;k’kh [kkl laca/k

vlkok- gs R;kP;k mRifÙkfo”k;d iqjk.kdFkkao:u Li”V gksrs- ;k

jkt?kjk.;kP;k frlÚ;k oa’ktkph] lkrd.khZph jk.kh gh cgq/kk ukx

tekrhrhy vlwu frps ukxfudk vls uko gksrs- ;kpk vFkZ ukx vkf.k

;{k gs vknjkl o iwtkvpkZl ik= gksrs-Þ17

HkVD;k VksGÓkkaps nso LFkkfud o LFkkf;d ulrkr- vlysp rj

v’kk nsokaP;k ewrhZ izrhdkRed] otukr gyD;k o gyfork

;s.;klkj[;k Eg.kwu vkdkjkus vkVksi’khj vlY;k ikfgtsr- ;{k o

;{kh ;kaP;k vtL= o lqanj ewrhZ dksj.;kph izFkk ekS;Z dkGkr lq:

>kyh- ek= v’kk ewrhZ fo’ks”k fo[;kr v’kkp LFkkuh vk<Gij gs

m?kM HkVD;k VksGÓkk LFkkfud gksÅu ‘ksrh d: ykxY;k Eg.kts

{ks=ikykfn LFkkfud o LFkkf;d nSors fuekZ.k gksrkr- tls yksd rls

R;kaps nso ;k U;k;kus [ksMoGkaps nso vkscM/kkscM vl.kkjp- ex rh

ewrhZ vk;kZP;k lalxkZus mRØkar >kysY;k x.kirhph vlks fdaok

vkfnoklhauk Hk;izn Eg.kwu iwT; okV.kkÚ;k ukxkaph vlks- v’kk

nSorkaP;k f’kGk vktgh [ksMÓkkikMÓkkrwu vk<Grkr-18

Ukkx Eg.kts liZ gsgh ,d ewfrZdysr loZ= vk<G.kkjs izrhd

vkgs- izkphu Hkkjrh;kauh ukxkykgh nsoRo nsÅu R;kyk vkiyk iwtk

fo”k; cuoys vkgs- ukxkae/kys dkgh nsok&ekuokauk vuqdwy o

lkSE;o`Ùkhps gksrs- rj dkgh ukx nsok&ekuokaps dV~VjoSjh gksrs- ukxkaP;k

loZp xks”Vh vn~Hkqr vlrkr- likZP;k nsgkr nsokps fdaok Hkqrkaps

okLrO; vkgs fdaok rks Lo;aeso nso vkgs fdaok rks ,[kk|k nsokps

izrhd vkgs v’kk letqrhauh dkgh ekuodqGkauh liZ gs vkiys nsod

cuoys- rks R;kauk iwT; Bjyk- dkgh liZ ik.;kr fdaok nynyhP;k

tkxh vlrkr- gs ikgwu ek.klkauh R;kaph tyo`”Vhoj vkf.k

532

tyle`)hojgh lÙkk ekuyh- liZ gk ok#Gkr jkgrks vkf.k ok:G gs

Hkwnsorsps izrhd ekuysys vkgs- R;keqGs HkwehP;k mitkÅ ‘käha’kh

R;kpk laca/k tksM.;kr vkyk- ukx fdaok liZ ;kaP;k fBdk.kh nSoh

vkf.k nkuoh ‘käh vlrs- v’kk J)seqGs ekaf=dkauh ea=&ra=]

tknw&Vks.kk] jksxkaojps mipkj b- xks”Vhe/;s likZP;k vkÑrhpk mi;ksx

lq: dsyk-19

Lkkn`’; ikrGhoj ;{k vkf.k ukx ;kae/;s cjsp lk/kE;Z

vlY;kps tk.kors- fdacgquk ukx gk ;{kkaP;kp tkfrla?kkrhy ,d

?kVd ekuyk tkrks- vls Eg.krk ;sbZy-

Hkkjrh; mi[kaMke/;s ukx vkf.k ;{kkaP;k iRuh ukxh vkf.k ;{kh

;k vk;ZiwoZ lqQyhdj.k fo/kh’kh lacaf/kr nsork vkgsr- T;kapk laca/k

gk —“kh’kh fuxfMr vkgs- fganw vkf.k ckS) /kekZae/;s ;k nq¸;e izrhP;k

nsork vkgsr- R;kpizek.ks nso] jk{kl o Hkwr fi’kkp ;kae/;s R;kauk

LFkku vkgs- Fkk;yaM vkf.k czãns’kkr ukx vkf.k ;{k ;kapk laca/k gk

jktfpUgk’kh vkgs] v’kk iqjk.kdFkk vkgsr- nf{k.k vkf.k nf{k.k&iwoZ

vkf’k;krhy ckS)/kekZrhy vusd fo/khae/;s ukxkaps o ;{kkaps ;ksxnku

vkgs- fganw vkf.k ckS) xzaFkke/;s ukx vkf.k ;{k ;kapk laca/k gk

pSR;kP;k cktwyk nk[kfo.;kr vkysyk vkgs- izkphu nsoLFkGkaP;k

fBdk.kh o`{k] vu?kM f’kGk] >jk] vks<k ;k fBdk.kh R;kaps okLrO;

vkgs] vls letys tkrs- R;kpizek.ks e;kZfnr Hkwizns’kkrhy laiÙkhps

j{kd lqQyhdj.kkps drsZ Eg.kwu rs vksG[kys tkrkr- ;kaph fo’ks”k

Lo:ikr iwtkvpZuk dsY;kuarj ;ksX; Lo:ikps vkjksX; feGrs- R;kp

izek.ks Hkwfexr laiÙkhps j{kd Eg.kwu dk;Z djrkr- gÓkk

lqQyhdj.kkP;k nsork vkgsr- R;kpizek.ks R;k vfgrdkjdlq)k vkgssr-

R;k vusd vktkj o jksxgh iznku djrkr- vusd f’kYidykae/kwu

ekuoh Lo:ikrhy ;{kkaP;k mtO;k gkrkr ryokj vkf.k MkO;k gkrkr

lqQyhdj.kkpk nzo inkFkZ vk<Grks- nSordFkkae/;s vkf.k

533

f’kYidyse/;s ukx gs o`{kkP;k eqGk’kh vkf.k ikrkGkr jkgrkuk

fnlrkr- rs ,deq[kh fdaok cgqeq[kh Lo:ikr ekuok’kh laokn lk/krkr-

;{k gs o`{kkP;k Qka|koj fuokl djrkr- R;kpizek.ks ekuoh :i ?ksrkr-

;{khaps yko.; ek= MksGÓkkr Hkj.;ktksxs vkgs- vIljklkj[ks frps

yko.; vlrs- fo’ks”k d:u mjkst o ?kksVho Lru R;keqGs rh

vkdf”kZr fnlrs- Hkkjrke/;s frpk laca/k gk lqQyhdj.kk’kh vkgs-

nf{k.k vkf’k;kr osxosxGÓkk /kkfeZd fo/khae/;s ukx vkf.k ;{k

;kauk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku vkgs- izkphu Hkkjrke/;s jkT;kfHk”ksdklkBh

pSR;kpk okij djhr vlr- T;keqGs ukx vkf.k ;{k ;kapk ojngLr

jktkl feGr vls- vusd tkrddFkkae/kwu ;kps lanHkZ ikgko;kl

feGrkr- vusd jktdqGkapk j{kd Eg.kwu ukx ;srks- tj jktk gk

vkiY;k drZO;kiklwu foUeq[k >kyk rj ;k nsork R;k Hkwizns’kkrhy

lqQyhdj.k ‘käh u”V djrkr-

nf{k.kiwoZ vkf’k;k [kaMke/;s vusd jktdqGkaph dqyfpUgs gh

^ukx* vkgsr- ckS) dFkkae/;s vkf.k fo/khae/;s cq)kP;k izfrespk

lekos’k dsyk tkrks- vusd ckS) dFkkae/kwu xkSre cq) ;kauh ;{k

vkf.k ukx ;k ‘k=wauk ijkLr dsysys vkgs- R;kauk Hkwizns’kkrwu gkdywu

fnysys vkgs- R;kpcjkscj R;kaP;kr ifjorZu ?kMowu vk.kwu R;kauk

nSohin cgky dsysys vkgs- vlkp izdkj ;{kk’kh lacaf/kr lq)k vkgs-

ckS) /kekZP;k vyhdMhy dky[kaMkr osxosxGÓkk Lrwikae/;s cq)kP;k

ewfrZiwtk dsY;k tkr vlr- rsOgk cq)kP;k cktwyk ukx o ;{k ;kaP;k

nSohxq.k laié ewrhZgh vlr- Jhyadsrhy vusd /kkfeZd fo/khae/;s ;{k

o ukx ;kapk lekos’k vkgs- cq)kapk tsaOgk jkT;kfHk”ksd >kyk rsOgk

eqpfyan ukx gk R;kaP;k ‘kstkjh gksrk- R;kpizek.ks xkSrecq)kP;k

egkfuokZ.kizlaxh eqpfyan ukxkus Lor%P;k ‘ksiVhus o rksaMkus

gokekukiklwu cq)kaP;k ‘kjhjkps j{k.k dsys gksrs- gk lanHkZ ukx vkf.k

;{k gs ckS)kaps j{kd gksrs ;kps egÙo iVowu nsrkr- rs dsoG laj{kd

534

Eg.kwu ;sr ukgh rj R;kaph ‘käh gh vfruSlfxZd ok vfrekuoh

Lo:ikph vlrs- cq) vkf.k ukx ;kaP;k laca/kkpk fopkj djrk ckS)

/kekZae/;s R;kaps egÙo y{kkr ;srs- cekZ vkf.k Fkk;yaM ;k ns’kke/;s

mixqIrkph lek/kh vkgs( tks ukfxuhP;k iksVh tUekyk vkyk gksrk-

lqQyhdj.kkP;k fo/khe/;s ukxkaps egÙo vf/kd izek.kkr vkgs- R;keqGs

/kkfeZd fo/khe/;s R;kyk Hkko feGrks- R;keqGs cq)kP;k Eg.k.;kuqlkj

lektkP;k osxosxGÓkk lkfRod bPNkaph iwrZrkgh rks djrks-20

;{kkaph fufeZrh gh dqcsjkiklwu >kysyh vkgs- R;kaP;kdMs

v/kZnSoh’käh vlrs- dkyhnklkus vkiY;k es?knwr dkO;ke/;s ;{kkaps

o.kZu dsysys vkgs- es?knwrke/;s ;{k vkf.k R;kph iRuh ;kaps dFkkud

;srs- ;{k gk es?kkauk Lor%pk lans’k ?ksÅu R;kP;k iRuhdMs ikBorks-21

3-6 fulxZiwtk] o`{kiwtk vkf.k liZiwtk %

fulxkZrhy fofo/k ‘kähaph iwtk Eg.kts fulxZiwtk gks;- ekuoh

thoukr fulxkZyk vR;ar egÙokps LFkku vkgs- ekuokP;k vkfne

voLFkse/;s R;kus fulxkZph fofo/k Lo:ikr iwtk dsysyh vkgs-

fulxkZr ?kM.kkÚ;k ?kfVr&v?kfVr ?kVukaekxs ewrZ&vewrZ ‘käh vlrkr-

R;krwup fulxZiwtk tUekyk vkyh vkgs- R;kr i'kw] i{kh] oLrw ;kaph

iwtkvpkZ rks d: ykxyk- iqjk.kdFkk vkf.k yksddFkk ;kaP;k

ek/;ekrwu ;kps vo’ks”k lkiMrkr-22

fulxZiwtse/;sp o`{kiwtsyk vR;ar egÙokps LFkku ns.;kr vkys-

oM] fiaiG] vkSnqacj b- o`{kkaph iwtk izkphu dkGkiklwu txkr loZ=

lq: vkgs- Hkkjrkrgh o`{kiwtk vR;ar egÙokph ekuyh tkrs-

vkfnekuokyk o`{k iwtuh; okVys vlkos] R;krwup o`{kkph iwtk izkFkZuk

d: ykxys- nso] ;{k] jk{kl] xa/koZ] fdéj b- nSoh o vfrekuoh

;ksuhrhy vn~Hkqr] vykSfdd —R;s dj.kkÚ;k ‘kähapk nkl mPp LFkkuh

o R;krgh izk/kkU;kus o`{kkoj vlY;kph ekuokph dYiuk gksrh vkf.k

R;keqGs nso] ;{k] xa/kokZfn ‘kfaaaäafo”k;h iwT;Hkko O;ä dj.;kpk izR;{k

535

i;kZ; Eg.kwu o`{kiwtk izpfyr >kyh- Ldaniqjk.kkP;k ers] ßfo”.kwps

okLrO; oVo`{kkr] ‘kähps vkezo`{kkr] banzk.kh o vU; nsoiRU;k ;kps

‘krkcsyhe/;s] moZ’;knh vIljkaps ekyrh o`{kkr] Jh—“.kkps v’oRFk]

rqGl] dnac o`{kkr] f’kokps fcYo o v’kksdkr] ‘keh] eankj] nwokZr

x.kirhps fuoklLFkku vlrs- gk ikjaifjd ladsr vkgs-Þ23

lhyoXx tkrdkP;k vk;fprHkÙk tkrdkr oVo`{kkyk cGh

fnY;kpk mYys[k vkgs- R;krwu xkopk ikVhy uolkrwu eqä gksrks-24

iqjkrudkyhu Hkkjrkrhy tekrhapk ‘kks/k ?ks.;kr [;kruke ch-

lh-ykW- ;kauh egkHkkjrkrhy ,d viwoZ iqjkok izdk’kkr vk.kyk vkgs-

egkHkkjrkr ;knokauk ô`{kk%* EgVys vkgs- ykW- ;kauk ô`{kk%* gk

fof’k”V tux.klwpd mYys[k vlac) ijaijspk okVrks- Eg.kwu R;kauh

o`{kk% ,soth o`f”.kdk% ikB lqpfoysyk fnlrks( i.k o`{k] ukx ;kaph

mikluk gh iwohZ Hkkjr ns’kh; tukaP;k thoujhrhrhy oSf’k”VÓkp gksrs-

lSa/ko laL—rhrhy fiaiG o`{kiwtkdkj vH;kluh; vkgs- gh o`{kksikluk

fofo/k :ikr vkti;Zar vfLrRokr jkfgyh vkgs- fiaiG gk iq#”ko`{k

fnlrks- rjhgh L=h vkfnekrk mikluk loZizFke gs fufoZokn vkgs-

v’oRFk gk iq#”ko`{k gks;( i.k gs uko Qkj izkphu uOgs- ckydkph

uXurk u fnlkoh Eg.kwu fiaiGiku cka/k.;kph pky vkgs- i.kkZ&vi.kkZ

gk ladsr cksydk vkgs- i.k _Xosnkr iqjh’k; ¼u½ iq#”k ¾ vkfnR;

ô`{kh* :ih vkgs- ;ko:u iq#”k ¼o`{k½ iwtk ;qxkr ;k lafgrsps ladyu

>kys vlkos gs fuf’pr vkgs( i.k ôu* vkf.k ô`{k* Lo:ikrhy

mikluk ekxs iMw ykxrs- fookgknh izlaxh dqyo`{kkph lkadsfrd iwtk

vktgh jkfgyh vkgs- ^v’oRFk% vfLe loZ o`{kk.kka* vls xhrsrhy

—“.k lkaxrks- gs y{kkr ?ksrY;kl ;kno ¼—“.k½ oa’kh;kr ô`{k*

mikluk vlkoh gs fuf’pr tqU;k pkyh fVdfo.kkjh ?kjk.kh ek= ô`{kk%*

vls lacks/kwu ?ksr vlkohr- Eg.kwu egkHkkjrkr ô`{kk%* vi:i >kys

vlkos-25

536

eksgatksnMks&gMIiu laL—rhr o`{kiwtk o izkf.kiwtk gh eksBÓkk

izek.kkoj dsyh tkr vls- f’ko&i’kqifrlkscr dkgh fof’k”V o`{k

vlr- R;ko:u LFkyo`{kiwtk ;k laL—rhr izpfyr gksrh vls fnlrs-

iwtuh; o`{kkr oM] fiaiG vf/kd vk<Gwu ;srkr- i'kqiwtsr eq[;Ros

o`”kHk iwtyk tkr vls- ygku ygku f’kaxkps rxMs cSy eqnzkaizek.ksp

HkkaMÓkkojgh fpf=r dj.;kr vkysys vkgsr- ,dk eksBÓkk o`”kHkk—friq<s

ureLrd nksu ek.kls gs rj m?kMm?kM o`”kHkiwtsps |ksrd vkgs-

cSyk[ksjht xsaMs] jsMs] gÙkh] gfj.k gsgh i'kqiwtukr gksrs- ;k i'kqiwtsps

vk.k[kh ,d oSf’k”VÓk Eg.kts i'kw o ekuo ;kaP;k vk—R;kaph

ljfelG d:u ok dYiusus R;krwu uokp izk.kh fuekZ.k d:u R;kph

iwtk dsyh tkr vls- ,dk eqnzsoj euq”;k—rh eLrdkoj f’kax]

jsMÓkkizek.ks ‘ksiwV o ikoykaP;k tkxh [kwj vkgsr- R;kP;k pkjh cktwauk

vusd i'kw vkgsr- nqlÚ;k ,dk eqnzsoj rhu MksD;kaP;k i'kqiq<s ,d

ek.kwl gkr tksMwu mHkk vkgs- R;kps Mksds ckjf’kaxh gj.kkizek.ks rj

ojps ‘kjhj cSykizek.ks vkgs- [kkyps vax o ik; ek.klkizek.ks vkgsr-

,dk eqnzsoj ,dk xksykrwu ,df’kaxh izk.kh ¼;qfudkWuZ½] cSy] gfj.k]

xsaMk] fpÙkk o gÙkh v’kk lgk izk.;kaph eq[ks ckgsj vkysyh fnlrkr-

ukxktoG clwu liZiwtk dj.kkjk ek.kwl vk.k[kh ,dk eqnzsoj ikgk;yk

feGrks- euq”;krwu ckgsj ;s.kkjs o`{k vkf.k o`{kkrwu fu?k.kkjh ek.kls gs

vFkkZrp o`{kiwtsps ekuoh:i vkgs- ekuoh thoukrhy nsoladYiukauk

ykx.kkjk lkaL—frd vk/kkj R;kuhp iqjoyk vkgs] vls rTKkaps er

vkgs- R;kaP;k mikluk izfrek ;k gMIiu laL—rhrhy ladYiukojp

ikslY;k xsY;k vkgsr-26

vusd xzhd feFkdkae/;s o`{kkaP;k eqGk’kh nSoh liZ fuokl djhr

vlrkr] vlk lanHkZ vkgs- bMu xkMZu ;k ckxse/;s vejRo iznku

dj.kkjk vkf.k pkaxys o okbZV lkax.kkjk Kkuo`{k vkgs- cq)kauh T;k

o`{kkP;k Nk;s[kkyh Kku izkIr dsys R;k o`{kkoj eqpfyan ukx jkgr

537

vls- e;ku feFkdkae/;s liZ gk iqutZUekpk ladsr vkgs- ukWlZ

feFkdkae/;s fuvksgkWaxj ukokph MªWxugh ;nz’khy ukokP;k o`{kkph eqGs

[kkrkuk fnlwu ;srs-27

3-7 liksZiklusph vksG[k %

laiw.kZ txHkjkr liksZikluk gh izkphu dkGkiklwu izpfyr vkgs-

;kps vusd lanHkZ ikgko;kl feGrkr- ukx ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ

ljiV.kkjk izk.kh vlk gksrks- ukx gk Kku] vejRo] xw<rk] ;krq’kDrh

vkf.k ifo=rsps izrhd vkgs- l|fLFkrhr vkS”k/k’kkL=ke/;s lathouh

izrhd Eg.kwu R;kyk vksG[kys tkrs- esfDldks] bftIr] cWchyksu ;k

fBdk.kh liZiwtk vkfne dkGkiklwu izpfyr vkgs-28 txHkjkrhy

yksdlkfgR;] feFkd vkf.k f’kYi’kkL=kr fofo/k vFkkZus ukxizfrek

mi;ksxkr vk.kysY;k vkgsr- esfDldkse/;s ukx gk ^uxy* Eg.kwu

vksG[kyk tkrks- phue/;s ^MªWxu* gk lkezkT;drkZ Eg.kwu ekU;rk izkIr

vkgs- MªWxuyk ^LoxkZpk iq=* vls lacks/kys tkrs- frcsVe/;s likZyk

^yw* gk ‘kCniz;ksx :< vkgs- xzhd feFkdkae/;s vFksuk gh ;q/nnsork

vkgs- frP;k ‘kjhjkoj liZN= nk[kfoysys vkgs-29

ukxkaps fofo/k oxZ Hkkjrke/;s dsysys vkgsr- R;kr LoxhZ;] nsoh]

Hkwyksdh vkf.k fi’kkp ;ksuhrhy liZ ekuysys vkgsr- czãns’kkr ukx

izfrek gh MªWxu] liZ vkf.k edj ;kaP;k la;ksxkrwu fp=kafdr dsysyh

vkgs- ukx gs unh&vks<Ókkr fuokl djrkr-30 nf{k.k Hkkjrkrhy

dukZVd vkf.k dsjG izkarkr liZiwtk gk egÙoiw.kZ /kkfeZd fo/kh Eg.kwu

ekU;rk izkIr vkgs- Hkxorh] dksjVh] dkyh] Hknzdkyh ;k

fofo/knsorkaph iwtk vuq”kafxd ikrGhoj dsyh tkrs- iqYyokj

tekrhrhy yksd /kkfeZd fo/khr ^liZe~ Fkqyky* ukokps liZu`R;

djrkr- dukZVde/khy iEcMk tekrhrhy HkS|k tkrhrhy yksd

ukxeaMy fdaok ukxkjk/kuk ukokps u`R; djrkr-31 liZ gs eafnjkps

laj{kd vlrkr] v’kh /kkj.kk vkgs- dacksfM;ke/;s cgqeq[kh likZph

538

iwtk dsyh tkrs-32 iqjkru tkxfrd dFkkae/;s ,d egÙoiw.kZ dYiukca/k

vkgs( rks Eg.kts oSf’od likZpk- fganw iqjk.kdFkkae/;s ‘ks”kkus i`Fohyk

eLrdh /kkj.k dsysys vkgs- fo”.kw gk R;k likZP;k ‘kjhjkoj igqMysyk

vkgs- gh ukxkaph izfrek lSrkukph uOgs( iajrq vusdnk liZ gk lSrkuh

‘käh ?ksÅu ;srks- tkxfrd feFkdkauh ek= lSrku gk dYiukca/k

Lohdkjysyk vkgs-33 liZ gs bPNk/kkjh vlY;kdkj.kkus rs v/kZekuoh ok

ekuoh :ikrgh bPNkiwrhZ] oklukiwrhZ djrkr- rs laiÙkhps j{kd

vlrkr-34 Fkk;yaM vkf.k tkok csVkae/;s cgqqeq[kh likZph iwtk dsyh

tkrs- Fkk;yaMe/;s Qk;k ukx] ikuliZ gs ukx yksdfiz; vkgsr- fofo/k

eafnjke/;s nSfoizk.kh Eg.kwu ukxkph iwtk dsyh tkrs- esdkWx unhe/;s

likZapk fuokl vlrks v’kh /kkj.kk vkgs- dkj.k ik.;koj likZapsp

vf/kjkT; vlrs vls rs ekurkr-35

phuh feFkddFkkae/;s vkf.k yksdlkfgR;kr MªWxu gs egÙoiw.kZ

ik= vkgs- phue/khy fofo/k dykae/;s MªWxu gk pkj ik;kapk ljiV.kkjk

izk.kh nk[koysyk vkgs- ;k MªWxudMs ty] tyo”kkZ b-P;k lanHkkZrhy

;krq’käh vkgs- rks tyfu;a=d vkgs- ;ax ¼Yang½ gk iq#”k MªWxu

vkf.k ;hu ¼Yin½ gh L=h MªWxu Eg.kwu vksG[kyh tkrkr- phue/;s

jk”Vªh; fpUg Eg.kwu MªWxuyk ekU;rk vkgs-36 MªWxups fp= dk<rkauk

?kksMÓkkps eq[k vkf.k likZph ‘ksiVh dk<yh tkrs- vusdnk MªWxuP;k

guqoVhoj ped.kkjk eksrh nk[kfoyk tkrks- tks laiÙkh] izfr”Bk vkf.k

‘kqHk ykHkkps izrhd vkgs- MªWxudMs vfrekuoh ‘käh vlrs- R;keqGs

rks vodk’kkr mMw ‘kdrks vkf.k ik.;kojgh rjaxw ‘kdrks- phu] tiku

vkf.k dksfj;k ;k ns’kkr v’kh letwr vkgs dh] ikrkGkr likZapk

jktk vkf.k likZaps iwoZt fuokl djrkr-37 phue/;s 9 gk vad ‘kqHk

ekuyk tkrks- dkj.k gk vad likZ’kh lacaf/kr vkgs- MªWxuyk uÅ

viR; vkgsr vls ekurkr- phue/khy vud LFkGkauk ^Nine

Dragons* vls lacks/k.;kr ;srs- fOg,rukee/khy esdkWx gs LFkG Cru

539

Long (Nine Dragons) ukokus vksG[kys tkrs- tikue/;s v”Veq[kh

liZ izfrek izpfyr vkgs-38

dacksMhvu nSordFkkae/;sgh likZyk vfr’k; egÙoiw.kZ LFkku

vkgs- dacksfM;ke/;s lIreq[kh likZph vusd eafnjs ikgko;kl feGrkr-

fdacgquk lkr oa’kk’kh R;kapk laca/k tksMyk tkrks- banz/kuq”;krhy

lIrjaxk’khgh R;kapk laca/k vkgs- vad’kkL=h;–“VÓkk fo”kela[;k gh iq#”k

ÅtsZ’kh] vla[;k’kh] dkGk’kh vkf.k vejRok’kh tksMysyh vkgs-

dkj.k loZ fo”kela[;kaph lq#okr gh ,d iklwup gksrs- L=hlfiZ.kh gh

i`FohrÙok’kh lacaf/kr vkgs-39 dkSafM.; gk Hkkjrh; czkã.k

dacksfM;ke/;s vkyk vkf.k R;kus lksek ukokP;k liZdU;s’kh fookg

dsyk v’kh ikSjkf.kd dFkk vkgs- [esj yksd gs R;kapsp oa’kt vkgsr]

vls ekurkr-40

bftIre/;sns[khy likZauk vfr’k; egÙo vkgs- rsFkhy jktkP;k

jkteqdqVkoj liZ fpUgkafdr vlrks-41 frFks likZauk ia[k nk[kfoys

vkgsr- R;ko:u likZapk laca/k gk vkdk’k] i`Foh vkf.k tyk’kh vkgs]

gs fl) gksrs- nSordFksuqlkj vWFksUlpk izFke lezkV gk v/kkZ ek.kwl o

v/kkZ liZ gksrk- izkphu xzhd ns’kkr ekuoh eq[k vl.kkÚ;k likZph iwtk

dsyh tkr vls- xzhde/khy ykfu;k ukokph ckyxzg jk{klh gh v/kZ

ekuoh o v/kZ likZ—rh v’kh vkgs-42 frFks bfpn~uk ¼Echidna½ gh

lfiZ.kh] FkkbikWu ukokP;k likZph cgh.k nk[kfoysyh vkgs- feuhvkWu

ukokph liZnsork gh izk.kh nsork Eg.kwu vksG[k.;kis{kk Kku nsork

Eg.kwu vf/kd izek.kkr vksG[kyh tkrs- vysD>kaMjph vkbZ fgP;k

gkrkr likZus osVksGk ?krysyk fnlwu ;srks-43

gk;Mªk ukokph lfiZ.kh gh xzhde/khy Kkuo`{kkph laj{kd vkgs

rj ;qfjukses ukokpk ukx iq#”k vkgs-44 ewG vesfjdu nSordFkkae/;s

oU; tekrh gÓkk Lor%l likZP;k oa’kt ekurkr- R;kP;k vkfne

u`R;kr liZu`R;kpk lekos’k vlrks- R;kaP;k uWV~ps> ¼Natchez½

540

eafnjkrhy vW>Vsd ¼Aztee½ nsork gh liZnsork Eg.kwu ekU;rk izkIr

>kysyh vkgs-45

vfÝdse/;s nkgkseh ¼Dahomey½ gs liZiwtsps izeq[k dsanz vkgs-

oSnsg ¼Whydah½ ;k fBdk.kh toGikl iékl likZaph eafnjs vkgsr-46

if’pe vfÝdse/;s ^nk* ukokph liZnsork izpfyr vkgs- nf{k.k

vkfÝdse/;s >kslk vkf.k yslksFkks ;k dFkkuqlkj ikyd gs vkiY;k

?kjkrhy cWjye/;s fo”kkjh likZauk Bsorkr- T;keqGs ijhapk e`R;w gksrks-

,dk osxGÓkk dFksuqlkj rs Lor%yk iqyk[kkyh Qsdwu nsrkr- dkj.k

R;kauk likZiklwu nwj tk;ps vlrs- R;k fBdk.kh iaifdu o`{k fuekZ.k

gksrks- R;kuarj dkykarjkus R;k o`{kkiklwu ?kj r;kj dsys tkrs( ijarq

R;kafo”k;h o;LdkaP;k eukr Hkhrh vlrs- R;keqGs R;kps rqdMs dsys

tkrkr-47 dsfu;ke/;s vls lkafxrys tkrs dh] ,dk oS|kl Hkfo”;krhy

lwpd LoIu iMr vlrkr- ,dk jk=h R;kyk vkiys dqVqac =klkr

vkgs vls LoIu iMys- R;kauh brjkauk cksykowu R;kpk vFkZ fopkjyk-

ijes’oj R;kyk nwj ?ksÅu xsyk- R;kosGh ik.;krwu fioGÓkk jaxkpk ia[k

vl.kkjk csMwd ckgsj vkyk- R;kcjkscj ,d liZgh ckgsj vkyk- oS|kus

R;kpk’kh la?k”kZ u dj.;kps yksdkauk lwpfoys( ijarq o;Ld yksdkauh

likZyk Bkj dj.;kps Bjfoys- i.k vki.k Bkj dj.;klkBh ik= ukgh

vls oS|kus lwpfoys] v’kh dFkk ;srs-48 ;kr liksZYys[k vkgs-

vkWLVªsfy;ke/;sgh banz/kuq”;:ih likZph iwtk dsyh tkrs- dkj.k

R;keqGs tykr pSrU; fuekZ.k gskrs-49 eslkseksfjdke/;s likZyk nsorkapk]

vkdk’kkpk fuekZrk ekurkr-50 ukWMhZd nSordFkkae/;s lkeqfnzd likZyk

ekU;rk vkgs- R;kaP;k ers] likZus i`Fohyk osVksGk ?kkryk vkgs vkf.k

Lor%ph ‘ksiVh Lor%P;k rksaMkr ?ksryh vkgs-51 ck;cye/khy vkne

vkf.k bZOgP;k dFksuqlkj] likZus bZOgyk Kkuo`{kkps QG [kk.;kpk

lYyk fnyk- R;kph f’k{kk Eg.kwu nsokus likZyk i`Fohoj ikBoys vkf.k

dk;eLo:ih tehuhoj ljiVr jkg’khy vlk ‘kki fnyk- rRiwohZ

541

likZyk ik; gksrs vls vusd nardFkk lkaxrkr-52 phue/khy MªWxuyk

pkj ik; vkgsr- ;ko:u vls fun’kZukl ;srs dh] laiw.kZ txHkjkr

liksZikluk gh dks.kR;k uk dks.kR;k ek/;ekrwu dsyh tkr vlr-

3-8 ukxiwtk % dkgh lanHkZ %

Hkkjrh; laL—rhr vusd izdkjs ukxkaph iwtk izpfyr vkgs- ukx

Eg.kts Q.kk/kkjh liZ- ;kP;k Q.ksoj iq<P;k cktwus ngkP;k vadklkj[ks

fpUg vlrs- ukxkpk o.kZ fgjoV fdaok fioGk /ked vlrks- R;kP;k

rksaMkr fo”k /kkj.k dj.kkjs nkr vlrkr- ukxkph thHk nqgsjh vlrs-

izkphu Hkkjrh;kauh R;kyk nsoRo nsÅu vkiyk iwtkfo”k; cuoys vkgs-

ukxkae/kys dkgh ukx nsok&ekuokauk vuqdwy o lkSE;o`Ùkhps

gksrs( rj dkgh ukx gs nsok&ekuokps dÍj oSjh gksrs- vuar] oklqdh]

‘ks”k b- ukx gs ifgY;k izdkjps mnkgj.k( rj r{kd] ddksZVd] dkyh;

gs nqlÚ;k izdkjps mnkgj.k gks;( i.k ukxiwtsr ek= lkSE; o Øwj rlsp

vuqdwy o izfrdwy v’kk loZp ukxkapk lekos’k vkgs- Hkkjrh;

laL—rhr ukxkaph iwtk] ukxfo”k;d ozrs o nkus] ukxkalkBh cfynku

b- vusd izdkjs ukxekgkRE; ok<oysys vkgs-53 ukxkaph iwtk gh

vfrizkphu iwtsr x.kyh tkrs vkf.k FksV gMIik&eksgatksnMks

laL—rhiklwu rjh rh fdeku izpfyr gksrh ;kps izR;{k fp=k—rhps

nk[kys vkgsr- R;kaph iwtk Hkkjrkr rhu izdkjs izpfyr gksrh o rh

vktrkxk;r pkyw vkgs- R;kps izrhd:i Eg.kwu ok:Gkps iwtu dsys

tkr vls- rks izR;{k :ikr ok izR;{k :ikP;k izfresr iwtyk tkr

vls- rlsp ojps v/kZ’kjhj ekuoh o [kkyps likZ—rhps v’kk :ikrgh

iwtyk tkr vlsgh iwtk eq[;Ros l`tunsork Eg.kwu dsyh tkr

vlY;keqGs ukx;qXekph iwtkgh izpfyr >kyh- v’kk ekuok—rh ok

eaMy:ih ukxizfrekaph f’kYis HkkjrHkj tkxkstkxh c?kk;yk feGrkr-54

dkSfVyh; vFkZ’kkL=kr liZHk; okVr vlsy rj ioZdkyh ukxiwtk

djkO;kr vlk lanHkZ lkiMrks-55

542

HkkjrkP;k fofo/k Hkwizns’kkae/;s ukxiwtk izpfyr vkgs- lkSjk”Vªkr

?kjkrY;k ek.klkauk xqjk<ksjkauk ukx likZiklwu vik; gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu

Jko.k ‘kq- iapehyk loZ= ukxkaph iwtk dsyh tkrs- lqokfluh

lk;adkGh ‘kqfpHkwZr gksÅu ukxQ.khps fp= js[kkVrkr o R;kph iwtk

d:u R;kiq<s rqikpk fnok Bsorkr o R;kyk frGkP;k fadaok cktjhP;k

Hkkdjhpk uSos| nk[korkr- lkSjk”Vªkr ukxk’kh laca/k vlysyh vusd

xkos o ukos vkgsr- cgqrsd xkokr ukxkph fp=s dksjysyh fnlrkr-

o<ok.ktoG rj ,d ukx;k=kp Hkjrs-56

<kSd gs oztizns’kkrhy ,d yksdfo/kku ,[kk|k O;ähyk liZna’k

>kyk vlY;kl R;kizlaxh gs fo/kku djrkr- teysY;k O;ähaiSdh

,dt.k ,dk ?kMÓkkoj ,d FkkGh Bsowu rhoj dkBhus vk?kkr djrks o

ckdhps yksd ,dk Lojkr ukxnsorsP;k izlérslkBh xhrs xkrkr- ;k

mipkjkus liZfo”k mrjrs] v’kh letwr vkgs-57

jktLFkku vkf.k mÙkjizns’kke/;s vgksbZ v”Veh ozr fo’ks”kRokus

dsys tkrs- dkfrZd —- i{kkrhy v”Veh gh vgksbZ v”Veh Eg.kwu

ekuyh tkrs- vgksbZpk laca/k L;kgw ekrs’kh vkgs- L;kgw Eg.kts lfiZ.kh

gks;- R;klaca/kkus vusd dFkk izpfyr vkgsr- larrhP;k j{k.kklkBh gs

ozr fL=;kadMwu dsys tkrs-58 rSfÙkjh; lafgrsr v’oes/ko.kZuizlaxh

yksfgrknh o ok;l ;k ukxkaps iwtu djkos vls lkafxrys vkgs-

vFkoZosnkr njksMs[kksjkaiklwu j{k.k gks.;klkBh ukxkP;k dkarhps ;a=

okijkos] vls EgVys vkgs- ;tqosZnkr #nzkyk ^vfgalUr%* ¼likZps

lkfu/; vlysyk½ vls EgVys vkgs-59

usikG izkarkr ukxkaph o xk;haph iwtk loZ= dsyh tkrs-60

ckalQksM gh mÙkjizns’kkrhy ,d tkr- ukxkyk rs Qkj eku nsrkr-

xqfj;k uked ,dk l.kkr eqyh fpa/;kaP;k ckgqY;k cuorkr o R;kauk

ukxkps izrhd ekurkr- eqys R;k ukxkauk dkBhus cMorkr o rGÓkkr

Qsdwu nsrkr- vls dsY;kus lkikae/khy nq”Vi.kk fu?kwu tkrks v’kh

543

R;kaph letwr vkgs-61 ukxksfr;k gh e/;izns’kkrhy ,d tekr vkgs-

rh ukxiwtd vkgs-62 vksfMlkrys yksd vuarnso ;k ukokus ukxiwtk

djrkr- vklkee/;s mFksYu ukokpk ,d izpaM liZ ekuyk tkr vlwu

rks ujcyh fnY;kf’kok; r`Ir gksr ukgh] v’kh frFkY;k vkfnoklhaph

/kkj.kk vkgs-63 dukZVdkrhy rqGwoukMw ;k Hkkxkr vktgh o`{kiwtk]

ukxiwtk vkf.k Hkwriwtk izpfyr vkgs-64

lkSjk”Vªkr izR;sd xkokP;k os’khoj ,d liZ eafnj vlrs- /kkax/kzk

laLFkkukr ukxlikZps ,d nsÅG vkgs- rsFks Bjkfod fno’kh jktk iwtsyk

;sbZ o R;kosGh usedk ftoar ukxliZ iwtslkBh gtj jkgh vls

lkaxrkr- mÙkj fganqLFkkukr pack] dkaxMk ;k [kksÚ;kr rlsp

dk’ehje/;sgh dSd fBdk.kh rh nSors vkgsr- R;kaph ukos ‘ks”kukx]

cldukx] r[krukx] izhreukx] ‘kchj ukx] ddksZVd ukx] banzukx]

laruukx v’kh vkgsr- fpukc unh rhjkoj ,ds fBdk.kh oklqdh ukxkps

nsÅG vkgs-65

uÅ ukxjktkaph iwtk izkr%dkGh o lk;adkGh v’kk nksUgh osGk

iq”dG fganw yksd djrkr o R;kph izkFkZuk iq<hyizek.ks vkgs-

ßvuar oklqfd ‘ks”ka in~eukHkap dacye~ ‘ka[kikya /k`rjk”Vaª r{kda

dkfy; rFkk ,rkfu uoukekfu

ukxkukap egkReuk lk;a dkys i<s fuR;a izkr%dkGs fo’ks”kr% rL;

fo”ke;aukfLr loZ= fot; HkosrkÞ

Hkxoku Jh fo”.kw ‘ks”k ukxkojp fojkteku >kys vlwu R;kaph

Lrqrh izR;sd ?kjkr gksr vlrs- R;kr ns[khy ukxlikZps o.kZu vkgs] rs

vls&

ß‘kkUrkdkje~ Hkqtax’k;ue~ in~eukHk lqjs’ke~AÞ

Hkxoku ‘kadjkP;k ukokusgh dkgh laL—r ‘yksd vkgsr- R;krgh

ukxkps o.kZu vkgs rs vls&

ukxsanzdaqMy] ukxsanzgkj] ukxsanzoy;] ukxsanz peZ/kj ¼f’kodope~½

544

ukxsanzgkjk;] f=ykspuk;] HkLekaxjkxk; egs’ojk; ¼f’koiapk{kj½

xGs:aMekG] ruksliZtkya ¼f’kok”Vde½

tVk/kkjh daB Hkqtaxifrgkjh i'kqirh ¼nsohLrkre~½66

3-9 egkjk”VªkP;k o egkjk”VªkckgsjP;k fofo/k tkrhtekrhrhy

ukxiwtk %

egkjk”Vªkrhy fofo/k tkrhtekrhae/;s osxosxGÓkk xzkeh.k Hkkxkrwu

vktgh izpfyr vlysyh ikgko;kl feGrs- ;k ukxiwtsfo”k;h ok

ukxiapehfo”k;h yksdekulkr osxosxGÓkk /kkj.kk vkgsr- ukxiapehP;k

fno’kh /kkjnkj ‘kL=kapk okij VkGyk tkrks- egkjk”Vªkrhy dq.kch

lekt R;k fno’kh tehu ukaxjr ukgh- Hkkthikyk [kqMr ukgh- dkGÓkk

tfeuhiklwu rks vLif’kZr vlrks- lkrkjk ftYgÓkkr ukxiapehP;k

fno’kh UgkO;kph nqdkus can vlrkr- ukxiapehP;k fno’kh rs ekrhps

ukx ?kjks?kjh nsrkr o R;kcÌy R;kyk ilkHkj /kkU; vkf.k l.kkph

iksGh feGrs-67 pkaHkkj tkrhr ukxiapeh l.k ikGrkr- ukxiapehP;k

fno’kh gs ukxkph iwtk djrkr o ?kjkHkksorh ,d js?k dk<rkr- gh js?k

vksykaMwu ukx o lki ?kjkr ;s.kkj ukghr v’kh R;kaph letwr

vlrs-68 dq.kch gh egkjk”Vªkrhy ,d ‘ksrdjh tekr- ukxiapeh gk

dq.kch ck;dkapk eksBk l.k vlrks- R;k fno’kh R;k ok#Gkph iwtk

djrkr o R;kHkksorh Qsj /k:u ukprkr-69 rMoh gh lkriqMÓkkP;k

ik;F;k’kh vlysyh tekr- eqlyeku o fHkYy ;kaP;k ladjkrwu gh

tekr fuekZ.k >kysyh vlkoh] vls ekurkr- ;k tekrhr ukxiapeh

l.k eksBÓkk mRlkgkus lktjk dsyk tkrks-70 xksikG lektkps yksd fganw

/kekZps vlwu fganw /kekZps loZ l.k ikGrkr- brj tkrhrhy

fL=;kaizek.ksp xksikG fL=;k ukxiapehpk l.k lktjk djrkr-71 ckS)

/kekZr ukxiapehP;k fno’kh cq)kyk f[kjhpk uSos| nk[korkr]

‘khyxzg.k djrkr o fHk{kwauk Hkkstu ok<rkr-72

545

lkrokgukaP;k iSB.k ‘kgjkr ukxiapehpk mRlo vkxGÓkk

i)rhus vktgh lktjk dsyk tkrks- ;k fno’kh bfrgklizfl)

ukx?kkVkoj ukxkph iwtk dsyh tkrs- ukxiwtspk efgek ;k ifjljkr

vukfn dkGkiklwu vkgs- ukx nsork iq=nkf;uh vlY;kpk letgh

frrdkp iqjkru vkgs- R;keqGs ;k lekjaHkkl fL=;kaph la[;k eksBÓkk

izek.kkr vlrs- ekxZ’kh”kZ ‘kq) “k”Bhl paik”k”Bh vls Eg.krkr- ;k

lekjaHkkl ^ukxfnos* vls Eg.krkr- ;k fno’kh iSB.k ;sFks ;k=k Hkjrs-

ukxkph iwtk dsyh tkrs-73 ;knokaP;k dkGkrgh ukxiapehpk l.k ok

ozr mRlkgkus lktjs dsys tkr vlr-74

rfeGukMwe/;s v”Vehiklwu Jko.k’kq) iapehi;Zar fr#dY;k.ke~

ukokpk mRlo lktjk dsyk tkrks- ukxiapehP;k fno’kh nqikjh

jkeukFkiqje/khy O;kikÚ;karQsZ ,d czkã.k ikoZrhlkBh eaxGlw= o

js’keh oL=s ?ksÅu gÙkho:u fejor eafnjkr ;srks- uarj eafnjkP;k

iwoZ}kjkyk ykxwu vlysyk yXueaMi Qqykauh lq’kksfHkr djrkr- gksekps

dqaM lkjowu Bsorkr- v’kk eaxy okrkoj.kkr gtkjks HkäkaP;k

mifLFkrhr xksjt eqgwrkZoj f’ko&ikoZrhps yXu ykxrs- R;kuarj

yktkgkseknh fo/kh gksrkr- iq<s pkj fnolkauh f’ko ,d eSy varjkoj

vlysY;k xa/keknu VsdMhoj ikoZrhlg lklqjokMhyk Eg.kwu tkrks

vkf.k frFkyk lRdkj vuqHkowu ijr eafnjkr ;srks-75 dukZVdkr

ukxiapehyk >ksikGs cka/krkr- ekgsjokf’k.khyk ?kjh vk.krkr-

fnokGhis{kk ;k l.kkps egÙo vf/kd vlrs- R;k fno’kh rafcVkps

Eg.kts rkanqGkP;k fiBkps ykMw djrkr- vk;kZapk nf{k.ksr izos’k

?ks.;kiwohZ dukZVdkpk /keZ gk ‘kq) nzfoM /keZ gksrk- nzfoM yksd gs

f’koiwtd gksrs- rlsp ekjh nsorkaP;k :ikr ‘kähykgh Hkt.kkjs gksrs-

ukx] fyax] o`{k] Hkqrs&[ksrs ;kaphgh iwtk dj.ks okf”kZd t=k d:u

okf”kZd —R;kr R;kauk LFkku ns.ks]vls R;k /kekZps <kscG Lo:i gksrs-76

Hkkstiqjh izns’kkr dkfrZd efgU;kr dqaokj eqyh ,d ozr djrkr- R;kr

546

rkanqGkph eqVdqGh fHkarhoj fpdVorkr o R;kaP;k Hkksorh Fkkis ¼vksY;k

jkaxksGhpk izdkj½ mBorkr- ukxiapeh] Jko.kh ikSf.kZek vgksbZ] fnokGh]

dkfrZdh ,dkn’kh b- ozrksRlokrgh Fkkis ekjrkr- R;kr R;k R;k

ozrksRlokaP;k n’kZd v’kk fofo/k vk—rh vlrkr-77

3-10 ukxiapeh % dkgh lkaLd`frd lanHkZ %

es:df.kZdsr jkg.kkjk d’;i vkf.k dnzw ;kapk iq= ukx-

d’;ikps vuar] oklqdh] r{kdknh iq= i`Fohojhy iztsyk foy{k.k

minzo nsÅ ykxys- rsOgk czãnsokus tuest;kP;k l=kr x#MkdMwu

rqepk uk’k gksbZy vlk R;kauk ‘kki fnyk vls iùiqjk.kkr fnys vkgs(

iajrq egkHkkjrkr gk ‘kki ukgh- tuest;kP;k ;Kkrgh vkiY;kyk =kl

gksÅ u;s gÓkklkBh ,d= ;sÅu R;kauh ts Bjfoys rs ukxrhFkZ Eg.kwu

izfl) vlwu R;kaP;k czãnso HksVhpk fnol Eg.kts ukxiapeh gks;-78

ukx o vk;Z ;kaP;kr nh?kZdkyi;Zar y<k pkywu ‘ksoVh R;kaP;kr lesV

>kyk o vk;kZauh R;kaph gR;k d: u;s o ukxkauh vk;kZl dks.kR;kgh

izdkjs vkiY;k fo”kkjh ‘kY;kauh btk iksgkspow u;s vls Bjys- ;k

lesVkps n’kZd ukxiapehpk l.k vlwu vls izfriknu dj.kkjs yksd

vkgsr-79 Hkfo”;iqjk.kkrgh ukxiapehps ozr lkaxrkuk ukxkP;k mRiÙkhph

dFkk lkafxryh vkgs-80 fouksck Hkkos ;kaP;k ers] ßT;kP;k MksD;koj

lkikus Q.kk /k:u lkoyh dsyh rks pØorhZ jktk gksrks v’kh dYiuk

vkgs- ukxiapehpk l.k gk }s”kHkko nwj dj.;klkBh vkgs-Þ81 Jh—“.kkus

dkfy;k ukokP;k ukxkpk ijkt; d:u rks ;equk unhP;k ik=krwu

lqjf{kri.ks oj vkyk- gk fnol Jko.k ‘kq-AA 5 gksrk- ;ko:u ukxiwtk

izpkjkr vkyh] vls fdR;sdkaps er vkgs-82

ukxiapehP;k fno’kh ldkGh ftoar ukxkph fdaok ukx o

ukxiRuh ;kaP;k ekrhP;k izfrekaph iwtk djkoh- x`g}kjk’kh nksUgh cktwl

panukus fdaok [kMwus likZph vk—rh dk<wu iwtk dsY;klgh pkyrs-

uSos|klkBh ngh] nw/k] rwi o ykgÓkk viZ.k djkO;k- gk fnol ;ksX;

547

fjrhus ikGyk vlrk lca/k o”kkZr likZdMwu =kl iksgksp.kkj ukgh-

ßvuar oklqfda ‘kS”ka iùukHkap dacyaA ‘ka[kikya /k`rjk”Vªp r{kda

dkfy;a rFkkAÞ oxSjs Lrks=kps fuR;’k% iB.k d:u ukxkP;k ;k uÅ

tkrhaph vkjk/kuk dsyh vlrk fo”kkph ck/kk u gksrk loZ= ;’k izkIrh

gksrs vls lkafxrys vkgs- ;k fno’kh ekrhP;k] ik”kk.kkP;k fdaok

fiBkP;k ukx izfrekaph iwtk dj.;kr ;srs- ;k fno’kh iMoGklkj[kh

ukxk—rhph Hkkth ns[khy ck;dk fpjhr ukghr- ‘ksrdjh yksd tehu

ukaxjhr ukghr o dks.kh QkoMÓkkus tehu [kf.kr ukgh- pqyhoj

rG.kgh rGr ukgh- egkjk”Vªkr ;k fno’kh fdR;sd fBdk.kh ck;dk

gGnhdqadwokps lekjaHk djrkr- ?kjkrhy ygku Fkksj eaMGh ftoar

ukxkl fdaok ekrhP;k izfresl nw/k] ykgÓkk o nwokZ viZ.k djrkr-83

dukZVdkr ukxkaP;k uSos|kyk xwG&ikiMhps ykMw djrkr- R;kauk

rachV Eg.krkr- xqtjkrsr ukxewrhZiq<s rqikpk fnok ykorkr o ewrhZoj

tykfHk”ksd djrkr- m-izns’kkr ukxiapehP;k fno’kh iq#”k ek.kls nq/kkph

HkkaMh ?ksÅu xkokckgsj vFkok taxykr tkrkr o ukxkaP;k ok#Gkr rh

nqX/kik=s jhrh d:u ijr ;srkr- dk’kh ‘kgjkr rj ;k fno’kh ldkGh

ßukxyks] HkkbZ ukxyks] NksVs xq: dk ukxyks HkkbZ ukxyksÞ vls vksjMr

‘kkGdjh eqykpk fejo.kqdkp fu?krkr- la/;kdkGh ukxdaqok uked

tyk’k;koj vlysY;k ukxewrhZps iwtu gksrs- iafMrkps oknfookn

gksrkr o ‘ksoVh teysys yksd ukxdqaWaaaaaaO;kps ik.kh ukxrhFkZ Eg.kwu izk’ku

d:u vkivkiY;k ?kjh tkrkr- O;kdj.kkoj iratyh gk ‘ks”kkorkj

gksrk o ej.kksÙkj R;kus ;k dqaWaaO;kr okLrO; dsys vkgs- vls lkaxrkr

ukxiapehl ukxiwtu dj.kkÚ;k O;ähyk ukx d/kh Mlr ukgh vkf.k

Mlykp rj R;kps fo”k ck/kr ukgh] v’khp letwr vkgs- lkMsrhu

eqgqrkaZiSdh v/kkZ eqgwrZ Eg.kwugh dkgh izns’kkr ukxiapehyk ekU;rk

vkgs-84

548

Jko.k efgU;kr ukxiapehpk l.k vkxG;k Lo:ikr lktjk

gksrks- ukxiapehP;k fno’kh [ksMsxkokrhy yksdkr ,d osxG;kp

izdkjpk Nan vlrks- R;kykp Bkok Eg.krkr-

Bkok Eg.kts ukxiapehP;k fno’kh ?kksxaMhph pqcaG d:u R;koj

RkkaC;kph pjoh Bsorkr- R;k pjohP;k rksaMkoj ,d iljV HkkaMs mQMs

ekjrkr- R;k HkkaM;kHkksorh yksd xksykdj clrkr- mQM;k HkkaM;koj

,dt.k vkiyk Mkok gkr mQMk ekjrks o mtO;k gkrh dMs ?ksÅu rs

dMs mQM;k HkkaM;kP;k dkBkoj oktowu R;kyk oj mQM;k ekjysY;k

gkrkP;k Fkkisph lkFk feGrs- g;k rkykoj ukxksck fo”k;hP;k xk;ukyk

lq#okr gksrs- R;k xk.;kyk okjh Eg.krkr- gh okjh Eg.k.kkÚ;kauk

^vjcMs* Eg.krkr- T;kauk ukxkps fo”k mrjfo.;kpk ea= ;srks fdaok

tMhcqVhP;k lkg;kus fo”k mrjfork ;srs- v’kk yksdkauk vjcMs

Eg.krkr-85

ukx gk {ks=ikG ekuyk tkrks- ukxiapehl dsyh tk.kkjh

ukxiwtk lqqqQyhdj.k fo/khpkp ,d Hkkx vkgs- ukxiapehph dFkk

‘ksrh’kh fuxfMr vkgs- ukxiapeh gk fL=;akpk l.k vkgs- ukxiapehyk

nqlÚ;k fno’kh ejkBokM;kr pkSjLR;koj Hkqyksck ekaMyk tkrks- iq.ks

Hkkxkr R;kyk f’kjkG’ksB Eg.krkr- fp[kykoj pdR;k ,dkoj ,d

Bsowu fyxakdkj :i nsÅu R;kph iwtk dsyh tkrs- R;k fno’kh vusd

fBdk.kh t=k Hkjyh tkrs- r#.k lqokfluh vkf.k dqekfjdakpk gk mRlo

vlrks-86 ukx gh larkunsork vlwu T;kauk ewyckG ukgh- v’kk fL=;k

ukxiwtk djrkr- ukx gk {ks=j{kd rj ok:G gs ltZusfUnz;kps izrhd

ekuysys vkgs- ;kaP;k la;ksxkrwu o`)h gksr vlrs] vls ekurkr- js.kw

Eg.kts lw{e d.k ;kaiklwu L=hfyaxh js.kqdk ‘kCn cuyk vkgs- ok:G gs

lw{e Ek`fÙkdsP;k js.kwusp cuysys vlrs- R;ko:up js.kqdk vkf.k i`Foh

;akpk vHks| lac/k vk<Grks- /kkfeZd d`R;klkBh T;k ikp ifo=

e`fÙkdk lkafxrY;k vkgsr- R;krhy ,d ok#Gkph ekrh vkgs-87

549

ok#Gkfo”k;hP;k vusd nardFkk Hkkjrkr] egkjk”Vªkr iljysY;k vkgsr-

R;krhy ,d v’kh % ßEgkrkj nsokps LFkku iwohZ f’kjkiwj ;k xkokP;k

gíhr gksrs- ?kkVf’kjl gs xko f’kjiqjk[kkyps- rh ,d okMh gksrh- ;k

xkoph xqjs ;k nsoky;kr pj.;kl tkr vlr- ,dnk xqjk[;kauk ;k

fBdk.kh ,d xk; fnlyh- rh dks.kkph xk; Eg.kwu xqjk[;kauh frpk

iq”dG rikl dsyk( ijarq R;kpk ‘kks/k ykxyk ukgh- gh xk; unhdkBh

,d ok:G gksrs] R;kP;k toG ;sÅu clr vls- njjkst gh xk;

xqjk[kh ;k fBdk.kh ikgr vlr( ijarq frpk rikl ykxsuk- R;kauh gh

xks”V xkokr lkafxryh- njE;ku xkokrhy ,dk Hkkfod x`gLFkkl –“Vkar

>kyk o R;kl nsokus LoIukr ;sÅu lkafxrys dh] eh ;k fBdk.kh

xqIr:ikus jkgrks- R;ko:u xkodjh rsFks vkys- R;kauh nsokP;k

xqIrLFkkukpk rikl pkyfoyk( ijarq rikl ykxsuk- Eg.kwu rs ;k

xkbZik’kh vkys o fryk mBfoys- gh xk; ;k ok#Gkik’kh dk clrs

v’kh R;kauk lkgftdp ‘kadk ;sÅu R;kauh rs ok:G QksM.;kl

lq#okr dsyh- R;koj dqnG Vkdrkp R;krwu nq/kkph /kkj fu?kkyh- ex

xkodÚ;kauh gsp nsokps xq#LFkku vkgs gs vksG[kwu rs ok:G eksdGs

dsys- rs nxMkps gksrs- R;kP;k ekF;koj xksiùkP;k vkdkjkpk ,d

[kGxk vlwu rsFkwu gh /kkj fu?kr vls] vls R;kP;k –“Vhl iMys-Þ88

xkbZpk laca/k gk jlkrGk’kh vkgs vkf.k ukx gs ikrkGkrp jkgrkr

vlk lglaca/k vlkok-

^xksj{kfl) fl)kUri)fr* ;k xzaFkkr ‘kfäpØkps o.kZu nsrkuk

dqaMfyuhlg ‘kfä&iapd lkafxrys vkgs o R;kauk /kkj.k dj.kkjk rks

ijef’ko vls f’ko Lo:i n’kZfoys vkgs- ‘kähauk ukxh.k gsp uko

vlY;kus R;k ukfx.kh T;k Lo:ikr okLrO; djrkr- R;k ijef’kokl

^ok:G* Eg.k.ks ;qä gksbZy- ;k –“Vhus ikfgY;kl ok:G gs uko gh

ukFkiaFkh ‘kCndwV Bjrs o rsp uko izFke xksLokehus fnys gksrs-

efPNanzukFkkauh rs cnywu Egkrkjnso gs uko :< dsys-89

550

ukxiapehP;k vusd yksddFkk egkjk”Vªkr izpfyr vkgsr-

R;krhy cÚ;kp dFkk gÓkk —“kh’kh] ‘ksrh’kh lacaf/kr vkgsr- R;kr

dkSVqafcd fpÙkFkjkjd ?kVuk vkgsr- ‘ksrdÚ;kdMwu tehu ukaxjyh tkrs]

lfiZ.khph fiYys ejrkr] izfr’kks/k Eg.kwu lihZ.k ‘ksrdÚ;kP;k dqVqackyk

na’k djrs- R;kph ,d eqyxh okprs- rh ukfx.khph iwtk djrs- ukxh.k

frP;koj izlé gksrs- rks fnol ukxiapeh Eg.kwu loZekU; gksrks- nqlÚ;k

,dk dFksr ‘ks”k gk czkã.kos’k /kkj.k d:u ,dk czkã.kkP;k /kkdVÓkk

lqusl Jko.kkl ekgsjh ?ksÅu tkrks- frFks czkã.k lqusP;k gkrwu fnok

[kkyh iMrks vkf.k uqdrhp tUeysyh fiya Hkktyh tkrkr- R;klkBh

rh miks”k.k d:u ijes’ojkdMs R;kaph lq[k:irk ekxrs- R;krwu rks

fnol ukxiapehpk fnol ekuyk tkrks- egkjk”Vªkr ukx o lok”.k L=h

;kapk laca/k cgh.k&Hkkokpk vkgs gs lgt /;kukr ;sbZy- v’kk fofo/k

dFkk ukxiapehP;k lanHkkZr loZ egkjk”VªHkj izpfyr vkgsr-90

Hkkjrkrhy brj izkarkP;k izek.ksp egkjk”Vªkrgh ukxiwtk Qkj

egÙokph ekurkr- egkjk”Vªkr lkse;kps djats vkf.k cÙkhl f’kjkGs gh

egÙokph fBdk.ks- lkseukFk gk vxnh ygku tkrhpk ukx fo’ks”k

izdkjpk vlwu R;kP;k eLrdkoj dks.khrjh dqÚgkM ekjY;kps fpUg

nk[kforkr- lkse;k gkrkr ?ksrk vkyk rj rs HkkX;lwpd ekuys tkrs-

cÙkhl f’kjkGk ;k fBdk.kh rj ukxiapeh fno’kh ;k=kp Hkjrs-

vktwcktwP;k [ksMÓkkrhy yksd ‘ksdMks ukx eMD;krwu vk.krkr- frFka

R;kph iwtk gksrs] [ksG gksrkr- R;k fno’kh ukxnso dq.kkyk pkor

ukghr vls Eg.krkr- ;k xkokyk cÙkhl f’kjkGs gs uko dls iMys

;klaca/kh ,d vk[;kf;dk lkaxrkr] rh v’kh&

ß,dnk lar xksj[kukFk ;k xkoh fHk{ksyk vkyk- ,dk ckbZP;k

?kjh rks fHk{kk ekxk;yk xsyk vlrkuk fryk fHk{kk ok<k;yk m’khj

>kyk- R;kus ckbZyk fopkjys] ^ckbZ! m’khj dk >kyk\* ckbZus lkafxrys

dh] ^vkt ukxiapeh vlY;keqGs eh ekrhP;k ukxkph iwtk djhr

551

gksrs-* rs ,sdwu xksj[kukFkkus yxsp ,d ftoar ukx idMwu vk.kyk

vkf.k fryk R;kph iwtk djk;yk lkafxrys- ukxiapehP;k fno’kh bFks

dks.kkyk ukx pko.kkj ukgh vlk vk’khokZngh fnyk- xksj[kukFkkus

ukxkpk gk peRdkj nk[kfoY;koj cÙkhl xkops yksd R;kps f’k”;

>kys]Eg.kwu rsaOgkiklwu ;k xkokyk cÙkhl f’kjkGs vls Eg.kw ykxys-Þ91

Jko.k efgU;kr vusd egÙokph ozrs vlrkr- Jko.k ‘kq/n

iapehP;k fno’kh djko;kps ukxiapeh gs R;kaP;kiSdh ,d ozr vkgs-

dks.kh xzaFkdkj v{k;r`rh;sP;k ,soth ukxiapeh gk o”kkZrhy lkMsrhu

eqgqrkZiSdh v/kkZ eqgwrZ vlY;kps izfriknu djrkr- ukxiapehP;k

ozrklaca/kh foospu Hkfo”;iqjk.k ¼czãioZ v/;k- 32 & 1 rs 39½

gÓkkr dsys vkgs- R;kr EgVys vkgs dh] Jko.k ‘kq) iapehP;k fno’kh

oklqdh] r{kd] dkfy;k] ef.kHknz] ,sjkor izHk`fr ukxkauk nq/kkus Luku

?kkrY;kl rs fo”kck/ksiklwu vHk; nsrkr- gÓkk ukxkaP;k lqo.kkZP;k]

pkanhP;k vFkok ekrhP;k izfrek djkO;k] R;kaph iwtk djkoh] czkã.kkauk

Hkkstu ?kkykos- Hkfo”;ksÙkj iqjk.k ¼v-36½ gÓkkr nqljk ,d izdkj o.kZu

dsyk vkgs- R;kr vls lkafxrys vkgs dh] Jko.k ‘kq) iapehP;k

fno’kh yksdkauh vkiY;k ?kjkP;k nkjkP;k nksUgh cktwyk ‘ks.kkus likZP;k

vk—R;k dk<kO;k vkf.k R;kaph ngh] nwokZ b- uh iwtk djkoh- vékph

ok;us viZ.k djkoh] vls dsY;kus liZHk; mRié gksr ukgh- lkSjk”Vªkr

Jko.k —“.ki{kkr ukxiapeh ikGrkr-

caxkye/;s vkf.k ¼egkjk”VªkO;frfjä½ n- Hkkjrke/;s Jko.k —“.k

iapehyk eulknsohph iwtk vkiY;k vax.kkr Luqgh osyhP;k [kkanhoj

dj.;kr ;srs- okeu futY;kuarj lw;Z feFkqu vFkok ddZ jk’khr

vlrkuk th —“.ki{kkrhy iapeh ;sbZy R;k fno’kh eulkpk mn;

gksrks vls jktekrZaM gÓkk xzaFkkr lkafxrys vkgs- fgph iwtk liZ

na’kkiklwu eqärk feG.;kdfjrk djko;kph vlrs- gÓkk fo/khr

vuarizHk`rh ukxkaph iwtk dj.;kr ;srs- fuckaph ikus ?kjkr Bso.;kr

552

;srkr- iwtk dj.kkjk rh ikus Hk{k.k djrks vkf.k czkã.kkaukgh [kko;kl

nsrks- egkjk”Vªkr Jko.k ‘kq) iapehyk ykdMh ikVkoj xa/kkus likZph

fp=s dk<rkr vFkok fioGk jax fnysyh ekrhph fp=s fodr ?ksÅu

R;kaph iwtk djrkr- R;kauk nw/k viZ.k djrkr-92

egkjk”Vªkr larrh izkIrhlkBh ukxiapehps ozr dsys tkrs- ejkBh

efgU;krhy ‘kqDy i{kkrhy iapehyk gÓkk ozrkpk fo/kh djk;pk

vlrks- gs ozr ,d o”kZHkj djkos ykxrs- Jko.k efgU;krhy ‘kqDy

ukxiapeh loksZÙke ekuyh tkrs- gs ozr dks.kR;kgh efgU;krhy ‘kqDy

iapehiklwu lq: djrk ;srs- izR;sd efgU;krhy ‘kqDy iapehyk

pkanhpk ok fiBkpk ikpeq[kh liZ cuowu R;kph iwtk djkoh-

iapeh ukxiwtk;ka] dk;kZ “k”Bh lefUorkA

rL;k rq rf”kZrk ukxk brjk”kq prqfFkZdkAA & ¼peRdkj fparke.kh½

rsu ukxiwtk nks pSjo ¼fu.kZ; fla/kq iz-i- 63½

ifgY;k efgU;kr vuar] nqlÚ;k efgU;kr oklqdh] frlÚ;k

efgU;kr ‘ks”k] pkSF;k efgU;kr iùukHk] ikpO;k efgU;kr dacyd]

lgkO;k efgU;kr ddksZVd] lkrO;k efgU;kr v’orj] vkBO;k

efgU;kr /k`rjk”Vª] uoO;k efgU;kr ‘ka[kiky] ngkO;k efgU;kr

dkfy;k] vdjkO;k efgU;kr r{kd vkf.k ckjkO;k efgU;kr dfiy

gÓkkizek.ks ukos ?ksÅu iwtk djkoh- ;k fno’kh irh&iRuhauh nks?kkauh

miokl djkok- gÓkkizek.ks o”kZHkj izR;sd iapehyk ozr d:u

ukjk;.kcfyiwoZd ukxcyhpk fo/kh djkok- pkanhpk ok rkaC;kpk ok

lksU;kpk lki czkã.kkl nku |kok o ozrkps m|kiu djkos- gÓkk

ozrkP;k izHkkokus ukxo/k ok liZ&’kki gÓkkpk nks”k nwj gksÅu larrh

izkIr gksrs-93

Jko.kh o Jko.kkrY;k Jo.k u{k=koj djk;pk ,d oSfnd

fo/kh- Jko.kh Eg.kts eksBk vu/;k; laiowu iqu’p v/;;u]

v/;kiukyk izkjaHk dj.;kpk fo/kh gks;- R;kyk mikdeZ] mikdj.k b-

553

vk.k[khgh dkgh ukos vkgsr- Jko.kkrys Jo.k u{k= cgq/kk Jko.k

ikSf.kZesl ;srs- ;k fno’kh fdaok ukxiapehyk gLr u{k=kojgh _Xosnh

yksdkauh Jko.kh djkoh] vls lkafxrys vkgs- ;tqosZ|kauk Jko.k ikSf.kZek

gk eq[; dky vkgs- Hkknzinkrys gLr u{k= gk lkeos|kaP;k Jko.khpk

vkf.k Jko.k fdaok Hkknzin ikSf.kZek gk vFkoZos|kaP;k Jko.khpk dky

vkgs-94

ûkxfnos* ;k ukokpk l.k ?kjks?kjh lktjk dj.;kr ;srks- gk l.k

fnokGhuarj ;srks- fonHkkZr o ejkBokMÓkkr ;k l.kkyk Qkj egÙo

vkgs- ?kjke/;s eqyxk o eqyxh tUeY;kuarj T;kizek.ks R;kaph ukos

Bso.;kr ;srkr- R;kpizek.ks eqys&eqyh tUerkp vkbZ&oMhy ;k

eqykeqyhpk ^fnok* ns[khy Bjohr vlrkr- gk fnok Eg.kts R;k

eqykeqyhP;k okVÓkkps ,d iDoké- jke] y{e.k] jek gh ukos

BsoY;kuarj jkekpk fnok ftychpk] y{e.kkpk fnok cklqanhpk rj

jekpk fnok Jh[kaMkpk vls vkbZ oMhy Bjowu Vkdrkr vkf.k

fnokGhuarj ;k ûkxfnO;ka* P;k l.kkr gh loZ iDokés r;kj dsyh

tkrkr- gÓkk fno’kh iDokékaph v{kj’k% paxG vlrs- eqys&eqyh

vkikiY;k fnO;kps ¼Eg.kts okV.khl vkysY;k iDokékaps½ jlHkfjr

o.kZu djhr vlrkr o brjkaP;k fnO;kais{kk rks fnok dlk ljl vkgs

gs ,desdkal jlkGi.ks lkaxr vlrkr-

fonHkkZr ukxkph osxosxGÓkk izdkjs iwtk cka/kyh tkrs- dkgh

dqVqackr rj ukxkps Jk) djrkr- czkã.k tsow ?kkyrkr- ;k fno’kh

^[kkaMos* ukokps iDoké djrkr- xOgkph lksth f’kÚ;klkj[kh Hkktk;ph

o R;kl f’ktowu lk[kjsP;k ikdkr ?kkywu gs [kkaMos r;kj djk;ps-

ukxkpk gk dqykpkj loZ= ikGrkr- QMukx gk ,d egÙokpk dqykpkj

vkgs- njoktkleksj xksojh isVowu Bsoko;kph- uarj R;k tGysY;k

xksojhus njoktkiklwu ?kjki;Zar ûkx* dk<k;pk o R;k QjdaMsph iwtk

djk;ph- gk QjdaM Eg.ktsp ukxjktkps vkiY;k ?kjkr vkxeu >kys

554

vlk let vkgs- dkgh fBdk.kh eS|kP;k ygkueksBÓkk yksGÓkk r;kj

d:u rh ukxkph fiys letwu R;kph iwtk djrkr- ^ukxiapeh* gk

l.k rj [ksMÓkkikMÓkkr vfr’k; mRlkgkus lktjk dsyk tkrks- izkFkfed

‘kkGsrhy eqys vkiY;k ikVÓkkaoj ukxkps fp= dk<rkr o R;kaP;k

‘kkGsr lkewfgdfjR;k R;k ukxkph iwtkvpkZ dj.;kr ;srs- dkjkxhj]

lksukj ?kjks?kjh tkÅu ukxkpk Nki vlysys rkaC;kps ygku rqdMs izeq[k

njoktkP;k pkSdVhoj tMforkr fdaok jaxkus ukxkph fp=s dk<rkr-

ukxiapehP;k l.kke/;s foGh okijko;kph ulrs] ukrkok vxj rsyrok

okijrk ;srks- dki.ks] rG.ks] dqV.ks ;k loZ lkikyk fo?kkrd fØ;k

vlY;keqGs R;k iw.kZi.ks ;k l.kkyk oT;Z vlrkr- ;k l.kkyk ^fnaM*

ukokps iDokUu r;kj djrkr- liVs djk;ps o rs vdGko;kps ;kl

^fnaM* vls Eg.krkr- ukxiapehps l.kkyk [ksMÓkkikMÓkkrwu >kMkyk

ikG.ks cka/kwu >ksds ?ksrkr] mRlkgkus fnol ?kkyforkr-

ukxiapehP;k nqlÚ;k fno’kh [ksMÓkkikMÓkkr ^ldjksck* ukokpk

l.k vlrks- ;k fno’kh dqaHkkjkdMwu ,d egky cuowu vk.krkr o

uarj rks egky vksyk vlrkuk R;kyk ltforkr- R;kr gÙkh] ?kksMs]

iky[kh] yoktek cuowu Bsoysyk vlrks- ;k egkykl fgjoh ikus o

xqatk ykowu e<foysys vlrs- dkgh xkokar cgqtulektkP;k efgykp

vlk egky Lor% r;kj djrkr- R;kHkksorh fiaxk ?kkywu vusd

izdkjph yksdxhrs xkbyh tkrkr- ;k egkyke/;s egknsokph ekrhph

fiaM cloysyh vlrs- gk laiw.kZ nsOgkjk] Qqykikukapk vlk ns[khy]

fdR;sd [ksMÓkkae/;s efgykp r;kj djrkr- ;kl ^f’kjkG* vxj

^Jh;kG* vls Eg.krkr-

egknsokyk vxj ukxkyk nSor ekuwu fonHkkZr vusd fBdk.kh

fofo/k izdkjps dqykpkj lktjs dsys tkrkr-95

555

3-11 ukxozr %

ukxkP;k laca/kkus fofo/k ozrs egkjk”Vªkr izpfyr vkgsr- R;k

izR;sd ozrkpk gsrw ok mÌs’k osxosxGk vlw ‘kdrks- vuar prqnZ’khps

ozr gs ukxlaca/kkusp ;srs- vuar Eg.kts var ulysyk ukxjkt gks;-

x.kirhP;k xGÓkkr js’keh xksQ ?kkryk tkrks- ukxkps izrhd Eg.kwu tks

js’keh xksQ vlrks] R;kyk ukxkpk vkdkj fnY;keqGs R;kyk vuar

Eg.krkr- nqljk /kkdVk xksQ vlrks- R;kyk ukxkph iRuh letrkr-

R;kyk vuUrh Eg.krkr-96 Hkknzin ‘kqDy prqnZ’khyk vuarozr djrkr-

;kdfjrk lw;ksZn;O;kfiuh v’kh lgk ?kfVdk fdaok pkj ?kfVdk prqnZ’kh

vlsy rh ?;koh- pkjgh ?kfVdk ulyh rj iwoZ fnolkph ?;koh- nksu

fno’kh lw;ksZn;O;kIrh vlsy rj iwoZfno’khph ?;koh- iwokZ.gdkG gk

;k ozrkpk eq[; dky- rks u feGsy rj e/;kUgdky ?;kok-97 vls

/keZ’kkL=kr uewn dsys vkgs- gs ,d dkE;ozr vlwu ;kpk vo/kh pkSnk

o”kkZpk vkgs- xroSHko ijr feGkos ;k gsrwus eq[;r% gs ozr lkafxrys

vkgs- gs ozr lkoZf=d ukgh- Js.kh minsf’kY;kl fdaok vuarkpk nksjk

lgti.ks lkiMY;kl gs ozr ?ksrkr o ex rs R;k dqGkr pkyw jkgrs-

vuar vFkkZr fo”.kw gh ;kph eq[; nsork vlwu ‘ks”k o ;equk ;k xkS.k

nsork vkgsr- iwtspk fo/kh iq<hyizek.ks &

ßldkGh unhoj Luku d:u lq’kksfHkr v’kh ekaMoh r;kj

djrkr- frP;k [kkyh loksZrksHknz eaMy dk<wu R;koj rkaC;kps fdaok

:I;kps iw.kZik= Bsowu R;kar v”VnG dk<rkr- R;koj lkr Q.kkapk

nHkkZadqjkauh cufoysyk ‘ks”k ukx Bsowu R;kP;kiq<s pkSnk xkBhpk js’keh

nksjk Bsorkr- dqaHkkyk oL=;qXekps os”Vu djrkr- dqaHkkrY;k tykyk

;equk Eg.krkr- izFke ;equk o ‘ks”k ;kaps iwtu >kY;koj ex R;kp

iw.kZik=kr vXUR;qÙkkj.k d:u clfoysY;k vuarewrhZps iq<hy ea=kus

/;ku djrkr-

556

uoklziYyokHkkla fi³~eH:’eJqykspue~A

ihrkEcj/kj iù’ka³[kpØxnk/kje~AA

vy³—ri;ksjkf’ak fo’o:ia fofpUr;sA

uwru vkeziYyokizek.ks T;kph dkarh vkgs] T;kP;k Hkqo;k]

fe’kk o MksGs fiaxV vkgsr] tks firkacj uslysyk o ‘ka[k&pØ&xnk

/kkj.k dj.kkjk vkgs o T;kus lkxjkyk Hkw”kfoys vkgs v’kk fo’o:ikps

¼fo”.kwps½ eh /;ku djrks-

uarj “kksMikspkjkus iwtk djrkr- ;k iwtsps vaxiwtk] vkoj.kiwtk]

v”VksÙkj’krukiwtk v’kk vk.k[kh vaxHkwriwtk vlrkr- iq”iaktyh

>kY;koj v?;Z nsrkr- ex nksjdkph izkFkZuk d:u rks pkSnk xkBhapk

nksjk gkrkr fdaok xG;kr cka/krkr vkf.k tqU;k nksÚ;kps foltZu

djrkr- cM;k ?kkjX;kps ok;u nsÅu ozrnsorkaps foltZu djrkr-

lkaxrslkBh nairhHkkstu ?kkyrkr- pkSnk o”ksZ iw.kZ >kY;koj ozrkps

m|ki.k djrkr-Þ98 vaurozr ‘ks”kkizhR;FkZ vlwu n- fganqLFkkukr

oS”.koerkuq;k;h yksdkr R;kpk fo’ks”k izlkj vkgs- caxkY;krgh gs ozr

vkpj.kkjs yksd vkgsr( iajrq rs d`”.kkizhR;FkZ ikGys tkr vlwu ;k

fno’kh vusd izdkjph QGs o feBkbZ Jhd`”.kkl viZ.k djrkr-99

T;s”B eklkrhy ‘kqDy prqFkhZl ‘ks”kkRet x.ks’ktUe ikrkG

prqFkhZ ekuyh tkrs-100 ukx ¼panzk lkiZjkKh½ l`tu djrs ¼rkss½- vkf.k

ej.kgh vks<owu ?ksrs ¼rks½ egkpel ik=koj ¼Hkksxik=½ vkguL;

o/kZ;Urhus ¼fyax½ vk?kkr dsys tkrkr A ^guke ,uk* vls Eg.kr- ;k

^pel* nso&iku ik=koj ?kko ?kkrys tkrkr- gs _Xosnkrhy mYys[k

;k ik=kps prq/kkZ foHkkx dk gksrkr- ;kps Li”Vhdj.k ns.;kl leFkZ

vkgsr- pkanzz laiznk;kryk ^lad”Vh prqFkhZ* lwpd vkdMk ,d pel

ik=kP;k fBdk.kh pkj ik= gks.;kpk gk tknw&peRdkj ;k pkjhpk vFkZ

dk; vlsy\ folkO;k ‘krdkrhy dqaVqcfu;kstukr lqQyhdj.kkr rhu

cjl ;kr ekrslg gk vkdMk pkjhpk gks.;krhy gh ;kstukc)rk

557

vk’p;Zdkjd vkgs- QqV.ks vkf.k ok<.ks Eg.kts e`R;w gk thounkrk ;k

ukxliaznk;h J)sekxhy thoukuqHkwrhgh ;sFks v’kh vkgs-101

vk”kk< oAA5 ehl caxky o mÙkj fganqLFkkukr ukxnsork eulk

fgph iwtk djrkr- fgyk eulk iapeh vls uko vkgs- vk”kk< oAA

10 eh iklwu 13’kh Ik;Zar Hkwekrk foVkG’kh vlrs vls ekuwu R;k

eqnrhr tehu ukaxj.ks] ch isj.ks] izokl dj.ks oxSjs oT;Z vkgs vls

caxkY;kr ekurkr- ;k dkykl vacqokph gs uko vkgs- pkSF;k fno’kh

nxMkl Luku ?kkywu QqyakP;k ekGk okgrkr o Hkwekrk iquhr >kyh

vls letrkr- iq<s yodjp o”kkZdkykl izakjHk gksrks o rh xHkZorh

gksÅu /kkU; nsrs vls leto.;kr ;srs- ;ko:u gk l.k ikolkGk

izkajHk gks.;kP;k iwohZpk vkgs vls fnlrs- vekoL;sl nhiiwtk

dj.;kph pky vkgs-102

ukxiapeh ozr gs ,d L=hozr vkgs- ;kr Jko.k ‘kq) prqFkhZyk

fL=;k ,dHkqDr djrkr- iapehP;k fno’kh ldkGh vHkaX; Luku d:u

panukus ikp Q.;akP;k ukxkps fp= dk<rkr- ukxkalkscr ukxiRU;kgh

fprkjrkr- ?kjkP;k fHkarh xkse;kus lkjowu R;kojgh ukxkd`rh js[krkr-

uarj ladYi d:u ukxkph iwtk djrkr- fnolHkj miokl o

la/;kdkGh ukxkyk nw/k ykg;kapk uSos| nk[kowu czkã.kklg f[kjhps

Hkkstu djrkr- m|kiukP;k osGh iqjksfgrkl xk; o lqo.kkZph ukx

izfrek nku nsrkr- R;krwu lkSHkkX; /ku&/kkU; o larrh ;akph QyizkIrh

gksrs- gs ozr o”kZHkj djkos- vls dkgh fBdk.kh lkafxrys vlwu

izfreklh Øekus vaur] oklqdh] ‘ks”k b- }kn’k ukxkaps iwtu

czkã.kHkkstu o o”kkZUrh ozrks|kiu djkos vlsgh lkafxrys vkgs-

lkSjk”Vªkr gs ozr Jko.k o| iapehyk djrkr( rj vU;= Hkknzin ‘kq)

iapehyk djrkr-103

On”Vks)j.kiapeh gs ,d ozr vkgs- T;kpk ,[kknk vkIrLodh;

liZna’kkus e`r >kyk vlsy R;kus gs ozr djk;ps vlrs- Hkknzin ‘kq)

558

iapeh gh ;k ozrkph vkjaHk frFkh gks;- ozrko/kh ,d o”kZ- ;k ozrkr

lksus pkanh ykdwM fdaok fpd.kekrh ;kaph iapQ.kk;qä ukxizfrek

r;kj d:u frph iwtk djrkr- izR;sd efg.;kyk ukxakP;k ckjk

ukokaiSdh ,dsdk ukokus gh iwtk djk;ph vlrs- ;keqGs liZna’kkus e`r

>kysY;k euq”;kpk m)kj gksrks-104

mÙkjsdMs j{kkca/ku ukokpk fo/kh dsyk tkrks- Eg.kwup ;k

ikSf.kZesyk jk[kh ikSf.kZek vls rsFkhy yksd Eg.krkr- jtiwr yksdkargh

j{kkca/kukph pky vkgs- iwoZdkyh ;k fno’kh Jko.kh ukxkpk ukxizhR;FkZ

ikd;K dsyk tkr vls- ukxkiklwu btk iksgkspw u;s Eg.kwup gk ;K

djhr vlr- R;kpsp :ikarj gksÅu j{kkca/kukpk fo/kh izpkjkr vkyk

vlkok- dkj.k fo’ks”kr% ukxklkj[;k fo”kkjh izk.;kP;k na’kkiklwu

vie`R;w izkIr gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu j{kkca/ku djhr vlrkr o cgh.k cgq/kk

HkkokP;k gkrkr j{kk ckaf/kr vlrs- ‘k=wP;k daiwr fcufnDdr tkÅu

;k fno’kh jtiwr fL=;k vkiY;k irh’kh ;q) dj.kkÚ;k ‘k=wP;k gkrkr

j{kk cka/khr vlr- R;keqGs }s”kHkko foj?kGwu tkÅu mHk; i{kkr

lyks[kk gksr vls] vls lkaxrkr- T;kizek.ks ijLij izse o eS=h

ok<fo.;klkBh rhGxwG okV.;kpk laiznk; :< vkgs] R;kpizek.ks gk

j{kkca/kukpk fo/kh lektkrhy ,sD; o izseHkko ok<fo.;klkBh ;q)

dq’ky v’kk jtiwr yksdkr :< >kyk vlkok-105

,[kk|kyk liZna’kkus e`R;w vkyk vlrk R;kP;k vkIrkauh R;kP;k

e`R;wuarj thoukP;k lq[kkogrslkBh djk;kps ,d ozr Eg.kts liZna’kozr

gks;- ozrdR;kZus dks.kR;kgh efgU;kP;k ‘kqDy iapehP;k fno’kh miokl

d:u fiBkP;k iapQ.kk;qä ukxizfresph iwtk djkoh- ik;lkékps

czkã.kHkkstu ?kkykos- ?k`rkP;k vkgqrh nsÅu gkse djkok- ex lqo.kkZph

ukxizfrek czkã.kkyk nku nsÅu ozrlekIrh djkoh-106

559

dks.kR;kgh ‘kq) iapehyk liZiapeh gs ozr djrkr- dR;kZus R;k

fno’kh i;ksozr ikGkos o lqo.kkZpk liZ czkã.kkyk nku |kok- R;keqGs

likZiklwu vHk; izkIr gksrs-107

liZlaLdkjfo/kh gk ,d laLdkj vkgs- gk panzn’kZu;qä

vekoL;sl] ikSf.kZesl fdaok iapehl djkok] vls lkafxrys vkgs- T;kus

;k fdaok iwoZtUeh liZo/k dsyk vlsy] R;kus rks yksdkl fuosnu

d:u rRizhR;FkZ pkSnk —PNªkaps izk;f’pr djkos- izk;f’pÙkknk[ky

czkã.kkyk yksgnaM vxj yksgnaMkps ewY; |kos- ex jkGs] ozhgh] xgw

vFkok rhG ;kaP;k fiBkph liZizfrek cuowu lqikr Bsokoh- izkFkZuksÙkj

R;k liZizfresph iwtk djkoh- ex izk.kk;ke d:u laLdkjkpk ladYi

djkok- laLdkj dekZuarj ykSfddkXuhph izfr”Bk d:u R;kr lfe/kk

VkdkO;k- vXuhP;k vkXu;hyk mndkps izks{k.k d:u fprh djkoh- ex

vkXus;h fn’ksl vxz d:u nHkZ iljkos- uarj vXuhps ifjlewgu]

ifjLrj.k] i;Zq{k.k d:u iwtu djkos- uarj b/ek/kku] vk/kkjgkse o

pk{kq”khgkse d:u liZ fprhoj Bsokok- likZP;k eq[kkr leLr O;kgrhus

vkT;gkse djkok- L;qO;kus ‘ks”k vkT; likZoj ?kkykos- pelik=krhy

mndkus vH;q{k.k d:u ^vXus j{kk .kks* ;k ea=kus vXuh |kok-

R;kosGh ^ueks vLrq liksZH;ks* ;k ea=kus miL;ku djkos- uarj izkFkZuk

djkoh-108

ekxZ’kh”kZ ‘kq) iapehyk ukxfnokGh vls Eg.krkr- ;k fno’kh

ukxizfresph iwtk dj.;kph o ?kjkr tso<s iq#”k vlrhy- R;krhy

izR;sdkP;k ukokps ,dsd iDoké d:u R;koj fnok yko.;kph izFkk

egkjk”Vªkr vkgs- fnok gs nh?kkZ;q”;kps izrhd vkf.k ukx gs dqGkP;k

ewG iq#”kkps izrhd ekurkr- ;k ewG iq#”kkP;k —isus ?kjkrY;k g;kr

iq#”kkauk nh?kkZ;q”; ykHkkos vlk ;kr mÌs’k vlrks-109 ekxZ’kh”kZ ‘kqDy

iapehyk ukxiwtk djrkr- ;kdfjrk iwoZ fno’kh lgk ?kfVdkagwu deh

v’kh prqFkhZ vlwu nqlÚ;k fno’kh lgk ?kfVdkagwu deh iapeh vlsy

560

rj nqlÚ;k fno’kh ¼iapehP;k fno’khp½ ukxiwtk djkoh- iapeh

lw;ksZn;kiklwu lgk ?kfVdkais{kk vf/kd vlY;kl R;kp fno’kh ukxiwtk

gksbZy-110

‘kkafriapeh gs ,d dkE;ozr vkgs- vkf’ou ‘kq) iapehyk gs

uko vkgs- ckjk ukx gs ;k ozrkph nsork gksr- ;k fno’kh nwokZps ckjk

ukx o R;kaP;k ‘kstkjh banzk.khph ewrhZ ekaMwu R;kaph iwtk djkoh vkf.k

nw/k o rhG ;kaps gou djkos] vls lkafxrys vkgs- v’kh ckjk efgus

ckjk ukxkaph iwtk ‘kq) iapehP;k fno’kh d:u m|kukP;k osGh

lqo.kkZps ukx d:u R;kaps nku djkos- ;k ozrkeqGs ukxkaps Hk; u”V

gksÅu ‘kkarh ykHkrs- okjkgiqjk.kkr ;k ozrkpk osxGk i;kZ; lkafxryk

vkgs- rks vlk & dkfrZd ‘kq) iapehyk ozrkjaHk djkok- R;k fno’kh

ik.kh fiÅ u;s- jk=h ‘ks”k’kk;h o v”Vukx ;kaph iwtk djkoh-111

thoRiqf=dkozr gs ,d L=hozr vkgs- vkf’ou ‘kq- v”Vehl mÙkj

izns’kkrhy iq=orh fL=;k gs ozr djrkr- ;k fno’kh miokl d:u nku

nsrkr- gs ozr dsY;kus iq=’kksd gksr ukgh] vls lkafxrys vkgs-112

ukxozr gs ,d dkE;ozr vkgs- ;kps iq<hy nksu i;kZ; vkgsr-

dkfrZd ‘kq) r`rh;sl ozr/kkjh O;ähus miokl djk;pk vlrks vkf.k

‘ks”k] ‘ka[kiky o brj ukx ;akph iwtk d:u R;kauk ldkGh o nqikjh

nw/k iktk;ps vlrs- R;keqGs liZHk;kpk ifjgkj gksrks- dkfrZd ‘kq)

iapehyk deGkP;k ikukoj ukxkph ewrhZ Bsowu R;kyk iapke`rkpk

vfHk”ksd dj.ks o uarj gksegou dj.ks] vlk ;kpk fo/kh vkgs- ;keqGs

fo”kck/ksiklwu eqärk vkf.k Hkk;kZ]larrh o ,s’o;Z ;kaph izkIrh gksrs-113

‘kkafrozr] dkfrZd ‘kq) iapehyk ;k ozrkyk izkjaHk djkok- ,d

o”kZHkj vkacV inkFkZ oT;Z djkos- jk=h ‘ks”kkoj funzk dj.kkÚ;k vkf.k

y{ehP;k ekaMhoj ik; BsoysY;k fo”.kwP;k ewrhZph iwtk djkoh-

ik;kiklwu eLrdki;Zar izR;sd vo;o vkB ukxkaiSdh ,dsdkps izrhd

ekuwu R;kph iwtk djkoh- ukxewrhZuk nw/kkus Luku ?kkykos- m|kiukP;k

561

osGh lksU;kpk ukx] ,d xk; o lksus nku |kos- R;keqGs liZfo”kkP;k

ladVkiklwu eqärk gksrs-114 Jh okjkg egkiqjk.kkr ‘kkafrozrkpk mYys[k

vkgs- v/;k; 58 e/;s ‘kkafrozrkpk fo/kh fnysyk vkgs-115

Ikkacu rqG~Gy dsjGkrhy ,d ukxiwtkfo/kh vkgs- ukxnsokyk

izlé BsoY;keqGs eqys gksrkr o R;kauk mnaM vk;qjkjksX; izkIr gksrs]

v’kh dsjGkrhy fL=;kaph letwr vkgs- R;klkBh R;k iq<hy fo/kku

djrkr- ,[kk|k lqeqgqrkZoj iqYyqou uked iqjksfgrkyk cksykorkr- rks

lekjaHkLFkGh ;srks vkf.k jkaxksGÓkk ?kkywu o iwtklkfgR; r;kj d:u

?ksÅu clrks- ex ;k fo/kkukr Hkkx ?ks.kkÚ;k uk;j eqyh lqLukr gksÅu

,dk jkaxsus iqjksfgrkleksj clrkr- uraj dksMe uked ok|kP;k

lkFkhoj ukxLrks=s xkf;yh tkrkr- ;kosGh dkgh eqyhaP;k vaxkr

ukxnsokpk lapkj gksÅu rks R;k eqyhaP;k iSdh ,dhP;k }kjs vU;

eqyhauk euksjFk iw.kZ gks.;kpk vk’khokZn nsrks- ikacu rqG~Gy ;k

‘kCnkpk vFkZ liZu`R; vlk vkgs-116

Ukkxqypforh gk vka/kzizns’kkrhy ,d l.k- ;kpk vFkZ ukxprqFkhZ

vlk gksrks- ;k fno’kh ck;dk nw/k ?ksÅu ukxkP;k ok#Gk’kh tkrkr o

ukxkyk nw/k ?kkyrkr- ?kjkrhy ek.kls o xqjs ;kauk o”kZHkj lkikpk

minzo gksÅ u;s] gk ;k l.kkpk mÌs’k vlrks-117

3-12 liZfo”kgkjh nsork %

fganw /kekZr T;k fofo/k O;arj nsorkaph fufeZrh >kyh- R;kr

{ks=ikG nsorkapkgh lekos’k vkgs- liZfo”kgkjh nsork ;k O;arj

nsorkaP;k :ikr iwtY;k tkrkr- liZfo”kkiklwu gks.kkjh th ck/kk vlrs-

R;kpk ifjgkj ;k nsorkaP;k miklusrwu gksrks- ukjk;.kLokeh gk n-

Hkkjrkrhy ,d nso vkgs- gk liZfo”kkph ck/kk nwj djrks] v’kh letwr

vkgs- ;kP;k fo”k;hph ,d dFkk izpfyr vkgs] rh iq<hyizek.ks &

ß,d eqyxk ,dnk fe=kalg jkukr ykdMs vk.kk;yk xsyk gksrk- frFks

,d ok:G gksrs- rs ikgwu R;kP;k vaxkr dks.kR;k rjh nSoh izsj.kspk

562

lapkj >kyk vkf.k rks R;k ok#Gkr f’kjyk- cjkscj vl.kkÚ;k fe=kauh

?kjh ;sÅu gh gfddr R;kP;k vkbZckikyk lkafxryh- rh nks?ks

ok#GktoG ;sÅu R;kyk gkdk ekjhr rhu fnol frFks /kj.ks /k:u

clyh- ex rks eqyxk ok#Gkrwu ckgsj vkyk rsOgk R;kP;k gkrkuk

likZps foG[ks gksrs- ex rks vkyk- yksdakuk R;kus lkafxrys dh]

dks.kkyk lki pkoyk rj R;kus nxM MksD;koj ?ksÅu ok#GktoG tkos

vkf.k ^ukjk;.kLokeh* v’kh gkd ekjkoh Eg.kts fo”k mrjsy- ,o<s

lkaxwu iqUgk rks ok#Gkr vn`’; >kyk- dkgh fnol xsY;koj rks

xkokrY;k eqykaP;k vaxkr ;sÅu R;kuk =kl nsÅ ykxyk- ex yksdkauh

R;kps nsÅG cka/kys vkf.k R;kph iwtk lq: dsyh-Þ118

tkgjihj gk eqlyekukaP;k ikp ihjkaiSdh eq[; ohj- ;kyk xqXxk

vlsgh uko vkgs- gk pkSgku jtiwr dqGkr tUekyk vlwugh eqlyeku

yksd ;kyk ihj Eg.kwu Hktrkr- liZfo”k u”V dj.;kps lkeF;Z ;kP;k

vaxh gksrs- Eg.kwu ;kyk tkgjihj gs uko feGkys vlkos vls fnlrs-

ozteaMykr tkxj.k fdaok vU; /kkfeZd iazlxh ;kP;k ukokph vusd

xhrs xk;yh tkrkr- ekjokM o iatkc ;k izns’kkr tkgjihjkph iwtk

dj.kkjs yksd iq”dG vkgsr- frFks ukxiapehyk xqXxkiapeh Eg.krkr o

R;kfno’kh tkgjihjkph iwtk djrkr- dkgh yksd R;kP;k nxMh ewrhZyk

iwtrkr-119 yksdleqnk;kpk ,d nso ;kyk xqxk fdaok xksxk vlsgh

Eg.krkr- iatkc o m- izns’k ;k Hkkxkr ;kph izfl)h vkgs- xqXxkpk

tUe iatkce/;s >kyk vls lkaxrkr- R;kyk tkfgjihj vlsgh uko

vkgs( i.k Jh gfjfd’ku dkSy ;kaP;k ers] R;kps [kjs uko tgfj;kihj

vls vkgs- ikG.;kr [ksGrkuk R;kus ,dk lkikps Mksds pks[kys gksrs-

R;kP;k fo”k;hP;k ,dk vk[;f;dsr R;kps uko eaMyhd gksrs- vls

lkafxrys vkgs- rh v[;f;dk v’kh&

ßo`ankouktoG x<naMjs ;sFks nsohpan pkSgku ukokpk jktk jkT;

djhr gksrk- R;kyk cjsp fnol iq=larku uOgrs- iq<s xksj[kukFkkP;k

563

d`isus R;kyk ,d iq= >kyk- R;kps uko R;kus eaMyhd Bsoys- rks lkr

o”kkZpk >kyk- rsOgk jktkus R;kyk xknhoj cloys- iq<s xkSMcaxkyP;k

lqftZyk uked jktdU;s’kh R;kps yXu Bjfoys( i.k oklqdh ukxkyk

R;k jktdU;sph vfHkyk”kk gksrh- Eg.kwu R;kus R;k yXukr fo?u

vk.kys- iq<s eaMyhdkps oklqdh ukxk’kh ;q) >kys- R;kr oklqdhpk

ijkHko >kyk- ex eaMyhdkus lqftZyk’kh yXu dsys- R;kuarj eaMyhd

ckjk o”ksZ lklqjokMhykp jkfgyk- xqXxk ej.k ikoyk gh xks”V yksdkr

izfl) >kyh( rjh R;kph iRuh lqftZyk fgyk rh ekU; gksbZuk- rh

Eg.ks] ek>k irh eyk jkst jk=h ;sÅu HksVrks( i.k xqxsjhyk rh xks”V

iVsuk- frus ,dk jk=h ikGr Bsoyh- e/;jk=h fryk [kjks[kjp xqXxk

fnlyk- rks ?kksM;ko:u [kkyh mrjY;koj rh ?kksMÓkkP;k xGÓkkyk

/k:u clyh- xqXxk lqftZykdMwu ijr vkyk vkf.k ?kksMÓkkoj Lokj

>kyk- FkksMÓkk osGkus R;kyk dGys dh vkiyh cgh.k ?kksMÓkkP;k

xG;kyk fcyxwu jkfgyh vkgs- rsOgk XkqXxkus fryk EgaVys]^ vkt rw

eyk ikfgysl ;kiq<s eh ijr ;s.kkj ukgh*-Þ

‘keh o`{kkP;k [kkyh xksxkthus ygkuls LFkku vlk;psp- gk

jktLFkkukrhy ikp ohjkaiSdh ,d gks;- liZnsorsP;k :ikr ;kph iwtk

dsoG jktLFkkukrp uOgs rj m-izns’k] fgekpy izns’k] iatkc b-

izns’kkrgh dsyh tkrs-

njo"khZ Hkknzin eklkr ;k fBdk.kh xksxkthP;k ukokus ,d ;k=k

ters- tks ek.kwl gh ;k=k djrks- R;kyk liZna’kkph Hkhrh mjr ukgh-

v’kh yksd/kkj.kk vkgs- jktLFkkukrhy nnjsok gh R;kph tUeHkweh gks;-

jktLFkkukr Hkknzin o| uoehyk xksxk uoeh Eg.krkr- R;k

fno’kh xksxkpk loZ= mRlo gksrks- R;k mRloklkBh dqaHkkj yksd xksxkph

,d ekrhph ewrhZ r;kj djrkr o oktrxktr frph fejo.kwd

czkã.kkP;k ?kjh usrkr- frFks R;k ewrhZph iwtk djfoY;koj fryk

564

?kksMÓkkoj clowu frph fejo.kwd dk<rkr- frFkys yksd ;k ewrhZyk

tkuoh o ?kkjxs gs inkFkZ viZ.k djrkr-120

tkaxqyh ,d ckS) nsorkgh ckjk /kkfj.khiSadh lgkoh nsork

vkgs- liZfo”kkph ck/kk nwj dj.kkjh Eg.kwu fgph izfl)h vkgs- fgP;k

ukokps vusd ea=gh vkgsr- faganwP;k fo”kgjh fdaok eulk nsoh’kh fgps

lk/kE;Z vkgs-

lk/kuekyk ;k xzaFkkr tkaxqyh nsohph nksu izdkjph /;kus

of.kZysyh vkgsr] rh v’kh 1½ ,deq[k] prqHkqZt] tVkeqdqV/kkjh]

‘kqHkzo.kZ] ‘kqHkz jRukyadkj o ‘kqHkz liZ ;kauh foHkwf”kr] i'kwaoj vk:<

>kysyh nksu gkrkauh oh.kkoknu dj.kkjh] MkO;k gkrkr ‘kqHkz liZ

/kj.kkjh o mtO;k gkrkus vHk;eqnzk n’kZfo.kkjh- 2½ f=eq[k] uhy] ihr]

‘kqHkzo.kkZph] “kMHkqt] mtO;k rhu gkrkr [kM~x] otz o ck.k vkf.k

MkO;k rhu gkrkr ik’k] uhydey o /kuq”; /kkj.k dj.kkjh]

ukxQ.khoj vk:<] fnO; oL=kyadkjkauh foHkwf”kr] dkSek;Z y{k.kkauh

eafMr vkf.k eLrdh v{kksH;kph izfrek /kkj.k dj.kkjh- ;k nsohps

,deq[kh] f}Hkqt o xkSjo.kZ vlsgh :i vk<Grs- fgps ,d usikGh fp=

miyC/k vkgs- gh nsoh cq)kP;k dkGkrhy vlwu] cq)kus Lor% vkuan

;k f’k”;kyk frps jgL; o frP;k iwtspk ea= dFku dsyk gksrk] vls

Eg.krkr- iq”dG ckS) yksd fgyk Hktrkr-121

egkek;wjh ,d ckS) nsork vkgs- fgph iapj{kkeaMykr x.kuk

gksrs- gh /;kuhcq) veks?kfl)h ;kP;kiklwu mRié >kY;kps ekurkr-

Eg.kwup fgP;k eqdqVkoj veks?kfl)hph izfrek dksjysyh vlrs- gh

gfjr o.kkZph vlwu f=eq[k o “kM~Hkqt vlrs- fgps mtohdMhy eq[k

fuGs vkf.k MkohdMhy eq[k xkSj vlrs- gh ,dk gkrkr eksjfilkjk

/kkj.k djrs vkf.k fgpk ,d gkr ojn eqnzsr vlrks- vU; gkrkr

/kuq”;ck.k] jru o deaMyw ;k oLrw vlrkr- fgP;k xGÓkkr lqanj

vyadkj vlwu] gh ‘k`axkjHkko n’kZfors- gh v/kZi;Zdklu fLFkrhr

565

vlrs- gh liZfo”k mrjfo.kkjh nsork vkgs] vls ekuys tkrs- fgyk

fo|knsohgh ekurkr-122

caxkye/;s liZfo”kgkjh nsork Eg.kwu eulsph iwtk dsyh tkrs-

frpk mRlo rs eksBÓkk FkkVkekVkr djrkr- vk”kk<] Jko.k] Hkknzin o

vkf’ou ;k pkj efgU;kr fryk cksdMkpk cGh nsrkr o Hkkr] feBkbZ]

QGs b- inkFkkZapk uSos| nk[korkr- ukxiapehP;k fno’kh frph prqHkqZt

ewrhZ cuowu frph fejo.kwd dk<rkr o uarj ,[kk|k tyk’k;kr frps

foltZu djrkr- ikolkGÓkkr liZna’kkph Hkhrh vlrs- rks gksÅ u;s

Eg.kwu ckxMh eulsyk Hktrkr-123

fo”kgkjh ,d xzkensork vkgs- gh liZna’kkps fo”k gj.k djrs]

Eg.kwu fryk gs uko feGkys vlkos- e/; izns’kkrhy o mÙkj

izns’kkrhy dkaph tekrhps yksd fgps mikld vkgsr- mÙkj izns’kkr

fgph vusd eafnjs vk<Grkr- ;k izns’kkrhy yksd ‘khrGk nsohykp

fo”kgkjh vFkok /kj.khekrk vls Eg.krkr- fgyk eulk vlsgh ,d uko

vkgs-124

dslfj;k dqWaaoj gk jktLFkkukryk ,d nsogk xksxkth pkSgku

;kpk iq= fdaok lacaf/kr vlkok] vls ekurkr- xksxkth gk ns[khy ,d

nsop gksrk- jktLFkkuh fL=;k Hkknzin —“.k v”VehP;k fno’kh R;kph

iwtk djrkr- dslfj;k gk ukxizfresP;k :ikr vk<Grks- ;kyk [khj o

pqjek ;kapk uSos| nk[kforkr- jks[kkoVhP;k cgqrsd loZ dlC;kr

dslfj;kP;k iwtspk iz?kkr vkgs- ^iùk ukx.kdk tk;k* vls Eg.kwu

fL=;k ;kyk oanu djrkr-125

HkSjo gk f’koifjokjkrhy vlwu {ks=ikynsork Eg.kwu ejkBh

yksdthoukyk toGph vkgs- {ks=ikynsork xkokps j{k.k djrkr v’kh

J)k yksdekulkr :tysyh vlY;keqGs yksdnso Eg.kwugh

yksdthoukr HkSjokyk LFkku vkgs- vktgh xzkeh.k Hkkxkr xkokoj

ladV vkys vlsy] nq”dkG iMyk vlsy vkf.k jksxjkbZ iljyh

566

vlsy rj xkokpk j{k.kdrkZ Eg.kwu HkSjokyk lkdMs ?kky.;kph izFkk

dkgh Hkkxkr vk<Grs-

HkSjo f’koifjokjkrhy vlY;keqGs f’koifjokjkrhy Hkwrfi’kkPp

ukx ;kapk xkokrhy yksdkauk minzo >kY;kl HkSjokph izkFkZuk d:u

R;kph —ik laiknu dj.;kph izFkk dkgh Hkkxkr ikgko;kl feGrs-

,[kk|k O;ähl liZna’k >kyk rj R;kykgh HkSjokP;k eafnjkr Bsowu

HkSjokph mikluk dsyh tkrs- R;keqGs liZna’kkps fo”k mrjrs vlk

yksdkapk fo’okl vkgs-126

3-13 liZ vkf.k dky %

likZpk laca/k gk dkGk’kh tksMysyk vkgs- ukxca/kkpk vFkZ

dkykrhrrk vlk ykoyk tkrks- ikSjkf.kd lanHkkZr x#Mkpk i{k ?ksÅu

vfnrhlkBh x.ks’kkus ukxka’kh ;q) d:u R;kauk ftadys vlk mYys[k

vkgs- x.ks’kkus ukxkpk es[kysizek.ks vkf.k ;Kksiohr Eg.kwugh mi;ksx

dsysyk vk<Grks-127 ra=ekxhZ; x.ks’kmikluse/;s x.ks’kewrhZyk nksu

,soth rhu MksGs nk[kfoysys vkgsr- nksu MksGs ckfjd xksy] rj frljk

dikGkoj frjdl] v:an] ykacV] T;ksrhP;k vkdkjkpk vlrks-

dikGkoj panzdksj fdaok d/khd/kh vkMO;k xa/kkP;k rhu js?kk vlrkr-

rFkkfi dikGkojhy panzdksj fdaok d/khd/kh vkMO;k xa/kkP;k rhu js?kk

vlrkr- rFkkfi dikGkojhy panzdksj o frljk MksGk ulysY;kp

ra=ekxhZ; ewrhZ vf/kd izpfyr vkgsr- ;k ewrhZpk izrhdkRed vFkZ

vlk fnyk vkgs- f’kjksHkkxh Eg.kts dky:i xfr’kfä;qDr L=”Vk]

‘kCnczã] iapeq[kliZ Eg.kts iaprÙokuqlkj dk;Z dj.kkjk dky-

eLrdkojhy panzdksj gh lksejlL=kod /kuhHkwrh ve`rrÙo- lksaM

v/kZek=sizek.ks ukn o R;kleosr eksnd gk fcanw- gkrkrhy f=’kwy

f=xq.kkRed f=’käh- ij’kw gk vfo|spk gUrk- ,dk gkrkrhy ykMw gk

l`”Vhpk ladsrfcanw- mafnj gk ;sFks /kekZps izrhd ekuysyk vkgs-128

567

ugqvk dforse/;s dkgh fo/khRed fn’kkaps lanHkZ ;srkr-

dforse/;s dkgh izrhdkRed Hkkx ;srks- iwosZdMhy fn’kk gh ohtsph

|ksrd vkgs- ok?k] x#M] liZ] manhj o ykaMxk gs iwosZdMhy fioGÓkk

jaxkP;k lanHkkZr ;srkr- if’pedsMhy fn’kk gh uofufeZrh’kh o

iqufufeZrh’kh fuxfMr vkgs- iqutZUek’kh fuxfMr vkgs- R;keqGs

L=htxrk’kh ;k fn’kspk egÙoiw.kZ lanHkZ vkgs- tsOgk lw;kZLr gksrks rsOgk

chps :ikarj jksiVÓkke/;s gksrs- fioGk jax gk QGk’kh fuxfMr vkgs-

lqQyhdj.kk’kh fuxfMr vkgs-

nsokus fuekZ.k dsysY;k txrke/;s lq#okrhyk LoxZ o i`Foh vlk

dks.krkgh izdkj uOgrk- dkykarjkus rs osxosxGs >kys vkf.k R;kauh

Lor%ps nsoRo fl) dsys vkf.k Lor%ps vejRogh fl/n dsys- R;kuarj

i`Fohoj R;kauh xor] ioZr f’k[kjs tUekyk ?kkryh vkf.k R;k fBdk.kh

iqu% tUe ?ksryk- R;k fBdk.kh rs LoxkZrwu vorjys-129

3-14 fo’opSrU;;qDr liZ %

likZps ‘ksiwV R;kP;kp eq[kkr vl.ks] vls fuekZ.k >kysys orqZG

gs iw.kZRokdMwu iw.kZRokdMps izrhd vkgs- ;krwu oSf’od vuarrk]

fo’opSrU; b- xq.koSf’k”VÓks lkeksjs ;srkr- vusdnk likZpk laca/k gk

vkdk’kxaxs’kh tksMyk tkrks- ukWlZ feFkdke/;s fo’olikZus Lor%P;kp

‘ksiVhpk pkok ?ksrysyk nk[kfoysyk vkgs- fganw feFkddFkkae/;s fo”.kw

gk oSf’od tykP;k ‘ks”k likZoj folkoysyk vkgs- ‘ks”k gk vusdnk

^vuar* ;k ukokus lacks/kyk tkrks- vuar Eg.kts T;kyk var ukgh

vlk tks] Eg.ktsp ‘ks”k- e/; vesfjdsP;k vusd tekrhae/;s fo’oliZ

gk es?kkaP;k Lo:ikr iwtyk tkrks- es?kkapk laca/k gk vkdk’kxaxs’kh

tksMysyk vkgs-130 fganw T;ksfr”k’kkL=kr es?kkauk ukx lacks/kys vkgs-

xzhd feFkdkauqlkj vkdk’k vkf.k u{k= ;kapk izHkko i`Fohoj

lrr gksr vlrks- xzhd feFkdke/;s gsjkfDyl ¼gD;qZyl½ ;kus gk;Mªk

568

likZpk o/k dsysyk vkgs- v’kk izdkjP;k feFkdkae/kwu liZ gk fulxkZps

ÅtkZL=ksr Eg.kwu ekU;rk izkIr >kysyk vkgs-131

i`Fohojhy izR;sd jk”Vªkae/;s osxosxGÓkk ekuoh lewgkr

liZfo”k;d fofo/k dYiuk vkgsr- R;k xw<] Hkhfrnk;d o vejRokP;k

vkgsr- dkj.k ,dw.kp ekuoh lewgkyk gh ckc Hk;kud Lo:ikph

vkgs- dkj.k R;kpk cny.kkjk jax o cny.kkjh Ropk ghp R;kyk

vejRo iznku djrs- likZP;k eq[kke/;s R;kphp ‘ksiVh vlrs- R;keqGs

rks orqZGkdkj gksrks- Eg.kwu R;kph lq#okr o ‘ksoV letwu ;sr ukgh-

osxosxGÓkk dykdqljhe/;s gs n’kZfo.;kr ;srs- izR;sd liZ n’kZfork

;sbZyp vls ukgh- Hkqtax ek= vfo”k/kkjh liZ vkgs-

QkWu ;kaP;k Eg.k.;kuqlkj tsOgk i`Fohph fufeZrh >kyh rsOgk

likZus vkiY;k osVksGÓkke/;s i`Fohyk /kjys gksrs vkf.k ekuotkrhyk

i`Fohoj jkg.;kl tkxk fnyh- R;kaP;k Eg.k.;kuqlkj likZps 3]500

osVksGs gs i`FohP;k oj vkf.k 3]500 osVksGs gs i`FohP;k [kkyh

vk/kkjklkBh vkgsr- v'kkp izdkjP;k nqlÚ;k dFkse/;s ] pkj LraHkkP;k

Lo:ikr likZus LoxkZyk vk/kkj fnysyk vkgs- R;kiSdh rhu LraHk gs

dkGÓkk] ika<Ú;k o yky jaxkps vkgsr- T;kP;k vFkZ jk=] fnol o

la/khizdk’k vlk gksrks- gs jax Eg.ktsp LraHk gks;-

ik.;krhy pSrU;kps izrhd Eg.kts liZ gks;- ;kapk laca/k gk

i`Foh[kkyhy ik.;k’kh ;srks- rs leqnzkr jkgrkr vkf.k u ikfgysY;k

loksZPp ‘kähps rs okgd vlrkr- likZps osVksGs gs fnlr ukghr(

ijarq rs i`FohHkksorh vkgs vkf.k LoxkZyk vk/kkj nsrkr- liZ gs okgrh

unh] leqnz ;ke/;s fuokl djrkr- ohtspk izdk’k tsOgk ik.;koj

iMrks] tsOgk ik.;koj rjax mBrkr vkf.k rks vkokt nwjoj iljrks-

vxnh lq#okrhyk i`Fohoj loZ= ik.kh gksrs] R;kosGh liZp jkgr gksrs-

R;krwup osxosxGÓkk u|kaps izokg fuekZ.k >kys vkf.k thol`”Vh

569

mn;kyk vkyh- tsOgk likZauh fuekZR;kph Hkwfedk ?ksryh rsOgk

osxosxGÓkk ioZrkaph fufeZrh dsyh-

;k dFksP;k osxosxGÓkk yksdko`Ùkhe/;s likZus Lor% tUe ?ksryk-

R;kuarj R;kP;k eq[kkrwu fuekZR;kyk tUe fnyk vkf.k orZeku i`Fohph

fufeZrh dsyh- izR;sd jk=h tsOgk ioZr vpy gksrkr- rsOgk liZ tkxs

gksrkr vkf.k tsOgk ekuo IkoZr [kksnrkr rsOgk R;kph pkgwy ykxrs-

tsOgk fuekZR;kuh R;kph fuehZrh Fkkacoyh rsOgk R;kus osxosxGs ioZr]

o`{k vkf.k egkdk; izk.kh ikfgys rsOgk i`Fohyk tye; gks.;kiklwu

dls Fkkacokos gk iz’u R;kP;kiq<s fuekZ.k >kyk- rsOgk rks likZyk

Eg.kkyk dh] LoRk%Pkh ‘ksiVh rksaMkr /k:u ;k i`Fohyk vk/kkj ns- rsOgk

rks liZ orqZGkdkj >kyk- tsOgk likZyk dks.kR;kgh izdkjph m”.krk

feGr uOgrh rsOgk fuekZR;kus dkgh yky ekdMkauk ts lewgkr jkgr

gksrs R;kauk vé f’kto.;klkBh yks[akMh LraHk vk.k.;kl lkafxrys

tsOgk rks Hkwdsyk gksrk rsOgk likZus Lor%pk vkdkj o fLFkrh cnyyh

rsOgk Hkwdai >kyk- ekdM gs yks[kaMh LraHk vk.k.;kl v;’kLoh >kys

Eg.kwu likZus Lor%P;k eq[kkr LoRk%ph ‘ksiVh idMwu Bsoyh gksrh- gs

loZ i`Fohcjkscj ?kMys tsOgk i`Fohoj ncko iMsy rsOgk rh iqu%

leqnze; gksbZy vkf.k rks txkpk var vlsy-132 vejRo iznku

>kysyk liZ gk Lor%P;k rkasMkr Lor%ps ‘ksiwV /kjysyk vkgs- R;keqGs

rks orqZGkdkj >kysyk vkgs- R;keqGs R;kph lq#okr o ‘ksoV d/khgh

letwu ;sr ukgh- vkfÝdse/;s gs izrhd loZlkekU;i.ks Lohdkjys

tkrs-133

uk;tsjh;krhy Fkks#ck iWuye/;s liZ vkf.k dklo ;kaph iwtk

dsyh tkrs- nkgksehP;k nSordFkkae/;s liZ gk i`Fohyk 3]500

osVksGÓkkauh oj vkf.k [kkywu vk/kkj nsrks- R;kpizek.ks pkj LraHkkP;k

ek/;ekrwu rks vkdk’kkyk vk/kkjgh nsrks- mÙkj uk;tsfj;kr gkÅlk

izns’kkrhy dSyoh’k tekrhr eafnjkP;k HkwHkkxkps nksu lekarj Hkkx

570

dj.;kr vkys- R;kyk LoxZ vkf.k i`Foh v’kh ukos ns.;kr vkyh-

eafnjkpk ojpk Hkkx gk vkdk’k let.;kr vkyk rj [kkypk Hkkx gk

i`Foh let.;kr vkyk-

xqfu;k tekrhrhy ckxk yksdkr likZyk oSf’k”VÓkiw.kZ i)rhus

lktjs dsys tkr- lgk QwV maphP;k ykdMkyk likZlkj[ks dksjys tkrs

vkf.k jaxoys tkrs- ,dk nSordFksuqlkj i`Fohojhy ty v|kigh

likZeqGs osxosxGÓkk u|ke/;s izokghr vkgs- R;keqGs fo’okyk thou

iznku gksrs-134

liZ gs vej thoukps izfrfu/kh Eg.kwu ;srkr- vusd

ijhdFkkae/kwu vkf.k xzhd egkdkO;krwu ;kps lanHkZ feGrkr- likZus

e`R;woj fot; feGfoysyk vkgs- feykukfl;u vkf.k nf{k.k vesfjdu

ijaijsuqlkj likZus ekuokyk d`”khps Kku fnysys vkgs- izkphu bftIr

e/;s jsuuV gh liZ nsork d`”kh lqQyhdj.kk’kh fuxfMr vkgs-

R;kpizek.ks ty vkf.k QGka’kh ns[khy fuxfMr vkgs- nf{k.k if’pe

vkf’k;k vkf.k phue/;s liZ gh tynsork Eg.kwu izfl) vkgs-

vWfj>ksu izns’kkrhy gksih bafM;Ul tekrhr vkWxLV efgU;ke/;s liZ

mRlo lktjk dsyk tkrks- iwoZ Hkkjrke/;s ns[khy likZpk laca/k gk

lqQyhdj.kk’kh vkgs- Hkkjrkrhy vusd xzkeh.k Hkkxkrwu eqykaP;k

tUekuarj liZiwtk dsyh tkrs- vesfjdu laLd`rhe/;s Qkywl ;k nqgsjh

likZph izrhd Eg.kwu iwtk dsyh tkrs- izkphu eWfDldksrhy dksMsDl

cksftZ;k ;k tekrhr likZP;k ek/;ekrwu fyax ¼oh;Z½ fu;a=.k dsys

tkrs- izkphu xzhd xqgkae/;s MhesVj gh nsork liZ nsork Eg.kwu iwftyh

tkrs- liZ gk i`Fohoj vktgh ‘kfäo/kZd nsork Eg.kwu fojkteku vkgs-

vusd tekrhapk vlk fo’okl vkgs dh] likZyk iznh?kZ dkGkps thou

ykHkysys vkgs- R;k izek.ks R;kP;k RopsP;k cnyR;k jaxkeqGs rks vej

>kyk vkgs- jkseu laLd`rhe/;s liZ gk oS|d’kkL=kpk izfrfu/kh

¼thouo`{k½ Eg.kwu ;srks-135

571

3-15 liZ vkf.k fuekZrk %

vusd yksdlewgkrhy iqjk.k dFkake/;s liZ gk txrkph tuuh

Eg.kwu ;srks- fuekZrk Eg.kwu ;srks- Mª;qbM~l tekrhrhy izkphu

ijaijsuqlkj txrkph fufeZrh gh vaMÓkkrwu >kysyh vkgs- gs vaMs

likZP;k eq[kkrwu ckgsj iMysys vkgs- izkphu bftIr e/;s v’kk izdkjs

liZ nsorsps iwtu gksrs-

izkphu eWfDldks dFksuqlkj] vfodflr dky[kaMkr tyke/;s

,d lqanj L=h jkgr gksrh- Dosr>kdksVh o >dSV fyiksdk ;kauh

Lor%yk likZe/;s :ikrafjr dsys- R;kiSdh ,d i`Foh >kyk o nqljk

LoxZ >kyk- mÙkjif’pe vesfjdsrhy vkfnoklh tekrhe/;s vlk

let vkgs dh] fgokGÓkkr tsOgk frFks lw;Zizdk’k iMrks rsOgk frFks rks

va/kkjkps o ik.;koj vf/kjkT; xktorks- gs flflÅy ;k liZ nsorsP;k

ek/;ekrwu izdkf’kr dsys tkrs- jksly csVkaoj v’kh letwr vkgs dh]

oksuktks] th liZnsork vkgs] frusp csV o rkjkax.k ¼tehu o vkdk’k½

;kaph fufeZrh dsyh vkgs- mÙkj if’peh vkWLVsªfy;krhy muxkjhfu;u

;k tekrhr lq)k i`Fohph fufeZrh gh likZusp dsyh v’kh letwr

vkgs- i`Foh:ih vaMÓkkrwu ekuokpk loZ izFke iwoZt okaMftuk gk

tUekyk vkyk-136

Hkkjrkrhy fganw /kekZr lq)k ikSjkf.kd ok³~e;kr l`”Vhph fufeZrh

gh c`gr~ vaMÓkkrhy pSrU;kiklwu >kyh vls lkafxrys vkgs-

egkHkkjrkrhy vkfniokZr ¼vuqØef.kdkioZ½ c`gr~ vaMÓkkrhy

pSrU;kiklwu iq<s nsokfnd psrul`”Vh mn; ikoyh] v’kh uksan vkgs-

eq[; nso rsgsrhl vkgsr- vkB olw] vdjk #nz] ckjk vkfnR;] banz o

iztkirh gs rs gksr-137

ijes’oj vkf.k txr ;kph fufeZrh ,dnkp >kysyh vkgs-

R;kpk laca/k ik.kh vkf.k fgjO;k jaxklkj[kk vkgs- R;kpk ojpk v/kkZ

Hkkx gk ekuoklkj[kk vkgs rj [kkypk v/kkZ Hkkx gk likZlkj[kk vkgs-

572

R;kyk yky MksGs o csMdkpk vkokt gksrk- R;kyk v[kaM gkr gksrs

vkf.k R;kaP;k ‘kjhjkoj fgjos dsl gksrs- R;kP;koj ik.;kph ped

gksrh- R;kus vkB eqykauk tUe fnyk gksrk- R;k pSrU;kauk uqeks vls

lacks/k.;kr ;srs vkf.k rs LoxkZr ijes’ojkdMwu dkgh lwpuk

feGfo.;klkBh xsys gksrs- frFks R;kauk iwoZt fnlys- T;kaP;k va’kkiklwu

R;kaph fufeZrh >kyh gksrh- R;kusp txrke/;s pSrU; fuekZ.k dsys gksrs-

ts pSrU; Eg.kts ty gks;- uqeks gh tynsork >kyh- frP;k iklwup

izdk’kkph fufeZrh >kyh-138

3-16 banz/kuq”; vkf.k liZ %

banz/kuq”;kph izfrek gh i`Foh vkf.k vkdk’k ;krhy leUo;d

Eg.kwu ;srs- R;kpcjkscj likZph izfrek Eg.kwu ns[khy banz/kuq”; ;srks-

izkphu ijf’k;u feFkdke/;s] vkWLVªsfy;u dFkkae/;s mÙkj vkf.k nf{k.k

vesfjdu dFkkae/;s gh feFk BGdi.ks fnlwu ;srs- vkWLVªsfy;ke/;s

banz/kuw liZ gh egÙoiw.kZ nsork Eg.kwu lacks/kyh tkrs- fo’ks”k

Eg.kwu laL—rhph fuekZrh vkf.k lqQyhdj.k fo/khph tuuh Eg.kwu gh

nsork ;srs-

if’pe vkWfÝdse/;s ^nk* fdaok ^nku* ukokph liZ nsork vkgs-

fo’ks”k Eg.kts fgph vk—rh gh Lor%ps ‘ksiwV Lor%P;k rksaMke/;s

vl.kkjh vkgs- fo’ks”kr% nSohxq.k Eg.kwu banz/kuw vkf.k ik.kliZ gh

lqQyhdj.kkps izrhd Eg.kwu ;srs- ^nk* ;k nsorsiklwup nackyk gh

nsork tUekyk vkysyh vkgs- gh LoxZ vkf.k i`Foh ;kaP;krhy

leUo;d vkgs-

nf{k.k vesfjdsrhy vjkod feFkdke/;s banz/kuq”; gs ik.klikZps

izrhd Eg.kwu ;srs- n- dWfyQksfuZ;k e/;s lGlG.kkjk liZ gk

vkdk’kkps pSrU; Eg.kwu ;srks- okrkoj.kkrhy] gokekukrhy ;krqe;

cny gs ;k likZeqGsp ?kMrkr v’kh R;kaph /kkj.kk vkgs-139

573

ywb;k ;kP;k Eg.k.;kuqlkj] ijes’ojkus ikÅl fuekZ.k dsyk o

loZ ik.kh i`Fohoj ;sÅ ykxys- iM.kkÚ;k ikolkyk Fkkacfo.;kph

ijes’ojkyk xjt okVyh ukgh- rsOgk nksu banz/kuq”; fuekZ.k dsys- v:an

banz/kuq”; gk iq#”k gksrk rj :an banz/kuq”;kph L=h gksrh- iq#”k banz/kuq”;

ikÅl Fkkacow ‘kdr uOgrk( ijarq rks ifgyk –‘;eku >kyk- rks L=h

banz/kuq”;kph ekxs ykxyk rsOgk ikÅl Fkkacyk-

Msgkseh e/khy QkWu nSordFkkae/;s] nqgsjh banz/kuq”;kph ladYiuk

vkgs- gs likZps izrhd vkgs- R;krhy yky jax gk iq#”k likZps izrhd

vkgs rj fuGk jax gk L=h likZps ¼ukfxuh½ ps izrhd vkgs- nqgsjh

likZph gh izfrek dykdqlj vkf.k dFkkae/kwu i`Fohyk vk/kkj ns.kkjh

vkgs- R;kpk fo’okl vkgs dh] ,d liZ gk i`Foh Hkksorh vkgs rj

nqljk liZ gk vkdk’kkHkksorh vkgs- banz/kuq”;kpk ‘ksoV gh yksdkalkBh

vk’p;kZph ckc vkgs- T;k fBdk.kh ioZr vkgsr] R;k fBdk.kh likZpk

fuokl vlrks] v’kh /kkj.kk vkgs-

nf{k.k vkfÝdse/;s vls lkafxrys tkrs dh] ekuokus banz/kuq”;

lairks rh tkxk ‘kks/kysyh vkgs- rks ‘kD; frrD;k tksjkr R;kyk

ekj.;kpk iz;Ru djrks-

>kafc;k ns’kkrhy by tekrhrhy yksdkauh banz/kuq”;kpk ‘ksoV

‘kks/kysyk vkgs- R;kaP;k Eg.k.;kuqlkj T;k fBdk.kh banz/kuq”;kpk ‘ksoV

vkgs R;kfBdk.kh vXuh izToyhr gksrks-140

mÙkj vkWLVªsfy;ke/;s ns[khy banz/kuq”;kyk liZ Eg.kwup vksG[kys

tkrs- dkj.k R;k banz/kuq”;krwup o”kkZ gksr vlrs vkf.k o”kkZ ok ik.kh

gsp thoukoj fu;a=.k Bsor vlrs- gk banz/kuq”; tykph lkBo.kwd

djrks- vusd LoIudFkkae/;s liZ gk txrkpk fuekZrk Eg.kwu ;srks-

likZaP;k vusd dFkkae/kwu i;kZoj.kkP;k lanHkkZr tkx`drk fnlwu ;srs-

vusd vkfnoklh tekrhae/;s lw;Z vkf.k liZ ;kapk laca/k tksM.;kpk

iz;Ru dsyk vkgs- ;k banz/kuq”;k’kh lacaf/kr likZP;k feFkdkapk laca/k gk

574

tehu] ty] thou] lkekftd laca/k o lqQyhdj.k b-‘kh lacaf/kr

vkgs- vkWLVªsfy;ke/;s banz/kuq”; likZpk laca/k gk vuar ‘ks”kk’kh

¼a Large Snake½ tksMysyk vkgs-141

3-17 liZ vkf.k pØorhZ lezkVin %

phue/khy yksdlewgkr v’kh letwr vkgs dh] liZ gk

pØorhZin feGowu nsrks- rks LoxZizkIrh feGowu nsrks- phupk ifgyk

lezkV gqvkax nh gk MªWxupk oa’kt gksrk vls ekuys tkrs- R;keqGs

R;kus vkiY;k /otkoj MªWxups fpUg Lohdkjys gksrs- dkj.k MªWxu gk

vf}rh; ‘kähps izrhd vkgs- phue/;s liZ gk fioGlj fdaok lksusjh

jaxkr iapeq[kh nk[kfoyk tkrks- phu e/khy fofo/k dqGkae/;s rks

lkezkT;kps izrhd Eg.kwu ekuyk tkrks- ,o<sp uOgs rj phuP;k

jk”Vª/otkoj ns[khy MªWxups izrhd fpUgkafdr dsysys vkgs- phue/khy

vusd egÙokP;k LFkkukaoj vkf.k FkMX;kaoj MªWxufpUg dksjysys vkgs-

phue/;s v’kh letwr vkgs dh] tsOgk ,[kknk lkezkT;drkZ tUekyk

;srks- rsOgk R;kP;k ‘kjhjkoj MªWxups fpUg tUer%p lk{kkafdr >kysys

vlrs-142

3-18 ukx vkf.k lqQyhdj.k %

ukxkP;k vkdkjekukeqGs vkf.k iqutZUekeqGs ukx gs tuuasfnz;kps

izrhd vkgs- lqQyhdj.kklkBh ikS#”kRokph vko’;drk vlrs- vusd

ukxkaP;k izfrek gÓkk ?kjke/;s o eafnjke/;s iwftY;k tkrkr- vls

lkafxrys tkrs dh] ,dnk jktkus liZiwtsoj canh vk.kyh gksrh] rsOgk

R;kP;k jkT;kyk nq”dkGkyk lkeksjs tkos ykxys- tsOgk jktkus

oklqdhph izkFkZuk dsyh rsOgk R;k jkT;kr tyo”kkZ >kyh-143

tuusafnz;kpk laca/k gk ikolk’kh tksM.;kr vkysyk vkgs- ikÅl gk

likZlkj[kk tehu lqQyhr djrks-144 if’pe vkfÝdsP;k

v’kkarhe/khy ,nhQsnks ¼Aidophedo½ gk liZ nso vkgs- R;kus

Lor%P;kp ‘ksiVhpk pkok ?ksrysyk vkgs- if’pe vkfÝdsP;k

575

csuhue/khy nkgkseh ¼Dahomey½ feFkdkuqlkj liZ gk vkiY;k

osVksGÓkkaP;k lkgk¸;kus izR;sd ?kVdkyk vk/kkj nsrks- R;kuk nku ¼Dan½

vls Eg.krkr- osMks ¼Weddo½ gh nku ;k likZph iRuh vkgs- gkbMªk gs

u{k= vodk’kke/;s vfojr dk;Zjr vkgs- rs ‘kreq[kh liZ vkgs-145

gD;Zqyl ;k ;ks)Ókkus gkbMªkpk ijkHko dsysyk vkgs- phue/;s liZ gk

izkeq[;kus tykP;k lkgk¸;kus jkgrks v’kh yksdfiz; letwr vkgs-

fadacgquk tykoj R;kpsp vf/kjkT; vlrs vls EgVys tkrs- /kc/kck]

>jk] unh ok leqnz ;k loZ fBdk.kh R;kps okLrO; vlrs- phue/;s

pkj izeq[k likZaps jkts ekuysys vkgsr- iwoZ phupk leqnz] nf{k.k

phupk leqnz] fganw egklkxj] mÙkj leqnz ;k pkjgh leqnzkae/;s gs jkts

okLrO; o vf/kjkT; xktorkr- ik.;kpk laca/k gk i;kZoj.kk’kh vkgs-

rsOgk liZ vkf.k i;kZoj.k vlk ?kfu”V laca/kgh tksMyk tkrks- phu

e/khy vusd xzkeh.k Hkkxkae/;s liZnsorsph eafnjs vkgsr-146 phuP;k

lkaL—frd ijaijkae/;s uohu o”kkZph lq#okr gh liZnsorkaP;k iwtsus

dsyh tkrs- ty vkf.k i;kZoj.k ;krhy ;ksX; larqyu Bso.;kps dk;Z

liZnsork djhr vlrs- ;k mRlokae/;s phuh yksd likZph os’kHkw”kk

ifj/kku djrkr-147 phue/khy MªWxufo”k;h fuf’pr vls er ukgh-

dkgh la’kks/kdkaP;k erkuqlkj] dqyfpUg@ lewgfpUg gs liZ] eklk]

exj ;kaP;k vkdkjekuko:u fuekZ.k >kysys vkgs- MªWxupk laca/k

vusdnk lk/kE;kZeqGs exjh’kh tksMyk tkrks- dkj.k vkfne

dky[kaMke/;s exj gh MªWxuphp fofo/krk gksrh- phuP;k lkaL—frd

oSHkokr MªWxu fdaok osVksGs/kkjh liZ gk egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk ctkorks-

phupk laLFkkid] lkezkT;drkZ gqvkax Mh ;kP;k dksVkP;k cktwaoj

liZfp= js[kkVysys gksrs- R;keqGsp rks izfrLi/;kZauk ijkHkwr djhr

vls-148

;qjksih;u feFkdkae/;s MªWxu gh liZnsork vkgs- rh vusd

izk.;akps lafeJ.k vkgs- izkphu bftIre/;s frpk lac/k exjh’kh

576

tksM.;kr vkysyk vkgs- izkphu Hkkjrke/;s o phu e/;s ,ysQaV MªWxu

o phue/;s LVWx MªWxu Eg.kwu frph vksG[k vkgs-

MªWxupk laca/k gk izk.kh] leqnz] u|k] vks<k] Mcdh ok <xka’kh

tksM.;kr vkysyk vkgs- ik.;kpk vkf.k MªWxupk ikSjkf.kd ¼fefFkdy½

lac/k vkgs- ;qjksih;u feFkdke/;s liZnsork lac/k MªWxu’kh tksM.;kr

vkysyk vkgs-149

vkf'k;k [akMkrhy Hkkjr] usikG ;k fganq/kehZ; izns’kke/;s laekrj

ikrGhoj lakLd`frd iajijkae/;s vkf.k nSordFkake/;s ukxkpk egÙoiw.kZ

lgHkkx vkgs- ;k /kekZe/;s ukxkapk laca/k gk fulxZ pSrU;k’kh

yko.;kr vkysyk vkgs- >jk] foghjh] u|k b- pk rks laj{kd vkgs-

rks ikÅl ikMrks vkf.k tfeuhyk moZjkoLFkk iznku djrks- u|k]

fofgjh] leqnz gs R;kps fuoklLFkku vlrs-150 chj ;kaP;k erkuqlkj]

lkfgR;kr vkf.k f’kYi’kkL=kr ukx vkf.k fparke.kh ¼fyax½ ;kapk

,df=r laca/k n’kZfoysyk vkgs-

nf{k.k Hkkjrkrhy vusd HkwHkkxkr ukxeafaaaanjs vk<Gwu ;srkr- R;k

eafnjkae/;s ukxeaMyklkj[ks vusd fo/kh ikj ikMys tkrkr- mÙkj

Hkkjrke/;s vusd ukxoa’kh tekrh g;k ukxkl Lor%ps iwoZt ekurkr-

o#.k gh oSfnd nsork ukxkph izeq[k nsork vkgs- o#.k gk ukxkpk

jktk vkgs- ukx gs ikrkGkr jkgrkr- thou vkf.k vejRo ns.;kps

dk;Z ukx djr vlrks- vkfniokZr ;kpk lac/k ;srks- lqi.kZ gk

ve`rdaqHk ?ksÅu iz;k.k djhr vlrkuk ve`rkps dkgh Fksac xorkoj

iMys- R;kp{k.kh ukxkauh vkiY;k ftHksus rs ve`rkps Fksac pkVys- rsOgk

R;akph ftHk foHkkxyh- R;k {k.kkiklwu rs f}ftOgk/kkjd >kys- fo”.kw gh

nsork vusdnk ‘ks”kkP;k N=k[kkyh igqMysyh nk[kfoyh tkrs- f’kokP;k

XkG;kHkksorh liZ vlrks- x.ks’kkP;k nksanw Hkksorh likZps osVksGs

vlrs-151

577

dkf’ejh Hkk”kse/;s ^>jk* fdaok ^>j.kk* ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ ukx

vlk gksrks- uhyeriqjk.kke/;s 527 ukxkaph iwtk dk’ehje/;s dsyh

tkrs] vls EgVys vkgs- vdcjkP;k dky[kaMkrhy izfl) bfrgkldkj

vcqy Q>y ;kus dk’ehje/;s lkr’ks liZeafnjs cf?krY;kph uksan vkgs-

ukxkaph cgqrka’kh loZ eafnjs gh >jk] unh] vks<k b- P;k cktwyk

cka/kysyh vkgsr- R;k fBdk.kh nSuafnu liZiwtk dsyh tkrs- /kkfeZd

fo/khaps egÙoiw.kZ LFkku Eg.kwu ;k eafnjkadMs cf?krys tkrs- dYg.kP;k

^jktrjafx.kh* xzaFkke/;s lqJok vkf.k iùukx ;k liZnsorkaph eafnjs cqyj

>Ú;kP;k cktwyk vlY;kph uksn vkgs- dk’ehje/;s pkj fnDiky

Eg.kwu pkj ukxkauk ekU;rk fnysyh vkgs- fcanqljk gk iwosZpk] Jhendk

gk nf{k.kspk] ,yki= gk if’pespk vkf.k mÙkjeulk gk mÙkjspk

fnDiky vkgs- vuarukx ftYgÓkke/;s vf/kd o”kkZizkIrhlkBh oklqdh

ukxklkBh tyR;kx dsyk tkrks- rsFkhy yksdkaph v’kh J)k vkgs dh]

tyR;kx dsY;kuarj oklqdh ukx gk vf/kd o”kkZ nsrks fdaok

vf/kdkf/kd o”ksZyk Fkkacorks- T;k O;ähyk Ropkfodkj gksrks] vlk

O;äh rks cjk gks.;klkBh vuarukx ;sFkhy xa/kdukx ;k >Ú;krhy

ik.;kus Luku djrks- R;keqGs R;kpk fodkj Rofjr cjk gksrks-

dk’ehj e/khy vusd l.k&mRlo gs liZiwts’kh lacaf/kr vkgsr-

o”kkZP;k lq#okrhyk fgokG;kr iM.kkjk cQZ fuyk ;k liZnsors’kh

fuxfMr vkgs- ,fizy efgU;krhy bjkeaftjh iwtk bFkiklwu rs

tqyS&vkWxLVe/khy o#.k iapeh iwtsi;Zar gs mRlo pkyysys vlrkr-

ts”BkP;k d`”.k i{kkr r{kd;k=k ukokpk eksBk mRlo vk;ksftr dsyk

tkrks-152 d’;ikuarjp dk’ehj gs uko R;k Hkw{ks=kl izkIr >kys

vlkos- dk’ehje/;s >js gsp [kÚ;k vFkkZus tyL=ksr vkgsr-

dk’ehje/khy yksdfiz; unh forLrk ¼>sye½ fgus osjhukx ;k

>Ú;kiklwu tUe ?ksrysyk vkgs- uhyer iqjk.kke/;s ;k unhps /kkfeZd

egÙo fo’kn dsysys vkgs- ,s’o;kZps izrhd ekuyh tk.kkjh y{eh gh

578

fganw nsork dk’ehje/khy fo’kksdk ;k unhr fuokl djrs] vls ekuys

tkrs- izR;sd ukxoa’kh;kph ,d laj{kd nsork Eg.kwu liZ ;srs- fganw

yksd gs lw;kZyk vkf.k iwoZtkauk ty viZ.k djrkr- vejukFk ;sFkhy

fgefyaxkps n’kZu ?ks.;kiwohZ ‘ks”kukxkps n’kZu ?;kos ykxrs-

eqLyhe lektnss[khy fofo/k i)rhus ukxkph vkjk/kuk djrks- gs

vusd mRlokae/;s LoPN ok fu”dyadi.ks lekfo”V gksrkr- mnk- bZn-

rs ;k fnolkr likZlkBh ekls Vkdr ukghr- vuarukx ftYgÓkke/;s

ikÅl iM.;klkBh rsFkhy eqlyeku gs J)sus /kkfeZd fo/khr lgHkkxh

gksrkr- R;kaP;k /keZfo/khe/;s vusd tyR;kx ok véR;kx dsyk tkrks-

ukxkauk ¼oklqdhyk½ viZ.k dsyk tkrks-153

3-19 liZ vkf.k oS|dh; {ks= %

vk/kqfud oS|dh; {ks=ke/;s liZfpUgkpk okjaokj mi;ksx gksrkuk

fnlrks- oS|dh; {ks=kP;k ;k izrhdkRed cks/kfpUgkl xzhd lkaLd`frd

ik’oZHkweh vkgs- nksu lkikaps osVksGÓkkryk f’kjksHkkxh nksu ia[k vlysyk

gk ^naM* ¼NMh½ ^dWMlhv~l* Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkrks- viksyks ;k

xzhdkaP;k lw;Znsorsus rks geZl nsorsP;k gkrkr fnY;kph /kkj.kk vkgs-

xzhdkaph geZl~ nsork Eg.ktsp jkseukaph eD;qZjh nsork gks;- izkphu

xzhle/khy MkWDVjkaph O;kolkf;d Js.kh ^vWLDysik;Msl* ;k vkS”k/kkP;k

nsorsP;k ukokus dk;Zjr gksrh- viksykspk gk iq= ekrk dksjksfulP;k

xHkkZr vlrkukp frpk xjksnji.kkr e`R;w >kyk- vafre laLdkjklkBh

fryk fprsoj Bsoys vlrkuk fiR;kyk xHkkZrY;k ftoar vHkZdkfo”k;h

vuqdaik okVY;kus R;kus frps iksV dkiwu ckGkyk lq[k:i ckgsj

dk<ys- ^vWLDysik;Msl* pk ‘kCn’k% vFkZ ^dkiwu m?kM.ks* vlk gksrks-

R;kp ukokus vkS”k/kkph nsork vksG[kyh xsyh- rkjdkfo’okr liZ/kkjh

u{k=kP;k :ikr ;k nsorsps v<G vfLrRo vkgs- vWLDysik;MlP;k

gkrkrY;k naMkoj ,dkp lkikps osVksGs vlrs rj dWMlh;kloj nksu

lkikaps ,o<kp Qjd- dWMlh;l ladYiusr ifjiw.kZrk vkgs- xzhdkps

579

dWMfl;l Eg.kts fganw /kekZrhy dqaMfyuh- naM lq”kqEuk] nksu lik&bMk]

ihaxyk] naMkps [kkyps Vksd&ewyk/kkj pØ] lkikaP;k osVksG;kps Nsnfcanw

vuqØes Lok/kh”Bku] ef.kiwj] vukgr] fo’kq) pØ rj nksu ia[kke/;s

vkKk vkf.k naMkpk f’kjksHkkx lgL=koj pØ] dqaMfyuh izk.kk;ke

jänkc] nek] ekufld rk.k&r.kkokoj ifj.kkedkjd vlyk rjh

R;kekxpk ewG mís’k vkiY;k ekufld tkf.kok mapko.ks gk vkgs-

dWMlh;l vkf.k dqafMfyuh e/;s rs lw;Znsork vkf.k likZauk egÙokps

LFkku vkgs- likZP;k ckcrhr lqihdrsps] ‘kgk.ki.kkps izrhd] j{kd]

e`R;qnkrk] vk/;kfRed {ks=krhy lgpj ;k vusd vaxkauh vki.k

lkÚ;kadMs ikgrks-154

dWMlhvl izek.ksp lqesfj;u laLd`rhe/;s fuaxh>hnk

¼Ningizzidaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa½ gh liZ nsork ekuyh tkrs- gh laj{kd nsork Eg.kwu

ekU; vkgs- ‘The Golden wand of medicine’ ;k xazFkkr Walter. J.

Frieadlander ;kauh dWMlhvl fo”k;h Lor%ps er izfriknhr dsys

vkgs- R;kaP;k ers] “A History of the caduceus symbol in medicine

collected hundreds of examples of the caduceus and the rod of

Asclepius and found that professional associations were just

somewhat more likely to use the staff of A sclepius, which

commercial organizations in the medical field were more likely to

use the caduceus.’” 155

o`{kkP;k tfeuhr T;k eqGÓkk [kksyoj iljysY;k vlrkr- R;kr

,d izdkjps vkS”k/khrÙo vlrs- vlk fulxZfu;e vkgs- R;k eqGÓkk

Eg.kts liZ v’kh n- vkfÝdse/;s letwr vkgs- dkj.k R;k eqGÓkkae/;s

,d izdkjps vk;qosZfnd rÙo vlrs- gs rÙo nSoh Lo:ikps vkgs- gs

rÙo vejRokps vlrs- R;kp izek.ks R;kpk okij fo”k mrjfo.;kBh

lq)k gksrks- cs’kq) O;ähyk ‘kq)hoj vk.k.;klkBh vusd vkfne

tekrh g;k o`{kkaP;k eqGÓkkapkp okij djrkr- gs /;kukr ?;kos ykxrs-

580

R;keqGs likZyk thounk=h nsork fdaok e`R;qnsork (Titan) Eg.kwu

lacks/kys tkr vlr-156

liZ vkf.k izfr’kks/k gs t.kw lw=p vkgs- likZauk nh?kZ}s”kh Eg.kwu

vksG[kys tkrs- vkiyk izfr’kks/k iw.kZ dj.;klkBh rs fdrhgh dkG

okV ikgrkr- R;kp izek.ks O;ähP;k vusd fi<Ókkapk {k; djrkr-;kps

mÙke mnk- Eg.kts ^r{kd* liZ gks;- v’olsukP;k e`R;wpk izfr’kks/k

Eg.kwu ijhf{krkyk naM ns.ks xjtssps- R;klkBh R;kus ijhf{krkyk pkok

?ksryk vkf.k R;kl nsgeqDr dsys( ijarq gs loZ liZ lfo”k/kkjh liZ

vlrkr- fufoZ”k/kkjh liZ gs izfr’kks/k ?ksr ukghr- vWMxj vWyu iks P;k

‘The cask of Amontillado’ ;k dFksr liZ gk nh?kZ}s”kh Eg.kwu vkysyk

vkgs- tkxfrd feFkdkae/;s gk dYiukca/k loZ= vk<Grks-157

ukWlZ vkf.k V;wVksfud feFkdkae/;s i`Fohyk o`{k lacks/kys xsys

vkgs vkf.k R;k o`{kkP;k eqGÓkk g;k likZyk vksG[kys xsys vkgs- T;k

eqG;k ok liZ i`Fohyk LFkS;Z iznku djrkr- gs ,d vkfne izrhd

vkgs-158

3-20 ukx vkf.k dqaMfyuh ¼;ksx’kkL=½ %

;ksx’kkL=ke/;s dqaMfyuhyk vaR;r egÙokps LFkku vkgs-

‘kjhjkrhy lgk pØakiSdh ef.kiwj ukokP;k pØktoG vl.kkjh ukMh-

fgpk vkdkj lkiklkj[kk vkgs vls letrkr-159 daqMfyuh gh ,d

‘käh vkgs- dqaMy Eg.kts osVksGs d:u jkg.ks- Eg.kwu fgyk dqaMfyuh

vls Eg.krkr- rhu iw.kZ o ,d v/ksZ v’kh frph lkMsrhu osVksGh

vlrkr- dqaMfyuh ‘kCnkpk vusd O;k[;k dsysY;k vk<Grkr- 1-

izk.k’kDrh 2-‘ks”k&vaur czãkaMkph jpuk d:u f’kYyd mjysyh-

txkyk vk/kkj:i 3-ekufld ‘käh 4- izKkikjferk 5-fnO;

vkfn’kähps O;ä :i 6-fo’oO;kih fo|qr ‘käh 7-fp=’käh

czã’käh fdaok thokRE;kph izk.kLo:i vkfn’käh 8-vk/;kfRed ‘käh

9-‘kjhjkarxZr lqIr psruk ‘käh-160

581

Kkus’oajkuh vkiY;k Kkus’ojhr dqaMfyuhyk lfiZ.khP;k :ikr

lkdkj dsys vkgs rs Eg.krkr]

ßukxkps fiyas A daqdqes ukgyasA

oG.ks ?ksÅu vkysA lsts tSlsAA

rS’kh rs dqaMfyuh A eksjdh vkSVoG.kh

v/kkseq[k lfiZ.khA futSyh tSlhA

rs dqaMfyuh txnaCkk A ts pSrU;pØoRkhZph ‘kksHkkA

ft;k fo’oohtf;pk dksaHkkA lkMyh dsYkk A

ts ‘kqU; fyxakph fiaMhA ts ijekRe;k f’kokph djaMhA

ts izk.;kph m?kMhA tUehHkwehAAÞ

Kk-v-6ok vksoh 222]223]224

dqaMfyuh ‘käh gh Hkqtaxkizek.ks vlwu rh lkMsrhu osVksGs ?kkywu

eqy/kkjdpØkr LoLFk funzk ?ksr vlrs- ;k lkMsrhu osVksG;kaP;k lac/k

dks.kh vksadkjkP;k lkMsrhu ek=ka’kh ykorkr] rj dks.kh frps lkMsrhu

os<s rq;sZ’kh lacf/kr v’kk voLFkk=;kps |ksrd ekurkr-

;ksx’kkL=kizek.ks ewyk/kkj pØke/;s ikBhP;k d.;kP;k

izkajHkLFkkuh dqaMfyuh vlrs- dqaMfyuhP;k mRFkkiukeqGs ekuokyk

czãKku izkIr gksrs- Eg.kts thokReSD; gksrs- vlk fl)akr vkgs-

ekuokl euq”;Ro ;k dqaMfyuhusp izkIr gksrs- ekuokph oSKkfud iw.kZrk

;k dqaMfyuhP;k Kkukusp gksrs- ‘kkL=kr ;k dqaMfyuhyk liZ gh laKk

vkgs- Eg.kwu dqaMfyuh vFkok liZ ;k nksUgh voLFkk ,dp vkgsr-

ekuokph mRiÙkh dqaMfyuhiklwu >kyh Eg.kwu dqaMfyuh o liZ gs ,dp

vkgsr- gh xks”V y{kkr ?ksÅup ‘kkL=dkjkauh likZph fØ;k dj.;kps

fo/kku Bsoys vkgs-

oklqdh likZps MksD;koj i`Foh vkgs- vls iqjk.ks lkaxrkr-

oSKkfud vFkkZus lki Eg.kts oklqdh Eg.ktsp dqaMfyuh gks;-

dqaMfyuhP;k MksD;koj i`Foh Eg.kts tM Lo:i ulwu izFke rÙo

582

vagdkj Eg.kts eh i.kkph vktho:i i`Foh ghp vkgs- rks thokRek

liZ gksrks- R;kP;k loZ Hkkouk HkkSfrdp vlrkr- HkkSfrd oklukaph

rhozrk >kY;koj rks ewyLo:i dqaMfyuh Eg.kts liZ;ksuhr tkrks-161

fganw vkf.k ckS) ;ksx i/nrhr dqaMfyuh tkx`rhe/;s liZ vkf.k dey

;kapk laca/k n’kZfoysyk vkgs- izR;sd O;ährhy nSoh’kähph fufeZrh

dj.;klkBh dqaMfyuh tkx`rh dj.ks xjtsps vkgs- ;klkBh izk.k ok

‘okl fdaok fpÙkkps ,dhdj.k vko’;d vlrs- gh dqaMfyuhph eR;Z

voLFkk ^futysyk liZ* v’kh n’kZfoyh tkrs- likZP;k osVksGÓkkoj gh

‘käh fojkteku vlrs- fpÙkkP;k ek/;ekrwu rh mRlftZr dsyh tkrs-

frykp pSrU;’käh vls Eg.krkr- gh ‘käh lgk deynykoj

fojkteku vlrs- ;ksx lk/kusP;k ek/;ekrwu loksZPp deynykrwu rh

tkx`r gksrs- rsOgk ;ksxh gk f’konsors’kh ,d:i gksrs-162 eaMy ;k

‘kCnkpk vFkZ orqZG vlk gksrks- fganw vkf.k ckS)kaP;k vusd /kkfeZd

fo/khae/;s gh vk—rh okijyh tkrs- gs izpfyr vl.kkjs fo/khRed

izrhd vkgs- nsorkauk izsfjr dj.;klkBh gs eaMy mi;ksxkr vk.kys

tkrs- fganw laL—rhe/;s v’kk izdkjP;k eaMyke/;s likZP;k osVksGÓkkoj

fo”.kw fojkteku vlY;kps n’kZfoys tkrs- R;kaP;k Hkksorkyh vusd

nsork fojkteku vlrkr- ckS)kae/;s ek= v’kk izdkjP;k eaMykP;k

e/;orhZ olqa/kjk gh vlrs-163 ukFkiaFkkr T;k fBdk.kh ukx fuokl

djrks R;kl ^ok:G* gs uko ;FkkFkZi.ks Lohdkjys vkgs-

^xksj{kfl/n&fl/nkUri/nfr* ;k xzaFkkr ‘kfäpØkps o.kZu nsrkuk

dqaMfyuhlg ‘kfäiapd lkafxrys vkgs o R;kauk /kkj.k dj.kkjk rks

ijef’ko vls f’koLo:i n’kZfoys vkgs- ‘kähauk ukxh.k gsp uko

vlY;kus R;k ukfx.kh T;k Lo:ikr okLrO; djrkr R;k ijef’kokl

^ok:G* Eg.k.ks ;qä gksbZy- ;k–“Vhus ikfgY;kl ok:G gs uko gh

ukFkiaFkh ’kCndwV Bjrs o rsp uko izFke xksLokehus fnys gksrs-

efPNanzukFkkauh rs cnywu Egkrkjnso gs uko :< dsys-164

583

ejkBhr vktgh izpfyr vl.kkjk ^?kV&liZ* gk ?kV ¼¾ik=¾½

nsg gk nsg:ih liZ rj [kjkp- f’kok; ;k ?kVkrhy izk.k ¾ egkn~HkqrL;

fo’okflrkapk va’k gk lq)k liZp vkgs- fo’oLFk LFky o dky rÙo

gs fuR; feFkqu ;ksxkrhy ?kVlizor~ vkgs- LFky ¼nsg½ o dky ¼’olu

¾ izk.k½ gk uj ¾ ukjd ¾ ukjd gk izk.kfyax liZp vkgs- [kspjh

eqnzsrhy ^[k* Eg.kts iksdGh vkf.k pj Eg.kts f’kj.kkjk Eg.kts

ukxp gks;- gk ;ksfxd vFkZ vkgs-165

3-21 panz vkf.k ukx % egkleUo; %

txkrhy vusd ekuohlewgkr likZpk vkf.k jt%L=kokpk laca/k

dfYiysyk vk<Grks- jt%L=kok’kh tlk panzkpk laca/k dfYiysyk

vk<Grks- R;kizek.ks liZ gk jt%L=kokyk dkj.khHkwr vlY;kph

letwrgh vusd lektkr fnlwu ;srs- iWiqvu yksdkaP;k letqrhuqlkj]

L=hP;k tuusafnz;kyk likZus na’k dsY;keqGsp jtL=ko gksrks-

caxkye/khy ^vacqokph* mRlokrhy ,dk ;kRokRed fØ;sr jt%L=ko

vkf.k liZ ;akpk laca/k vxnh osxGÓkk Lo:ikr izrhr gksrks-

caxkye/khy yksd vacqokphP;k dkGkr ¼vk”kk< ‘kqDy lIreh rs

n’keh½ nq/kkr vkacjl feGwu rs is; firkr- gs is; I;k;Y;keqGs o”kZHkj

liZna’kkps Hk; mjr ukgh- vlk rsFkhy yksdkapk fo’okl vkgs- ukx]

liZ gs iq#”ksafnz;kps Eg.ktsp iq#”krÙokps izrhd vkgs- L=h

jtLoykoLFksr vlrkuk vFkok rh xfHkZ.kh vlrkuk frP;k’kh iq#”kkpk

laca/k fuf”k/n ekuyk xsyk vkgs- xfHkZ.kh L=h vkf.k ukx ;kaph uqlrh

–“Vk–“V >kyh rjh fu”ks/kHkaxkP;k vijk/kkeqGs ukxkph –“Vh tkrs vkf.k

rh L=h izlwr >kY;kuarj frP;k Ugk.khrY;k ik.;kP;k Li’kkZus R;kyk

iqu% –“Vh izkIr gksrs- gk dYiukca/k ;kRokRed Lo:ikpk vkgs-166

panzkP;k dyk vkf.k fL=;kaps pkanzeklkoj vf/kf”Br >kysys jtksn’kZu

ikgwu izkphu txUekrakpk laca/k panzk’kh tksM.;kr vkysyk vkgs-

txUekrsps dke ckGari.k lq[k:i ikj ikM.;kps vlrs- v’khgh

584

letwr vkgs- xzhd nsork vfVZfel panzlyXu /kkU;nsorsps mR—“V

izrhd vkgs- Hkkjrkr “k”Bhekrsps egÙo vlsp vkgs-167 _Xosnkr

x`Rlenkus jpysY;k lwDrkr panz gk xHkkZP;k f’ko.kh f’korks vlk

mYys[k vkgs- L=hps ekfld jtksn’kZu pkanzeklkus fu;fer >kysys

vlrs- _Xosnkr jkdk Eg.kts ikSf.kZek iq#”kkP;k bafnz;kph f’ko.k

f’ko.kkjh nsoh vkgs vls EgVys vkgs- fgeky;krhy ysipk yksdkr

panz gk L=hP;k xHkkZ’k;kpk vf/k”Bkrk nso vls letys tkrs-168

ejkBhr jtLoyk L=hyk ^dkoGk f’koyk* vls Eg.k.;kpk iz?kkr

vkgs- panz ;k mRiÙkhP;k dk;kZr eksBk Hkkx ?ks.kkjk nso- panz eqyh r;kj

djrks- >kMkoj clwu rks okafPNr ekrk toG vkyh dh frP;k vksVhr

rs ewy ?kkyrks- dkoGk ;k dkeh R;kpk lkgk¸;d vlrks- eqyhyk

jtksn’kZu nsÅu fryk rk#.; izkIr d:u ns.;kps dke dkoGÓkkps

Eg.kts Wahn ukokP;k vkfndkdkps- ;kosGh nbZu tekrhP;k dqekfjdk

dkoGÓkklkj[kk ‘kCn dk<rkr- Eg.kts L=hP;k ‘kjhjO;kikjkoj

tUekiklwu e`R;qi;Zar rkck panznsokpkp vlrks- vkiY;kdMs pkanzekl o

jtksn’kZu ;kaP;k fudV laca/kko:u panz xHkkZP;k f’ko.kh f’korks vlk

mYys[k _Xosnkrgh vk<Grks- panzkyk ekek egkjk”Vªkr o dukZVdkr

Eg.krkrp- panzkyk HkkÅ Eg.kwu vksokG.;kph izFkkgh egkjk”Vªkr

vkgsp- dkj.k gk panz y{ehpk HkkÅ- panzklaca/khph gh letwr o

ukxcyhcÌyph Hkkjrh;kaph ukx iq= nsrks] gh nqljh letwr /;kukr

?ksryh rj vkWLVªsfy;u o Hkkjrh; J)kr eksBklk Qjd okVr ukgh-169

‘kjn ikSf.kZesP;k jk=h dkstkfxjhph etk yqVk;yk] vax.k ?kqeok;yk

vla[; xk.kh r;kj gksÅu vlrkr- y{eh jk=Hkj loZ= fQjrs- frph

lxGhdMs iwtk gksrs- ^dks tkxfrZ* vlk loky fopkjyk tkrks- tks

tkxk vlrks R;kyk y{eh izkIr gksbZy vls letrkr- vkf’ouh

ikSf.kZek Eg.kts le`)hph ikSf.kZek- dkgh tekrhr yksd gksGh iquosyk

585

dkBÓkk ?ksÅu nsokP;k ;k=syk ?kqer tkrkr- rsOgk iq<hy xhr

Eg.krkr&

ßrkyk Hkjyk jkts dacaykauh] ,sdd dacky

Hkksyw ckbZP;k iwt ,dsd dacky

Hkksyw ckbZua ;koa okta=h rqÚ;kauh

,dsd fiykVk

iqjoVk nsokok

rkyk Hkjyk &&&&&Þ 170

;k xhrkrwu L=h vkf.k panzksRlo ;kaP;krhy izklafxd vuqca/k

y{kkr ;srks- fdacgquk ikSf.kZek] —“.k v”Veh] nqxkZ”Veh] lad”Vh prqFkhZ

b- frFkhauk] mRlokauk fL=;kadMwu panzkphp iwtk dsyh tkrs- Jh okjkg

ekgiqjk.kkr] v/;k; 33 e/;s ^panzkph mRiÙkh&ikSf.kZek frFkh ekgkRE;*

of.kZys vkgs- R;kr panz o n{kdU;kaph dFkk ;srs- R;kr n{kkdMwu panz

‘kkfir gksrks- R;kuarj rks o`{kkP;k eqGkr jkgrks- dkykarjkus fo”.kwP;k

m%’kkikus leqnzeaFkukP;k izlaxh leqnzkrwu y{ehuarj rks iqUgk tUe ?ksrks-

R;keqGsp panz o y{eh ;kaps ukrs ca/kq&Hkfxuhps vkgs-171 R;krwup

fL=;k panzkph ca/kw Eg.kwu iwtk djrkr( ijarq gk ,d ikSjkf.kd dFkkRe

lanHkZ vkgs gs /;kukr ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs- leqnzeaFkukrwu panzkus iqutZUe

?ksrY;keqGs R;kpk laca/k tyk’kh dk;e jkfgysyk vkgs-

_Xosnke/;s o`=klqjkyk vgh ¾ liZ vls lacks/kys xsys vkgs- liZ

gk va/kkjkpk izrhd ekuyk tkrks- R;kpizek.ks ik.;k’khgh R;kpk

fudVpk laca/k vkgs- va/kkj vkf.k ik.kh gh loZ O;kid o l`tukRed

‘käh vkgs- o`=klqjkykp panzgh EgVys tkrs- o`=klqjkyk Bkj

ekjY;kuarj banz gk o`=klqjkph tkxk ?ksrks- uarjp rks banz lacks/kyk

tkrks- o`=klqj ¾ panz rj banz gk vfnrhiq= lw;Z- Eg.kts lw;Z gk panzkph

tkxk ?ksrks- dkj.k banz gk Hkksxh vkgs- Eg.kts tuu{ke vkgs- ts likZps

ewyHkwr oSf’k”VÓk vkgs- banz rsp oSf’k”VÓk Lohdkjrks o o`=e; gksrks- banz

586

gk Lor% tynsork gksrks- ,sjkor gk ukx R;kP;ktoG dk;epk vkgs-

egkHkkjrkrhy ^xkso/kZu vk[;ku* ;kr banzkus dsysyh vfro`”Vh ;kpk

egÙoiw.kZ lanHkZ gks;- Eg.ktsp panz gk lqQyhdj.k nso gks;- rks |kS

¼vkdk’k½] ikÅl] <x b- pk izfrfu/kh vkgs- ;kr ,d ;kRokRed

ladsr nMysyk lgti.ks fnlwu ;srks- es?kkauk ukx lacks/k.ks vkf.k

ukxkoj banzkus vk:< gks.ks Eg.ktsp Lor% o`=klqj gks.ks gkp rks ladsr

gks;- lw;kZyk panz tUe nsrks] rks vlk- panz gk vkfniq#”k vkgs- rks

vkfne ukx vkgs] fu’kkpj vkgs- R;kph iwtk Eg.kts e`R;wph iwtk

gks;- i;kZ;kus iqutZUekpk ladsr gks;- R;kph iwtk Eg.kts dkeklähph

iwtk gks;- dqekjh dU;syk panz gkp _rqizkIrh d:u nsrks- rh dU;k

lqtyke~ gksrs- fp=ko’kkL=haP;k Eg.k.;kizek.ks Ro”ê gk czã.kLirh

gksrk- czãu o`= Ro”êpk eqyxk gksrk- czãupk vFkZ panz vlkgh

gksrks-172 Eg.ktsp o`= ¾ liZ ¾ panz ;k frUghapk vFkZ ,dp gksrks- [kjs

rj T;ksfr”k’kkL=ke/;s eukpk dkjd xzg panzp lkafxrysyk vkgs- R;kps

dkj.k gs ,d vlkos- veoL;sP;k fno’kh panz{k; gksrks- R;kp fno’kh

R;kP;k iqutZUekphgh lq#okr gksrs- R;keqGs veoL;syk baxzthr ¼New

Moon½ vls EgVys tkr vlkos- nsoh fu_Zrh o czãu] lkse vkf.k

uarj jk”Vªh okd~ o czãu Ro”ê ;kaP;krys vk| nsofookg T;s”Bh

vekoL;syk gksr- R;k fno’kh i`Foh o vkdk’k ;k nksu oxkZP;k

laxekps vuqdj.k dj.;klkBh L=hlÙkkd —“kd x.kkps L=hiq#”k LoSj

laHkksx djhr vkf.k Hkwekrk o panznso ;kaP;k nsofookgkps vuqdj.k

dj.;klkBh ;k nSorkaps ekuoh izfrfu/kh x.kekrk o czãu nsofookgkpk

la;ksx djhr- fookgkP;k nksu fojks/kh i/nrhps] lkewfgd o O;fäxr gs

vk| ,sD; gksrs-173

o#.kkyk ns[khy izPNé panz vls lacks/kys tkrs- o#.k gk

if’pe fn’kspk] egyksZdkpk vkf.k ukxyksdkpk vf/kirhgh vkgs-

R;keqGs o#.k gk ukxkf/kirh Bjrks- o#.klHksr vusd ukx mifLFkr

587

vlr] vls ikSjkf.kd lanHkZ feGrkr- o#.k gk tykf/kirh vkgs- ik.kh

Eg.kts vki] dkGks[k] e`R;w gks;- fo”.kw gk ukx’k;u vkgs- ;krgh

lkadsfrdrk vkgs- ;krwup o#.k o panz ;kaP;krhy lkgp;Zlaca/k

izLFkkfir djrk ;srks- ukx vkfn’ks”k ukx%ukj v;u gkp loZ izFke

nso- rks panz] o#.k vkf.k ukxp gks;- ukxkpsp ekuoh :i Eg.kts

fo”.kw o f’ko gks;- dky%e`R;w%ukx%panz ,dp vkgsr- dkykrhy ekl

gk ?kVd panzko:u :< >kysyk vkgs-

panzeklkojp ckjkekl dfYiys vkgsr- ikSf.kZek vkf.k

vekoL;soj tykph Hkjrh vkf.k vksgksVh voyacwu vlrs- panzkyk

LoHkkZuw vlsgh EgVys tkrs- tks Hkkuw ¼lw;Z½ yk xzklrks rks LoHkkZuw

Eg.kts panz- dkj.k LoHkkZuw Eg.kts jkgw gk izR;{k xzg ulwu Nk;kxzg

vkgs- jkgw gkp panz gks; panz gk ,dk{k vkgs] ukjk;.k vkgs- rks

l`tukpk dkjd vkgs-174

L=hlÙkkd ¼gynocracy½ x.klektkr L=hpk i{k gksrk Hkweh o

iq#”kkpk vkdk’k ok panz- panznsokdMwu ok vkdk’kkrwu itZU;:ih

oh;Zo`”Vhrwu Hkwekrk xHkkZj gksrs o ouLirhl`”Vhyk izlors] vlk izkphu

ekuolektkpk let gksrk- Eg.kwu Hkwekrsyk vd`”Vipk ¼‘ksrh u djrk

/kkU; ns.kkjh½ bjkorh ¼/kkU;nsork½ ok véiw.kkZ ok ‘kkdaHkjh EgVys

tkrs- L=hlÙkkd lektkr lw;Z iq#”knsork ulwu L=hnsork gksrk-

lw;kZlkfo=h gs Hkwehpsp uko vkgs- lw;kZpk fookg panzk’kh iq#”kk’kh

gksrks-175 ;ko:u panz] o#.k o ukx ;krhy lkE; ikgko;kl feGrs-

ra=laiznk;kr vlqj vkf.k d`”.kNVk ;kaP;kr cjsp lkE; vkgs-

fnolkyk xzklrs rh jk=- ;krwu vlqjkyk Titan vls lacks/kys xsys

vkgs- vosLrk xzaFkkr panzkyk ¼Demon½ vlqj EgVys xsys vkgs- gk

jk=le;kpkj laiznk;krhy ladsr vlkok- d`”.kdkG lIkkZpk

osVksG;krhy izfrek] mxz mHkh :ikrhy ;qjksikrhy feFkz laiznk;krhy

lac) ewrhZ Nkiysyh ikgko;kl feGrs- vosLrk xzaFkkr vgqjeÖn gk

588

liZ:ih] panz:ih nsork Bjrks- _Xosnkr o#.k o v;Zeu gs

larrhnk;d nsork Bjrkr- ;ko:u panz gk vlqj Bjrks- rjhgh rks

larfrnk;h vkgs- vlsp Eg.kkos ykxrs-176 rkaf=dkaps loZ fo/kh gs

jk=hp gksrkr gs gh y{kkr Bsokos ykxrs-

xzhd feFkdkae/;s feMh;k ¼Medea½ gs panznsork Eg.kwu

ekU;rkizkIr vkgs- bfrgkliwoZ dkGkiklwu ikÅl] ik.kh] laiÙkh b-ph

fu;a=d liZnsork vkgs- vesZfu;kr f[kz’puiwoZ dkGkr fo’ki&dj

¼Vishap-kar½ gh liZnsork f’kGsP;k Lo:ikr iwtyh tkr- izR;sd

ikSf.Zkesyk] veoL;syk R;k f’kGsph iwtk gksr vls- phue/;s

d`”.klikZps ¼MªWxups½ iWxksMk ok ifo= LFkGkph fufeZrh dsysyh vkgs-

frcsVe/;s ukxiwtslkBh ^yw* eafnjkph fufeZrh dsysyh vkgs- phue/;s

MªWxu gh vk/;kfRed izk.kh Eg.kwu lJ) vkgs- MªWxups eq[koVsgh mRlo

l.kkr lekfo”V dsys tkrkr- phue/;s MªWxups pkj izdkj ekuys

tkrkr- R;kr tien lung (velestial guardians), shen lung (weather

makers), ti lung (earth-dragon), fu ts’ ling lung (treasure keepers) gs

pkj izdkj vkgsr-177

likZpk laca/k gk dsoG ty vkf.k i`Foh ;kaP;k’kh ulwu

LoxkZ’kh lq)k vkgs- feykuslh;u] fQuhd vkf.k vLVsd feFkdkae/;s

liZ gk fotspk izfrfu/kh vkgs- cWcksyh;u] Hkkjr vkf.k izkphu

eWDlhdks dFkkae/;s likZpk laca/k gk vkdk’kxaxs’kh tksMyk tkrks-

vkfÝdk vkf.k vksdsfu;k ;k ns’kkr likZpk lac/k gk banz/kuq”;k’kh

tksMyk tkrks- if’pe vkfÝdse/;s ukseks ;k tynsorspk izfrfu/kh

Eg.kwu banz/kuq”; gk liZ Eg.kwu ;srks- vkLVsªfy;u HkVD;k tekrhe/;s

pqywuxqy ;k ukokus banz/kuq”; liZ izpfyr vkgs- rks nSoh fuekZrk vkf.k

LakL—rhpk laokgd Eg.kwu- fejdk byh;M ;kaP;k Eg.k.;kuqlkj]

T;kizek.ks panz gk eR;Z gksÅu iqu% tUe ?ksrks- R;kpizek.ks liZ ns[khy

iqu%iqUgk ftoar gksrks- e/;orhZ dkaxks izns’kkrhy ukXyk tekrhe/;s

589

v’kh letwr vkgs dh] d/kh dkGh panz gk i`Fohoj HkqtaxkP;k :ikr

jkgwu xsysyk vkgs- is: e/khy izh dksyach;u uk>dk laL—rhe/;s gh

ijaijk izpfyr vkgs- Hkkjrkrhy DokWdhvqrh tekrhe/;s ,dkp

rksaMkP;k nqgsjh likZph izfrek izpfyr vkgs- gh izfrek lw;Z vkf.k

panzk’kh fuxfMr vkgs- DosV>ksydksVh ;k tekrhr liZ gk vkPNkfnr

vkdk’k vkgs- vW>Vsd ;k tekrhr dslkG liZ gk lw;Z nsors’kh

fuxfMr vkdk’kkr fLFkj vkgs-178

3-22 panz vkf.k lw;Z % dkgh vuqca/k %

lkaL—frd lR;kUos”k.kkr vk/kqfud ‘kkL=h; Lo:ikph

vFkZxzg.ki/nrh Lohdkj.;kpk iz;Ru dsysyk vlrks- lelkekf;d

‘kCnizfrekapk ekxksok ?ksrkuk ,sfrgkfld Lo:ikP;k rkSyfud –“Vhph

t:jh vkgs- eÚgkVh laL—rhP;k lanHkkZr egkuqHkkodkGh Jh pØ/kj

vkfnR;kP;k nsoGkrwu olrh djhr vls dGrs- yhGkpfj=krhy

^lfork ukxukFkk oLrh* gh yhGk loZifjfpr vkgs- ;k yhGsr lw;Z

¼lfor½ vkf.k ukxukFk ¼panz½ gs ,d= vkysys fnlwu ;srkr- panz gk

lw;kZyk tUe ns.kkjk vkf.k lw;kZyk vLrkl us.kkjk xzg ekuyk tkrks-

panz gk vkfniq#”k ekuyk tkrks- panziwtd laiznk; [kafMr >kY;kus

lw;kZykp ukxlaiznk;kus izLFkkfir dsysys vkgs- R;krwup fo”.kw gk

vfnfriq= gksrks- fo”.kw gk ukx’k;u vkgs- rks ukxk;.k] ukjk;.k vkgs(

ijarq dkykarjkus rks vkfnR;okjh iwtyk tkÅ ykxyk- Eg.ktsp rks

lw;Zizfrfu/kh >kyk- —“.k gk ns[khy vkfnR;kpk i;kZ; ekuyk tkrks(

ijarq eqGkr —“.k Eg.kts panzp rj vtqZu Eg.kts banziq=- panz gk

lw;kZyk xhrsr mins’k djrkuk fnlrks-

panz ¾ ukx] fyax’kDrhgh lkSj eaMykrhy loZ nsorkauk vkiY;k

ikrGhoj vks<wu ?ksrs- vodk’kkrhy loZ ‘kDrhapk fu;a=d panz gkp

vkgs- R;keqGsp f’kokP;k HkkGh panzkP;k f}rh;sph dksj vlkoh- gk

vkfnR; pkanz laiznk;hp vlkok- izk.k gh ladYiuk L=hfyaxh o

590

iqfYyaxh v’kk nksUgh Lo:ikr vkgs- panzkph mikluk Eg.kts izk.kkph

mikluk gks;- panz gk iqfYyaxh rj panzk gh L=hfyaxh] ;Yyeknsoh-

ia<jiwj gs panzHkkxkrhjh dk vkgs\ vkf.k foðy gk dkGk dk vkgs\

;kps mÙkj ;krwu lgt feGrs- panz gk fu’kkpj- jk=hP;k izgjh

fgaM.kkjk- R;keqGs foðy —“.ko.khZ vkgs- ;k fulxZrÙokauk tsOgk

i’kq:i izkIr >kys rsOgk rs egh”k o efg”khP;k :ikr >kys- L=hiz/kku

laL—rhe/;s efg”kkpk cGh fnyk tkr vls- panz gk veoL;syk yqIr

gksrks o izfrinsyk iqUgk tUe ikorks- R;keqGs panz gk egh”k >kyk rj

panzk gh efg”kh >kyh- efg”kklqjefnZuh >kyh- frus f’ko:ih efg”kkpk

lagkj dsyk- foðy gk gh mHk;fyaxh izk.krÙo Eg.kwu ,dVkp panz:i

Lo:ikr ia<jiwjkr fLFkj vkgs- nf{k.ksrhy mMih —“.k gk joh eaFku

lk/ku /k:u mHkk vkgs- xksih] xkSG.kh ;k xksih oYyHkkP;k iapØks’khr

vk<Gr ukghr- ;k {ks=kps mMq&ih gs uko pkanziaFkh; vkgs-

^mM~M&jkt* rkjdkapk jktk panz gks;- panz gkp —“.k:i gksÅu mHkk

vkgs- T;ksfr”k’kkL=krhy yXudqaMyhr v”VeLFkku gs e`R;wps LFkku

vkgs- —“.kkpk tUe gk v”Vehpk vkgs- Eg.ktsp rks e`R;qnwrp vkgs-

panzkph jk’kh ddZ] jk’khpØkr pkSF;k Øekadkoj ;srs- prqFkhZyk vki.k

lad”Vh /kjrks- R;kr panziwtk dsyh tkrs- pkSFkhP;k nqiVhusp v”Veh

;srs- panz’kDrh ghp e`R;q’kDrhgh vkgs vkf.k iqutZUekph ‘kDrhgh

vkgs- f’ko] fo”.kw ok Jhx.ks’k ;klkj[;k nsorkauh panzkps izrhd Eg.kwu

ukx gk lnSo vkiY;k cjkscj ckGxysyk vkgs-179

;nqrqoZlw panzoa’kh; vls lkax.;kr iqjkf.kdakpk dkghrjh gsrw

vlkok vls fnlrs- dkj.k panzkph iwtk ;k tukrhy vktP;k

fi<hi;Zargh pkyr vkyh vkgs- loZ efgU;kaP;k ikSf.kZek ;k

l.kklkj[;k egÙokP;k vkgsr- ^f’ku* ‘kCn fluhokyh’kh lacaf/kr

vlsy rj gh panziwtk Hkkjrh;kadMwu ckgsjP;k ns’kkr xsysyh vkgs]

vls ijns’kkr panzk’kh lacf/kr vlysY;k #<h&iz?kkrkauk ikgwu Eg.kkols

591

okVrs- dks.krh fof’k”V frFkh panziwtsph ekukoh ;kcíy ¼ikSf.kZek]

prqnZ’kh] izfrink½ okn vlyk rjh panzkpk lac/k gk sabbath ‘kh

vkgs] vls rK lkaxrkr- sabbath pk ewG vFkZ efgU;kps nksu Hkkx

vkf.k R;kdkGpk ozrksiokl vlk vlY;kus rKakps er vkgs- Eg.kts

o| prqnZ’khP;k panzkph iwtk vkf.k miokl ;kr /ofur gksrkr- fganwr

izR;sd efgU;kP;k o| prqnZ’khykp f’kojk= Eg.k.;kph i/nr vkgs-

ek?k efgU;krhy o| prqnZ’khyk egkf’kojk= Eg.krkr- prqnZ’kh Eg.kts

flfuokyh vFkkZr fluhokyhpk lac/k f’kok’kh vkyk- f’ku vkf.k f’ko

,dp- f’ku] psu] dsu ;k ‘kCnkaP;k ijLij lac/kkdMs y{k ns.ks t#jhps

vkgs- ^loZ eaxyekaxY;s f’kos lok/kZ lk/kds* vls Jhps dsysys o.kZu

;ksX;p vkgs- loZeaxy Eg.kts pkaxys ¼pkax&Nku] psu&rkacwl½ vls

vFkZ y{kkr ?;kos- Eg.kts f’ko ‘kCnkpk vFkZcks/k gksbZy- Eg.ktsp

f’komikluk i;kZ;kus panzksikluk izkphudkGkiklwu ;k ns’kkr vlysyh

tk.kors-180 ikSf.kZekiwtk] nsohps mRlo vktgh egkjk”Vª&d.kkZV tukaps

oSf’k”Vfun’kZd vkgsr- panz gk ‘kCn eqGkr laL—r ukgh- baMksteZfud

Hkk”kkarwu ;k’kh lacf/kr ¼congnates½ nqljs ‘kCn feGr ukghr-

_Xosnkr panz ;k vFkhZ gk ‘kCn mi;ksftyk ukgh- rkacwl fdaok lksusjh

rakcwli.kk v’kk o.kZukRed fo’ks”k.kkP;k :ikus gk ‘kCn vkysyk vkgs-

fo-dk jktokMs ;kaP;k ers] panz ;k ‘kCnkpk mPpkj _XosndkGh

vktP;kgwu cjkp fujkGk gksrk- vfXuÜpanz] olqÜpanz b- ‘kCnkarwu

vk<G.kkÚ;k panz ‘kCnkrhy ^pk* dkjkpk mPPkkj ^p* vkf.k ^‘k*

;kaP;ke/khy dkgh fo’ks”k mPpkj vlkok vlk R;kapk rdZ vkgs vkf.k

rks vxnh ;ksX; vkgs] vls okVrs- lqesj] bftIr] xzhl ;k Hkkxkrhy

ns’khp oxZ panzksikldakpk gksrk gs fu%lafnX/k jhrhus fl/n >kys vkgs-181

;ekyk e`rakpk jkt”khZ ok /keZjkt EgVys tkrs- firjkapk fuokl

panzkoj vkgs- fir`;ku vls ekuys tkrs- Eg.kwu e`rkapk vf/kirh gk

panznsokps ,d :i vkgs- rSfrjh; lafgrsuqlkj ¼3-3-8-3½ ;eh gh

592

Hkwekrk vlY;kus R;ko:ugh /kekps panzRo fl/n gksrs- 10-10 ;k

_Xosnh; lwDrkr ;eh ;ekph m?kMi.ks iz.k;;kpuk djrs vkf.k tjh

rks vOgsj djrks rjh R;kpk vFkZ ,o<kp gksrks dh] lfiaMfookg

dkyckgÓk >kysyk vlY;kus rks nqjkpkjkr tek >kysyk vkgs-182

txHkjkP;k lukru letqrhaizek.ks izkphu Hkkjrh;kaPkk vlk

fo’okl gksrk dh] panz gk o`”Vhpk tud vkgs- ,srjs; czkã.kkr

¼8&28½ ;k yksdfo’oklkpk izfr/ouh meVysyk vkgs- o`”Vh

panzkiklwu tUers- lkse gk panznso vlY;kus _pk 1-164-35 R;kP;k

oh;ZlaiUursph rqyuk cyoku ?kksMÓkkP;k jsrk’kh djrs- v’oes/kkr

x.kekrk ¼vack ok efg”kh½ cGh fnysY;k ?kksMÓkkyk ^jsrks&/kk* Eg.kwu

gkd ekjrs vkf.k R;kps oh;Z frP;k ;ksuhr vksrk;ps R;kyk vkokgu

djrs- es/; i’kw ?kksMk panznso lksekpk izfrfu/kh gksrk rj x.kekrk gh

Hkwekrsps izfrfuf/kRo djhr gksrh- jsrks/kkpk vFkZ & ^o”kkaZdkj* vlkgh

gksrks- ;k o”kkZdkj panzkyk c`gnkj.;d mifu”kn~ ¼3-1-6½ ^czãu* vls

lacks/krs-183

rfeG ns’kkr jkg.kkÚ;k foYyqokj o feuoj ;k vkfnoklhauk

izFke ftad.kkjs ukx gs Hk;adj nsoh dkyhph iwtk djhr vkf.k frP;k

nsoGkae/;s vusd gsY;kauk ¼efg”kkauk½ cGh nsr- dkyhph ewrhZ vR;ar

Hkhfrnk;d i/nrhus ltoysyh vlrs- frps tfVy dsl MksD;koj

r#.k ukxkP;k pednkj dkrhus eqdqVkizek.ks cka/kysys vlr-

jkuMqdjkpk okdMk lqGk panzkP;k dksjhlkj[kk fnlsy v’kk i/nrhus

dslkae/;s vMdoysyk vls- xGÓkkr ok?kkP;k nkrkaph ekG vls-

ok?kkps iÍsnkj dkrMs ,[kk|k oL=klkj[ks frP;k dacjsHkksorh xqaMkGysys

vls- izR;apk ykoysys o ‘kjla/kkukyk r;kj vlysys /kuq”; frP;k

gkrkr fnysys vls- QkVsjh f’kaxkP;k ,dk map dkGohVkoj rh vk:<

>kysyh vls- frP;k ewrhZiq<hy <ksy&fiaxk.;kP;k xtjkr mxz ukx

frP;k osnhoj gsY;kapk cGh nsr- cGhps jDr okgr vlrkukp dkyh

593

vaxkr vkY;kus mUeÙk gksÅu mBysyh iqtkjh.k dkir o csHkk.ki.ks

ukpr vksjMs( vkeP;k vktwcktwP;k [ksMÓkkae/kys xksBs xkbZ&cSykauh

Hkjysys vkgsr( i.k ,f;ukjkaP;k >ksiMÓkkaps okMxs lqus vkgsr- T;kauh

pksjh o yqVhoj txkos rs ,fu;kj ‘kkafrfiz; [ksMqrkalkj[ks eokG cuys

vkgsr- dkGohVkoj cl.kkÚ;k nsohyk tj rqEgh Bjysyk cGh fnyk

ukgh rj rh rqeP;k /kuq”;kauk ;’k ns.kkj ukgh! dkyh L=hnSor

vlY;keqGs frP;k mikfldk fryk ?kaVÓkk] ckgqY;k] iksiV] jkudksacMÓkk

o rfeG fL=;kaps dje.kqdhps lk/ku vlysys eksj viZ.k djhr- Ån]

xa/k] dqadw] panu vkx:] mdMysys ckyokl.ks o /kkU;s vkf.k jDr o

ekalfefJr Hkkrkps uSos| frP;k nsoGkae/;s Bsoys tkr- dkyhyk

rfeGe/;s ,s;bZ vlsgh Eg.kr vkf.k rh lkr cfg.khryh lxGÓkkr

ygku vlY;kps ekuys tkbZ--- ;k Øwj nsohyk yksd ,o<s Hkhr dh]

,dnk tsOgk enqjsrY;k frP;k eafnjkph can >kysyh nkjs m?kMsukr] rsOgk

rs frP;k dksikps y{k.k ekuwu ikaMÓk jktk frP;k eafnjkleksj n;k

Hkkdr lk”Vkax iMyk vkf.k frpk Øks/k ‘kkar dj.;kdjrk frP;k

iwtsP;k [kpkZlkBh R;kus nksu lqihd [ksMÓkkapk eglwy nku Eg.kwu

fnyk-184

foghj ok unhph egkjk”VªkrY;k uoizlwr fL=;k vkljk ok

vIljk Eg.kwu iwtk djrkr- dsjGkr ukxiwtsps lokZr tkLr pyu vkgs

Eg.kwup uk;jkaP;k FkjokM x`gHkwehP;k uS_ZR; dksiÚ;kr ukxokMh vls-

yksdijaijsuqlkj nSoh liZ foghjh]rGh o u|kr jkgrkr- xaxsr vka?kksG

dj.kkÚ;k vtqZukyk ikgwu eksghr >kY;kus ukxdU;k mywih R;kyk

[kkyh [kspwu ukxyksdkr ?ksÅu xsyh vls EkgkHkkjr lkaxrs- dks.krsgh

FkjokMx`g Lor%P;k rGÓkkokpwu uls- izR;sd [ksM;kps Lor%ps eafnjrGs

vlrs vkf.k T;kP;koj xzkelektkpk cfg”dkj Vkdyk tkbZ- R;kyk ;k

u|kr Luku djk;ph eukbZ vls-185 ;ko:u panz] ukx vkf.k lw;Z] panz

;akpk vuqca/k lgti.ks y{kkr ;srks-

594

3-23 o#.k %ukx& tykf/kirh %

o#.k gh ,d loZJs”B oSfnd nsork vkgs- o`&os<.ks] vkPNkn.ks

;k /kkrwiklwu o#.k ‘kCn lk;.kkpk;kZuh O;qRikfnyk vkgs- ikih

yksdkauk ca/kuke/;s ifjosf”Vr djrks fdaok R;kauk va/kkjkizek.ks

vkPNkfnr djrks rks o#.k gks;- _Xosnke/;s banzkP;k lqDrkais{kk

o#.kkph lqDrs Qkj deh vlyh rjh R;kps egÙo ek= deh gksr

ukgh- o#.k tykps fu;=a.k djrks- rks tykps oL= vaxkkoj ?ksrks- rks

lkxjtykrwu ekxZØe.k djrks- u|k lrr leqnzkyk feGr vlwugh

leqnz iw.kZ Hkjr ukgh- gs o#.kkP;kp xq< ‘kDrhps lkeF;Z gks;-

o#.kkps ik’k izfl/n vkgsr- vlR; Hkk”k.k dj.kkÚ;kP;k Hkksorh rs

lkr fdaok rhu QsÚ;kauh os<hys tkrkr- _XOksnkr iq”dGnk fe=ko#.k gs

tksMhus vk<Grkr- fe= gh vkfnR;nsork vkgs- R;ko:u izkajHkh o#.k

gh vkdk’kkph nsork ekuyh tkr vlkoh- fe= Eg.kts lw;Z ;kP;kis{kk

vkdk’k Qkj eksBs vkgs- R;ko:u o#.kkps O;kidi.k dGwu ;srs-

o#.k gk jk=hpk Lokeh vls eku.;kph izo`Rrh rSfRrjh; lafgrsr fnlwu

;srs- banz o#.k la?k”kkZe/;s osnksRrj dkGkr dsoG lkxjkojph lRrk

rso<hp R;kP;k okV;kyk mjyh-

_Xosnkr o#.kkpk okjaokj vkf.k vfr’k; izkeq[;kus vlqj ;k

‘kCnkus mYys[k dsyk xsysyk vkgs- _rkps] oSf’od /kekZps j{k.k

dj.kkjk rks vkgs- rks /k`rozr vlwu R;kus vf[ky fo’okP;k ;ksX;

izorZuklkBh ?kkywu fnysys fu;e vck/; vkgsr- o#.k gk loZ

mndlewgakpk ‘kkLrk vkgs- fdcagquk l`”Vhrhy loZ ?kVukps izorZu

vkf.k fu;eu R;kP;kdMwu gksr vlrs- vlw gh ,d ;kRokRed ‘kDrh

vkgs o rh jle; vkgs- nso] ekuo] i’kw vkf.k fo’okrhy brj

oLrw ;k lokaZe/;s gk ;kRokRed jl vlrks vkf.k R;keqGsp ;k

lokZaps /kkj.k o O;kikj ‘kD; gksrkr- ghp ;kRokRed jl’kDrh

o#.kkph ek;k gks;- gh ek;k Eg.kts ;kstukiz/kku] fuokZ.kkRed]

595

?kVukRed] fojpukRed v’kh o#.kkph ‘kDrh vkgs- izkphu vk;kZaP;k

erkuqlkj vlqj o#.kkps loZ fo’okoj vf/kjkT; gksrs- banzklg loZ

nsokae/;s o#.kp Js”B letyk tkr gksrk- egkHkkjrkr o#.kkyk pkSFkk

yksdiky] d’;i o vfnrh ;akpk iq=] tykpk Lokeh o tykrp

fuokl dj.kkjk vls ekuys vkgs- rks ckjk vkfnR;kaiSdh ,d vkgs-

nsoiwtsr dy’kLFkkiuk d:u o#.kkps vkokgu o iwtu dj.;kph izFkk

vkgs- iqjk.kkuqlkj o#.k gk if’pe fn’kspk o ukx yksdakpk Lokeh

vkgs- R;kph izfrek fOnHkqt o edjk:< vkgs-186

vfnrhP;k ckjk iq=kae/;s banz] fooLoku] Ro”Vk] fo”.kw] fe= b-

izek.ksp o#.kkykgh loksZPp LFkku gksrs- ;ko:u o#.k gk vfnrhiq=

vkfnR; Bjrks- osnkae/;s dqBsgh fnrhpk mYys[k ukgh- fnrh] dnzw b-

ik=s gh ikSjk.khd xzaFkkrhy vkgs( oSfnd xzaFkkrhy ukghr- osnkae/;s

ikSjkf.kd ik=s gh vfnrh o vkfnR; laiznk;kr lekfo”V >kysys

vkgsr- R;keqGs o#.k gk vlqj vlwulq/nk vfnrhiq= Bjrks- o#.kkpk

fookg gk fgj.;df’kiwph eqyxh fnO;k’kh laiUu >kyk gksrk- o#.kkps

lkezkT; gs leqnzf}iakoj gksrs- o#.kkP;k lHksr ukx xa/koZ vIljk b-

yksd gtsjh ykor vlr-187

o#.kkyk osnakuh fnysyh egÙokph fo’ks”k.ks Eg.kts ^/k`rozr*]

^_rL; xksik*] ^ve`rL; xksik* gh gksr- nqlÚ;k ‘kCnkr lkaxk;ps rj

rh ozrs Eg.kts uhfrfo”k;d dk;ns- gs dk;ns fLFkj o vckf/kr

vlrkr- ekuokph xks”V lksMkp( i.k nsogh R;kps mYya?ku d: ‘kdr

ukghr- dks.kh rs eksMk;pk iz;Ru dsyk rj o#.k jkxkorks vkf.k R;kyk

dBksj ‘kklu djrks- ;k ‘kklukpk ,d izdkj Eg.kts ozrHkax dj.kkÚ;k

O;Drhyk tyksnj gks.ks- ;kps ,srjs; czkã.kkrys BGd mnkgj.k Eg.kts

gfj’panzkps- R;kyk ‘kaHkj ck;dk gksR;k( i.k ,dhykgh viR; >kys

ukgh- R;kosGh ukjnkP;k lkax.;ko:u gfj’panzkus o#.kkph izkFkZuk

dsyh- ^nsok] o#.kk eyk iq= gksÅ ns- eh R;kp iq=kus rq>k ;K djhu!

596

gfj’panzkyk eqyxk >kyk- R;kus R;kps uko jksfgr Bsoys( i.k iq<s rks

cksyysyk uol foljyk- o#.kkus vusdokj ;sÅu R;kyk tk.kho

fnyh( i.k izR;sd osGh gfj’panz dkgh rjh c;knh lkaxw ykxyk-

‘ksoBh o#.k Øq/n >kyk vkf.k R;kpk ifj.kke Eg.kts gfj’panzkyk

tyksnjkph O;k/kh tMyh-188

_Xosnkps eq[; nSor banz ekuys tkr vlys rjh jktk fdaok

lezkV vls of.kZyk tk.kkjk o#.k gk ,dVkp vkgs- ,dsdkGh banzkis{kk

o#.kkykp vxzLFkku gksrs] vls la’kks/kdkps er vkgs-189 ukaxjV

dj.kkjk ‘ksrdjh {ks=irhl itZU;klkBh vkokgu djrkuk vk<Grks-

o#.kiwtd vlqjkaP;k n`”Vhus {ks=irh gk itZU;fufeZrhps dk;Z dj.kkjh

nsork gksrk- o#.k gk vk| ;{k vkgs o Eg.kwup {ks=irh gh laKkgh

;{k&Hkwr&ukx laL—rhps egÙoiw.kZ izrhd vkgs- vktgh ejkBh Hkk”ksr

Hkqrs[ksrs vlk ‘kCn okijyk tkrks- Hkqr[ksrs e/khy [ksrs gk ‘kCn Hkqrkaps

uk;d vl.kkÚ;k {ks=ikykusp izfrfuf/kRo djrks] gs Li”V vkgs-

HkqrUk`R;kPkk ukxlaL—rh’kh lac/k gksrk- {ks=irh gk ukx:ih vlrks-190

gfjoa’kxzaFkke/;s itZU;kf/kirh gk banz nk[kfo.;kr vkysyk vkgs-

gk iqjk.k dky[kaM vlkok- banzkus ikÅl ikMwu l`”Vhps iqu#Riknu

djkos Eg.kwu o”kkZ_rwps pkj efgus vk”kk< rs dkfrZd jktf”kZlRrkd

nklizFkklektke/;s banzksRlo dsyk tkÅ ykxyk- jkek;.k lkaxrs dh]

o”kkZ_rwP;k vkjaHkh mHkkjysyk banz/ot o”kkZ_rwP;k ‘ksoVh mrjoyk

tkrks- —“.kkP;k izsj.ksus oztoklh;kauh banzksRlok,soth deZdkaMfoghu

fxjh;K dsyk- ifj.kkeh banz fo#/n —“.k ;kaP;kr >kysY;k la?k”kkZr banz

ijkHkwr >kyk vkf.k fxjh;Kkyk izkjaHk >kyk- ;ko:u iqjk.kdkGkr

o:.kkdMwu banzkdMs vf/kifrRo] tykf/kifrRo xsys- —“.kkus iqUgk rs

feGfoys-191

jkek;.kkrhy fdf”da/kkdk.Mkrhy 42 O;k lxkZr lqxzho

lhrk’kq/;FkZ okujkauk if’pe fn’ksl ikBforks- rsOgk okujkauk

597

es:ioZrkoj o#.kkps fuoklLFkku fnlrs-192 if’pe fn’kk gh lkxjkph

fn’kk- ukxyksd if’pe fn’ksl jkgr- R;keqGs ty o ukxyksdkapk rks

vf/kirh gksrk- ^leqfnz;k v.kkZafl unhuka izkl`tr~* vls o#.kkyk EgVys

tkrs-193 nsokauh o#.kkyk tyfiR;kpk vfHk”ksd d:u lkxjh lÙkk

R;kP;k gkrh lksifoyh vkgs- R;kiwohZ R;kph uxjh eulksÙkj ioZrkP;k

ekxs gksrh vkf.k frps uko ^fuEykspuh* vls gksrs- T;kyk tyksnjkph

O;k/kh tMyh vlsy] R;kus O;kf/keqDr gks.;klkBh o#.kkizhR;FkZ

—“.ko.kZ vti’kwpk ;kx djkok vls rSrjh; lafgrsr lkafxrys vkgs-

rs o#.kkps tykf/kiR; y{kkr ?ksÅup gks;-194 l`f”VfufeZrhe/;s ts

fofo/k yksd ukjk;.kkus fuekZ.k dsys] R;kr egyksZdkpkgh mYys[k vkgs-

Hkwyksd] HkqoyksZd] LoyksZd] egyksZd] tuyksd b- ph fufeZrh

iz.kokiklwu >kyh- egyksZdkr ludknh _f”k&equh okLro djhr

vlr- gs egyksZd o#.kkps gksrs- ;kyk fojkV iq#”kkps eq[k EgVys vkgs-

#nz] o#.k] o`=] ojkg gs ukaxjkps izfrfuf/kRo djrkr] gs fuf’pr

gks;- o#.k gk ukaxj:ih vlqj uk;d gksrk- R;kP;k ;k ukaxj:ikeqGs

rks lqQyrspk nso gksrk- _Xosnkrhy ,d o#.klwDr o#.kkps lqQyrspk

itZU;nk;d es?k:ih jktk gs Lo:i Li”V djrs- o#.kkpk —“kd

vl.kkÚ;k ;{k&vlqj&laL—rh’kh laca/k Li”V gksrks- ;k laL—rhyk

ukx laL—rhgh EgVys tkbZ- o#.kkpk ns[khy vFkkZrp R;keqGs ukxka’kh

laca/k gksrk- R;kpk ik’k ukx:ih vls- o#.kkP;k _rfu;a=d ;k

Lo:ikrwu fnlwu ;srs- o#.k gk es?k:ih tynso vkgs- _r gh oSf’od

fu;euk’kh lacaf/kr laKk vkgs- _rpk ,d vFkZ ik.kh vkgs- o#.kkpk

;k laKs’kh ?kfu”B laca/k vkgs- rks _r j{kd vkgs-

lr~ ¼lR;½ ;k ‘kCnkpk ^mnd* vlkgh vFkZ gksrks- ^vk;* ;k

dUuM ‘kCnkps lR; o fooj vls nksu vFkZ vkgsr- vk| dkGkr

^lr~* ‘kCn —f”kek;sps izfrfu/khRo djr gksrk- ty ;k ladYiusps lkr

598

o lR; ;k laKk’kh ,d:iRo gksrs- vk; ;k dUuM ‘kCnkps lR; o

rGs vls nksUgh vFkZ vkgsr- v¸; Eg.kts ukxgh vFkZ gksrks-195

banzfot;kiwohZ o#.kp tynsork gksrk o e#r R;kpsp ty

vuq;k;h vlkosr- banz&e#r laca/k gk osndR;kZ tsR;kapk laca/k

vlY;kus rks laca/k BGdi.ks ;srks- ek= o#.k&e#r gk ewG laca/kgh

yir ukghp- vFkoZosnkrhy ,d lwDr gk laca/k nk[kfors- ohjkaP;k

lkgk¸;kus o#.k itZU;fufeZrh djrks] vls ,d lwDr Eg.krs- ohj gh

ladYiuk e#r o #nzk’kh lacaf/kr vkgs- e#rkapk firk #nz o o#.k

;kapsgh ewG ,dp vlkos- gh ckcgh ;sFks e#r&o#.k ukrs riklrkauk

mi;ksxh iMrs- dkj.k ^m:* gk o#.kokpd ‘kCn vkgs o #nzkpk

mYys[k ^moZ;Z* Eg.kwu dsyk vkgs-196

MkW- l-jk- xkMxhGkaP;k ers] ^lektkP;k izkFkfed voLFksr

vktP;k vFkkZph ^nso* dYiuk v|kih mn;kyk vkysyh ulkoh- nso

gs R;k R;k ekuolewgkrp jkg.kkjs R;kaps lkaL—frd usrs vlr- mÙkj

dkGkr R;kauk nsoRo izkIr >kys- loZ’kfDreku bZ’oj fo’okpk fuekZrk]

fu;ark v|kih izkFkfed ekuokP;k eu%l`”Vhr mn;kyk vkysyk

ulY;kus R;kyk izlUu dj.;klkBh izkFkZuk dj.;kph dYiuk vKkrp

gksrh- lkewfgd ea=iB.kke/;sp dkeukiwrhZph ;kRokRed ‘kDrh

¼Magical Potence½ vkgs- v’kh izkFkfed J/nk vlrs- fof’k”V

ea=ra=kRed deZdkaMkP;k lkgk¸;kus fulxkZoj lÙkk izLFkkfir d:u

‘k=wpk fouk’k] VksGhps j{k.k] itZU;o`”Vh] Hkwehps vkf.k L=hps

lqQyhdj.k ;k xks”Vh lk/; d:u ?ks.;kpk R;kpk iz;Ru vlrks- ^/keZ*

dYiuk mn;kyk ;s.;kiwohZph gh voLFkk vkgs- lkewfgdrk vkf.k

HkkoukRed vkosx ;kauk ea=iB.kke/;s vR;ar egÙo vkgs- ;keqGsp

ea=kps lkeF;Z ykHkrs vkf.k lk/;k dekZauk ^fo/kh*ps egÙo izkIr

gksrs-197 o#.k gk vk| nso Bjrks- ^_rk*pk fu;a=d Bjrks-

599

^_r* ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ ty] fo’ofu;eu] fo’ofu;a=.k Bjrks-

foaVjfoV~>] dhFk] eWdMksuy ;kalkj[;k osnkH;kldkauh ^_r* ‘kCnkpk

lkekU;i.ks fo’okrhy uSlfxZd vkf.k uSfrd O;oLFkk vlk vFkZ fnyk

vkgs- thouke/;s izR;;kyk ;s.kkÚ;k loZ uSlfxZd] HkkSfrd vkf.k

lkekftd&uSfrd ?kVukae/;s _”khauk _rkpsp vfLrRo tk.kor gksrs-

R;kaP;k –“Vhus _r gh fo’oO;kid ?kVuk vkgs- panz] lw;Z] itZU;

;kaph fu;ec/nrk uSlfxZd vkgs- vUu] i’kw] lw;Zizdk’k] vXuh]

tyfu/kh ;k lokZaph fuf’prh _rkeqGsp gksrs vls _”khauk okVrs-

HkkSfrd thoukrhy laiUurk vkf.k lqO;oLFkk ;kaP;k eqGk’kh _rkpsp

lkeF;Z vkgs vls _”khauk Eg.kko;kps vkgs-198 MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs ;kaP;k

ers] _rkP;k ;ksxkus ik.kh foiqy gksrs- _r;qDr izKk ikikaps fuokj.k

djrs- _r;qDr ‘yksd veaxykps n’kZu ?kMw nsr ukghr- _rkph

lkdkj:is vkYgkndkjd vkgsr- _rkP;k ;ksxkus foiqy /kkU; feGkos

v’kh LrksR;kaph bPNk vlrs- lw;Zfdj.kkapk ik.;kr izos’k gksrks rks

_rkeqGsp- _rkus _rnsokph Lrqrh dj.kkÚ;k ;tekukl _rkph izkIrh

gksrs- cyizkIrh _rkusp gksrs- ;ko:u _r gh v’kh ‘kDrh vkgs dh]

ftP;keqGs fo’okpk fodkl gksrks-199

o#.k gk _rkpk ikyudrkZ nso ekuyk tkrks- R;kP;k lkeF;kZps

oSfnd _”khauh vR;ar HkO; vls o.kZu dsys vkgs- o#.k loZlk{kh

vkgs- vkdk’kkr mM.kkÚ;k i{;kapk] rlsp leqnzkr izokl dj.kkÚ;k

ukSdkapk rks ekxZ tk.krks- fo’o lapkjh ok;wpk ekxZ rks tk.krks-

l`”Vhrhy loZ fLFkj pj ?kVukaps Hkwr&Hkfo”; rks tk.krks- o#.kkf’kok;

MksGÓkkps ikrsgh yo.kkj ukgh- o#.kkps gs lkeF;Z Eg.kts ijes’ojh

lkeF;Z vlk vilet gks.;kph ‘kD;rk vkgs( ijarq oSfnd ok³~e;kr

;kyk vk/kkj ukgh- brdsp uOgs rj vusd mYys[k ;k dYiusyk

fojks/kh vkgsr- o#.kkps gs loZ lkeF;Z Lo;aHkw ulwu _riz.khr vkgsr-

gs /;kukr Bsoko;kl gos- _rkpk ikyudrkZ ;k ukR;kusp o#.kkyk gs

600

lkeF;Z ykHkys gksrs- l`”VhØe nsokaP;k bPNsus pkyr ulwu oSfnd nsop

¼o#.kklg½ _rkps vuqlj.k ikyu dj.kkjs vkgsr-200

#nz&f’ko vktgh ^xaxk/kj* ;k Lo:ikr txkiq<s mHkk vkgsp-

oSfnd la’kks/ku eaMGkus ¼iq.ks½ izfl/n dsysY;k _XosnkP;k izrhr

^tyk”k%* ;kps lk;.k Hkk”;kps ikBkarj ^xaxk/kj%* vls fnysys vk<Grs-

iqjk.kdFkkarhy xaxk/kjRokyk osnkrhy tyk”k%pk vk/kkj vlY;kps ;sFks

O;Dr gksr vkgs- vkrk ^xaxk/kj* ;k ladsrkpk Li”V vFkZ dk;\ xaxk

gs tykps izrhd] xaxsyk /kkj.k dj.kkjk] tyL=ksrkyk vkJ; ns.kkjk

dks.k] egku ¼nso½ lkxjp uOgs dk;\ Eg.kwu vkfnukFk] îzFkeks fHk”kd*

vlk gk #nzf’ko ^vkfn% vki%* jlkph izfrekp gks; vls Eg.k.ks

vifjgk;Z Bjr ukgh dk;\ v’kk izdkjs #nz&f’kokps vkfn:i

fujfujkGÓkk ekxkZauh vtekowu ikg.;kr vkys- iRuh&iq=kdMwu

vkjk/kuk i/nrhrwu #nzf’kokP;k o`”kHkRo] tyk”kRo o fHk”kxRo ;krwu

;k nSorkP;k vki% jl Lo:ikphp [kk=h iVrs-201

Hkkjrh; izkphu ijaijsizek.ks [kjk ^vkiksoRl%* vikauokr~ Eg.kts

panzp gks;- leqnzeaFkudFkk vkBokoh- panzkyk jlkf/kirh vls uko

vkgs- fo’okrhy vki% jlkpk Lokeh gk panz vkgs- v’kh J/nk

tkxfrd ikrGhoj izpfyr vkgs- _Xosnkr ofl”B eaMykrp jktu~

o#.kkyk lfyy% vuki% jlkapk irh EgVys vkgs- gk jktu~ panz ^vkfn

iq#”k* ukx%ukj&v;u ¼ukjk;.k½Lo:ikr nSordFkkarwu okojrks- o`&oj~

;k ‘kCnewykiklwu lkf/kr o#.k ;k ‘kCnkr lokZojd nSor’kDrh vlk

vFkZ vkgs- ô`=* ladsrk’kh rks rqyuh; vkgs- ô`=* ;k ladsrkyk ik.kh]

jk= vkf.k liZ vls vFkZ vfHkizsr vlY;kps osnkrhy iqjkO;ko:up

fl/n vkgs- o`= o o#.k ;k nksUgh nSorizfrekf’kYikrhy lkE;

_XosnkarxZr vk’k; tk.k.;kP;k –“Vhus ekSfyd egÙokps Bjr vkgs-

lokZojd loZO;kih ¼vki½ rÙo gs i;kZ;kus va/kkj jk= fuekZ.k dj.kkjs

gksrs- va/kkj%vkirÙo e`R;wps lkadsfrd :igh gks;- ty gs thou o

601

ej.k ;k mHk; Lo:ikps vkgs- ^ve`r pSo e`R;q%p* ’kDrhp lokZodj

‘kDrh gks;- ;ko:u o#.k gk panz vlY;kps tk.kors- _Xosnkrhy

_r% lR;kP;k ewG /kkj.ksrhy fLFkR;arjkyk R;kdkGh pkanzlaiznk;kpk

¼Eg.kts ;k osnkrhy o#.k] o`=] vfnrh ;k nSorizfrekiwtdkapk½ izHkko

ok<w ykxyk gsp izeq[k dkj.k vlkos-202

_rkpk lokZr vf/kd laca/k o#.kk’kh vkgs- gs /;kukr Bsfoys

Eg.kts o#.k;qxkpk vLr vkf.k _rkpk yksi ;kekxhy jgL;

vf/kdkf/kd myxMw ykxrs- _rdYiuk baMks&bjkf.k;u dkGkrhy vkgs

gs dhFkus lizek.k nk[kowu fnys vkgs- ,o<sp uOgs rj vgqjeÖn vkf.k

vlqj o#.k ;k nksu nsork osxosxGÓkk dfYi.ks v’kD; vkgs-

mÙkjdkGkr vizfr”Bk ikoysys vlqj gsp fc:n ;k nksugh nsork /kkj.k

djrkr- ;k dkGkr ^vlqj* gk ‘kCn vR;ar xkSjokLin vk’k;kpk

letyk tkbZ- iq<s ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ usedk myVk >kyk vkgs-nsokaps

‘k=w gs vlqj! vgqjeÖn vkf.k vlqj o#.k gs nks?ksgh _rkps /kkrs

vkgsr- o#.k T;kizek.ks ^fe=k’kh* layXu vkgs- R;kizek.ks vgqjeÖn

^feFkzk* ‘kh layXu vkgs- ;k nksugh nsorkaps lokZr egÙokps leku

oSf’k”VÓk Eg.kts R;kapk oSf’od uSfrdrs’kh vlysyk laca/k gs gks;-

izkphu oSfnd ok³~e;krhy o#.kkpk bfrgkl Eg.kts uSfrd ewY;kapk

mRd”kZ! ijarq oSfnd vk;Z Hkkjrkr vkY;kuarj ;k uSfrd ewY;kapk

o#.kklg yksi >kysyk Li”V fnlrks-203 ia- egknso’kkL=h ;kaP;k

erkuqlkj] nSorsfrgklkr o#.k gk vkfnnso vkgs- cMk nso vkgs- rks

banzkgwu uOgs rj vusd nsorkagwu izkphu vkgs- rks vk;Zoa’kkpk ewy nso

vkgs- vk;kZaP;k ewGkr nksu ‘kk[kk >kY;k- ‘kaHkj ;k la[;syk ^’kre~*

Eg.k.kkjh ,d vkf.k ^dsUre~* ¼cent½ Eg.k.kkjh nqljh- bjk.kh vkf.k

Hkkjrh; vk;Z gs ^’kre~* okys vkf.k Lyko oxSjs ;qjksih; vk;Z gs

^dsUre~* okys gksr- ikj’kh yksdkapk loZJs”B nso vgqjeÖn Eg.kts

Hkkjrh; vk;kZapk o#.kp gks;- nqlÚ;k ‘kk[ksps yksd f[kzLrh gks.;kiwohZ

602

î:u* ukokP;k ,dk nsokyk Hktr gksrs- rks î:u* Eg.kts

o#.kf’kok; nqljk dks.kh uOgs- o#.kkpk vf/kdkj iqjkrudkGh Qkj

eksBk gksrk- rks fo’okpk laLFkkid vkf.k lkoZHkkSe gksrk- uhfr/kkjd

vkf.k loZO;kid gksrk- vk;Z ekuo R;kyk lknj var%dj.kkus izkFkhZr-

vkiY;k gkrwu dkgh iki vkf.k –“—R; ?kMys( rj o#.kkyk rs fnlsy

vkf.k rks vkiY;kyk f’k{kk dsY;kokpwu jkg.kkj ukgh] v’kh

R;kP;kcn~ny yksdkaP;k eukr lnSo Hkhrh olr vls-204

osnkr vkf.k iqjk.kkr o#.kkpk laca/k gk ÅoZ’kh’kh tksMysyk

vkgs- mj Eg.kts ân; o m: Eg.kts ekaMÓkk gks;- moZ’kh Eg.kts

ukjk;.kkP;k ekaMhrwu mRiUu >kysyh moZ’kh- moZjk Eg.kts lqfid tehu

gks;-205 moZjk Eg.kts ukaxjysyh tehu gks;-206 vi~&ljk moZ’kh gh

ukjk;.kkP;k ekaMhrwu tUeyh- gh ladYiuk vuSlfxZd fopkjewrZ

dj.;kps ¼illegitimate abstraction½ ,d mRre mnk- Eg.krk ;sbZy-

ûkj* yk vki% tyokpd vFkZ vkgs- ukj ¼¾ukx½ dU;k Eg.kts vi~

ljk ¾ ukxdU;k! gs ljG u lkaxrk ;sFks okijysys ra= laeksgd vkgs-

i.k fdrhgh vuSlfxZd loZ ra= Lora= EgVys rjh ekuoh;

thoukuqHkokrhy va’k] v’kk ladYiusrwugh fnlrksp- ofl”B]

,srjs;knhaph gh feJ larrh vkgs] gs lqpokos i.k yiokos ;k izsj.kk

}a}kps Qfyr gh ladYiuk gks;-207

moZ’kh gh vR;ar yko.;laiUu vIljk- _Xosnkr fgpk mYys[k

vusdnk vk<Grks- lw;kZP;k vkjk/kusl tkr vlrk fgus fe= ;k

vkfnR;k’kh lekxekpk ladsr dsyk gksrk- uarj o#.kkus lekxekph

fouarh dsyh vlrk fe=k’kh ladsr dsyk vlY;kps lkaxwu fgus udkj

fnyk- rsOgk o#.kkus vkiys oh;Z ,dk dqaHkkr folftZr dsys-

ladsrkuqlkj ;s.;kl foyac dsY;kus vkf.k o#.kkdMs xsY;kus larIr

gksÅu fe=kus fryk ‘kki fnyk o vkiys oh;Z R;kp dqaHkkr Vkdys-

R;k oh;kZiklwu vxLR; vkf.k ofl”B tUekyk vkys- fe=kP;k

603

‘kkikeqGs fryk ekuo:i izkIr >kys- fof’k”V vVhaoj gh iq:jO;kph

iRuh >kyh( ijarq R;kP;kdMwu vVhaps mYya?ku gksrkp frus R;kpk

R;kx dsyk- ÅoZ’khyk fe=kiklwu vxLrh >kyk rj o#.kkiklwu ofl”B

>kyk-208

ofl”B gk eR;Z O;Drh uOgs- fo’okfe=kizek.ks lkoZdkfyd

lukru oSpkfjd vk—rhph gh ,d lkadsfrd izfrek gks;- gs [kjs

vlsy rj ;k ofl”B ladsrke/khy lukru ¼Perennial½ vFkZ% fopkj

dks.krk\ fo’okfe= gk ^lfor`* /kh izpksnd izdk’krÙokpk ladsr rj

;kpk izfrLi/khZ ofl”B gk pkanz% jk=rÙokpk mikldp vlkok- ofl”B

ijaijk iq<s pkyfo.kkjk O;kl panzoa’kkph dFkk egkHkkjrkr fuosnu

djrks- O;kl gk panzksikld rj O;klkpk iwoZt Eg.kwu x.kysyk

ofl”Bgh panzksikldp vl.kkj- ofl”B&’kDrh&ijk’kj & O;kl gh

ijaijk ekU; vkgs- ofl”B gk vkfnR;:ih o#.kiq= gks;- osnkrhy

izek.kko:u gh xks”V fuf’pr vkgs- i.k gk vkfnR;:ih o#.k ;k

osnkr jk=hpk nso >kyk vkgs- gk izPNUu panz vlY;kus vksYMsucxZ

izHk`fr la’kks/kdkauh leizek.k fl/n dsys vkgs- xhrspk Hkxoku vki.k

vkfnR; vkgs- o#.kgh vkgs] vls lkaxrks vkf.k vki.k ^v’oRFk%

loZo`{kk.kk* vkgksr vls lkaxrks- gk iq#”k ¼fyax½ :ih o`{k gks;- moZ’kh

uk;d ûkj* viL=ok ;k ofl”Bkyk tUe nsrs vkf.k gh ûkj*]

ûkjk;.k* ¼ukj v;u½ nsokP;k ekaMhrwu tUeyh Eg.kwu lkadsfrd dFkk

vkgs- gk [kjks[kj ukx ¾ v’oRFk o`{k ¾ ukjk;.k vkgs- gs lehdj.k

f’k”VekU; vkgs- ukx ¾ panz gh lkadsfrd izfrek cksydh vkgs- ukx ¾

ukjk;.k ¾ panz vkf.k ofl”Bkyk tUe ns.kkjh gh moZ’kh ¾ yksdeksfguh

^panzk* vkgs- ;k panz&panzk fdaok panzk··fnR; feFkquspk iq= ofl”B ! gs

[kjs vlsy rj ofl”B nf{k.k dinkZps mikluk nSor% ^czãu* gs

^panzk··fnR;* :ih fuR;feF;k feFkqu;ksxkrhy vkfnl`td’kDrh

Bjrs-209

604

fo”.kq/keksZRrjiqjk.kkr R;kps ewfrZ/;ku lkafxrys vkgs] rs vls &

o#.k yacksnj prqHkZt lkr galkP;k jFkkr clysyk vlk djkok-

R;kP;k mtO;k nksu gkrkr deG o ik’k vlkos- MkO;k nksu gkrkr

‘ka[k o jRudjMad vlkos- XkkSjh gh iRuh R;kP;k MkO;k ekaMhoj

clokoh- xaxk o ;equk ;k R;kP;k nksgh vaxh nk[kokO;k- i.k v’kk

o.kZukP;k o#.kizfrek cgqnk vk<Gr ukghr- vk<Grkr R;k f}Hkqt o

edjk:< vkgsr- Hkqous’oj ;sFks jktjk.khP;k eafnjkr o#.kkph ,d

lqjs[k ewRkhZ vkgs- R;k f’kYikr o#.kkph mHks jkg.;kph <c MkSynkj

vkgs- R;kP;k mtO;k gkrh ik’k vlwu MkO;k gkrh ojneqnzk vkgs-

R;kP;k ‘kjhjkojps jRu[kphr eqdqV] daBk] dejcan eksR;kps i’kksiohr]

d.kZHkw”k.ks b-loZ vaydkj laqnji.ks dksjysys vkgsr-210

o#.kkP;k okguke/;s edjkpk ¼lqljhpk½ mYys[k ;srks- edj ;k

laLd`r ‘kCnkpk ejkBhrhy vFkZ ¼exj½ vlk gksrks- edjhpk fuokl

fnO;tykr vlrks- edjhpk lac/k gk xtsnzka’kh] gRrha’kh vkgs- xtsanz]

ukx gs tyo”kZ.k djrkr- rs y{ehP;k lgoklkr vlrkr-

T;ksfr”k’kkL=kr edjkpk lacaa/k gk ik.k?kksMÓkk’kh yko.;kr vkysyk

vkgs- fganw /kekZr ikS”k eklkpk ‘ksoV edj laØkarhus gksrks- uoo”kkZph

lq#okr Eg.kwu edjlaØkarhps ioZ lktjs dsys tkrs- dsjGe/khy

‘kcjheykbZP;k eafnjkr edjlaØkarhP;k fno’kh eafnjkrhy ifo=

T;ksrhyk ^edj T;ksrh* vls EgVys tkrs- xaxk gh o#.kkph izfrfu/kh

vkgs- edj gh xaxsph lkadsfrd izfrfu/kh vkgs- y{eh gh leqnzeaFkukrwu

tUekyk vkysyh vkgs- R;keqGs edj gh y{ehphgh izfrfu/kh Bjrs-

o#.k gk tykpk ¼_rkpk½ fuekZrk vkgs- edjlaØkar gs ioZ rel;qxkpk

uk’k vkf.k mÙkjk;.kkpk izkjaHk Bjrs- fganw nSordFkkae/;s edj gs dkekps

izrhdgh vkgs- rlsp ;ksxkoLFkspsgh izrhd vkgs- ^iùkdj* ;k

‘kCnke/;s iù vkf.k edj ;k nksu ‘kCnkapk varHkkZo vkgs- xaxk]

y{eh] iù] edj gs loZ ‘kCn _r ladYius’kh] tyk’kh lacaf/kr

605

vkgsr- ,dkp ladYius’kh loZ cka/khy vkgsr- loZ ekuho izrhds

vkgsr-211

o#.kkpk laca/k edjh’kh dlk ;srks gs ojhy foospuko:u lgt

y{kkr ;sbZy- edjlaØkarhpk laca/k gk y{eh’kh tlk vkgs] rlkp rks

o#.kk’khgh vkgs- R;k fnolkuarj _rqekuke/;s gks.kkjs uSlfxZd cny gs

iwohZis{kk osxGs Bjrkr- R;keqGs o#.k&y{eh gkgh lglaca/k fnlwu

;srks- o#.k gk _rkpk vf/kirh [kÚ;k vFkkZus Bjrks- if’pe fn’kspk

vf/kirh vlY;kus rks ukxyksdkapkgh vf/kirh Bjrks- R;ko:u ukx gh

o#.kkph oSf’od pSrU;’kDrh Bjrs-

3-24 fo”.kw vkf.k f’ko % ukxkph ekuoh :is %

fo”.kw vkf.k f’ko gh nksUgh fganw /kehZ; nSors gh vkirÙokph

ekuoh :is vkgsr- xaxsph fufeZrh gh fo”.kwP;k pj.kkrwu >kysyh vkgs-

R;keqGs fryk fo”.kqinh vls EgVys tkrs- rj f’kokus fryk tVsr /kkj.k

dsY;keqGs R;kyk xaxk/kj vls lacka/kys tkrs- ;kpk vFkZ gh nksUgh

vkfne nSors gh vkirÙokrwu tUekyk vkysyh vkgs- vki rÙokpk

vFkZ ik.kh gksrks] ik.;kpk lewg gksrks- ukjk;.k ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ

ik.;kP;k vk/kkjkus igqMysyk-212 ik.;kyk uhj Eg.krkr vkf.k FkaM

ik.;kyk r..khj fdaok rf..k vls lacks/kys tkrs-213 Hkxoku Lo;aHkw

;kus lw{eHkwrkaph vgadjkfn l`”Vh fuekZ.k dsY;koj ukuk rÚgsph LFkwy

izkf.kl`”Vh fuekZ.k dj.;kpk ladYi d:u izFke mnd fuekZ.k dsys o

R;k mndkps fBdk.kh vkiys oh;Z lksMys- vki Eg.kts mnd ;kykp

^ukjk* v’kh laKk vkgs- ;kps dkj.k uj Eg.kts bZ’oj ;kiklwu rs >kys

o bZ’ojkykp ukjk;.k vls Eg.krkr- ;kps dkj.k ukjk Eg.kts mnd

gsp R;kus v;u Eg.kts vkJ;LFkku gks;- bZ’ojkus mndkr oh;Z

lksMY;koj dkgh dkykus rs lksU;kP;k o.kkZps ,d vaMs >kys- R;k

vaMÓkkrwu czãnso vki.k gksÅup mRiUu >kyk o Eg.kwup R;kyk

Lo;aHkw Eg.krkr-214 Hkxoku ukjk;.k vfpaR; vkgsr- rs vukfn

606

iwoZtkaps czãLo:i o lokZapk fuekZrk vkgs- ukjk;.kkfo”k;h ,d ‘yksd

vlk &

ßvkiks ukjk bfr izksDrk vkiks oS ujlwuo%A

v;u rL; rk% iwoZ rrks ukjk;.k% Le`r%AAÞ 215

ukj ¼mnd½ vkf.k ukjk;.k ;kpk ,dRo laca/k ;k ‘yksdkrwu

vuqHkork ;srks- l`”VhP;k izy;dkGh tsOgk loZ= jk= iljrs rsOgk

laiw.kZ l`”Vh tye; gksrs- Eg.ktsp l`”VhP;k vkfn&varh QDr

tyrÙop iljysys vkgs- gk ukjk;.k vkfn ‘ks”k&l`f”VdrkZ vkgs-

;keqGs gs ^ukj* l`tuty&jsr ‘kqØ gks;- gk ukjk;.k ukx ¾ ‘ks”k ¾

panz gks;- panzkyk ,dk{k vlsgh lacks/kys tkrs- ukx gk ns[khy ,dk{k

Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkrks- iqjkru J/nsizek.ks gk iq#”k ukjk;.k vkgs- ty

gs izk.krÙo vkgs- gk uj&ukjk;.k iaFk izk.kfyax ikrGhojhy

panzksikldkpk vkgs- R;keqGs ukjk;.k gk loZO;kih vkfn’ks”kkps ekuoh

:i Bjrks-216 MkW- Mh-Mh- dkslachaP;k ers] osnkae/;s fo”.kw vkgs- i.k

ukjk;.k ukgh- ukjk;.kkph O;qRiÙkh tks okgR;k ik.;koj ¼ukjk½ futrks

rks v’kh vlkoh vkf.k gh ukjk;.kkph vpy fLFkrh eku.;kr ;srs-217

ikSjkf.kd lanHkkZpk fopkj djrk gs lgti.ks y{kkr ;srs dh] ukjk;.k

gk tykpk vf/kirh vkgs- rks panzksikld vkgs- panzkph ukx gh

i’kqizfrek vkgs- R;keqGs panz % ukx% ukjk;.k gh laL—rhus fodflr

dsysyh :is vkgsr-

fo”.kwP;k lgL= ukekoyhrhy dkgh ukes gh ojhy erkaph iq”Vh

nsrkr- vuark ¼ns’k] dky o oLrw ;kaP;k e;kZnsiyhdMs vl.kkjk½]

vuark[; ¼’ks”kk½] ijLokfeu~ ¼czãnsokpkgh Lokeh½] iùs’k;

¼czãkaM’kkfLFkr½] vuar ¼vuark½] vukns¼mÙifrjfgrk½] leqnzkf/kokl ;k

ukokr fo”.kwpk ‘ks”kk’kh vkf.k tyk’kh laca/k izLFkkfir >kysyk fnlwu

;srks-218 v/;k; 339 e/;s vki Eg.kts mnd gs ‘kjhjkpk okpd

‘kCn lkafxrysyk vkgs- ‘kjhjkph mÙiÙkh ^uj* Eg.kts thokus

607

vfo|kdfYir dsyh vlY;kus vki fdaok ‘kjhj ;kyk ^ukjk* vls

EgVys tkrs vkf.k loZ izk.;kaph ‘kjhjs gsp ek>s v;u Eg.kts

olfrLFkku vlY;keqGs ukjk;.k vls EgVys tkrs-219 vuq’kklu

iokZe/;s egkiq#”kizLrko lkafxrysyk vkgs- R;kr fo”.kqukekoyhP;k

/kkj.kk lkafxrysY;k vkgsr- vuar ¼’ks”k½ b- P;k :ikauh loZ fo’okyk

rksp /kkj.k djrks o iksf”krks Eg.kwu R;kl /kkrk ¼/kk&iks”k.k dj.ks½

Eg.krkr- txrkps dkj.k ts iù rs R;k HkxoarkP;kp ukHkhP;k Bk;h

mRiUu >kys- Eg.kwu R;kl iùukHk Eg.krkr- R;kyk vky Eg.kts ca/ku

ukgh] Eg.kwu R;kl O;ky Eg.krkr- HkqtaxksÙke ‘ks”k gs R;k Hkxoarkpsp

:i gks; Eg.kwu R;kl HkqtaxksÙke Eg.krkr- iùkizek.ks R;kph ukHkh

xjxjhr okVksGh vkgs fdaok ân;:i iùkP;k ukHkhr rks lnSo izdkf’kr

vlrks Eg.kwu R;kl iùukHk Eg.krkr- tykpk fu/kh Eg.kts lkxj gs

R;kpsp :i gks;- Eg.kwu R;kl vikfu/kh Eg.krkr- R;kP;k gkrkr iù

vkgs o R;kP;k lkfUu/; fuR; iùk ¼y{eh½ vkgs- Eg.kwu R;kl iùh

Eg.krkr- R;kps us= iùklkj[ks rst%iqat vkgsr- Eg.kwu R;kl

iùfu{ks{k.k Eg.krkr- czãkaM:i iù R;kP;k ukHkhP;k Bk;h vkgs fdaok

yksdkaP;k mRinkP;k ukfHkizns’kh R;kps lnSo okLrO; vkgs- Eg.kwu

R;kl iùukHk Eg.krkr- vuankfndkaP;k :ikus i`Fohoj Hkkj rksp /kkj.k

djrks Eg.kwu R;kl HkkjHk`r Eg.krkr-220 ojhy loZ ukos gh ‘ks”kokpd]

tyokpd Lo:ikph vkgsr- ‘ka-ck- tks’khaP;k ers] ßek/ko gs uko

e/kqokpd vkgs- ds’ko lq/nk ;kp oxkZrys vlkos- ds’ko ;krgh

tyokpd vFkZ vfHkizsr ulrk rj] ^ds’koa ifrra –“V~ok ikaMok%

g”kZfuHkZjk%* gs fojks/kkHkklkRed lqHkkf”kr izfl/nhl >kysp ulrs-

ukjk;.k vkf.k ek/ko ;k ukokizek.ks ds’ko ;k ukokrgh jl ¼ty½

okpd vFkZ ?ks.;krp vkSfpR; jkg.kkj vkgs- dkj.k fo”.kqLej.kkcjkscj

fdafpr ik.kh ?ksÅu jl:ih fo”.kwps gs izrhd varjaxh lkBoko;kP;k

iz;Ru’khy gh ,d —rh vkgs- Eg.kwu vkpeukrhy ikfgys ds’ko gs

608

ukogh tyokpd vlys ikfgts vls okVrs-Þ221 ;ko:u fo”.kw]

ukjk;.k ;k tyokpd nsork vkgsr- fdacgquk fo”.kwps izR;sd uko gs

pkanzlaiznk;h uko vkgs- pØorhZ uko vkgs vlsp Eg.kkos ykxrs-

egkHkkjrkP;k ^‘kkafriokZ*rhy ^Hkh”eLrojktk*r Hkh”ekus fo”.kwps

Lrou dsysys vkgs- ^vkfn vkf.k var ulysyk T;k ijczãkps Kku

nsokauk vFkok _”khauk ulwu] T;kyk dsoG ,d Hkxoku txnqRiknd

tyk’kk;h Jhfo”.kwp tk.krks o R;kP;kiklwu T;k vrhafnz;] vfouk’kh

ijekRE;kps Kku _f”kleqnk;] fl/n] egkliZ] nso vkf.k nso”khZ ;kauk

>kys vkgs o nso] nSR;] xa/koZ] ;{k] jk{kl vkf.k liZ ;kaukgh tks

Hkxoku dks.k o dksBs okLrO; djrks gs dGr ukgh- T;k vk|ar’kwU;]

Lo;aHkw o lukru v’kk nsorsps vkjk/ku nso] nSR;] xa/koZ] fl/n] _”kh

vkf.k egkliZ gs ‘kqfpHkwZr gksÅu izR;gh djrkr- –“Vhl o Kku’kDrhl

vxkspj vlysY;k T;k lagkj’kDrhlaiUu izHkw ukjk;.kkyk laiw.kZ

txrkpk drkZ ijczã Eg.krkr-222 fo”.kw vFkok ukjk;.k Lor%yk

vkfn’ks”k ekurkr- Hkxonxhrsr Hkx&oku Lor%p tkghj djrks dh]

^likZuke vga oklqfd]* ^ukxkuke~ vuar%p vfLe* brdsp uOgs rj

^jlks·ge~ vIlq* ^vkfnR;kuke~ vga fo”.kq%* ;k mDrhr gk vki%

jl:ih vkfnR; Eg.kts panzp gks;] gs fl/n gksrs- vkfnR;kr lw;Z o

panz nks?ksgh vfHkizsr vkgsr-223 _Xosnke/;s fnrh ok dnzwpk dqBsgh

mYys[k ukgh- rsOgk ^vfnrh* gh ladYiuk O;kIr gksÅu fnrh o dnzwpk

R;krp lekos’k gksrks- R;keqGs ^vkfnR;* ;k ladYiusr ¼izfresr½ lq/nk

panzgh lekfo”V gksrks- Hkkjrh; lukru J/nsizek.ks vkfn&’ks”k

¼%ukx¾ukjk;.k½ gk l`f”VdrkZ gks;( i.k iqjk.kkarjh ukjk;.kkP;k ukHkhrwu

czã ¼%vaM½ l`f”VdrkZ laHkoyk vls lqpo.;kr ;srs- ukx

¼%ukj&^v;u*½ gk l`td ek/;e vkgs- Eg.kwu ^ukx&ukjk;.k* gk

vkfn&iq#”k Eg.kforks- ;kpk _Xosnkr ;k vkfniq#”kkps gh HkO; lwDr

vkgs vkf.k ;k vkfniq#”kkpk L=ksrdkj ukjk;.k gs lkadsfrd uke:i

609

/kkj.k djrks-224 ukjk;.k gk ^ve`r pSo e`R;q%p] lr~ vlr~ p -----*

v’kk mHk;fo/k Lo:ikpk vkgs- ukx%liZ izfres}kjk ukjk;.kkpsp n’kZu

?kMrs- ;k lkadsfrd ikrGhojhy vfHktkr izfresyk ukukFkZ laHkorkr-

thou vkf.k e`R;w gh ukx% ukjk;.k :isp ekukoh ykxrkr- Hkkf”kd

izfrek ladsrkrhy vFkZlkeF;kZeqGs Dramatic Irony P;k Lo:ikr v’kk

rÚgspk yiaMko m?kMdhl ;srks-225 fo”.kwP;k oh;Z’kfDreqGsp fo’o

fuekZ.k gksrs- Eg.kwu fo’okyk vk/kkjHkwr gksÅu LraHkor~ rks mHkk jkgrks-

fo”.kwP;k ewfrZfp=.kkr ojhy lkaiznkf;d J/nsyk iq”Vh ns.kkjh lkadsfrd

izrhds vk<Grkr- fo”.kwP;k gkrkrhy ‘ka[k o iù gh d’kkph izrhds\

^Roa iqjk lkxjksRiUu%] fo”.kquk fo/k`r% djs* vls ‘ka[kkps o.kZu dsys

tkrs- iù Eg.kts deG- gs ik.;kps ,d izrhd vkgs- îùs ‘k;* vls

fo”.kwps o.kZu egkHkkjr o gfjoa’kkr ;srs- ;k fBdk.kh iù Eg.kts

ik.kh gk vFkZ ?;kok ykxrks- dkj.k fo”.kw lkxjkr ‘k;u dj.kkjk vls

lkax.;kr ;srs( i.k deGkoj futysyk vls nk[kfo.kkjs fp= fdaok

dFkk feGr ukgh- laL—re/;s deG ;k ‘kCnkpk ik.kh vlkgh ,d

vFkZ vk<Grks- fo”.kwyk iùukHk vlsgh uko vkgs- ukHkh Eg.kts dsanz-

dsanz ;k vFkhZ ukHkhpk mi;ksx mifu”kn dkGkiklwu vk<Grks- ik.;kps

dsanz Eg.kts dk;\ lkxjp uk\ ;k o:u fo”.kw gk ukx% ukjk;.k

Bjrks- gs /;kukr ?;kos ykxrs-226 osnkae/;s banz gk o`=gu~ vkgs]

dkGks[kkpk & vHkkokpk uk’k dj.kkjk vkgs- rks izdk’k:i vkgs-

lfor` & rstksHkkLdjkpk i;kZ; vkgs- o`= gk va/kkj] vFkkZr vHkko-

;ke/khy fojks/k uSlfxZd vkgs- izdk’k gk Hkko&vfLrRo vkf.k va/kkj

gk R;k Hkkokapk vfLrRokpk udkj Eg.ktsp v&Hkko] e`R;w! gh oSfnd

ijaijk gks;- i.k ;k banziwtd ijaijsP;k fo#/n ukx&vfg&o`=iwtdkaph

th ukxiwtd ijaijk osnkrgh Mksdkors fryk Eg.kts va/kkjok|kauk

izdk’k udks vkgs-227 gk ûkjk;.k* ukx&liZ vkgs- rs ijaijkxr izfrek

fp=ko:u fuf’pr vkgs- HkkSrl`”Vhl ¾ l`tukl dkj.k:i gk ûkx*

610

,d v{k Lo:i vkgs vkf.k gk ¼lgL=½ ^v{k* :ih îq#”k* ukjk;.k

vkgs- gk ûkx* ¾ vfg% o`= panz vkgs- panz gk ,dk{k vkgs- ekuho

:ikr rks lgL=k{k cuysyk vkgs-228 ;ko:u fo”.kw ok ukjk;.k gh

nsork ukxkps ekuoh ok ekuho :i ekukos ykxrs-

Hkxoku f’ko ns[khy ukxkps ekuoh :i ekurk ;srs- ukx gk

{ks=irh vkgs- f’ko ns[khy {ks=irh Bjrks- Hkxoku ‘kCnkrhy Hkx gÓkk

‘kCnkpk vFkZ L=h tuusafnz; vlk gksrks-229 Hkxoku ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ

{ks=irh vlk Bjrks- ;ko:u f’ko o ukx ;krhy lk/kE;Z BGdi.ks

tk.krs- egkHkkjrkrhy ^vuq’kkluiokZ*P;k êgknso ekgkRE;dFkuk*r

f’koLrqrh vkysyh vkgs- R;kr] ^rks Hkxoku ‘kadjp ‘ks”k:ikus Hkwehyk

mpywu /kfjrks- liZ gsp R;kps dfVca/k gksr- likZph osVksGh ghp R;kph

dqaMys gksr- liZ gsp R;kps ;Kksiohr vkf.k gfLrpeZ gsp R;kps

mÙkjh; vkgs-* vlk mYys[k ;srks-230 f’kokP;k vusd ukekae/;s

^LFkk.kw* gs uko yksdfiz; vkgs- LFkk.kw Eg.kts mpywu /kj.kkjk- f’ko

gkp vkfn’ks”kkpk ekuoh vorkj gksrks- egkHkkjrkP;k ^lkSfIrdiokZ*r

v’oRFkkE;kyk #nzn’kZu ?kMysys vkgs- R;kr ^rks f/kIikM vlwu

panzlw;kZizek.ks R;kps rst gksrs- R;kaps vaxkoj O;k?kzpeZ gksrs- R;kus

—“.kkftu ika?kjys gksrs- ukxkaps ;Kksiohr R;kus /kkj.k dsys gksrs- R;kps

gkr fdrhrjh ykacypd vkf.k yð vlwu ukukizdkjph ‘kL=kL=s ?ksÅu

izgkj dj.;klkBh r;kj vls gksrs-*231 ;k foospukr ns[khy f’kokus

ukxkps ;Kksiohr /kkj.k dsysys vkgs- MkW- Mh-Mh- dkslach ;kaP;k ers]

ßuanh ;k cSykps ikBhoj cl.;klkBh f’kokpk ‘kks/k yko.;kiwohZiklwu

v’e;qxhu yksd R;kph iwtk djhr vlr- ukx gk nwjoj izpkjkr

vlysyk iaFk] ‘kadjkps xGÓkkHksorh liZ nk[kowu lq’kksfHkr dsyk

vkgs-Þ232 f’kokyk ukxHkw”k.k] O;kydYi] ukxgjkfnzd] ukxjktk]

ukxsanzk] ukxs’k] udqyk] O;kyhu b- ukokus lacks/kys tkrs-233 f’ko

vkf.k ikoZrh gsp txrkps ekrk firk vkgsr- f’ko gkp HkkSfrd

611

l`”Vhpk fuekZrk o lagkjdrkZ vkgs- _Xosnkr #nzkyk vlqj ekuys vkgs-

;keqGs v&lqj] #nziq=] #fnz; gh v&nso nSR;p gksrkr- vfg&Hkkuwaph

ekrk vfnrh gh ûkx* dqykph ekrk Bjrs- vfnrhps lkE; dnzw’kh

vkgs- dnzw gs ikSjkf.kd ik= vkgs- _Xosnke/;s vfnrh ghp nSR;kaph]

ukxkaph o vkfnR;kaph ekrk Bjrs-

fo".kw o`”k&.kh rj #nz o`”k&o”kZd% o`”kHkA Eg.kts gs nks?ksgh

o”kZ.k’khy Eg.kwu tylspd nso gksr- ;k ty flapukP;k lanHkkZrp ;k

nSorkauk ukj vk;u ¾ ukjk;.k gs ukekfHk/kku lkFkZ ‘kksHkrs- gs Li”V

fnlrs- vfnrhpk lkaxkrh fo”.kw gk ukx&liZ rj ;kp dkj.kkdfjrk

#nzgh liZ Bjrks- rjhgh nks?kkr folaxrh fnlrs- #nz gk fo”.kqis{kk

fujkGk vkgs vkf.k ;k Hk;kog ¼Fierce½- #nzkr ¼Non Aryan

Element½ vk;sZarj va’k vkgs- gk lqQyhdj.k nSork’kh ¼Ferility

deity½ lac/n vkgs rj fo”.kw gk ijksidkjd vkgs] vfgald vkgs-

iz—rhP;k lkfÙod xq.kkapk ewfrZear vkfo”dkj vkgs-234 gs oS/kE;Zgh

/;kukr ?;kos ykxrs-

3-25 ok#G%;ksuh vkf.k ukx%fyax %

lektkP;k fofo/k Lrjkr leku vl.kkÚ;k /keZJ/nkarwu] :<h

ijaijkrwu vkfne dYiuk fLFkjLFkkoj >kysY;k vlrkr- ekrìwtd

laiznk;kph fufeZrh vkf.k R;kP;k’kh l[; vl.kkjh izrhds gh

izkxSfrgkfld dkGkiklwu ewG /k:u vlysyh fnlrkr- l`”Vh vkf.k

L=h] iq#”k vkf.k fyax gh vkfnrÙos izrhdkaP;k ek/;ekrwu tksiklysyh

ikgko;kl feGrkr-

ok:G gs vlsp l`”Vh;ksuhps vkfne uSlfxZd izrhd vkgs-

ôkGohus fuekZ.k dsysys ekrhP;k d.kkaps map o f’k[kj;qDr ?kj-

;kykp Hkwnsohps ¼/kfj=h½ izrhd ekuys xsys vkgs- iqjkru L=hus

/kfj=hP;k fBdk.kh vkReRokph dYiuk dsyh- L=hP;k mnjkr chtfu”ksd

gksrks- rh rs cht uoekl /kkj.k djrs vkf.k ex ,d fnol l`”Vhryk

612

,d uok ekuokadqj mxowu ckgsj ;srks- rksp vadqj ok<rks] eksBk gksrks

vkf.k rksgh Lor%iq<s vusd chts /kkj.k djrks- R;keqGs v’kk izdkjps

fuekZ.k lkeF;Z vlysyh Hkweh gh nso Lo:i vkgs] vls L=hyk okVys-

Qqy.kkjh] QG.kkjh] izlo.kkjh v’kh gh L=h:fi.kh nsork vkgs- vlk

fryk izR;; vkyk- R;krwup oSf’od ;ksuhph ladYiuk :< >kyh-

R;kps izrhd Eg.kwu ok:G ekuysys vkgs- ok:G Eg.kts fcu[kMÓkkP;k

‘kq/n ekrhpk mapoVk- ok:GkP;k ekrhyk dqekjh ekrh ekuys xsys

vkgs- frpk mi;ksx izlo.;klkBh dsyk tkrks- ok:Gkrhy liZ ok ukx

gk frpk {ks=irh vlrks- rks frpk vkfne lkFkhnkj vlrks-*235

ok:G vkf.k js.kqdk ;kapk vk.k[kh ,d etsnkj laca/k R;k

‘kCnkrwu lwfpr gksrks- js.kw Eg.kts lw{e d.k ;kiklwu L=hfyaxh js.kqdk

gk ‘kCn cuyk vkgs- ok:G gs lw{e e`fÙkdsps Eg.kts js.kwpsp cuysys

vlrs- R;ko:u js.kqdk vkf.k i`Foh ;kpk vHksnlaca/k tqGrks- MkW- jk-

fpa- <sjs ;kaP;k ers] ßxw<kdkj vkf.k e`nqeqyk;e js.kwauh cuysys ok:G

gh Hkwehph ;ksuh vkgs vkf.k R;kr fuokl dj.kkjk ukx gk iq#”krÙokpk

izfrfu/kh vkgs- js.kqdk gs nsohukep eqGh Hkwfeokpd ¼js.kq $ dk ¾

js.kqe;h ¾ i`Foh½ vkgs- R;keqGsp fryk ^dksjh Hkwfe&dk* EgVys vkgs-

xksekardkr lkarsjh gh ^Hkwfedk* ;kp i;kZ;ukekus iz[;kr vkgs- {ks=

nsork v’kk izdkjs ok:G izrhdkr iwftyh tkr vlY;keqGs vxnh

LokHkkfodi.ks eq#xu] lqczã.;] [kaMksck] tksfrck] joGukFk] HkSjo gs

{ks=irh vFkok {ks=ikG ukx:i ekuys xsys vkgsr-

lqczã.;kph iwtk rj vktgh ok:GL; ukxkP;kp :ikr dsyh

tkrs- fo’ks”k Eg.kts cYykjh ;sFkhy ^e.eSykj* ¼ek..kq eSykj ¾

e`fÙkdspk eSykj½ vkf.k tstqjh ;sFkhy dÚgsdkBh vlysyk ^vkfneSykj*

gs vlsp ok:GLFk ukx vkgsr-236 oklqnso ‘kj.k vxzoky ;kauh

vkiY;k ^bafM;k vWt uksu Vw ifk.kuh* ;k xzaFkkr HkwekrsP;k izkphu

mfRFkr e`fÙkdkewrhZps ¼relief½ Nk;kfp= fnys vkgs- frps gkr likZauh

613

os<ysys vkgsr vkf.k frP;k MksD;koj ouLirh moxysY;k vkgsr-

i`Fohyk liZjkKh Eg.kr- dnzw ok i`Foh gh ukxkaph ekrk gksrh- Eg.kwu

ikrkGkyk ukxyksd vlsgh EgVys vkgs- rsOgk ekr`nsork gh Hkwekrspsp

izrhdkRed :i ekuys xsys vlY;keqGs ukxkaP;k laL—rhr ekr`nsorsps

LFkku loZJs”B letys tkrs-Þ237 ,dw.kp moZjk voLFkseqGs i`Foh o

L=h gh oSf’od ;ksuh Bjrs- chÝkWP;k ers] ^The rites immemorially

associated with the multiplication of the tribe’s food were, when

that food came to be derived chiefly the cultivation of the soil

instead of from hunting, naturally extended to the promotion of the

earth’s fertility by ritual magic. The belief that the sexual act assists

the production of an abundant harvet of the earth’s fruits, and is

indeed indispensable to secure. Its, is universal in the lower phases

of culture.*238

liZ gs iq#”ksafnz;kps izrhd vkgs- jtLoyk voLFksr iq#”k lekxe

djhr ukghr- ukx Lor% iq#”kkps izrhd vlY;keqGs rks jtksnzO;

fi.kkÚ;kauk Li’kZ dj.kkjk ukgh- v’kh /kkj.kk vkgs- egkjk”Vªkr

ukxiapehyk dqekjh eqyh o uofookfgr fL=;k tfeuhoj ik; Bsor

ukghr- R;k >ksD;koj clrkr- dkj.k R;k dkGh l`”Vh jtLoykoLFksr

vlrs- i`Fohgh jtLoyk >kY;kf’kok; lqQfyr gksr ukgh v’kh /kkj.kk

Hkkjrh; laL—rhus vkfne dkGkiklwu tksiklysyh vkgs- T;k dkGkr

i`Foh jtLoyk gksrs- R;k dkGkr iq#”k lekxe fuf”k/n ekuyk tkrks-

rn~or Hkwehpk ykaxyk’kh Eg.kts ukaxjk’kh laca/k ;srk dkek u;s- rlsp

R;k dkGkr chtoiu d: u;s vlsgh lkafxrys vkgs-239 vlk

dYiukca/k vkgs-

tksosZ laL—rhP;k mR[kuukr f’kjklg vl.kkÚ;k vusd

ekr`nsorkaP;k izfrek lkiMysY;k vkgsr- R;k b-iw- P;k nqlÚ;k

lgL=dkr ?kMysY;k vlkO;kr- bukexkoke/khy mR[kuukrgh v’kk

614

izfrek feGkysY;k vkgs- ;k izfrek lqQyukP;k ladYius’kh ukrs

lkax.kkÚ;k vkgsr- ?kjkP;k ,dk dksiÚ;kr R;k f’kjksfofgu nsork

iqjysY;k vlr- R;kP;k mjksHkkxkeqGs R;k ekr`Ron’kZd vlY;k

ikfgtsr- egkHkkjrkr fof’kjk ukokP;k nsohps o.kZu vkysys vkgs-

‘kkdaHkjh gh ouLirhaP;k lqQyukph vf/k”Bk=h nsork vkgs- fu%larku

fL=;k viR; izkIrhlkBh frps iwtu djrkr- Bk.ks ftYgÓkkrhy okjyh

yksd îky?kV* ukokP;k nsohph iwtk djrkr- laL—r ^?kV&iYyok’kh*

ukrs lkax.kkjk ‘kCn vkgs- iky?kV Eg.kts ekaMh ?kkrysyh fLFkrh- rh

nsoh lqQyukph vf/k”Bk=h nsoh vkgs- ;k nsohps fo/kh QDr fL=;kp

djrkr- ;ko:u izkphu dkGkrhy f’kjksfoghu nsohizfrek gh

lqQyukP;k ladYius’kh fuxfMr gksR;k gs Li”V fnlwu ;srs-240 ekgwj gs

xko ns[khy ekrìwj ok i`fFkohiwj ;k ekrìwtd laiznk;k’khp fuxfMr

vkgs- xzkensorkaps iqtkjh gs L=h iqtkjh vlr- vktgh dqBs dqBs

iwtslkBh Hkxr iwtsiqjrs yqxMsp vkMos ykor vlrks-

ewfrZiwtsP;k vk/kh ok R;kcjkscjhusp vkfne ekuo dkgh izrhdkaps

iwtu djhr vls- R;kr liZ gs izrhd oa’ko`/nhlkBhp okijys tkr

vls- rs m?kMm?kM l`tukps izrhd gksrs- liZ tfeuhr ok#Gs d:u

tehu HkqlHkq’khr d:u lksMrkr- T;kosGh ukaxjkpkgh ‘kks/k ykxysyk

uOgrk- rsOgk likZauh v’kh r;kj dsysyh tehu ‘ksrhlkBh vR;ar

ykHknk;d Bjk;ph- liZ vkf.k R;kps ok:G gs L=h iq#”k ehyukpsgh

izrhd vkgs-241

izkFkfed ekuokP;k ‘ksrhP;k lqQyhdj.kfo”k;d dYiuk L=hiq#”k

lekxek’kh d’kk layXu >kysY;k vkgsr gs nk[kfo.kkjk ,d

Hkk”kk’kkL=h; iqjkok Jh- ih-lh- ckxph ;kauh fnyk vkgs- ukaxj ‘kCnkpk

laL—r izfr’kCn ^yk³~xye~* vlk vkgs- egkHkkjr vkf.k lw=ok³~e;

;kae/;s ;k ‘kCnkps ^yk³~xwy* vls :i vk<Grs vkf.k ;kpkgh vFkZ

ojhy izdkjsp gksrks- fyax gk ‘kCngh ;kp ‘kCnkiklwu vkyk vlkok-

615

larkGkP;k Hkk”ksr ^yk* ¾ mdj.ks] Hkksd ikM.ks v’kk vFkkZpk ‘kCn

vkgs- rsOgk ;k ewG /kkrwiklwu r;kj >kysY;k ^yk³~xye~*] ^yk³~xwy*

bR;knh ‘kCnkauk nqgsjh vFkZ ;kok gs ;k nksUgh fØ;kadMs ikg.;kP;k –

f“Vdksukps |ksrd vkgs- ukaxj.;kph fØ;k vkf.k eSFkqufØ;k ;ke/khy

lk/kE;kZoj vf/kf”Br v’kk dYiuk oSfnd ok³~e;krgh iq”dG

lkiMrkr- oSfnd vk;kZaph laL—rh iq#”kiz/kku gksrh- gs y{kkr ?ksrk gh

rqyuk vxnh LokHkkfod vkgs] gs Li”V gksrs- eqGkr ^ukaxj* ‘kCnkr

vfHkizsr vlysyh dYiuk vktP;k ukaxjkgwu fHkUu gksrh- tehu mdj.ks

o ch isj.ks ;k nksUghgh fØ;k dj.kkjh ,d Vksdnkj iksdG dkBh

¼ckacwizek.ks½ vlsp ewGP;k ukaxjkps Lo:i gksrs- ukaxjkph gh ewG

dYiuk ikfgyh Eg.kts ukaxj.ks vkf.k ch isj.ks ;k fØ;s’kh eSFkqu fØ;sps

vlysys lk/kE;Z rkRdkG tk.kors- Hkkjrkrhy vfrizkphu dkGps

vkfnoklh ‘ksrhps gsp votkj okijr vlkosr vkf.k R;kaP;kdMwup gs

‘kCn lqlaL—r Hkk”ksr vkys vlkosr- oSfnd ok³~e;kr ‘ksrhfo”k;d

fØ;k eSFkqukP;k ifjHkk”ksr ekaMysY;k vk<Grkr- R;kpizek.ks eSFkqufØ;k

‘ksrhP;k ifjHkk”ksr ekaMysyh vk<Grs-242

ukxtekrhaps ekr`lÙkkd :i] ukxkps {ks=ikydRo] ukxkps larku

nkf;Ro] ukxkps ÅtkZ o rstkps izrhd:i ;karwu ukx ;k dYiukca/kkps

:i ekr`lÙkkd thou O;oLFksdMwu iq#”klÙkkd O;oLFksdMs tkrkuk dls

cnyr xsys ;kpk va/kqd vkys[k vkiY;kyk tk.korks- ekr`lRrkd

dqVqackr izeq[kRo L=hdMs vls- iq#”kkpk laca/k dsoG oa’k

lkrR;kiqjrkp vls- ;k voLFksiwohZ tfeuhps foHkktu gksÅ u;s ;k

Hkwfedsrwu cgh.k&Hkkokauh larrh mRiUu dj.;kph izFkk vlkoh- ;e

;ehP;k dFksrwu R;kpk ladsr vkiY;kyk feGrks- iq#”klRrkd thou

i/nrhrwu L=hiq#”k ukR;kaph fuf’prh >kyh vlkoh- iq#”klRrkd

vk;kZaP;k laidkZrwu FkjokMe/;s Hkkokps egÙo ok<ys vlkos- nf{k.ksr

ekek Hkkphpk fookg vktgh lektekU; vkgs- l[[;k HkkokdMwu oa’k

616

fufeZrh dj.;kyk fuf”k/n ekuwu vkbZP;k] ekrsP;k Hkkok’kh] ekek’kh

fookg d:u oa’klkrR; fVdfo.;kl lekt ekU;rk feGkoh- ;k

izoklkrwu iq#”kkps dqVqackrhy izeq[kRo fLFkj >kys vlkos- ;k lkaL—

frd ifjorZukP;k izoklkr ukx egkjk”Vªkrhy —f”kdU;kapk ca/kw >kyk

vlkok-243

egkjk”Vªkr tksfrck] HkSjo vkf.k joGukFk gÓkk ukx:i nsork

vkgsr- tksfrckyk ^‘ks”kLFk* vkf.k ^iUuxokgu* vlsgh Eg.krkr-

tksfrckph ;ekbZ gh lgpkfj.kh vkgs- r’khp lkarsjh gh [kGukFkkph

lgpkfj.kh vkgs- HkSjokpk lac/k gk tksxs’ojhph tksMyk tkrks-

tksxs’ojh gh t’kh ‘ks”kdU;k vkgs- r’khp rh ‘ks”kiRuhgh vkgs- ;k

nsork larkunk;h nsork vkgsr- MkW-jk-fp-<sjs ;kaP;k ers] ßizFke ekuoh

:ikr iwftys tk.kkjs nso iq<s ekuoh :i cuY;kuarj ewGps R;kps

vekuoh :i okguakph tkxk ?ksrs- ojhy frUgh :is gh ukxkaphp ekuoh

:is ekukoh ykxrkr- l`”VhP;k l`tuke/;s gh :is egÙokph Hkwfedk

ikj ikMrkr- nf{k.ksrhy vusd tkrhtekrhr fookgkizalxh fookfgr

fL=;k ok:Gkph iwtk d:u R;kph ekrh izlkn Eg.kwu ?kjh vk.krkr-

larkuizkIrhph vis{kk dj.kkÚ;k fL=;k ukxkP;k vFkok ukx;qxqykP;k

ewrhaZph iwtk djrkr vkf.k uolQsMhlkBh uO;k ukxewrhZ r;kj d:u

eafnjkP;k vkokjkr vFkok >kMkP;k ik;F;k’kh izfrf”Br djrkr-244

ukx gs i`FohP;k mnjkr fuokl djrkr- R;keqGs R;kaPkk laca/k

lqQyhdj.kk’kh ;srks- eslksiksVksfe;k lqesfj;u vkf.k cWcksfy;u nsork

;k liZnsork Eg.kwu vksG[kY;k tkrkr- xzhde/;s ns[khy HkwxHkZ nsork

fdaok pSrU; nsork Eg.kwu R;kph vksG[k vkgs- fQth;u liZ nsork gh

xqgse/;s jkgrs- tsOgk rh pkyrs] ljiVrs rsOgk Hkwdai gksrks- v’kh

letwr vkgs-245

Hkkjrh; iqjk.kdFkkae/;s ukxkps fp=.k gs d`”.k fo#) ‘osr v’kk

NVkae/;s dsysys vkgs- vkdk’k fo#) i`Foh vls vkgs- gs fp=.k

617

izfrekaP;k Lo:ikr ;srs- LoxZ vkf.k ikrkG ;krhy leUo;kpk nqok

Eg.kwu ukx ;srks- rks e`r O;ähpk vkRek Eg.kwu nksUghdMs lapkj djhr

vlrks- vlk dYiukca/k vkgs- jkseu laLd`rhrhy vDLysfivl gh

nsork vkS”k/k’kkL=kph tud Eg.kwu lacks/kyh tkrs- rh nsork viksyksph

iq= vkgs- frps izrhd Eg.kwu liZ vkgs- vktgh vkS”k/k’kkL=kr rs

izrhd Eg.kwu Lohdkjrkr- dkj.k ukx ok liZ gs vej vkgs- Lor%ps

‘kjhj R;kxwu nqljs ‘kjhj rs /kkj.k djrkr-246

Ekk;k ;k i`Fohnsorspk izfrfu/kh Eg.kwu gk liZ ;srks- liZ gk

;ksuhpk izfrfu/kh Eg.kwu ;srks- esfDldksP;k izkphu ;qxkr lektkauh

likZpk fofo/k izrhdkaP;k Lo:ikr Lohdkj dsyk vkgs- fo’ks”k Eg.kts

Kku] ‘kähps rs izrhd vkgs- R;kp izek.ks dkG vkf.k i`Fohps izfrfu/kh

Eg.kwu ;srks- rs>dkYVhiksdk vkf.k Dosr>kydksVh ;k lektkr liZ gk

i`Foh vkf.k LoxZ ;k nksgksae/;s txrkps foHkktu dj.kkjk vkgs- nqgsjh

rksaaMkpk liZ gk tynsork Eg.kwu ;srks-247

3-26 dey] y{eh o ukx % vuqca/k %

fganw iqjk.kkae/;s ts fofo/k dYiukca/k izl`r >kysys vkgsr- R;kr

dey vkf.k ukx ;kapk vuqca/k xq< o yksdfiz; vkgs- y{eh gh fganw

nsork leqnzeaFkukrwu tUekyk vkysyh vkgs- frus fo”.kw’kh fookg dsyk

v’kh ikSjkf.kd dFkk vkgs- y{eh gh deykfLFkr vkgs- R;keqGs frpk

laca/k deyk’kh o tyk’kh ;srks- ukxkpk laca/kgh tyk’kh vkgs-

O;qRiÙkh ‘kkL=kr ukxkyk es?k vlsgh lacks/kys xsys vkgs- l`”Vhph

fufeZrh gh L=h vkf.k iq#”k ;k ;qXekrwu >kysyh vkgs- gs ;qXe fofo/k

izrhdkarwu izl`r >kysys vkgs- R;krp dey] y{eh] vfnrh] ukx]

o`”kHk] v’o b- pk lekos’k gksrks- l`tukph izfØ;k gh fuR; vlrs-

rh izrhdkRed Lo:ikr nk[ko.ks iqjk.kdkjkauk ØeizkIr okVys-

R;krwup Hkwekrsps izrhd Eg.kwu ok#Gkyk ekU;rk fnyh rj ikS#”kkps

izrhd Eg.kwu ukxkyk ekU;rk fnyh- n- Hkkjrkr ;ksfuewrhaaZph iwtk gh

618

vkfne rÙokaph iwtk Eg.kwu loZekU; Bjyh vkgs- R;krwup xty{eh

gs ewfrZf’kYi lkdkjysys vkgs- y{ehyk iùk] iùtk] iùgLrk v’kh

fofo/k ukos vkgsr- ;kpk vFkZ rh vki laiznk;h] ukj laiznk;h nsork

vkgs- frP;k nksUgh cktwl nksu gÙkh vkgsr- gs es?kkaps izfrfu/kh vkgsr-

gÙkhaukp ukxgh Eg.krkr- gs gÙkh ,sjkor dqyksRié vkgsr- bjk&ik.kh

;k ‘kCnkiklwu ,sjkor gs dqy tUekyk vkys vlkos- Eg.ktsp y{eh

gh Hkweh rj ukx gs ty ;k ;qXekrwup l`tukpk vkfo”dkj lkdkj gksr

vlrks-248 vfnrh Eg.kts ^ve`rL; ukfHk% vkgs- vfnrh% uks tkfu=e~*

;k mYys[kkizek.ks fo’okrhy izkf.kek=kaps tUeLFkku l`tu dsanz Eg.ktsp

vfnrh gks;- tykrwu mRié gks.kkjh nsoh vkfnekrk o frpk lkaxkrh

liZ ¼ty L=o.kkjk½ v’kk nSoriwtdkapk gk vki laiznk; vkgs- vfnrh

gh ty Lo:ih vlY;kps loZekU; vkgs- fyaxiqjk.kkr ;ksuh ‘kCnkpk

mgkiksg dsyk vlwu ^;ksuh* Eg.kts chtkps ikyu dj.;kps LFkku vls

lkafxrys vkgs- gh xks”V loZekU; v’kh vkgs- rsFks nso;ksuhiklwu

fi’kkp ;ksuhi;ZarP;k loZ ;ksuhauk i’kq;ksuh EgVys vkgs- ;ko:u ;ksuh

Eg.kts iztksRiÙkhph Hkweh] LFkku] L=h vlk vFkZ fuf’pr gksrks-249

;ksuhpk laca/kp fo’odeyk’kh o dqaHkk’kh tksM.;kr vkysyk vkgs-

MkW- Mh-Mh- dkslach ;kauh ;klkBh vk.k[kh dkgh iqjkos fnysys vkgsr-

ßvadksjoV ;sFkhy f’kYikr dEcksfM;u vIljk] urZD;k ,dk gkrkr

deyiq”i vkf.k nqlÚ;k gkrkr deGkph ch vlysys QG ?ksÅu mH;k

vlY;kps nk[kfoys vkgs- R;kiSdh ifgys iq”djkps fpUg vlwu nqljs

fpUg m?kMi.ks lqQyrkn’kZd vkgs- gh ijaijk fdrh izkphu vkgs-

R;kph dYiuk I;qdsyk vksfVlP;k Hkkjrh; xzhd uk.;kao:u ;sbZy- ;k

uk.;koj iq”djkorh uxjhph deykapk eqxqV vlysyh vfo% ekr`nsork

;k ukokph nsork vxnh ;kp i)rhus nk[kfoyh vkgs- ‘kriFk czkã.k

7-4-1-11 ;sFks deykps iku ¼iq”dji.kZ½ Eg.kts ;ksuh gks; vls

lkafxrys vkgs vkf.k 13 O;k ‘yksdkr iq”dj Eg.ktsp deGkps iku

619

vls EgVys vkgs- Hkjiwj ik.kh vlysY;k izns’kkrgh iq”dj gk izR;sd

fganw nsoGkapk ,d vko’;d vlk Hkkx vlrks- eslksiksVsfe;krhy lw{e

[kksndkekr bvk fdaok R;kpk lsod ;kaP;k gkrkrhy dqaHkkrwu nksu u|k

okgrkauk nk[kfoY;k vkgsr- okgrk dqaHk gk lqQyrspk fun’kZd vkgs-

b’rjP;k ejh iqrGÓkkr frus gkrh dqaHk /kjysyk vkgs vkf.k fczfV’k

E;qf>;ee/khy 89762 ;k eqnzsr frP;k [kka|kiklwu fu?k.kkÚ;k nksu

u|k nk[kfoY;k vkgsr- R;ko:u fir`nsokauh frps mPpkVu dj.;kiwohZ

dqaHk gs frps [kkl lqQyrkn’kZd fpUg Eg.ktsp xHkkZ’k;kps fun’kZd

vlkos vlk vankt dj.ks ;ksX;p Bjsy- fo/kqj&iafMr tkrdkr

lq;’kklkBh ik.;kus HkjysY;k dqaHkkyk usgeh HkfäHkkokus nksUgh gkr

tksMwu ueLdkj dsyk ikfgts vlk ,d viwoZ fu;e fnysyk vkgs-250

gk dqaHk Eg.ktsp vfnrh ok y{eh vkgs- Hkweh vkf.k L=h ;k nks?khgh

vkiY;k ys[kh ,d:i vkgsr( y{eh vkgsr( R;kaph izfrek L=h:ikr

iwtrks vkf.k R;kaps izrhd dey:ikr A Eg.kts Hkweh] L=h vu~ dey

gh ,dkRe vkgsr- i`Fohyk ^pjkpjL; yksdL; ;ksfu%* EgVys vkgs-

vFkkZrp i`Foh gh dey:ikr ¼iq”djkdkj½ ekuyh xsyh vlY;keqGs

dey gs gh ^pjkpjkph ;ksuh* ¼fo’okps mRifÙkLFkku½ Bjys vkgs- fganw

ok³~e;kr :< vlysY;k ;ksfudey ;k izrhd laKsps jgL; deykP;k

;k i`Foh:irsr vkgs- R;kP;k fo’oltZd lkeF;kZr vkgs] gs Li”Vi.ks

y{kkr ;sbZy- dey gs tGkrwu tUeysys iq”i vkgs- R;keqGs R;kyk

tyt] okfjt] vCt b- tylac) ukos ykHkysyh vkgsr- fdacgquk

oSfnd izrhdfo|sr tG vkf.k deG ;kauk ,d:igh ekuysys vkgs-

tG gs l`”Vhps vkfndkj.k vkgs vkf.k tGdeGkP;k ,dRokeqGs

deG gs ldG ltZukps ekgsj vkgs] vls oSfndkauh o iqjk.kdkjkauh

lkafxrysys vkgs-251 Jh lwäkr y{ehpk deGk’kh laca/k vlysyh

vusd ukos ;srkr- iùlaHkok] iùky;k] iùfiz;k] iùgLrk] iùksl]

iùkuuk] iùnyk;rk{kh] ifùuh v’kh i;kZ;h ukos vkgsr- Jh lwäkr

620

y{ehyk vknzkZ vls nksu osGk EgVysys vkgs vkf.k ^vki% l`tarq

fLuX/kkfu* v’kh frph izkFkZuk dsysyh vkgs-252

dqaHkkP;k izrhdkrwup dey;a=kpk tUe >kysyk vkgs- fL=;kauk

v[kaM lkSHkkX;kph izkIrh] oa/;syk xHkZ/kkj.kk o e`roRlsyk iq=ykHk ;k

mís’kkalkBh dey uked ;a= /kkj.k djkos] vls lkafxrys vkgs-

HkwtZi=koj xksjkspu o ds’kj ;kaP;k feJ.kkus gs ;a= fyfgrkr o R;kph

rhu fnol iwtk djrkr- ,dk nkaiR;kyk Hkkstu ?kkyrkr- uarj R;k

;a=kyk rarwus os”Vwu f=yksgkP;k ¼lksus] :is o rkacs½ ,d iksdG e.;kr

rs Hkjrkr o rks e.kh gkjkr xqaQwu xGÓkkr /kkj.k djrkr-253

nsohizlkn pVksik/;k; ;kauh ^yksdk;r* ;k xzaFkkr v’kkp

izdkjP;k loZrksHknz eaMykpk mYys[k dsyk vkgs- R;k eaMykfo”k;h

foospu djrkauk rs fyfgrkr]^The flattened square-shaped clay, on

which the vessel is placed, has a diagram drawn on it, called the

sarvatobhadra mandalm. It is one of those well known diagram of

Tantrism, known as the yantras. Its centre is occupied by the

picture of a lotus with eight petals astadala padma. As we have

already observed, in Tantrism this padma or lotus is invariably a

symbolic representation of the female genital organ. We may now

easily see the significance of the purna ghata being placed on the

servatobhadra mandalam. Plants and fruits are brought into contact

621

with the female reproductive organ. The same idea is repeated in

the purna ghata itself….’254

ra= laiznk;ke/;s ns[khy dqaHkkpk laaca/k deyiq”ik’kh tksMysyk

vkgs- L=hP;k l`tudsanzk’kh tksMysyk vkgs- vki laiznk; o rkaf=dkapk

laiznk; ;ke/;s vkfnerÙokaP;k lanHkkZr dkgh lkE; vlY;kps ;ko:u

tk.kors- ;ke/;s fuf’prp dkghrjh ;kRokRed] ;krqe; laca/k

vlkok- tks tUe] e`R;w o iqutZUe ;k vkfne lR;kyk tksMrks-

l`”VhP;k izkjaHkh tsOgk ltZukph psruk tkx`r >kyh- R;kosGh

R;k izy;dkyhu tykoj ,d deG meywu oj vkys- rs lw;kZlkj[ks

izdk’keku gksrs- R;kph ukG fo”.kwP;k ukHkhrwu mRié >kyh vkf.k

R;kP;k fodflr voLFskrwu prqeqZ[k czã~;kpk tUe >kyk- Hkweh

iq”iorh >kyh- ;k ladsrkpk vk/kkj Eg.kts gs dey gks;- deykP;k

fBdk.kh ekr`Ro fdaok tuu’kähps vejRo vkgs- fo”.kwP;k vk;q/kkr

dey vo’;eso vlrs- lw;kZP;k ewfrZdj.kkrgh dey vifjgk;Z Bjys

vkgs- xkSre cq) gk deyklu vkgs] vls vusd nso fodflr iùkoj

clysys nk[korkr- lkaph vkf.k Hkjgwr gh Qkj izkphu dyk dsanzs

vkgsr- lkaphP;k }kjkaoj vkf.k Nrkaoj iùfiz;k nsoh vafdr vkgs-

Hkjgwr ;sFkhy 15 os f’kYi xty{ehps vkgs- frFks y{ehps dksey

pj.k deykoj folkoys vkgsr- mHk;Hkkxh nksu gÙkh deykaojp mHks

vkgsr- ckS) ewfrZdysr ftFks ftFks nsoh vk<Grs] frFks frFks rh

deyokfluh vlrs- ckS)kapk iùik.kh ukokpk ,d izeq[k cksf/klÙo

622

vkgs- rks vftaBÓkkP;k fp=dkjhr vk<Grks- dey ghp R;kyk

vksG[k.;kph [kw.k vkgs- voyksfdrs’ojkph ihfBdkgh deGkphp

vlrs- izKkikjferk gh ckS)kaph ewy’käh vlwu frph ihfBdkgh

deykphp vkgs- ‘ks”k’kk;h fo”.kwP;k ik;kauk vk/kkj vkMO;k

deGkpkp vlrks- vtaBÓkkP;k lkÚ;k fp=dysP;k ekxs ,d deGou

Mksyr vlY;kpk Hkkl gksrks- vls okVrs dh bFkY;k loZ fp=kd`rh

fdaok ewrhZ t.kw ^uodatykspu dateq[kdj] datindatk:.ke~a* dey

dksey vkgsr-255 os:G ;sFkhy dSykl ys.;kr izos’k djrkp

xty{ehph ,d HkO; vkf.k euksgj f’kYikd`rh n`”Vhl iMrs- R;k

f’kYikr y{ehP;k deykluk[kkyh vk/kkjHkwr vls nksu ukx vkgsr-256

vgenuxj ftYgÓkkr isMxko¼rk- JhxkSj½ ;sFks ,d gsekMiaFkh cka/k.khps

e/;;qxhu HkSjo eafnj vkgs- {ks=ikGkP;k ;k eafnjkr ,dk LraHkkoj gh

nsoh dksjysyh vlwu] frP;k ;ksuhrwu fu?kkysys fdaok ;ksuhr izfo”V

>kysys nksu ukx nqlÚ;k cktwauh frus nksUgh gkrkr /kjysys vkgsr- gh

nsoh lkax ¼f’kjks;qä½ vkgs- liZ fdaok ukx gk iq#”krÙokpk izfrfu/kh

vkgs- vkfniq#”k vkgs- gs xty{eh f’kYikr o”kZ.k’khy nksu xtkaps ts

LFkku vkgs- rsp ;k f’kYikr ;ksfuizfo”V nksu ukxkaps vkgs- nksu xt]

nksu ukx ;karhy nksu la[;spk ladsr iq#”kkaP;k vusdrs’kh lca) vkgs-

izd`rh ,d vkgs- iq#”k vusd vkgsr- {ks=ikGkP;k vFkok {ks=irhP;k

eafnjkr {ks=kps f’kYi gs {ks=ifrla;qä vlkos- gs ewG J)kladsrkyk

/k:up vkgs-257

yqfjLrku ¼if’pe bjk.k½ ;sFkhy mR[kuukr ,d orqZGkdkj

mBkokps f’kYi miyC/k >kys vkgs- rs f’kYi b-l-iw- 1200 rs 1000

;k dkGkrys vkgs- ;k f’kYikr gfLreq[kh nso gk r#.k ;ks/nÓkkP;k

:ikr vafdr dsysyk vlwu R;kP;k ,dk gkrkr nq/kkjh [kMx~ vkf.k

nqlÚ;k gkrkr ukx vkgs- ‘ks”kukx R;kP;k ik;k’kh nk[kfoysyk vkgs-

MkW- jk-fpa-<sjs ;kaP;k ers] ße/kkse/k ts dsoG eLrd nk[kfoys vkgs- rs

623

iq#”kkps ulwu L=hps vkgs- ;k L=heq[kkP;k nksUgh cktwauk nksu xteq[kh

iq#”k mHks vkgsr- R;kaP;k mtO;k MkO;k gkrkr nq/kkjh ryokj ulwu

vusd’kk[kh i.kZ vFkok uO;k /kkU;kph rqjeh vkgs- vkiyk gk

Mkok&mtok gkr R;k xteq[kh iq#”kkauh mapkowu L=heq[kkP;k ojP;k

Hkkxh /kjysyk vkgs- ;k mapkoysY;k nksUgh gkrkaP;k e/kY;k Hkkxkr

L=heLrdkaP;k oj] ,dk[kkyh ,d v’kh nksu deGs vkgsr- xteq[kh

iq#”kkP;k mtO;k&MkO;k gkrkr ‘ksiVhdMwu liZ /kjysys vkgsr vkf.k

R;k likZP;k eLrdkdMhy Hkkx nsohP;k ¼dfYir½ v/kksHkkxkdMs

clysyk vkgs- vLi”V v’kh nksu ikoys fnlr vkgsr- gs xty{eh

oxkZrys f’kYi vkgs-Þ iq<s foospu djrkauk rs fyfgrkr] ßiSdh ukx

vkf.k xt nks?ks ,d:i vkgsr- nks?ksgh iq#”krÙokps Eg.kts |kSps

izfrfu/kh vkgsr- fdacgquk ukx gh laKk x.kokpdgh vkgs- ,o<s ukx

vkf.k xt ;kaps le/kfeZRo vkgs- xteq[kh iq#”kkaP;k gkrkrhy /kkU;kph

rqjeh gh m?kM m?kM l`”Vh vkf.k le`)h ;kaps |ksrd vkgs- rh

y{ehP;k izd`rh’kh iw.kZr% laoknh vkgs- xt dk; fdaok xteq[kh iq#”k

dk;] R;kaP;k nksu ;k la[;srwu iq#”krÙokps vusdRo lwfpr gksr

vkgs-Þ258

fo”.kw vkf.k y{eh ;kaP;ke/;s tlk vykSfdd dYiukca/k vkgs-

rlkp f’ko&ikoZrh¼mek½ ;kaP;ke/;sgh gkp dYiukca/k ekU;rkizkIr

>kysyk vkgs- ‘The Abstract in osian Iconography’ ;k ys[kkr Mh-

Mh- dkSf’kd ;kauh iqjkrRoh; iqjkO;kP;k vk/kkjs rks Li”V dsyk vkgs-

ßOsian is a little villege 65 k.m. north-east of Jodhpur, in

Rajasthan. It has probably the largest group of eighth to twelth

century Pratihara temples at a single place in India. In these

temples one finds editices which cannot be deciferred without

entering the realm of abstract representation ‘The aspect of Love to

be depicted by the Uma-Mahesalingana has been very powerfully

624

highlighted symbolically by a snake coiling round the lotus flower

held by parvati.”259 ;ko:u vls fnlwu ;srs dh deynykHkksorh

os”Vhr vlysyk liZ gk izd`rh o iq#”kkps feyu n’kZforks-

fo”.kww&y{eh fdaok f’ko&ikoZrh gs Hkweh o ukx ;kaP;k feyukps

ekuho:i vkgsr- tyrÙo gsp l`”Vhps l`turÙo vkgs- dey o ukx

gs nksUgh ;k rÙokps vkfne i’kw vkf.k o`{k ¼Qwy½ gh :is vkgsr

vkf.k nsod Eg.kwu rh iwtyh tkrkr-

3-27 cyjke% vkfn’ks”kkpk vorkj %

iqjk.k ok³~e;ke/;s vusd ukxnsork gÓkk cgqeq[kh n’kZfoysY;k

vkgsr- R;kr vkfn’ks”kkpkgh lekos’k vkgs- vkfn’ks”kkykp vuar ;k

ukxkus vksG[kys tkrs- HkxorxhrsP;k n’ke v/;;kr Jh—“.k Lor%yk

^vuark fLe ukxkuke~* vls lacks/krks- ;ko:u vuarkph oSf’k”VÓks lgt

tk.korkr- l`”VhP;k dYikarkuarjgh tks ‘ks”k ¼f’kYyd½ jkgrks] R;kl

vuar vls EgVys tkrs-260 ‘ks”kkyk /kj.kh/kj vlsgh Eg.krkr-

egkHkkjrkP;k ^vuq’kkluiokZ*r lkr /kj.kh/kj lkafxrysys vkgsr- /keZ]

dky] dke] olw] oklqdh] vuar o dfiy vls rs gksr-261 ;kr

‘ks”kkpk vuar Eg.kwu lekos’k dsysyk vkgs- egkHkkjrkr cyjke gk

‘ks”kkpk vorkj nk[kfoysyk vkgs- Jh—“.kkpk lko= o lqHknzspk lgksnj

T;s”B ca/kw Eg.kwu rks ;srks- ikapjk= erkr lad”kZ.k ;k ukokus

HkxoarkP;k prqO;wZgkr R;kph x.kuk dsysyh vlwu] R;kyk thokps

izrhd ekuys vkgs- ;kph cynso] cyHknz] gyk;q/k] lad”kZ.k b- vU;

ukos vkgsr-262 pkj Hkxon~:ikapk O;wg Eg.kts prqO;wZg gks;- oklqnso]

lad”kZ.k] vfu:) o iz|qEu vls Hkxoarkps pkj O;wg egklu

dqekjlafgrsr lkafxrys vkgsr- oklqnso Eg.kts Jh—“.k- R;kP;k eukrwu

‘kqDyo.kZ ‘kkarhlg lad”kZ.kkph mRiÙkh >kyh- lad”kZ.k Eg.kts thokRek-

iapHkwrkaP;k la?kkrkiklwu ts ‘kjhj curs R;k ‘kjhjkyk pkyuk ns.kkjk

tho lad”kZ.k ;k ukokus vksG[kyk tkrks- lad”kZ.k O;f”V:i thokapk

625

lk{kh o R;kauk iz—rhiklwu i`Fkd dj.kkjk vkgs-263 ejkBh

O;qRifÙkdks’kkr ‘ks”kkyk ukxkaph nsork ok jktk letys xsys vkgs-264

‘ks”kkyk uoukxkae/;s egÙokps LFkku vkgs- va’k:ikus rks Jhfo”.kwps

‘k;ugh gksrks- Hkxoarkps ‘ks”k’kk;h:i ;kP;keqGsp fuekZ.k >kys vkgs-

R;kyk lgL= eLrds vkgsr- R;keqGsp rks i`Fohpk Hkkj okg.;kl leFkZ

gksrks- ;kP;k xGÓkkr ‘kqHkz jRuekyk vlwu gkrkr ukaxjkpk QkG o

dks;rk vkgs- xaxsus ;kph Hkäh d:u R;kP;kdMwu T;ksfr”k o [kxksy

;k ‘kkL=kaps Kku feGoys- bPNsyk ;sbZy R;kizek.ks :i /kkj.k

dj.;kph fo|k ;kyk BkÅd gksrh- R;keqGsp R;kps vusd vorkj

fdaok dyk fuekZ.k >kY;k- olqnso uotkr —“.kkyk ?ksÅu xksdqGkr

fu?kkyk vlrk /kks /kks ikÅl iMw ykxyk- R;k ikolkiklwu —“.kkps

j{k.k dj.;klkBh ;kus vkiys Q.kkN= R;kP;koj /kjys- jkeca/kw

y{e.k] —“.kca/kw cyjke o egkHkk”;dkj iratyh gs ‘ks”kkps vorkj

letys tkrkr- ‘ks”k gk dkykps izrhd ekuyk tkrks- rks vla[;

:ikauh l`”VhP;k ladksp&fodklkr lgHkkxh gksrks- loZ txkyk ‘ks”k:ih

dkykus yisVys vkgs- dky vkf.k fnd~ ;k nksgksaP;k [kspk[ksphr

l`”VhP;k mRiÙkh&fLFkrh&y;kph izfØ;k pkyrs- tsOgk loZ l`”Vhpk

fouk’k gksrks rsOgk dky ‘ks”k mjrks- Eg.kwu dky o ‘ks”k gs nks?ks ,dkp

rÙokps i;kZ; Bjrkr- izy;dkyh ‘ks”k fo”k;qDr vfXurÙokyk ckgsj

Qsdrks v’kh dYiuk vkgs-265

fo”.kq/keksZÙkjiqjk.kkr prqHkZqt] vusd Q.;k] e/kY;k Q.ksoj

i`Fohnsorsph ewrhZ] mtO;k nksu gkrkr deG o eqlG] MkO;k nksu

gkrh QkG o ‘ka[k vls R;kps o.kZu vkysys vkgs- izkphu f’kYi—rhr

ukxjkt cgq/kk v/kZliZ o v/kZekuo ;k Lo:ikr fnlrks- i.k rksp

tsOgk fo”.kwps vklu vFkok ‘k;u vlrks rsOgk rks laiw.kZi.ks liZ:ikr

nk[kforkr- frFksp lqjklkxj o rkyo`{kgh fpf=r djrkr-266

626

gfjoa’kkP;k fo”.kqiokZr cynsokps ekgkRE; o.kZu dsysys vkgs-

R;kr cyjke gk vR;ar rstLoh o nqtZ; egkRek gksrk- vkfnnso]

tus’oj] ukx o vuar b- ukokauh R;kl vksG[krkr- iqjk.kkarjh

ukxjkt] /kj.kh/kj] ‘ks”k] rstksfu/kh] Jheku] vda”;] iq#”kksÙke]

;ksxkpk;Z] egkoh;Z] nsora=eq[k] cyh b- vusd ‘kCnkauh mYys[k vkgs-

rks n’klgL= ukxcyh vlk gksrk- R;kus gyk;q/kkus leqnzkdMs okgr

pkyysY;k vkf.k ‘kh?kzxrhus meV.kkÚ;k tyrjaxkP;k ekysus ;qä

vlysY;k ;eHkfxuh o egkunh ;equspk vks?k fQjowu fryk eFkqjsdMs

ogko;kl Hkkx ikMys-267 ;ksx’kkL=kps iz.ksr`Ro ‘ks”k ukxjktkdMs vkgs-

ikraty lw=kaojhy Hkk”;kps vkjaHkh Hkxoku Hkk”;dkj O;klequh ;kauh

iq<hyizek.ks eaxykpj.k dsys vkgs&

ßFkLR;DRok:iek|a izHkofrtxrks·us d/kk·uqxzgk;A

iz{kh.kDys’kkjkf’kfoZ”kekfo”k/kjks·usdoD=% lqHkksxhA loZ

KkuizlwfrHkZqtifjdj% izhr;s ;L; fuR;A nsoks·gh’k%

Loks·O;kfRlrfoeyruq ;ksxanks;ksx;qä AA1AAÞ 268

;k eaxypj.kkrwu ‘ks”k gk ;ksxrÙokpk iqjLdrkZ fnlwu ;srks-

gfjoa’kkP;k fo”.kqiokZr —“.kkus cyjkekps o.kZu dsysys vkgs- ^vkiY;k

iklwu mRié gksÅu ijkØe dj.kkÚ;k iqjkru nsokaph] czãnsokph o

tykph vk|l`”Vh d’kh >kyh ;kph vkBo.k dj- vkdk’k gs rq>s

eLrd vkgs- ty gh rq>h ewrhZ vkgs- i`Foh gh rqÖ;k {kersP;k

fBdk.kh vkgs- rqyk vuar vls Eg.krkr- ‘ks”k :ikus rq>k vk/kkj vkgs

Eg.kwup gs ‘kk’or txr pkyys vkgs o loZ izk.;kaps mRifÙkLFkku

v’kh gh vpyi`Foh ;k vf[ky fo’okyk lkaHkkGwu /kjhr vkgs-*269

vls o.kZu ;srs-

jkek;.kkrhy banzftr gk ‘ks”k ukxkpk tkobZ Eg.kwu ikjaifjd

dFkk vkgs vkf.k y{e.k gk ‘ks”kkpk vorkj Eg.kwu [;krh vkgs- fo”.kw

gkp ‘ks”k’kk;h % vkfn’ks”k % vuar ukx EgVY;koj cynso o y{e.k

627

gh ‘ks”k ukxp vl.kkj( i.k izR;{k —“.k fdaok jkekyk ukx dj.;kps

;kstukiwoZd VkGysys fnlrs- cynsokP;k izfrekladsrkrhy ukaxj gk

¼ukx&ukx] ykaxy&yaxk&fyax½ lwpd ladsr gks;- f’kok; ;kpk rky

¼rkM½ /ot gksrk- ‘ks”k%ukx Eg.kfo.kkÚ;k y{e.kkP;k izfrek fuekZ.kkr

gh lkadsfrd mdy ukgh- rjh v/;kRe jkek;.kkizek.ks ;k y{e.kkus

leqnz ‘kks”kwu VkdY;kps o.kZu ;srsp! gk leqnz’kks”kd nso Eg.kts okMo

vXuh] liZp gks;! y{e.kkdMwu banzftr ¼Eg.kts ‘ks”kkpk tkobZ½ ekjyk

tkrks! y{e.k gkp ‘ks”k vlY;kus tko;kyk ekjY;kP;k ikikps fujlu

gks.;kdjrk] y{e.k fgeky;kr rikpj.k djrks! R;k lqizfl) LFkkukph

Le`rh] vkt y{e.k&>qyk ;k LFkwyukekus rxfoyh vkgs! banzftr

‘ks”kkpk tkobZ banzkyk ftadrks- ;k ik=fufeZrhekxhy [kksp] foMacu

y{kkr ;s.;kl _Xosnkrhy vfgftr o vfg:ih o`=kpk uk’k dj.kkjk

¼o`=gu½ Eg.kwu [;krh vl.kkÚ;k banz nSorkph Le`rh pkGo.ks t:j

vkgs vkf.k gh fnO;dFkk ¼myth½ fuekZ.k dj.kkjk dks.k\ rj ok:Gkrwu

vkysyk v’kk vFkkZpk ukeladsr /kkj.k dj.kkjk egkdoh okYehdh!270

cyjkekpk ‘ksoV lkaxrkuk iqjk.kdkjkauh cyjke gk izk;ksios’ku

d:u ukxx.kkr foyhu >kyk vls lkafxrys vkgs-271 izHkklh {ks=h

;knokauh ijLijkapk lagkj dsY;kuarj cyjke leqnzrhjkoj fpÙk ,dkxz

d:u clyk vkf.k ;ksxcykus R;kus vkiyk nsg Bsoyk- R;k izlaxh

cyjkekP;k eq[kkrwu ,d ukx ckgsj iMwu leqnzkr f’kjyk v’kh dFkk

vkgs-272

Hkkjrh; f’kYidysr lad”kZ.kkP;k ewrhZ fofo/k Lo:ikr tiysY;k

vkgsr- dk’ehjkr e/;;qxkrhy prqO;wZg fdaok fo”.kwP;k prqeqZ[k ewrhZ

vk<Grkr- R;kps ,d eq[k ekuoh eq[k] ,d flagkps eq[k] frljs

ojkgeq[k vlrs- pkSFks eq[k ekxs vlY;keqGs fnlr ukgh( i.k rs

nSR;eq[k vlkos- fo”.kq/keksZaÙkj iqjk.kkr v’kk prqeqZ[k ewrhZyk oSdqaB

EgVys vkgs- R;k ewrhZps flageq[k lad”kZ.kkps vlwu rs Kkun’kZd ekuys

628

tkrs- eFkqjstoG lkiMysyh ewrhZ luiwoZ ifgY;k fdaok nqlÚ;k

‘krdkrhy vlkoh- rhr cyjke ¼lad”kZ.k½ ukxQ.khP;k N=k[kkyh

mHkk vlwu R;kP;k gkrkr gy o eqly gh vk;q/ks vkgsr- R;kus

vk[kwM /kksrj uslys vlwu] MksD;kyk eksBs ikxksVs cka/kysys vkgs-273

dkgh ewrhZ f}Hkqt vlwu ukxQ.kkauh vya—r vkgsr- f}Hkqt ewrhZr

R;kpk mtok gkr vHk;eqnzsr vlrks o cgq/kk R;kP;kekxs liZ vlrks-

bFks R;kpk likZ’kh laca/k Li”V gksrks- dq’kk.kdkGkP;k e/;koj O;wgewrhZ

o vorkjewrhZ gk Hksn toGtoG u”V >kyk vkf.k ukxQ.khlg

gy&eqlG;qä v’kk R;kP;k ewrhZ cuw ykxY;k- ukaxjkyk flageLrd

tksMys xsys o dqaMys gh flagf’k”kkZ—rh >kyh- rks d/kh usehukFk

rhFkZaadjkcjkscj Dofpr jsorh Hkk;sZlg fnlw ykxyk-274

lad"kZ.k cyjkekpk ukxk’kh laca/k vlyk rjh cyjkekP;k

dq”kk.kdkyhu ewrhZe/;s cyjkekP;k gkrkr flagkfdr ukaxj

¼flag&ykaxy½ vls- ojkg ukaxj:ih ekuyk tkbZ- ek= cyjkekP;k

gkrkrhy flag&ykaxykpk mYys[k egkHkkjrkrgh vk<Grks- ,dk dq”kk.k

f’kYike/;s cyjkekP;k ,dwyR;k ,d dq.Myke/;s flagkph vk—rh

[kqchus okijyh vkgs- iq<hy dkGkr feG.kkÚ;k oSdqaBewrhZe/;s lad”kZ.k

cyjkekps izfrfuf/kRo flageq[kkusp >kysys vkgs- cyjke gk ;knokaP;k

o`“.kh dqGkr tUeyk gksrk- o`“.kh jktUFkx.kkP;k ,dk uk.;koj ,d

[kkac n’kZfoyk vkgs- R;kP;k ojP;k Vksdkoj flag o gÙkh ;kaph fefJr

vk—rh fnlrs- o`“.kh jktUFk x.kkP;k] flag jkt/otkojhy flag/ot

cyjkekpk rj xt/ot —“.kkpk vkgs gs m?kM vkgs- —“kh laL—rhps

ukaxj gs izrhd ;sÅup cyjke fgaMr vls- cyjkekpk flagvaxy

flagdqyfpUg/kkjh yksd gs —“kd gksrs] gsp Li”V djrks-

flagdqyfpUg/kkjh jk”VªdqVjkts ;{k laL—rhps okjlnkj gksrs- ujflagkpk

ukxlaL—rh’kh o xtlaL—rh’kh ?kfu”B laca/k vkgs- x.kirh gk ns[khy

xteq[kh ;{k vkgs- rj ujflag gk flageq[kh ;{k vkgs- ujflag gk

629

mxzohj vkgs- ujflag gk ,d Hkwr&ukx&;{k laL—rhpkp egÙokpk

/kkxk gks;-275

ojhy foospuko:u cyjke gk ukxkpkp vorkj ekukok

ykxrks-

3-28 Ldan vkf.k ukx %

Ldan gk f’koiq= vkgs- dqekj] lqczã.;e~] dkfrZds;] Ldan]

eq:xu] “kMkuu v’kk fofo/k ukokauh rks osxosxGÓkk Hkwizns’kkr ifjfpr

vkgs- Ldankpk laca/k ukxk’kh tksM.;kr vkysyk vkgs- Ldaniwtk o

ukxiwtk ;kaph laxrhgh [kwi izkphu vkgs- Ldankpk tUe T;k ioZrkoj

>kyk R;k ioZrkps j{kd ukx gksrs- R;kyk tsOgk vfHk”ksd >kyk rsOgk

ukxjkt oklqdhus R;kyk t; o egkt; ukokps nksu ukx HksV Eg.kwu

fnys- ukxekrk dnzw gh Ldankph ,d izfl) ckyxzgh gksrh- nf{k.ksdMs

Ldaniwtk gh ukx:ikrp dsyh tkrs-276 egkHkkjrkrhy ‘kY;iokZP;k

xnk;q)iokZr LdankfHk”ksd vkysyk vkgs- LdankfHk”ksdkr ukxjkt

oklqdh] v#.k] x#M] o`{k] vkf.k Hkxoku ;e/keZ gs loZt.k ,d=

gksÅu rsFks vkys gksrs o dky] ;e] e`R;w o ;ekps vuqpjgh rsFks gtj

gksrs- jktk gs o cgqRokeqGs u lkafxrysys nqljs ukukizdkjps nsorkx.k

vkivkiY;k fBdk.kkgwu dqekjkP;k vfHk”ksdklkBh teys- iéxs’oj

oklqdhus t; o egkt; ;k nks?kk ukxkl LdankP;k lsosr gtj

jkg.;kl vkKk dsyh- rkjdkpk o/k dj.;klkBh Ldankyk o#.kkus ,d

cyoh;Z lefUor ukx viZ.k dsyk] v’kh o.kZus ;srkr-277

MkW- jk- fapa- <sjs ;kaP;k ^yksdnSorkaps fo’o* vkf.k ^yTtkxkSjh*

;k nksUgh xzaFkke/;s Ldan vkf.k ukx ;kpk vuqca/k yko.;kpk iz;Ru

dsysyk vkgs- ßLdan gk nf{k.ksryk lkokZf/kd yksdfiz; nso Eg.kwu

ukx:ikr okojrks- ukx:ikr Hkäkauk n’kZu nsrks v’kh lkoZf=d letwr

vkgs- fdacgquk ok:G :ikrgh R;kph iwtk gksrs- dqekj{ks= ;kfBdk.kh

eq[; LFkkukf’kok; vkfnlqczge.; Eg.kwu ,d LFkku vkgs- rsFks eafnjkr

630

ok:G vlwu R;kphp iwtk djrkr- nsokps eafnj Qkj eksBs vkgs- eq[;

xkHkkÚ;kr lqczge.; nsokps n’kZu yksdkauh ?ks.;kfo”k;h ,d e;kZnkLFkku

dfYiys vkgs- rsFkwu ikfgys Eg.kts Qä lksU;kus e<foysY;k nsOgkÚ;kr

,d lksU;kpk ukx o e;wjkoj clysyh lgk eq[kkph v’kh

lqczge.;kph ewrhZ fnlrs] ;k[ksjht dkghp fnlr ukgh-Þ278

lqczã.; ;k ukokph fu#Drh lq czã.; v’kh QksM d:u fnyh

tkrs- ek;sP;k vrhr vlysys ek;kiVy nwj dj.kkjs ‘kq) rstks:i czã

Eg.kts lqczã.; gks;- vlk lqczã.;kP;k mikldkapk fo’okl vkgs-

miklusP;k leqér :ikr gkp fo’okl n`<ko.;kph vko’;drk

vlrs- R;klkBh R;kP;k ewG :ikrhy vkf.k R;kP;k miklusP;k

izkFkfed voLFksrhy LFkwy /kksj.kkapk folj gsrqr% ikMkok ykxrks-279

lqczã.;kP;k eafnjkr vkf.k eafnjkP;k ifjljkr ukxkauk

vlysY;k izk/kkU;kps Li”Vhdj.k ns.kkjh ,d dFkk izpfyr vkgs- ßQkj

Qkj iwohZ oklqdhps o x#Mkps ?ku?kksj ;q) >kys- R;k ;q)kr eeZLFkkuh

vk?kkr gksÅu oklqdh ukx ?kk;kG gksÅu vkiY;kyk dks.khrjh

okpokos Eg.kwu vkØks’k d: ykxyk- rks vkØks’k ,sdwu ukjnequh rsFks

vkys- R;kauh x#Mkph letwr ?kkryh- HkkokHkkokr vlk la?k”kZ gks.ks

mfpr uOgs] vls R;kauh x#Mkl lkafxrys- x#Mkus R;k{k.kh ukjnequhps

Eg.k.ks tjh ,sdys] rjh R;kus tkrk tkrk oklqdhyk v’kh /kedh

fnyh dh] vkrk tjh rqyk eh lksMys vlys rjh iqu% d/kh eh rq>k

o/k djhu- /kkLrkoysY;k oklqdhus ukjnkaph iqu% izkFkZuk dsyh dh] eyk

vkrk lqjf{kr tkxk lkaxk- ukjnkauh R;kyk dqekjknzh toGP;k xqgsr

tkÅu f’kokyk izlé dj.;kl lkafxrys- oklqdhus R;k xqgsr tkÅu

ri dsys vkf.k f’kokyk izlUu dsys- oklqdhus R;kP;ktoG vki.kkl

x#Mkiklwu vHk; ekfxrys- f’kokus oklqdhyk vls lkafxrys]

^rkjdko/kkuarj dkfrZds; ;k fBdk.kh foJkarh ?ksbZy- R;kosGh rw R;kyk

‘kj.k tk] Eg.kts rks rq>s lnSo j{k.k djhy-* R;kuarj dkfrZds;

631

rkjdklqjkpk o/k d:u tsOgk dqekjioZrkoj vkyk] rsOgk oklqdhus

R;kyk loZ o`Ùkkar lkaxwu vHk;kps ojnku ekfxrys- dkfrZds;kus

oklqdhyk iw.kZ vHk; fnys- R;k {k.kkiklwu lqczã.; {ks=kkr ukx vkf.k

liZ x#MkP;k Hk;kiklwu eqä gksÅu ukanw ykxys-Þ280

jk-c-eaMfydkauh ^lqczã.;* gs Ldanuke Eg.kts ^lqCcje.kh* ;k

ef.kizoky’kSyhrhy rfeG ‘kCnkps /ofulkE;kus lk/kysys —f=e

laL—rhdj.k vlwu R;k ‘kCnkpk ewykFkZ ûkxe.kh* Eg.kts ukxjkt

vFkok ukxJs”B vlk vkgs- lqCcjkt] lqCcjko] lqCcy{eh ¼’kqHkjk;]

‘kqHky{eh½ b- nf{k.kh ukokrhy ^lqCc* gk va’k ukxkFkZd vkgs- ;kr

la’k; ukgh- lqczã.;e izek.ksp nf{k.ksr ukxjktu~ ;k ukokps fo’ks”k

izpyu vkgs- gs ;k lanHkkZr eqÌke /;kuh ?;kos-281 T;k lqczã.;{ks=h

ok#GkP;k lkfé/;kr ukx:ikr iwtk gksrs- rsFksgh J/nkoar

larkuizkIrhlkBh uol djrkr- fo’ks”k Eg.kts ;k {ks=h Ldan”k”BhP;k

mRlokr eq[; iqtkjh gkrkoj pkeMÓkkph fi’koh p<owu ok#Gkr gkr

?kkyrks vkf.k vkrwu rhu eqBh ekrh ckgsj dk<rks- ;k ekrhyk

êwye`fÙkdk* v’kh laKk fnyh tkrs- gh ok#Gkrhy êwye`fÙkdk* iqtkjh

teysY;k Hkkfodkauk izlkn Eg.kwu okVrks- gk izlkn larkunk;h ekuyk

tkrks- egkiq#”kkaP;k leFkZ chtnzO;kus Hkkjysyh gh ewye`fÙkdk

larkunk;h letyh tkoh] ;kyk ok:G vkf.k ukx ;kaP;k

izrhdkRedrsP;k lanHkkZr vuU;lk/kkj.k egÙo vkgs] gs lgt /;kuh

;srs-282

3-29 ukx%ujflag%x.ks’k % ;{k izfrfu/kh %

iqjk.kkr ;{k laL—rhps vusd mYys[k lkiMrkr- vfrekuoh

;ksuhps loZ fo’ks”k ;{klaL—rhus vkikiY;kijhus nardFkk] nSordFkk]

tkrddFksrwu tiysys vkgsr- Jko.kkr ukx&ujlksckpk fo/kh ,d=

Lo:ikr dsyk tkrks- egkHkkjrkrhy cyjkekP;k dkukr ujflag dqaMys

vkgsr- f’kok; R;kps ykaPNugh flagkpsp vkgs- cyjke gk vkfn’ks”kkpk

632

vorkj ekuyk tkrks- ujflag gk ckoéohjkae/;s x.kyk tkrks-

fgj.;f’kiwpk o/k fo”.kw vorkjkP;k ujflag:ikus dsysyk vkgs-

;{kkP;k lkn`’; :ikae/;s x.ks’k] ujflag] ukx] ukxh b- pk lekos’k

gksrks- jk-fpa- <sjs ;kauh ujflagkpk lekos’k mxzohjkae/;s dsysyk vkgs- rks

flageq[kh ;{k vkgs- egkuqHkkoh; pØ/kjLokeh vkf.k xksfoanizHkw gs

ujflageBkr olr vlr] vls mYys[k feGrkr- R;kauk jkteB vlsgh

Eg.kr- ;{k gs o`{k:ikus jkgr vlr] iqtys tkr vlr- ujflag gk

dk”B[kkackrwu fuekZ.k >kyk] v’kh nSordFkk lkaxrs- gfjoa’kke/;s

;s.kkÚ;k —“.kyhyk] gÓkkr —“.kkus uydwcj vkf.k ef.kxzho ;k ;{kkauk

o`{k:ikrwu eqäh fnY;kpk lanHkZ lkiMrks- o`{kkauk izkphu ok³~e;kr

pSR;o`{k EgVysys vkgs- ukx ujlksckP;k fo/khr ;{kiwtspk vo’ks”k

lkekoysyk vkgs- ujflag gs vusd ?kjk.;kps dqynSor vkgs ujflagkP;k

ewrhZ vkf.k ‘ksanjh rkanGs gh vusd fBdk.kh vk<Grkr-283 ;{k

fo’ks”kkrwup ukx&ujlksck Jko.kkr ,d= ukanrkr-

v’edkps lokZr izfl) jkts Eg.kts izfr”Bkups lkrokgu-

R;kaP;k vk/kh izfr”Bkuyk ujflag ukokpk jktk gksrk vlk mYys[k

lkseLokehP;k dFkklfjrlkxjkr lkiMrks- R;k dFkscíy Jh- O;a

dsrdjkauh izkphu egkjk”VªkP;k bfrgklkr fygysys vkgs- Jh jsìh g;kauh

dkgh o”kkZiwohZ Eastern Anthropologist ;k ekfldkr psapw yksdkaP;k

dFkk o yksdxhrs ;kcíy fyfgys vkgs- R;kr vlk mYYks[k vkgs dh]

ßpsapw yksdkaP;k jktkyk eksBs ri d:u psafp;k ukokph eqyxh >kyh

o frps yXu ujflagk’kh >kys- gk ujflag jkukoukr HkVdr gksrk-

R;kyk psapw yksdkauh cka/kwu ekj.;kpk csr dsyk gksrk( i.k ,dk

czkã.kkus R;kyk okpoys- iq<s R;kus ;qähus psapwr nqQGh fuekZ.k

dsyh- fujfujkG;k VksGÓkkauk fujfujkGs izns’k jkg.;klkBh fnys o

,dkyk liZ:i nsÅu yksd rq>h iwtk djrhy vls lkafxrys-Þ gh

dFkk cjhp ykac vlwu R;kr ujflag gk Jhd`”.kp vls ‘ksoVh

633

lkafxrys vkgs- R;kpizek.ks psapw yksdkapk ukxka’kh laca/k tksMyk vkgs-

ujflagkph nsoGs nf{k.ksr vkgsr- ujflag ujl¸;k oxSjs ukosgh iq”dG

lkiMrkr- lkrokgukiwohZ ujflag Eg.kwu dks.kh jktk gksÅu xsyk

vlkok o R;kpk vEey rsyax.k o egkjk”Vªkoj vlkok vls fnlrs-

vkiY;kdMs ukx&ujlksck gh tksMh ,sdw ;srs- tqU;k ys.;karwu jke o

—“.k gÓkkaP;k ewrhZ fnlr ukghr( i.k ojkg o ujflag gh :is ek=

fnlrkr- ujflagiwtk tquh vlwu iq<s n’kkorkjkr —“.k iwtsP;kgh vk/kh

R;kyk LFkku feGkys vls fnlrs- tqU;k ujflagkpk ijkHko d:u

lkrokgukauh jkT; LFkkfiys dh dk; v’kh ‘kadk ;srs-284 vls vlsy

rjh nSordFkkauh ujflagkyk ;{kkr lekfo”V dsysys vkgs-

ikoZrhiq= x.ks’k gk gh ;{k vkgs- rks xteq[k ¼ukxeq[k½vkgs-

vk;kZaP;k laL—rhoj vuk;kZapk izHkko iMyk- fo}kukaP;k fojks/kkyk u

tqekurk [kkyP;k oxkZrY;k vk;kZauh uO;k nsonsorkapk vaxhdkj dsyk-

vlaL—r taxyh yksdkr v’kk nsokaph iwtk gksrs- ;k nsokaP;k vk—rh

i'kqi{;kaP;k vlrkr- vFkok R;kauk izsrfi’kkPpklkj[ks rksaM o nkr

vlrkr- vktgh v’kk xzkensorkaP;k ekrhP;k vFkok ykdMkP;k ewrhZ

cÚ;kp xkokr vk<Gwu ;srkr- vkiY;k vuk;Z ‘kstkÚ;kiklwu vk;kZauh

ukx] xnZHkkoj vk:< gks.kkjh ‘khryk] dq«;koj cl.kkjk HkSjo

;kaP;kcjkscjp mafnjk:< gÙkheq[k fouk;dkpkgh Lohdkj dsyk- fouk;d

gk xzkenso gksrk- f’kokpk ik”kZn gksrk- vuk;Z nsorkae/;s rks O;Urj

nsork gksrk- fo?ugrkZ gksrk( ijarq gGwgGw rks fo?ugrkZ >kyk- #nzkuqpj

>kyk- dkykarjkus xk.kiR; laiznk;krhy x.kirh izeq[k nsork cuyh-

rh nsork ;{k vkf.k ukx ;k yksdnsorka’kh ekSfydi.ks lacaf/kr

vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs- Jh x.ks’kkph cky] r#.k] Hkä] ohj] ‘käh]

/ot] fl)h] mfPN”V] f{kiz] gsjac] y{eh] egku~] fo?u] fot;]

dYigLr vkf.k m/oZ gs lksGk /;ku lkafxrys vkgsr- R;kr osrkG]

‘käh] /kuq”;ck.k] peZ] [kM~x] [kV~okax] eqn~xj] xnk] vadq’k] ukxik’k]

634

‘kwy] ij’kw o /ot /kkj.k dj.kkÚ;k ohj ukokP;k v#.k x.ks’kkps

Lej.k djrks] vls Lrks= vkgs- ;kr x.ks’k vkf.k ukx ;kapk lglaca/k

n’kZfoyk vkgs- tkuos fdaok liZ] rlsp iksVkHkksorh likZpk os<k v’kk

Lo:ikr fBdfBdk.kP;k Jhx.ks’kkP;k ewrhZ vk<Grkr- vusdnk

Jhx.ks’kkP;k nksanwHkksorh liZ vlysYkk ewfrZ’kkL=kr nk[kfoyk vkgs-285

Jhx.ks’k] Jhujflag ;ke/;s ;{kkps loZ xq.kfo’ks”k lkekoysys

vkgsr- eq[k] ‘kjhj;”Vh] vk;q/ks] vkHkw”k.ks] izfrek] okgus] pØorhZin

;k lokZaP;k ek/;ekrwu rs ;{kkpsp fodflr :i vkgsr gs fl) gksrs-

3-30 T;ksfr”k’kkL=krhy ukx izfrek %

T;ksfr”k’kkL= gs xf.krh; ‘kkL= vlys rjh] R;krhy cÚ;kp

ckch xq< Lo:ikP;k vkgsr- jk’kh] u{k= ;kafo”k;h Hkxksyh; ekfgrh

miyC/k vlyh rjh R;kaP;k fufeZrhfo”k;h fofo/k dFkk izpfyr vkgsr-

;k lokZae/;s ukx izfrek deh vf/kd izek.kkr vkysyh vkgs-

itZU;kpk laca/k ns[khy ukxk’kh ¼es?kka’kh½ vkgs-

ejkBh O;qRiÙkh dks’kke/;s es?kklkBh esgqMk] <x gs ‘kCn fnysys

vkgsr- esgw Eg.kts itZU; gks;-286 itZU; gh _Xosnkrhy xkS.k nsork

vkgs- _Xosnkrhy dkgh lwDrkr itZU;kph iz’kalk dsysyh vkgs- o`”Vh

dj.ks gs R;kps eq[; dke vkgs- egkjk”Vªkr vkf’ou eklkrhy nsohP;k

uojk=ke/;s eqyh Qsj /k:u HkksaMY;kph xk.kh Eg.krkr- gs ,d

itZU;ozrp vkgs- R;kyk gknxk vls Eg.krkr- gknxk Eg.kts lw;Z gLr

u{k=kr vlrkuk [ksGk;pk [ksG gks;- gLr u{k=kpk ikÅl iMkok

vkf.k R;kus ns’kkr /kkU; le`)h Ogkoh] gk R;k [ksGkekxpk mÌs’k

vlrks- itZU; izkIrhlkBh vkf.k vfro`”Vh Fkkac.;klkBh o#.k izfresph

mndkr iwtk djkoh-287 vFkoZosnkr o`=kpk laca/k es?kk’kh tksMysyk

vkgs-288

egkHkkjrkr vkf.k gfjoa’kkr fofo/k es?kkaps lanHkZ vkysys vkgsr-

^‘kkafriokZ*P;k ^eks{k/keZiokZ*rhy ^maNo`Ù;qik[;kuk*r ‘kqØ ukokP;k

635

vkdk’kkrhy uhyo.khZ; es?kkpk lanHkZ vkysyk vkgs- rks ;k

lw;kZpkp ,d va’k vlwu rksp o”kkZdkGh ik.kh ikMhr vlrks-289

^gfjoa’kk*rhy ^Hkh”eiokZ*r lw;Zpanzkfn /kkj.kkaps Qy ¼v-28 ok½

fnysys vkgs- R;kr ijkØeh fo”.kw ;ksxcykus ‘kr’kjhj gksÅu es?kkpk

HksndRkkZ ,sjkor gÙkh gksrks- ex izk.;kP;k fgrkLro vkiY;k rstkus

izR;sd nsgkr f’kjysyk] vr,o nsgkr% fLFkr% fnO; Kku;qDr o loZ

inkFkZ [kkÅ.k Vkd.kkjk v’kk tkBj vXuhyk rks ,sjkor ukx

lq[knk;d o ‘khry v’kk vé ik.;kus vfHkf”kä o ‘kkar djrks- nSR;

vkf.k vXuhP;k ;q/nkr ,sjkor gÙkhus foizkP;k larrhl eku nsÅu

tyo”kkZo dsysyk lanHkZ feGrks-290 gfjoa’kkP;k xkso/kZu vk[;kukr

banzkus lkaorZd es?klewgkyk vkKk nsÅu rqQkuh ikÅl ikMyk gksrk-

R;krhy cjsp es?k ukxkP;k vkdkjkaps gksrs- eksBeksBÓkk Q.kkaps o

eLrdkoj LofLrd fpUg /kkj.k dj.kkjs ukx [koGwu tkÅu vkikiY;k

foojkrwu ckgsj iMys vkf.k brLrr fQ: ykxys- vls o.kZu ;srs-291

;k lokaZrwu itZU; vkf.k ukx ;akpk lglaca/k lgti.ks y{kkr ;srks-

T;ksfr”k’kkL=kr fofo/k es?k lkafxrysys vkgs- es?kkaph ukos

vuqØes vkoRkZ] laroZ] iq”dj vkf.k nzks.k- ikolkG;kP;k pkj efgU;kr

gs es?k ØekØekus ;srkr- ifgyk es?k dks.krk\ gs dk<.;kph xf.krh;

i)r vkgs- g;k o”khZ 1928$ 3 ¾ 1931 4 ¾ 482 ckdh 3

Eg.kwu vk”kk< efgU;kr iq”dj] Jko.kkr nzks.k] Hkknzinkr vkorZ]

vk’ohu efgU;kr laoRkZ es?k vkgsr- Eg.kwu vk”kk<kr ean o`”Vh

Jko.kkr Hkjiwj ikÅl] Hkknzinkr dksBs ikÅl dksBs vo`”Vh g;k

efgU;kr Hkjiwj ikÅl iM.kkj ukgh- [akM o`”Vhps ;ksx-

gÓkkp izdkjkus T;s”B d`”.ki{k rs vkf’ou d`”.k AA30AA Ik;aZr

9 i{k ¼15 fnolakpk i{k½ gksrkr- g;k izR;sd i{kkr ikÅl dlk

iMsy- R;k fo”k;h uoukx okij.;kph i)rh lkafxrysyh vkgs- 1928

636

& 1512 ¾ 416 9 ¾ 46 ckdh 2 Eg.kwu laorZ ukokpk es?k

T;s”B d`”.ki{kkr vkgs-

iapkx i)rhr 3 jh i)r }kn’k ukx ¼es?k½ g;kr nj 10

fnolkr iM.kkÚ;k ikolkpk vankt ?ksrk ;srks- g;kph lq#okr vk”kk<

‘kqAA 1AA iklwu gksrs- ¼laoRlj Qy ukjnksLr i`”B 9&10½

1927 $ 2 ¾ 1929 12 ¾ 16 ckdh 9 mjys Eg.kwu

v’urjk es?k vk”kk< ‘kqAA izfrinsiklwu 10 fnol vkgs

R;k ckjk es?kkaph ukos % lqcq)] uCnlkjh] ddksZVd] i`Fk`Jok]

oklqdh] r{kd] /kSoa] dEcy] v’orj] gseekyh] ujsanz] oxzna”Vª] b-

Ckkjk ukxkaph ukos % v’orjk] gseekyh] ujsanz] otzn.Vª] o`”k]

lqcq/n] uanlkjh] ddksZVd] iqFkqJok] oklqdh] r{kd] dEcy-

ikjaifjd iapkax i)rhlg xzaFkksä xzgxf.krk/kkjs es?k i)rh o

ukx i)rhpk voyac d:u gs itZU;eku dk<ys tkrs-292

vusd :ikauh vkdk’kkr izdk’keku gks.kkjh u{k=s izR;sd {k.kkyk

xrheku gksÅu iq<s ljdrkr- gh loZ u{k=s fo?ufoukf’kuh vkf.k

vkRedY;k.kkph] cq)hph [kk.k vkgsr- vFkZoosnkr vk’ys”kk u{k= gs

likZps u{k= lkafxrysys vkgs- ;kapk u{k=kf/kirh dsrw gk xzg vkgs-293

mÙkjk”kk<k gh fo’onsokps u{k= vkgsr- mÙkjk”kk<k gh likZoj cl.kkjh

xksjh lqanj ukxnksjhus tVktwV cka/k.kkjh] lqo.kkZph dqaMys ?kky.kkjh vkf.k

mtO;k gkrh Qkls o ukx rlsp MkO;k gkrh iqLrd o lqaM /kkj.k

dj.kkjh vkgs-294

iapkaxkps ikpos vax Eg.kts dj.k- dj.k Eg.kts frFkhpk v/kkZ

Hkkx- lw;Z&panzke/;s 12 va’k fdaok 12 ph iV varj Eg.kts vyx

vyx frFkh T;kizek.ks fuekZ.k gksrs] R;kizek.ks Li”V lw;Z&panzke/;s 6

va’k fdaok 6 ph iV varj iMys Eg.kts vyx vyx dj.ks fuekZ.k

gksrkr- dj.ks ,danj 11 vkgsr- R;kiSdh 7 dj.ks gh pj Eg.kts

vkorZukus ;s.kkjh vkgsr vkf.k ckdhph 4 gh fLFkj fdaok vpy

637

vkgsr- vekoL;sP;k iwokZ/kkZP;k dj.kkps uko prq”ikn] vekoL;sP;k

mÙkjk/khZ ukx vkf.k ‘kqDy izfrinsP;k iwokZ/khZ fdaLrq?u vls dj.k

vkgs-295 ukx dj.kkoj gks.kkjh —R;s gh LFkkoj o nk:.k —R;s

gksrkr- ;k dj.kkpk Lokeh liZ vkgs- rstLoh] Jhear] cyoku o

okpkG O;äh ;k dj.kkoj tUers-296

T;ksfr”k’kkL=krhy vodgMk pØkr 27 u{k=kaP;k 27 ;ksuh

lkafxrysY;k vkgsr- R;krhy e`x’kh”kZ] jksfg.kh u{k=kaph ;ksuh liZ ;ksuh

lkafxrysyh vkgs] rj vk’ys”kk u{k=kph nsork liZ nk[kfoysyh vkgs-

,o<sp uOgs rj ckjk eklkaf’kok; ;s.kkÚ;k vf/kd eklkl ^laliZ ekl*

vlsgh lacks/kys tkrs-297

ekxZ’kh”kZ eklkrhy paik”k”Bhyk ukxfnos yko.;kph izFkk vkgs-

ekrZaM eYgkjh [kaMksckpk lgk jk=hapk mRlo izfrink rs paik”k”Bhi;Zar

vlrks- ukxiwtukP;k fno’kh ukxkph iwtk d:u vusd izdkjP;k

iDokaékoj fnos ykowu [kaMksckl o eqykauk vksokGkos- Jh ‘kadjkauh

[kaMksckpk vorkj ?ksÅu e.kh o eYy ;k jk{klkauk ek:u yksdkauk

lq[kh dsys- Eg.kwu paik”k”Bhyk eksBk mRlo gksrks-298

v’kk izdkjs T;ksfr”k’kkL=kr ukx ladYiuspk foLr`r fopkj dsyk

vkgs-

3-31 fnDikykae/;s ukxkps LFkku %

fganw] ckS) o tSu /kekZae/;s fnDiky gh ladYiuk :< vkgs-

izR;sd fn’ksyk ,d Lora= Lokeh vlrks vls ekuys xsysys vkgs- Jh

okjkg egkiqjk.kke/;s fn’kkaph mÙiÙkh lkafxrysyh vkgs- R;kr JhgfjP;k

dkukrwu fn’kk mRié >kY;k vkgsr vls v’kh dFkk ;srs- rj czãnsokus

R;k fn’kkapk fookg yksdikyka’kh ykoysyk vkgs- fn’kkauk dU;k ekuys

xsys vkgs- iwokZ ukokP;k dU;spk banzk’kh] vkXus;kpk vfXunsok’kh]

nf{k.kspk ;ek’kh] uS_Z”khpk uS_Zrh’kh] if’pespk o#.kk’kh] ok;O;hpk

ok;w’kh] mÙkjspk dqcsjk’kh o bZ’kkuhpk Hkxoku ‘kadjk’kh fookg >kyk-

638

m/oZ fn’kspk Lokeh czãnso Lor% >kys- v/kksyksdkps LokfeRo

‘ks”kukxkdMs vkys-299 ,srjs; mifu”knkr vkRE;kus yksd o yksdiky

nsork fuekZ.k dsY;k vls lkafxrys vkgs-300 yksdiky o fnDiky

,dp vkgsr- fnDiky Eg.kts fn’kkaps laj{kd nso-

fganw /keZxzaFkke/;s v”VfnDiky gh ladYiuk ekU; vkgs- R;kr

if’pefn’kspk vf/kirh o#.k lkafxrysyk vkgs- o#.kkus ukxik’k /kkj.k

dsysyk vkgs- ckS)kae/;s if’pe fn’kspk vf/kirh iùkard nk[kfoyk

vkgs- ‘osrkacj tSukauh ek= n’k fnDiky ekuwu o#.k gk if’pespk] rj

oklqdh gk ikrkGkpk vf/kirh Lohdkjysyk vkgs- fnDikfydkae/;s lqaHkk

gh fuGÓkk o.kkZph] ,deq[kh] f}Hkqtk vkf.k mtO;k gkrh ukxik’k

/kkj.k dj.kkjh v/kj fn’ksph fnDikfydk vkgs-301

vFkoZosnkP;k frlÚ;k dk.Mkrhy 27 O;k lwDrkr likZapk

fnDiky Eg.kwu mYys[k vkysy vks- rks vlk& ßiwoZ fn’kspk Lokeh

banz vlwu vkeP;k lalkjkps j{k.k dj.kkjs liZ] /kkrk] v;Zek] vfnrhps

iq= o vXuh ;kauk ueLdkj vlks- nf{k.k fn’kk dY;k.ke;h vks- ;k

fn’kspk Lokeh ;e fn’kkj{kd liZ] nq”Vlagkjd ck.k o fir`nso ;kauk

dsysY;k ueLdkjkauh rs izlé gksoksr- if’pe fn’kspk Lokeh o#.k

vkgs- j{kd liZ] ;okfn /kkU;kauk vkeps ueLdkj vlrks- mÙkj fn’kspk

Lokeh lkse] j{kd Lotuked vkf.k nq”Vkauk ‘kklu dj.kkjk nso ;kauk

dsysY;k ueLdkjkauh ;k nsork vkuafnr gksoksr- v/kj fn’kspk Lokeh

Hkxoku fo”.kw] j{kd dY;k.kxzh; uked liZ vkf.k loZ vkS”k/kh ;k

loZ vkeP;k ueLdkjkus izlé gksoksr- m/oZ fn’kspk Lokeh c`gLirh]

‘osrliZ vkf.k vo”kZ.k nwj dj.kkjh o`”Vh vkeP;k ueLdkjkauh izlé

gksoksr-Þ302 v’kk Lo:ikps o.kZu ;srs- rj }kn’k dkGkrhy frlÚ;k

lwDrkr nf{k.k fn’kspk Lokeh frjf’puked liZ] if’pe fn’kspk

Lotuked liZ] iwoZ fn’kspk dYek”k uked liZ rj m/oZ fn’kspk

f’o=liZ vls LokehRo vl.kkÚ;k likZaps mYys[k ;srkr-303

639

egkHkkjrkrhy ^m|ksxiokZ*P;k ^Hkxo|kuiokZ*r osxosxGÓkk

fn’kkaph o.kZus vkysyh vkgsr- ;kr iwoZ fn’ksus ikrkGkr izos’k d:u

o#.kkus laiÙkh feGfoyh vlk lanHkZ ;srks- nf{k.k fn’ksyk iqyRL; o

jko.k ;kaps fuoklLFkku vkgs- oklqdh] ,sjkor o r{kd ;k ukxkauh

jf{kr v’kh Hkksxorh uked ukxjkt/kkuh ;kp fn’ksyk vkgs- if’pe

fn’kk o#.kkph vkgs- rks tykpk j{kd o typjkapk jktk vkgs-

reksgark panz ;k fBdk.kh o#.kkp s loZgh “kMªlkps iku xzg.k d:u

‘kqDyi{kkps vkjaHkh iqu% r#.k gksrks- ;k fBdk.khp xHkZorh fnfrnsoh

fufnzr vlrk banzkus frps mnjkr f’k:u ,ds xHkkZps 49 rqdMs d:u

rks xHkZ fo—r dsyk- R;kiklwup gs e:nx.k mRié >kys- eg”khZ

d’;i vkf.k ekjhp gÓkkaphgh LFkkus ;sFksp vkgsr] v’kk Lo:ikps

o.kZu ;srs-304

ukxkaP;k uarj fnDikykaph tkxk gÙkhauh ?ksryh- vusdnk ukxkauk

^gfLru* EgVY;kps mYys[k ;srkr-305 fn’kkapk Hkkj okg.kkjs gÙkh]

fnXxt gks;- vkB fn’kkauk vkB gÙkh vkiY;k eLrdkaoj i`Fohpk Hkkj

okgr vkgsr] v’kh ikSjkf.kd dYiuk vkgs- i`Fohps LFkS;Z ;kaP;koj

voyacwu vlY;keqGs nso] nkuo] jk{kl] fi’kkp] i{kh] ukx oxSjs loZ

;kaph iwtk djhr vlr] vls jkek;.kkr EgVys vkgs- vktps gÙkh ;k

v”V fnXxtkapsp oa’kt letys tkrkr- dks.kR;k izdkjps gÙkh dks.kR;k

fnXxtkiklwu >kys] ;klaca/khP;k vusd letqrh mÙkj Hkkjrkr :<

vkgsr-306 v”V fouk;d gh ladYiuk R;krwup mn~Hkoysyh vlsy-

nlÚ;kP;k fno’kh ‘kqHk dk;kZr vkf.k jkT;kfHk”ksdkP;k osGh gh gÙkhph

iwtk dsyh tkrs- izkphu dkGh jkT;kfHk”ksdkps mnd gÙkh vkiY;k

lksaMsus jktkP;k eLrdkoj lksMr vls- ckS) yksdkrgh gÙkhyk xkSre

cq)kps izrhd Eg.kwu iwT; ekurkr- dkj.k cq)kpk tUe gks.;kiwohZ

R;kph ekrk ek;knsoh fufnzLr vlrk ,dk ‘kqHkz gÙkhus frP;k xHkkZr

izos’k dsyk gksrk] vls ckS) xzaFkkr fygysys vkgs- rks gÙkh LoxkZrwu

640

vorjyk gkssrk vkf.k rksp cq)kP;k :ikus tUe ikoyk vlk ckS)

yksdkapk fo’okl vkgs-307

phue/;s ns[khy likZapk laca/k fn’kka’kh tksMysyk vkgs- The

four directional Dragon Kings from a distinctive type of Chinese

dragon. In paintings the red one is a associated with the west,

black is for the north, yellow for the Eastern one and green for the

Southern one. When a central one is depicted it is usually white but

may be blue.308 ckS) /kekZP;k izHkkokrwu phue/;s fnDiky gh

ladYiuk :< >kyh vlkoh-

3-32 jkgqfo”k;d dYiukca/k %

Hkkjrh; T;ksrh”k’kkL=kr uoxzg ekuys xsysys vkgsr- R;kr jkgw

vkf.k dsrwpk Nk;kxzg Eg.kwu lekos’k dsysyk vkgs- jkgqfo”k;d vusd

dFkkReca/k izpfyr vkgsr- LoHkkZuw gs jkgwps osndkyhu uko- dkghaP;k

ers] gk d’;i o nuw ;kapk eqyxk rj ikSjkf.kd dkGkr d’;i o

flafgdspk eqyxk Bjrks- ;kph dU;k izHkk fdaok lqizHkk ;kus ueqph

fdaok ugq”kkyk fnyh gksrh- iqjk.kkr leqnzeaFkukph dFkk ;srs- R;kr

ve`r izkIrhlkBh jkgw o dsrw gs nso:i /kkj.k d:u nsoiaähyk

clrkr- ve`riku djrkuk gs lw;Z&panzkyk letys- rs R;kauh fo”.kwyk

lkafxrys- fo”.kwus R;kapk f’kjPNsn dsyk- rsOgk iklwu jkgw gk lw;kZyk

xzklrks- R;keqGs R;kl LoHkkZuw vls Eg.krkr-309 gk xzg o.kkZus ‘kwnz]

ikixzg] Hk;adj Lo:ikpk vkgs- jkgwph vk—rh vk/khZp vkgs- R;kP;k

eLrdh map tVkHkkjs vlwu] R;kps nkr fopdysys vkf.k MksGs oj

vkysys vkgsr- jkgw fo”k;hpk oSfnd ea=

ßd;k ukbZp= vk Hkqonwrh lnko`/k% l[kkA

d;k ‘kfp”B;k o`rkAAÞ

vlk vkgs-310 jkgwlkBh xksesn jRu ifj/kku djrkr- fp-fo-

oS|kaP;k ers]ß egkHkkjrkr dkgh fBdk.kh jkgwyk uqlrkp xzg gk ‘kCn

641

ykoysyk vkgs- jkgwph iwohZph dYiuk Eg.kts rks ,d lw;Z&panzkoj

gYyk dj.kkjk jk{kl vkgs- gh dYiukgh egkHkkjrkr ckdh vkgs-

dkj.k jkgwps dca/kLo:i ,ds fBdk.kh of.kZysys vkgs- jkgw Eg.kts ,d

dkGks[kkpk yksV vlk izR;{k vuqHko lw;Z [kxzkl xzg.kkps osGh

vkY;ko:u R;kyk f’kjjfgr jk{kl dYiwu rks leqnzke/;s jkgrks vls

ekuysys vkgs-

ßv=e/;s leqnzL; dca/k% izfr–‘;rsA

LoHkkZuks lw;ZdYiL; lkselw;ksZ fta?kklr%AAÞ

;kr gs jkgwps /kM if’pe leqnzke/;s mHks vlysys o.kZu dsys

vkgs- if’pe leqnzke/;s jkgwph dYiuk dk dsyh xsysyh vkgs gs

letr ukgh- panzxzg.kkph o lw;Zxzg.kkph ;ksX; dYiuk egkHkkjrdkGh

>kysyh gksrh] vls ek= fu’p;kus Eg.krk ;srs- dkj.k gk jkgw jk{kl

ulwu rh uqlrh Nk;k vkgs vkf.k rh vkdk’kkr fnlr ulwu lw;Z

panzkoj ek= fnlrs vls ‘kkafriokZr vkRE;kps Lo:i o.kZu djrkuk

Qkj [kqchnkj jhrhus o.kZu dsysys vkgs- rÙoKkukP;k fopkjkr ‘kkafrioZ

v/;k; 203 ;kar gk fo”k; vkysyk vkgs-Þ311

‘ka-ck- tks’kh ;kaP;k ers] ^lw;Zxzg.kkl jkgw* gk dkj.k vkgs]

vls ekuys tkrs( i.k gh panz&lw;Z ;qrh vlY;kps vkt loZ ekU;

vkgs- lw;kZyk xzkl.kkjh nq”V ‘käh Eg.kwu ;k xzgkfo”k;h frjLdkj

vl.kkjk laiznk; f’k”VekU;] izfrf”Br vlY;kus panzkyk yksdfuansiklwu

nwj Bso.;kP;k mÌs’kkus jkgw vls fujkGs uko izpfyr >kys vl.ks

‘kD; vkgs fdaok pkanz lkaiznk;kph gh —rh vlkoh- panzkph izfr”Bk

ok<o.;kpk mÌs’kgh ;k ekxs vlkok- jkgwP;k fBdk.kh LoHkkZuw ladsr

okijysyk fnlrks- gk LoHkkZuw ^vlqj* vlY;kps rSfÙkjh; lafgrk]

‘kriFk czkã.k vknh xzaFkko:u dGrs- yqM~fox ;kauh gs lw;Zxzg.kkps

o.kZu vlwu panzkyk LoHkkZuw EgVY;kps m?kMdhl vk.kys vkgs- ,dw.k

;sFks panzkyk lw;Z cufo.;kpk gk cuko fnlrks! jfookj vkfnR;okj

642

Eg.kwu ekuyk tkrks- ;k ;krw izdkjkyk] panzkyk lw;Z Eg.k.ks ;kekxs

xqgÓkkFkZ vlw ‘kdsy- osnkr panzkyk ^jktu* gs uko vkgs- panz’ks[kj ¾

jkt’ks[kj gk iz;ksx vktgh :< vkgs-312 vkt lw;Zukjk;.k ukx

vkjk/kuk Eg.kts gh lkadsfrdrk lw;Zxzg.k lwpd uOgs dk;\ bFks lw;Z

xzklyk tkrks- panzkdMwu gs —R; gksrs- gh fØ;k fuf”k) Bjyh vlkoh

Eg.kwu ^jkgw* gk xzg tUekyk vkyk vlkok- panzkpk laca/k tUek’kh

vkgs rj jkgwpk laca/k gk iqutZUek’kh vkgs- ;ko:u panz o jkgw ,dp

vlkos vls ekurk ;srs-313 larku izkIrhdjrk ukjk;.k ukxcyhpk fo/kh

dsyk tkrks- bFks ukjk;.k ok ukx iq#”k vkgsr- gk ukjk;.k ¼ukx½

l`”Vhl l`tukl dkj.k vkgs- gk ukjk;.k ¼ukj&v;u½ vkgs- gk ukj

Eg.kts l`tu ty:ih vkgs vkf.k v;u:ih ¼Eg.kts ukx ukG½ gh

vkgs- ^vkiks ukjk% bfr- izksäk%* vls O;klkusp egkHkkjrkr ukjk;.k

uke fuoZpu izlaxh lakfxrys vkgs vkf.k peRdkj gk dh gs ukj v;u

ukejgL; Loa; ¼uj%½ ukjk;.kp lakxrks- ukjk;.k nSor izfrek % fp=kr

ik.kh ;k ik.;kr ukx vkf.k ;k ukxkus ,d uj ¼uG½ O;äh vlY;kus

nk[koys tkrs- ;k ladsrkrhy vFkZ:ih var%laxrh riklwu ikg.;kps

ifjJe foQy gks.;kph Hkhrh ukgh- ukjk;.k laiznk; Eg.kts

paknzlaiznk; jk= laiznk; gks; vkf.k ukjn gk R;kpk izlkjd vkgs-314

Qytksfr”k’kkL=kr jkgw gk vktksckpk dkjd xzg vkgs- jkgwo:u

oa’kkpk oa’ko`)hpk vH;kl dsyk tkrks- jkgw&dsrw gs xrtUe o ;k

tUekrhy dekZps okgd vkgsr- if=dsrhy jkgw iwoZtUekph okbZV d`R;s]

?kjk.;krhy jkgw nks”k vkf.k iwoZtakps ‘kki ;akpk ifjikd vlrks-

okMofMyakuh dsysY;k okbZV d`R;kus ogu jkgw iq<P;k rhu fi<;kae/;s

djrks- Eg.kts rhu fi<;kauk ;kpk =kl gksrks- Eg.kwu jkgwpk =kl

f=fi<h Lo:ikpk vlrks- ;k f=fi<h ‘kCnko:u dkyliZ;ksx ‘kkarhr

dsY;k tk.kkÚ;k ‘kkarhyk f=fi<h Jk) vls Eg.krkr-315 jkgw likZpk

izfrfu/kh vkgs- gh xks”V jkgwP;k T;ksfr”k’kkL=kr lkafxrysY;k

643

izHkkokizekus cjkscj vkgs- jkgwP;k izHkkok[kkyh vlysY;k O;äh likZyk

Hkhrkr- R;kuk LoIukr lIkZ fnlrkr- liZ dks.k vkgs \ T;ksfr”k’kkL=kr

o v/;kRe’kkL=kr likZyk dsrwps izrhd eku.;kr vkys vkgs- ;keqGs

;k dkyliZ;ksxkps jgL; dGw ‘kdrs-

Qytksfr”k’kkL=kr tUedqaMyh gh panzjk’kho:u dk<yh tkrs-

tkrdkpk tUe gk fnolk gksÅ ok jk=h] tUedqaMyh gh panzjk’kho:u

r;kj gksrs- if=dsr lw;Z vlwu ns[khy rks xHkZL; nk[kfoyk tkrks- jk=h

brj xzg fnlw ‘kdrhy( ijarq lw;Z fnl.kkj ukgh- rjhgh tUedqaMyhr

rks vlrksp- gsp R;kps xHkZLFki.kkps y{k.k gks;- yXudqaMyhr ns[khy

rks vlrks- ;ko:u thol`”Vhoj panzkpkp izHkko vlrks] gsp ekukos

ykxrs- xzg.kkP;k osGh jkgw lw;kZyk xzklrks Eg.kts panzp lw;kZyk

xzklrks] vls Eg.krk ;sbZy- panz gk tk&ekr` ¼dqekjhyk vkbZi.k

ns.kkjk½ vlrks- Eg.kwu rks 27 u{k=kpk irh vkf.k iztkirhpk tkekr`

¼tkobZ½ gksrks-

[kxksy’kkL=kizek.ks panzkph jfoHkksorh fQj.;kph d{kk liZdkj

vkgs- R;k d{kse/khy likZdkj ikrfcanw Eg.kts jkgw&dsrw gks;- Eg.kwup

jkgwyk vjksgikr Eg.kts likZps eq[k rj dsrwyk vojksgikr Eg.kts

likZps ‘ksiwV vls lacks/k.;kr vkys vkgs- panzkps fo{ksiizo`Rr

Økarho`Ùkkyk Nsnwu mÙkjsdMs tkrs- R;k fcanwyk jkgw rj nf{k.ksdMs tkrs

R;k fcanwyk dsrw vls lacks/krkr- R;keqGs jkgw o dsrwyk vkdkj o

tMRo ulysys Nk;kxzg eku.;kr vkys vkgs- joh o panz gs leLr

euq”;tkrhyk ÅtkZ] rst o izk.kok;w forjhr djrkr o ;k egÙokP;k

xzgkauk jkgw&dsrw xzg.kk}kjs fuLrst djrkr- R;keqGs [kxksy’kkL=

panzxzg.k o lw;Zxzg.kkP;k lanHkkZr lanHkZfcanw vlY;kl jkgw&dsrw ;k

xzgkauk fo’ks”k egÙo nsrkr-316 tSu yksdkaP;k ers] dsrw gk xzg likZ:<

o likZ/kkjh vkgs-317

644

QyT;ksfr”k’kkL=kr yXudqaMyhr fofo/kLFkkukr jkgwps Qy dk;

vkgs] gs ikg.ksgh vko’;d vkgs- yXudqaMyhr jkgw r`rh;LFkkuh

cyoku vlsy rj HkkoaMkps lkS[; feGrs- rks v’kqHk vlsy rj

HkkoaMkaps lkS[; feGr ukgh- fi’kkPpck/kk gksrs- prqFkZ LFkkukrhy

v’kqHk jkgw iS’kkfpd =kl] firjkapk nks”k] ‘kkiok.kh] liZnks”k b-

ifj.kke n’kZforks- iape LFkkukrhy jkgw L=h o iq=klaca/kh fpark

nk[kforks- ;k jkgqoj fi’kkPpck/ksus larrh jkgr ukgh- ;kauk liZnks”k

vlwu R;klaca/kh LoIus iMrkr- fL=;kauk gk jkgw ekfld ikGhpk =kl

n’kZforks- “k”Be LFkkukr nwf”kr jkgw fo”kkjh izk.kh liZ o fi’kkPpihMk

n’kZforks- ;kauk véik.;ke/kwu fo”kck/kk gksrs- v”VeLFkkukrhy jkgw

liZna’kkus e`R;w n’kZforks-318 vls fofo/k dYiukca/k] dFkkReca/k

jkgqfo”k;h vlysys fnlwu ;srkr-

3-33 liZ] iwoZt vkf.k vkRek %

fganw iqjk.k lkfgR;ke/;s liZ gk iwoZtkapk va’k ekuyk xsysyk

vkgs- O;ähP;k fu/kukuarj rh liZ:ikr ,d o”kZ v/kj fn’ksl fuokl

djrs v’kh dYiuk vkgs- fdacgquk tkrdkP;k tUekuarj liZ gk nsgkr

izos’k djrks v’khgh /kkj.kk vkgs- R;keqGs firj vkf.k liZ ;kaP;kr

rknkRE; fuf’pr >kysys vkgs- vkf/kHkkSfrd LFkwy jkT;kps lapkyd o

dqykps fuR; j{kd firj gsp vlrkr- thokP;k lq[knq%[kkl dkj.k

cgqrka’kkus R;k ?kjk.;kps firjkaph —ik vo—ikp vlrs- ts izsrkRes

vrÌr vlrkr rs liZ;ksuhr tUe ?ksrkr- tkrdkl vdLekr vkysyk

e`R;w] liZna’kkus vkysyk e`R;w izsr;ksuhr vMdwu iMrks- ;k izsr;ksuhrwu

eqäh feGfo.;klkBh o oa’ko`)hlkBh dkyliZ;ksx fo/kh o ukxcyh

fo/kh b- /kkfeZd fo/kh lwpfoysys vkgsr- jkgw gk xzg firjkapk]

iwoZtkaP;k rÌrkrÌr Hkkoukapk ?kjk.;krhy lnks”k&funksZ”k —R;kapk]

vktksck&i.ktksckpk dkjd letyk tkrks- Jk)] i{k fo/kh jkgwps ‘kqHk

QGs feGfo.;klkBh dj.;kpk iwokZpkj pkyr vkysY;k jhrhapk ,d

645

Hkkx vkgs- jkgw xtrUekrhy Hkksx o ikiiq.;kpk fg’kksc nk[kforks-319

jkgw xzgkph vf/knsork dky vkf.k izR;kf/knsork liZ vkgs vkf.k

iqjk.kkrhy o.kZukuqlkj dkykyk likZizek.ks Hk;kud eku.;kr vkys

vkgs vkf.k jkgw Eg.kts likZps eq[k gks;- iqutZUekpk orZekukoj izHkko

iMrks( rlk orZekukrhy ‘kqHkk’kqHk dekZapk izHkkogh iMrks- dkyliZ;ksx

gk iwoZ tUekrhy deZ nk[korks- ‘kkfir xks”Vhauk fir`nks”kk}kjs tUe

ns.;kps dke jkgw&dsrw djrkr- l`”Vh fufeZrhosGh nsokus ukxkauk tehu

fnyh gksrh( ijarq uarj rh euq”;kauk fnyh o ukxkauk ikrkGkr ikBoys-

T;k LFkkukaoj vkiyk fuokl vkgs rh ukxkaph l`”Vh vkgs- ;kpk folj

yksdkauk iMyk- jktLFkkue/;s vktgh d”V ifjgkj o lkS[;klBh

fo’ks”k ukxiwtk dsyh tkrs- tehu ¼Hkwyksd½ gh ukxkaP;k ekydhph

vkgs- R;kps _.k pqdoys ukgh rj dqaMyhr dkyliZ;ksx gksrks- izkphu

dkGkiklwu ?kj cuorkauk ukxkaP;k tksMhyk LFkku |k;ph izFkk vkgs-320

ukxcyhpk fo/kh gk cfynkukpk iz;ksx vkgs- ;k tUeh fdaok

tUekarjh tk.kwu vFkok u tk.krk dks.kkP;k gkrwu ukxkpk o/k >kyk

vlsy rj R;kyk larrh gksr ukgh vls Eg.krkr- ;k nks”kkP;k

ifjgkjklkBh ukxcGh djkok] vls iqjk.kkauh lkafxrys vkgs- gs loZ

d`R; ?kjkr u djrk unhP;k dkBh djk;ps vlrs- ;kpk fo/kh vlk]

vk’ys”kk u{k=kph nsork liZ vlY;keqGs rs u{k= vlrk fdaok

ikSf.kZek- vekoL;sP;k fno’kh ;k fo/khyk izkjaHk djkok- izFke

;etekukus izLrqr liZlaLdkjkpk vf/kdkj izkIr gks.;klkBh czkã.kkauk

fopk:u ;ksX; rs izk;f’pr djkos- uarj ,d yksgnaM czkã.kkyk nku

|kok- nqlÚ;k fno’kh Luku d:u rkanwG] xgw vFkok rhG ;kP;k

fiBkpk ,d ukx djkok- rks dksÚ;k lqikr Bsowu iq<hy ea=kus vkokgu

djkos&

ß,fg iwoZ e`rliZ g;fLeu~ fi”Vs lekfo’kA

laLdkjkFkZega HkDR;k izkFkZ;kfe lekfgr%AAÞ

646

vFkZ & gs iwohZ e`r >kysY;k likZ ;s] ;k fi”VewrhZr izos’k dj]

eh laLdkj dj.;klkBh lko/kkufpÙk gksÅu Hkähus rq>h izkFkZuk djhr

vkgs-

ex liZxk;=hus R;kph iwtk djkoh R;kyk ik;lcyh leikZok-

ykSfddkXuhph LFkkiuk djkoh- iz/kku gksekP;k iwohZ vXuhP;k vkXus;hl

Hkwehoj mnd f’kaiMwu frFks ,d fprk jpkoh- frP;koj rks fi”Vukx

Bsokok- iz/kku gkse djkok- O;kgrhP;k rhu vT;kgqrh vXuhr nsÅu

pkSFkh vkgqrh likZP;k eq[kkr |koh- jkfgysys vkT; likZP;k vaxkoj

f’kaiMkos- uarj R;k fprsyk vXuh |kok- fprsyk iznf{k.kk ?kkywu

tG.kkÚ;k likZph izkFkZuk djkoh- likZps ngu >kY;koj fprsoj ik.kh

f’kaiMkos- ex Luku d:u ?kjh tkos- R;kuarj rhu fnol fdaok ,d

fnol v’kkSp ikGkos- v’kkSp laiY;koj vkB czkã.kkyk

Jk)fo/khizek.ks Hkkstu ?kkykos- gs vkB czkã.k Hkkstu liZ] vuar] ‘ks”k]

dfiy] ukx] dkfyd] ‘ka[kiky] o Hkw/kj ;k vkB ukxkps izfrfu/kh

letkos- czkã.k Hkkstu >kY;koj oj mYys[kysY;k ukxklkBh ik;lkps

fiaM d:u R;kaps cfynku djkos- uarj lqo.kkZpk ,d ukx d:u rks

dy’kkoj LFkkikok- R;kph iwtk d:u rks czkã.kkyk nku |kok- ex

vkpk;Ziwtk] czkã.kHkkstu vk’khokZn xzg.k b- d`R;s d:u deZ iw.kZ

djkos- ;keqGsp iwoZt gs larrh:ikus tUekyk ;srkr-321

ukxcyhP;k fo/kh iz;ksxkr fofo/k likZpk ukeksYYks[k djkok

ykxrks- gs ddksZVd rqyk ueLdkj vlks- gs ‘ka[kiky rqyk ueLdkj

vlks- gs egkjkt ukxjkt fnO;:ik v’kk rqyk ueLdkj vlks- Q.kk

vlysys ts liZ vkgsr- fo”k vlysys liZ vkgsr- fo”k ulysys ts

liZ vkgsr- fcGkr jkg.kkjs ts liZ vlrhy R;k lokZaP;k iq.;ewrhZauk

ueLdkj vlks- gs liZjktk rw Lor% Jheku oklqnsokyk vkiY;k

‘kjhjkPkk iyax d:u fnyk vkgsl- gs liZjktk rwp gh loZ i`Foh

647

vkiY;k Q.kkeaMykoj ,dk rarwizek.ks /kkj.k dsyh vkgsl- R;k rqyk

ueLdkj vlks-

gs egkHkksxh liZjktk likZP;k minzo nq%[kkiklwu ek>s j{k.k dj

vkf.k fun`”V nh?kkZ;q”kh v’kh iq.;dkjd larrh eyk ns- gs —ikGk] gs

fnuoRlyk eh rqyk ‘kj.k vkyks vkgs- rj ek>s j{k.k dj- eh

KkuiwoZd vFkok pqdheqGs tks liZo/k g;k tUeh vFkok nqlÚ;k tUeh

dsyk vlsy vFkok ekÖ;k iwoZtkauh dsyk vlsy rs loZ iki yodj

ukghls dj vkf.k ekÖ;k vijk/kkph {kek dj-

czãyksdh ‘ks”k] ukx b- liZ vkgsr- R;k lokZauk ueLdkj vlks-

rs loZ eyk izlé gksoksr- fo”.kqyksdh ts oklqdh b- liZ vkgsr- R;k

lokZauk ek>k ueLdkj vlks- rs loZ etoj izlé gksoksr- #nzyksdh ts

r{kd b- liZ vkgsr- R;k lokZauk ek>k ueLdkj vlks- rs loZ etoj

izlé gksoksr- [kkaMooukpk nkg >kyk vlrk ts liZ LoxZyksdh xsys

vkgsr- R;k lokZauk ek>k ueLdkj vlks- rs etoj izlé gksoksr- ey;

ioZrkoj ts ddksZVd b- liZ vkgsr- R;k lokZauk ueLdkj vlks-

/keZyksdh ts liZ oSrj.khe/;s vkgsr- R;k likZauk ueLdkj vlks- ts

liZ ioZrkaP;k xqgsP;k eksBeksBÓkk Hksxkarwu jkfgys vkgsr- R;k likZauk

ueLdkj vlks- xkokr vFkok vj.;kr ts liZ lapkj djrkr- R;k

likZauk ueLdkj vlks] rs etoj n;k djksr- rs etoj izlé gksoksr-

jlkrGkr Eg.kts ikrkGkr ts vuar b- liZ vkgs- R;kauk ueLdkj

vlks- rs etoj izlé gksoksr-322

v’kk loZ likZapk mPpkj fo/khP;k osGh dsyk tkrks- R;ke/;s

lfo”k o vfo”k/kkjh liZ ,d= ;srkr- R;keqGs e`rkRes ‘kkar gksrkr-

JkSr&LekrZ Jk)kfn fo/khapk T;kauk vf/kdkj ukgh] v’kk

Hkkjrkrhy vla[; tkrhtekrh vkikiY;k iajijsizek.ks firìwtk djrkuk

vk<Grkr- ;k firìwtsr vénkukyk fo’ks”k izk/kkU; vlrs- cgqrsd

yksd firì{kkr firjkalkBh vkIrs”Vkauk xksM/kksM Hkkstu ?kkyrkr- dkgh

648

yksd dkoGÓkkyk fdaok xk;hyk lqxzkl vé nsrkr- dkgh tkrhr

firjkaP;k ukokus dkgh Vkd fdaok ukjG ?kjkr Bsoysys vlrkr-

fujfujkGs izk.kh fdaok o`{k gs fdR;sd tkrhaph nsoGs vlrkr- R;k R;k

o`{kkr vFkok izk.;kr firjkaps vkRE;s okLrO; djhr vlrkr- v’kh

R;kaph letwr vlrs- R;keqGs yXudk;kZr lokZavk/kh nsodkaph iwtk

gksr vlrs- dkgh yksd e`rkaph Lekjdsgh mHkkjrkr- ftFks vaR; laLdkj

dsyk vlsy R;k tkxh ygkulk pkSFkjk mHkkj.ks fdaok ygkuls eafnj

mHkk:u R;kr f’kofyaxkph LFkkiuk dj.ks] v’kk xks”Vh fdR;sd fBdk.kh

dsY;k tkrkr-323

tkrddFkkae/;s ukxcGhpk mYys[k vkgs- dd.Vd tkrdkrhy

dkd tkrdkr gk mYys[k ;srks- ^iwohZ okjk.k’khr czãnÙk jktk jkT;

djhr vlrk cksf/klRRo leqnznsork gksÅu jkgr gksrk- ,dnk ,d

dkoGk vkiY;k eknhyk ?ksÅu leqnzkP;k rhjh Hk{; ‘kks/k.;klkBh

vkyk- R;kosGh dkgh ek.kls leqnzrhjkoj ukxcGhpk fo/kh dj.;klkBh

vkysyh gksrh- f[kjh] ekls] ekal ;kapk uSos| R;kauh nk[koyk gksrk-

dkoGhcjkscj dkoGk R;k fBdk.kh xsyk vkf.k nks?kkauh cGh Eg.kwu

viZ.k dsysyh [khj] ekals o ekal [kwi [kkYys- nk:gh rh nks?ks I;kyh--

---------*324 ;ko:u ckS) dky[kaMkrgh gk fo/kh gksr vlkok vls

lwfpr gksrs-

tkxfrd yksdlkfgR;kr o yksdekulkrgh likZpk laca/k gk

iwoZtka’kh o vkRE;k’kh tksMysyk vkgs- gk ekuoh lektkP;k vkfne

voLFksrhy uSlfxZd laca/k vlkok- osxosxGÓkk ns’kkrhy dFkkae/;s gk

laca/k izd”kkZus uksanoyk xsyk vkgs- R;krwup vusd dqGkph dqyfpUgs

Eg.kwu likZpk okij >kysyk vkgs o gksrks vkgs-

vkfÝdk vkf.k vkf’k;k ;k [kaMke/;s likZpk laca/k gk

vkRE;k’kh tksMyk tkrks- iwoZ vkfÝdsrhy elkbZ ;k tekrhe/;s

vkRek gk pSrU;kps Lo:i vkgs- R;kp cjkscj izk.kkph thou nsork gh

649

likZP;k Lo:ikr iwtyh tkrs- e`R;wuarj rh iwtyh tkrs- feysusfl;Ul

gs vkiys iwoZt likZP;k :ikr vksG[krkr- R;keqGs dqyfpUg Eg.kwu

likZpk mi;ksx dsyk tkrks- phue/khy ijhdFkkae/;s e`R;wuarj ekuo gk

likZP;k :ikr iqUgk tUe ?ksrks- ;qjksie/;s v’kh letwr vkgs dh-

vkRek gk likZP;k :ikrp ‘kjhjkpk R;kx djhr vlrks- e`R;wuarjp

uOgs rj LoIukr ns[khy liZ gk iwoZtkaP;k Lo:ikr ;srks- vusd

foeqDr tekrhae/;s vlk fo’okl vkgs dh] iwoZtkapk vkRek gk likZr

lekfo”V >kysyk vlrks- rks vkiY;k oa’ktkP;k ?kjkps j{k.k djrks-

ekuoh fodklkP;k uok’e ;qxhu dky[kaMkr ÝkUle/;s

iwoZtkafo”k;hP;k vusd izFkk izpfyr gksR;k- R;ke/;s T;k ?kjkae/;s liZ

fuokl djrks] rks liZ R;k dqGkrhy izFke iwoZtkpk va’k vlrks- jkseu

laLd`rhr liZ gk dqVqackrhy ?kVd Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkrks- izkphu

xzhde/;s FkMX;kaP;k Hkksorh liZfpUg uksanoys tkr vlr- dkG;k

leqnzkP;k mÙkjsyk jkg.kkÚ;k flfFk;u tekrhe/;s VkfXkZVkWl ;k nsoiq=kyk

tks v/kZekuo vkgs vkf.k fyij gh v/kZukxh.k vkgs] tynsork vkgs-

frps oa’kt ekurkr- ekuoh fodklkP;k izkjaHkhP;k voLFkse/;s ekuo

gk likZP;kp :ikr tUekyk vkyh v’kh letwr vkgs- vkWLVsªfy;u

tekrhe/;s panzkyk R;kapk iwoZt eku.;kph izFkk vkgs- rSokuP;k iwoZsyk

vl.kkÚ;k iSoku ;k izkarkr Lor%yk ‘kaHkj ikoykaP;k likZps oa’kt

eku.;kph izFkk vkgs- n- vkfÝdsrhy >qyw ;k tekrhr likZyk iwoZt

eku.;kph izFkk vkgs- dkj.k liZ gk i`Fohpk fuekZrk vkgs-

nf{k.k&if’pe vkf’k;k [kaMkr liZjkKh gh vusd dqGkaph fuekZrh

vkgs] v’kh letwr vkgs-325 dWMEl gk likZlg vlrks- R;kpcjkscj

,fjt ¼esa<k½ cjkscj lq)k vlrks- R;kpcjkscj liZ vkf.k esa<k ;kus

R;kyk laj{k.k fnysys vlrs- dWMEl R;kauk ekjrks o Lor%ps nkr

tfeuhe/;s ?kqlorks- Fkscu tekrhps iwoZt gs R;kyk LikVhZP;k Lo:ikr

cksyor vlrkr- dWMEl gk ,fjtyk likZyk ekj.;klkBh enr djhr

650

vls- gkeksZfu;k ;k eqyhyk ftad.;klkBh dWMEl gk eR;Z tho gksrks-

R;kph bPNk nsorsyk iRuh cuo.;kph gksrh-326

3-34 dqy] dqyfpUg vkf.k nsod %

ekuokP;k tSfod] vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lkaLd`frd xjtkaph iwrZrk

dj.;klkBh dks.krsgh jälaca/kkf/k”Bhr lewg vfLrRokr vlrkr-

^dqy* ;k la?kVuspk ik;k gkp vkgs- ^dqVqac* ;k lewgkr irh&iRuh o

R;k nksgksaP;k larrhpk lekos’k gksrks- rj dsoG vkbZdMwu vxj dsoG

ofMykadMwu vl.kkÚ;k vkIrkapk lekos’k dqy ;k xVkr gksrks- ;k

rÙokyk vuql:u ekuo’kkL=h; xzaFkkr O;k[;k dsyh tkrs- rh v’kh]

^dqy Eg.kts ,drQhZ] ,dkp cktwP;k oa’kekfydsus fuf’pr >kysY;k

L=h&iq#”kkapk lewg gks;- v’kk lewgkrhy lnL;kaP;k eukr

,desdkacíy vkiqydhph o tckcnkjhph Hkkouk vlrs- dqykph izFkk

v|kigh lkekU;r% loZ= fo’ks”kRokus vkfne lektkr vk<Grs*-

dqykph mRiÙkh ,dk iwoZtkiklwu >kyh vls ekuys tkrs- gk

iwoZt ekuo] ekuoln`’; izk.kh] ouLirh vxj futhZo oLrwgh vlw

‘kdrs- vls vkfnoklh tekrhae/;s eku.;kr ;srs- ;kykp nsod

vFkok dqyfpUg vls Eg.krkr- izR;sd dqykps dqyfpUg fujkGs vlrs-

dqylnL;kapk dqyfpUgkdMs ikg.;kpk n`f”Vdksu vknjkpk vlrks-

dqyfpUgkps iwtugh dsys tkrs- FkksMD;kr leku nsod] leku

olfrLFkku] leku iwoZtkaojhy fo’okl ;keqGs ,desdka’kh c)

vlysY;k O;ähapk cfgfoZokgh lewg Eg.kts dqy-327

dqyfpUg Eg.kts vkfne tuthoukrhy ,d lkekftd laLFkk-

dqyfpUgkpk ^nsod* vlkgh mYys[k dsyk tkrks- dqyfpUg izFksps

lokZr egÙokps oSf’k”VÓk Eg.kts] izk.;kiklwu fdaok oLrwiklwu vkiyh

mRiÙkh >kyh vkgs] vls Eg.kwu R;k izk.;k’kh vkiyk xw< laca/k

eku.ks- R;kyk vkiyk iwoZt letwu R;kph iwtk dsyh tkrs- R;kps

ekal [kk.ks fuf”k) vlrs o dqyfpUg ekuysY;k izk.;kph gR;k dsyh

651

tkr ukgh- yXudk;kZnh eaxy izlaxh dqyfpUgkaph iwtk dsyh tkrs-

vkiY;k ?kjk.;kpk j{k.kdrkZ rksp vkgs] vls ekuwu R;kP;kcíy

vknjHkko ckGxyk tkrks- ,dp nsod vl.kkÚ;k L=h&iq#”kkr

fookglaca/k gksÅ ‘kdr ukghr-

dqyfpUg Eg.kwu ekuys xsysys izk.kh] o`{k vkf.k brj oLrw

iq<hy izek.ks vkgsr- dkaxk:] ukx] eksj] dcwrj] flag] ok?k] gÙkh]

oMkps >kM] ukxosyhps iku] macj] cksj] vkack] dqÚgkM] ryokj] <x]

pkan.kh b- dqyfpUg ekuys tkrkr- dqyfpUg izFksyk /keZlaLFksps Lo:i

izkIr >kysys ulys rjh /keZlaLFksps dkgh ?kVd ;k izFksr vkgsrp-

fo’ks”kr% ;krqfo|s’kh dqyfpUg izFkspk fudVpk laca/k vlyk ikfgts-

iwoZtiwtk] e`rkRE;kojhy fo’okl] ,[kk|k fnO; ‘kähps vfLrRo

eku.ks ;k loZ xks”Vha’kh dqyfpUg izFksps /kkxsnksj tqGrkr- oa’kijaijsus gs

fpUg ,dk fi<hdMwu nqlÚ;k fi<hdMs laØfer gksrs- ,[kknh O;äh

vkf.k ,[kknk izk.kh vFkok ouLirh ;kapk laca/k O;fäxr ikrGhojgh

vlw ‘kdrks- v’kk izdkjps dqyfpUg O;ähyk dkgh vykSfdd v’kh

‘käh izkIr d:u nsrs] vlk let vkgs-

dqyfpUg izFksP;k mRiÙkhfo”k;h vusd fl)kar ekuo’kkL=Kakuh

izfriknu dsysys vkgsr- dqyfpUgkP;k lanHkkZr vkfne lewg tlk

fopkj djhr vlrks- R;k vuq”kaxkus dqyfpUgkph mRiÙkh >kyh vlkoh]

vls tsEl Ýs>j ekurks- ,[kknk e`rkRek fdaok fpr~’käh ckydkP;k

tUeklkBh dkj.khHkwr vlrs- ;k dYiusrwu dqyfpUgkpk fodkl >kyk

vlkok] vls izfriknu vkgs- ,fey nqj[kkbZeus rj /keZlaLFksph mRiÙkhp

dqyfpUg izFksr vkgs] vls lkafxrys vkgs- ekuoh lewgkr ifo= vkf.k

vifo= v’kk dYiuk dqyfpUgkP;k lanHkkZr fuekZ.k gksrkr- R;krwup

iq<s /keZlaLFkspk fodkl >kyk] vls R;kps er vkgs- ysOgh MªkÅlus

dqyfpUg izFksps foospu osxG;kp i/nrhus dsys vkgs- fulxkZrhy oLrw

vkf.k lkaLd`frd thou ;kaP;k ijLij lkE;koj uOgs] rj oS/kE;kZoj

652

dqyfpUg izFkk vk/kkjysyh vkgs] vls rks Eg.krks- lkaLd`frd thoukr

ts m.ks vkgs] rs fulxZ’kähe/;s fdaok fulxkZRkhy oLrwae/;s ‘kks/kys

tkrs] vls R;kyk okVrs-328 nqxkZckbZ HkkxorkaP;k ers] ßfof/kdYikpk

eq[; vk/kkj nsodp vlrs- Hkwrkarwup nSors tUekyk vkyh- rh nSors

tekrh; o LFkkfud vlrkr- fdacgquk R;kaps ,dhdj.k ,dkp uSfrd

lekt O;oLFksrwu gksrs-Þ329 nsodka’kh dqGkpk jälaca/k fdaok dkgh xw<

_.kkuqca/k vlkok] v’kh dYiuk vkgs- vusd vkfnoklh tekrhr

vla[; dqyukes fdaok xks=ukes fujfujkG;k nsodkao:u ?ksrysyh

vkgsr- R;k nsodkapk /kekZ’kh Qkjlk laca/k ulwu] R;kapk mxe dkgh

fo’ks”k izlaxkr lkiMrks- ,dk eqykoj ukxkus Q.kk /kjyk Eg.kwu

R;kP;k dqGkyk ukx gs uko izkIr >kys- dkykarjkus ;k nsodkapk R;k

yksdkaP;k /kkkfeZd o lkekftd thoukoj izHkko iMw ykxyk- nsodkph

dYiuk txkr loZ= izpfyr vkgs- vls dkgh iafMr ekurkr- dsoG

vkfnoklh yksdp uOgsr rj lsesfVd vk;Z] bftI’kh;u gs yksdgh

nsods ekuhr gksrs] vls R;kaps er vkgs- eksgksatnMks ;sFkhy izkphu

vo’ks”kkargh nsodiwtsph y{k.ks dkgh ‘kkL=Kkauk vk<Gyh vkgsr-330

dqykph vf/k”Bk=h nsork Eg.kts dqynSor- fganw dqVqackrhy

nsOgkÚ;kr dqynsorsyk e/;orhZ LFkku vlrs- izlaxkuqlkj brj nsork

nsOgkÚ;kr vlY;k rjh R;kr dqynsorsps LFkku vf/kd Js”B vlrs-

dqykrhy /kkfeZd vkpkj] ijaijk] eaxy fo/kh gs dqynsorsP;k izhR;FkZ

ikGys tkrkr- dqynsork gh ijaijsus izkIr >kysyh vlrs vkf.k

dqylewgkph j{k.kdrhZ Eg.kwu frpk eku Bsoyk tkrks- iq=tUe]

fookg] dqykpkj] dqy/keZ ;k izlaxh dqynsorsph izfr”Bkiuk dsyh

tkrs- dk;Zfl)hlkBh frpk vk’khokZn ekfxryk tkrks- thoukrhy

cÚ;kokbZV ?kVuk] lq[knq%[k] vktkj ;k izlaxh frpk vk/kkj ‘kks/kyk

tkrks- ladVdkGh frus j{k.k djkos Eg.kwu dqynsorsyk vkokgu dsys

tkrs-

653

d`f”klaLd`rhP;k mn;kuarj vusd nsork fuekZ.k >kysY;k vlY;k

rjh] d`f”kiwoZ thoukrhy ifo= ekuY;k xsysY;k dkgh dqyfpUgkauk

ns[khy nsorkaps LFkku izkIr >kys- Hkkjrkr iwtY;k tk.kkÚ;k ukx] x#M

;k dqyfpUgkapk ;k lanHkkZr mYys[k djrk ;sbZy- vkrk Hkw nsorsyk

egÙokps LFkku izkIr gksÅ ykxys gksrs o frpsp fujfujkG;k :ikr

iwtu gksr gksrs-331

MkW-l-jk- xkMxhGkaP;k ers] ßizR;sd VksGhe/;s vusd dqGh

vlrkr- ;k dqGh Lor%yk ,dk oa’kkP;k letrkr- vkiY;k dqykpk

mn~xe ,[kknh ouLirh] i’kw] vxj i{kh ;kaiklwu >kyk vkgs- v’kk

J)sus R;k dqGhrhy loZ yksd R;k ouLirhyk i’kwyk vxj i{;kyk

iwT; ekurkr- rks i’kw] i{kh vxj ouLirh R;k dqykps VkWVse gks;-

VkWVse o:up dqyukes izkIr >kysyh vlrkr- vkiY;k dqGkph larrh

ok<koh- R;k iwT; izrhdinkFkkZph le`)h Ogkoh o vkiY;k dqGkps

ladVkiklwu j{k.k Ogkos ;k Hkkousus R;k iwT; oLrwps vusd lekjaHk

fdaok mRlo rh dqGs djhr vlrkr- R;k izrhdkaP;k tkrhph oLrw]

izk.kh fdaok ouLirh ekjko;kph ukgh fdaok [kko;kph ukgh vFkok

lekjaHkkus fdaok fo/khusp [kko;kph fdaok ekjko;kph vlk fucZa/k

dlks’khus ikGyk tkrks- LodqGkrhy yksd dq++«;kps ekal oT;Z ekurkr-

ukx dqGkrhy yksd ukxkyk ekj.kkj ukghr- ;kr vkfne /kkj.kk fnlwu

;srs-Þ332 o`”kHk/ot] o`”kdsru] f}ftOg] xtonu ;k loZ ukokao:u ;k

x.kkrhy yksdkaps dqyy{k.k fpUg /;kukr ;srs- T;kaph dqyy{k.k nSors

o`”kHk] ukx] xt gs izk.kh vkgsr vls vusd x.k vlkosr- R;kauh

x.kirh ;k nsorspk gÙkh ;k VkWVse’kh laca/k yko.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk

vkgs-

ukx gs vusd dqGkaps nsod vkgs- vktgh vo’ks”k :ikr ;kps

izR;arj ;srs- ejkBk o egkj lektkrhy fdR;sd dqykae/;s ukx gk

nsod Eg.kwu iwtyk tkrks- HkxV vkf.k lViky ;k dqGkaps nsod ukx

654

gsp vkgs-333 ?kjkrhy dks.kR;kgh eaxydk;kZizlaxh vxksnj nsodkph

iwtk dsyh tkrs-

,[kk|k nsodkpk vH;kl djrkuk izkphu tkrhtekrhP;k

J)kfo’okpk o izFkk ijaijkpk vH;kl djkok ykxrks- gs nsod vusd

tkrh tekrhauh Lohdkjysys vlrs- gs R;kaP;krhy lk/kkE;Z vlrs-

fo’ks”kr% rdkZP;k ikrGhoj tkÅu R;kaP;krhy lkgp;Z laca/k izLFkkfir

djrk ;srks- MkW- fo’oukFk [kSjs ;kaP;k ers] ßeqGkr ,[kk|kp dqGkps

fdaok tkrhps vlysys nSor R;kpk iMrkGk ;sÅu fdaok vk.k[kh

dkgh dkj.kkauh vusd tkrhps fdaok lkÚ;k lektkps gksÅu tkrs-

R;krY;k R;kr izkphu iqjkO;ako:u rs ewGps dks.kkps ;kpk vankt

djkok ykxrks-Þ334 ukx nsodkph vkfnerk ‘kks/krkuk tekrhaP;k

izFkk&ijaijkapk ‘kks/k ?;kok ykxrks- Hkkjrkr loZ= v’kk tkrh tekrh

dkGkP;k vks?kkr LFkykarjhr >kysY;k vkgsr- pkSgku gh NRrhlx<

Hkkxkrhy ,d tkr- gs pansy ;k ukokusgh vksG[kys tkrkr- gs

Lor%yk jktiwr oa’kkps Ekkurkr- ;kaP;krhy cgqrsssssssssd dqGkaph ukos ukx]

usojk] dksfYg;k] [kkaM b- nsodkao:u iMyh vkgsr-335 jks.k gh

vksfMlkP;k MksaxjkG Hkkxkr jkg.kkjh ,d tkr- vksfMlkrhy ,d eksBk

;ks)k j.kftr ;kaps vkEgh oa’kt vkgksr vls rs ekurkr- lw;Z]

vLoy] eklk] ok?k] ukx v’kh jks.kkaph nsods vkgsr-336 ckslafr;k gh

vksfMlkP;k xatke ftYgÓkkrhy ,d tkr- gs yksd eqGkr clarh jaxkpk

O;kikj djhr gksrs- ;kaP;kr ukxf’kj ¼ukx½] dksfpeks ¼dklo½ b- nsods

izpfyr vkgsr-337 isafr; gh nf{k.k Hkkjrkrhy ,d tkr- ;k tkrhps

yksd Lor%yk gksywo fdaok gGck vlsgh Eg.krkr- gs yksd rfeGukMw

e/;s jkgrkr- gs yksd ‘ksrh djrkr- ;kaP;kr dq:e ¼dweZ½] Hkkx

¼ok?k½] ukx] lw;Z v’kh vusd nsods vkgsr- rs dkfeYyh uked

nsorsph iwtk djrkr-338 xMfj;k gh esa<ikG tekr vkgs- ;kaph oLrh

eq[;Ros e/; izns’k o mÙkj izns’k ;k jkT;kr vk<Grs- ;kauk xMsjh

655

vlsgh Eg.krkr- xa/kkj] xkMj rlsp xaxk/kj fdaok dankgkj ;k

‘kCnko:u xMfj;k ‘kCnkph O;qRiÙkh lkaxrkr- eksfj;k ¼eksj½] cokSg;k

¼ok?k½] fgjuokj ¼gfj.k½] lQ ¼lki½] Qqylaq?k ¼Qwy½ b- nsods

R;kaP;kr vkgsr- dslfj;k nsodkps yksd fioG;k ?kksM;koj clr

ukghr o Qqylqa/kk nsodkps yksd Qqykpk okl ?ksr ukghr-339 dkfyanh

Mkse gh if’pe caxkye/khy Mksackaph ,d iksVtkr- dyw o y{eh ;k

Mkse nairhps vki.k oa’kt vkgksr] vls gs ekurkr- ;kaP;kr dPNi]

lafMy ¼cSy½] ukx] ‘ka[k b- nsods vkgsr- gs yksd liZna’kkiklwu

cpko gks.;klkBh eulk nsohph iwtk djrkr- ;kpk lkekftd ntkZ

fu”d`”V vkgs-340 fugky tkrhps yksd e/; izns’kkr vk<Grkr- fHkYy

o dksjdw ;kaP;k laca/kkiklwu cuysyh gh lafeJ tkr vlY;kps

lkaxrkr- ;k tkrhr vusd dqGs vkgsr- ukxosy ;k dqGkps yksd

ukxkyk o foM;kP;k ikukyk iwT; ekurkr- lwjt dqGkrhy yksd

lw;kZph iwtk o rféfeÙk miokl djrkr- dkl dqGkps yksd dklokph

iwtk djrkr o dk’kkP;k rkVkrp tsorkr-341 dksYVk gh tkr

vksfMlkrhy lacyiwj ftYgk o e/; izns’kkpk dkgh Hkkx ;kr

vk<Grs- gs o`Ùkhus ‘ksrdjh vkgsr- ;kaP;k mRiÙkh fo”k;h vusd

nardFkk izpfyr vkgsr- pl ukokps ts yksd dqGhFk fidow ykxys-

R;kauk dksYVk gs uko iMys vlkos vls fgjkyky Eg.krkr- ;k

tkrhP;k mitkrh ukghr- ;kaph dqyukes izk.kh o oLrw ;kao:u

iMysyh vkgsr- nhi] gLrh] ukx] fiaiG] Hkkj}kt b- nsodkapk R;kauh

Lohdkj dsysyk vkgs-342 gkrh gh lkSjk”VªkrY;k dkBsokM Hkkxkrhy ,d

tekr- gh tekr tkrhus fganw vlwu rh Lokeh ukjk;.k o jkenklh

laiznk;kph vkgs- gs yksd fo”.kw o ‘kadj ;kaphgh iwtk djrkr- ukx]

pkeqaMk gh ;kaph dqynSors vkgsr- gs /;kukr ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs-343

foeqDr tkrh&tekrhae/;sp uOgs rj vkfnoklh tkrhar lq)k

^ukx* gs nsod Eg.kwu Lohdkjysys vkgs- ukxoalh gh vkfnoklhaph ,d

656

tkr vkgs- ;kaph oLrh jktLFkkukrhy >kjiwj] mn;iwj] fljxqtk b-

fBdk.kh vkgs- gs yksd jktiwr] ngkfj;k vkf.k xksaM ;kaP;k oa’kkrys

vkgsr] vls jlsyps er vkgs- rs Lor%yk lsanqfj;k ukxkaph ,d ‘kk[kk

ekurkr- R;kaps nsod ûkx* vkgs-344 eqfM;k gh e/; izns’kkP;k cLrj

ftYgÓkkrhy ,d vkfnoklh tekr- eqfM;k yksdkaps txnyiwj eqfM;k

fdaok jkt eqfM;k vkf.k >ksfj;k eqfM;k vls Hksn vkgsr- eqfM;k

yksdkr ukx] dfPNe ¼dklo½] cdjk] ok?k o eklk vls eq[; oa’k

vlwu R;kr vusd dqGÓkkapk lekos’k gksrks- ukxoa’kkrhy yksd ukxkauk]

dfPNe oa’kkrhy yksd dklokauk ekjhr ukghr- R;kapk nsod Eg.kwu

Lohdkj djrkr-345 xnc gh nf{k.k Hkkjrkrhy ,d vkfnoklh tekr-

;kaph eq[; oLrh vka/kz izns’kkrhy fo’kk[kkiê.ke~ ftYgÓkkr vkgs-

xnc Eg.kts vks>s okg.kkjk euq”;- cMks] xqVksc] ikjx] vksykj] dfFFkjh

o dkiw v’kk ;kaP;k lgk eq[; ‘kk[kk vkgsr- ;kf’kok; ts vusd

iksVHksn vkgsr- R;kauk R;kaP;k R;kaP;k nsodkaph ukos vkgsr- R;kaP;kr

xqrky ¼dq=k½] xèky ¼lki½] vaxoku ¼vLoy½] Mqax ¼dklo½] lqjaxS

¼ok?k½ b- nsods ekU;rk izkIr >kysyh vkgsr-346 ;ko:u vls

fun’kZukl ;srs dh] Hkkjrkrhy cgqrka’kh loZ tkrh&tekrhrh ûkx* gs

nsod Eg.kwu Lohdkjysys vkgs-

egkHkkjrkP;k vkfniokZr d’;ikpk lanHkZ vkysyk vkgs- d’;i

gk czãiq= efjph _”khpk iq= gksrk- n{kkus vkiY;k rsjk dU;kapk fookg

d’;ik’kh d:u fnyk gksrk- d’;ikyk vfnrhiklwu ckjk vkfnR;]

fnrhiklwu nSR;] nuqiklwu nkuo] nuk;qiklwu o`= b- tUekl vkys- dnzw

gh lq)k rsjkaiSdh ,d gksrh- dnzqiklwu d’;ikyk >kysyk iq= ukx

gksrs- ;ko:u d’;i gk ukxkapk iwoZ iq:”k gksrk vls ekuys tkr

vlkos vkf.k ;kp dkj.kkLro ukxoa’kh; yksd gs Lor%yk

d’;ixks=kps vlY;kps letr vlkos-

657

nsohizlkn pVksik/;k; ;kauh ^yksdk;r* ;k xzaFkkr xks=

ladYiusph mRiÙkh lkafxryh vkgs- rs fyfgrkr]^This is strongly

reminiscent of the vedic use of the word gotra, which meant the

exogamous clans in which the vedic people were organized. As

occurring in the Rig Veda it also meant the cow-stall. Indra opened

the cow-stall (gotra) for the Angirasas, Brihaspati, with the

assistance of Indra, released the cows from the cow-stall hidden

behind the mountain; Indra looted the cow-stall of the aliens for the

benefit of his own tribesmen; and so on. According to the

Nighantu, again the same word gotra also meant prithivi or the

world. Evidently, the early Vedic people knew their clans by their

cow-stalls or their cow-stalls by their clans and the cow-stalls, like

the cows, meant the whole world for them*347

;kpk vFkZ xks= ladYiuspk laca/k gk _XoSfnd dky[kaMkiklwu

vkgs- v=h] vafxjl] mieU;w] d’;i] dqRl] dksSfMU;] dkSf’kd] xkX;Z]

xkSre] tkenXU;] uS/kqzo] ikfFkZo] cknjk;.k] HkkxZo] Hkkj}kt] eqUny]

yksfgrk{k] oRl] ofl”B] oSU;] oS’okfe=] ‘kkf.MY;] ‘kkyk{k v’kh

fofo/k xks=s vkgsr- fganw lektkrhy izR;sd dqVqackpk laca/k gk

dks.kR;kukdks.kR;k xks=k’kh ;srks- fo- dk- jktokMsaP;k ers] ßtkfrc)

naiR;kaP;k ÅQZ dqVqackP;k cgqla[;sus dqGs fdaok xks=s curkr o vusd

dqGs feGwu tkrh gksrs- vkikfrd naiR;kiklwu fdaok dqVqackiklwu

dqGÓkk fdaok xks=s gksr ukghr o tkrhgh gksr ukgh- R;keqGs vk;sZrj

lekt Eg.kts Qä vusd dqVqackpk ,d lewg gksrks o vk;Z lekt

Eg.kts vusd tkrhapk ,d lewg gksrks- lektjpusP;k dkeh vk;sZrj

lektkr dqVqaclaLFksps vFkok naiR;laLFksps g;kgwu tkLr dk;Z ukgh-

dks.krkgh ns’k ?ksryk rjh dkgh dqVqacs fdok naiR;s feGwu ikMk gksrks-

dkgh ikM;kapk xko gksrks- dkgh xkokapk izkar gksrks o dkgh izkar feGwu

loZ ns’k gksrks- ,dk dqVqacklkj[kh fdaok naiR;klkj[kh nqljh loZ dqVqacs

658

fdaok naiR;s vlrkr- naiR;laLFksps ,dp ,d dk;Z Eg.kts iztksRiknu-

vk;sZrj lektkr nqlÚ;k dks.kR;kgh dk;kZdfjrk naiR;laLFkk ulrs-

R;kgwu fujkGk izdkj vk;Z lektkr vk<Gwu ;srks- vk;Z lektkr

fdR;sd naiR;s feGwu xks= fdaok dwG gksrs- fdR;sd dqGs feGwu tkrh

gksrs- fdR;sd tkrh feGwu xzke gksrks- fdR;sd xzkekapk izkar curks o

fdR;sd izkarkpk lcan ns’k ?kMrks- ,.ksaizek.ks vk;Z lektkr xks=s ÅQZ

dqGs o tkrh R;kaps ?kVd gks.;kps dk;Z naiR; laLFksyk djko;kps

vlrs- gs dk;Z vk;sZrj lektkr naiR;laLFkk djhr ukgh-348 xks=kph

fufeZrh gh vk;Z lektkphp ns.k Eg.kkoh ykxrs-

ukxoa’kh lekt Lor%ps xks= dk’;i Eg.kforks- xks= gs fir`iz/kku

vlkos- nSR;] nkuo] nso] ukx] lqi.kZ gh d’;ikphp larrh

vlY;keqGs lokZapsp xks= dk’;i Eg.krk ;srs- Eg.ktsp vf[ky

ekuotkrhpsp xks= dk’;i Eg.kkos ykxrs- rhFkZadj ik’oZukFk gk

cq)kiwohZ b-iw- 9 O;k ‘krdkr gksÅu xsyk- dk’khjktk cãnÙkkP;k

ukxoa’kkr ik’oZukFkkpk tUe >kyk vlY;keqGs rks ukxoa’kh gksrk

vkf.k R;kpsgh xks= dk’;i vlY;kps EgVys tkrs- tSukaps pksfolkos

rhFkZadj egkohj tSu gs {kf=; vlwu ns[khy dk’;i xksf=; gksrs vls

lanHkZ feGrkr-349 ckS) /kehZ; tkrddFkkae/;s ns[khy

^egkukjn&dLli tkrd* ukokph ,d tkrddFkk vkgs- R;kr dk’;i

xks=kpk mYys[k ;srks-^fp=dFkh dk’;ixks=h rks x.khgh xq.koarjs* vlk

rks mYys[k vkgs-350 jkek;.kkP;k ckydkaMkrhy loZ lkr rs pkSnk ;k

lxkZae/;s dk’;i xks=kpk mYys[k ;srks-351 czkã.kkae/;s dksd.kLFk

czkã.k] ns’kLFk czkã.k] dÚgkMs czkã.k] nso#[ks czkã.k v’kk fofo/k

mitkrh laHkorkr- ;k lokZae/;s dk’;i xks=h dqGs vki.kkl

ikgko;kl feGrkr- dksd.kLFk czkã.kkae/;s Q.kls] eqtqenkj ¼iVo/kZu½]

‘kkL=h ¼iVo/kZu½ b- dqGkaph xks= dk’;i vkgs- dÚgkMs czkã.kkr

vT;s] v|s ¼vkM;s½] v;s] vloMsdj] vkBys¼Y;s½] vkMsZ¼M;sZ½]

659

vkGhoj] mik/;s] vks>jdj] vksfoMsdj] vkacMsZdj] d;kG]

d’ks¼’kk½Gdj] dkuMs] dkers¼Fks½dj] dkGs] dkGsydj] dkany.ks]

dkanY;s] fdatoMsdj] dhrZus] dqj.ks] dqydj.kh] dqoGsdj] dksGydj]

[kkaMsdj] [kqcGs] xX;s] xqtZj] xksjs] xksGoydj] p.ksdj] fpjeq¼eqZ½ys]

pkSdj] tesful] tksgkjh] Bdkj] Bkdwj] Mkaxs] Msaxosdj] rGdj]

rkVds¼xs½] rksQ[kkus] fnok.k] nqcGs] nsonk:dj] nso/kjdj] nslkbZ]

/kqidj] /kksis’ojdj] ukanxkodj] fu[kMdj] fuYgsnkj] uwydj] iVo/kZu]

iRdh] ik/;s] ijkMdj] ikaxkjdj] fiaiGs] ctsZ] codj] cgqrqys]

cku¼o½dj] cka/ksdj] cks.kdj] cksjo.kdj] Hkê¼V½] Hkkxor] eV¼r½dj]

egktuh] ekM[kksy¼r½dj] ekusdj] fejk’kh] eqtqenkj] eqGs] eqaMys]

eaMyhdj] jkXor] jktoMdj] yadk;sZ] yodk;sZ] otsZdj] ot¼tsZ½]

oMsdj] ckftojs¼dj½] ok;?k.kdj] ‘kgk.ks] f’ko¼r½dj] ‘ksacsdj]

‘ks”;sdan] Jh[kaMs] ljns’k&dqydj.kh] ljns’kikaMs] lkaxGdj] gGcs]

gqtqjcktkj b- dqGs dk’;ixks=h vkgsr- nso#[ks czkã.kkae/;s

vkacs¼M½dj] vke>jokys] vk=s] doBsdj] doMs] dkjdj ¼tks’kh½]

dkGs] [kVkodj] [kMisdj] [kjordj] xksG/ksdj ¼tks’kh½]pkQsdj

¼tks’kh½] tqcsdj] tks’kh ¼ok?kacsdj½] nhf{kr] /kke.klsdj] /kksiVdj

¼egktu½] uojaxs] fuca/ks] fuoldj] fuoGhdj] ukanqLdj] iMoG]

ikjk;.kh ¼tks’kh½] iqjkf.kd] cudj] HkV ¼’kasM;s] vkjsdj½] Hkkxor]

HkMlkoGs] HkkVysdj] eGsdj] ekanqLdj] ekxzkVdj ¼eksxjs½] eqGs] eksxjs

¼HkV½] jksMs] jktwjdj] ohjdj ¼Vkdys½] oMrdj ¼tks’kh½] ‘kgkiwjdj]

‘ksaMs] lkaoys] lqfnzd b- dqGkaps xks= dk’;i xks= vkgs- ns’kLFk _Xosnh

czkã.kkae/;s vDdy[ksMdj] vEgsokys] v;kfpr] v”Vsokys] vGrsdj]

vkpk;Z] bVdhdj b- ps xks= dk’;i xks= vkgs- xks= ,d vlys rjh

R;kaP;krhy izoj ek= fHké vkgs- dÚgkMs czkã.kkr dk’;i xks=kps izoj

^dk’;ikoRlkjkflrsfr* ¼f=izojkfUor½ vls vkgs- nso#[ks czkã.kkr

660

^dk’;ikoRlkuS/kqzosfr* ¼f=izojkfUor½ vls vkgs-352 ;ko:u czkã.kkP;k

fofo/k ‘kk[kkae/;s gs xks= ekU;rk izkIr >kysys vkgs-

vk’p;kZph ckc Eg.kts czkã.kkaizek.ksp brj tekrhae/;sgh

dk’;ixks= Lohdkjysys vkgs- rvksay gh vksfMlke/kyh ,d tekr-

vaxqy ftYgÓkkr rkyewy ukokps ts ,d xko vkgs] rs ;kaps ewyLFkku

vlwu] ;ko:u R;kauk rvksay gs uko iMys] vls Eg.krkr- ;k loZ

tekrhps ukx gs ,dp xks= vlwu dqGs ek= osxosxGh vkgsr-353 [knz

gh vksfMlk izns’kkrhy ,d tkr- ;kauk [knwj] [k:j v’kh vU; ukos

vkgsr- vkiyh mRiÙkh nsokapk f’kYidkj fo’odekZ ;kaP;kiklwu >kyh]

vls R;kaps Eg.k.ks vkgs- ;kaP;kr ukx] flag] dk’;i o dPNi v’kh

pkj xks=s vkgsr-354

ojhy foospuko:u fun’kZukl ;srs dh] ukxoa’kh;kacjkscp]

czkã.k] foeqDr tkrhtekrh] tSu /kekZrhy lekt b- uh dk’;ixks=

Lohdkjysys vkgs- fdacgquk T;kauk Lor%ps dks.kR;kgh izdkjps xks=

ekghr ulrs- rs Lor%yk ^dk’;ixks=h* Eg.kforkr- ;kpkp vFkZ

vf[ky ekuotkrhps xks= dk’;i xks= vkgs] vls Eg.krk ;sbZy-

3-35 ;krq/kekZrhy ukx izfrek %

nqxkZckbZ HkkxorkaP;k ers] /kekZps ewG tknwfo|sr vkgs-355 /kekZpk

laca/k ^vlw* izfØ;s’kh vkgs- /kekZP;k vkfne ik’oZHkwehpk fopkj djrk

dsoG e`R;wP;k fouk’kd ‘kähojp folac.ks ;ksX; gks.kkj ukgh- ;k

vHkokRed fouk’kh ‘kähgwu fHké vl.kkjh i.k frP;k’khp v[kaM

lac) vlysyh v’kh ,d HkkokRed thounk;h ‘käh jle; fdaok

/kkrqe; vlwu rh izR;sd izk.;kr o oLrwr Bjkfod izek.kkr vlrs]

vls izkphu ekuodqykr x`ghr /kjys tkr vls- ;k ‘kähyk

;qjksHkkjrh;kauh ^vlw* vls uko fnys gksrs- ^vlw* ;k izk.k’kähpk

^;krw* fdaok ^ek;k* ;k vn~Hkqr dk;Zdkjh ‘käha’kh feykQ >kyk gksrk-

nkaMsdjkaP;k ers] ßloZ fo’oO;kikj vkf.k /kkj.kk gh ekuoh dYiukrhr

661

v’kk ,dk ‘kähP;k ;ksxs gksr vlrkr- gh ‘käh Eg.kts ,d eWftd

iksVsUl ¼;kRokRed ‘käh½ vkgs vkf.k rh dsoG dYiuk:i vewrZ

ulwu izR;{k jle; vkgs- ;k lanHkkZr ^;krw* ‘kCn okijyk vkgs- nso]

ekuo] i’kw vkf.k fo’okrhy brj oLrw ;k lokZae/;s gk ;kRokRed

jl vlrks vkf.k R;keqGsp R;k lokZaps /kkj.k o O;kikj ‘kD; gksrkr-

gk jl Eg.kts loZ izdkjP;k thoukps lkjp gks;-Þ356 MkW-l-jk-

xkMxhGkaP;k ers] ßfof’k”V ea= vkf.k fo/kh ;kaP;k lkgkÓ;kus gh ‘käh

ok<fork vFkok deh djrk ;srs- izkFkfed ekuokP;k ;k J)srwup

R;kpk /keZfopkj vFkok vpwd cksyko;kps oj ;krqfopkj LQwjyk-

ea=ksPpkj;qä fØ;sP;k lkgkÓÓkkus vkiY;k fBdk.kps ;kRokRed lkeF;Z

ok<owu fulxkZoj izHkqRo feGork ;srs- v’kh R;kph J)k gksrh-Þ357

R;krwup rks fulxkZoj vf/kiR; xktow ykxyk- txnh’kizlkn JhokLro

;kaP;k ers] ß;krq vkKkFkZd gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] pyh tk,] ;kuh og

fdlh pht dks lh/ks vius y{; rd Hkst ns.ks dh ‘kfä j[krk gqvk

izrhr gksrk gS! og vius ea=ks eas ;krq tSlk gh dqN mPPkkj.k Hkh

djrk gS A fu’;p gh ;g tknw ds {ks= dh ckr gS] ftlds }kjk

vkLFkk o yksdeaxy dh mnkj Hkkouk ds vHkko esa nwljksa dk vfu”V

Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS AÞ358 ;ko:u ;krq/keZ gk dk;Zdkj.kHkkokP;k

vKkukoj mHkk vlwu rks vKku xGwu iMrkp /keZgh fujk/kkj gksrks- fo-

dk- jktokMs ;kauh /kekZP;k vH;klkps okLro vkf.k Hkzkar lk/kus vls

oxhZdj.k dsysys vkgs vkf.k yksdlaLd`rh’kh fuxfMr ckchapk ;k Hkzkar

lk/kukr lekos’k gksrks- ea=Hkk”kk] ea=xku] rksMX;kauk ljG] oØ o

ukxeksMh js”kk] ;a=s] LofLrd] MkSj] dqMcqMs ;kalkj[kh ok|s] jk{kl]

fdéj] nso] nkuo] iqjk.ks] ekgkRE;s] osrkG] Le’kku] [kaMksck]

vaxfo{ksi] fiaxk] vaxkr ;sÅu ukp.ks] ckgqyh] dGlw=] iwtsph lk/kh

midj.ks] nxMkph] ykdMkph Nijs] FkMxh b- pk lekos’k Hkzkar

662

lk/kukr gksrks- f’kok; osxosxGÓkk izdkjph o`{k] R;kojhy ;{k] nsoGs]

/ot] vu?kM f’kGk b- pkgh R;kr lekos’k gksrks-359

MkW-nqxkZckbZ HkkxorkaP;k ers] ß/keZ o tknw ;k nksgksrgh ea=kpk o

rksMX;kapk vk<G gksrks- tknwpk ea= fdaok rksMxk d/kh Lor%P;k

eaxykph dkeuk dj.kkjk rj d/kh Lor%P;k ‘k=wP;k uk’kkph dkeuk

dj.kkjk vlrks- ,dkp vkjk/; nSorkyk mís’kwu izkFkZuk] vkReeaxy o

ijuk’k lk/k.kkjs Qfyr T;kr visf{kr vlrs] vls ea= vk<Grkr-

/kekZps fu”ks/kkRed gs vax vlrs- R;kyk iwjd vls dk;Z rs vfHkpkfjd

ea= fdaok rksMxs djhr vlrkr- ,dp ea= dY;k.kizn fo/khyk tksMyk

rj rks ‘kqHk ekuyk tkrkss( ijarq rksp ea= tj fo/khrY;k fØ;k cnywu

fdaok myV EgVyk rj v’kqHk gksrks- Eg.kwu ra= okM~-e;kr chtk{kj

;qä ea= okijysys vk<Grkr- v{kjkaP;k ?kê cka/k.khr rs cloysys

vlrkr-360

MkW-txnh’k izlkn JhokLro ;kaP;k ers] ß;g /kkj.kk dqN de

egÙoiw.kZ ugha fd vkfne lekt esa tknw] foKku vkSj /keZ feys tqys

Fks vkSj mudh Lora= lÙkk dh igpku dkQh le; ds ckn gqbZ A

izkxSfrgkfld dky ds ekuo tc thou fo/kh&laca/kh vius ekunaMks

ds izfrdwy vifjfpr vFkok foy{k.k izFkkvksa] vuq”Bkuksa vkSj rRlac/kh

vO;k[;s; ifj.kkeksa ls Vdjkrs Fks] rks os mUgsa izk;% gh tknqbZ dg

fn;k djrs Fks A ea= dk laca/kgh peRdkj vkSj Vksus&VksVdsls gS A ea=

dk vFkZ eSftd QkewZyk gksrk gS A ea= esa v’kq) mPPkkj.k mi;qä ugh

gS A yksdijaijk esa izpfyr vkSj rkaf=dksa ls lac) ea= ds ;krq/kkfeZd

i{k dk ewy izkXoSfnd f’koksikluk esa gS A izeq[k chtea=ks dk mn~Hko

f’ko ls ekuk tkrk gS A nsohizlkn pêksik/;k; dk dguk gS fd lHkh

ra=xzaFkks dk cwfu;knh n`f”Vkdks.k ;kSuijd fcacfo/kku ls xzg.k gqvk gS

vkSj ;s xzaFkikB tknw ds izcy rÙoksa ls vksrizksr gS A Ýstj dk dguk

gS fd blesa lkn`’; vkSj lEc)rk ds lgkjs oSpkfjd laxfr ls tqMh

663

gqbZ euksizfØ;k dk Hkzked mi;ksx iz/kku gksrk gS A bu tknqbZ izfØ;ksavks

dk ewy vkfne vkLFkkvksa es gS A vius vkfne ekufldrk dk

vo/kkj.kkRed i{k thfor gS A jkWdus frCCkrh ifjokj ds uk[kh yksxksa

ds ijaijkxr fo’okl vkSj mudh jksxksipkj dh ekaf=d fof/k dk tks

gokyk fn;k gS ] og bl n`f”V ls egÙoiw.kZ gks ldrk gS A uk[kh

tkfr dh ijaijkxr ekU;rk ds vuqlkj l`f”V vkjaHk esa ukxksa vkSj

euq”;ksa esa foHkkftr Fkh] fdUrq ckn esa os ijLij ‘k=q gks x;s A ukxksa us

Øks/ko’k lalkj dks O;kf/k;kas] ckWa>iu rFkk lHkh izdkj ds Dys’kksa ls

ifjiw.kZ vkSj ihfMr dj Mkyk A ukx euq”;ksa dh vkRekvksa dks pqjk

ldrs gS vkSj mUgs chekj dj ldrs gS A ;fn mUgs deZdk.M ds }kjk

iz’kfer ugh fd;k tkrk] rks mudk f’kdkj ¼chekj euq”;½ ij tkrk gS

A iqjksfgr&vks>k viuh ekaf=d ‘kfä;ksa ls ukxksa dks mu vkRekvksa dks

eqä djus ds fy, foo’k dj ldrs gS ftUgs mUgksaus pqjk;k gS vkSj

dSn dj fy;k gSA ukxksa dks dsoy ekaf=d gh ijkLr dj ldrk gS]

D;ksa fd feFkdh; dky esa izFke ekaf=d VksEck us x#M dh lgk;rk lsa

ukxksa ij igyk vkØe.k fd;k Fkk A jksxksipkj dk deZdk.M bl

izkDl`f”Vdkyhu ?kVuk ds fu”BkiwoZd ikB esa gh uhfgr gS A jkWd ds

}kjk vuqfnr ikB dk ;g ckr crkrk gS fd ;fn x#M ds mn~Hko dk

lUnHkZ.k ugha gksxk] rks mldh ppkZ ugh dh tkuh pkfg, A vr%

vks>k x#M dh mRifÙk dk feFkd dgrk gS A og ckrkrk gS fd fdl

izdkj dSyk’k ioZr ij tknqbZ fØ;k ls v.Ms fufeZr gq, vkSj muls

x#Mksa dk tUe gqvk] tks ckn esa ukxksa }kjk mRié O;kf/k;ksa ls ekuoksa

dks cpkus ds fy, /kjrh ij vk;s A x#Mksa dh mRifÙk ls iwoZ fo’o

jpuk ds ea= dk ikB gksrk gS AÞ361 ;ko:u ;krw vkf.k vkfne lekt

;kapk ijLij laca/k m?kM gksrks-

;tqosZnke/;s likZps vusd mYys[k feGrkr- ^;tw* Eg.kts

T;kP;k ;ksxkus loZ ,df=r tqGysys vlrs rs gks;- lkeosnh R;kph

664

lkeosn Eg.kwu mikluk djrkr- dkj.k lke Eg.kts le & ,d:i

gks;- R;kaP;ke/;s gs fo’o ,d:i >kys vkgs- _Xosnh R;kph ^mDFk*

¼_Xosnkph lwDrs½ Eg.kwu mikluk djrkr- dkj.k gs fo’o R;kP;krwu

mRFkku ikors- tknwxkj R;kph tknw Eg.kwu mikluk djrkr- dkj.k tknw

Eg.kts fu;a=.k’käh gks;- R;kus gs loZ vkiY;k fu;a=.kkr Bsoys vkgs-

liZosÙks liZ Eg.kwu] firj Lo/kk Eg.kwu] nso tufon~] nso tu Eg.kwu]

xa/koZ :i Eg.kwu o vIljk xa/k Eg.kwu R;kph mikluk djrkr- R;kph

T;k T;k :ikus dks.kh mikluk djrks- rks rsp curks-362 ;tqosZnkP;k

13 O;k v/;k;krhy 6 rs 8 O;k lwäkr liZ fo”k;d lanHkZ

lkiMrkr- ^ i`Fohoj jkg.kkÚ;k fofo/k izdkjP;k likZauk ek>k ueLdkj

vlks- R;kpizek.ks ts varfj{kkr jkgrkr- R;kaukgh eh oanu djrks-

nqlÚ;kauk =kl ns.;klkBh T;kauh rh{.k :is /kkj.k dsyh vkgsr vFkok

panuklkj[;k o`{kkaP;k vkJ;kus ts jkgrkr fdaok i`FohP;k iksVkrp

>ksiwu jkgrkr- R;k lokZauk ek>k ueLdkj vlks- vR;ar iz[kj v’kk

lw;Z fdj.kkaP;k izdk’kkr T;kauh olrh dsyh fdaok ik.;krp vkiys

LFkku Bsfoys R;k loZ likZauk ek>k ueLdkj vlks-363 ;kp xzaFkkrhy

v/;k; 16 P;k] 57 O;k lwäkrgh v’kkp lanHkkZph iqujko`Ùkh gksrs-

^‘kqHkz xksÚ;k daBkoj fuGk fBidk vl.kkjs vHkäuk’kd] ikrkGkr

jkg.kkjs :nz izR;apkjfgr vkiyh /kuq”;s lgL= ;kstus nwj Bsoksr-364

;ko:u vls /;kukr ;srs dh] ;tqosZnkP;k dkGkr ;krqizfØ;k izcG

Lo:ikr vlkoh- fo”k/kkjh likZafo”k;h fofo/k ea=;qä lwä jfpyh xsyh

vlkohr-

vFkoZosn gk osn Eg.kwu ekU; dj.;kl izeq[k oSfnd Eg.kts

_Xosnh] ;tqosZnh o lkeosnh r;kj uOgrs- i.k osnkaP;k

vykSfddRokcíy erHksn O;ä gksÅ ykxY;koj la?kfVr gks.;kdfjrk

vFkoZosnkykgh ekU;rk ns.;kr vkyh- brdsp uOgs rj ;Kizlaxh pkjh

osnkaP;k iqjksfgrkaps ts eaMG vls R;kr vFkoZosnkP;k iqjksfgrkyk

665

vxzLFkku ns.;kr vkys- vFkoZosnkr b”V o vfu”V vls nksUgh izdkjps

ea= vlY;kus b”V ea= gs ykSfdd O;ogkjkr vf/kd :< >kys vkgsr-

vfu”VkaiSdh fi’kkpkph vFkok Hkwrck/kk >kyh vlrk ea=kus R;kpk uk’k

dj.;kph dYiuk :< gksrh-365 yksdletqrh vkf.k yksdkpkj ;kaps

n’kZu vFkoZosnkr ?kMrs- vFkoZosnkrwu feG.kkjh gh ekfgrh ekuo’kkL=

vkf.k nsofo”k;d dYiukapk bfrgkl ;kaP;k vH;klkP;k n`”Vhus

egÙokph vkgs- xksiFk czkã.kkrhy mYys[kkuqlkj liZosn] fi’kkposn]

vlqjosn] bfrgkl osn vkf.k iqjk.kosn gs vFkoZosnkps ikp miosn

ekuys tkrkr-366

liZosnkrhy fofo/k liZlwäs gh ;krqizfØ;s’kh lacaf/kr vlysyh

fnlwu ;srkr- vFkoZosnkP;k prqFkZdkaMkrhy lgkos] lkros lwä liZfo”k

fo”k;d vkgs- ßr{kd ukokpk liZ czkã.k vkgs- R;kyk n’keq[ks vkgsr-

R;kus lokZaP;k vxksnj lkse izk’ku dsyk- R;kus QGkeqGkarwu gks.kkjk

fo”kizHkko ukghlk dsyk- |kS] i`Foh ;kapk tso<k foLrkj vkgs- leqnz

tso<k iljyk vkgs- rso<Ókk ifjljkrhy fo”k nwj dj.kkjh ok.kh eh

cksyrks- gs fo”kk] rqyk izFke x#Mkus Hk{k.k dsys- ikp cksVkauh eq[kkP;k

ekQZr ;k ‘kjhjkr fo”k ?kkrys] rs fo”k vkf.k ikt.kkÚ;k gkrkps lqikjh

rksMkoh] R;kizek.ks [k.Mu djrks- QGkyk ck.k ykxY;kus R;ke/;s

fuekZ.k gks.kkjs fo”k eh ea= izHkkokus nwj djrks- gs ck.kk] rq>s fo”k

fu”QG gksoks vkf.k rq>s vklu ts /kuq”; rs i.k fu”izHkkfor gksoks-

fo”k;qä vkS”k/k ns.kkjs] vaxkoj fo”k Qsd.kkjs] ik.;kr fo”k dkyfo.kkjs

vkf.k nkrkaps fo”k eh fu”izHk dsys- gs fo”k;qä vkS”k/ks] ea=kP;k izHkkokus

rw fu”izHk gksrsl- T;k ioZrkoj fo”ke; dan] ewG vkf.k QGs fuekZ.k

gksrkr- rks ioZr ns[khy fufoZ”k gksrks- lkrO;k lwäkr] ^ o`{k fuekZ.k

dj.kkÚ;k oj.kkorhps ik.kh vkeps fo”k nwj djks- ;k ik.;kr

|qyksdkarhy ve`rkpk va’k vkgs- ;k ve`Roka’kkeqGs mRié >kysys fo”k

ukghls gksrs- pkjgh fn’kkae/;s vl.kkjs fo”k ea=’kähus fu”izHk gksoks- gs

666

fo”kk] rw ‘kjhj nwf”kr djrsl- u tk.krk rqyk Hk{k.k dj.kkÚ;k iq#”kkyk

osnuk gksrkr- rw R;kps psruRo u”V d: udks] ‘kjhjkr fo”k fuekZ.k

dj.kkÚ;k ouLirhauks] /kuq”;krwu T;k izek.ks rhj lqVwu cktwyk tkrks-

R;kizek.ks rqEgh ;k nsgkrwu fo”k nwj djk- xqIrpjkizek.ks xqIri.ks ‘kjhjkr

izos’k dj.kkÚ;k fo”kk] ea=kP;k izHkkokus eh rqyk nwj djrks- Hkweh

[k.kwu dk<ysY;k vkS”k/khauks rqEgh vkiY;k LFkkuh vpy jgk- ;k

euq”;kauk ewfPNZr d: udk- rqeP;krhy fo”k vkEgh ea=’kähus nwj

djrks- fo”ke; vkS”k/khauks] rqEgkyk fufoZ”k dj.;klkBh e`xpekZP;k

ekscnY;kr rqyk KkR;k yksdkauh rq>h foØh dsyh- foØh dsysyh rw ;k

fBdk.kkgwu tk- ;k iq#”kkyk ewfPNZr d: udksl- T;k iq#”kkus ;Kkfn

deZs dsyh vkgsr- R;kps iq=ikS= u”V u gksoksr-Þ367 ikpO;k dkaMkrhy

rsjkos lwä liZfo”kuk’kue~ lwä vkgs- LoxZnsork o#.kkP;k d`isus vkf.k

R;kP;k vkKsizek.ks gs fo”k eh u”V djrks- ts fo”k ekalke/;s] Ropse/;s

vkgs- rs eh dk<wu ?ksrks- oh;kZe/khy tyka’k u”V gks.;kizek.ks gs fo”k

u”V >kys- likZaps mÙke] e/;e o dfu”B izdkjps fo”k eh dk<wu ?ksrks-

ty’kks”k.k dj.kkÚ;k fo”kkyk eh ‘kjhjkrp c) dsys vkgs- eh ekÖ;k

ea=e; ok.khus likZyk c) djrks- va/kdkjkP;k osGh lw;ksZn; >kyk

Eg.kts T;kizek.ks psruk izkIr gksrs- R;k izek.ks euq”; fo”kkiklwu eqä

gksÅu ltho gksrks- gs likZ] ekÖ;k us=kauh rqÖ;k us=krhy ‘käh vkf.k

fo”kkus fo”k ukghls djrks Eg.kts rw e`R;w iko’khy- gs fuanuh; likZ]

ekÖ;k fe=kP;k toG tkÅ udksl- gs d`”.k o.kZ] vksY;k tfeuhr

jkg.kkÚ;k rlsp HkqjdV o.kkZpk vkf.k ‘kq”d ekrhe/;s jkg.kkÚ;k likZpk

Øks/k eh mrjorks- gs likZ] rq>s ekrkfirk] ca/kw vkEgh tk.krks- rw

fuoh;Z >kyk vlY;kus vkEgkyk =kl nsÅ ‘kdr ukghl- fo’kky

o`{kkr jkg.kkÚ;k likZaph iq=h vkf.k d`”.ko.kkZ lfiZ.kh lsok djrkr-

vkiY;k nkrkauh nq%[k ns.kkÚ;k ;k likZps fo”k u”V gksoks- ioZr vkf.k

foojkarhy liZ fo”kghu gksoksr- rq>s fo”k izHkko’kwU; gksoks-368

667

lgkO;k v/;k;krhy ckjkO;k lwäkr liZfo”kkps fuokj.k

lkafxrysys vkgs- ßvarjh{k O;ki.kkÚ;k lw;kZizek.ks fdaok jk= O;kIr

dj.kkÚ;k va/kdkjkizek.ks euq”; liZfo”kkus O;kIr gksrks- rs fo”k eh ;k

vkS”k/khus u”V djrks- banzkfn nso] vxLR;&ofl”Bkfn _”khauk Kkr

vlysyh gh vkS”k/kh ea=kus czkã.kkauk izkIr gksrs- Hkwr&Hkfo”; vkf.k

orZekudkyhu nsgxr liZfo”k eh u”V djrks- xaxkfn u|k] ygku eksBs

ioZr vkf.k i#”.kh unh ‘kjhjkr LokLFk fuekZ.k djrkr- fo”kgj.k

dj.kkjs ve`r laiw.kZ nsgkoj eh f’kaiMrks- gs fo”kuk’kd e/kqj ty

rqÖ;k g`n;kyk lq[k iznku djhy-Þ369 NIiukO;k lwäkr liZlaj{k.k

lkafxrysys vkgs- ßgs fo”kuk’kd nsorkauks] rqEgkyk vkepk ueLdkj

vlks- liZ] vkEgh] vkeps iq=&ikS=] uksdjpkdj ;kauk na’k u djksr-

na’k dj.;klkBh likZps eq[k u m?kMks- d`”.ko.kZ] ‘osro.kZ] fp=fofp=

o.kkZaP;k likZauk vkf.k R;kauk fu;a=.kkr Bso.kkÚ;k nsorkauk vkepk

ueLdkj vlks-Þ370 lkrO;k dk.Mkrhy 56 O;k lwäkr fo”kkojhy

vkS”k/k lkafxrysys vkgs- ßfrj’p] dkGliZ] ukx vkf.k dadioZ uked

likZaps fo”k e/kqd uked vkS”k/kh nwj djrs- gh vkS”k/kh e/kkeqGs mRié

>kysyh vlY;kus rh egku fo”kkyk vkf.k fo”k;qä na’k dj.kkÚ;k

izk.;kyk u”V dj.;kl leFkZ vkgs- gs iq#”kk] e’kdkps fo”k ns[khy

izHkkoghu gksrs- gs czã.kLirs] gk iq#”k fo”kkP;k izHkkokeqGs laKkghu

>kyk vkgs- R;kaP;k vaxh vlysys fo”k rw nwj dj- eh ‘kdksZVd

ukokP;k lkikpk R;kP;k fo”kklfgr uk’k dsyk vkgs-Þ371 61O;k

lwäkr] ßgs fo”kk] na’k >kysY;k iq#”kkiklwu rw nwj gks- dkj.k rw lokZapk

‘k=w vkgsl- rw likZae/;s izos’k dj- rq>h T;k likZaiklwu mRiÙkh >kyh-

R;k likZapk rw uk’k dj-Þ372 ngkO;k dkaMkrhy pkSFks lwä

loZfo”knwfjdj.kEk~ lwä Eg.kwu izfl) vkgs- ;kr ßifgyk banzkpk] nqljk

nsorkapk] frljk o#.kkpk jFk vkgs- likZpk viek uked f’kokdMs

tk.kkjk jFk vkgs- gs nHkZ likZauk =klnk;d vkgsr- r#.kd vkf.k v’o

668

uked fo”kkyk rs vMFkGk djrkr- rj iq#”k uked fo”k nwj djrkr- gs

‘osr l”kZi ¼eksgjh½ rw likZps fo”k ukghls dj- gs vja?kq”k] rw ;k likZaps

fo”k fu”QG dj- gs iS} rw jFkO;kZ vkf.k iznkrw uked likZps f’kj

rksMysl- vkeph izkFkZuk vkgs- rw vkEgh T;k ekxkZaus tkrks R;k

ekxkZojhy likZauk cktwyk Qsdwu ns- tks liZ pkorks- R;kps rksaM

m?kM.kkj ukgh- vls dj] ;kfBdk.kh vlysys uj&eknh fo”k’kwU;

gksoksr- v?o’o vkf.k Lot&uked vkS”k/khus ek.klkauk ekj.;kph

bPNk dj.kkÚ;k likZauk eh ekÖ;k fu;a=.kkr Bsorks- iS} ‘kksd djhr

jkgrks- dkj.k ;k likZps fo”k banzkus R;kyk ek:u ukghls dsys vkgs-

frjkbZp o i`nkrw uked liZ ea=’kähus u”V >kys- ‘osr o d`”.k o.kZ

dfnØr liZ nHkkZeqGs u”V gksrkr- ldkdqekjh uked vkS”k/kh ioZrkr

vlrs- rh vkS”k/kh ioZrkr vlrs- rh vkS”k/kh Lot uked likZauk Bkj

djrs- i`nkdw] iznkDo] [kt] frf’pjkt] dlZ.khy vkf.k n’kksful ;k

likZauk banzkus eaxy dkj.kklkBh o’k dsys- gs likZauks rqEgkyk mRié

dj.kkÚ;kyk banzkus u”V dsys- ;k likZapk lagkj >kyk rsOgk ‘kfä’kkyh

liZ mjyk gksrk- loZ u|k ;k likZaps fo”k okgwu usoksr- moZjh uked

vkS”k/khP;k lkgkÓÓkkus eh likZps fo”k nwj djrks- lw;Z] vXuh] i`Foh]

vkS”k/kh] ik.kh vkf.k liZ ;kaP;k ;ksxs ts Hkh”k.k deZ ?kMys vkgs- rs

gohP;k :ikus eh lefiZr djrks- rkSnh vkf.k ?k`rkph eh rqeP;keqGs

fufoZ”k >kyks vkgs- brdsp uOgs rj uohu fo”k lq)k R;k cjkscj u”V

>kys- dkj.k lksekus R;kauk nwj usys- na’k dj.kkjs liZ u”V >kys-Þ373

;k fofo/k lwäkae/kwu liZ laj{k.k vkf.k liZfo”kuk’kdmik; b-

ps lanHkZ vkysys vkgs- gs loZ ;kRokRed Lo:ikps vkgsr- ;ke/;s

fofo/k nsorkaph ukos vkysyh vkgsr- ;k lwäkapkp ifj.kke dkykarjkus

yksdekulkoj >kysyk ikgko;kl feGrks- gh lwäs fo/kha’kh lacaf/kr

gksrh( ijarq dkykarjkus fo/kha’kh laca/k rqVY;koj lwäkaps :ikarj

yksdxhrkr >kys vlkos- yksdxhrkr ns[khy ea=kRedrk vuqHkork

669

;srs- ,[kknk fo/kh ikj ikfMr vlrk R;k fo/kh’kh ijaijsus tksMys

xsysys xhr EgVys ukgh rj ladV ;sbZy] v’kh ,d letwr

yksdekulkr vlrs- R;krwup v’kk Lo:ikP;k xhrkyk ea=kRedrk

;srs-

MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs ;kaP;k ers] ßliZ fo”k mrjfo.kkÚ;k ek.klkauk

ukxea=h Eg.krkr- gs ukxea=h ,dk fof’k”V pkyhoj Hktus Eg.kwu

liZfo”k mrjforkr- ;k Hktukauk ckÚ;kph Hktus vls Eg.krkr- gk ,d

oSf’k”VÓkiw.kZ izdkj vlY;kus egÙoiw.kZ vkgs- mij.ks fdaok VkWosy ;kyk

ihG ?kkywu ,d ^rksck* r;kj djrkr- fjdkE;k ?kkxjhoj BsoysY;k

,dk FkkGÓkkoj gk rksck ek:u Nuu~ Nuu~ vlk vkokt fuekZ.k

djrkr o R;kP;k BksD;koj gh Hktus EgVyh tkrkr- ukxea=h gk

vk/kh ,d pj.k Eg.krks o R;kuarj R;kps lkFkhnkj rhp vksG iqUgk

Eg.krkr- Hktukaph jpuk lk/kh o ljG vlyh rjh izR;{k Eg.krkauk

,sdY;koj ,d fujkGsp oSf’k”VÓk fuekZ.k gksrs- iqUgk iqUgk ,dp pj.k

EgaVY;kus rksprksi.kk ;srks- Hktu Eg.k.;kvk/kh fdaok Hktus pkyw

vlrkauk ukxea=h dkgh rkaf=d fØ;k djhr vlrks-Þ374 ra= vkf.k

ea=kP;k ek/;ekrwu dk;Zfl)h iw.kZ djrkr-

yksdxhrkrhy ea=kRedrk lewgeukP;k] yksdekulkP;k

fopkjfo’okph tk.kho vki.kkl d:u nsrs- yksdekulkrhy]

lewgeukrhy J)k] fopkj] thoukdMs ikg.;kph n`”Vh vkf.k

d`rh&mähpk vFkZ yko.;kph R;k eukph o`Ùkh yksdxhrkrwu vkfo”d`r

gksr vlrs- vkfne thoukpk gk ,d vo’ks”k yksdxhrkrwu fVdwu

vkgs- R;kP;k ;k dYiuk ea=kRed xhrkrwu izR;;kl ;s.ks LokHkkfod

vkgs-

;krqfo|sr ea=] rksMX;kauk vR;ar egÙokps LFkku vlrs- ea=kaps

43 izdkj vkgsr- c`gn~nsorsr ‘kkSudkus ykSfdd fo/kh Eg.kwu T;kpk

mYys[k dsysyk vkgs- rsp fo/kh tknwfo|sr ;srkr- gs fo/kh fo/khgwu

670

fHké vlrkr- ;kr vk’k;] ‘kCn o d`rh ;k fr?kkaukgh ,dlkj[ks

egÙo vlrs o frUghpk mi;ksx ,dne dsyk tkrks- R;kr dq.kkykgh

Lora= vfLrRo ukgh-375

liZfo”k;d vusd ea= yksdekulkr izpfyr vkgsr- fo’ks”kr%

/keZ’kkL=kP;k ek/;ekrwu ;k ea=kaph tksikluk dsyh tkrs- uoukxLrks=kr

uoukxkapk mYys[k dsysyk vkgs- vuar] oklqdh] ‘ks”k] iùukHk] dacy]

‘ka[kiky] /k`rjk”Vª] r{kd o dkyh; ;kauk uoukx vls Eg.krkr- gh

ukos izkr% Lej.kkr mPpkjyh tkrkr- liZfo”kkph ck/kk gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu

uoukxkaps Lej.k djkos] v’kh yksdletwr vkgs- la[;kRed ikrGhoj

gh ea=s 11] 21] 108 osGk EgVyh tkrkr( ts.ks d:u /ouhdai.k

gksÅu Hkksorkypk ifjlj ifo= gksrks- dkgh liZea= ;s.ks izek.ks vkgsr-

1- ueksLrq likZsH;ks ;s ds i`Foheuq ;s liksZH;ks ue%A

liksZH;ks ue%A

2- ueksLrq liZH;ks ;s dsp i`Foheuq% ;s A

3- varfj{ks ;s f}rsH;% lisZH;ks ue% lisZH;ksZ ue% A

4- uo dqyk; foùgs fo”knark;

f/kegh réks liZ% izpksn;kr A ¼uoukx xk;=h ea=½

5- vuare~ oklqdh ‘ks”ke~ A iùukHkep~ dacye A

‘ka[kikyep~ /k`rjk”Vªer{kde A dkyh;ke~ r;ke~ A ,rkuh

uoukekuh A ukxkukekp egkReuke~ A lk; dkys iBs

fuR;e izkr%

dkys fo’ks”kr%A rL; fo”k Hk;e~ ukLrh loZ=e~ fot;h

HkosrAA 376

6- LrqfrikB% ,Sfrr likZ% f’kodaBHkw”kk yksdksidkjk; Hkqoa

ogUr% A HkwrS% lesrk

ef.kHkwf”krkaxk% x`g.khr iwtka ijeka ueks o% AA

dY;k.k:i Qf.kjkeX;a

671

ukukQ.kkeaMyjktekueAHkoR;SdxE;aturk’kj.;a;tkE;gau%

LodqykfHko`);s AA

7- ukxea=% uodqyk; fo?ugs fo”knUrk; /khefg A

Rké% liZ izpksn;kr AA 377

8- LrqfrikB %&

,Sfri likZ% f’kodaHkw”kk yksdksidkjk; Hkqoa ogUr% A

HkwRkS lesrk ef.kHkwf”krkaxk% x`g.khr iwtk ijek ueks o% AA

dY;k.k:i Qf.kjkeX;za ukukQ.kkeaMyjktekue~ AA

HkoR;SdxE;a turk’kj.;a ;tkE;ga u% LodqykfHko`);S AA

Ukkxea= uodqyk; fo?ugs fo”knUrk; /khefg A

Rké% liZ% izpksn;kr~ A

ladYi% vu;k iwt;k vf/knsork A

izR;kf/knsork lfgr jkgq% izh;rke~ AA

vfXuLFkkiua xzgLFkkiu~ dq’kdafMdk xzggkse% A

izFkkugkse% jkgks% ea=s.k ukea=s.k ok v”VªksÙkjgkra vf/knsork

izR;kf/knsor;ks% v”Vfoa’kfr% vUok/kkuuqlkj ok czãkfn

loZrksHknzeaMy nsorkuka gkse%* 378

9- liZlwDr%

Ckzãyksds”kq ;s likZ ‘ks”kukx iqjksxkek% A

ueksLrqrsH;% lisZH;% lqizhrksee loZnk AA 1AA

bUnzyksds”kq ;s likZ% oklqdh izeq[kkn;% A

ueksLrqrsH;% lisZH;% lqizhrk ee loZnk AA 2AA

dnzos;k’p ;s likZ% ekr`HkfDr ijk;.kk A

ueksLrqrsH;% lisZH;k% lqizhrk ee loZnk AA3 AA

bUnzyksds”kq ;s likZ% r{kdk izeq[kkn;% AA


lR;yksds”kq ;s likZ% oklqfduk p jf{krk A

672


ey;s pSo ;s likZ% ddksZVd izeq[kkn;% A


i`fFkO;kapSo ;s likZ ;s lkdsr okflrk A


loZxzkes”kq ;s likZ olafr”kq lfPNrk A

ueksLrqrsH;% lisZH;% lqizhrk ee~ loZnk AA 8AA

xzkes ok ;fnokj.;s ;s likZizp’kfUrp A

ueksLrqrsH;% lisZH;% lqizhrk ee loZnk AA9AA

leqnzrhj ;s likZps likZtyokflu% A


jlkrysoq ;s likZ% vuUrkfn egkcyk%A

ueksLrqrsH;% lisZH;% lqizhrk ee loZnk AA 11AA 379

fofo/k /kkfeZd fo/khae/;s EgVys tk.kkjs gs Lrks= vkgsr- dkykph

nsork jkgw gh vkgs vkf.k izR;kf/knsork ^liZ* gh vkgs- R;keqGs

e`R;wiklwu lqVdk Ogkoh fdaok e`R;qHk; u jkgos] oa’ko`)h Ogkoh]

oa’k{k; gksÅ u;s ;klkBh ts fo/kh dsys tkrkr] R;k fo/khae/;s ;k

ea=kapk mPPkkj gksrks- gs ea= fo”.kw o f’ko nsorsleksjp EgVys tkrkr gs

fo’ks”k gks;-

liZea=kauk Lora= Lo:ikpk bfrgkl vkgs- _Xosnkr th [Skfyd

lwäs vkgsr- R;k lwäkae/kwu liZHk;kiklwu eqä gks.;klkBh tjRdk:pk

eqyxk vkLrhd ;kph izkFkZuk vkgsp-380 egkHkkjrkrhy vkfniokZP;k

^vkLrhdiokZ*r gk liZHk;fuokj.k ea= ;srks-

ßvflr pkfrZerap lquhFka pkfi ;% Lejsr A

fnok ok ;fn ok jk=kS ukL; liZHk;a Hkosr~ A

;ks tjRdk:.kk tkrks tjRdkjkS egk;Kk% AA

vkLrkSd% liZ l=s o% iéxkU;ks·H;j{kr A

673

ra Lejar egkHkkxk u eka fgaflrqegZ; AA

likZ”kliZ Hknza rs xPN liZ egkfo”k A

tuest;L; l=krs vkLrhdopu Lej AA

vkLrhdL; op% Jqok ;ks u liksZ fuorZrs A

‘kr/kk fHk|rs ewf?uZ f’ka’ko`{kQya ;Fkk AAÞ381

vflr equh] vkfrZear o lquhFk ;kaps tks fnol fdaok jk=

dsOgkgh Lej.k djhy- R;kl liZck/kk gks.kkj ukgh- liZ gks] tjRdk:

equhaiklwu R;kP;k tjRdk: uked iRuhP;k mnjh tUeysY;k

egk;’kLoh vkLrhdkus tuest; jktkP;k liZl=krwu rqEgkl lksMfoys

vkgs- ;kLro egkHkkxkauks R;k vkLrhd equhps Lej.k dj.kkÚ;k eyk

na’k dj.ks rqEgkl mfpr uOgs- likZ iyhdMs gks- rq>s dY;k.k vlks-

ok egkfo”kkjh likZ] ;sFkwu fu?kwu tk- tuest; jktkus dsysY;k

liZl=kps ‘ksoVh vkfLrdkus dke lkafxrys vkgss- R;kps Lej.k dj-

vkfLrdkps uko ,sdwugh tks liZ ijko`Ùk gksr ukgh- R;kps eLrd

f’ka’ko`{kkP;k Qykizek.ks ‘kr/kk fonh.kZ gksrs A

_Xosnke/;s o`{kfo”k;d lanHkZ feGrkr- rj egkHkkjrkr

vkLrhdfo”k;d liZlanHkZ feGrkr-

;Kkaps ts fofo/k izdkj vkgsr- R;kr v’oes/k ;k ukokpk ,d

izdkj vkgs- ;kr vusd nsorkauk v’o’kjhjkps fofo/k Hkkx viZ.k dsys

tkrkr- R;krhy v’okps xqnLFkku gs likZyk viZ.k dsys tkrs] vls

mYys[k lkiMrkr-382 v’oes/k ;K gk ngk fnol pky.kkjk fo/kh

vkgs- ;kr fujfujkGs vk[;ku lkafxrys tkrkr- ;krhy ikpO;k

fno’kh fo”kfo|sps ea= iB.k dsys tkrkr- ;krhy ikpO;k fno’kh

fo”kfo|sps ea= iB.k dsys tkrs- vcqZndknzos; gk jktk o liZ gh

R;kph iztk ;k ukokps gs vk[;ku vlrs-383 x`gÓklw=krgh ;Kfo/khr

eq[; nsorkacjkscj r{kdkykgh vkgqrh fnyh tkrs- likZauh na’k d: u;s

Eg.kwu R;kaP;klkBh vkgqrh fnY;k tkrkr-384 iqjk.kkauh O;arj nsorkauk

674

nso;ksuhr LFkku fnys vkf.k izfrek’kkL=krgh R;kapk fopkj gksÅ

ykxyk- fganw /kekZr riZ.k fo/khP;k osGh tks ea= EgVyk tkrks- R;kr

;k liZ O;arj nsorkaph ukos ?ksryh tkrkr-

^nsou;{kkLrFkk ukxk% xa/kokZIljlkslqjk% Øwjk% likZ% lqi.kZ’o rjok

ftexk% [kxk% A fo|k/kjk% ty/kjkLrFkSokdk’kxkfeu% AA*

Eg.ktsp nsokacjkscj ;{k] ukx] xa/koZ] vIljk] vlqj] liZ] o`{k]

ftex i{kh] fo|k/kj] typj rlsp vodk’kkr lapkj dj.kkjs

fl)lk/kdknh x.k ;k lokZauk ;k ea=fo/khr ekgkRE; fnysys vkgs-

fo”.kqiqjk.kkr fl)] x`gÓkd] xa/koZ] ;{k] jk{kl] liZ] fo|k/kj] fi’kkp

;kauk vkB izdkjP;k nso;ksuhr foHkkxys vkgs-385

vusd ea=kaP;k nkukr ukxnkukyk egÙo vkgs- ukxfcackfnukr

xzg.kkP;k osGh lqo.kkZpk ukx d:u R;kps nku dsY;kus xzg.kkeqGs

gks.kkÚ;k =klkpk ifjgkj gksrks] v’kh letwr vkgs- ;k ukxkcjkscj

panzxzg.kkP;k osGh :I;kps panzfcac o lw;Zxzg.kkP;k osGh lqo.kkZps

lw;Zfcac nku |kos] vlsgh lkafxrys vkgs-

ukx cufo.;klkBh iy] v/kZiy] ,d prqFkkZa’k fdaok ,d

v”Veka’k iy lksus ?ksrkr- ¼iy& 320 xqatk ½ R;kP;k Q.khoj eksrh

cuorkr- ex rks ukx ?k`riw.kZ rkezik=kr fdaok dkL;ik=kr Bsowu R;kps

nku djrkr- nkuea= vlk]

ßrekse; egkHkhe lkselw;ZfoenZu A

gsekrkjkiznkusu ee ‘kkfUriznks Hko AA

fo|qUrqn ueLrqH;a flafgdkuUnukP;qr A

nkusukusu ukxL; j{k eka os/ktkn~ Hk;kr~ AAÞ

gs reks:i] Hkhedk; vkf.k lw;Zpanzkauk ihMk ns.kkÚ;k jkgks] ;k

lqo.kZrkjsP;k nkukus rw eyk ‘kkafrizn gks] gs flafgdkiq=k] vP;qrk jkgks]

rqyk ueLdkj vlks- ;k ukxkP;k nkukus rw ek>s os/kksRié Hk;kiklwu

j{k.k dj-

675

lqo.kkZP;k ukxkcjkscj rhy] oL=] xk;] v’o] jFk] Hkweh ;kapsgh

nku djkos] vls lkafxrys vkgs- 386

uok.kZfo/kh uok{kjh ea=tikpk ,d fo/kh vkgs- ^,sa Úgha Dyha

pkeq.Mk;S foPPsk* ;kyk uok{kjh ea= Eg.krkr- ;keqGs liZHk; jkgr

ukgh-387 lqJqrkpk;kZus ^lw=LFkku* ukokpk xzaFk fyfgyk vkgs- R;krhy

ikpO;k v/;k;kr ‘kL=fØ;siwohZ v’khp nSor izkFkZuk lkafxryh vkgs

dh] ^ukxk% fi’kkpk% xa/kokZ% firjkS ;{kjk{klk% vfHknzoafr ;s ;s Roka

czãKk% ?uUrq rku~ lnk A* =kl ns.kkÚ;k fi’kkp] ukx] liZ o jk{klkapk

uk’k gksrks-388 dks.krhgh b”Vfl)h pkywu ;ko;kph vlY;kl iq<hy

ea= Eg.kk& ^ Úgha Dyha ,sa eulk nsO;S ue%* ;ke/;s eulspk mYys[k

vkgs- rh liZjkKh vkgs-389 ckS) /kekZP;k egkek;wjh xzaFkkr liZna’kkrwu

eqä gks.;klkBh ea=kph jpuk dj.;kr vkyh gksrh-390 gfjoa’kkP;k

fo”.kqiokZr vk;kZLro v/;k;kr ukjk;.kh Lrks= ;srs- ^flf)

lka;kf=dk.kka rq osyk Roa lkxjL; pa AA ;{k.kka izFkek ;{kh ukxkuka

lqjlsfr p AA*391 ;kr ukxekrk lqjlspk mYys[k ;srks- ;keqGs liZHk;

jkgr ukgh- Jh ek#frLrks=e~ ;k guqekufo”k;d Lrks=kr ^liZeq[kca/k.ka*

gs fo’ks”k.k guqearkyk ykoysys vkgs- ;keqGs ns[khy ‘käh

liZHk;kiklwu eqä gksÅ ‘kdrs] vls ekurkr- Jh x.ks’kkps

gsjEcksifu”kr~]x.ks’kekuliwtk] flf/nfouk;dLrks=e~] foKkux.kjktLrks=e~]

x.kk/kh’kLrks=e~] ;ksx’kkfUrKkuizna x.ks’kLrks=e~] <qf.<jktk”Vde~]

x.ks’kk”Vde~ v’kh fofo/k Lrks=s vkgsr- ;k izR;sd Lrks=kae/;s x.ks’kkpk

vkf.k likZpk vuqca/k vkysyk vkgs- gsjEcksifu”kr e/;s ^yEcksnjks·ga

iq#”kksÙkeks·ga fo?ukUrdks·ga fot;kRedks·ge~ A ukxkuuks·ga uerka lqfl)%

LdUnkxzx.;ks fuf[kyks·gefLe AA* ;ke/;s ukxkpk mYys[k ;srks-392

Ldaniqjk.kkr ,d x#Mf’kysPkk mYys[k ;srks- frP;k n’kZukusp liZck/kk

u”V gksrs- vls frFks EgVys vkgs- T;kauk gh fo|k ;srs( R;kauk

dk’;is; fdaok xk:M gs uko feGrs-393

676

‘kCn/ouhr ea= lkeF;Z vlrs- vlk ,d let izkphu

dkGkiklwu izpfyr vkgs- ea= ‘kCnc) vlrkr- ;kpkp vFkZ R;k

‘kCnkP;k mPPkkjkr ,d izdkjph ‘käh lkekoysyh vlrs- R;keqGsp ;k

‘kCnkaP;k mPPkkjkus bfPNr izkIr djrk ;sÅ ‘kdrs- yksdkauhp ‘kCnkauk

ea= lkeF;Z fnys- ea=krwu lewgeukP;k ,dk vkxGÓkk osxGÓkk fo’okps

n’kZu ?kMrs- izkphu dkGkrhy ek.klkauk fulxZ’kfäfo”k;h dqrwgy

okVr gksrs- ;k dqrwgykrwu fulXkZ’kähpk vFkZ yko.;kpk iz;Ru djhr

vlrkaukp ea=ra=kus gh ‘käh vki.k vafdr d: ‘kdw vls R;kyk

okVr gksrs- R;krwup ea=ra=kpk izHkko R;kaP;koj gksrk-394

Eka=ksikluscjkscjp ra=ksiklusykgh ;krq/kekZr vR;ar egÙokps

LFkku vkgs- ra= gk ‘kCn ^ru*~ o`)h dj.ks] izlkj dj.ks ;k /kkrqiklwu

vkyk vkgs- larku] ru;]rarw ;k ‘kCnkarwu O;ä gks.kkjh dYiukp ra=

;k ‘kCnkP;k eqGk’kh vkgs- dkR;k;u] JkSrlw=] vkiLraHk /keZlw= vkf.k

rSfrjh; mifu”kn~ ;kae/;s oa’ko`)h ;kp vFkkZus gk ‘kCn vkyk vkgs-

ra=kpk gk vk’k; vfrizkphu vkgs- ra=ksikluse/;s yrklk/kusyk vR;ar

egÙo vkgs- rkaf=dkaP;k xw< ifjHkk”ksr yrk] dqlqe vFkok iq”i]

yrklk/kuk ;kaps vFkZ L=h tuusafnz;ka’kh fuxfMr vkgsr- yrk Eg.kts

L=h tuusafnz;] iq”i Eg.kts ekfld jt%L=ko vkf.k yrklk/kuk Eg.kts

;ksfuiwtk- Hkx gk ;ksfuokpd ‘kCn vkgs- Hkx Eg.kts ,s’o;Z] ,s’o;kZps

dsanz Eg.kts L=h;ksuh- rkaf=d eaMGh ;krqizfØ;sr ;ksfuiwtsyk egÙo

nsrkr- ra=laiznk;kps rs fo’ks”k gks;-395 osxosxG;k izdkjph vusd

;a=sgh orqZGkdkj vlrkr- orqZG Eg.kts eaMy gks;- eaMykpkp nqljk

677

vFkZ lki vlk gksrks-396 eaMy gk ;ksfuokpd ‘kCn vkgs- Eg.ktsp

;a=ke/;s ladsrkFkZ nMysyk vlrks- MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs ;kaP;k ers]

ß‘kCnkaP;k mPpkjkus T;k izek.ks ekuk] vlwP;k Lo:ikph ,d

vfrekuoh fdaok fuosZ;fäd v’kh ;krq’käh dk;kZfUor djrk ;srs-

R;kpizek.ks dkgh vkd`R;k fdaok la[;sps pkSdksu dk<wu R;kpk

‘kjhjk’kh laca/k izLFkkfir d:ugh ;k ‘kähyk dk;Zizo.k dsys tkÅ

‘kdrs vlk fo’okl yksdkaP;ke/;s izpfyr vkgs- R;kauk ;a= Eg.krkr-

gh ;a=s dkxnkoj t’kh r’khp /kkrwP;k i«;kojhy gh vkgsr-

R;kpizek.ks ;’kizkIrh] /ku/kkU;le`)h ;kalkBhgh ;a=s vkgsr- ?kjkP;k

fdaok nqdkUkkP;k fHkarhoj gh ;a=s ‘ksanjkus dk<rkr- gh ;a=s fygwu ns.kkjs

yksd fof’k”V vlrkr- R;kauh ;k ;a=kr ;krq’käh ;koh Eg.kwu lk/kuk

dsysyh vlrs- ;a= cgq/kk pkSdksuh vlwu R;kr dkgh [kkus dj.;kr

;srkr- R;kr dkgh la[;k fyfgY;k tkrkr- dkgh ;a=krhy la[;sph

csjht mHkh fdaok vkMoh fof’k”V la[;k vlrs- d/kh d/kh la[;s,soth

fpUgs fdaok v{kjsgh vlrkr- ;kauk fof’k”V vFkZ vlrks-Þ397

liZHk;eqäh vFkok liZfo”kuk’k ;klkBh ;a= gs izpfyr vkgs- gs

;a= dkxnkoj MkfGackP;k lkyhus fygwu rks dkxn xaxktykus /kqokok o

rs ik.kh T;kyk lki pkoyk vlsy R;kyk iktkos- ;k ;ksxs liZfo”kkpk

izHkko u”V gksrks vFkok gs ;a= yky diMÓkkoj fygwu rks dkiMkpk

rqdMk rkbZrkr ?kkykok o rks rkbZr mtO;k n.Mkr cka/kkok- ;k ;ksxs

fo”k u p<rk yodjp vkjke okVrks-398

678

;ke/;s yky dkiMkyk vR;ar egÙo vkgs- ykyk dkiMkpk

laca/k gk jt%Loyk L=h’kh tksM.;kr ;srks- rj MkfGackP;k lkyhpk

laca/k gk gGnh jaxk’kh tksMrk ;srks- ;a=lkexzhe/;s cgq/kk yky o

gGnh jaxkpkp lekos’k vlrks- R;kekxs ;kRokRed dkj.k vlkos-

T;kaP;k yXudaqMyhr dkyliZ;ksx gk dq;ksx vkgs- R;kauh

ukxik’k;a=kP;k vk/kkjs liksZiklusP;k ek/;ekrwu ifj.kkekaph rhozrk

679

deh d: ‘kdrkr- ;ke/;s nsonÙk vkf.k /kuat; likZps mYys[k

;srkr- gk ;ksx O;ähP;k ykSfdd thou O;ogkjkoj ifj.kke dj.kkjk

vkgs-

liZna’kkiklwu vkckyo`) tukauk ihMk gksÅ u;s ;klkBh

liZLraHku;a=kpk iz;ksx djrkr- /kksrÚ;kP;k jlkus ,dk lqanj HkwtZi=koj

;a= dk<rkr- lk/;uke fygwu R;kyk nqjs?kh orqZGkps os”Vu nsrkr-

R;kckgsj v”Vnyiù dk<wu R;kP;k izR;sd nykr ^gal%* gk chtea=

fyfgrkr- uarj R;kph ;Fkkfo/kh iwtk d:u rks f=yksgkP;k Mchr

Hkjrkr o rh Mch naMkr cka/krkr- gs ;a= n`”Vhl iMrkp liZ nwj

tkrkr- pqdwu likZoj ik; iMyk rjh liZ gs ;a= /kkj.k dj.kkÚ;kyk

na’k djhr ukgh o R;kus na’k dsyk rjh R;kps fo”k p<r ukgh] v’kh

letwr vkgs-399

liZ] ok?k] pksj b- minzoh izkf.kek=kaiklwu vHk; izkIr Ogkos

;klkBh likZfnHk;uk’ku;a= ;k ;a=kpk mi;ksx djrkr- ‘kqHk fno’kh

xksjkspu] ds’kj] dkiwj] dLrqjh ;kaP;k feJ.kkr tkbZP;k dk”Bkph

ys[k.kh cqMowu HkwtZi=koj ;a= dk<rkr- uarj ;a=kP;k mtO;k ojP;k

cktwl ^Úgha* gs chtk{kj fygwu R;kP;k [kkyh ,dk [kkyks[kky v{kjs

dk<wu lk/;uke fyfgrkr- uarj R;k v{kjkaP;k ekxs R;k v{kjkauh

tso<h tkxk O;kfiyh vlsy] rso<;kp tkxsr rso<;kp vkdkjkph

^e*] ^y*] ^o* o ^;w* gh chtk{kjs fyfgrkr-

;a= iqjs dsY;koj R;kph iwtk djrkr- iwtsr xa/kghu fdaok

jäo.kZ iq”is dVk{kkus oT;Z djrkr- gh iwtk rhu fnol djk;ph

vlrs- ;k dkGkr lIr’krhpk ikB] [khj o ?k`r ;kauh ;qDr vls

czkã.kHkkstu o rhUgh fnol Hkwfe’k;u ;k xks”Vh djk;P;k vlrkr-

iwtuksÙkj gs ;a= f=yksgkP;k Mchr cafnLr d:u daBkr vFkok naMkr

cka/krkr- ;k ;a=kP;k izHkkokeqGs liZ] O;k?kz b- P;k Hk;kiklwu eqärk

680

ykHkrs- v’kh letwr izpfyr vkgs- ;kpk vFkZ ;krq/kekZr ea=kcjkscj

;a=kaukgh LFkku vkgs-400

;krq/kekZr ea=&ra=kauk tls izk/kkU; vkgs] rlsp jaxkaukgh izk/kkU;

vkgs- fo’ks”kr% gGn vkf.k dqadw ;kpk okij ;krq/kekZr eksB;k izek.kkr

gksrks- ;k nksUgh jaxka’kh liZfo”k;d dkgh dYiukca/k izpfyr vkgs-

ejkBh O;qRiÙkh dks’kkr gGn gh ouLirh lkafxryh vkgs- gfjnzk fdaok

gfjr vls fryk Eg.krkr-401 MkW- fo’oukFk [kSjs ;kauh gGn ;k

‘kCnkpk vFkZ ^vfj lkSan;Z* vlk fnyk vkgs- gk nzfoM Hkk”ksrhy vFkZ

vkgs-402 ykSfdd thoukr gGnhps vusd mi;ksx vkgsr( ijarq

‘kkjhfjd lkSan;kZ’kh frpk vf/kd fudVpk laca/k vkgs- fofo/k fo/khrgh

frpk mi;ksx gksrks- fo’ks”kr% fookgfo/khr fu;ksftr o/kq&ojkauk gGn

ykoyh tkrs- nqlÚ;k rÚgsus gGnhpk laca/k gk L=hP;k dkSekZ;k’kh

vlyk ikfgts- jktiwr HkkeVk lektkrhy fookg fo/kh ;klkBh

egÙoiw.kZ Bjrks- ;k lektkr fookg izfØ;sr ^Nqêh gjn* fdaok ^dqokjh

gjn* vlk izdkj vlrks- fookg fo/khr ifgY;k fno’kh xksa/kG gksrks-

nqljs fno’kh ?kjkrY;k nsokaph iwtk d:u ^rsy pVkousdk* fo/kh gksrks-

vk/kh uoÚ;kyk ex uojhyk v’kk ikp gGnh vlrkr- ifgY;k

fno’kh Lora=i.ks] nqljs fno’kh uoÚ;kph uojhdMs] frlÚ;k fno’kh

uojhph uoÚ;kdMs] pkSFks fno’kh Lora=i.ks] ikpos fno’kh ^Nqêh gjn*

681

gksrs- ;kykp ^dqokjh gjn* vls Eg.krkr- nks?kkaukgh gGn yko.;kr

;srs- ;kosGh nks?ksgh Lor%P;k gkrkus Lor%P;k tuusafnz;kauk gGn

ykorkr- ;k fo/khyk egÙo ns.;kr ;srs- gGn yko.;kP;k osGh

fL=;k iq<hy izek.ks xk.kh Eg.krkr&

ßgynh isukcks esjs yky] cuk esjk yky cuk A

gynh isukus rsjh Q.ks] [kMh js cus gys gys AÞ

¼R;k izek.ks loZ ukryxakph uko ?ksÅu iqujko`Ùkh gksrs-½

R;kuarj ‘ksjk cka/k.ks o ckjkr gksrs- R;kuarj yXufo/kh gksrkr-403

;kpk vFkZ L=hP;k dqWokji.kkpk laca/k gGnh’kh tksMyk tkrks-

gGnhP;k lanHkkZrwu L=hP;k ^vHkax ;ksuhph* ;FkkFkZrk iVowu fnyh

tkrs- fu;ksftr irh gk frpk v[kaM HkrkZ jkg.kkjk vlrks- Eg.ktsp

lkFkhnkjA ;ke/;s vkfne dYiukca/k lkekoysyk vkgs- gk fo/khRed

Hkkx ;srks-

gGn dqadw fo”k;d ea=krgh ^vfgfjo HkkSxs% ifjgsfrckgqa T;k;k

gsfra ifjck/keku% gLr?uks fo’ok o;qukfu fo/kku iqeku~ iqeku~la ifjikrq

fo’or%* vlk mYys[k ;srks- ;kr ^vfgfjo* Eg.kts ukxkizek.ks

HkksxkP;k izkIrhpk mYys[k vkgs- gGnhpk laca/k Hkksxk’kh vkgs] gs rj

loZJqr vkgsp A

dqadw Eg.kts yky jaxkps pw.kZ- ;kyk ‘ksanwj vlsgh Eg.krkr-

vejdks’kkr dqadqokyk ^ukx lEHkoe~* vlk i;kZ; fnysyk vkgs-404

fganw /kekZr dqadw gs fookfgr L=h ykor vlrs- R;kpizek.ks dslkaP;k

Hksxse/;sgh dqadw Hkjor vlrs- ;kps nksu vFkZ vlkosr- ,d Eg.kts

ikjaifjd vFkkZus lkSHkkX;kps izrhd o v[kaMrk ;kpk rks Hkkx vlkok-

nqljk Eg.kts oa’ko`)h gk Hkkx- dsoG fookfgr L=hp d: ‘kdrs-

fulxZr% fryk ;s.kkjk jt%L=ko gk dqadqokP;k ek/;ekrwu nk[koyk

tkr vlkok- fookgksÙkj thoukr irhdMwu dkSek;ZHkax >kY;keqGs vkf.k

oa’ko`)hl ik= BjY;keqGs dqadw yko.ks gh izFkk :< >kyh vlkoh-

682

,dkp iq#”kkdMwu dkSek;ZHkax >kY;keqGs o R;kP;k’khp ,dfu”B

vlY;keqGs gGn o dqadw fganw L=h ykor vlkoh- R;kekxph ;FkkFkZ

Hkwfedk ghp vlkoh- dslkrhy Hkxizns’k o dqadw gs ekfld

jt%L=kokpsp lkadsfrd :i vlkos- R;kyk ,d uSfrd o /kkfeZd

cSBd fganw /kekZr fnyh xsyh- dkj.k dks.kR;kgh L=hl oa’ko`)hlkBh

jt%L=ko ;s.ks xjtsps vkgs- gsp L=hRokps vkfne y{k.k Bjrs vkf.k gk

L=ko pkanzeklkuqlkj izR;sd eklkr ;srks- ;kpkp vFkZ jt%L=koj o

L=hoj panzkpk izHkko vlrks- panzkykp ukx vlsgh EgVys xsys vkgs-

R;ko:u gGn o dqadw ;kapk laca/k ukxk’kh vf/kd tqGrks- T;k izek.ks

panz gk izR;sd vekoL;syk tUe ?ksrks] R;kp izek.ks ukxgh Egkrkjk u

gksrk uohu ‘kjhj /kkj.k djrks vls yksdekul lkaxrs- ;ko:u L=hyk

dkSek;Z izkIr d:u ns.;kiklwu rs oa’ko`)hi;Zr panz gkp dkjd xzg

vlrks] vls Eg.krk ;sbZy- ;ko:u ;krqfo/khr gGn&dqadqokpk

lekos’k gk iw.kZi.ks gk ukx] pkanzlaiznk;k’kh fuxfMr vkgs] vls

Eg.krk ;srs- ;ko:u gGn&dqadqokps ;krq/kekZrhy ukxk’kh lacaf/kr

LFkku fuf’pr gksrs-

3-36 ukxfo”k;d ladsr o letqrh %

Hkkjrh; feFkd lkfgR;kr vkf.k yksdthoukr ukx ekgkRE;

v’kk izdkjs Hk:u jkfgysys vlY;keqGs vusd J)k&ladsrkps tkGs

R;kaP;kHkksorh fo.kys xsys vkgs- ukx gk tkR;k ‘kkar o`Ùkhpk vlwu] rks

lglk yksdkauk minzo nsr ukgh- ukxkaps okLrO; HkwxHkkZr vlrs- frFks

ikrkG ukokpk Lora= ukxyksdgh vkgs- Hkwfexr /kukoj ukxksck

clysyk vlrks- R;kyk lqxa/kkph vkoM vlrs- o R;kP;k ‘kjhjkykgh

lqxa/k vlrks- ukxkP;k eLrdkoj jRue.kh vlrks o R;kP;k izdk’kkr

rks okojrks- e`r iwoZtkaps vkRes liZ:ikus okojrkr vkf.k uohu ewy

tUekyk ;srs( rsOgk R;kP;k ‘kjhjkr rs izos’k djrkr- likZyk ek:

u;s( ekjY;kl rks ekj.kkÚ;kps fularku djrks- ukx rGÓkkr fdaok

683

u|kr jkgwu R;karhy izk.;kaps j{k.k djrks- ukx gk czkã.k vkgs rsOgk

;nkdnkfpr rks ekjyk xsY;kl R;kyk rlkp u Vkdrk R;kpk nkg

laLdkj dj.;kph i)rh vkgs- xfHkZ.kh L=hus ukx ikfgY;kl ukxkph

n`”Vh tkrs o rh izlwr >kY;koj frus fQ:u rks ukx ikfgY;kl R;kph

n`”Vh ijr ;srs-405 v’kk letqrh vkgsr-

MkW-m”kk iqjh fo|kokpLirh ;kauh Hkkjrh; feFkd dks’kkr

ukxfo”k;d dkgh letqrh fnysY;k vkgsr- ßfeFkd lkfgR; esa liZ

vusd rÙoksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gS A ef.k ls lqlfTtr gksus ds

dkj.k og /ku dk izrhd gS A tgka liZ dqaMyh ekjdj cSBk gks] ogka

i`Foh esa /ku xMk gS] ,slk ekuk tkrk gS A liZ dh Vs<h&frjNh pky

ls jktuhfrd fuiq.krk dk izrhd Hkh cuk nsrh gS ] fdarq lokZf/kd

ekU; :i dky ds izrhd esa feyrk gS A liZ dh xfr ty] LFky]

ok;q lHkh LFkkuksa esa gS A mMusokys liZ] i`Foh esa fcy cukdj jgusokys

liZ rFkk ty esa fuokl djusokys ukx bl ckr ds izrhd gS fd dky

liZO;kih gS A txr~ dh mRifÙk ls iwoZ dsoy ty esa ukx ‘ks”k Fkk A

blh ls ‘ks”k ukx dgk x;k A mldh dqaMyh dh ‘kÓÓkk ij fo”.kq us

fuokl fd;k rFkk mlds ,d lgL= Qu fo”.kq ds eLrd ij N+= dh

Hkkafr fo|eku Fks A bl fp= ds ek/;e ls Li”V gqvk fd jktuhfrd

fuiq.krk ij vklhu fo”.kq dky jf{kr Fks] vFkkZr mldks ?ksjdj dky

‘k=qvksa ls mUgsa iw.kZ lqj{kk iznku dj jgk Fkk AÞ406

ukxkfo”k;hP;k letqrha fo”k;h l-vk-tksxGsdj fyfgrkr]

ßiwoZtkauh Hkwehr iq:u BsoysY;k laiÙkhps liZ j{k.k djrkr- gh

letwr loZ= vk<Grs- dkj.k v’kk vk[;kf;dk tqukV o vkslkM

okM;koj vlrkr vkf.k likZaps okLrO;gh v’kkp fBdk.kh vlrs-

panukP;k o`{kkHkksorh ukxkpk foG[kk vlrksp vkf.k ukxkP;k Q.khr

e.kh vlrks- R;k letqrh lkoZf=d vlY;k rjh rso<;k fo’oluh;

vkgsr- NsycVkaÅ] injklä fdaok fo”k;klä iq#”kkykgh Hkqtax v’kh

684

laKk vkgs-407 rlsp izsrkojhy fuekZY;] e|cht] eqaxqlkps dsl] foapw]

Hkksaxk] liZ ;kaps dkrMs gh loZ ,d= d:u cl.;kP;k tkxh Bsoyh

vlrk R;k tkxsoj cl.kkjk ek.kwl rsFkhy oLrw gyohi;Zar viq#”k

¼uiqald½ curks-Þ408

/kj.khdaikps dkj.kgh liZ ekurkr- ‘ks”kkus vkiY;k lgL=

Q.kkaoj i`Fohpk Hkkj okfgyk vkgs- R;k HkkjkeqGs R;kyk Fkdok ;srks o

rks ?kkyfo.;klkBh rks tsOgk vax >kMrks] rsaOgk Hkwdai gksrks- ‘ks”kkph

,[kknh Q.kk gkyrs] ,[kknk dsl xGwu iMrks] rsOgkgh Hkwdai gksrks-

i`Fohoj iki ok<ys Eg.kts Hkwdai gksrks- HkwdaikP;k osGh Hkkfod yksd

iq<hy vfj”VkP;k ‘keukFkZ i`Fohph iwtk o nku/keZ djrkr- lki gs

i`Fohps dkj.k ekuys tkrs- ,d v’khgh letwr vkgs dh] likZus

vkdk’kkyk i`Fohiklwu nwj dsys- R;kr R;kps rqdMs >kys- R;krhy ,d

Hkkx Eg.kts rkjkax.k] vkdk’kkrhy O;k/kkykgh liZ ekurkr- liZ ejr

ukghr] Egkrkjs gksr ukghr] rs dkr Vkdwu r#.k gksrkr v’khgh J)k

vkgs- ukx] lw;Z vkf.k vXuhps izrhd ekuyk tkrks- ;qQjsV~le/kY;k

rksjksfu;e yksdkaP;kr liZiwtk izFke lq: >kyh o rsFkwu txHkj

iljyh vls er dkgh vH;kld ekaMrkr- izkphu dkGh e/;

vesfjdsr lkikaph iwtk dsyh tkbZ-409

Ikka<Ú;k lkikus mtO;k gkrkyk na’k dj.ks] gs LoIu dk;Zfl)hl

iqjd Bjrs] rj ok:G LoIukr fnl.ks v’kqHkdkjd ekuys tkrs-410

v’kk fofo/k letqrh ok ladsr yksdeukus tiysys vkgsr- lektkrhy

lewgeukph usf.kosrhy vuqoaf’kdrk gs loZ tru djhr vlrs-

Hkkjrh; tuek.klkps vkfne fo’o gs vusd J)kauh Hkjysys

vkgs- R;k J)k vktgh deh tkLr izek.kkr :<h&ijaijkaP;k

ek/;ekrwu vfLrRokr vkgsr- xkokrhy ek.klkyk vFkok xqjkyk

liZna’k vFkok brj dkgh ck/kk >kY;kl R;kauk xkokrhy cfgjksckP;k

nsoGkr usÅu Bso.;kph izFkk vkgs- cfgjksck] ek#rh gh izkphu

685

ekuokP;k J)k fo’okrhy ‘kfänsorkaph vokZphu :isp vkgsr-

f’kdkjh ekuokP;k J)kfo’okrgh R;k laj{k.k nsorkp gksR;k-

taxykrhy ;{k&nsork Eg.kwugh R;k vksG[kY;k xsY;k vkgsr- f’kdkjh

LFkkf;d gksÅu ‘ksrdjh >kY;koj ;k nsorkgh taxykrwu mBwu

‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k xkokP;k f’kosoj vFkok xkokr LFkkf;d >kY;k- xkokr

;sÅu fLFkj >kY;k rjh R;kaps laj{k.kkps iwokZikj dke R;kaP;kdMsp

jkfgys-411 ’ksaMh vkf.k iks[kMhZ gh xkoa uxj ftYgÓkkP;k fBdk.kkiklwu

vkB fd-eh- varjkoj vkgsr- iks[kMhZr HkSjoukFkkps eafnj vkgs- rsFks

nhi v[kaM TkGr vlrks- lki pkoysY;k ek.klkyk rsFks usY;kl

rkrMhus fo”k mrjrs- v’kh yksdkaph J)k vkgs- ;keqGs njo”khZ rsFks

HkSjoukFkkph ;k=k Hkjrs-412

jk”VªdwV dkGke/;s lqxyknsoh uke L=hus ftoar lki idMyk gs

d`R; frP;k ikfo«;kph [kw.k ekuwu frP;k lUekukFkZ ,d eafnj cka/kys

v’kh uksan feGrs- fof’k”V fno’kh lkikps iwtu dj.;kph izFkk gksrh-

dkgh osGsl R;kaps usgeh iwtu djrk ;kos Eg.kwu nxMkP;k vkf.k brj

lkfgR;kP;k ewrhZ d:u R;kaph nsoGkae/;s fdaok pkSFkÚ;koj LFkkiuk

djhr- jk”VªdwV oa’kkP;k ‘kds 720 P;k oMxko rkeziVke/;s

mYysf[kysys mjxxzke fdaok ik”kk.kksjxxzke R;kp izek.ks f’kykgkj

oa’kkP;k ‘kd laor~ 939 P;k Bk.ks rkeziVkr of.kZysys ukxkEck gh

LFkyukes egkjk”Vªkr vfLrRokr vlysY;k ;k izFksl iq”Vh nsrkr-413

fganw /kekZr likZps egÙo fofo/kkaxkuh of.kZysys vkgs-

Jhen~Hkkxorkr ¼Lda/k 4] v-25½ iq<hy dFkk vkgs- ßiqjatu ¼’kjhjs

mRié dj.kkjk tho½ ;k ukokapk ,d eksBk dhfrZeku jktk gksrk- R;kapk

vfoKkr ¼T;kps uko dks.kkl ekghr ukgh vlk ijes’oj½ uked ,d

ijefe= gksrk vkf.k R;kps dr`ZRogh dks.kkl letr uls- iq<s rks

iqjatu jktk vki.kkl vkJ; ¼’kjhj½ feGkos Eg.kwu i`Fohoj fgaMw

ykxyk- i`Fohojhy loZ iqjs ¼’kjhjs½ R;kus ikfgyh( ijarq rh R;kyk

686

ilar iMsukr- iq<s ,dnk fgeky;kP;k nf{k.ksl uÅ }kjkauh ;qä

vlysys iwj ¼’kjhj½ R;kus ikfgys- R;k iqjkP;k ckgsj mÙke o`{kkauh ;qä

vls ,d miou ¼fo”k;lewg½ gksrs- R;k mioukr ,d lqanj L=h ¼cq)h½

LosPNsus vkysyh R;kus ikfgyh- R;k L=hps ngk Hk`R; ¼ngk bafn;s½

vlwu izR;sd Hk`R;kP;k gkrk[kkyh ‘ksdMks vprqj ¼fpÙko`Ùkh½ gksrs] R;k

L=hps j{k.k dj.;klkBh ,d ikp Q.kkapk liZ ¼iapizk.k½ loZnk n{k

vlY;kps R;kus ikfgys- rsOgk jktkus fryk rw dks.k vlk iz’u djrkp

frus mÙkj fnys]^ eh tk.kr ukgh- eyk brdsp ekghr vkgs dh]

lqIrk;kaef; tkxfrZ ukxks·;a iky;u~ ijhe~ A* ¼ eh futY;k uarjgh gk

ukx loZdkG tkxwu ;k iqjhps j{k.k djhr vlrks-½ vls lkafxrY;koj

R;k nks?kkapk ijLijkl oj.;kpk fu’p; >kyk o yXu gksÅu rh ‘kaHkj

o”ksZ ,d= jkfgyh( ijarq xa/koZjkt paMosxkus 360 xa/koZ 360

xa/koZiRU;k ¼fnol o jk= feGwu 720½ vuqpjkauh iqjatukps iqj yqVwu

100 o”ksZ lkj[ks R;kP;k’kh ;q) pkyfoY;keqGs rks fcpkjk Fkdwu Hkkxwu

dsyk- rki] Hk;] tjk o e`R;w ;kaP;k gYY;keqGs rks Mc?kkbZl vkyk-

likZus ijkdk”Vk dsyh( ijarq R;kaps dkgh pkysuk rsOgk eksBÓkk d”Vkus

rks {kh.k liZ fu?kwu xsyk o iqjatu ‘k=wP;k gkrh lkiMyk- iq<s iqutZUe

izkIr >kY;kosGh R;kph o fe=kph ¼nsokph½ xkB iMyh o rks lq[kh

>kyk-Þ414

;k dFksr liZ gk usgeh j{k.k djhr vlrks vls n’kZfoys vkgs-

;ksx’kkL=kr likZlukph egrh Qkj of.kZyh vlwu izk.kk;ke d:u

R;kyk vuqdwy d:u ?ksrY;kl R;kP;keqGs thokyk Kku o

veji.kkpk ykHk gksrks] vls lkafxrys vkgs- iapizk.k gkp ikp Q.kkapk

ukx vkgs] vls Hkkxorkrhy dFkso:u Li”V gksrs-

3-37 LoIul`”Vh o liZfo”k;d ‘kdqu&vi’kdqu ladsr %

euq”; funzkoLFksr vlrkauk R;kP;k eukrhy dkgh dYiuk

lkdkj gksÅu jax:i /kkj.k djrkr vkf.k R;keqGs ts izlax rks

687

vuqHkorks- R;kauk LoIus Eg.krkr- dks.kR;kgh LoIukps b”V fdaok vfu”V

vls dkghrjh QG vlrsp] v’khgh lkekU; tukaph dYiuk vlrs-

LoIukrys ladsr R;k R;k ek.klkP;k vuqHkokyk o izo`Ùkhyk lktslsp

vlrkr-415 Eg.ktsp R;kpk laca/k ‘kdqu vi’kdquk’kh vlrks- izkphu

dkykiklwu eukoj >kysY;k pkaxY;k okbZV laLdkjkrwu gs ‘kqHkk’kqHkkps

ladsr fuekZ.k >kys vlkos- lki mtohdMs tk.ks gk ‘kqHk ‘kdqu ekuyk

tkrks-416 LoIukr liZ fnlyk rj eqyxk gksrks- vusd LoIus gh ‘kki

lwpd vlrkr- iq= larrh u gks.ks] >kyhp rj rh u tx.ks-

izsr;ksuhiklwu gks.kkjh ihMk] nqeZj.kkeqGs gks.kkjh ihMk] ;k cjkscjp

iwoZtUehps izsr’kki] fir``’kki ;k ‘kkikaeqGs L=h fdaok iq#”kkyk

‘kkilwpd LoIus iMrkr- LoIukr ukx fnl.ks] ukxkyk ekj.ks] ukxkps

rqdMs >kysys fnl.ks b- LoIus gh ‘kkilwpd LoIus vlrkr-417

vfXuLFkkukfn ifo= LFkyh liZ fnl.ks gs v’kqHk ekuys tkrs-418 LoIu

vkf.k liZ ;kapk laca/k v’kk i)rhus ykork ;srks-

3-38 ik’pkÙ;kaP;k liZfo”k;d letqrh %

Xkzhd iqjk.k dFkkuqlkj likZus tj ekuoh vkokt ,sdyk rj

ekuokyk izk.;kaph Hkk”kk lgt letw ‘kdrs- gdqckph eqys o VªkW;ph

jk.kh ;kapk laca/k liZnsors’kh gksrk- vFksuk ;k xzhd Kku nsors’kh

likZpk laca/k gksrk- vkokt ,sd.kkÚ;k liZnsorkadMs eslksiksVkseh;k

laLd`rhe/;s nSo’käh gksrh- fufXuf’knk gk nso LoxkZP;k izos’k}kjkpk

j{kd gksrk- vusd vkfnoklh tekrhae/;s liZ gk ‘käh vkf.k

lkoZHkkSeRokps izrhd Eg.kwu ekuyk tkrks- rSokue/khy iSoku ;k

fBdk.kh R;kph fo’ks”k iwtk o mRlo lktjk dsyk tkrks- likZae/;s

vl.kkjh nSoh’käh ghp bftIr e/khy eafnjkps] FkMX;kaps] izkphu

vo’ks”kkaps vkf.k LohMue/khy ?kjkaps j{k.k djrs-

liZ gs nso vkf.k nkuo ;k nksUgha’kh fuxfMr vkgsr- izkphu

eslksiksVksfe;k laLd`rhe/;s vusd rksaMh liZ gk nsokauk ‘käh iznku

688

djrkauk fnlrks- viksyks ;k nsoiq=kus MsYQh ;k Hkqtaxkyk Bkj ekjysys

vkgs- ftus R;kph tkbZ ysVks fgyk =kl fnyk gksrk- bftIre/khy

vWiksQhl] teZuhe/khy ekbdkslkseZ] vYckuh;krhy dqy’ksnzk vkf.k

esyukfl;krhy dkb;k gs vusd liZ vkgsr-

izkphu xzhd e/;s vWxkFkWkl Mseu ¼nkuo½ gk ia[k vlysyk liZ

Eg.kwu izpfyr vkgs- liZ gk nSoh izk.kh vkgs- rks izk.knkrk vkgs- rks

vuar nsorscjkscj ;srks- R;kp cjkscj liZ gh ;q)nsork eMqZdkcjkscj

;srs- feFkjk gh dkynsork dksYgÓkkpk psgjk o likZps ‘kjhj /kkj.k

d:u ;srs- bftIre/;s fOgVks gh liZnsork ekuyh tkrs- fganw /kekZr

ns[khy eulk gh liZnsork liZna’kkiklwu eqäh feG.;klkBh iwftyh

tkrs- ckS) /kekZrhy Hkwr/kekZ gk jk{kl gk vkB likZaP;k Nk;s[kkyh

folkoysyk vkgs- izkphu Hkkjrke/;s vusd liZ mRlo lktjs dsys

tkrkr- bVyhe/;s lgkO;k rs vkBO;k ‘krdke/;s likZaph iwtk dsyh

tkr vlr- R;k likZauk nsorspk psgjk vlr- if’pe vkfÝdse/kwu

tsOgk vesfjdse/;s xqykekph vk;kr dj.;kr vkyh rsOgk R;kP;k liZ

fo”k;d :<h&ijaijkauh /kkfeZd vkf.k ;krqe; Lo:ikr likZph iwtk

Lohdkjyh gksrh-419 ;sxkjk&uks&gk;Mk ;kus ;qokckeh ;k likZyk Bkj

ekjysys vkgs-420 jk gk iw.kZi.ks lsV ;k nsorsoj voyacwu gksrk- visi

fdaok viksQhl gk liZ gksrk- lsV gk jk yk ijkHkwr djrks- ;k

feFke/;s lsV fo”k;d nksu n`f”Vdksu vkysys vkgsr- ifgyk n`f”Vdksu

Eg.kts rks jk ;k fo”k;h R;kph Hkwfedk ldkjkRed vkgs- lsV gh nsork

Fkk;ikWfu;u ;k izk.;kP;k ek/;ekrwu n’kZfoyh tkrs- R;kpk psgjk

izk.;kpk vkgs o ‘kjhj gs ekuoh vkgs- lsVP;k Hkksorh likZlg

osxosxGÓkk izdkjps izk.kh gksrs- visi gk liZ] jk gk nSoh vkRek gksrk-

rks e`R;wpk ‘k=w gksrk- visi gk ikrkGkrhy vkRE;kaoj vkØe.k

djrks- R;kpk ikrkGkrhy izokl ;krqe; gksrk-421 izkphu bftIre/;s

,iksQhl gh liZnsork Eg.kwu ekU;rk izkIr vkgs- jh ;k lw;Z nsorsph

689

rh ‘k=w vkgs( ijarq jh gh lw;Znsork esgu ;k liZ nsorseqGs lqjf{kr

vkgs- ikrkG izokl djrkauk rh R;kl enr djrs-422

izkphu eslksiksVksfe;k laLd`rhe/;s nksu izeq[k nsorkapk lanHkZ

vkgs- R;kapk laca/k ikrkGk’kh vkgs- R;kaiSdh ,d bjh’kfdxy vkf.k

nqljh fuxZy vkgs- izkphu eslksiksVheh;u laLd`fre/;s ikrkGkfo”k;d

nksu nSordFkk izpfyr vkgs- ikrkGkrhy loksZPPk nsorsfo”k;d R;k

vkgsr- lqQyhdj.k fo”k;d ekfgrh vl.kkÚ;k izfl) xzaFkke/;s]

ikrkGkr tk.;klkBh lkr }kj vkgsr- ;kiSdh izR;sd }kjkoj ,d nSoh

nsork }kjiky Eg.kwu vkgs- R;k ikrkGkph loksZPp nsork Eg.kts

bfj’kfdxy fdaok vykrw gh gks;- nqlÚ;k nSordFksuqlkj ;q) nsork

Eg.kwu fuxZy gk ;srks- R;kus pkSnk }kjkaoj pkSnk }kjiky fu;qä dsys

vkgsr- tsOgk bjh’kfdxy fgus fuxZy’kh fookg dj.;kps Bjoys- rsOgk

fuxZyps ‘kL= pedw ykxys- R;kposGh lw;Znsork gh izdk’keku

>kyh-423 xzhd laLd`rhuarj cÚ;kp dkyko/khus jkseu laLd`rhpk tUe

>kysyk vkgs- liZ gk blhlpk izfrfu/kh Eg.kwu ;srks- fDyvksik=k gh

Lor%yk blhlpk nwr letrs- th e`R;wph nsork vkgs-424 yksdksfu;u

fp=kae/;s liZ gk uk;dkyk Bkj ekj.kkjk vkgs- R;kuarj rks ikrkGkr

tkrks- flflQl gk R;kyk idMrks- R;kuarj liZ gk lGlGrks( ijarq

x#MkadMwu ¼fVVwl½ rks idMyk tkrks- vksMhlhe/;s o.kZu dsY;k izek.ks

ysVksoj cykRdkj dsY;keqGs likZyk f’k{kk nsrks-425

nkgkseh e/khy jktokMÓkkaP;k njoktkaoj ykdMh dykdqljhrwu

osxosxGÓkk vkd`rh dk<Y;k tkrkr- R;kiSdh [kkyP;k cktwyk likZus

Lor%ph ‘ksiVh eq[kkr ?ksrysyh vkgs] rj ojP;k cktwyk lw;Z vkf.k

panz ;kaP;k e/;s ljMk n’kZfoyk vkgs- uk;tsjh;u nSordFkkauqlkj tsOgk

ijes’ojkus i`Foh fuekZ.k dsyh rsOgk R;kus ljMÓkkyk fryk c?k.;klkBh

ikBoys- rsaOgk rh vtwu LFkwye; ukgh vls rks Eg.kkyk- >qyw

nSordFkkauqlkj ljMk gk ekuoktoG vkyk( rks ijes’ojkpk fujksi

690

?ksÅu rks Eg.kts rqEgh veR;Z vkgkr- R;kuarj fy>kMZ ,d ikÅy iq<s

vkyk vkf.k e`R;w vkgs] vls Eg.krkp e`R;w vkyk-

lqMku ;sFkhy fnudk tekrhP;k Eg.k.;kuqlkj txkrhy ifgyk

ekuo vkf.k L=h] xjax vkf.k vcqd ;kauh fp[ky r;kj dsyk vkf.k

,dk HkkaMÓkkr rks Bsoyk- tsOgk rs HkkaMs m?kMys rsOgk rks fp[ky eksBk

>kyk gksrk- R;k nks?kkalkBh ijes’ojkus R;k fp[kykrwu /kkU;kph fufeZrh

dsyh- R;kuarj rs /kkU; R;kauh xzg.k dsys- rsOgk vcwd o xjax ;kauk

nSoh ‘käh izkIr >kyh- R;krwu R;kP;k Ropspk jax ikyVyk-

R;kpcjkscj R;kyk vktkj cjs dj.;kps nSoh Kku izkIr >kys- gk xjax

vusdnk likZcjkscj vlrks- rs loZ yky vkf.k ika<Ú;k jaxkps vlrkr-

vcqd gh tynsork Bjyh- frps fpUg lq)k ygku liZp vkgs- vcqd

gh L=h izfrfu/kh vkgs- rh QGkaph vkf.k /kkU;kaph fuekZrh vkgs- th

Qä ,d L=hp vlw ‘kdrs-426 ekuokP;k ifgY;k iwoZtkus ,dk

ckLdsVe/;s fp[ky Vkdyk] rks vfr’k; egÙoiw.kZ gksrk- dkj.k rks

fo’o O;oLFkspk ikjn’khZ uewuk gksrk- R;k fp[kykyk xksy vkdkj

ns.;kr vkyk gksrk- rks xksykdkj lw;kZps :i gksrs- rj pkSdksuh vkdkj

gs vkdk’kkps :i gksrs- orqZGkdkj gs panzkps :i gksrs- L=h vkf.k iq#”k

gs f’kMhP;k Lo:ikr gksrs vkf.k rs iwoZtkaP;k oa’ktkapk izfrikG djhr

gksrs ekuo] izk.kh] i{kh] u{k= ;kaP;k leosr rs jkgr gksrs- ijes’ojkus

iwoZtkauk osxosxGÓkk ^ch* fnY;k- rs ekuo ‘kjhjkrhy ?kVdkaps izrhd

gksrs- dFkkudkrwu vls fun’kZukl ;srs dh] uqeks CyWdLehFk ;kus

ifgY;k iwoZtkyk tUe fnyk- gk ifgyk iwoZt banz/kuq”;kP;k Lo:ikr

i`Fohoj ;sr vlrks- R;klg rks ikÅl o oht ?ksÅu ;srks- tsOgk rks

;srks rsOgk ekuo] izk.kh gs loZ ikaxys tkrkr- ifgyk iwoZt gk fLeFk

gksrk- R;keqGs likZyk =kl gksr gksrk- dk/kZP;k Eg.k.;kuqlkj rks lkrok

iwoZt gksrk- likZus R;kyk Bkj dsys o R;kpk psgjk gk tfeuhP;k

[kkyh iqj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- R;klkBh R;kus tfeuhps [kksndke dsys-

691

MsxkWuP;k Eg.k.;kuqlkj] ijes’ojkP;k mís’kiwrhZlkBh ekuokps

fu;kstu dj.;kr vkys- rs vkB iwoZtkaP;k] vkB dqVqacke/;s jkgw

ykxys- vkBos dqVqac gs loksZÙke gksrs- R;k dqVqackrhy o;Ld O;ähyk

fych Eg.kwu vksG[kys tkr vlr- rks R;kapk izfrfu/kh gksrk- rks

e`R;wP;k toG xsyk gksrk( ijarq v|ki e`R;qeq[kh iMyk uOgrk- R;kpk

lkrok iwoZt gk liZ >kyk gksrk- R;kuarj likZus ekuo ‘kjhjkdkj

/kkj.k dsyk vkf.k vkRE;ke/;s izfo”V >kyk- vkB iwoZtkaph fu’kkuh

Eg.kwu vkB nxMa gs mÙkj fn’ksyk Bso.;kr vkys- rs fu’kku iwoZtkaps

pSrU;kP;k Lo:ikr gksrs- fych gk [kjks[kj esysyk uOgrk( ijarq ekuoh

lektklkBh pSrU; Lrks= Eg.kwu rks okgr gksrk- gk fychpk ekuoh

lewgklkBhpk R;kx gksrk-427

3-39 fu”d”kZ %

txHkjkrhy yksdekulkus fof/kfo/kkaukrwu vkf.k J)krwu liZ

izfrek ftoar Bsoysyh vkgs- /kekZph fufeZrhp eqGh ;krqizfØ;srwu

>kY;keqGs ;kRokRed fØ;srhy loZ izfrek deh tkLr izek.kkr /kekZus

Lor%P;k LFkkiuslkBh LohdkjysY;k vkgsr- ;KizfØ;k ok rRle

izfØ;srwu ;k loZ izfrek fpUgkafdr Lo:ikr mi;ksxkr vk.kY;k

tkrkr- fo’okrhy loZ /kekZr fulxZiwtk] o`{kiwtk vkf.k izkf.kiwtk

izpfyr vkgs- liZiwtk gh ns[khy ;kpkp vfoHkkT; Hkkx vkgs-

l`”VhP;k vkfne voLFksiklwu gh liZiwtk vfLrRokr gksrh- ;kps

nk[kys feGrkr- Hkkjrkr fla/kqlaLd`rhiklwu R;kps iqjkos lkiMrkr-

iqjk.kkrgh R;kps izfrfcac iMysys vkgs- fdacgquk txHkjkrhy

tkrh&tekrhauh l.k&mRlokaP;k] eafnjkaP;k] f’kYikaP;k ek/;ekrwu

liZiwtk tru d:u Bsoysyh vkgs- ukxiapehlkj[kk l.k egkjk”Vªkr

vktgh ijaijsus lktjk dsyk tkrks- larrhizkIrhlkBh] ,s’o;ZizkIrhlkBh

fofo/k izdkjph ukxozrs fL=a;k djrkauk fnlwu ;srkr- fofo/k izdkjP;k

foHkwrh gÓkk liZfo”kgkjh nsork Eg.kwu izpfyr >kysY;k ikgko;kl

692

feGrkr- liZ izfrek gh cgqvk;keh izfrek vkgs- l`”Vhph fufeZrh gh

likZusp dsysyh vkgs- v’kh yksd/kkj.kk vkgs- vkfÝdk] vkWLVsªfy;k]

bjk.k] vesfjdk] xzhd] jkseu ;k izns’kkrhy th liZ izfrek ;srs] rh

O;kIr Lo:ikph vkgs- dky] e`R;w] lqQyhdj.k] oS|dh; {ks=

v’kka’kh rh fuxfMr vkgs- tUe&e`R;w gÓkk uSlfxZd fØ;s’kh dsoG liZ

gh izfrek lacaf/kr B: ‘kdrs- O;fätUekiklwu l`f”VtUeki;Zar liZ

gkp izk.kh dkj.khHkwr vkgs- R;kaP;k vk’khokZnkusp pØorhZ lezkV

O;äh gksÅ ‘kdrks- rj izk.k gj.k dj.kkjkgh rksp- rh ,d l`”Vh

O;ogkjkph vfrekuoh ‘käh vkgs-

Hkkjrh; tuekulkoj iqjk.kxzaFkkpk izHkko vf/kd vkgs- R;keqGs

Hkkjrh; yksdekulkus likZph ikSjkf.kd izfrek Lohdkjysyh fnlwu ;srs-

R;kauh likZauk fofo/k ikSjkf.kd ukos fnysyh vkgs- dk’ehjiklwu

dU;kdqekjhi;Zar gh ukos iksgkspysyh ikgko;kl feGrkr- vU;

ns’kkae/;s vlk iz?kkr ukgh- fo”.kw vkf.k f’ko gh ikSjkf.kd izfrek

likZphp ekuoh :is vkgsr- vls vafrer% Eg.kkos ykxrs- ‘kadjkP;k

HkkGkojhy panzkph f}rh;sph dksj gh iqutZUekph ladsr vkgs- rks

xaxk/kj vkgs- ukj izfres’kh likZcjkscj f’ko vkf.k fo”.kwph izfrekgh

layfXur gksrkuk fnlrs- fganw /kekZr ikSjkf.kd izfrek egÙoiw.kZ ekuY;k

tkrkr- R;k izfrekauk lkadsfrd vFkZ izkIr >kysyk vlrks- ‘kkälaiznk;

fdaok ra=laiznk;ke/;s fofo/k HkkSfefrd vkdkjekukph ;a=jpuk

fo/khlkBh dsysyh vlrs- rh HkkSfefrd jpuk ‘kD;rks orqZGkdkj

vlrs- orqZGkpk nqljk vFkZ liZ vlk gksrks- ;kfBdk.kh izrhdkRed

Lo:ikr liZ izfrek Lohdkjyh tkrs-

likZpk laca/k ;{kka’kh tksMyk xsysyk vkgs- ;{kkaps loZ

xq.kfo’ks”k ukxkae/;sgh ikgko;kl feGrkr- u`flag] x.kirh gh ;{kkapsp

izfrfu/kh vkgsr- rs likZP;k lkfé/;kr vkgs- T;ksfr”k’kkL=ke/;s es?kakuk

liZ gh laKk fnyh xsyh vkgs- lqQyhdj.k fo/khe/;s ikolkyk vR;ar

693

egÙokps LFkku vlrs- es?k &liZ gsp ikÅl ikMrkr vkf.k l`”Vhyk

moZjk djrkr- L=hP;k jt%L=kok’khgh likZpk egÙoiw.kZ laca/k vkgs-

panzkph iwtk fganw vkf.k eqLyhe /kekZr fo’ks”kRokus dsyh tkrs- R;kapk

gsrw oa’ko`)h o iqutZUe gkp vlkok- panz ghp e`R;wph] iqutZUekph

nsork vkgs-

yksdekulke/;s LoIukauk ns[khy egÙoiw.kZ LFkku vkgs- likZps

LoIukrhy LFkku vHkwriwoZ Lo:ikps vkgs- LoIukrhy R;kP;k n`”Vkarkus

iq=izkIrhph bPNk] dkeHkksxkph bPNk O;ä gksrs- yksdekul gs lkewfgd

usf.kosrwu izokl djr vlrs- lkgp;Z laca/kkrwu fulxkZrhy vusd

?kfVrkapk ‘kks/k ?ksrk ;srks- R;k izR;sd ?kfVrkph ,d dkj.kehekalk

dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk tkrks( ijarq rh dkj.kehekalk HkkSfrd

ikrGhojhy vlsy vls ukgh rj ;kRokRed ikrGhojphgh vlw

‘kdrs- yksdekulkrhy ukxizfrespk vUo;kFkZ ykorkauk gh ;kRokRed

cktw y{kkr ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs- laiw.kZ txHkjkrhy yksdekulkr gh

;kRokRedrk deh tkLr izek.kkr f>jiysyh vkgs- gh ;kRokRedrk

^vlw* ;k ladYius’kh lacaf/kr vkgs- gh ^vlw* txrkpk izk.k vkgs

vkf.k gk izk.k liZ izfresr lekfo”V vkgs- R;keqGs txrkP;k

O;ogkjkpk dsanzfcanw gk liZ Bjrks- fulxkZrhy loZ ?kVukpØ gs dsoG

R;kaP;keqGsp ‘kD; gksrkr- R;keqGsp rks vfrekuoh ‘käh Bjrks] gs

ekU; djkos ykxrs- ekuoh lektkP;k lkaLd`frd O;ogkjkr ;k

izfresyk ekukps LFkku vkgs-

694

lanHkZ lwph%

1- cqf/noknkpk /kzqorkjk] MkW- n- ds- dsGdj] izdk- euksgj

xzaFkekyk]iq.ks] iz-vk- 1972] i`- 60]61-

2- ejkBh O;qRiRrh dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW- —-ik-dqyd.khZ]’kqHknk

lkjLor izdk-]iq.ks]iqueqZnz.k]2004] i`- 38-

3- Hkkjrh; lektfoKku dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW- l-ek- xxsZ] izdk-

lektfoKku eaMG]iq.ks]iz-vk-1987] i`- 518] 519-

4- rS=o] i`- 518] 519-

5- yksdlkfgR;kps Lo:i] MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs]xksnkojh izdk-

vkSjaxkckn]fr-vk-1995 i`- 89]90-

6- yksdlkfgR; ladYiuk o Lo:i] MkW- ‘kjn O;ogkjs]dSyk’k

ifCyds’ku]vkSjaxkckn]1999] i`- 23]24]25-

7- yksdlkfgR;kps Lo:i] MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs] xksnkojh izdk-

vkSjaxkckn]fr-vk-1995 i`- 88-

8- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k][kaM 4 Fkk] ¼laik-½ ia- egknso’kkL=h

tks’kh] izdk-Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]iqueqZnz.k 1994] i`- 431 rs

444-

9- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 1 yk] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h

tks’kh] izdk-Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]iz-vk-1962] i`- 114]115-

10- xktrh nSors] ia-egknso’kkL=h tks’kh]vueksy izdk-iq.ks]iz-vk-

1995] i`- 83]84-

11- yksdlkfgR;kph :ijs[kk] MkW- nqxkZ Hkkxor]ojnk

cqDl]iq.ks]naq-vk-1977] i`- 221 rs 226-

12- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 9 ok] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h

tks’kh] izdk-Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]fr-vk-2000 i`- 148-


tks’kh] izdk-Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]fr-vk-2000 i`- 442-

695

14- yksdlaLd`rhpk var%izokg] MkW- ‘kjn O;ogkjs]izfrek izdk-

iq.ks]iz-vk-1999 i`- 17-

15- nsokaph tUedFkk] MkW- iq”ik f=yksdsdj]Jhfo|k izdk-iq.ks]nq-

vk-2008] i`- 147-

16- yksdlkfgR;kph :ijs[kk] MkW-nqxkZ Hkkxor] ojnk cqDl]iq.ks]naq-

vk-1977] i`- 226 rs 228-

17- izkjafHkd ,sfrgkfld dkG rs okdkVd dkG] MkW- v-‘ka-

ikBd] egkjk”Vª jkT; xW>sfV;j]¼izkphu dkG½ [kaM 1 yk]

¼laik-½ MkW-v-‘ka- ikBd]izdk-nk’kZfudk foHkkx]lka-fo-e-‘kk-

eqacbZ]iz-vk-2002] i`- 560-

18- gkylkrokgukph xkFkklIr’krh] ¼laik-½ l- vk- tksxGsdj]

izlkn izdk- iq.ks- iz-vk- 1956] ¼izkLrkfod½ i`-181-

19- Hkkjrkph ewfrZdyk] ia- egknso’kkL=h tks’kh] vueksy izdk-

iq.ks] iz-vk-1980] i`-78-

20- The Encyclopedia of Religion, vol. x, Mircea Ediade,

Macmillan Pub, New York, 1987, P. 294.

21- Religions of the world, S. Vermon Mc. Casland, Grace

E. Cairns, David C.Y.U.,United states by Roman House,

New York,1969, P. 438.


tks’kh]izdk-Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]pkS-vk-2001] i`- 139-


tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]fr-vk-2000] i`- 51-

24- fl/nkFkZ tkrd] [kaM 1 yk] ¼laik-½ MkW- nqxkZ Hkkxor] ojnk

cqDl]iq.ks]iz-vk-1975] i`- 71-

25- eÚgkVh laL—rh% dkgh leL;k] ‘ka-ck-tks'kh] ¼laik-olar

tks’kh½fOgul izdk-iq.ks]nq-vk-1980 i`- 23]24-

696

26- nsokaph tUedFkk] MkW- iq”ik f=yksdsdj] Jhfo|k izdk-iq.ks]nq-

vk-2008] i`-63]64-

27- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serpent - (symbolism)

28- http://www.reptilianagenda.com/research/r073101 . shtml

29- http://www.therianthropes.com/nagas_mythology.htm

30- http://www.reptilianagenda.com/research/r.73101 a.shtml

31- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagavanshi

32- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serpent _ (symbolism)

33- man, myth and magic, Vol. XI, Dave Extr, Pub. Marshall

Cavendish Corporation, New York, 1983, P. 2529

34- http://www.reptilianagenda.com/research/r.73103 a.shtml

35- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N% c4% 8199

36- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chinese_dragon

37- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptilian_humanoid

38- yamata no orochi-wilipedia, the free encyclopedia

39- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N% c4% 819a


41- Ebid



44- oSfnd nsork vkf.k laiznk;] ‘ka-ck-tks’kh ¼laik-dY;k.k

dkGs½] ekuo/keZ izdk-] /kkjokM] iz-vk-2004] i`-127]

128] 129-


46- Ebid

47- African mythology, Geoffery Parrinder, Pub.The

Hamlyn Publishing Group. Ltd. Middlesex. Second Ed.

1969, P.46,48

697

48- Ebid



51- Ebid

52- Ebid

53- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 4Fkk] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h

tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]iqueqZnz.k 1994] i`- 738-


vk-2008] i`- 196] 197-

55- vk;kZaP;k l.kkapk izkphu o vokZphu bfrgkl] _Xosnh] izkK

ikB’kkGk izdk-okbZ]fr-vk-1979] i`-3

56- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k][kaM 10 ok] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h

tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]fr-vk-2000] i`- 171]172-

57- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 3 jk] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h

tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]pkS-vk-2005] i`- 784-

58- Jko.k Hkknzin] ¼laik-½ MkW- ljksftuh ckcj]e-yks-l-eqacbZ] iz-

vk-1985] i`- 888-

59- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 4 Fkk] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h

tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]iqueqZnz.k 1994] i`- 739]740-









698



65- Jko.k Hkknzin] ¼laik-½ MkW- ljksftuh ckcj] e-yks-l-eqacbZ] es

1985]i`- 36-

66- r=So] i`-34]35-




tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]pkS-vk-2005] i`- 359]360-





71- xkoxkMÓkkckgsj] MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs]ifjey izdk-vkSjaxkckn]iz-

vk-1983] i`-77-



73- nf{k.k dk’kh iSB.k] MkW- jk- Jh- eksjoaphdj]jfojkt izdk-

iq.ks-iz-vk-1987] i`-161] 162-

74- cnkehps pkyqD; rs ;kno] MkW- ekyrh egktu] egkjk”Vª

jkT; xW>sfV;j] izkphudkG] [kaM 1 yk] ¼laik-½ MkW-

v:.kpanz ikBd] izdk-nk’kZfudk foHkkx]lka-fo-e-‘kk-eqacbZ]iz-

vk-2002] i`-649-





699



78- egkHkkjrkph ‘kkiok.kh] MkW- Jh- ja- fHkMs]dkWfUVusaVy izdk-

iq.ks]iz-vk-1991] i`- 304-


ikB’kkGk izdk-okbZ]fr-vk-1979] i`-224-



81- e/kqdj] fouksck Hkkos]ija/kke izdk-ioukj]o/kkZ-vk-

lksGkoh]2007] i`- 28-


ikB’kkGk izdk-okbZ]fr-vk-1979] i`-158-

83- r=So]i`- 158 rs 161-



85- Jko.k Hkknzin] ¼laik-½ MkW- ljksftuh ckcj] e-jk-yks-l-

eqacbZ]iz-vk-1985 i`- 39-

86- Hkweh vkf.k L=h] MkW- ‘kSyk yksfg;k]xksnkojh izdk- vkSjaxkckn]

iz-vk-2000] i`-48-

87- xktrh nSors] ia- egknso’kkL=h tks’kh]vueksy izdk-iq.ks]iz-

vk-1995] i`- 105] 106-

88- Jko.k Hkknzin] ¼laik-½ MkW- ljksftuh ckcj] e-jk-yks-l-

eqacbZ]iz-vk-1985 i`- 153-

89- r=So] i`- 154-

90- r=So] i`- 155 rs 158-



700

92- /keZ’kkL=kpk bfrgkl ¼mRrjk/kZ½] MkW-e-e-dk.ks]¼vuq-;-ok-

HkV½]e-jk-lk-la-ea-eqacbZ]f}-vk-1880] i`- 198]199-

93- f=fiaMh ukjk;.k ukxcGh iz;ksx] os-‘kk-la-—-e-

ckiV’kkL=h]jkts’k izdk- iq.ks] i`-17-



95- uanknhi] ¼laik-½ MkW- ljksftuh ckcj] e-jk-yks-l-eqacbZ]iz-vk-

1995 i`- 167 rs 169-

96- ejkBh O;qRiRrh dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW- —-ik-dqyd.khZ] ’kqHknk

lkjLor izdk-]iq.ks]iqueqZnz.k]2004] i`-24-

97- lqyHk T;ksfr”k’kkL=]—- fo- lkseu izdk-T;ksrh

<oGs]eqacbZ]iqueqZnz.k 2003] i`- 66-


tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]iz-vk-1962] i`- 146] 147-


ikB’kkGk izdk-okbZ]fr-vk-1979] i`- 261-

100- Jh x.ks’k dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW- vejsanz xkMxhG]izdk-Jhjke cqd

,tUlh]iq.ks]iz-vk-1968] i`-498-

101- oSfnd nsork vkf.k laiznk;] ‘ka-ck- tks'kh] ¼laik-dY;k.k

dkGs½]ekuo/keZ izdk-]/kkjokM] iz-vk-2004] i`- 182-





104- r=So] i`- 316-



701



107- r=So-

108- r=So-



110- lqyHk T;ksfr”k’kkL=] —-fo- lkse.k]izdk-T;ksrh

<oGs]eqacbZ]iqueqZnz.k 2003] i`-69-




tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]pkS-vk-2005] i`- 625] 626-

113- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k][kaM 4 Fkk] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h




115- Jh okjkg egkiqjk.k] ¼laik-½Jhdkar xksoaMs] lkjFkh izdk-iq.ks-

iz-vk-1997]i`- 154]155-









702






tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]iz-vk-2004] i`- 186-


tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]iqueqZnz.k]2003] i`- 113-





126- yksdlaL—rhpk var%izokg] MkW- ‘kjn O;ogkjs] izfrek izdk-

iq.ks]iz-vk-1999]i`- 64]65-

127- Jh x.ks’k dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW-vejsanz xkMxhG]izdk-Jhjke cqd

,tUlh]iq.ks]iz-vk-1968] i`- 260-

128- r=So] i`- 257-

129- Mexican and central Amercian mythology, Irene

Nicholoson, Hamlyn House, England, Third Ed. 1973,

Middlesex , P. 19,21.


131- http://www.khandro.net/animal-serpent_htm

132- African Mythology, Geoffrey Parrinder, Pub. The

Hamlyn publishing Group. Ltd. Middlesex. Second Ed.

1969, P. 22, 23.

133- Ebid , P. 38.

134- Ebid ,P. 42, 45.

703

135- The Encylopedia of Religion V 13, Mircea Ediade,

Macmillan Pub, New York, 1987, P.373.

136- Ebid , P. 370

137- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 1 yk] ¼laik-½ Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk

izdk- iq.ks] frljh vk- 1986] i`- 5-

138- African Mythology, Geoffrey Parrinder, Pub, The

Hamlyn Publishing Group. Ltd. Middlesex. Second Ed.

1969 P. 23.

139- Man, Myth and Magic, Vol. IX, extr Dave,Pub.Marshall

Cavendish Corp,New York,1983, P.2529, 2530.

140- African Mythology,Geoffrey Parrinder, Pub,The Hamlyn

publishing Group. Ltd. Middlesex. Second Ed.1969

P. 76,77

141- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_serpent

142- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese _ dragon

143- http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sumer_anunnaki/reptil

es/reptiles 15.htm

144- http://www.khandro.net/mysterius_dragon.1.htm


146- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese _ dragon

147- Ebid

148- Ebid

149- Man, Myth and Magic, Vol. III, Extr Dave, Pub.

Marshall Cavendish Corp, New York,1983, , P.690.

150- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N% c4% 819a

151- Naga_wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

152- http://www.therianthropes.com/nagas_mythology-htm

153- http://www.khandrao.net/mysterious_naga.htm

704

154- ek/ko ikVhy ;kapk ys[k nS- iq<kjh ¼cgkj iqjo.kh½dksYgkiwj

vko`Rrh]fn 5-07-2009 ]i`- 1


156- Ebid

157- Ebid

158- http://www.khandrao.net/animal_serpent.htm

159- ejkBh O;qRiRrh dks’k]¼laik-½MkW-—-ik-dqyd.khZ] ’kqHknk


160- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 2 jk]¼laik-½ia-egknso’kkL=h


161- dkyliZ;ksx ‘kks/k vkf.k cks/k] ia- fdluyky ‘kekZ]ljLorh

cqd Msiks]iq.ks]iz-vk-2003] i`-16]17-

162- Man, Myth and Magic, Vol. II, Extr Dave, Extr Dave,

Pub. Marshall Cavendish Corp, New York,1983, P.335.

163- Man, Myth and Magic, Vol. VI, Extr Dave, Extr Dave,

Pub. Marshall Cavendish Corp, New York,1983, P.1714.

164- Jko.k&Hkknzin]¼laik-½ MkW-ljksftuh ckcj] e-jk-yks-l-eqacbZ]iz-

vk-1985 i`- 153]154-

165- oSfnd nsork vkf.k laiznk;] ‘ka-ck-tks'kh] ¼laik-dY;k.k

dkGs½]ekuo/keZ izdk-]/kkjokM] iz-vk-2004] i`-

252]253]116-

166- yTtkxkSjh] jk- fpa-<sjs]Jhfo|k izdk-iq.ks]iz-vk-1988]i`- 96-

167- /keZ vkf.k yksdlkfgR;] MkW- nqxkZ Hkkxor]ikWI;qyj izdk-


168- yksdlkfgR;kph :ijs[kk] MkW- nqxkZ Hkkxor] ojnk

cqDl]iq.ks]naq-vk-1977] i`- 182-

169- r=So] i`- 330-

705

170- uknczã] ¼laik-½ MkW- ljksftuh ckcj] e-jk-yks-l-eqacbZ]iz-vk-

1995 i`- 21]22-

171- Jh okjkg egkiqjk.k] ¼laik-½ Jhdkar xksoaMs]lkjFkh izdk-iq.ks]iz-

vk-1997] i`- 103]104-

172- nkl’kwnzkaph xqykefxjh] MkW- ‘kjn ikVhy]izkK ikB’kkGk

okbZ]iz-vk-1982] i`- 199-

173- r=So-

174- oSfnd nsork vkf.k laiznk;] ‘ka-ck-tks'kh] ¼laik-dY;k.k

dkGs½]ekuo/keZ izdk-]/kkjokM] iz-vk-2004] i`-

191]200]201]205]336] 337]338-

175- jkek;.k&egkHkkjrkrhy o.kZ la?k”kZ] MkW- ‘kjn ikVhy]ekoGkbZ

izdk-f’k:j]nq-vk-2005] i`-44-

176- oSfnd nsork vkf.k laiznk;] ‘ka-ck-tks’kh] ¼laik-dY;k.k

dkGs½]ekuo/keZ izdk-]/kkjokM] iz-vk-2004] i`-361]

362-

177- http://www.khandrao.net/mysterious_dragon1.htm

178- The Encyclopedia of Religion. V. 13, Mircea Ediade

Macmillan Pub,New York,1987,P.372

179- eÚgkVh laL—rh % dkgh leL;k] ‘ka-ck-tks’kh] ¼laik-olar

tks’kh½fOgul izdk-iq.ks]nq-vk-1980 i`- 243] 244-

180- r=So] i`- 130]131-

181- r=So] i`- 78]79-

182- nkl’kwnzkaph xqykefxjh] MkW- ‘kjn ikVhy] izkK ikB’kkGk

okbZ] iz-vk-1985] i`- 320]321-

183- r=So] i`- 205]206-

184- r=So] i`- 169] 170-

185- r=So] i`- 164] 165-

706

186- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 8 ok ] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h

tks’kh] i`- Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]pkS-vk-2005] 496 rs498-

187- _XoSfnd vlqj vkSj vk;Z]MkW-,l-,y- fueksZgh flagnso]jk/kk

ifCyds’ku]ubZ fnYyh]iz-la-2007] i`- 74]75-

188- Xktrh yksdnSors] ia-egknso’kkL=h tks’kh]vueksy izdk-iq.ks]iz-

vk-1995] i`- 24]25-



190- nSR;cGh o dqaryns’k egkjk”Vª] MkW- uhjt lkGqa[ks]yksdk;r

izdk-lkrkjk]f}-vk-2007 i`- 157-

191- jkek;.k&egkHkkjrkrhy o.kZ la?k”kZ] MkW- ‘kjn ikVhy]ekoGkbZ

izdk-f’k:j]nq-vk-2005] i`- 119]120-

192- JhokYehfdjkek;.k] [kaM 3 jk] ¼laik-½ Hkkyck dsGdj]

ojnk izdk-iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 135-



194- xktrh yksdnSors] ia- egknso’kkL=h tks’kh]vueksy izdk-

iq.ks]iz-vk-1995] i`- 25-

195- nSR;cGh o dqaryns’k egkjk”Vª] MkW- uhjt lkGqa[ks] yksdk;r


196- r=So] i`- 56-

197- yksdk;r] MkW- l-jk- xkMxhG]yksdokM~-e; x`g izdk-

eqacbZ]nq-vk-1984] i`-142]143-

198- r=So] i`- 174]176-

199- yksdlkfgR;kps var%izokg] MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs] xksnkojh izdk-


707

200-yksdk;r] MkW-l-jk- xkMxhG] yksdokM~-e; x`g izdk-

eqacbZ]nq-vk-1984] i`- 181-


dkGs½]ekuo/keZ izdk-]/kkjokM] iz-vk-2004] i`- 57]58-

202- r=So] i`- 173]174-

203-yksdk;r] MkW- l-jk- xkMxhG] yksdokM~-e; x`g izdk-

eqacbZ]nq-vk-1984] i`- 183]184-

204- xktrh yksdnSors] ia- egknso’kkL=h tks’kh]vueksy izdk-

iq.ks]iz-vk-1995] i`- 22 rs 24-

205- nSR;cGh o dqaryns’k egkjk”Vª] MkW- uhjt lkGqa[ks] yksdk;r


206- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 2jk] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h


207-oSfnd nsork vkf.k laiznk;] ‘ka-ck-tks’kh] ¼laik-dY;k.k


208- jkek;.k&egkHkkjrkrhy dkensokps cGh] MkW- Jh- ja-

fHkMs]iùxa/kk izdk-iq.ks-iz-vk-2008] i`-15-

209-eÚgkVh laL—rh % dkgh leL;k] ‘ka-ck-tks’kh] ¼laik-olar

tks’kh½fOgul izdk-iq.ks]nq-vk-1980 i`- 236-

210- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 8 ok] ¼laik-½egknso’kkL=h


211- http://www.khandrao.net/mysterious_makaras1.htm

212- ejkBh O;qRiRrh dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW-—-ik- dqyd.khZ] ’kqHknk

lkjLor izdk-]iq.ks]iqueqZnz.k]2004] i`-75] 480-

213- vMxqya&eMxqya] MkW- fo’oukFk [kSjs]laer izdk-iq.ks]nq-vk-

2001] i`- 125-

708

214- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr [kaM 9 ok ¼gfjoa’k [kaM 1yk½] ¼laik-½

Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk izdk-iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`-3-

215- Jh okjkg egkiqjk.k] ¼laik-½ Jhdkar xksoaMs]lkjFkh izdk-iq.ks]iz-

vk-1997] i`-6]7-

216- eÚgkVh laL—rh % dkgh leL;k] ‘ka-ck-tks’kh] ¼laik-olar

tks’kh½fOgul izdk-iq.ks]nq-vk-1980 i`- 231]232-

217- iqjk.kdFkk vkf.k okLrork] MkW- Mh-Mh-dkslach] ¼vuq-olar

rqGiqGs½]yksdokM~-e; x`g]eqacbZ]fr-vk-2004] i`- 41]42-

218- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr [kaM 6 ok¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk izdk-

iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 773]774]775-

219- r=So] i`- 790-


iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 428] 429]431] 436]

441]442]464-




iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 86]87-



224- r=So] i`- 148-

225- r=So] i`- 145-

226- r=So] i`- 4-

227- r=So] i`- 286-

228- r=So] i`- 249] 250-

229- ejkBh O;qRiRrh dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW-—-ik- dqyd.khZ]’kqHknk


709

230- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr [kaM 7 ok]¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk

izdk-iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 45-

231- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr [kaM 5 ok] ¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk


232- iqjk.kdFkk vkf.k okLrork] MkW- Mh-Mh- dkslach] ¼vuq-olar

rqGiqGs½]yksdokM~-e; x`g]eqacbZ]fr-vk-2004] i`- 49-

233- http://www.reptilianagenda.com/research/r 073101a.

shtml


dkGs½]ekuo/keZizdk-]/kkjokM]iz-vk-2004]i`-130]131]185-



236-yTtkxkSjh] MkW- jk- fpa-<sjs] Jhfo|k izdk-iq.ks]iz-vk-1988]

i`- 65]66-

237- izkphu Hkkjrkrhy ukx] MkW- ,p~-,y- dkslkjs] Kkuiznhi izdk-

ukxiwj]iz]vk]1989] i`- 147-

238-Lokayat, Daviprasad Chatopadhyaya, Peoples Pub.

House, New Delhi, First Ed. 1959, P. 314.

239- Hkweh vkf.k L=h] MkW- ‘kSyk yksfg;k]xksnkojh izdk-

vkSjaxkckn]iz-vk-2000] i`- 65] 165-

240- Rkezik”kk.k ;qx] MkW- ek- ds- <oGhdj] egkjk”Vª jkT;

xS>sVh;j ¼izkphu dkG½] [kaM 1 yk] MkW-v:.kpanz

ikBd]iwoksZDr] i`-81 rs 83-

241- nsokaph tUedFkk] MkW-iq”ik f=yksdsdj] Jhfo|k izdk-iq.ks]nq-

vk-2008] i`- 124-

242-yksdk;r] MkW- l- jk- xkMxhG] yksdokM~-e; x`g izdk-

eqacbZ]nq-vk-1984] i`- 97]98-

710

243- Hkweh vkf.k L=h] MkW- ‘kSyk yksfg;k] xksnkojh izdk-

vkSjaxkckn]iz-vk-2000] i`- 167] 168-


i`- 149 rs 152-

245-Man, Myth and Magic, Vol. I, Extr Dave, Macmillan

Pub. New York, 1987, P. 129.

246-Man, Myth and Magic, Vol. IX, Extr Dave, Macmillan

Pub. New York, 1987, P. 2529.

247-Mexican and Central Americal Mythology, Irene

Nicholoson, Hamlyn House, Middlesex, Third Ed.1973,

P. 20,29,135.


i`- 66]67-

249- lexz uk-xks- ukankiwjdj ¼[kaM 2 jk½]laik-n-i-tks’kh]m”kk

tks’kh]izdk-e-lk-i-gSnzkckn]iz-vk-2004] i`-813-

250- iqjk.kdFkk vkf.k okLrork] MkW- Mh-Mh- dkslach] ¼vuq-olar

rqGiqGs½]yksdokM~-e; x`g]eqacbZ]fr-vk-2004] i`- 99]

100-

251- yTtkxkSjh] MkW- jk- fpa-<sjs] Jhfo|k izdk-iq.ks]iz-vk-1988]

i`- 124]126-





254- Lokayat, Daviprasad Chatopadhyaya, Peoples

Pub.House, New Delhi, First Ed.1959, P. 295.

255- Hkkjrkph ewfrZdyk] ia- egknso’kkL=h tks’kh]vueksy izdk-

iq.ks]iz-vk-1980] i`-76]77-

711



257- yTtkxkSjh] MkW- jk- fpa- <sjs] Jhfo|k izdk- iq.ks] iz- vk-

1988 i`- 207-

258- yksdnSorkaps fo’o] MkW- jk- fpa-<sjs]iùxa/kk izdk-iq.ks]iz-vk-

1998] i`- 13]14]15-

259- The abstract in Osian Iconography, D.D. Kaushik, Indian

Ancient past, (Ed.) Shankar Goyal, Pub.Book Enclave,

Jaipur, First Ed.2004, P. 497, 498.

260- http://www.reptilianagenda.com/research/r073101a.shtml

261- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 7 ok] ¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk






264- ¼laik-½ dqyd.khZ —-ik- ejkBh O;qRiRrh dks’k] ’kqHknk

lkjLor izdk-] iq.ks] iqueqZnz.k] 2004] i`- 742-





267- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 9ok]¼gfjoa’k [kaM 1 yk½]¼laik-½

Hkkyck dsGdj]ojnk izdk- iq.ks-fr-vk-1986]i`-368] 369-

268- r=So] i`- 368-

269- r=So] i`- 210 rs 213-

712


dkGs½]ekuo/keZ izdk-]/kkjokM]iz-vk-2004] i`- 114] 115-

271- jkek;.k egkHkkjrkrhy o.kZla?k”kZ] MkW- ‘kjn ikVhy]ekoGkbZ

izdk-f’k:j]nq-vk-2005] i`- 123-



273- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 9 ok] ¼laik-½ ia- egknso’kkL=h


274- Hkkjrkph ewfrZdyk] ia- egknso’kkL=h tks’kh]vueksy izdk-

iq.ks] iz-vk-1980] i`- 74-

275- nSR;cGh o dqaryns’k egkjk”Vª] MkW-uhjt lkGqa[ks] yksdk;r

izdk-lkrkjk]f}-vk-2007 i`- 80] 81-

276- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 10ok] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h


277- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 5ok] i`-¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk

izdk-iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] 124rs 126]130-

278-yksdnSorkaps fo’o] MkW- jk- fpa-<sjs]iùxa/kk izdk-iq.ks]iz-vk-

1996] i`- 75]76-

279-yTtkxkSjh] MkW- jk- fpa-<sjs] Jhfo|k izdk-iq.ks] iz- vk-

1988 i`- 158-

280- r=So] i`- 158]159-

281- r=So] i`- 160-

282- r=So] i`- 162]163-

283-yksdlaL—rhph f{krhts] MkW- jk- fpa-<sjs]fo’odekZ

lkfgR;ky;]iq.ks]iz-vk-1971] i`- 16]17]18]63-

284- ejkBh yksdkaph laL—rh] MkW- bjkorh dosZ] izdk-ns’keq[k

vkf.k daiuh]iq.ks]nq-vk-1962 i`- 215 rs 219-

713

285- Jh x.ks’k dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW-vejsanz xkMxhG]izdk-Jhjke cqd

,tUlh]iq.ks]iz-vk-1968] i`- 560] 567] 259-

286-ejkBh O;qRiRrh dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW-—-ik- dqyd.khZ] ’kqHknk



tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]pkS-vk-2001] i`- 441rs445-


dkGs½]ekuo/keZ izdk-]/kkjokM] iz-vk-2004]i`- 138] 139-

289-laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 6 ok] ¼laik-½ Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk


290-laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 10 ok] ¼gfjoa’k [kaM 2jk½]¼laik-½

Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk izdk-iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 641-

291- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 9 ok] ¼gfjoa’k [kaM 1yk½]¼laik-½

Hkkyck dsGdj ojnk izdk-iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 219

rs 222-

292-dkyfu.kZ; iapkax] t;ar lkGxkaodj]lqeaxy

izsl]eqacbZ]2007 i`- 31 rs 36-

293-vFkoZosn] ¼laik-½l-—-nso/kj] izlkn izdk-iq.ks iz-vk-1903]

i`- 339] 340-

294- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 1yk] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h


295-dkyfu.kZ; iapkax] t;ar lkGxkaodj]lqeaxy

izsl]eqacbZ]2007 i`- 31rs 35

296-lqcks/k Hk`xqlafgrk ¼tkrd[kaM½ [kaM 7 ok] ¼laik-½ds-fHk-

<oGs i`- 78-

297-vk;kZaP;k l.kkapk izkphu o vokZphu bfrgkl] _Xosnh] izkK


714

298- nkrs iapkax ¼2005&06½] izdk- nkrst~ vYdue izk- fy-

lksykiwj] i`-27-

299-Jh okjkg egkiqjk.k] ¼laik-½ Jhdkar xksoaMs]lkjFkh izdk-iq.ks-iz-

vk-1997] i`- 91]92-

300-oSfnd laL—rhpk fodkl] rdZrhFkZ y{e.k’kkL=h tks'kh] izkK

ikB’kkGk]okbZ]nq-vk-1972] i`- 204-



302-vFkoZosn] ¼laik-½l-—- nso/kj] izlkn izdk-iq.ks iz-vk-

1903] i`- 72-

303- r=So] i`- 262-

304- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 3 jk] ¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk

izdk-iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 229 rs 231-







308- http://www.khandrao.net/mysterious_dragon1.htm

309-yksdlkfgR;kph :ijs[kk] MkW- nqxkZ Hkkxor] ojnk

cqDl]iq.ks]naq-vk-1977] i`-210 rs 212-

310- Hkkjrh; laL—rhdks’k] [kaM 4 Fkk] ¼laik-½ ia-egknso’kkL=h


311- egkHkkjr milagkj] MkW- fp-fo-oS|]¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj]

ojnk izdk-iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 408-

715



313- r=So] i`- 362]363-

314- r=So] i`- 179]180-

315- fiz;k ekyo.kdj ;kapk ys[k] tuizokg] ekfld ¼16 twu

2007½] ¼laik-½ lqjs’k gkds] i`- 31-

316- r=So] i`- 24]25-

317- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 2 jk] ¼laik-½egknso’kkL=h tks’kh]

Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]pkS-vk-2004] i`- 509]510-

318- lqcks/k Hk`xqlafgrk ¼tkrd[kaM½ [kaM 7 ok] ¼laik-½ ds-fHk-

<oGs]i`- 210 rs 215-

319- fiz;k ekyo.kdj ;kapk ys[k]tuizokg] ekfld ¼16 vkWxLV

2004½]¼laik-½ lqjs’k gkds] i`- 46-

320- fiz;k ekyo.kdj ;kapk ys[k]tuizokg] ekfld ¼16 twu

2007½]¼laik-½ lqjs’k gkds] i`- 34]35-




ckiV’kkL=h]jkts’k izdk- iq.ks] i`- 29 rs 32-



324- fl/nkFkZ tkrd] [kaM 1 yk] ¼laik-½ MkW- nqxkZ Hkkxor] ojnk


325- The Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol. 13, Mircea Ediade

Macmillan Pub.New York,1987,P.370, 371.

326-Greek mythology, John Pinsent ,The Std. Lit.Co.Ltd.

Indis, 1982, P. 46, 48.

716

327- Hkkjrh; lektfoKku dks’k] [kaM 2 jk] ¼laik-½ MkW-l-ek-

xxsZ]lekt foKku eaMG]iq.ks-iz-vk-1987] i`- 307-

328- r=So] i`- 309-





331- Hkkjrh; lektfoKku dks’k] [kaM 2 jk] ¼laik-½ MkW-l-ek-

xxsZ]izdk- lektfoKku dks’k eaMG] iq.ks- iz-vk- 1987] i`-

310-

332-yksdk;r] l-jk- xkMxhG]yksdokM~-e; x`g izdk-nq-vk-1984

i`- 30-

333-egkjk”Vªkrhy egkjkapk bfrgkl] MkW- ‘kadjjko [kjkr]izdk-

’kdqaryk [kjkr]iq.ks]iz-vk-2003] i`- 88]89-

334-vMxqya eMxqya] fo’oukFk [kSjs] laer izdk-iq.ks]nq-vk-

2001]i`- 57-











717


tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]pkS-vk-2004]i`- 178-










tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks]iz-vk-2004] i`- 414]415-



347-Lokayat, Deviprasad Chatopadhyaya, Peoples Pub.

House, New Delhi, First Ed.1959, P. 531.

348-lexz jktokMs lkfgR;] [kaM 7 ok] ¼laik-½eq-c-‘kgk]izdk-

jktokMs la’kks/ku eaMG] /kqGs-iz-vk-1998] i`-478-

349-Lokayat, Deviprasad Chatopadhyaya, Peoples Pub.

House, New Delhi, First Ed.1959, P. 212.

350- fl/nkFkZ tkrd] [kaM 6 ok] ¼laik-½ MkW- nqxkZ Hkkxor] ojnk


351- JhokYehfdjkek;.k] [kaM 1 yk] ¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj]

ojnk izdk-iq.ks]frljh vk-1986] i`- 22 rs 39-

352- lqyHk T;ksfr”k’kkL=]—-fo- lkse.k]izdk-T;ksrh <oGs]eqacbZ-

iqueqZnz.k]2003] i`- 452 rs 461-

718






eqacbZ]iz-vk-1975 i`- 72]73-

356- r=So] i`- 72]73-

357- yksdk;r] l-jk- xkMxhG] yksdokM~-e; x`g izdk- eqacbZ]nq-

vk-1984] i`- 33]34-

358- feFkdh; dYiuk vkSj vk/kqfud dkO;] MkW-txnh’k izlkn

JhokLro]fo’ofo|ky; izdk-okjk.klh]iz-la-1985 i`- 376-

359-yksdlkfgR; ‘kks/k vkf.k leh{kk] MkW- jk- fpa-<sjs] Jhfo|k

izdk-iq.ks]iz-vk-1990 i`- 170 rs 173-

360- /keZ vkf.k yksdlkfgR;] MkW- nqxkZ Hkkxor] ikWI;qyj izdk-

eqacbZ]iz-vk-1975 i`- 57]58-

361- feFkdh; dYiuk vkSj vk/kqfud dkO;] MkW-txnh’k izlkn

JhokLro] fo’ofo|ky; izdk-okjk.klh] iz- la- 1985] i`-

373 rs 388-

362- oSfnd laL—rhpk fodkl] rdZrhFkZ y{e.k’kkL=h tks'kh] izkK

ikB’kkGk]okbZ]nq-vk-1972] i`- 148-

363- ;tqosZn] l-—- nso/kj]izlkn izdk-iq.ks-iz-vk-1903] i`- 161-

364- r=So]i`- 195-

365- cqf/noknkpk /kzqorkjk] n-ds-dsGdj] izdk-euksgj

xzaFkekyk]iq.ks]iz-vk-1972] i`- 370-

366- oSfnd laL—rhpk fodkl]rdZrhFkZ y{e.k’kkL=h tks'kh]izkK

ikB’kkGk]okbZ]nq-vk-1972] i`- 83]84-

719

367-vFkoZosn]l-—-nso/kj]izlkn izdk- iq.ks- iz- vk- 1903]

i`- 79]80-

368- r=So] i`- 106]107-

369- r=So] i`- 124-

370- r=So] i`- 136-

371- r=So] i`- 174]175-

372- r=So] i`- 183]184-

373- r=So] i`- 220]221-

374-yksdlkfgR;kps var%izokg] MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs] xksnkojh izdk-


375- /keZ vkf.k yksdlkfgR;] MkW- nqxkZ Hkkxor] ikWI;qyj izdk-

eqacbZ]iz-vk-1975 i`- 14]15-

376- fiz;k ekyo.kdj ;kapk ys[k] Tkuizokg]ekfld]¼16 twu

2007½]¼laik-½ lqjs’k gkds] i`-33-


ckiV’kkL=h]jkts’k izdk- iq.ks i`- 20-

378- if=dsrhy dkyliZ;ksxkoj izHkkoh rksMxs] Jh/kj xks[kys] i`-

36-

379- f=fiaMh ukjk;.k ukxcGh iz;ksx] os-‘kk-la-—-e- ckiV’kkL=h]

jkts’k izdk- iq.ks] i`- 18]19-

380- izkphu egkjk”Vª] ¼’kkrokgu ioZ½] MkW- Jh-O;a- dsrdj]izdk-

ojnk cqDl]iq.ks]f}-vk-1989] i`- 428-

381- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 1 yk] ¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj] ojnk


382- cqf/noknkpk /kzqorkjk] MkW- n-ds- dsGdj] izdk- euksgj

xzaFkekyk] iq.ks] iz-vk-1972] i`- 73-

720

383- izkphu egkjk”Vª] MkW- Jh-O;a- dsrdj] izdk-ojnk

cqDl]iq.ks]f}-vk-1989] i`- 67-

384-dYilw=dkyhu v/;kReokn] MkW- fp-x- dk’khdj] izKkatyh]

n- fn- dqyd.khZ]Jhfo|k izdk-iq.ks-iz-vk-1985] i`- 17-


vk-2008] i`- 189-



387- r=So] i`- 712-

388- cqf/noknkpk /kzqorkjk] MkW- n-ds- dsGdj] izdk- euksgj

xzaFkekyk]iq.ks]iz-vk-1972] i`- 110-

389- r=So] i`- 257-

390- nf{k.k dk’kh%iSB.k] MkW- jk- Jh- eksjoaphdj]jfojkt izdk-

iq.ks]iz-vk-1987 i`- 50]51-

391- laiw.kZ egkHkkjr] [kaM 9ok] ¼gfjoa’k [kaM 1 yk½] ¼laik½

Hkkyck dsGdj] i`- 184] 186-

392- Jh x.ks’k dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW-vejsUnz xkMxhG]izdk-Jhjke cqd

,tUlh]iq.ks-iz-vk-1968] i`- 312-



394-yksdlkfgR; ladYiuk o Lo:i] MkW- ‘kjn O;ogkjs]dSyk’k

ifCysd’ku] vkSjaxkckn] iz-vk-1999] i`- 133] 134-

395-yksdk;r] MkW- l-jk- xkMxhG] yksdokM~-e; x`g izdk-

eqacbZ]nq-vk-1984] i`- 91]92]100]101-

396- ejkBh O;qRiRrh dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW- —- ik- dqyd.khZ] ’kqHknk

lkjLor izdk-] iq.ks]iqueqZnz.k]2004] i`- 620-

721

397-yksdlkfgR;kps var%izokg] MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs] xksnkojh izdk-

vkSjaxkckn]fr-vk-2008] i`- 188-

398- xzgladsr ¼fnikoyh fo’ks”kkad] 2004½]¼laik-½ fuR;kuan]izdk-

vftaD; cqd Msiks] lnkf’ko isB] iq.ks] i`- 84] 85-



400- r=So] i`- 678-

401- ejkBh O;qRiRrh dks’k] ¼laik-½ MkW-—- ik- dqyd.khZ]’kqHknk

lkjLor izdk-iq.ks-]iqueqZnz.k 2004] i`- 816-

402- ejkBh Hkk”ksps ewG] MkW- fo’oukFk [kSjs] laer izdk-iq.ks] nq-

vk-2002] i`- 86-

403- xkoxkMÓkkckgsj] MkW-izHkkdj ekaMs] ifjey izdk-vkSjaxkckn] iz-

vk-1983 i`- 218-




tks’kh] Hkk-la-dks-ea-iq.ks] iqueqZnz.k 1994] i`- 741-

406- Hkkjrh; feFkddks’k] MkW- m”kkiqjh fo|kokpLirh]us’kuy

ifCyds’ku gkÅl]ubZ fnYyh] ¼Hkwfedk½i`- 47-

407- gkyLkkrokgukph xkFkklIr’krh] ¼laik-½ l-v- tksxGsdj]

izlkn izdk- iq.ks] iz-vk- 1956] ¼izkLrkfod½ i`-123-

408- cqf/noknkpk /kzqorkjk] MkW- n-ds- dsGdj] izdk-euksgj

xzaFkekyk] iq.ks] iz- vk- 1972] i`- 347-

409- Hkweh vkf.k L=h] MkW- ‘kSyk yksfg;k] xksnkojh izdk-

vkSjaxkckn]iz-vk-2000] i`- 164-

410- lqyHk T;ksfr”k’kkL=] d`- fo- lkse.k] izdk- T;ksrh <oGs]

eqacbZ] iqueqZnz.k] 2003] i`-438-

722

411- yksd/kkVh] n-x-xksMls] ikWI;qyj izdk- eqacbZ] iz-vk-1979]

i`- 16-

412- xkSjkbZph y<kbZ] izFkk v’kh U;kjh] ¼laik-½ mRre

dkacGs]lqxkok izdk-iq.ks-nq-vk-2002] i`- 26-

413- cnkehps pkyqD; rs ;knodkG] MkW- ekyrh egktu]

egkjk”Vª jkT; xW>sVh;j ¼izkphu dkG] [kaM 1 yk½] ¼laik-½

MkW-v:.kpanz ikBd]nk’kZfudk foHkkx]e-jk-lka-fo-eqacbZ]iz-vk-

2002] i`- 645-


ikB’kkGk izdk- okbZ] fr-vk-1979] i`- 162] 163-

415- Hkkjrh; laL—frdks’k] [kaM 10 ok] ¼laik-½ egknso’kkL=h




417- dkyliZ;ksx ‘kks/k vkf.k cks/k] fdluyky ‘kekZ] ljLorh

cqd Msiks] iq.ks-iz-vk-2003] i`- 15-

418- jkek;.k&lekykspu ¼Hkkx 2 jk½] ¼laik-½Hkkyck dsGdj

ojnk izdk-iq.ks] fr-vk-1986] i`- 129-

419- The Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol. 13, Mircea Ediade,

Macillan Pub, New York, 1987, P.371, 372,373.

420- Japanease Mythology, Juliet Piggott, The Hamlyn Pub.

Middlesex, Sec.Ed. 1973 , P. 89.

421- Egyptian Mythology, Veronica Lons, The Hamlyn Pub.

Middlesex, Sec.Ed. 1973 , P. 64,65.

422-The Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol. 13, Mircea Ediade,

Macillan Pub, New York,1987,P.370.

423-Near Eastern Mythology, John Gray, The Hamlyn Pub.

Middlesex, Sec.Ed. 1973 ,P. 25.

723

424-Roman Mythology, Stewart Perowne, The Hamlyn Pub.

Middlesex, Sec.Ed. 1973 , P.90.

425-Greek Mythology, John Pinset, The Std. Lit. co. Ltd.

India.1982, P. 59.

426-African Mythology, Geoffery Parrinder, Pub,The Hamlyn

PublishingGroup.Ltd.Middlesex.SecondEd.1969,P.41,40.

427-Ebid , P. 46,48.

izdj.k frljs ^^ yksdekulkrhy ukx...

Documents