1

sygfi k.jdzi

kAFd k;&kk.jd k.k_pf sphVelqk? k;Pka;k_Lf

&% dofkrLkzi

ukAFL spkoRge jkQi kysupjcaqVqd s;/ekuoht k.hekzx

srlv - kysysd k_Zol cayov kphrn/i caqVqd k_d, kk/qgc

skrlv - ]knak.u ]k;Ryqp ]sryqp ]htkv ]ktkv rkjk? sGqek;R

]kokt ]k;tokAH ]jhn joko kpka;@Gxl k; sjlkl ]wlkl

skrlv - rkk[%qn rkk.ijktkv rkolRm rkAHajkel kk.l

rkrlv rhjd rne kukadsed, k.tsGxl - k;Pkk"Qjqi Zk;Rd

rkrgkj sAHm pk.tsGxl sxke - kljkQi ;Zk.uf knkk[, ktel

skrxky kokuke skr sk.iVweuf hghjr kylu djkdk[ql -

Qi hgkyk;Rskxk;Rku oRge jk srlv - kkHakl iwk[ ukiuke kyG

skrkt - spk;okt sk.kezihroqd k;Yikikv sklu hd skrlv ris,

srkt sysd rxkoL - srkt hysd k.oGskc hphyqe - kpaZkol

skrkt kysd suhonkv jkpk.qgki - iwk[ kuka;Rku srkt syit - k.i

kFLfjfi hk/d hk/d Qms; k.kr hgjoka;Rku k; sGqek;@Vsj k;Phr

xky rkr - rkrskg Qjql Zk"k?al dcfaqVSkd - skrskg lkk_ kyhdsy -

skrskg pkt kysuql - dnCfkk' rk;Pka; kk.qgqe&Zbokt]Zbokt&kjlkl

rkrxky wMm sdVk[ - rkrlc rMakkH phgk;O&hgk;O hk/d - rk;R

hguwrk;R o srgkj rskg k{Zyqn sMdkauokAH k;Pahyqe&kyqe k.Qjr

Qjql hpZkk"k?al pk;@Gxso srskg rko -

2

k;Pka;Rku k;@Gxsoxso sGqehrAFLfjfi rkuoht k.hekzx

rkrskg k.Zkeuf okk.r spjkdzi k;Rk.skd s;/ekue k;PahrD;O

srGef lk;okgi uwk/ekaAFd dsuv k;Pka; sMkjskc k.k_pf spk; -

sgkv kysysd s;/ekk.jdzi rqrLzi jkpof kpkaAFd kk'v -

drfxv k;PaAyqe o A;PaA;A_Lf kkFd k;Psr &%

oRge iwk[ s;/ekxkkH k.hekzx kyhV"skx k; sk.skg yqe

srlv - sg sjkk.jd n/lf oRk"Qjqi spkk"Qjqi k.fkv oR=rke spZbkv

srkt sytel *konf kpkk'ao* ywe - uwk.gE rhokgO syqe

rkrkt sysd hglk;llou -

*sk/akkCsxky* *hk.Ge* *Gkckv* k;Pakk: sMkjskc

*Gsk[* ¸ yhk/e *hrskxhrku* jr yhrkgzxalkkFd *hk.Ge* k;

rkrs; sk.k_pf hpakyqi s;/ekkFd k; *k.Mjqe* *MaklGsg* -

prhGjql ;"q;kv spakyqe kgOsr srlv hyxakp hrkFLfjfi hpjk?

srkt rMxym - yslv ;znjfkn hjk? hGsok;T k.i ¸ k;yrkjk?

hGsok;R yslv k.ijktkv sk.sk?oht spkk"QjqiZk;Rd ¸ kpZbkv koadf

rkrskg drfxv syqe hg hGsokk'v jr yslv kyMk? w;R=e -

srs; k.oBkv rrl hpZbkv kukrjoko rs;kN k;PkikkC - hryqp

¸ kukrlv rxt syqe ukgy hg sukjkk/kv k;Pak; hdkd

rkrlnf - k;PZbkv s;/ekjljfi k.hekzx ;Xsk; kpakyqe hjkk?ke

kk.jd GkkHakl suhrhj ¹ rsgkv k;Ryqp k; - hk'akyqe k; spak;R

srlv sps;ke ra;Rv sk.xko - rskg kuakyqe hgk.oBkv hpZbkv

hgku - hd sgkv sysd huak;Mkjskc k.k_pf spakyqe hgkd hgkk'v

3

ekd spk;.k/kl nkoalql rkk.MakkH k;PkokkHkokkH syqe hg

rkrjd - ju sgkv syVk.gE slv rZkkHnalk; huak; jdnaQjqd jg

] hd ------- ;kd hd psGqek;Ylv oRge sdrb kykyqe

sysykv oRge k"sk'of d, kuakyqe ukgy rskFd k;Pak; sMkjskc

sgkv - rjoko hk[jkl syqe ukgy hgu wk/e k;PakkFd dsuv

rkrlv - kKtf jdMskk[ hpak;R] kk.iiki"uf hoznim kkPak;R kl

r k;Pknaukv k'yfkc k;Pak;R kuqgcadf] ¹ kl k; kg ¹ k;Pak;

sgkv kuak; sMkjskc k.Zk"dkv d, spkk.k_pf - 1 $kGouko(

zi $jdnaQjqd jgju $kuokrL jwixku uk'kdzi ;sev psjk[ sg )

sgkv - sgkv sysysd phuakywe %rZk.wi unsouf spakkFd hgkd k;Pak;R -

yhrsk' s;/ekjljfi k.hekzx sukxak"quv k;R k.fkv k

kk.ykp ¹ srlv ;Ukk/kzi dk/fv kuak;klo;O k; - k;Phrsk'

rkrs; sekd hg hg sk.k[kj sjqx] sk.Gki k;Mcaskd suhjcskjc -

kk.kkT u rsGkk' ¹ ekd spk;okk[kj sjqx kuahyqekyqe ukgy k;

srkt synf - Gkeskukj puwlkik;o k;YGd sk.ik.jkk/kl

hjkk.dVkH ¸ %roL hk/d hk/d jr hjkk.k[kj sjokut hp

lqn ¹ rkrMikl lk;okgi syqe hjkk.jd hGskk[kj hpak; - uQm

ko] ¹ rne kuakikc] Zbkv chjx k;Yikv rtkHf rkloki k;

rkrjd syqe hg ekd spk;.jd -

kk.jd hjkxtskj kn/qlhGed yhrskFd *Gkckv* ¹ k;

sgkv hyrkjk? - lv jwtersk' hgsk?skn ikc k.fkv Zbkv suk;Y

4

sgkv rskg hjkelkim kyhMskt k;Pk;znjfkn - lqn hGed ¹ hpk;

srjd ekd spk;.k[kj sjqx - suhji k;Yikikv k.tds;Rzi

rial Gcakjkr hghjr k.i sgkv skrjd uR;zi kpk;.ofGef

hgku - sukjknukdqn] suk;YMi hjktkv yMfo sprf prkk'v

hysykk> drfxv phnxv hGed suk;Ynf u jkk/m yke sgkv -

k"wk[ hr pkrsn slSi pki hBklhGskx suk;Rkv kraosk'

sgkv pGZefqn suhV"=n k;Prf xsk; klv k.jkd .srkt uQmskg -

sgkv GZefqn ;k'rfv V"skx hg klSi rkuoht jnad, k.jkd -

Qmkk[ jhk[ sr suk;Ylu op kykMaskr] suk;Ylv hjktkv yhMo

rhgku rdk' - jhk[ kyhGed kgOsr srGef - uwykk? iMk> hr

srsk? - c¹ wk.t srGef lk;okk[ jhk[ kyrf jrauklonf pk;

srkk[ jhk[ hr rkVkkF kk'v sokk[ pkUUkoDi hgkd - sMkjskc

sr rkrkt uwuc *chjx* hk'd syqe hg sGqek;znjfkn huak;

sgkv syrxfakl - srsk? hrkFLfjfi hGc kpko'ofykc k;PhGed -

V"d] hguwk[kj sjqx hpk; pysGef ky;kk[ kyrf hguQjd

hgku hk_kk[ -

rkrskg hdkd, syqe jrauw;R=e k;PZbkv - rkrskg hk.kouhn

srit kykyqe wdkd koadf htkv] hrYqp hnkk[, knGd"qi k.i -

hgwVko slv sgkv kGxsoZbkv kyk;R sro<ko sk.kezikyqe k;Yikv

hgku rsn - yqp hgkd kk'v s;/ekcaqVqd k.hekzx htkv] k;R

rkrGef ky;kgi - ywe hk.iukgy phnxv jr sgOu ps<o,

hpk;o k;PZbkv k;Pk;R sk.ik.jkk/kl jr yslv sykk> sdjski

5

hgsrtki jokxav kykyqe k; hk_L hnkk[, - sg spkoR=rke jknm

srlv uZk'n psGxkv - kn/ql k;Yckc yhrskFd *sk/akcsxky*

sgkv jski kGxsoZbkv - k;R hg hroLjl iwk[ kyk;R hryqp hp

srit - srjd GkkHakl kpk;R sk.kezikyqe k;Yikv - hgkyk;Yckc

hgku rejd ;kok'fhroLjl -

k;Pak; hroLjl o kck;Rkr okjGkiskx kdkd kpk;Yckc

V"qrof rkjk? hekk.jfi .rkrsk? ZkFvjSx kpk;.xko k;Gdske

ky;kgj rkukj kck;Rkr yhMo spk;Yckc uwk.gE skdu rkrkt -

rkrlv sog yhMo kyk;Yckc - kyk;R lkogl kpaak;R k.i

hgku rGef -

kykiIkjb hMx skr kNPb hpk;.kt sMdakyMfo kndsuv

skrofk[kn uwyskc - hryqp uw<kd kRRefuf spk;.kikloki k.i

hgku rsn Qmkt - rkukj jcskjckiIkjb k;Yckc knd, jsk[v

skrkt - k;Rkr skr suhrR=oe"qlGkc skroxkj jokc - sMdkokx hgEqr

skrjd kk.jkpof uwk.gE hgku rs; kd - ukk/kel psukk'd spk;R

hgku rskg - skrjkpof kuakck;Rkr prkjwl k;PhjkeEr skr

k.i ]rh;kg aySc ];kg kMku ] ;kg Vske hcrk;Ge k;Pk;Da;*]

skrs; Mdkokx kyk;Pakl tskj ikc kps;R - huqd kd aps;R xe

gU uwypm * ZbkgU rs 2 y( k V"=i $hk.Ge $sk/akcsx krgse 28

3891 hrR=okv hjlqn & sk.wi lQmkg xalfhyCi k;Pk;R )

skryskc skr psr srVi st kyhn/qcGkc -

6

Mkjskc @ ykdv ayqe hyrskFd k;Pak; uQmskg <Skzi h

rhgku rhjd hV"skx k;PZk;hkHakx - skt yhrko'of k;Pak;R

]kk.itgl skrlv kk.idZxflSu - rkryskc sr puQjlquv kyk;R -

srVko dofkkHkoL dk/fv sr sGqek;R - rkVkr kyk;Yikv kdkd

k;Yikv yhrkue k;PGkiskkx jok;Yrxfakl sg skrykk? Qmst

srtel kykck;Rkr spk;Ykk> jwn ;k'al kphk:k"of - koqn sg

skrjd pk;Yckc ekd spk;.k/kl -

drfxv hpk;Yckc jcskjc kuakyMfo kyk;R hd phg kr

srlv spk;k;U hjk? - hgku rskg ;Dk' sr k.i - u kyk;R

kk.xem ¹ rkrgkj rkukj kck;Rkr psGqehV"skx k; - sg kyk;T

hgku rMxym sMskd -

huak;Mkjskc kkF;O hpkyqe k;GxsoZbkv kd, hk[k.kv

sgkv hyMake s;/eskFd *hk.Ge* - yqe punsouf spskFd k; kx

skrjd - ko Zbkv hpk;R i sgkv hysyj - k; sukuk;X ikc

sgkv syofjB spk;.jd u uXy sjlqn phBklkyqe -

sgkv rgkj prkukj kg pjcskjckikc - kxyqe kGxsoZbkv

ckc hpk;.jd rD;O hrwkHqukgl suhV"=n pk;Pak;Gxl stk.gE

srlv - yZbs; krjd kykk.ikv hd srlv rVko slv kykds;Rzi

s<osr sokjd spkyqe dqrSkd - srMk? psg skFb sdesu - spkikc

ky;k;I hk.ki kyrf ]sk.xko sk.iVpsky hk'ku;kc k;Pk;Gke

hgku rMokv kykyqe sg sk.sn uwikd dwGko ]sk.sn - uwrk;.Mj skr

skrjd rD;O k/skjof kyikv -

7

k.fkv sukjhjk' suk;Ykk> knaxkji hri s;/ek;.Qjkr us,

oLv sukue sMkjskc rskFd *Gsk[* k_pf sp;kcktqx k;Ysykk> kFL

rkrofxaj - skrjd pkxyqe ukgy d, unsouf spskFd hgk; -

spjkiqn hjk? k;P;kcktqx uwk.gE srkt suhjkxtskj Zbkv

srkt syosB k.ost - dnsouf rkgUm uwrsGkk' rhVql k;Pjkiqn

skrs; hjk? k;P;kcktqx - rcn k_qd aysyGki uhc rcn

skykv rkjk? k;P;kcktqx k;E alr aokjk'f rk;Mko k;Pk;nkd, 3

96 B"=i $hk.Ge $Gsk[( oSk_r & kkFLov hysyjnskH hpk;R )

srskg V"iL uwrk;Dko k; - kk.jd hjwteyske rk;Msk[ ¹ k;k_Lf k;

phk'v hpkk.ost k;Pakyqe k;Pak;R ]rkrkt rkukj jkHlonf

srskg Moji - k.gE reax dnsouf kpk;.jke hdDqc jokrkg uw

skrGsk[ hk'Zbkcktqx Gsk[ - kHht ]sk.<skv dku ]hok'fkok'f s<qi

srkt ruc k_Lagf dukpv ;kcktqx kukrGsk[ Gsk[ slv sk.<skv -

srjke kyk;R - srokVn h;k"ofk;.kt uwk?uf - k;Ysysx uwGi

ou ¹ sr<kd jokdnsouf hr xkj kpk; - kk'uf* hVosk' k.fkv

jok;Y<p hygfkj uwMi hr hk'r skrgkj uwMi kryqp ktke

*jkxiIx 4 47 B"=i $hk.Ge $Gsk[( oSk_r & skrxakl slv ) -

souf n srlv hysyxky dwkH iwk[ kykd - sld k.fkv sBqd k.i

skrlv u'zi kBske pkg sp;kost - hgsk.skg k_Lagf sp;kcktqx sykFb

sgkv spjsgkc k;PhrDk'uydkv k;Pkdnsouf -

MaklGsg hpakyqe hguwlv hyxakp iwk[ hrkFLfjfi hpjk?

srlnf rskFd *MaklkGsg* hysylv rskg - k;Pskd;kc k;Pokjknkn

8

jkQkI hpakyqe uskn k; jgskue o kralo k;Pk;R jrauw;R=e

srskg kk.capqd - kykk[%qn k;Pakyqe k; Zk"k?al yhrkokkHkokkH

skrjB rwkHhk.jkd - rhjkH prkk'v k; hryqp uwk.gE jkH

srxko sk.i;Znuf ;k'rfv hk'akyqe k;Goskd - hyk[kokcn pk;R

rkrcapqd syqe hg - rkrjnskH suk;.xko kk'v k;Phryqp - iIx

rkrgkj - rhgku rdk' wxakl k[%qn syikv hgkuakyMfo |qk[ -

srs; jokue k;Pak;R k.iMn sdrb - suokjknkn phBklakyqe

ysysd hk.Vko jotkv srlu h - hk'akyqe hph;tokkH k.i

srVko VZbko hgkyk;R k_ke jok;Ygfki dwk.xko hpkk.isMlqr -

skrlv jkk'qg kralkO - spkoRge spk;R spsk{hji k;PhkFSkkP

rkrlv lonf - rkgUm lonf uhr uhr rhrkFLfjfi kk'v

rkrxky k;Ok;[kj k;Miki uwoMqc kGkk' kyk;R - k;Vdkk/

qn kyjgskue hgku rGef ky;kost hjr hysx uwGV jki - hpk;R

srskg kk.capqd jkQi k;V"=ndufokkH - k;R psk.xko sph;tokkH

srjB rwkHhk.jkd lsrdrfxv k;Pakyqe - spak; okjknkn yMfo slr

hgk{Zyqn - slv yslv syykp dhB hgkd Zol rkcaqVqd k_d, k.i

v rkrskg ;kglv syqe hg psuk;Yxko uQjk/ rgf=x srVko sl -

hk'd hgk;PkuXy k;Prf jr yslv hxyqe hGxsoZbkv

srskg r;kpai - uwcayov sld ;OrofkH sprf jok;.lnf k;Prf

srGef ky;kk?c rskFd *k.Mjqe* sg srlv - suk;Ysx uQje Zbkv

srskg hdkds, hxyqe - jkk.Mki rknaQi k;PkuXy kyk;Yikv ikc

ku ;o sprf hgsdrbk;.Gd sg sgkv hg - ikc jkpof klr knd,

skrs; rkue k;Pukiskl - skrlv kpk;o Zsk"o lhr kxyqe -

9

skrlv kykekd johk.jxf k;PkBif - spZkk"o Qmu ;o sphyqe

srlv - hgrkroMpf hyqe k;YrhyYx kyrf - kyqr ikc kk>qr*

*;kysx ky;kk.kv kjou kjkrgE 5 111 V"=i $hk.Ge $k.Mjqe(

oSk_r & syrk; jr kyrf ) hgku rGd phgkd - hul;O k;g

ou ¹ hpyqe jok;YojB sg hgku hp;k| dsy hyikv kyk;

srskg kdVql - kykk.qd jr srVko hk[jklhjosk' hr kykk.qd

hk[jklsdjkk[ k;YsyGko - uXy sjkk.s; rk;.nky jok;Prf

srGV suhBkdxav ukgy k.fkv suk;o ukgy k;Prf - hghjr

kl dk/fv kyrf kk{sihk?Skpjkp sjk[ s<o, srxky sokls -

% k'akjkl

hk[%qn sk.irGdu ]rGd syqe hg hyrskFd k;Pak; sMkjskc

rkrskg drfxv ]rkrskg - s<qik;Pak;R hgkukrlu rhgke kuak;R

hk/d jr srosB uw<ko hrkFLfjfi hk/d Vkr spkk[%qn k;Pak;R

slk.ke - skrlv rhjd Zk.hnof pkuak;Gxl w;R=e - spakyqe k.i

kH k;Pakyqe k; w;R=e kpZbkv kjkk.dkV uQjd kFLo/m puohtok

skrVskH jkoajko rZkkHnal - hk'kim ]srxko sk.i;Znuf hryqp hk/d

rGef skr k.i skrlv kog ikc hk/d jr srjke ]srosB

rkriVf sk.ihoLk'; o rkrGkgk;U - k;Psr;kglv k;Pkue Gkc

kezik;YVgE pkg%roL huak; sMkjskc kkFd k; kkFd k;Pak;R sk.

stgfki kyuke k"sk'of kpkuk[sy - srlv ;kglv Zbkv hk/kv -

skrlv kxkt rrl okkH=rke yhrk;Prf - k;PkxkkH k.hekzx k.i

srlv hysyk/akc hr huaktkojfhrjf - rsgkv knZk;e k;Prf k;g -

01

ZAHnal

)1 uk'kdzi ;sev$jdnaQjqd jgju $kuokrLzi $kGouko

jwixku

)2 sk/akcsxky sk.wi lQmkg xalfhyCi krgse 28 V"=i $hk.Ge $

3891 hrR=okv hjlqn &

)3 oSk_r & 96 B"=i $hk.Ge $Gsk[(

)4 oSk_r & 47 B"=i $hk.Ge $Gsk[(

)5 oSk_r & 111 V"=i $hk.Ge $k.Mjqe

11

k.jdzi sjlqn

okk.r dlfuke o hrskxhrku k/ofof

o krRlk"Qjqi rsupjtkel k.hekzx phrn/icaqVqd k_d,

srG<kv suk;Dk/fv - ]olRm ]k.ijktkv ]jkok.l yhrkjk?

k_k; kkHjkd hckc Zol k; uXy ]jsgkv ]k skrlv rkgi hj -

k.Zkeuf hk/d hk/d hrAFLfjfi hk'v yZbs; k.kr hgjok;Pk;R

srskg - kyklk.ke k;YsyMi hjktkv sk.idukpv rkjk?

hjk;r hpk;.oyg rk;Ukk[kon kyk;Dqykr jt kukrjd

hpkk"Qjqi Zk;Rd yhrkjk? k;R jr kykv hjk? Zbokt knka;Ygfi

srskg k.pMv phBske - rsAFd k; *aMskBkx* k.k_pf spk;

srGef lk;okgi -

sgkv hjktkv Zbkut dofrLko - hBklk;.kgi kyrf hghjr

uwlkiZbkut hjktkv k.iMn Mapzi spk; kykv Zbokt knka;Ygfi

.qgse ]kjlkl sr srs; jok;Pka; kk - hpk;.jd jsgkv hGso kk'v

sgkv rktkel k.hekzx rhj d, - stk.gE sk.s; Zbokt knka;Ygfi

skrxky pkokjd rAFLfkAF; jr jkdRl jnkv kpk;R - ;kok'f

skrxky kokjd hgjsgkv sk.kezihris, k;Yikv - sGxl sAFtf k.i

sAFrf sgkv sysx uwMaoGkd sukjktkv k;PZbkut pjk? hV"skx k;

skrs; rkue k;Yikv jkpof hjgk' klv rs;u pwk?uf - k.i

rLnjct k<o, kpah<aQj ]kpahrhjhykp yhrktkel rkk{;Rzi

srxky sok; k.jk' pkuka;Gxl s<qik;Pk;R hd skrlv okAHzi -

21

]hd sgkv hrhAH d, hk[k.kv rkue k;PZbkut ;kok'fk;

u kysd sjSxo jsgkv kyk;okt k.ikv ktel skr jr hgk

rhjd *tkAHGkt* kyhk.eDfQj kyhdsy k;Yikv - jt stk.gE

hgku skydk' Qjd hgkad k.ikv - ris, hk'r koadf hylu

k; ]uQjd rke joaZkol k; hghjr hylu hrAFLfjfif

kokMki jki hk/of kpkjsgkv kg prh<kd Vko uwrhk.pMv

skrxky - yjk/ rhg=x sg rkrskg hV"skx k; hVskis;ke hjr s

srkgj rVko rrl hrLkk/ hpkuetkel - kyZbkut puwk.gE

hysyiaqk> hMkx ht hBklk;.su rk;Ukk[kon hjkdjl k;Pk;Dqykr

hBklk;.k.kv sMid spkjsgkv k;Pk;okt puwrk;R sgkv

srxky sokt kuakokjhtkcayf - hd sgkv hk'v hewAHZo'ki kyk;

hed hV"skx hgkad kysGso k;Phk.oGskc Zhowi kgOsr k;Rskg k;YMi

srlv hysysd VikvGnkv phjc suk;okt - k;R stk.gE

hxyqe&Zbokt ]kjlkl&Zbokt suk;Ylv phk/kv ZAHnal kphV"skx

rrl htGkd hpk; s;u Qms; okk.r jok;Rku yhrk;Pka;

sgkv rkt hyrsk? - hg ]hd sgkv pkg jkpof hgkphyqe k{;Rzi

hgku hpk;.jkdhoL jsgkv Gso - k.i wxkal kyk;&ou sg hr

hgku rdk' - sgkv psi hjsgqn jr s<qik;Prf k.jkd - sMdhd,

k.fkv srlnf kyrf kr;kglv hpka; QmkAH ]yhMo ]Zbkv

hgkk.iysMv kpk;&ou sMdhjlqn sgkv kpk;pjfi kyrf -

kkH sGqek;R wr kysGso kk'v hd skrsn k"skn pkyrf ekjkxax Qm

lhykv uQmsk? kykk'd kuka;R - jr hrlv hykv hVd, wr

srlv syykp - hokgO hjc Zbkv srVko kyhk.eDfQj - sp<qi hdkc

s<qi - hk'kue k;Yikv surf hghjk;r hpk;.lskl hgkad hBklk;

31

sgkv hysysd - k;Ps;ke kuka; ekjkxax o okjhtkcayf k.i

skrxky kokuke kpkoRge jsgkv kpk;okt kk{sik;.k[qn -

l sg psuhrAFLfjfi sysd ;Uke sg sgkv sysysd k.Zkeuf sjk

rsgkv ps;/esAFlo;Otkel k.hekzx sthc hpk; hjr - rxkjiaji

rykp s<qi psk.kezik;Uqt kuaklk.ke k;YAFb k;&kk.xt suhrn/i

slsokgj sgkv dofkAHkoL hnxv sk.Vko - klojAH hgkad kyikv

hgku - kv dqrSkd sphdsy o spk;okt rk[snk;GskM k;Yikv k.i

sgkv kNPb hpZbkv hghk'v sokgi - sg kyZbkv sMdhd, stk.gE

sgkv sog - sk.it kyk;okt kk{sik;Yikv rhrAFLfjfi hg k;

sgkv srVko spstjx kyrf - ucf* ]rkrk.gE okjhtkcayf jr

;kg V"skx htkyb - aokjd ;kd hjr uqikv ? hpka;R sAFb *

sgkv krdrfxv - yhrk;Pka; Zbokt k.fkv kjlkl kld Zk"k?al

srlnf rsAFd k; hgsr skrlv kk.sk?oht - hg jsgkv ]*k.oGskc*

srlv phyqlo hphrDl hysyykp hykk[kokau k;Ph<Qj -

hyrxfkal suh<Qj Gosd hr rsgkv hp;kit hrku hg

kd puwk.gE ? sgkv s;/ek;R ZAFv yskk[ hgkad kk{sik; hd ? uwrk;

k; jr yslu jkk.xky k[ql pykk.qd rkGktat k;Pka;Rku

kykk'd psp;kdMv ? rhgku rMi pkykk.qd u'zi sylv - k.jkd

tkel hnkokjiaji - sjlkl sr srs; k.iMn sjk[ rsAFd k;

pjokue k;Pka; okjhtkcayf - hpkk.iMn k;Pktkel sMdhd,

hp;k<kd hgVko uwrhrAFLfjfi sMdhjlqn jr srlv hrhAH kuka;R

srlv - zdp k;Ph<Qj rxkjiaji skrMikl lwk.ke kyAFb rk -

41

srlc uQmskg Mk?ov sk.skg pkdVql hpk;R uwrk;R - kpk;R k.fkv

skrkgj rs; hgjok;Rku dwtku k;[jklk; kjlkl&Zbokt okk.r -

ke - ku - kAFd pd, hg *aMskBkx* ]ahd sgkv syVgE huka; sk.xkd

&Zbokt* l sr rkrlv Vwrv dwtku sld k/acalsrku sg *uwl&kjlk

.xakl sgkv k'sjqi lk; - srxky ky;kVi sg * -

k'fSo hgkad k;Yk/ekuoht drf=dLkal k.hekzx skx Zk.wi;@V hV

rsgkv - rkk.ijZkAHx k;Phyqe ]sk.jd rkVkAF uXy ]sk.ofet uXy

kyhyqe glk;okt kgUqi sukrRefufk;R ]sk.jd k.ostGkGskM

sjSxo sk.sk? sMid - hk{kl kykgwel hV"skx k;@Gxl k; uwosB

rkrkt k;Ysd - hpkcaqVqd rg=c kd, hGqe pkuiYd hpk;@Msk[

xl suk;Ylv kkHajkel hk/of kk'v kykokax k;@G yhekl s;/e

srkt syrsk? uQjd - rkrskg hVsAHhBkx k;Pkalk.ke - hpkadsed,

srGd rkcjck[ - rkrskg hgkiIx k;Pk;.ki&dif -

/i caqVqd k_d, kkHjkd s;/ehrn ZkolZsol kg hj skrlv -

srxky hokodqr ukkH kuka;Gxl s<qik;Zk.uf k;Pka;R sGqek;R -

AFLkoL spkcaqVqd k.fkv rkrskg k.Zkeuf okk.r e{wl hguwrk;

srMk?cf - kjlkl ryqp okk.r yhrsAFd k; *k.ostGkgskM*

sgkv kpZkk"k?al k{;Rziv k;Yrk;Pka; Zbokt k.fkv -

uQmsk? jsgkv kpkk.ostGskm k;Pkxax yhMo spkxax

yqp spkxax htoS,k;.s; rkrs; k;Rkr sr - kkHjkd spkjk? sr hj

rkrlv - rsgkv hV@Vg slsMskAF sukokAHoL k;Rkr - suk;okt

phk/kv sk.ik{;Rziv slv sog Gk;@Mk? kykk.ikv kuka;.qgki

51

srlv sysyosB uwopql - hgkad uwMdk;&lkl s;/espjcawVqd k.hekzx

r yslv sp;k;? uwxke ckc hg sMdskd;kc rkrkad, hk/kv j

srkt hyofpski - srsn iskjuf kuka;Pjsgke hr -

sgkv e{wl ;k'rfv k.k{hjuf spka; sMkjskc - sGqek;R

k;YrkcaqVqd k;R k.fkv caqVqd syrk;R ]tkel kyrk;@Msk[

rhgke kuka;R uR;zijg spk;.ofckj kuiYd k;Pktkojfhrhj

kyhk'ir st rsAFd suk;Ylv kysAFd phuka;R rkrs; sokdjkc sp

srlv sysysd hnkoorLko -

sgkv spkxax k.ostGkgskM dofrLko - k_ke Gk;@Mk? k.i

stgfki kyk;okt - hgklv sgkv pjkdk/fv kpk;.lQj kyk;R

sgkv ryfpzi tel d, - hgku rs; krlQj kykxax - k.jkd

nf kyrf kk.ihed uwk.gE hk_L psusjiaji sgkv kysy - g s

=dLal ukk/zik"Qjqi sgkv k.iys<p sphr - srkgj pe;:qn hg hk_L -

hgku rdk' Qjd isk{rLg hgsBskd rk; hr - kpkadsky k;PMdb*

sgkv pjo ;ki jr -1 hrskxhrku$kraelf( $ g=x ;e%@Mkodsky

)93 B"=i 52 Zbcaqe sgkv syk.kt ueskue sukxax sg -

lkGk;@Mk? lsGsou, Zbokt sk.kezik;YjB skrlQj hBk - okk.r

skr<ko - kkH kyk;okt uQjd gzxkv hghjr hGMae hyAH hyrko

rkrMki xkkH ky;kjkdhoL jsgkv skr yslv - hgkyk;okt

srlv pxkAH sk.sn readf kyknCk' k;Pktkel - hghrdf xalzi

srlu ;Dk' hiknd sk.kt s<qi k;Pkokax hjr kylv kpkdskV -

Ix hxalzi k; suk;Rkr jr sjk[ srskg spZbskl pk;Pka;R sk.kgj i -

61

rkrkt uwyskc kykxax sr k.fkv hgku rokgj hgkuka;R k.i

]ahd2

jwixku k'kdzi ;sev kGokuko$kuokrLzi$jdnaQjqd jgju(

zd B"=i - * )9 ;kg jkk.kt kylhQikg ;kd aBqd uwk/kac Gk;@Mk?

kd aokk.gE ? skrskg Vdzi sAFb xkj kyrkue k;Pka;R * -

?Skpjkp hrRkg iske heqr* ]hd rkryskc hk[k.kv sr rkk

ahd ht;ki ayet argf ji ]kyk;.ukv skv yklxkal - *3

zd B"=i 52 Zbcaqe g=x ;e%@Mkodsky$hrskxhrku$kraelf( - )53

srkt rskg hjni dsuv iQjoL spkokk.r k;YAFb -

skrs; xkj kpkjkdzik;Ykk> hgkukayMfo k;Pekjkxax -

, hgk;O&hgk;O rkrokuql kukadsed - pdk/fv k.jokrko

srskg Zk.wiokk.r - pkykv xe* ]skrokuql kuka;R pZbokt k[;Rzi

kykk'd krskg ? srgOu sysyMkk/ k.k_aeuf hgkad hgEkv - k;Rkr

jhgkt hg sg *srskg skdu pky;k; k.ikv ]hykk> dwp phyikv

rkrdkV uQjd - pjokxax skrk?uf xkj hVosk' - kr k/acal syk.

rkrkt - skrkt rMi Ghi hgkyk;Rku dwtku sukk.iMn k;Pah<Qj -

kkHkokAH hVosk' skrGkx plGd jr Zk"k?al yhrko - Gosd

srskg syofBki kyk;Yikv phBklk; kokgO ukeiv kyikv

skrskg teljSx kpk;Rkr klv - k.ikv sk.kezik;.k.gE k;Pka;R

v syokxkj sr puwk.gE hgku sysu Gk;@Mk? k;Pkxax slv yhrl

srVko kukayMfo - kuka;R sk.yskc uwdkV spk;okt stk.gE

srVko pdZxflSu - hgku phgkad jSx rk;R - kpka;R kg sk.xke

sgkv pdDg - sgkv phyikv dwp - psylskl sk.yskc k.ikv

71

srVko kukayMfo k;Pkxax slv stgfki - k;Ysykv rykp susjiaji

sjkk.jd jkdhoL kpahV"skx srVko k_ki dk/fufrfzi sg - sr

lsd ajkv ]kGkiskx aogU ap;k<o Md hpk;okt* ]rkrk.gE

syikv kd aogU rh;kg sysyraqx ?*4 ) 14 B"=i oSk_r( k;

skryskc *ikc* kyrk;Pka;R hk.kdBf -

smkjskc sr sgkv srMi jrav e{wl st hgs;/e k;PakokAH

sgkv syofk[kn sukk.itgl huka; - stk.gE rDQi kk.capqd

rkrlv ;kglv hgk"Qjqi jr sgOu slv srskg phpka;k_Lf -

srjd drfxv hgkuka;R hrAFLfjfi - srMki xkkH ky;k; k.jk' -

&kryqp Gk;@Mk? d, spk;okt Gosd ]hk.rqi

kkH ]Zbokt&kjlkl&ryqp sukk'av k;@MskAF ]hgk;O&hgk;O ]QmkAH&Qm

Zkeuf okk.r s;/eka;Rku k; huRi&hri srdk' Qjd k. - hghpk;

rsgkv ps;/ehVkgjekzx k; sthc - rMk? sg rhrn/i caqVqd k_d,

srkgj - hgsBqd suk;Ylv hysyjB hj;ki hpkds;Rzi yhrkjk?

hgku rs; krjd k/skjof - hgku rs; hgkryskc uwMskr k.fkv -

srlv hysykk> jk;r hgrkjk? Majrm ;hrkt - spkokk.r sGqek;R

/e uwk/e xalzi rkrkgj rskg k.Zkeuf uwk -

kj - aj- rsuokrLzi k;Pkgzxal k; *hrskxhrku* huka; sMkjskc

eUt hrku hpk;R pjcskjckeUt k;Phrd;O* ]ahd sgkv syVgE

hpk;R k.fkv rkrsk? pjcskjck;o k;Pk;R sklu ko sklv kNPb

rkrkt r<ko hr - rkrxky hoklkiskt kyk;R hrku hg -

kuk/ac ko k;Pk;Rku srxky aoklc uwVQijqx kyk;R r - hgkad

81

uwVQijqx hgkad alv kyk;R rkuk/ac k; k;Pk;Rku jr kysGso

aokgO ak[jki kykk[ql drDf;So kyk;R sGqek;R ]ahd srxky aoklc

arxky - hgku rjm poRrLfv kyk;R uwk.gE hrD;O hGso kk'v -

skr k.fkv ars; hck'fu k;Pk;R pa<o, ak.xt hBklk;&lqn hg

skrlv rxt chk'u sg sk.iVweuf - hg hpk;Rku kysGso hgkad

sMdhjlqn jr rkrlv rh<skv aMdk;Yikv kyk;R auk/ac

rkrlv rpsk[ aMdk;Yikv kyk;R ak[ql drDf;So - kk'v hGso

Pk;R srlv rskg k.krk<skv ;k'rfv hpkue k; - drDf;So hVosk'

k;Pk;Rku o arxky aokjkl jwn kyk;R kykk[ql ajskekl kuakuk/ac

arxky aokt - hykk[k;ki pk;Yikv kk{akdkv kNPb k;Yikv

rkrxky k;OkoMqr - hokjd hk.Ge kyk;R hpakk{kadkv kNPb k;

srxky -5 kj( - aj- ]lQmkg uk'sdhyCi krgse & hk.Ge$k/kac$sMkjskc

zd B"=i 03&sk.wi - ) 75 kuakAFd k;Pka;R upsoof yhjo spasMkjskc

"qi pdk/fv srVko sjkk.sn hV -

jr yhrlv sog uwghMkojqlkl slSi jt kyk;okt

skrkt kysd xsk;im pkpskd;kc hBklk;R - ]sk.jd k.kgjke kyrf

rMk? jkdzi slv sk.Mskl uQmsu hjsgke dukpv ]sk.sn lkk_

rkrlv - jok;Ykv Zbokt dukpv uQmsk? kyhdsy

skg kAFLov k_pfof hpka; sk.qgse&wlkl&sjlkl sr- puwrk;R

srskg rkoQjql kykokk.r - k;Pjkdzi pk; rsAFd k; *kolQj*

srlnf k_pf spkokk.r -

)hxyqe( hk_ofkl sk.idukpv kukrlu jkok.l hghgkad

srs; hjk? k;PkayMfo )okjok/ke( glk;&ou k;Prf - spk;okt

91

srVko d;knkdDk/ kuakokjraek.g sk.s; krsn u kupwlZowi -

v hphk_ofkl dukpv k;Drb ]hd rkrk[gskv Zbkcktjkl Zbk

wlv hg kg sk.xke slSi rpfknd wrsg kpk;.s; k;Pkak?skn k;@g

ysdk' - axkgE* ]hd srofk[kn hguwyskc kuakokjraek.g hr

]kd krogU kyMkk/ nxkd uwk.gE k| slSi sulmrkg knuhr&uskn

gE sokxke pk{el krkv ji ]srogU synf Zbkd uqikv ji uwk.

kykv v yalk -* 6

t )16 B"=i oSk_r( slSi hxalziGso kyk;ok

sgkv hgrktkel k.hekzx rhj hpk;.sn sulmrkg -

prsog jr slSi uwMdk;&lkl kyk;okt - k{;Rzi sr k.i

skrs; glhk_ofkl skr uwk.gE sp;kxke sld - hyikv uwMaskr k;Prf

kyhyqe jr rhgku synf slSi jt k.fkv skrofno tjx

skrosB uQmsn hgen klv hgku rsu ky;konkau - k;&k[ uwAFb

srskg rkoQjql kykokk.r - skrjk/ kyhBso skr kyskd;kc hBklkk'Si -

skrkt kysd hBklkk'Si ]hBklsB"rfzi xsk;im kpka;k_Lf stk.gE -

srskg k_pfof hBske kAFLov hpakokjraek.g - jr sok| u slSi

k;YGsk[ hk'kuoht k;Phdsy srskg sk[jkl - jr rsok| slSi

jkk.xky sokMskl hk.ki joka;iQj sk'pki&jkp - hpkoRge rk;

rkk/skjof k;Pk;.sn slSi kyk;&ou hxyqe n@nqk[ hd hk'v V"skx

sgkv - ]ekdk/kac hgkad ]hd rkrjkpof okjraek.g kyhyqe

kd rsgkv sog slSi hBklk; hnsjk[ySc ? kpkue k;Pakokjraek.g

qxkap sog pjk[skjk[ slSi hgkad hBklhrsk' jt hd kg kk.iy

stgfki synf sr jr yhrlv - sgkv kuka;R ohk.kt hpk; -

rkrs; pkuka;Gxl hk.pMv - xsk;im k;Pkadsed, k.ikv hxalzi

02

stgfki syMi - phegsu jkpof kpZk;kdgl kg rkuohtekzx

skrkt kyofckj - t kyGkkHkal kk.iMaokkH h;k"ofkadsed, skrk - sg

sgkv syofdk'f psusjiaji hg - hBklhk.pMv k;YrZkAHnal k;Phrsk'

srkt sysd Z;kdgl uZwtokv jr - jkk.sn slSi st k.ikv k.i

jr yslv jkk.skg hBklhuSp Gosd jiko kpk;R rskgkv

srVko kuakokjraek.g slv stgfki kysd jkpofjsQi - sg

l sgkv hgdtfgk - E Zbkcktjkl Zbkv rk.g aMdk;Tqr* ]hd rk

*ahd yhrxky sok| sl;i kykgEkv uknuf hjr uwxc7 oSk_r(

zd B"=i - )36 sgkv zohr jkQi k;zdfrfzi hphk_ofkl jok; - hr

x k| okt* srk.gE k;R kdu Qmnf kl;i d, ji ]jr sys ky -

sr jr ayGd kyuk;R uwk.gE aokrsn aukeLv heqr kd knd,

aysrlc uwokdskl - kyhjkc jn v ysrukv alkv kye sr slSi @uk

ysrugE skrsgU kor yk| -8 zd B"=i oSk_r( - )46 sg kyrf

yhrkt syofMm pslv slSi sg hd sgkv rhgke - hpkayMfo Zbkv

srskg rZbkpai - sgkv xkkH kuka;R sk.sk? ;Zk.uf hBklkk[ql k;Phyqe -

srkgj rs; k.iMn iwk[ jokue k;Pka;R -

srku spk;okt pdwtku - sk.osB k"wk[ kyk;R sk.keziktkojf

sgkv xkkH - hgku rs; krsk? hgkukayMfo k;@Vd, ;Zk.uf - kxyqe

rd kg kcukj sgkv krjolZk - kkHjkd kpkjk? pskr sgkv hj -

rkcaqVqd sgkv dVk? kpkoRge skr ky - slSi kyk;okt hgkpk;R

sgkv k/skjof ky;k| - srync znasd spZkk"k?al krkv - c o ik

skrskg k.Zkeuf okk.r rk;Pka; kxyqe -

12

slSi Gotkcukj okjraek.g jskelk;okt hk'onf k;&lqn

rkr<kd ;k"of kpk;.sn - sk.skg jokuv xkj hgkykcukj

sgkv dtfgkl - kH kpk;Ykk> k.ezdkv jokdDg k;Pk;R k l

skrskg kyk;R - ]rkrjkpof sukjduf okjraek.g jok;Yk.kr iwk[

<o, ktke* u'zi kpkdDg kg *]rkjk? k;@g ZbkgU dkg hck

sgkv kjkk.xky hjkgOtf - k.wk[ hdyskc hg hpsr;kglv k;Pka;R

sgkv - sg skrjd jrRQjqn kyk;Yikv kxyqe kyikv rk[snk;okt

sgkv psjkk.sn kdDk/ kykukeAHfkoL k;Pka;R - rsupjcaqVqd k.hekzx

g puk?ayYm sg spk;R rkrkt syGki rsdal st sgkv srsk -

rkrjd hAFL;/e ok/kt kpk;Rkr rkk.MakkH k;@g - kyrkokx

skrlv kk.qgki pkpkds;Rzi kg kk.qgki - suk;Ylv pcaqVqd sg okx

skrkt kyrsk? uwoik[ isk{rLg kpkaok/kt - k.hekzx hpasMkjskc

hk.kdBf k; ;;Rzi kpk; sgkv ylLv hk'd kryhk' unsoal

skrs; - rsAFd *kolQj* dik;O pk;@g ok/kt kck;Rkr

skr<kd hgkxMskr o skrjd isk{rLg uQjosdefwAH - kck;Rkr

wk.kv V"qrb rkjk? k.i skrofxkAH Mu hpeqr he* ]rkrxakl

kdu -*

k;Pka; Zbokt o sjlkl lwk.ke kpjsgkc kk[jklkck;Rkr

rs;u Qmskg k.Zkeuf okk.r rk;Rku - pk;Pka; kxyqe o yhMo

mskg okucsc rkrjd uR;zi uwk.gE s;u Q - rknko k; uwlkikue

ysVqQi Vko he jr hgku krRl hgjohMkd hk>ke rkrs; xkkH

rkrk.gE uZbkt uk?uf sMdrf - jok;Yrkk? oko kpkjduf klv

sgkv dtfgkl sk.Vko VZbko kyk;[jkl kck;Rkr - huka;Gxl

22

sgkv kdefwAH hpka;R phg sokgj sukjkpofd, - rkjk? k;YBqd

rs;u wlv V"qrof ]sVar - srVko VZbko kykokax k;@Gxl sGqek;R -

sret psGqek;R Zhnx - srlu hpka;?c Gosd hr - rkuk;/ sg

sgkv sk[jklk;.s; - pk;Yikv ]pkyikv kykds;Rzi u'zi kg

skrVko kyrkjk? - sygfki sMdku'zi k; suk;@GkgOtf k;Drb

srkt - wekl hg yhrkuohtekzx hpkk.iyqxkap ohk.kt dgf

sgkv hysysd rk_fpf sukk.isdesu jkQi huka;@Mkjskc -

rs;u Qmkt syk.kr k/acal syrk;Rku rhrAFLfjfi hgk;Rk.skd

sgkv kNPb hpka; ok/kt kck;Rkr ]Zbkcktjkl&okjraek.g phg -

rstgfki hyit hrku hg - rwAHxav klv rstgfki hyxt hr

ko sk.irIql sxkek;Pk; hglkgkV@Vv skrlnf kukrjo -

]Zbokt&kjlkl ]Zbkv&hxyqe ]yhMo&hxyqe ]QmkAH&k.hgc

spkokk.r spZkk"k?al k;Pka;Rku Zol k; ]huRi&hri ]Zbokt&kk.qgse

srosB ukkH syxkap jkQi spkorLko yhrkcaqVqd k.hekzx k_pf sg -

jkQi tkojf hgkad rhrckc k;PkuXy s;/ektkel k.hekzx

t syGki sk.idMd rkrk - jnskxv k;Pk;.ofk[kn hxyqe kykyqe

rlv rkt yhMo spkyqe - phr o rlv rhjd rali hxyqe

jk;r kykyqe kykuXy uwtel slv sgkv hrali hghpkyqe

rlv rhjd - slv rGef ky;kgi prkuXy hxyqe kykyqe -

rkjk? k.fkv skrskg k.Zkeuf xalzipsi knpk;&c hguwrk;

skg rkoQjql kysrrakk'v sr- pk;@g s;/esAFd k; *kraelf*

sgkv sysysd k.k_pf spkxalzipsi -

32

rf k.ikv uwk.gE sgkv hGkd skd;kc hyikv ]jraukuXy ky

hgku jkk.onkau - ? k;Peqr kyrf iskjuf klv kt uQmsk? hjk

okjhtkuke )kukayMfo k;Pkraelf( kukayVki k.;kjku

skrsn )kjou kpkraelf( - f huakokjhtkuke hk/kv kykrael

srgOu sysygfki - skrskg k.Zkeuf psi kg s<qi - ikc o kxyqe

skrskg Qjql Zk"k?al rk;Pka; - V"skx hg huka; okjVda;O yhmo

srlv hysyuke hpsB"rfzi - ' kyikv sGqek;R ;skrkt kyMske nCk

Pka;R jok;YVgE rkrskg kunso jkQi kykue k; - AFLoLv sr

rkukj k.fkv rkrskg rkrkt ky;kgj - hgkxkk_ kpka;R rk;

skrlv - rkryskc niLkukeiv hgkukayMfo htkuke - kjkl k.i

]skrokuql kyk;okt skr suk;Ylv kphn@ntf yhVki k.;kjku

yaxky kokjd pxalhdsy k;Tke sk;R jr kp;kjd jklal* -

aoklc rhGkt jeQm hjkl hckykeqr phukok;Prf jr ZbkgU

yaxky - ki jknjk? jr kykv rlo kp;koy

arku apkdsy ikc apekv* ]rkrjkx@nm okjVda;O sk.ik'krg

arskg ayVqr pkod jr - apekv pkor hyMskl knk;je

argO ayial arku apkdsyikc - yhrk;Pka; ikc k.fkv kxyqe *

dk/fv kk{si hgk; skrskg k.Zkeuf okk.r suhrhjkk'c rk;Rku

jok;Rku k; huRi&hri okk.r skrs; - k;P;kiskt k;Pk;&ou

srlc Gotk;ki k;Pka;R kraelf rhyskk[ - okjhtkuke kgOsr

jr yhk'oky rkg kykxav k;Tke jknjck[* ]rkrokuql -

ZbkgU k/acal Zbkd ktke ktqr uwlkitkv - q;kc hk>ke wr krkv

lZbkgU rnkau uwk.gE - uwk.gE uwl hpka;&lkl rk;@Mko k;@g

42

lhrnkau - Tke argf aGxs; hjr aykk> ap;kiskk> kyqr rhyskk[ k;

ht;ki ayiskk> - rkg kykxav k;Tke ]lhykv Gotk;Tke

kyqr ;kg riIk' hp;ke k;Tqr jr lkyoky - hghgkad hprf *

skrxky koklskl kyrf ;k;Uv kg kukrlu dwp - hghpkak?skn

=n dlfuke sgkv srskg kk.capqd k;@V - jr dk/fv jkdagv kykd,

lqn sgkv kphyked kk.idk'fskk' kpk;& - hgk;O&hgk;O jsgkc

rkrjke kiIx uQms; rkxaj - =nk;Pka;R pkysyial okk.r kg suhV

sgkv - sgkv phGxso k_ke hrAFLfqrLo k.i -

hg yhrk;Pka; ]huRi&hri ]hgk;O&hgk;O ]Zbokt&kjlkl

rkrjxjx rk;&oskAH k;Pkokk.r k;@g hrku - sBqd

;gk;O&k;@gk;O sBqd jr rkrokjAFLf uwial okk.r yhrk

rkrkgj pjAFLfv okk.r yhrhuRi&hri -

Yd k; k;Pkukeikuke iQj duk;AH pjkQi hk/d hk/d kui

rkrjd k.jkk/ - srskg kk.capqd dufokAH hpahyqe&kyqe sGqek;R -

dgfkoSo spka;R srVdLof ;"q;kv - k;Pkukeiv&uke k; k.i

hd rhgku rck' wVql kuiYd rhgku rskg hgyk/fk'f -

kFkuo'of s;/esAFd *k/kac* gkoof kpka; kxkAHznap k.fkv

skrskg - hpkxkAHznap hk'v jsgke prkokx o jlkl prkokax

srlv kAFLov - hpka;@gk;Ok;@gk;O prklonf hgkad jraukgkoof

rkrskg sk.MakkH - kjkl k.fkv rkrskg teljSx h;k"ofkadsed,

e sukokrkokr skrs; uwMskl hjsgke k;Prf kyhyq - kxyqe

52

skrlc iIx AFkuo'of - kyk;R sk.Mkayskv ;Zk.uf kpkayMfo k.jkd

srlu ;Dk' -

srskg VsAH hpka;R rkukj hk'onf sd, dukpv - kgOsr

srskg k.krk<skv k.k{yof hpkue hgk;Pkak?skn - pkd, hgsk?skn

rkrkgj rkoakx - rsgkv hAHm jokk/kac pkd, - d, hgsukue

rhgku rdk' wVsAH kukadsed, k.i rsgkv - hghr rkryskc

cn sukk.isd - "iL k.iMn spjokue rk;R srlv rlnf V - k;Pk;

rsgkv pkuiYd k;Pkukeikuke hk'kgqe - sk?skn rkokax pkd,

hMjd jok;Pka;R hpkadsky k;Pjk? hgk;Pkak?skn hguwlv rkgj

sgkv jtu - AH kukadsed, sk?skn kutsk; hg hBklk; rs;u wVs

sgkv hysysd -

sgkv sp;kyskc hk'AFkuo'of kykxkAHznap - k;pk;R

hgsrokk[ql hr suklkogliYv - hr pkrs; ukkH spkorLko k.i

srskg k/okl - jkzdr hpk;Ylu rxky k{y rkekd hgsk?skn

rkrjd - sgkv k[%qn rZefufouke sg - k;Yikikv huka;@gk;O uskn

'of dufokAH k;Pkak?skn k; s<qiakuiYd k;PsB"rfzi pjkpof kpko

hgku kysysd - srjB hBske kB"rfzi hgkk{sik;Rku - tkelqnagf

dkrRl=rif hyuke pBPsJ hegsu hg wtkc hpkjo sGqek;Ylv

srkt - sgOu slv sgkv prktkel kBkje Gosd sg - hg

hgkukak?skn k; kxkAHznap k.fkv AFkuo'of sk[%qn ;UthrAFLfjfi

rkrjd AFLoLv -

62

k.gE kxkAHznap skrlv rdqp ;kd skr ;kg kVoxskAH* ]sr

kd ? kyld kylkv* ]skrjkpof aFkuo'of uwMpf jok;R *

aokugE hjr ;kg kVoxskAH ? alkv uwlv rkokax kd,

jkdLal spknkoosN jokue k.hekzx *aykv ap;kxko hukok;Dji

rkrlv sysykp - pchk'u syikv kyk;R srMk? hgkad st sGqek;R

gkv rwAHhk.jkd srlv hysykk> rwtel hdDi hk'v s - slv sg

kd ? rtim kg stgfki psyxskAH sg hgkk{sik;.jkpof uwk.gE

sgkv kyofdk'f kuka; psuhrAFLfjfi kk.ik.kgk' - kjou rkk.MakkH

skrjckk? kukayMfo - sn uQjd hr k.oBkv hpk; spk;R kgOsr sr

Pk;R jkx@nm rkrsn uwk.kv hrpfzi hpkjkdLal yhjok; skr

sr rh;kg pyhMo* ]skrk.gE - jr ap;kjckk? ZbkgU kyuk;R

ap;kjckk/ kykk.qd ? kyrkuoht ekzx kg sk.sn uke kyhdyMfo

sgkv jkdLal GVv d, - xalzi sklv hgkyBqd - nCk' kpkayMfo

Mske hgku rs; kr -

iwk[ AFkuo'of hBklk; sokgj surf hjr k_kj d, uknuf

skrjd hk.ouof - hgkyrf hgku slv srlv skdu sg - hVZdr k.i

srjckk? hr sukokcn k;Pka; sjlkl Vhxkj k.fkv yhMo - phxm

phGxso kykokk.r o yhgkj sAHm Vdal slu hk[k.kv uwrk;

ysGef kk'nf - sgkv k/okl hr uwk.gE - ]srk.gE kyk;&ou hr

rkjni k;.ke axm ];ars; krxakl ;kd ayrkue k;Pkckc k;R*

/kac GQi uwk yslc - sgkv rs; hr phVskihrhAH Gosd jkdu kg * -

hgku hgkd sjlqn kk{sik;.skg tkjku GotAFkuo'of - sGqek;R

72

sgkv Z;kgjfiv hlknm hpk;R - auk;R kukrlv hpkdDg skd;kc

uv hr jr hrlv hysd hrLnjct hMskAF hrlu hyVko dZxflS -

kdqe hgskr k.i skrlc rkgi srlqu sk.iV - d, uknuf hjr rkrka

srVko slv sokok[kn lMkk/ suk;R - jokue k;Pk;R k.i

hghgkad skr hd sgkv okcn Mapzi kdrb kpk;Rku ]kphrAFLfjfi

hgku rdk' Qjd -

k'fSo spka; sMkjskc sr kVN e{wl k;Pkk[%qn hd slv ;@V

rkroxaj sukk.itgl - Vdzi ]kAFlov dsuv k;Pkue uwrk;R

k;PsAFd k.fkv rkrskg skrskg rIkzi kk.isdesu kyk;k'kv - rk;

sgkv dk/fv kuka;R ukkH spkorLko hgkk{sisrdtaj - k;Pka;Mkjskc

ofsAFd k" e h; -n- kAFd hpka;@Mkjskc* ]hd rkrxakl jdsyxak.drk[

sgkv AFLoL hk'r - sgkv kyrf hrx AFal hpkuoht k.hekzx -

hgku rhok[kn hr lskl kVskk[ kpsrdtaj - kuoht k; k;Yr

srlkiskt o srk[Gskv hyxkap hr k/acokAH spk;Rskxk;Rku -

kk' hr sk.kezisAFd k;PakjdGwxMke k"kAHref ]uhy sgkv h -

kg&r k;Pkalk.ke o ]srxkal hV"skx k;PMdkokx hr psk.kezik;R

srGkgk;U - sgkv dk.fkekzi hr hk'r -*9

e jdsyxak.drkg( -n-

v iQj ]kAFd hBkje ]kAFd k.hekzx$ uk'kdzi Zk.iwl & jljfi k.fk

qi & ) 64 B"=i sk. hJ - k;Pka;@Mkjskc re sg spakjdsyxak.drkg

srxky sokk.gE pslv srjsg k.isdesu spsAFd -

sGqehrn/icawVqdk_d, yhrsupj tkel k.hekzx huka; sMkjskc

sgkv hysyMkae hukxav dsuv phr rkrskg k.Zkeuf sk[%qn ht -

Rku rkcaqVqd hysd Mkikotf hg dwk.it hpk;R o oRge spka;

82

pjkQi hr srskg MaklGsg dufokkH ht kukrjd hr k.i srkt

srlv k.k{yof - jnad, yhrkjljfi k.hekzx pZol

srlnf kukrMk? sg rZkAHnal k;Pk;okt s;/esupjhrkt - qraji

hpkuk[sy k;Pkjkdzi k; k;P%roL huka; sMkjskc f klkaee

slv kukrjd k;>ke k; *hk.Ge *]ahd sgkv syVgE

yhrkgzxalkAFd kkH k;Yikv ak_ki dsrqgc yhrkaAFd hk.Ge hpkauo

rkrjd - rhrAFLfjfi pkk'v kk/qgc uwrkaAFd hgjrb k;>ke

yhrG<kv alk.ke hysyMikl - %rk.jkk/kl alk.ke hg

rsgkv alk.ke yhrktkel kBkje yhrk;@Msk[ - hg

krit ;k'rfv kykukeUluke r- oRge k.k{yof kyk;Rskxk;Rku

rkrsn - hjknckct hjkk.Mi jok;Pka;R uwrZkAHnal k;Pk;Rku k;

rkrGki sk.iVweuf sr - sr slv sgkv pZek/ kyikv ]kg sgOu

kuakk[ql drDf;So kukrlv rhjd uyki apk; k.fkv rkruke

rkropkv -*10 kj( - aj- jkpof hgkad uk[sy kAFd sk>ke$sMkjskc

uokrLzi )11 B"=i ]52 Zbcaqe & g=x ;e%@Mkodsky $ hrskxhrku$k

k;Pjkdzi kk'v prktkel kBkje Gosd hk.kdBf k;

k.jkd phGe spk;okuke slv rkrlv kuiYd k;PkukeUluke

hgku - s;/esupjekzx k;Phrket&hrkt pk;@Gxl

rkrlnf jkdzi spk;.it kyk;Rku s;/ektkojfhrhj - sMkjskc

knZk;e hg huka; srVko slv hrskg skdu lk;okykk? -

&% k'akjkl

hgkk{sikokx ]hd yZbs; krk.gE slv kykk.ikv rk;DMskAF

sgkv k_sk{k.k_pf sjk[ psg cawVqd sAFb - sGqehrn/icaqVqd dkrRl=rif

92

hyk.kr hrku uwrk;R o srskg jk;r kdyfke hpkokk.rk.kr ht

rkrkt - v ;kd hd rkrVqr hr jr hk/d hk/d hk' f hokVko hrAH

srskg k.Zkeuf hrAFLfjfi hghk'v -

Mkjskc udskyov e{wl pspk; o sgkv sysysd huka; s

sgkv sysynf iQjkAFd pkyk;R - ]kxyqe&ikc uwk/eakAFd k;

]skd;kc&kjou ]kjlkl&uwl ]wlkl&uwl ]QmkAH&k.gfc ]hxyqe&Zbkv

k;Pka; ];tokAH&jhn ]sk.rqi&sryqp ]hgk;O&hgk;O k.Mk? hpkue

;AH ]rkrokxkj sld sr hxalzi ]srlv hk'd f koadf rkrskg rAH

srs; uwtel hg sg rkrlskl - k.tds;Rzi hghjr sylv ;@njfkn

sgkv uwGkAHkal jkdagv kyikikv - o kphrAFLf dZAFfkv

hgku rs; kroky sAFb k/acal hghgkad klr kpsB"rfzieRkv - hgkd

o hgkad jr ;@znjfkn kGso rkrVsky rkk[%qn kuka;R jkdagv kGs -

rkrlv sk[%qn prZefuf ouke hg - k;Pktkel k.hekzx

rkrskg k.Zkeuf sk[%qn hg psGqesupj Zk.wi;@Vk'fSo - rkrk.gE slv

yZbs; - ps<osr sgkv oRge s<ost kysuVk? k; sk.skg uXy

sgkv hgkykukiuke - k;Yuke wtkc k;Pk;.ku pkd, hgUskn k;

rkrkt - sukjkdagv o k/acal sysyk.kr raZ;isVqr suk;@znjfkn

jkQi rsupjtkel k; dVk? uskn slv k/acal sjkk.kt rokjqn

rsgkv hokkHzi -

03

ZAHnal

10 hrskxhrku$kraelf $ 93 B"=i 52 Zbcaqe g=x ;e%@Mkodsky 20 jwixku k'kdzi ;sev kGokuko$kuokrLzi$jdnaQjqd jgju

zd B"=i -9 30 zd B"=i 52 Zbcaqe g=x ;e%@Mkodsky$hrskxhrku$kraelf -

53 40 14 B"=i oSk_r 50 kj - aj- ]lQmkg uk'sdhyCi krgse & hk.Ge$k/kac$sMkjskc

zd B"=i 03&sk.wi - 75 60 16 B"=i oSk_r 70 zd B"=i oSk_r - 36 80 zd B"=i oSk_r - 46 90 e jdsyxak.drkg -n- hBkje ]kAFd k.hekzx$ iQj ]kAFd

64 B"=i sk.wi & uk'kdzi Zk.iwl & jljfi k.fkv 01 kj - aj- jkpof hgkad uk[sy kAFd sk>ke$sMkjskc

]52 Zbcaqe & g=x ;e%@Mkodsky $ hrskxhrku$kuokrLzi11 B"=i

13

sjlrf k.jdzi

kAFd k;Pkk.isycapqd k;Pka;k_Lf

&% dofkrLkzi

hpka;k_Lf sGqehrn/icaqVqd dkrRlk"Qjqi yhMdk;Yikv

sgkv hykv rskg kk.capqd - k; sgkv hpZktn hed hg hk_l

k;Pxav k;Prf hk/d ]k;Ysynky susjiaji ]sGqesuiYd

k;Ysylv pk;@V"=ndZxflSu n rrl k.k"skk' sprf ]sGqesryZcq

sgkv sysykv rskg huakxkadsuv - sd k.Zkeuf pk.ikv hk/d hysy

hk/d jr srskg rwAHhk.jkd kykk[%qn k;Prf kAFLo;Otkel

pxkAH sk.s; k.jk' kyrf hd srjd hMaskd hk'v hprf phrAFLfjfi

srMi - srjd V"d hk_L - srjd xk;R - Vqd q k;Pkca iz Zol hBklsB"rf

srlskl hgkd - o hpkxk;R ]hpkV"d k;Yikv k.i rjd hgkrk;Pk

hgku - aqVqd k.hekzx _L yhrkc rsgkv hjni dsuv sk[%qn hp hk -

rkcaqVqd rjoko rit k/acokAH spka;Rku dsuv ]suhjknckct hr

srlv - hk/d jr nak.u ]skd;kc ]uwl hk/d]htkv]Zbkv hk/d

hjwte hk/d jr huka;Rku dcfaqVSkd kk'v Qmkt ];tokaH

Zk;Rd hk/d ]hjkk.ckj jokrsk' k;Pk;&lqn sukykl ]hjkk.jd

xkekk"Qjqi hk_L hg hk'v hjkk.ofykp sukVsu kMkx kpkpaizi s

sgkv - k.hekzx rkcaqVqd kj kAF;O k;Phk_L yh - aj- Mkjskc huka; s

ekAFd k;Yikv rsgkv k;YiVf sukk.itgl uwk/ - k_Lf dsuv spka;

;Xsk; huka;R k.isycapqd spjkdzi jf sgkv sysysd rk_fpf suhr - k;

23

sycapqd k;Pka;k_Lf* s;/ekk.jdzi jkpof *kpakAFd k;Pkk.i

sgkv kpk;okjd -

fL k_ ak; &% k.k_pf spsk.capqd dlfuke k;P

jkdzi kg *uXy apk;Vsky&k;Vkl* s;/esupjcaqVqd k.hekzx

sgkv <Qj hgtkv - &c syofet uXy slv sukxsk;kxsk; knpk;

srkt - hokMskt hrku hk'v auktkyZbku kysGso hgkad jr

rkrxky - kAFLov dwtku suwtkc hghgUskn s;/ek;Rku kk'v

srlv - k.fkv skrkt uwMk? xalzi knkk[, hjr sBqd hjr hk/d

srkgj sAHm rkcaqVqd k; Gnko srjqiRkr - pkuka;k_Lf hgrk;R

soklskl srxky -

k;Pk;Vskyk;Vkl pkk'v hg *ak.qk/* yhrkgzxal*hrskxhrku*

rkk/acaluXy kkFd hpkokk.r k;Y sgkv - hBklk;YAH k;Phdsy

sgkv hysysd hxyqe hpZbkchk_ofkl kykyqe k;Yikv -

roxko sjkdzi k;Yxkap jkQi kysuql k;Yikv Zbkchk_ofkl

rkrlv - kyhyqe k;Yikv jr kokjd pkt kysuql k;Prf

l MdhgUskn uwk.gE yZbskg lkk_ hjlk srlv pdhB Zol hgs -

kyhjou k;Ou* ]stk.gE yn@ncwlkl k;Yikv uwl hpZbkchk_ofkl

rk;RugE qdu ajko apkukj pkrkv - rk;Rsk? htGkd pZby

kye rk;Rik[ huohdsy k;PVski ]htke h;kck;Rkv - uwxkal sg *

ljSx sysynf uQjd h;k"ofwlkl hukadsky rsgkv sVskk[ sld te sg

Do k;Pkuxy* ]srk.gE kukrxakl Zby kykr H arskg ayokn k;

Dsky kye huako - atke kd aogU ;kg uhxy apk;Vsky&k;Vkl -

33

huQmnf jok;Vsky&k;Vkl ji ]hok| uwyd< rkMkv dsy

rk;Rk.gE -*1( kj - aj- sMkjskc ka.qk/$ hrskxhrku$ e%@Mkodsky$ g=x;

)54 B"=i 52&Zbcaqe Xy k;Pk;Vsky&k;Vkl k.hekzx h;k"ofku

srofk[kn uwyskc uwl hg pteljSx&tel yhrk;Pkadsky -

rkrdk' wlv syxkap sdrb k/acal spakuql&wlkl prpfoD -

yn@nck;Yk.kv suwlkl ktskc kBske iwk[ kpkrox uwrkukj knd,

srokxkj uwl - hguwk.gE ysdpy uke f srjd rD;O hrAH - jok;R

Zbkckk_ofkl aqVqd k.hekzx sr sr<kd jkxnm sr yhrsupjc k; hk_L

rkrMi wxky rarskrar kykdVk? - x ylc kld kdpy* - ajkkH

uwukv hjkpcf ;hysx uwVk? jki uwukv -*2 )64 B"=i oSk_r(

sgkv srtk>f phk'v hg hk_L hg jr sgOu ouke sAFb - kyrf

hgku rs; krjd jkzdr hghyld - sk.iVweuf srlskl Zol hr

sgkv -

jok;Ysx ky;koqk/ ak.wk/ johnu kyhyqe k;PZbkchk_ofkl

srjke wlkl uwk.gE hyojg hGskp - kyZbkchk_ofkl ]srGd sg

sgkv pZ;kgjfiv sg kys;ke k;PZbkv ]hgsrMj hr srVko VZbko -

ra;Rv sk.Vko kyZbkv hgkk.qd slv hoklv rkk[ql dsy hyikv

sgkv dtftkl - Lko syxkap jkQi hr kysuql k;Yikv dofr

srlv rit - kg s;u Qmskglkk_ kyhyqe k;Yikv k'sn@nm kyrk;

srlv rhjd eszi josuql Zbkchk_ofkl hjr kylv - uQjkdku sg

hgku rykp - uQjokk.jkd k;'k;@<o, kyhyqe k;Yikv k.i

srskg hxkt *wlkl* hyrk;Prf jok;YVgE syjke - kpwlkl

43

ktd rxkjiaji kk.ix skrs; pikvskikv - kH k;Pkxkj pk; rkj

syke;gO s; hd Bm* ]srk.gE o srjke rhMkcskAF k;Psuql hr -

lhylc ;kd uwdkV kMdkv hukohukj k;Pk;Tkj ? k/ sr auq ;kd

ky;koqk/ kd ;kjkus; ;ke htqr ?* 3 )84 B"=i oSk_r( sg k.i

pjAHk.k{ -

ky;koqk/ johnu rkgUm wr hk.k{ pk;&lqn skdu Qmkt

sroktc hr hgalv - uwk.gE yhk'Mi hjktkv wr ]srxkal uwokMjn

srjd hghtGkd - srskg *yZekWu* hr hk.k{k; - kyrk;Prf

h;kBk;Prf skt p%rywe o skrkt uwGk?jof *kk.iwlkl*

skrMki xkkH ky;kxko psyxkap kyrf hg skr sgkv kk.iyqxkap -

hGskp wlkl d, hguwlv slv hyofjB srjke kysuql jr - kyrf

srofBki hgky;koqk/ johnu - Qmkt wr rkum wlkl hjlqn jr

sroktc slv yhk'Mi hjktkv ]skdu -

huka; sMkjskc hrR=ozi k;Gxsoxso uskn pyhk/eka;k_Lf

rsgkv k;Yofk[kn - k;&lqn hghr k.i srskg hphk_L kk.capqd sAFb

puwMdhk_L - k_kd jr uwl hjkk.jd unsouf srMikl prh - k;Prf

skdu ky;kxkt slv hukadsky k;Pjsgke skr skrs; k.kr jokue

pkpk; srskg -

&% kk.capqd hjkk.skg sGqek;@njfkn k;Pjsgke

Vsj k;PhrAFLfjfi @ ycrg slk.ke hk/d hk/d hgsGqek;

rkrskg - hGki hpk;.ykk? jokv kukak{akdkv kNPb k;Pka;R

srs; jok;Pka;R - sAHm jt Vdal duftZokl sk[jklkGkd"qn rk;R

53

srpskgski Gk> hpk;R pkuka;Gxl jr sygfkj - uoht hdSik;&c

skrskg ynfykog hghjdrsk' kjkk.xt - suv k"o d k;YsyGki Zs

kjiaji kkHakl o srlc uQmskg k.hBd sk.GkAHakl hgtkojf sysyG -

kk_efql hxyqe hpka;R k.fkv okjyB@Bof yhrsAFd *jsgke*

sgkv sysyMikl rkpsi pkk'v - synf jkdk/fv suh<Qj kukak"Qjqi

hygfkj rcn hykk[kjkdk/fv k;R oSnl hk_L k.i -

Vdal spkGkd"qn Gosd hgku rZefufouke - k;PZkxluf

prhukldqu knpk;&c hrsk' hjkk.lv uwcayov jokk.ihjgy

srlv - hrk;@Msk[ sk' suk;Ylv phrsk' ;klo;O ;[qe y johr

srlv Vdal spjokoht k;Pkalk.ke k;YAFrf sg Vdal sysykv -

uQmskg drfxv hjdrsk' kk[jklkokjyB@Bof rkGkd"qn kk'v

skrkt - hysd k.Zkeuf hxar dZAFfkv sukGkd"qn - k/ zohr hpk;Uk

hykk> k.Zkeuf ZbkpaV - hgjok;Rskx k;Rku ekk.jfi k;Pk;R Qmskg

kyxky - hynf uwok[kn hj;ki hpka;R kuka;R suhrAFLf k; -

sgkv spk;okk.kv hjsgke hBklkk.lGkonf kyhdsy prkk'v -

sgkv syGki sukk{kVd sg huka;R rZkk"o pki&jkp k;Ysx - k; k.i

d yset sg Zhk"o gku h > k.Zkeuf hrAFLfjfi phk'v h sgkv hykk -

sgkv hykv hGki hpk;.<kd lonf joknMm ]k;Xyqg - rkk'v

jkk.skg ykg pjcskjck;Yikv hgsAFrf jr syk.kv kyhdsy

s;u wk.kv kyhyqe Zhk"o k; hd srVko kykikc uwk.gE - k.i

hgku rsn wlc iIx kyrf k;ke hpZbkv k;Phyqe - kyk;&ou hr

]srxkal hr jt hguwrk; o kxakl kyrf hrAFLfjfi hyikv hd

k| Qms; jr yslv jkk.s; - "skx uskn sAFb rsgkv hV - jrd,

63

Vosk' Zbkv hphyqe sgkv phk_L h - kB"rfziv hpkcaqVqd hgkyrf

hgku hp;k| Qmskg - hjlqn hyrk; hg sokxky k[ql kyhyqe

sgkv wtkc -

jqrp k;Yrk;.yskc k_ke okjuldf hgk;O k;Pka;R suZbk

skrsn uQjd ohk.kt kuka;R hphrAFLfjfi - sld k.ikv rk;R

skrjd uR;zi kpk;.ofk[kn sg rskgkv <pjo - dofrLko

skrlu djQi kljkQi klr rhrAFLf dZAFfkv hgk;Pkak?skn - k.i

kv hgk;O krkv i jok;YVgE sgkv pkyMikl rk;.yskc uwgk.

sgkv hk'd <pjo wtkc hpMdkyqe hyikv hpk;.ofk[kn sg

sgkv hykv hk/al - rhgku jk;r sr ky;kMskl hr - sg kysk_efql

hgku rVi - o kk.iVlGskAH kpkayMfo ]srskg AFLoLv hr

srs; wk[Gskv kyrf Zbkjqrp hpk;&lkl - rn/i kk'v suk;&lkl suh

? hk.lkirVym hpkayMfo k;Yikv hgku rik[ kyrf sg hok; -

t kyk;&lkl hr hGso kk'v hgky;kjkpof ck rkgi s<qi sxke

hgku - sMdk;Pka;R hk'v skrskg rjkpof he uwk.gE sgkv Gckajkr

sg* ]srjkpof kk_efql kyk;R ]skrjd kjlkl sjrRm hphredgf

okylc kyk;Ld rhjkpb xe jr ]argO pokB kykeqr ajkl ?

kd arogU rs; ky;kxakl V"iL uwk.gE ZbkgU ap;kMkk/ ? *4 kj( -

aj- )75 B"=i hrskxhrku$jsgke$sMkjskc rsAFd k;Pka;@Mkjskc

sgkv sryskc hk_L pknka;Ygfi - hgsuk;R hjr kylv kjlkl

hjkk.lv k.kt hpk; rstgfki k;YGki knZk;e hgkad k;Pk;R

sgkv kk_efql - ]hpk;&lkl hd hpkayMfo hr xe kB"rfziv

;Pk;R jkpof kyxkap kg s;u Qmskg phpkk.qd sgkv sxkek -

73

srjd |j hgrsc kpk;.kt hjsgke kk_efql - kyhrkt k;Phdsy*

ky;kt kykjs;kgE kd yaVko axu hjr kod ? hjkk.jkpof alv *

srjd |j psk.kt syikv kk_efql - suktkyZbku ;Zk.uf kg kyrf

skrxky kok;? - srskg ps;kt kyjsgke hgkyrf uwrkue -

lv hpka;k_Lf yhrkuoht k.hekzx srskg rD;O sAFb kr;kg -

hgku rali kyrf sk.sk? uQjd kuysgov hpkikc - ;zif jsgke

hgku ;zifv hgjlkl k.i psgkv - sAFb psi hjsgqn kysk_efql

sgkv - <skv hpjsgke kyhyqe jkk.kt hjk? ;kok'fhyqe ikc

hgku rs; krkt hghjr sgkv - sgkv p;kglv hg hk_l jsk[v

AFd hg jra;Rzi spk; srsn uwk.kv k -

&% kk.capqd hjkk.skg suk;Ykk> u ywe

sk.ie{wl jkQi kg&r k/ofof k;Pkk[%qn hk_L huka; sMkjskc

rsgkv k;YiVf - dsuv hpkk[%qn hroskAHkznasd pkd, k; *uXy*

rokv Mkjskc hg sg rkrkt rVem hk'd suZ rkrGkgk;U s -

srkt hjskekl hk_L kuka;Lel dsuv hgjraukuXy - s;/ek;@Msk[

srlv oRge jkQi kyhV"skx k;@g sk.skg ywe - huakjdnaQjqd jgju

v sysysd upsoof rZkAHnal k; rsuokrLzi k;P*kGouko* ]sgk

sMkjskc k.k_pf spkuoht k;T* k;R rsgkv rhjd t kpkuoh

sgkv xkkH kpkoRge d, kg cawVqd - hg rkuoht k.hekzx

ukoyc pjkQi ohk.kt hpkcaqVqd srlv - sjkk/kv k;PkcaqVqd

drfxv skr pjskel k;PkcawVqd k; k.fkv skrskg ZAFel lwk.ke

skrkt uQmskg - sBske jkqi kykyqe rsok.fkt d;k"ofcaqVqd k;

83

sgkv oRge - hgku sykk> jdoy ywe jt jcskjck;Ykk> uXy

kk.koyofsd hgk"Qjqi jr hgku slv srskg ynfykog pZbkc jr

skrskg -* 5 ]uk'kdzi ;sev & kGouko$kuokrLzi$jgju jdnaQjqd(

) jwixku

hpkraoskj k;Ysykk> ynfykog pkk'v s;/esAFd *arku*

jskc kAF;O rkrMkae sMk - Zsk"o kjkc jraukuXy kyrf hjr hykk>

hgku sykk> ywe - hr josk'kv k; yZbskg ywe kykk.ikv hguwtv

sgkv srxt - .jd uXy sjlqn kg okjekj sgkv rkjkpof k;Pk; -

srkt hyuke wtkc h;knyQi rk;@Gxl hpkoRhk_L hg oR=rke -

k.hekzx hgtkv rwtel hk'v sgkv sjqiv oRhk_L ;kok'fkoR=rke

sgkv <Qj rktkel - hpkuXy k;&lqn kyk;&ou sukraosk'

sgkv hysynf hghxukoji - uknuf prskgkv hk[%qn k.ikv

k;&ou Gef k[ql spkyqe hjr ky kkH hg sok sgkv rk; kuo -

sgkv krapf hpk;OrofAH k;Phyqe hgkukikc Zbkv k;Phyqe -

hpka;R sukjkpof k;PhuRi kck;Rkr yhMo sphyqe rkk'v

rkrykk? Vkk? kpk;.sn kuakokjekj hxyqe hpkoku kei -

caqVqd k.hekzx dsuv hpk;Ykv uQmskg rol k.gfc rsupj

rkrlnf sk.jgknm - E ;kd dsky yhrk.g ? Zbkv k;Phyqe hpk;

srlv rVko hrhAH rrl kykikc - hd ysrugE dsky ji*

uwugE aynf johrol -* 6

kj( - aj- $hrskxhrku$rku$sMkjskc

)06 B"=i 52&Zbcaqe g=x;e%@Mkodsky k<osr yhrk.gE dsky rk;

skrkt ky<kd kxMskr hg kg Qmsn k.ikv kMaqg - jkp uXy sg

93

sokgO suhk{kl o suhreal k;Pkadsky - srVko kuakikc Zbkv pslv -

sgkv kpkoRge jkQi sAFb dVk? kg *tkel* - Zbkv k;Phyqe

hgkyk;&ou ]syVko kukayMfo psxy jr hyMi rali hxyqe

hgku rskg uXy - kyk;R hghjr sylv uXy spkk.isjlqn sg hjt

sgkv phog hg kr;Uketkel -

qd hpkraosk' uwk.gE rol psuhk.gfc kyrf hd hk'v kk.cap

hgku ;Uke sg sok; - k;Pkei Zhowik;.Gd luke kpkayMfo

aprf kdu woBf jrke knekv* ]srk.gE hr h;k"ofkuXy - ZbkgU

hBske hMgO, ysrk.gE dsky jr aysd uhxy jorLZbqg hjou

ZbkgU - ;skrlnf kV@Vc hjr Zbkd kor -*7 )16 B"=i oSk_r(

dsky srGef ky;kgi sr srk.kv okcn hk'd rwtel - kpkayMfo

hgku ;Uke kukraosk' okrLzi - kykikc pjiLji k;Pk;&ou hr

el srxkal uwokt - kkHoL hgzxkv kpkei sk.MakAH rk;Pekv o

srokuql kykikc hr rknCk' k; yhjd k.Zkeuf - kk{si hgk;

k| hjk? k;Yxkap kyrf - uskn&jktg jr sog hBklk;R jktg

sgkv jk;r hr hgky;kjd rne s;iQj - rkjk? k; kyrf k.i

kdu wk.kv uwk.gE rol hk>ke - k.fkv sgkv hgjkgo;O rk;

sgkv hghV"=njwn - k.fkv rsokgj syxkap k/acal spjsgke

f hk'v sokGef k[ql hgkyk;&ou kkH hpr sgkv kuo - phxm

skdu ky;kt ;"q;kv prkk.MakkH - k;Ylu ywe phk/kv k[%qn sp

k/skjof kykei hr uwk.gE skdu jAH hk[k.kv rk;R psgkv kyrf

srjd - skrVko hgdrDfq;al k/skjof kg kprf - ]srk.gE kykikc hr

rlv k/acal kpk;UbgE jkp ku;gE* aylskl hcald k;E jr k

04

arlv - g ji ;kg k/acal kpkeUt sk; -* 8 )56 B"=i oSk_r(

t k;Prf sk.jd tkjku kykikc p'uf hr k.i srs; jokoh h;

sgkv - < hr uwlkik;Zk.uf k;Prf hgku rG - prk; hjt sukikc

rkctfv hr hghjr syrxfkal slv sgkv rgf sjk[ sk>qr

hgkur skg jwn uwlkik;Zk.uf - sMkjskc huakjdsMonfkac rkadznap

jdskB rsAFd k;Pka;@Mkjskc* ]ahd sgkv syVgE h;k"ofsAFd k;Pka;

&kk.kk[ sk>skv spkk[%qn o k;&kk.xt uoht rVijl ]k;

o uwrkauVk? ;Ukekl kurk; k;Psrut k.hekzx k;&kk.gko

rkrskg rD;O uwrkxalzi -* 9 o kk.jszi ;Rgfkl hBkje$kAFd(

zd B"=i Zbcaqe uk'kdzi jyq;IkWi 57&0591 $ iQjoL -

)151&051

oRge jkQi rktkel k.hekzx kyhV"skx k; sk.skg ywe sgkv -

hgkad hysysd jkdhoL hgkpkoRhuRiqgc hBklk; hok<ko ysok'ao

rkrGef lk;okgi hGMae - oku ]ljko kyhVsVLb

k.Zkeuf kuiYd kk'v ljko hBklsB"rfzi ]ljko hBklk;.ofykp

rkrskg - skrlu oko sBqd hgkyhMsktMr rhrckc k; - sukoZsnqn

r skdu hBklkyqe hk_L hnkk[, hysykk> u ywe ky;kjd ;Onf s

srskg jk;r - kpka; caqVqd ]tkel k.i pjdoy kyrf dkk/

skrync jkpof kprf k.fkv skrjd k/okl - s;/esAFd *kBjcam*

k;Ylqlkv hBklkyqe Zbkckk."=d rsgkv - kk[jklhyqe k;PVski

kkHakl kyrf kjou kjkk.it hyokiskyoki k.fkv ]kjlkl kjkk.G

sgkv kysykGef - sgkv hdSik;Yxkap hrsk' ]kMko kbske - rDQi

srlv rGkt lonfak_kj kyrf rak[ hpk; hgku konf kykk'ao -

14

eq sjqiv sGqek;R pk.iZbkc spZbkc ]pVZbko k[%qn spk; hgku kxy

sgkv rwtel d, hghk'v srkgj -

sukxav hMx kySkn kjkk.lv kjskx sukxaj ]rwcte

skrMokv uwlkikue kyZbkckk."qd - kySkn sGqekQiSd k;Pk;.Qjkr

QmifQmkk[ rkrkad, kyk;R hguwlv hMx kpjk? srykk? -

srjqk> hBklk;Pk;R - Pk;R srjd eszi uwoky oht jok; - suk;R

kk.l k;PhGskp k;Ysynf srjd jkdhoL kp - k>ke sukk.k[ pk; h

srjd hgkk.jkpof hk'v jkk.jAH hk/d hVskv - k.fkv kjou k_ke

srsn dwk.xko hk[jklk;@Mx kyhrySkn hr k_ke jskelk;&lkl -

srskg sg ohk.kt hpsrorLko kyrf - kprf pskr rkrakd, k.i

skrlv oLZol - srxky <skv jkoufv hpk;R kyrf - hBklk;Pk;R

hpkuetkel kkH ]hrhAH k.fkv dkk/ kphdo rhGko jk?

hgku rVko kyrf hghrhAH ;OkkHal hpk;.dkV - k;Pkjhjk' k.jkd

srxky ky;kVko NPqr kyrf sGxl sphdkc s<qikk[ql - k.i

srtel hj;ki hphrySkn kyrf pkrs; jokukAH - kyk;R hr

kdu Qms; hGs; k;Rylk;RyAH alkv kod kuqi* ]srokuql

rk;@Mko - ;kg lZbkc hpkGhk'kGqd k;E - qr kykeqr hj;ki hpe

;kg okB - kxko aukejihj;ki k;Peqr heqr - *]krkv kt11

kj( - aj- hk.Ge$kBjcam$sMkjskc

qi lQmkg xalfhyCi krgse 03&sk.

)141 B"=i

k.i ]sgkv kog skr hgkykue k.fkv kykjhjk' k;PZbkckk."=d

dhoL Mk?m kpk;R kkHhrhj ]huakuk/ac tkel sk.jd jk ;Dk' huahr

rskg hgku - srskg kk.capqd hpZbkckk."=d hgsuwtkc k; - suknkoiv

24

hpZbkckk."=d kk'v s;/ekrxt hk_L k.hekzx k.i kuZbskg kd

srskg kk.capqd - hk_L k.hekzx k.i kuZbskg kd suknkoiv

k;Ysylc rhk'skl k[%qn syikv Zbkckk."=d kk'v s;/ekrxt

rkrlnf - ;@Vko k;Pka;R phrI=rv uwMdhGxl hysykv kyk

srlv - qr- ak' - uZk.o spsAFLov k;PZbkckk."=d huka; Zhk.dyqd

hdkd, k;PZbkckk."=d hg *kBjcam* ]ahd sgkv syVgE kukrjd

sgkv kAFd hjkk.jd k.k_pf spkk[%qn k;@<o,kjxaskM yhk/ekuoht -

*11 qr Zhk.dyqd( - ak' - kj$ - aj- ukB"rfzi kAFd hpka; sMkjskc

czsQi nkckxajSkv qz- zd B"=i 8691 - )51 srkt uwVi tgl sg -

sgkv hGxso prkt hpkk[%qn k;Prf - r kphr=dLal hr hghj

Mkayskv kBjcam hgku rh - sMdhrySkn suhrn/i k;T hr hghjr

GVv hg sk.skg <skvjrqd hpkue k;Prf rk;R srskg rZk"fdkv

sgkv V"skx - jnkuv hgsBqd yn@nck;&ou hr hguQmskg s<o,

k[kn f hgku ro - kp%roL hr sukk.jeL k;Pk;R hGsoskGso Vym

yskr srlnf kukrjokl -

rhgku rdk' wync hd,kd, sue hg hjkk.it kjiaji -

upsoof spk; rsuokrLzi k;P *kGouko* huakjdnaQjqd jgju

kg kjou rkue rxkjiaji k; * ]ahd sgkv syrxfkal kukrjd

jknhAFkl kps;:k' krlqu skrlu - dk/fv hjrhrdf skr uwgk;R

skrlv - hjr kykk> ;@glv hghrdf kjkeMaskd kpsulko uwk.gE

rkrMQiMr ]rkr<qd slk.ke rkuk/ac jktg k;Phr=dLal - sg k.i

hgku rs; krGkV htglktgl kuka;R uk/ac - dsuv kpsulko kg

34

ahGrki dsuv ]hjni sMkjskc sg k[sykv drf=dLkal kpjo k;Pka;

Fd *]sgkv ;@V"k'fSo spkoRge spsA

&% kk.capqd sukuZro k;Pkalk.ke k;Pjsgke

r<ko oLZpo sph;tokaH kGso hgkad s;/ehrn/i cawVqd kd,

srkt - hgjokk.ijsgke k;PkdDg k;Phk.gfc ekk.jfi kpk;R

skrskg - rkrkt k;Yjke kNPb k;Prf - uQjsgke k.hgc Zsk"oquZkk"o

uwk.gE yZbs; hGkjqe pkk'kjuf hprf k.i srkgj rkgi Vko

srskg - .kc kphk.gfc k;Ysykk> k'kjuf kk'v *hGkjqe* kk.ijknsk

sMkjskc rsAFd sgkv kyjkrpf huka; - kykk[%qn k;Pka;k_Lf phk_L

srskg rwAHhk.jkd - rk;R srlv hed ;Ywe kyrf rkcaqVqd phk/kv

kglv prLkt hr jr jok;Ykv kyk;@Vko sk[%qn hylv srskg ; -

jko&k.l dukpv osnk[ql QmkAH kpkk.qxl kyrf kukrlu

Mkx hBklk;.su hjsgke skrs; uQmsk? h - o srVko Z;p'kv kyrf

skrskg hgnaukv - hd srs; rkk{y k;Prf rkGso pk;@MskAF

uhr uskn hBklkk.iraGkc hokAH hpkk.qxl ]skd;kc hposnk[ql

hjr hk.qd hjk? suk;Ysx hjsgke sugfe kkH lwk.ke Zbkc hjd

kkF ;O Gosd kg sog hBklk;.i k djfkgo jskelk;GskM uskdhV"=n

B kkH uQms sgkv kykv ky;k;U kyk;Yikv Qm - hr pkrtel sg

srjkdku sp;kt hjsgke - uwk.gE yZbskg Gcakjkr hpk;&ou sAFb

srxkal kk.qxl k.jkd slv hgku ret sk.s; kye - psp;kt kyrf

sGqek;R srlu s<o, srskg slsjqi k.jkd - kkH jok; skjkv kpko i

;ke ]kdDkv k.gE hc ;kd wr* ]hd klv k;Pklk.ke k;Pjs

44

st surf jok; ]*ZbkgU kysy;kg pkuisyikv kyqr rhrckc

sgkv synf jrRm - rD;O xkj kGxl kpjotkv kprf rk;R

skrskg - rk{fsiuv sg kykokAH suk;Ylv ryskc hr ;Rl wVd

srVko - * ]srk.gE hr ------ Got ehpai ]hykv Got hGkonf

@Gkjqe hp;kgki Vko hrdf k;E hd hykv hpk; - hGkjqe kod

kye ap;kVko alkv srkt hjs;kgE k;E kk?c kod ukv skrs; -

lZbkgU ayrxfc hcuwdaqM aMdgf kor ji - ekd krkv kor ayMi

htke hykv nk; jrke -* V"iL hphdqk.xkok;PkokAH rknCk' k;

srsn kyk;R ohk.kt - skr uwlkihk.gfc sukisk{rLgrfv k;Pskd;kc

hynf uQjd kyk;R ohk.kt hpk; sgkv kyykp rVqr kld

srkt - srMm Gcakjkr hpkokAH - hxsk;im sAFb kk.ihdjsc kpk;R

hgku rMi - rji sukrkg k;Ekdjf hyokik;Ykv skr hVosk'

skrkt - rjlof hr ky;k| uQjd k;Ek'n kykokAH kukrkt

hgku - hed eszi sphk.gfc kk.qxl hjr kylv wVd hghrdf xalzi

hgku rsn Qmskg -

sMdhMkx k;&kk.kt k;PkokAH huak;GskM k;YsyjAH

hgku rjm phgkad hrkg k;Prf ;kok'fk;.kgi - kj - aj- sMkjskc

;Ysynf kuka; syYikrRskd AFkuxku huka; k.wd, rhrk[kyqe k

syVgE kukrxakl k.isGxso syikv suhV"=n k;PsAFd k.hekzx hBkje

k.hekzx %rk"sk'of *hrskxhrku* yhrktkel k.hekzx* ]ahd sgkv

k.Zkeuf uwrkk/acal k; o k/acal spk;Rskxk;Rku yhrtkel hBkje

rsgkv sysykv uwk/ekAFd k;>ke okk.rk.kr sjkk.skg - ;kok'f

hekzx f yhrkuoht k;Pka;k_Lf yhrktkel k. hpkiQjoL k/ofo

54

kkFd k;>ke sk.idofkkHkoL sk[%qn rsgkv hysykv uwk/e -* 21

kj rk[kyqe$syYikrRskd AFkuxk - aj- ;Rgfkl k.hekzx$hpka; sMkjskc

zd B"=i sk.qi lQmkg xalfhyCi krgse & k/skk' k.fkv iQjoL -

)421

sGqekk.MakkH k;Pka;&kk/yMfo &% kk.capqd hysykk>

hgkysuiYd k;Pkjkdagv k;Pakk"Qjqi hgkad k;YsyMi hGc

Mkjskc k;k_Lf rkrlnf uwk/ekAFd k;Pka; s - k"skn kliYv kpka;R

skrkt uQmsn kuka;k_Lf kk{k'f hpkjAHeUt - kuiYd k;PsB"rfzi k;

rkrlv orLkov knpk;&c - hgk;O uskn s;/esAFd *dkk/*

akkH hk'kadsed, rkrM - o rkrMakkH hk'hdsed, hgkuql&wlkl

rkrlc uwk/kac hjni k[%qn spkeUt -

hd k;Yuke k;Bske kB"rfzi k;Yikv huka;gk;O uskn

srskg kk.capqd hpakuokkH k;Pakuql ]k;Pkayqe - k;Ckar kyrkrkg

kyVqQi k;Ckar* ]Zbkcktjkl wlkl hpkraosk' uQjok;R kyMi

kc kk>qr ;kd jr kyVof ;kd jkk.sn uwk.kv i ?* srykc s<o, -

srskg rkoQjql kyZkk"k?al k;Pkuql&wlkl puwAFb - kyhk_L hgkk.qd

k;Pjsgke k;Prf yn@ncaklk.ke hgku rik[ sysyyskc VZbko&sjc -

srskg k[%qn spk; kyrf - srjd yoMakkH pspk;@<o, wlkl -

jr hgku uhgkj he rkjk? k; jrd, hd srxakl Gotk;&ou

r yhgkj h - skrjd hMaskd hpakokjraok'; jkpof hdsjrfv kg -

hjsgke kykraosk' hBklaklonf hgkad hd rkr<kd Zxke sr uwrk;R

64

sokoBki - kysuql xe yZbskg rakk' xkj kpskd;kc k|m ku tkv

skrs; hk'kxav jkdzi pkg k.i sokk.kv kgUqi -

uQjd MsktMr skrskg uR;zi hgkpk;.ofVef u'zi - kraosk'

ky;kxko alr yk;Rofxko alt ;kck;Rkv* ]ahd srjd hgywcd

k;E ;kg jk;r - tMr hpsuql * ;Ukev kywlkl hgMsk - spkraosk'

Mo rkrjd u'zi kpsB"rfzi kg kn/ql sg okjhtkukr yh -

k<ki kpkGN k;Ysykk> jotkv k;Phdsy rkrpko - s<qik; o

pjr yslv rk?uf kGxso ekjGfc Zbokt jt hxyqe hk>ke

rkrokuql slv uZbkt uQmsk? hjsgke kyrf he kAF;Uv ysnkau -

skrlv kpk;&ou jkk/kv kBske raZkol kyskd;kc - k;Pk;R

srdk' wok[kn hjk;r hpk;.lskl hghgkad hr h;ki - wraji

skrkgj iIx ekjgFc - skrokVn Vym - jd hgk/skjof skr rh

hgku - <o, uwMdk;&ou hpkraosk' srlv rLkj sk.lv kk{siv h

srskg kk'kjuf hprf hgsAFb k.i - ky;kt hjsgke jcskjckikc hr

srlu hgjk;r - psgkv dkk/ kpkayMfo kgUqi - hk/d stk.gE

hk/d hk/d k.fkv kjou hk/d jr ikc hk/d ]kjlkl hk/d ]wlkl

srjd drfxv kyrf hrAFLfjfi - kpkue k;Prf sGqek;R

skrskg kjkeMaskd - uwk.gE hk_L hjknckct hpk;.ysi k[%qn

srs; psMdkraosk' - s<qi k.k{ hgkad spZkk"k?al k;Pakuql&wlkl

rkrosB uw<ko Vkr spkk[%qn hBklkjAH;"q;kv -

74

&% kk.capqd hysykk> sGqekiQj xaj

hk_L hjkk.lv hjk;r hpk;.lskl sjkl ]uQmsB V@Vk? ue

ky;klnf hr ]sgkv hk'd sukiQjxaj u'zi kg hjskx hd hGkd

s;u Qmskg prAFLfim dofrLko - kn/qlxaj djfhjkk' kprf k.i

skrdk' QjB k.jkd spkk[%qn k;Prf - ]hjkk.it kyk;&ou sukue

uwk.gE sgkv hGkd hk_L hjkk.jd k.Ziel jhjk' kyk;R

srkt hyjkdku hgjraukuXy - kjkk.skg jokoRhk_L k;Prf kg

sgkv p;k;Uv - ;.sk?oht phBklk;.ofpi Vski spkukeiv k

kryhk'ugl rirb k;.Vko slv koklv eUt kphk_l

srofk[kn kraelf hyrsAFd *kraelf* -

srskg kk.capqd hprf kukrlu dwp hghgkad hpkraelf -

skrjd AFLoLv kyrf xaj kGkd kysynf suZkxluf - kjou

skrokuql hgkukayMfo - skrjd ukeiv kpka;R - stk.gE

fo pslv ;"q;kv sGxl kyrf ]hd sgkv syjk/ rhg=x shghukayM

ysxky sokgj rGt - k;Prf uQjd s<qi k.isGkd spkraelf hgsAFb

srkt syjk/ kyhBso kykoRhk_L - kprf rk; sgkv hGkd hr

skrlu k"skn phgkad - ky;koAHnm u'zi kg hjr jraukuXy uknuf

krskg skdu - ;konkau hgkjou jr krkv k.i hgku jk;r ky -

sgkv pkykraelf psi kjk[ k.i ]rk;Pka; Zbokt&kjlkl Zk"k?al -

rkctfv yn@nck;&ou rkuek;Prf hguQmskg sjkl s<o,

hgku rkgj krqVd - hr kukrkt hjsgke jcskjckayMfo

srMi k;ki k;Pk;&ou - k.wk[ hg phpkue rjfkdLalql k;Prf

84

sgkv - rDQi kk.isGkd kpkjhjk' k;Prf skrlnf kyk;&ou - k.i

hgku rs; rkk{y k;Pk;R kk.isBske kpkue k;Prf sukoZSnqn -

sk.kt hjsgke spkraelf k.fkv rkrsk? uQjd k'syDeRkv sjlkl

srskg n@nj - rsn woky rkg kykxav kyrf skr hghGkdk;/al

hgku - skryskc uwMskr - klv kokk.gE kyikv kyk;T jraukuXy

k.gE jkk/kv osed, jok;Ysd hk.GkVsg hk'v psuk;R ]kjou st

rkrskg nac psrLj sGxl sphrwAHqukgl - hpkk[%qn k;Prf

hgku rs; krdkV hgjokk.qd ;kok'fk;&ou k;Prf hjknckct -

f slv psk.xko spk;r , suk;@Vkdqe kyrf hd sgkv k_pfo uwd

srxky sok;? -

&% kk.capqd hjkk.skg sGqekukiuke

hyikv rkokax hgslSi psjc hBklk;.ofdVf kB"rfzi Zpk[

rkrxky sokjd - , hk/d hk/d k.Gk/m hpkk'Si hgkukrlu ri

srxky hokjd - sp;kjd uwBqd hjr ket slSi slv - kg kjlkl

kyhyqlo sk.ik{;Rziv k.fkv skroBkv hGso kk'v dVk? osed,

srskg rkoQjql - slSi k{;Rzi skd;kc uwk.gE srlu ;Dk' sk.xke pky

srkt syjk/ kyhBso - psg sdesu sphk_ofkl k;YrsAFd *kolQj*

srskg -

kj kukrjd rD;O rxskue hk/acalkuk[sykAFd k;Yikv - aj-

yhrsupjtkel k.hekzx huka; sMkjskc yhrktkel kBkje

Pkadsky PkiQjoL k; k; sgkv sygfyf h;k"of hk.krk<skv k; - sr

f apk;okt rktkel k; * ]rkrk.gE AFLzi k.k{yo - aog kyk;R

94

auk;Rku k; hjr ayko hgald auk;R k.fkv ]skrdk' wxko skr alr

rkruke slv sgkv dDg kg kysynf kyk;R - ak.xko alv apk;R

arMk? rZkAHnal k;Phk.jd %rk.jkk/kl - uwMdkadsky k;Pjlkl

srlv kk{siv hphk.jd kyk;r - phyld kysk{siv k; k;Pk;R

srlu knZk;e - Qjd skr hk.xke hdrrf yZbs; kysNPb k;Pk;R

slv sgkv dDg kyk;R kpk;.jd hk.xke hk'v k.fkv skrdk'

arkt ayuke - hjqi hr aGqek;Ylu knZk;e kyhk.xke k; k;pk;R

arlu rskg ;Dk' klgl ak.jd - k;Pjlkl aGqek;R k.fkv

skrlv xkj kpk;R jokadsky - huZkxke k;@Gkjufjuf skr xkj kg

hpk;R znasd ajk[ apkxkj k;Pk;R hjr kylv rhjd rD;O hjt

srlv skd;kc - srskg hMaskd k.k{yof hprf rhrAFLfjfi kk'v -

srgkj rhk'skl hgkad ajkl hr uwckn Bskv jokGskv -*

rsog slSi uwMdk;&lkl kyk;okt rsAFd *kolQj* - sr k.i

p%roL kyhk_ofkl skr uwk.gE sp;kxke sld k{;Rzi hjsgke

skrkt uQmsk? - rhgku rsn sr kupwlZowi hghyld jnskxkv - Vym

klv hgku jkk.su ky;konkau kyhyqe jr rhgku synf slSi jt

skrosB uQmsn prZQikeskd;kc hgen - kyhBso kyskd;kc hBklkk'Si

skrjk/ - kysd hBklkk'Si ]hBklsB"rfzi xsk;im kpka;k_Lf kgUqi

skrkt - raek.g yhMo kkFLov k_pfof hpakokj srskg - sok| u slSi

hgku sjk[ hgkad spk;"q;kv k;Phdsy jr - sr jr rsok| slSi

hgku kr;Dk' ekjrql hpk;.s; rji - kykikc k_ke hxyqe

* ]ahd srokuql V"iL ----- ]jr sysx k; okt kl;i d, ji

kyuk;R kdu Qmnf - uwk.gE apkrsn auk;'v heqr kd knd,

05

ysrlc uwokdskl sr jr ayGd kyuk;R - kye sr kyhjkc jn

ysrugE skrsgU kor yk| slSi @ukv ysrukv alkv - k;Pk;&ou *

srjB p;:kgklv hr hguwlv kuiYd Zk.wi kyrf hpkokAHoL -

hk/d k;R hd srlv sdrb AFLzi spakuiYd k;Pkukeikuke

knZk;e hgkad hgkyk; rs;u wGki hk/d o rk;OkGki rjB

hgku - skrskg dsjrfv hgkpk;R - Zbkut s;/esAFd *aMskBkx*

kyhMkojqlkl pknka;Ygfi hgkukrlv jok;@Bjcam k;Pw;R=e

srkt sysd dqrSkd spk;okt k;Ysykv - u ukkH sphrAFLfjfi kgOsr

srkt sysd ;Uke k.isBske spk;okt hgkrosB - k_pfof ph<Qj hg

srxky wVko -

;PZbkut jk? sGxl dukpv kukrlv rkazdkraf sukjktkv k

k;PZbkut sGqek;R k.fkv ]skrs; jcskjc hdsy zbokt

k;Pkjsgkv k.fkv k;Pkukikuke k;Pk;R hgkk{sikjktkv

srkt synf ;Ukk/kzi pkyh<Qj - suk;Ylv phk_L d, kn/ql Zbkut

sk>ke hd srjd jkpof pkg hgkukrlv rs<kn k;Pw;R=e %roL

hgku sjk[ hgkad - jr hgku kysd jsgkv k.ikv tkv k.i

yZbskg *tkAH&Gkt* sMdrf kyhdsy - hgk;ke hpZbkv hxalzi k;

srlnf hgMiMk/ Mkikotf hysysd hBklk;.Bki h<Qj o srlnf -

skrjB xkkH pkpkVdal krjB u naukv kg sk.s; spk;okt -

sgkv ;kglv hk.eDfQj hjkpcf - kyk;&ou kyrf jrd,

u Qms; hgEqr kuakikc&Zbkv k.fkv hgku rs; krxkal slv kd

hgku rs; krjk/ uwoiskAF - hghpahk?skn k; Zbkut k.fkv hk.eDfQj

15

srskg iwk[ k.krk<skv dufokAH - k;Pka; Zbokt k.fkv kjlkl

srskg rZbkai jkQi hphk.eDfQj hxyqe rZkk"k?al - kk{siZbkv k;Yikv

sgkv srxky sok| oRge kyk;okt - rf sg hgku rMi ky - hr

ap;k;gU rk;Ukk[kon ky;ke hgEqr pajk[ ]kckv* ]srk.gE

kjd - | Qjd hc ;kd hus;g k kye - k;P;ke ;kd lhjikoht

aykv ZbkgU rLkt -* Zbkv hd sgkv sysyVi sg kykue k;Prf

stgfki hypko - wlskl k.ikv hjr kyxky wGN hghrdf kjou -

hgku jkk.Gef kgUqi Zbkv k.i - k.i qd sprf rsk? jokue phk.

hgku - MkxySc k;T rk;Ukk[kon k;Pk;Dqykr kyZbkut uwrh

hBklk;.k.kv jsgkv kyk;okt uwrhMkx pk;R srlv sp;k;U

rkrk?uf okjhtkcayf sjlkl - hk_L hGki hpk;.skg rwAHkji

srs; pjohk.eDfQj kgUqi uwk.gE - hgk[%qn sxsktk;.s; krysi u sg

;r kyrf hpk;.ysi srxky hokjd hjk - alk.ke hpjlkl

sgkv rhgke kuka;R sg arlu ayxkap hgkgOsd ak.ofk[qn - uwk.gE

sgkv drfxv kGrqi - hgku ryskc hgnCk' d, hr - k;@Bske uskn

Maske susuql hgrk;R k.fkv huakd;kc rknkoal k;Pkalk.ke

sgkv pkjiaji hg hgku sp;kMk?m - kAFLov hpkGrqi

[jklsGcaqp srskg phk - k;Pjsgke ]sk>skv spkk[%qn spjlkl

srskg Gcaqp ps;/e hr uwk.gE skdu jok;DskM - d, ]srlskl sjkl

hgku ryskc hgjk{v - hgku rdk' wyskc hr yhk[sn hk'kayMfo -

kk.capqd hpka;k_Lf sukk.isdesu hghjr suke;al huka; smkjskc

sgkv sysd k.k_pf spk; srkgj rskg hk'd -

25

kjskc sM ;k"ofkAFd kk.idrfxv kpka;k_Lf k;Yrk;@Msk[ huka;

uR;zi kpk;.su sMdke{wl dk/fv kysAFd k.hekzx hBkje uQjd

sgkv kysysd - hgku aysykv sk.ildl k;Drrf k.k_pf sg Zhowik;

srVko rak[ kuka; sMkjskc hpk; - ]rkrk.gE sr s<qi yhrk;@Msk[*

ka;k_Lf jwtersk' hjdrsk' o uZkk"dzi k;T k.k_pf orLko ap

srskg aog lk;ok; rk;e%@Mko k.hekzx hBkje sk.ihokaHzi -

hgku paysykv sr jklquk;R - phegsu sMdka;k_Lf k; k;Yrk;@Msk[

sgkv aysygfki ausAFd k.hekzx uwk.gE ;k"ofnskuof koadf jkax=k' -

hJ - hJ koadf jdGwxMke uk'sVda;O - ;Pka; yhVki jdak' k

k;Yrk;@Msk[ uwrk;e%@Mko k.hekzx k_pf apkuoht orLko k;Phk_L

hgku aysykv rkk.kezi kk'sjqi sr hjr ]aylv aysykv - k.hekzx

uwcayov jokk"Qjqi k;Yrkjk? hoLZol kuka;k_Lf k;YrkxkkH

rs; pkrxt uoht k_aroL kuka;R sGqek;Ylv rxky aokgkj

hgku - L e;:qn phegsu kuk;R rkjk? arlv ukAF - *apkk.ioMakj*

arxky aokxt kyrf *uoht aysynf uwdkV auk;&ou* koadf -

arlv ak.sk?oht dk/fv nMx pdk/fv k[%qn aprf jr kgOsr -

k;Ysykv k;k_Lf k;PkiQjoL k/ofdsuv kk'v uwrkaAFd k;>ke

rsgkv -*

klkaehek.jkdhpk; sykv kd kyk;@Vko pk;Yikv k[%qn

g* hgkk{sik;.jd pk.ikv sr k.fkv sgkv spk;@Vko pk;Yikv s

kukrjd k;k_Lf k; hjk;r hpkue hk'v *stgfki syxskaH

rkrlnf - k;Yikv rkk.MakkH k;PsB"rfzi k;Pka;@gk;O uskn

k;&kk.MakkH uwk.gE srskg kk.capqd hpkue ]hpkjhjk' kuaklk.ke

35

hgku rtel hgjknckct hd hgku rsn k"skn hk/d hk_L hyAFb -

pokAHh;kAFL kpkuoht k;Pka; kg hk.jljkpof hnkooSn hg

skrlc uQmskg - srskg yseykk? ht hpsxkAHznap k;YrsAFd *k/kac*

rskgkv jknckct %rZk.wi pslk.keyMfo hyrkjk? hgkyk;R - k.i

hgku rhjd hr hgk[syYm kk/kl klr -

sykk> Mk?ov hgsk.ofk[kn uwyskc kyrf kr;kglv hprf

kv sg- hgkyrf jok;YVgE hgku rxky k{y rkekd spk;R

jkk.ykp lonf hrdf slv sg srkgj rVko hjr sBqd uwrkv ?

kd skrlv rdqp ;kd skr ;kg kVoxskAH* ? jkx@nm sprf sg *

dk/fv kyrf suhrAFLfjfi hgkk{sik;o hjr syVko spkk.irDski

sgkv syofdk'f - ukv k;Yrk;.xt ]sgkv sysd sk.kgk' hpkna

srxky sokgO jwn uwlkikxt k;R kyrf pZhowik;.skg k[Gskv - ue

srxky sokjke - uR;zi kpk;.it ue spkAFkuo'of hr hgrk;R

srjd -

&% kk.capqd hysykk> sGqek;Ok/So

&kk.s; u krVsAH kyk;R hguwlv kjou kAF;O hphk_L k;

k;pk;R ]skrkt uQje dukpv kjou phk'r rkrMake smkjskc

srxky sok| Maskr kuakVdal dsuv kyskd;kc - yhrsAFd *oMkae*

srskg hdkd, jrauw;R=e k;Pk;&ou k;Yikv ke@ni - spk;.xt

hgku hk'krkg uk/kl VdGc - hgku hgGkcywe - rsAFLov kk'v

lonf uwk.gE *hk_L kok/of* ekd sphjdftf ;k'rfv sk.<kd k

srlv -

45

hghpk;R sk.idukpv ]k.Qjr d, kyrkoakx k;R kg kraok';

skrskg jqk/of skr k.fkv srje skd;kc - srlv rVko slv kyk;R

wxky kykpaizi suk;Ou uQjkpof hk/acal k; kykeni k.ikv hd -

Maqg ]k;Pkukiuke k.i srlv sysyjB hguXy spka;R Zhowik; k;Pk;@

srskg n@nj uXy sr susuiYd - hMskt kyikv hgsk?skn sukoZsnqn jkn

VskH kukadsed, k.fkv rkrokex rkr -

uQjd rRefuf spk;.xke slko hBklkoMake k;Physo

skrs; kraok'; - sgkv dpwl oMake kyAFb - hk[%qn suw;R=e k;Phri

> sgkv k/okl ;k'rfv ke@ni hysykk - jtu hpkk"Qjqi

sgkv physynf kyhk_L suZkxluf hrDk' rkteUt hpk;.k[Gskv -

hgku synf k{y sMdkyso he jrauw;R=e k;Phri - hgoMkae

srxakl hr sg kyGkt - kpk;.ofVi sg sukjkdzi jg kraok';

rk{fjqlv sld sk.gkj psuk;Vd, hgEqr ]hd skrjd uR;zi sgkv -

V"iL hr pkrofk[kn uwyskc jkpofkpkuXy k;&lqn suk;R

srsn jkdu rknCk' - hgku rds, hr hgspknacQmkAH - k;Pk;

pskr o skrlv kysynf nCk' kyhri k;Yikv surf hk'kGqe

srVko d;'okv kyrf sk.Gki - * ]srk.gE hr ---- jok;Ysx k;E

ohykp oku atke @ukv sk? axjski ankd, rhVo syugE - k'ao *

sgkv hpkoRge rk; kuokAH hg stgfki kyykp - konf kykk'ao

sgkv rwtel d, hyrkuetkel k.hekzx hg stgfki - sysygfkj

sjtkl psuk;Vd, jrkk[knCk' k;Phri k;Ysyse ;"q;kv sGxl

srofjB hr sp;kjd - sgkv hdDi hr hpknCk' - s<qik;Pk;R

f kyrf kuiYd k;Gxl k;Pkk[qljhjk' rkrVko k;DQi - s<qik;

55

jkk.xky sokk/skk' k[ql kyrf prk;.Mxym s<qik; spkGkdrwAH

sgkv kuiYd Zk.wi kyrf hpk; - kprf kph;k"ofk;"q;kv k;Yikv

skrjd sBske k;@V"=n drfSu kyrf ;Zk.uf kphVd, - k.fkv

skrjd hgnac stkojn sGxl spkk[ql pjcskjc - kAFd hg hghjr

sx rskg dVfWeskj srxky sokk.gE slv hy -

skrlv jkk/kv kBske kpkcaqVqd kg k"Qjqi Zkrd kpkjk? -

skrlv jk;r skr ky;k<kd Vko uwrkVdal hgk;YBqd hxalzi -

hpkcaqVqd k;R jr kysx uwBm uwrZk;/v pskr sukoZsnqn k.i

srskg rgkrko - rhgku rhjd hglwijkpof susAFLkv dZbkosrku -

jr sp;kjd rne xe pjwn - sk.sk?oht sk[jklkGkd"qn jt rk;R

srskg k.Zkeuf krAFLoLv jkQi rkuoht k.hekzx jr sykv Vdal -

rkrofMk? sMkjskc uZk'n psGxso sg syrkk_pfhk_L - ]hrskxhrku

rkrlv s;Riv hpkGkdql hg kryrLo - s;Riv phg rkGkd"qn

rkrjB hphk.pMv -

ek"of fokAH hysykk> sGqehri k;Pk;o &% kk.capqd du

Z;kgjfiv uskn k;Pkuohthouke k; kulko k.fkv uUv

rsgkv kdwAH - hgkykue k.fkv srxky hgkykjhjk' dwAH -

srkt syuke Z;kgjfiv kg sk.skg hrI=r hghpaskgskn - rrl k.i

hpkVski kykuoht k.hekzx k;&kk.joko rhyokl k;PkGkd"qn

srlc uQmskg ;Dk'v sk.ofxkAH dwAH - hgsk?skn k"Qjqi k.fkv hk_L

rkrskg ;kglv - dwAH hpsulko tkel k.i ]suk;YxkAH u

hgkysulko k;k_Lf k; k;&kk.joko hykk[kokcn Mapzi k;Pkue

65

rkrdkV uwMkx - srkgj rskg kk.capqd hpka;R suhV"=n hg k; -

k;Yikv suke;al ;k'rfv sk_pf dsuv hpsulko huka; sMkjskc

jkrpf uwrkAFd rsgkv hy - ]kyhjkelkim k;Pka;k_lf knpk;&c

Hhk.jkd pcaqVqd kyhrI=rv k;Psulko ky;kgi sysylv rwA

srGef - kkH hjt kpka;k_Lf k; hghjr hykk> jkelkim dufo

hgku rVql hgsBqd jAF drf=dLkal - hpk;.jokl yskr hgrk;

srxky hokjd kuka;k_Lf rjld - kukadsed, sg ekd k.fkv uUv

hnxv hgku rdk' Qjkdku k.ikv k_ke sg rsgkv sAHm uwVsk[ -

srlv prtim rk;.Qjkr <skv hpkk[qljhjk' - alt k.i

rskg hed hgk.Zk"dkv sg slrlr srkt rskg dk/fv ;o slt

srkt - kysulko k_ke jok;YMi <kx hpkjknhMskt k;Pk;oek"of

srMi xkkH sk.ykk? jokv - ;ol hghrdf hpk;.jke kykue

srBm uQjd Mac jhjk' hghjr hylv - k;PkV"d hGso kk'v

srkt syofraqx kykjhjk' k;R rkekd - srkt syofen - *xasAH*

sprf ]srskg dk/fv pk;@V"=njhjkk' kk.capqd hphroLjl k;YrsAFd

rkrjB ZAF;O uR;zi sGxl -

suk;.Qjkr k.fkv ko kysykk> ;o dk/fv uwgZk;/v

pka; hroLjl hysyjgc hgku rGqt jwl k - konf kykk'ao

srlv sysysd uXy hk'hroLjl su ko hBklk; koklv - k;Pkak?skn

k;PhroLjl k;Lel hg sGqek;R ]srlv jrav iwk[ rk;o

srjd k.Zkeuf k[%qn sou rk;"q;kv - ]kjkk.ykp rkpsV hGkdsd,

sgkv kyen krkv ko kjkk.okn uhet hykk[k;ki - ykp hpk;R

v hykk> nae sgk - rsgkv k;Ykk> k;&<kai hgk;oqAH - hgkjgsp

75

sgkv rlnf kk[jklk;@Mdqr k;PkVjr - sgkv k.Qjr hroLjl Vy -

kyqr uwugE k;ykk> Qjdsy d,* ]srk.gE kyrf k.hk_Se hprf

alkv ap;kugE Zbkc - kyqr hcuwtv jr arlu aykk> Qjdsy

arlv ayxky aoKkk/ johnu ky;kGsk[ wGqewGqg - k; *

kx@nm srdk' Qms; kuiYd hpk;.Qjkr k;Prf uQjokj -

Pk;&ou .orsp kysulko k;Ysyykp rk>of k; hr hBklk;

srykk? ;kl rkgp k;Pk;R - srykk? Qmkk[ knkad ]k.wly kyk;R

hpk; sgkv sog ;kd kyk;Yikv sk.ik{;Rziv rrl k.fkv

srsn uQjd ohk.kt - srsn uwMskl sp;kl Bhe %roL - uQjd sk.st

Yikv .osB rwckd kuakulko k; srjd uR;zi hr hgkpk; -

rrl kyk;R suk;Ylv kuiYd Zk.wi hpk; hgkyk;&ou

srlv rVko sk[jklk;/kjiv - suhV"=n k;PsuokAH jkxa=k' hroLjl

srjB hoZsnqn - k; kyhroLjl sGqekgkoof k;Pk;o ek"of

srxky sokt sjskekl kykk[%qn - rkGosn skr jraukk.ost hk_kj

k> srskg drfxv pjkQi hr k_ke kgOsr skrkt ky;kisk - kjou

hchuskn ];kd skyiskk> AFrf ukv ;kd skyiskk> argf* ]skrk.gE

kyqr padjkl - ]srlu phgkad hrkg k;Prf ;kok'fk;.Mj jok; *

srxky sokgj prI=rv kyrf - kyk;_jfkp k;Yikv hr hghjr

srit - hgku rsn wVql e;al - konf kykk'ao ukk/kel sg kyxky

srlv spsB"rfzi hgk;@V"=ndtfkekl ps<osr rxrDf;O sdrtf - hg

srGkAHakl hroLjl rsAFLov hgk; kB"rfzi - hguwgkj hk[qn %roL -

hgku rVko kokjd jkpAHfk;O hk/d kyrf rk;R -

85

k.Gn phk_kj hr hBklk;.ofjtf kykGcjhjk' k;Yikv

srsk? ky;kGn - kxj k;Pkekd kysulko srdkV uworaqx rk;@M -

srjd hed krzohr hpk;R - h;kikV@Vg k;Pk;Rrklk'ao

k.Qjr k;Pkk"Qjqi n/=o k;Ysysd uXy s<qi k;Pke;/e k;Pk;"q;kv

=ndjfhjkk' k.fkv dlfuke hpskd;kc " srskg jkelkim ht k;@V

sgkv sysd huka; sMkjskc sk.ie{wl jkQi k.k_pf spk;R - kj - aj-

* huka; smkjskc ]ahd sgkv syVgE slv rZkAHnal k;PsAFd *xaskH

rD;O hrR=ookAH yhrkk.tif dlfuke phk'v kAFd hg *xaskH*

;skg kAFd hjkk.jd - k;Pk;@mkQim k.fkv kjou kysykk> ;o

kd;kc hpk;R yhrk;o Zk"k?al kpknOan deRkulko yhrk;Pka; s

spkyqe k.ktv ]ukgy k;YsyMikl rZkk"k?al k; k.fkv sMckAH

prp'fuf k.kejfi syssyAHky kysAFd k; sGqek; ]unsouf

sgkv sjkk.sn ;Ywe rxfks;kzi k_aroL kyko'ofkAFd -* 31 oSk_r(

)321 B"=i -

&% kk.capqd hysykk> sGqekk.ihdkd,

skrskg krRisc kjou sk.idukpv uwrkjklal k;YjAH - kk'v

srskg k_pfof hBske kAFLov hpskd;kc hGso - x rkxkAH k.hekz

jr sykv Vdal sylv rk;R ]k.ok.o hBklkjkxtskj phk/kv

srkt uwMk?cf hrAFLf%ue - hgku rkgj hgnsem hpk;.xt -

sgkv k[%qn psg sdesu sp;kcktqx s;/esAFd *Gsk[* - hg hr

sgkv ;Rivkuof k.fkv k.Qjr suk;o - hjr kk.qd sk.idukpv

uwMskl jk? kjou uwxky hnku k;Pkoqc skrkt - pkpkk.qd kyrf

hgku jkk/kv - sgkv ps<o, hjknatskj stk.gE uk/kl spk;.xt -

95

sgkv hGxso pjkQi k;Lel hp;kcktqx - hk'onfsd,

k;Pkdnsouf hr ky;kxakl sg hgku jkk.s; krs; kykekd k;Yikv

srs; sMd ;ke - srlu rVko sjc kyrf - u lkir kpk;&ou

sgkv pAFloLv hr suk;Yxky - e sGqek;R sgkv hjktkv pu

hgku p;Dk' sk.gkj dyYk'f eskt kdrbk;.jd ekd rkjhjk' -

hjk? hjkiqn kyrf sukokcekj k;&kk.kgki xkpai k;Yrkokx

srMpf iwk[ ;ke suk;Yrxfkal slv s; wr kukrlu hk.qd - ktqx

rkue k;Pk;R jkpof rDq;kulko h;k"ofk;Prf suk;Ylv hVd,

rkrs; - cktqx hghjr sgkv prakk' ;k - srlskl hr - kykokcekj

hgku rosB soku -

hgku k.d kpkuUv rkVski - k_kj k_kj ktqx rsAFLov kk'v

srlc rxkt - srkgj prI=rv hr suk;YxkAH u dwAH hpkjhjk' -

]srk.gE kyrf ;ke stqx ;ke aokugE ;kd hjr kyqr* - ;o stqr

aylkv sg - < kpklukehMx aykk> lhjo ark;R kjko kd ZbkgU kd

ZbkgU - rkv hjr wr oklskl jcad sg k ? rxskue ktqx jok; *

srjd rD;O - srsn uQjd Vko kykk.iAFloLv k;Prf sr - hr

kdDkuskl srjke ue iske k;E hc hjr* ]srk.gE - jrkj kod

srlc rhjd ekd rkjk? hukokrqAH jrkj - apkMskn ]arVko

yZbkt rwckd ue hjr aukAFlv - kue yaMi jlb kjt ky -

xav ajkl kyhjko kaFkad, ji ]hc rgO alr hrdo kpkad,

arxky k;kGt - hpkxav hrxky k;kgO xkv xkv - GkdGs; xae

uwro huki jokxav kncknc kyke;kV kAFLr kywtkc sroBf

srs; - kl pheqr krkv kxa - aokjke kykue alkv k;E jcad ? jcad

06

;E skl audqn twxkv kotf alkv k aokl ? sk.xt ;kok'fk;&ou *

sgkv sk[jklk;.xt rhygfkd k;RGdm stk.gE - k.fkv ;ke

rsgkv hnkooSn hghk?skn ktqx - rji kjou kk>qr k|m ku tkv

srVko ky;ke slv yZbs; - kyxskAH pk.ikv kVoxskAH kyikv jr

sgkv rwtel hdDi hpktqx hg stgfki - kuahdsed, hghk?skn

rkrit - hpka;k_Lf srdk' wtel phk_L sg rkrlv ;kd sk[%qn -

hk/al hlhlMskAF hjr k;Yckn hghrdf kulko k;Yrkue

rkrs; uwGkQim k;R pkrGef - pkukrsk[ Gsk[ jcskjckdnsouf

wlnf kjou kysysx uwGi kprf kyrf hxkt k;Pkdnsouf

skrxky - ;gO wr* ----- Gotkrskl ]jZbkAH k;Pkjk? awg yp

Ou reagf r hrg joargf kye layukv kyk;Ld j ? kd klv

lkydkV Gsk[ pjoZk;/v ? psg sukjkxnm k;Prf k; * uwok[kn

srjoko pjcskjc k;Pk;&ou hr sukue hguwtv hd sgkv synf

sgkv - Lagf wGg wGg hr srkt ruc k_ - dLof lsd V sr- sMid

rkrVqQi hxMkx ]hMakkH ]rkrskg rL;OkrLv - rkjk?Gr k;Pkue

kyrf k.fkv srjd k.jkk/ iQj znaSkj kulko hysyMaskd sroen -

skrkt yskr kprf krkgikrkgi - uwrkxt k;Ryskc k;Rykp k;

srjoko hk[jklk;Ysx rkxt hjrk;YBqd pk;&lqn hr - sg kyrf

hgku rolskl - hVosk' uwk.gE srskg rakk' hr uwVikv jokMaskr -

srync hr pkrGef Vko kyk[%qn k;Ysycn k;Prf - k;/kl

k.jkk/ iQj jhAHax sukk[%qn k;Prf kAFd k;Ysykk> Qjql uwrkGsk[

srjd - uwiVf k[%qn spkk.ihdkd, sg sphk_L yhrkxkAH k.hekzx

sgkv sysd n/lf ;Yk'Skd syikv huka; smkjskc - kpk;.xt k;Prf ]

16

i o kpk;.skg k_Lagf kkHakl yskr kpk;.skg yZeWku kgUq sgkv kyG -

kyrf krAFLoLv ht sGqek;R skrskg GN dlfuke skt kprf

sgkv hysd n/cnCk' hghr srskg rIkzi -

&% k'akjkl

kj - aj- dsuv s;/ekcaqVqd k;k_Lf yhk/ekAFd k;Pka; sMkjskc

rkrlnf kukroktc kdefwAH k;Pjkdzi - Zbkv ]hxyqe ]uwl ]

sjSxo ]wlkl ];tokaH ]nak.u - sGqekk.isyikv k;Pak;Rku hk/d

skrkgj rs; okcn rrl jok;Pka;R - rhgku ryskc hk/d k;R -

rhgku rhjd Mac - suk;@Vkdqe sr sr yZbs; krlskl st st

rkrlskl - rhgku rhjd kr;Pko hgsBqd hpk;R - %rk"sk'of

aelf yhrkgzxal k; *hrskxhrku* ]kxax ]Zbkut ]hk.eDfQj ]kr

iIx rrl k;k_Lf k; ]kyraqdk' ]kk.qxl ]kraosk']kk_efql ]hk_ofkl

rkrkgj - hr hghjr skrjkdku uwk.gE hGkd skd;kc kjou hk/d

hgku rhjd k/skjof - skrs; glhyqe Zbokt dukpv - k;PZbkut

skrjB kpkoRge ukiuke kpk;okt hgkk{sik;.k[qn - k;Pkxax

kgskM k.jokrko uwk.gE sog Gk;@Mk? kyk;&ou k;Prf rkk.ostG

skrskg xar - srjke uwk.gE hyofjg hGskp johnu kysuql wlkl -

kk_efql kk{sim hjkk.skg hpk;R hjlkl uwk.gE chjx ikc

srlskl - hgku ywe kykraosk' jr - skdu uwk.gE rDl k.hgc hjr

srlv - kyhk.gfc sukk.ihdjsc o QmkAH hk/d skrofxko - jr

srokjqn kykjsgke hxyqe chjx hk[jklwdk' sGqekGkd"qn - kk'v

srkgj rskg kk.capqd rrl hpkdVk? k; hk_L sukxav dsuv -

26

sgkv hxavqgc k.isycapqd spka;k_Lf yhrkgzxal *hk.Ge* -

srjd drfxv kyhyqe k;[jklkGrqi phrAFLfjfi hk/d -

, k.i skrlv kog kjou kykk/axql k.fkv csgklwikc uwMdhd

srMikl hr rkpsi hjsgqn kk'v jsgke uwMdhjlqn - spkxkAHznap

srskg spklonf kjk/ai rDQi sk.nkau pk.wd, - rkk.MakkH k;Pka;@gk;O

srkt uwtseskd uohtokaH sprf - skrje dukpv kjou kpke@ni

kpsGsok;Rje k;pk;R Gosd k[%qn sk.sk?oht spkk.isVd, k.fkv

' kv hBklk;.Bki nCk srkgj rxskaH jAH;"q; - kkH hjktkv k;Pko

k.fkv srkt uwoMqc jkxtskj kraosk' hysysx kykjkpkel

srs; rMj rykp h;ki phVskihk'kim - k; ;Ok/So k.fkv syqe

ghpkak?skn srjd knskk'; dwk.it h - kH hxalzi Qms; kyhrne hgQmk

hgku rdk' - srskg drfxv hr rk;R -

kv k'fSo d, hk[k. k;Pkuoht ekd k;Pka;k_Lf stk.gE ;@V

k;PsrI=rv rkrgfyf smkjskc hgkAFd uhr - kkH* *kBjcam* ]*xas

*Gsk[* k.fkv - k[qljhjk' uwMdk;&ou k;Ysydqk> sMdkoRn/=o

d uwk.gE hgku rGef " hBklk;.jd hed Gcjhjk' ]hjkk.skg hV

p;kglv hghroLjl hjkk.lc ky;kGn jok;Rkt hk_kjiv

sgkv - sMdhrySkn Zbkckk."=d hjkk.lv hk[%qn uwk.gE hgku ywe

srskg rZk"fdkv - srkgj rsAFLokuIoL k;R - k.kt hpkorLko k.i

srskg hk[%qn hghr pkrs; - srskg jSAHjSl - k;Pakuk/actkel

kpkt srskg jwn uwlkikjkpAHf;O hr sGqe - k;Yk/e *Gsk[* jr

skrskg knaxkji rk;.Qjkr us, kjou kp;kcktqx - hk'kyqe

36

kulko k;Prf pkukrGsk[ rkrskg k;Xkt - srskg k_Lagf hr -

srskg drfxt -

sukxavdsuv sjkdzi kk'v yhrktkel k.hekzx

Lf ysysd rk_fpf huka; sMkjskc k.isycapqdspka;k sgkv s -

46

ZAHnal

10 kj - aj- sMkjskc ka.qk/$ hrskxhrku$ e%@Mkodsky$ g=x;54 B"=i 52&Zbcaqe

20 64 B"=i oSk_r 30 84 B"=i oSk_r 40 kj - aj- 75 B"=i hrskxhrku$jsgke$sMkjskc 50 ]uk'kdzi ;sev & kGouko$kuokrLzi$jgju jdnaQjqd

jwixku 60 kj - aj- 52&Zbcaqe g=x;e%@Mkodsky$hrskxhrku$rku$sMkjskc

06 B"=i 70 16 B"=i oSk_r 80 56 B"=i oSk_r 90 57&0591 $ iQjoL o kk.jszi ;Rgfkl hBkje$kAFd

zd B"=i Zbcaqe uk'kdzi jyq;IkWi - 151&051 01 kj - aj- hk.Ge$kBjcam$sMkjskc

lQmkg xalfhyCi krgse

141 B"=i 03&sk.wi 11 qr Zhk.dyqd - ak' - kj$ - aj- ukB"rfzi kAFd hpka; sMkjskc

qzczsQi nkckxajSkv - zd B"=i 8691 - 51 21 kj rk[kyqe$syYikrRskd AFkuxku - aj- k.hekzx$hpka; sMkjskc

lQmkg xalfhyCi krgse & k/skk' k.fkv iQjoL ;Rgfklzd B"=i sk.qi - )421

31 321 B"=i oSk_r

56

k.jdzi sAFSkp

kj* - aj- *k.k_pf&hk_L yhrkuk[sy hjcankd k;Pka; sMkjskc

&% dofkrLkzi

kj - aj- k;Pkjkdzi uh;e%@Mko k;Ouou rrl sg sMkjskc

rhjd uR;zi kpk;.kgi uwoketv ky%roL s;/ekuk[sy

srlnf spk;Ylv - kAFd k.hekzx uwk.gE jkdkAFd k.hekzx

sku hpka;R s;/eklkgrfb k;Pk;e%@Mko k.i psgkv hysykk> na

hjcankd hg *kGskpki* s;/ekk_sk{ k;Phjcankd s;/ekGkd pk;

sgkv kysysd xsk;zi kou uwgyf - kj - aj- pjcskjck;Pka; sMkjskc

naukv ]jdGwxMke k'sVda;O ]yhVki jdak' sjkk.jd uk[sykAFd

hBkje uQjd uk[sy hjcankd hghuka; sdGsk' on/m ]onk;

cankd k.hekzx srGef lk;okgi hysysd n/=el hj - huka; sMkjskc

uk[syhjcankd jrauk;Ysd uk[sy kAFd Zsk"o kjkc Got Got

sgkv d;'okv sk.jd jkpof hgkpk; sgkv sysysd - k;Pka;R

*hro;XkAHSkl jknekv* ]*hk.kikjkp* ]*Vokl* ]*kGskpki*

k;@Gxsoxso k;Pkalk.ke yhrkxkAH k.hekzx hpka;&cankd k;

rsgkv k;Ysysd rk_fpf k;Lel k;PkiQjoL - k.hekzx sukoRk"sk'of

rhrke %roL ]hjkk.ysi jkAH kpsAFLo;O caqVqd ]hjkk.kgj rkxkAH

Bqd hghjr ]hjkk.jd V"dMkckd uwckj Y gk; u kk{siv hpkk[ql h

kk'v hjkk.osB hk_L dk'fskl sp rk_fpf uwrk;&cankd k; uZk'n

sgkv sysykk> - l k.hekzx keEuf kps;[aldsky yhk/esupjtke

rLzxk;Lel huakk.jkd k;@Gxsoxso k;k_Lf k; k;&kk.lv xkkH

66

rsgkv k;Ysykk> - s;/ekk.jdzi k; upsoof jrLofl spka;R

sgkv spk;okjd -

k;Ou kd, hg ]*kGskpki* hpka; sMkjskc hykl 1791

hykk> n/lfzi hjcankd hjkk.sk? k/skk' kpkorLkoekzx -

kge srskg sysyVsky dk'n d, uQmskg Mkae kMkae suk;Ou hpk!V"kj -

jkpof kpk;.jd Vykik;kd kpkxkAH k.hekzx k;Pk!V"kjkge

hgkad susk'nf k;R k.fkv krskg kyxky Qmkt kyofk[kn uwyskc

hrskg hyxky Qmkt hyypm hgsyoki - kGkk' hokaxskokx

k.fkv k;Rskg k;Ykk?uf f k.sky spkk.k{k' [ Qjli raZ;ik;@Mkik;@Msk

srskg syxky - =ndZAFfkv dal sou hgkad k;@V hgiY srskg sysyMskl -

skx k; k.i jwnZol ekk.jfi jkQi kphV" yhrk;@MkoBkje

s;/ekGkd kk'v krgOu kysykk> kljkQi hguwtv s;/eak;@Msk[

kj - aj- k;Yrk;@Msk[ kd, k;Pkoku ekjkxax huka; sMkjskc

oht k;Pk;Iak'f jr sjk[ hyhgyf hjcankd hg *kGskpki* ]joku

yhroskAH k;Phri k;Pekjkxax k; hrcjki k;Yrk; hjcankd hg

hgkyld kpk;.et kuka;T srlnf kykk.ikv kukrjQif rrl

ezi *k;@Gskpki* kk'v hgkad jkk/kv hedqg k k;&kk.kt uwMm sk.

k;Paklk.ke sgkv hk.kgd eRkdskk' hg hpkxt -

hnkoorLko d, hg yhrkk_sk{ k;Phjcankd k.hekzx hBkje

sgkv kysysx kysd jkpof rrl kprf uwk.gE hjcankd - spk;

jkiZkowi ht kupj hpk;@Msk[ hd sgkv slv k.jkd spkoRge

kysykk> ync pjkQi hguwtv s;/ek;Pka;R hrskg hysykv rykp

krgOu - kgo;O sjkl yhrkokax suhrn/i hjknsrqyc rkt sysd j

76

rlv - jiko pkpk;Yk'Skd htoS,kk'Si hBklk;eufof s;/ek;

jk;r k.takj ]hdMe&hxMkx sukjkAHaqd stk.gE slv rkt kysd

rsok| uQjd - sukjkrql ]rk;Okjd hrektg k;Pka;@Gxl suk;OkgU

]rsok| uwok'f sMid suk;Iak'f ]hok| uQjd sjktSkv hphrsk'

ysylv wnacf znasd hjdrsk' pk;&c kupj hpk;@Msk[ hg h

hrskg rk/fkcv raZ;ikGkd - st yhrhjcankd *kGskpki*

k/acl hg sgkv spkiQjoL pk; sr srGef lk;okgi orLkoekzx

hysyokjAH suhr=d k.fkv sukjkpof djfkiajki kaFLo;O tkel

hrskg phk'v - djkdhrkazd hjr hgakd hd,kd, s;/ek;Pk;R

bskg ync jkgo;O uoht sokjB jSx hgsk.jd kk{siv hk'v yZ

sgkv hrAFLf phk'v -

hr hyxky Qmskg hy<f wGg wGg hgkupj hpk;Pk;@Msk[

s;/ekk.Zk"dkv kgOst <skv ra;Rv hpkjgk' sukk.jkd pk;@Gxso

hyxky Qmkt hMsk[ Got k;Pkjgk' kgOsr hykk> rZhrojfi

sykv rkisk{hV"=n wGg wGg k_pf hgslv - ]Vkxexk> sukoRk"sk'of

<skv hpk; kk.isdVsuVhu yhk/ek;.xt ]<skv hpuk'WQi k;Ou

srGef ky;kgi hysyxky hgkuaklk.ke yhrk;@Msk[ - uQmsn ;Ukk/

wMi jsgkc uwrkznasd Zhro;/e wGg wGg hjdrsk' kjkk.ofxkaH Vski

kyncske rDQi pklSi htoS,k;Yncske k;Pk;Ukk/ k.fkv kyxky

uwk.gE ko i uZrojfi sg kyxky Qmkt kyj - k;.jd ugl

srskg spMdyfi -

86

%hrcjki yhk/e *kGskpki*

kj - aj- hrcjki yhrhjcankd k; *kGskpki* k;Pka; sMkjskc

sgkv oRerDf;O slv uUialoAHquv ;k'rfv d, sg - ;hrjkAH

spk;R hrskg kk.capqd s;/ekdk'n k;Ysx ht hphk_L yhrk;@Msk[

wk.gE drfzi srs; krkgi sMdhrcjki u - prkoQjql hphjcankd k;

]*argO ayykp ajc* srskg psukjx@nm k;Phrcjki k; - ekjkxax

kyk;R kjkk.jd *ekdulef* rk;@Msk[ kjou kprf kg

hgku sljkQi hguUiRm - kxyqe d, kpkoku kukAH kyhrcjki

sgkv hxyqe ukgy hpkokau hukr k.fkv - Maskr hpZkpk[ rkjk?

ekd slv Mk?ov sBske suhV"=n hgk;Pakk?skn k; sg sk.jd hk.oGef

sgkv - hrcjki psuk;Ylv rIkziezd sk.yd< lonf qraji

k;Phjwteyske yhrkukj uwiskVkv tkdekd spjk? jAHlonf

srlv rkt hBklkekd -

uskn k.isycaapqd spkue k;Phrcjki yhk/e *kGskpki*

sgkv sGqekk.jkd - k? jr d, phyBqd ;@njfkn so'of kjBv rkj

hgku rkt hyofxkAH Vhu phk/d tjx - rhrckc ds;Rzi

V"skx hpkoRge rka;Gxl hjlqn k.fkv srlv rok.kt k.pk.p

sgkv okAHoL hyYdd, ra;Rv kpekjkxax kjou kprf stk.gE -

srxky hokjd MsktMr rrl kyk.ikv rhcjfx - k;Yikv hxalzi

Mjqe hgkykukeAHfkoL nali kykekjkxax sg k.i srxky hokykk?

hgku - koklv kysyuo klr pMaif kpk;R rpfknd - k;Yrkokax

spka;R srxkal ky;kykk? Man kykjrskk/ k;Pka;R sukVski k;PkMjx

srlv psphjqzxe hgsk.xakl - rskgkv hiak'f raohrkt k.ikv -

96

sgkv ;Yk'Skd Gotk;Yikv - xt johregf hgkPkk.qd k.ikv r

k;PkMjx jrskk/ slr sokdsQi jokxav k;Pk;&kdAHf slv hgku

ukjski skrok[qn ekjkxax jok;YdsQi s - AFcf puwAFb k.fkv skrj

skrskg Qjql Zk"k?al kjk[ hjcankd -

sgkv klv Mjx n/Qjof ekjkxax Zk"k?al kg krgki jo jo

rsgkv wtkc dsuv kyk;R hjr sylv rVko slv - sAFb

pekjkxax rkrkt sy<skv rk; hghrcjki ]kyk; kxyqe k

ekokax ukgy hd sgkv sp;kopql psg sAFb kykdk[sy s;/

id, hghk/d Zk"k?al hgkrk.skd spkadsed, s;/ek;Pk;R skrlu hjn

k;R ku k; pk.tsjkl k.jkd rkrlv sysyMskt sk/kacsxky ]k/acal

rkrlv uwcayov jokadsed, sukk.jkd - rk; puwk.gE

ki srkt hy<skv hghrcj -

k;Yikv Gk> hpkokAHoL k;Pk;&ou k;Yikv k;@Gxl

aqVqd hprf sAFb k.i hgsrtel kyhrcjki sg sgkv srlc kykc

caqVqd k.hekzx k.jkd hgku rdk' wyskc hr hd sgkv hk'v Vleqk?

kkH pkpsupj weuf rDQi huakd;kc hd sgkv klv x sukk.iV

kyk;R sokgj rhk'skl hgku spk;okjd jrRq;Rzi - k;Pk;&ou

gs kukryskc jcskjc hk.jknhMskt k;Yikv hr yn@nck;.xko Vd

kyeke krgO Gjl hrdf A aps;@g xc ;kg palkv* ]srk.gE

ji ]rxke uwok'f krogU rkjdqQi ;kd Mjx ]hd skrMu okAHskl

oL hekd sg Zby *okAH1 ( & kGskpki tSke =i Zbcaqe g=x uk'kdzi -

zd- sgkv krdpql iwk[ s;/ek;.Gskc k;Prf k; )32 - pkd, k;

s;/ekjkxnm spkokAHoL k;Phrojki uwk.gE hk_L k.hekzx d,

07

k.i psrskg rD;O jr krdrfxv hprf srMk? uZk'n hgkad uwrk;

srkt uwopql hr hg sg rhgku sgUpf kk'v ysMk? syxkap

kgk' erRm surf hpkxalzi k;Ysykv jok;Yikv uf hysysd kk'

sgkv - uQjok; srkt uQjd rsk"kAH k;Prf hr hgk.k"sy'of spk;R

srs; kuiYd hpkk.iltael k;Prf -

kj - aj- uwrsdefwAH uskn kphrojki s;/ekGskpki huka; sMkjskc

sgkv kysysd jkpof - sgkv hphuRi hg kdefwAH hygfi hprf

v hysyk/kac Bkx hprf suhr;uf jcskjck;Pk;T k.i hr sgk

hghrdf surf sGqek;R jcskjcklk.ke Vdsg k;[jklekjkxax

phgkad kprf hghjr kysd uR;zi kpk;.sk? kk.ijknrwtel

hgku rykp tkyb - hp *Zbkc* s;/esupjcawVqd k.hekzx k.jkd

uwgk;R jr yslv *skd;kc* jt hr rk;R pVZbko kAFLov

ykGef kyk;R Mskt hpk;znjfkn jt k.fkv VZbko jr yslv hys

hgku rkgj pjkokjki kykk[%qn k;Prf - hd slv oZsnqn sprf

hgku rdk' Qjd hed hr k[%qn hgd, syrk; - hprf sAFb

sgkv hysyofk[kn huakjkdhjcankd kr;:kglv - ekjkxax klr

sgkv lwk.ke Gjl k.fkv kk/kl - 'f klkVskN kyikv kpkekdhiak

bsukeb skr uQjd knak/ H Vski sjkcr slv pxalzi k.i sgkv skrjA

kyekjkxax hdrtf Gk> k{;Rzi hpk;R hd rkroAHnm k_pfof

hpk;&ou kk'v srlc kyhrcjki Gk> dk/fv uwgk;R srlc

sprf k.i srofk[kn kk.iltael iwk[ hrcjki uwk.gE skd;kc

hgku rykp hghgkad - Vqd q kyrf uwk.gE Zbkc Zhrd hyrkca

uf k;PhVrhVv hgk;Rk.skd hgku rkt syjkpof hxalzi ;Zk. -

17

unfauSn kPhrcjki ekk.jfi kpkk.MakkH k;Ysykk> hk'kMjx

jcskjck;Prf k;PhroAHhrov kyrf skrMk? hgrkuoht

ekzx huka; sMkjskc rkrsk? uwtel kd;kc k;&kk.jd hjwteyske

hpkak_Lf k; kukrlv rhjd k_pfof uoht spkgqel yhrkorLko

hrdf krdlfuke sysynf uwok[kn hg sg sgkv hphrzi pPm

sgkv - ;Zk.uf hgkrk.skd hr wraji srtel sjkl sg hgkyhrcjki

hgku rdk' Qmsk? -

kxyqe kpkoku kukAH sgkv hpZbkv kdefwAH hjlqn hprf

s;Riv uskn kyrf kk'v hxyqe ukgy hpkoku hukr k.fkv

rsgkv - kv kgUr k_pfof uskn k;Pakk?skn wraji k.jkd hgkyk; rsg

sgkv phrAFLfjfi hphroAHhrov - jokk.Go pk;Pkikc hgkukAH

sgkv kxyqe kysysx - sgkv psk[jklkk?Skpjkp slr sk.xko spk;R -

kyk;R dukpv k;PkayMfo s;/ek;o k;Pka;R k;Pk;.sk? k.k{k'f

sGqek;Zk.uf k;Pk;.ofBki kyjwrky ky;kdk'f ekduk'fe

krskg k.Zkeuf kGAFMv s- sgkv jkk'qg rklk;Hv kukAH - kyk;R

phk'r sgkv k.kt hk't hpkokAHoL Vdsg k;PkayMfo

hghpk;znjfkn Mkp nac sk.dk'f jhk'rLk'f spk;R k.i sgkv

uwk.gE ekk.jfi kpk; skrjAFcf hg skr jok;Ykk> rkjk? skr

uk'ef k; pphxm kyk;Yikv skrxky wxko kk[jklk;Eqk?

t syofraqx rkekd skrjd k/skjof skr srs; rkk{y k;Pk;R sg ;srk

k{;Rzi kpsuVk? hgk; hgku rykp phgkad s<qikoku k.i hg

skrskg jok;"q;kv k;Phrojki ekk.jfi - hjkk.xky dwAH rrl

sMdhjcankd k/acl slv rVikv hVko hyrkrkg hBklsdqAH hukr

27

hprf sgkv sjkk.kgj rkk{y sk.GeGr hBklsdqAH sg sprf dwAH

sAFb sgkv kyhrcjki rak[ hghpk; hgku rdk' woxkAH k.ikv

srskg k.krk<skv hphrcjki hguwk.gE Zbkv - suhr;uf hgkad wk.t

rVko slv sgkv syofjB pspk;.jd oAHkji suwtkc Zol kprf

srkgj -

srkgj jnskjx kgUqi hr uwk.gE ;kd hd srskg hed k[%qn sg

kkH pkukAH hk'onf d, kye ]skrk.gE kykikc rkjAH k;Pkk.Ma

spkukAH dofrLko A sr sgkv jkojx Zbkv hd sgkv rhgke

srlv sysyykp rMk?cf sk.xko - skr suknku k;Pkjski k;PkMjx

jok;Pk;R ikc uwk.gE skrxky wMagf sxke sxke hjr k;Pkk.qd

sg kyqr k.fkv sgkv hyykp ;kd hrAFLfjfi hyikv skrokxkj

nak/ ;kd rsyxky ky;kpql s ? yhjo skr jok;Yjkpof slv

hgkukak?skn hrcjki k.fkv ekjkxax k.fkv skrsn kykikc jrRm

jkQi V"skx hg kyhrcjki %rk"sk'of srskg sk[jklk;Yse uwgk;Yse

srkgj uwxky - spk;R spk;.jd jkpPm kphV"skx k; k.jkd ;o

jkpPm kpk; rZkAHnal k;PZbkv k;Yikv hg skr k.fkv hgku

kWM puwk.gE ]srVko VZbko k.k{yof kyrf spk; skrjd - okjeAHf

k;Pekjkxax uwrktkel k; ]ahd sgkv syVgE slv huka; sjSkpk?ko

rskg k.Mk? k.Mt hpkokAHoL k;PhrD;O jrb koAFv k;PkMjx

sgkv hysysx - stk.gE HoL k;Pka;R ywdrfzi k.jkd spkokA

sgkv hrAFLfjfi dtfkekl - hghjr srs; hrkg ;Rl erfav psg

hpkadVk? hgkad yhrktkel krskg u hpktkel Zk.wial hjcankd

tkel k;YAFrf ]hpokaxsMsk[ k;YAFrf kAFd hg puwk.gE sruc

37

hV@Vg k;Pkokau ekjkxax yhrk;@Msk[ kd, hr krskg u hpkuoht

kk'v hgzxkjqn srskg kAFd hpk;Iak'f - kAFd hr kk{si hgk;R qraji

wgkj hpekjkxax kAFd hg puwk.gE hphrcjki hr srskg dk/fv

hBske jkQi huka; sMkjskc rk;.sn wgkj phphrcjki kk{sik;.sn

sgkv hysd Vdzi uhekt deRkyd - 2 kj $ uk[sy hjcankd( - aj-

nkoLkv k.fkv iQjoL ;Rgfkl spka; smkjskc uk'kdzi rgfof

=i $ 9991 hjkosukt 62 hrR=okv eAFzi $ nkckxajSkv - zd-

) 861 -

&% hk.kikjkp

kj - aj- k;Ouou rrl s;/ekuk[sy hjcankd k;Pka; sMkjskc

skrlnf kysyrsk? k/so kpkau'zi d;k"ofhrsk' - k;Pk!V"kjkge

sgkv sysylkzx sukGkd"qn rrl kyhrsk' - .fkv hjdrsk' sGqek;R k

ySc stk.gE hjkdgl yhrsAFLo;O hrsk' spka;R ];hcawVqd spka;R

srGef ky;kgi kdhrkadsk' hpaZkol k; kn/ql -

s;/ekdav hGkonf huka; sMkjskc s;/e 6891 ul

josAFdZk?hn pk; s<qi hygfyf kAFdZk?hn hpkdZk"hk' k; *Gijskg*

;Pk;R o hpkuoht k;Pk;&drsk' hg hk.kikjkp huka;R hpkcaqVqd k

hygfyf hjcankd hjkk.ofk[kn Viyskgsll -

d;'okv kld ySc suhV"=n k;Pk;&drsk' hgs;/ekxq;k_a;

srs; rhjcankd k; k.k_pf spk; sgkv kykk> - kp *hk.kikjkp*

hgkad yhrkuoht k.hekzx hjr kylv jhk'iskVkv klr ;k"of

sgkv kyjB kjkk.sk? k/so kpkau'zi rayoT - zi k; uydkv spkau'

47

sgkv kjkk.ofpql kutsk;&;kim jok;R uQjd - kWM sg - okjehAH

sgkv sjkk.sk? uwk/so k{y re spka; sjSkpk?ko - 3

kj( - aj- sMkjskc

==i % uk[sy hjcankd spka; - zd- kj $ 271 - aj- ;Rgfkl spka; sMkjskc

]nkckxajSkv ]thlUt, jk{v & dk'kdzi nkoLkv k.fkv iQjoL

eAFzi )9991 hjkosukt 62 & hrR=okv -

&% Zbkv yhr hk.kikjkp

hBklk;.dk'f skr sgkv d;ku kphjcankd k; kg osnk[ql

johVql skr sgkv kysysx ky;kgj rkg=xhrlo s;/ekjgk'

skrs; rji sMdkokax - kyk;R uwMdklk.ke yhrkokax hGsok;R

gkv sysysd k.jkk/ iQj jhAHax sld suku'zi k;Pk;.ki o s

sukGkd"qn ;;Rzi kpk; sgkv hykMm Gcakjkr hk'd hpaklk.ke

skrs; - jok;Ykv hjk? ]srlv phVd, Zbkv hpk;R hjk?

kprf hGsok;R k.i srsn hk.ki uQjAH k;Ckar Zbkv kyosnk[ql

rZkol yhrkxt kyhMk? k; hd skrlv klv oZkAHofkv

sgkv hk.ki sr jr ;kd uko;YSke - k;Pk;.ki kd, kd,

sxkehBki k;Pk;.ki oakx kGxl skrxky kokjd Zk"k?al hBklkcasAF

k;Yikv krkv hr hk.ki sysyofGef sukV"d slv sgkv skrokk/

sgkv srsn ky;k;I kykyqe - hykk> drfxv Zbkv suhrAFLfji

skrlnf kk.isGxso klv rk;.xko k;Prf uwk.gE ]sgkv -

k[%qn k;Pka;k_Lf yhrkjk? k;Pk;&drsk' kou d, d, kp

sgkv kysyMxym huka; sMkjskc hk.kdBf k; jni - hpk;Ukk/

kykokAHv Zol k; ZbkpaV hpk;.ki ]ZbkpaV hpkk'Si ]ZbkpaV

57

hr k.fkv srxky sok| Maskr pkyZbkc k;Yrkjk? hk/kv rk;Gxl

hgku rpql phgkad kyrf hd sgkv hysykk> ;kglv hdrb -

hgkukrsn hk.ki hBklhGskk?kav hk.ki suhjldVkd k;Prf

dpko k.fkv skrskg kuakdpko ;pjfi kphrn/i k;Pk;.jiko

skrskg dDAF - Gskk?kav uwlc jostkc kyk;R Zbkv hBklhGskk?kav

sphGskk?kav uwosB hVki d, hykk[stkc k.fkv srxakl ky;kjd

stk.gE srjd uR;zi hr kpk;.ofBkl rhVki k;R hk.ki sysyMi

o k;Pkalk.ke kd yZbs; kykxsk;im hgkad hk[k.kv hk.ki syrkjik

srlv Qjql MiMk/ hpZbkv k; hBklk; -

skrs; jdaWV kpk;.ki knkk[, hghk/d s;/ekokax hBklk;.ki

sr k.fkv srkt syrskv rjgfof yhrkokax hk.ki yhk/ejdaWV k;R

sok;? uwnask' hjk? k;Yikikv hukayqe kad;kc jrau srxky -

d sg spkGcxav sr hguwgk;R k.i psgkv jr nziV"d ek

sgkv - sgkv sphyd<kyd< ]sphMakkHkMakkH - hk_kj kd, prk;

srMk? kuVZk?qn d, rkokax - kekj kukrlv rjAH hk.ki hk_kj

srMi rhjgfof skd;kc hpk'fjql - hr hBklk;.ki jAHkysi kd,

k"hAH k; k;PkGkd"qn ]sroky kykk.i oht kyikv Zbkc k.

sMkjskc psg skrlc susrzohr dk/fv kuakd;kc kdVQi kpkoMkar

v kuka; k sgkv spk;okxakl uZwto -

d, phk'v hg hp hk_L k.hraGkc yhrk;@Mkar k.key kd,

sgkv hjkk.jd kAHm kVkd jokxav kAFd - rkukjMkv pk;Rdqu

xav spkGkc k;YsyeUt pk;Rdqu kyhk_L k;Ysykk> raGkc

67

hBklk;.qk/ hgku rGef hk.ki - kn/ql hBklk;.qk/ xav kyk;R

hgku rGef hk.ki - kdDk/ kpk;R kyrf srje yqe sr rk;R

Zbkc hr yhrsAFLov uXedskk' kyk;&kk.kt k;&kk.s; k.fkv skrlc

srxky Qjd dskk' - kAHkx ;[qe kphjcankd pkg kr;gklv hg

sgkv -

jehAH kukrofnasku k.k{hjuf syikv yn@nck; sjSkpk?kkO ok

hpk;.ki pjcskjck;&kp k;Pakjokut hd sgkv syVgE huka;

kyhrkt hk_L jcskjc pk;R qraji psgkv hysy<ko jr krzohr

krzohr hpk;.ki hdrb s;u wGef hk.ki hghBklkk.jkd dZxflSu

sgkv hysy<ko - 4

) 471 % B"=i oSk_r ( -

hV"skx k;Pkukiuke k;Pk;okt stk.gE k;Pk;Rskxk;Rku

k; hjknckct hpk;.GkAHkal hgrkGkd k.hBd k;PkGkd"qn kk'v

srs; pjohk_L pstk.gE joZbkv yhrhjcankd -

hjcankd k.hekzx yhrkGkd k; s;/e 0891 sr 0691 ul

sgkv hysyjB hjkk.ofMk? uZk'n uotf yskk[l ;k'rfv hg - kj -

aj- skc k.k_pf spkcaqVqd hjdrsk' sukk.i sdesu ;k'rfv huka; sMkj

sgkv sysysd - sysysd upsoof huka; sMkjskc %roL rZkAHnal k;

sgkv - kWM* rkrk.gE sr - hJ onk; naukv - kj - aj- nfkv sMkjskc

k; k_ke ]rsgkv yhrkcaqVqd hjdrsk' k{;Rzi dk[sy k.hekzx

k[sy k.hekzx yhrk;@<if hgUskn k; 1991 sr 0891 k.fkv rkd

kykk.ikv djQi kpkoRge d, rkdk[sy k.hekzx yhrkMak[ykd

skrok.kt - k;&cankd k.hekzx yhrkMak[ykd k; 1991 sr 0891

77

sgOu slv rsgkv pyhrkcaqVqd hjdrsk' Gosd dk[sy sjkk.gfyf -

rk;Rgfkl k.hekzx k;Pka;R sGqek;R rsgkv yhrkcaqVqd jknsrqyc

' Gosd p;klo;O kk'v rhMxuf hk'k;klo;O hrsk' o hrsk

dk/fv r=rLof dk/fv pkuoht k.hekzx jr hgku rs; k.k_pf

srs; k.k_pf dik;O -*5 sr 0891( hjcankd k.hekzx hBkje(

kzi & 1991 - kj - aj- k;jf lkgrfb kpk;e%@Mko k.hekzx & sMkjskc

)501 B"=i & jwikgYskd ]@luk'sdyCfi -

&% Vokl

jk- aj- hk_L hgs;/ehjcankd k; *Vokl* k;Pka; sMkjskc

srGef ky;kgi sysykv k.k_pf pspkk.isycapqd k;Pkuoht -

spk;Rskxk;Rku s;/esupj caqVqd yhrktkel k.hekzx

k;R hBklk;.it hrskxhrku hr k.fkv oRge k.jkk/kl;Uuv

hykk[kk.iMn dZAFfkv ]dlfuke kd, rrl pkuka;k_Lf yhrkjk/

j srxky sokg - hr k.fkv rhgku rs; hgkroial hrku hg Mk/

skrskg hg lkk_ kphyked kukrit - k;Pka;Rskxk;Rku kk'v

srskg pkdrfakdskk' hpsuql yhrhjcankd k; s;/ekokk.r - kyrf

srkt syjk/ jknckct k;Rjfk{;Rziv k{;Rzi hukk.jkd dsuv -

f sphVQijQi k;Pkuoht hk_L yhrhjcankd k; rhjd k.k"sy'o

k.Mt hphr=dLal ekzx * ]rkrk.gE sjSkpk?ko okjehAH kukrlv

hBklk;Rskxk;Rku kk{si%oL slk.ke hg hd sgkv hk'v pk.Mk?

hjr syMi V"d hghrdf ky%roL ]rkrxt dk/fv hBklakjrb

rkrsk? htGkd hpk; rhgku jkk.kt hyokk[qn hrskxhrku - qraji

87

/ek;Rskxk;Rku kk'v hghjr hBklk; k.fkv skrskg k.Zkeuf psi s;

pk;Prf uwl hpjk? k;R hk_L hpjk? k;R hg srkt hyjk/ lhBso

;/kl wrsg ZhAFkoL kp%roL hrR=ozi hgkad yhrktkel uwrke;/ke

rkrjd uR;zi kpk;.jd - krzohr hphrR=ozi&hrR=o ZhAFkoL k;

uakk.t hrdf Gk> hpk;R hd srlv duk;AH k.fkv jwzd hdrb k

slk.ke hg kpk; skrkt hGc kpakk.t hrdf rk;R k.fkv srlc

rhgku rhjd hgjkpof - kpsuql yhrkcaqVqd k|kk[, hekk.jfi

k'kuof skrjB GVv uwrk;R - k;Ysysx k;Y<y hBklZkAFkoL pkk'v

sGqek;R k.fkv hpka;kojkd k;Ysysd sukrRefuf k;R ]hpkpsiokM

kyk> uXAH o hpkjklal k;YsyVdLof hk.kgd hpakue k;Ys

srs; uQmskg ;k"of kphjcankd qk?y k; *Vokl* - 6 $ oSk_r(

)081 % B"=i -

&% hro;XkkHSkl jknekv

kj - aj- hk'kuoht k.hekzx s;/ehjcankd k; huka; sMkjskc

&kk.jd ekk.jfi jokuoht k;R o rhk/acal k;PkdukAFd k;

sgkv sysysd k.k_pf sjkk/kv - hg hjr hylu k.hekzx Gk[uf

sroMk? uZk'n spkorLko k;Ysyykp s;/ekuoht ekzx hjcankd -

sgkv kysykk> xkAH Z;kgjfiv hgkpk;@Msk[ kg k.jkdtkj -

phykv Zkk/iL ]ahd syVgE k.jkdtkj - psjkk.Gsk[ kyZsk/iL k;

psr k.fkv rkrofjB e;uf hgrkrMske - k.fkv kk_efql

hk.kgd hg hpkokMrfzi okM yhrkk.jkdtkj k;Pka; okjk.epf

sgkv - rkcaqVqd hy<skv rkk.jkdtkj kukrlu k.jkd hk_L yh

97

okjk.epf kjou kprf uQjd jiko hg kprf k.fkv ]srkt

skrjd uR;zi kpk;.k[kj rk/fkcv krRl hp%roL hyikv -

k/skjof k; snak'f okjriyn uwGk/m kuk;kojkd k;Pkd

skroky kykk.i kyhuRi k;P%roL hBklk;.oky - skd;kc

hBklZkAFkoL ]hBklkk.jkdtkj xsk;im kprf suk;Ylv hpkdDg

kgOsr srs; rkk{y k;Pkk_efql kgOst k_wl sg skrs; krjd klrkog

sp%roL hr uwokt rkk/skjof k;Pka; kjou kprf o kxyqe kprf

ukAFL krRl sou srjd k.Zkeuf -

kpkk'Si ]hjxfknkn ]hjxfMaqx s;/ekk.jkdtkj yhrk;@Msk[

kj sg skrskg kld kdpof kpkuotf duftZokl k.fkv ;;Oiv -

aj- rkrsn uwok[kn sMkjskc - hBklk;.sn kekuhtkj kyskd;kc

rkrojli teljSx yn@nck;Prf kjou o dinf kxyqe kprf

Pkalk.ke k;Yikv s;/ekk?al jknre okjsk? ]Zspke suk;:kgl k;

rkrosB Qjql - hekatjl hg hysykk> k.Zkeuf uwrk;Rskx k;Rku

srjd k.Zkeuf okk.r rktkel hrR=o - skr skrkt hGc hVosk'

pkpZbkc hr k.i skrkt kysd xsk;im uwk.gE jk;Rkg kprf

srjd uR;zi kpk;.Mi jsgkc uwrk;R -

kWM yn@nck; - ka; sjSkpk?ko okjehAH ]ahd sgkv syVgE hu

k;Prf ]aylv aysx ysd rLnfac kyklkdof k;Pkk_efql pk.wd,*

hyrkk? suk/ac uwrhjcankd kyklkdof dZhxlSu k;Psk[sjhrD;O

hprf uwk.gE hk_L hk.jkdtkj hk{kadoRge d, hjr hylv hysx

*srkt rokpam dk/fv kk[sjhrD;O -7 =i $ oSk_r( - zd- )412 -

08

&% k'akjkl

jk- aj- uwk/ek;&cankd k;Pka; sMkjskc susg&r k;@Gxsoxso

sk.k_pf hpka;k_Lf k;&kk.jd VQijQi hpkuoht k;P%oL

rkrG<kv - k.jgknm erRm spk; hrcjki yhk/e *kGskpki*

sgkv - k;Phrcjki hk_L ;:kglv hjkk.kt hyMku sjkdzi dsuv

srlnf sukiQj - lv n@ntf ]Vikr ]Vdsg ekjkxax dofrLko r

k;Pk;Ynf u wdk'f kGkk' k.fkv kpkue oDijfiv kukkH jr

skrlv kysykk> Vdsg pdk/fv uwrkxkj - hk/d dwAH hphukr

uwk.gE hgku rial srskg kdhrkadskk' hphrcjki -

Gjl hguwrhjcankd k; hk.kikjkp psk.kezi *kGskpki*

k;Ysykk> rhk_pf kAF;O k;Pkalk.ke k;&kk.xt uoht Zhxke

v rsgk - hgku rMi hedqg phk/d lQmki suk;Ylv hjgy Zxluf

hgku rdif hrsk' sGwek;R - kuakjokut ]hgku hk.ki ky;k;I

kckv k;&kk.lv uk/l k;V"=n dZAFfkv yhrkokax ]hgku kjkp

rk;[Bof k;Phdjkdokl okax sGqekadsky k;[jkl sdGsk'

skrMikl - k; Zbkcgfkj okjk.;kjku yhrhjcankd k; hpkak?skn

sgkv hysysd hMaskd sukGkd"qn - Vski spakjokut hguQjd uR;zi

hgku rjAH - sgkv hk_L Zhrd hyrkjk? hg Zbkcgfkj - suhrAFLfjfi

lk;okjd hgMsktMr k.fkv sgkv syofuc ltael kyrf

sgkv syofdk'f - hk/d hk/d ]hgku roxkj ]hgku rMpf hr

kj kykyqe hr uwosk? wtkc hpk;&ou uskn* srk.gE k.fkv ]srokx

18

wost kyGs; kd, sr ]p;kost kGs; - ji wgkj hk'kikr hk'kim

*wGkAHakl sjokut hg hpka;R roli k;@Gkloki - hphr rk;

srs; rkk{y Velqk? -

hgku sGxso kk{si k; kn/ql k[%qn yhk/e *Vokl* - htkekn

;hk.jeoLfv kk[sjhrD;O hg kei k.fkv yhMo Zbkv hpk;R

sgkv - sgkv rLnjct jkQi uwk.gE uql d, Velqk? hpkei - hr

sgkv dk'fskl - sysyofuc hnkooSn kyhr hukjkdLal yhjok;Prf

sgkv - okjrao;t jkk.xky sokjd ugl pk.ikv k[%qn syikv

.jd lsd rZkVskd kgOst sg keke htkekn Qjd kk"kkH hpk;

srsn jkdu sukk.i ekB hr kgOsr rkrxky - hcayokji kei hg

sgkv hysyjB hGc kphr=dLal k"Qjqi suk;Zk;i k.fkv roqded -

srlnf kukrjd jkdhoL hgkpsjiaji hr suwtkc k;&lqn k.i -

k;Pka; sMkjskc hg kk_efql yhk/e *hro;XkAHSkl jknekv*

Gxso yhk/ek;&cankd Zol sgkv kk[sjhrD;O ph - jrb

]rhgku rMi jsgkc k;Pkjk? kk'jkQi k;k_Lf yhrhjcankd

k;Pka;R koadf rhgku rhjd nkoofnko suhjcskjc k;Pakk"Qjqi

rhgku rMi hGc s;/ekVkihjkl k;PsrRl - rrl hr k_ke sAFb

sgkv k/okl - k;PaZkol k; dk/skjof k.fkv kxyqe ]kjou k.fkv

jrRq;Rzi lkokM sgkv jk;r lk;.sn - k_Lf rpfknd kuka; sMkjskc

srlnf slv koklv kpk;okjd Vdzi uwrk; jkdLofv kphrDk'

sgkv hykk> hjkk.lnf uwBm kk[sjrDf;O hg sGqek;R -

28

AHnal Z

)1 =i Zbcaqe g=x uk'kdzi tSke & kGskpki - zd- 32

)2 kj $ uk[sy hjcankd - aj- sMkjskc iQjoL ;Rgfkl spka;

v k.fkv eAFzi $ nkckxajSkv uk'kdzi rgfof nkoLk

=i $ 9991 hjkosukt 62 hrR=okv - zd- ) 861 -

)3 kj - aj- sMkjskc ==i % uk[sy hjcankd spka; - zd- 471 kj $ -

aj- dk'kdzi nkoLkv k.fkv iQjoL ;Rgfkl spka; sMkjskc

62 & hrR=okv eAFzi ]nkckxajSkv ]thlUt, jk{v &

)9991 hjkosukt -

)4 B"=i oSk_r zd- 412

)5 kj - aj- sMkjskc kWM $ nkoLv k.fkv iQjoL ;Rgfkl spka; -

=i nkckxajSkv & uk'kdzi rgfof & sjSkpk?ko okjehAH -

zd- 9991 sukt 62 hrR=okv eAFzi 861 -

)6 kzi & 1991 sr 0891( hjcankd k.hekzx hBkje - kj - aj-

k;jf lkgrfb kpk;e%@Mko k.hekzx & sMkjskc

]@luk'sdyCfi )501 B"=i & jwikgYskd -

)7 oSk_r =i- zd- 081

38

sopki k.jdzi

jkgalim

kj - aj- <if k;Ygfi sg sMkjskc uwk.gE jkdkAFd yhrh

rsgkv sysytkoku - k;Pka; ]yhVki jdak' ]jdGwxMke k'sVda;O

o kAFd k.hekzx uhykdel k;Pka; onk; naukv o spjrau

rsgkv jkdhjcankd - kpsupj caqVqd yhrkuoht ekzx huka;R

spkk/acal k;Pk;Rskxk;Rku yhrk;R uwosk? kok<kv Zk.wilk;Hv

sgkv sysysd k.k_pf -

k;Pka;k_Lf yhrsAFd k;Pka; sMkjskc s;/ekk.jdzi k;Ygfi

kysysd uR;zi kpk;.sk? k/skk' kpakk.jkd k;@Gxsoxso k;PhVelqk?

sgkv - hgkpk;R srskg Vdzi krdtfkekl ht uwrk;R k.fkv

sgkv kysysd jkpof - ]uhxy ]Gcaqp yhrkgzxal k; hk.Ge

fkv ]knSkl ]jk>ki ]Vsu ]Gkckv ]hjkk?ke k; hrskx hrku k.

k;Pk;@znjfkn rkuotf k.hekzx uwk/ekAFd k; hjdsk.sn yhrkgzxal

kysGsojn uwrk;R o srskg kuysgov hk'd hpaklk.ke suk;DVp

skrskg eUt kpsuysgov k;Ou kd, - k; Gcaqp krdrfxv hg

srxky sokxskAH kyhk_L k; kGrqi yhrsAFd - kyrf dofrLko

k;U sr jcskjcukayMfo spk;ok;okt hjsgke sGqesykv ky;

hgku rs; krkt kyrf k.i ]srlv - klv dsky spjlkl k.jkd

yhMo ]ysMqc jkxtskj kpklonf d, kprf ]ahd rkrjd jkpof

hg huka; sMkjskc sAFb ]rhgku rdk' Qjd gzxkv suk;Ylv chjx

48

rkrsn uwok[kn sg sgkv hysyjB hk'd uk/kl hpkjkxtskj hk_L -

n kk'v skrs; uwlnf jkd"ofkv kpkk[%q -

kpsrdrfxkv k;Pkayqe o k;Pka;k_Lf s;/ek;&lqn k.jdzi

sgkv kysysd jkpof - o rkrlv uwcayokv syqe jo Zbkv

srskg hghpkayqe pikvskikv ]ahd hykk> VQijQi hpZbkv - kk'v

sgkv sysysd sAFs; k.k_pf spkayqe dsuv k;Ysykk> kucapqd suhrjf -

@Msk[ oRge jkQi kyhV"skx k; sk.skg yqe s;/ehrqtel yhrk;

srlv - dtfkekl k.fkv srskg kucaVof hBske jr hgku sykk>

=n srxky sokt sjskekl kykVdal k;Ou k;@V - hk/d hk/d jr

hd sdrb ]srlv sjkk.Moji u k;@V=ndZAFfkv sk.GkAHakl kukayqe

hBd hgsk.jd GkAHkal kpk;.kikVski k;Pka;R srskg k. - hk/d hk/d

krdufokAH hpkyqe kykikc k;Ysyjnkg suq;R=e k;PZbkv

srskg k.hBd sk.GkAHakl - of dwtku klhgkad klv huka; sMkjskc ;k"

skrlnf kysyGkrkg suke;al ra;Rv -

s;/ekk.jdzi k;&lrf ktkel k.hekzx st kysupj caqVqd yhr

yhAFsr k.jkd spk;R sgkv ukAFL spkoRge hrn/i caqVqd k_d,

sgkv - okk.r st kysGsopk;&c s;/eZkAHnal k;Pk;Rskx k;Rku

k;PkcaqVqd kuka;k_Lf rk;R psGqehrAFLfjfi sr rkrskg k.Zkeuf

;@gklv hgk"Qjqi hk/d hk/d srxky sokckj iwk[ hBklkk.ik/ald,

sgkv kysysd sAFs; jkpof kpakAFd kk'v rkrlv - krRl k"Qjqi

hrku hd kdrb skr skrkgj rs; okk.r rrl s;/ehrn/icaqVqd

hr k.i srskg k.Zkeuf hrAFLfjfi hk'v ;kd hd yhrVqr kn/ql

rhgku rVqr - O skd;kc kjou uwrk; ]uwl&wlkl ]hgk;O&hgk;

58

];tokAH&jnf k.Mt hpk;Rku k.fkv hpkue k;Pka; sk.rqi&sryqp

rsgkv hysyofk[kn sukoRk"sk'of k.Mk? - ]kMaqg ]ukiuke Zbokt

hgkpk; sgkv hk'd k.pMkv hBske hpktkel hg AFLzi spka;

sgkv kysysd jkpof -

s;/e jkp k.jdzi k_L yhrhjcankd k;Pka; sMkjskc h

sgkv kysyrsk? k/so yhrkuoht - ]Vokl ]hk.kikjkp ]kGskpki

k;PkokAHoL k;@Gxsoxso uwrk;&cankd k; ]hro;XkAHSkl jknekv

sgkv kysysd jkpof kpakg&r k;&kk.xt o - drfxv suhrAFLfjfi

sukk.jkd dsuv kk.capqd hphk_L k;[jkl hrcjki k;Ysykk>

srskg - rlu k"skn phgkad kprf rk;R srskg rwAHkji hr kuk - Vdsg

k.fkv hxyqe hysylv dwAH hjqlkv ]kxyqe dZbkosg&r ]kjou

srskg hk[%qn k.fkv srskg drfxv hr sGqek; k.MakkH yhrkokax -

srskg hk[%qn kukrlu k.jkd kei yhk/eVokl hk/d jr - sprf

kyrf psk.xko Gjl srk.kv rk;Rskx - yhk/e hk.kikjkp jr

kd"qn Zbkv srskg k_kxryfx suk;DVQi k;PkG - kprf kg osnk[ql

Zbkv hrAHf hpk; skrjkdqi Mac n/Qjof k;DGsk' kckv kxyqe

k.ikv srsn k"skn kykyqe hr k.fkv srVko kyZbkcgfkj uwk.gE

k.MakkH hGsokk'v rskgkv skysyMikl rk;@Vkpd k;PkGkd"qn

k? uQjke kMaskk/ jok;ki pk;Yikv k.fkv sk.jd sjkk.Moji sk.s

sgkv sysyofdk'f suhrAFLfji kyrf k.ik.kgk' sg hgku - k.jkd

hBklk;.ki jAHkysi kuakd;kc k;YAFb hGki hpk;.okex oht

kn/qlGskk?kav kykGkc k;YsyeUt pk;Rdqu k.fkv sgkv rs;

orLko k.k"AHf sg srkt uQje yqe sr uwk.gE hgku rs; krykk?

68

' Qjd Mkvkue Zbkchgkj hgku rdk - uwlv k/okl hr uwk.gE

sgkv srjd k/okl kykyqe - hr sgkv hGxso rk;@Gxl k;

;skg kk_efql kd;fku hphjacnkd k; hro;XkAHSkl jknekv - hr

k;Pk;&ou k.i srlv phk[jklhk?Skpjkp Zhowik;.s; rkk.jkdtkj

srxky QjB hGc hr kpkpsiokM ;hdtkj hk{kadkoRge hjqlkv -

Vdal kyrf srxky ywgkp hpk - dk/skjof koadf dinf kxyqe xe

wGsk[ k.jkdtkj spsrRl hr krjd u koji hpk; okjriyn

srjB <pjo kk{siuk;Gxl rk;R k.fkv srxky - slv sprf

sgkv sysysd rk_fpf huka; sMkjskc iQj sGxkv -

78

ZAHnal hpwl

)1 ;sev$jdnaQjqd jgju $kuokrLzi $kGouko uk'kdzijwixku

)2 lQmkg xalfhyCi krgse 28 V"=i $hk.Ge $sk/akcsxky3891 hrR=okv hjlqn & sk.wi

)3 oSk_r & 96 B"=i $hk.Ge $Gsk[ )4 oSk_r & 47 B"=i $hk.Ge $Gsk[ )5 oSk_r & 111 V"=i $hk.Ge $k.Mjqe )6 hrskxhrku$kraelf $ 93 B"=i 52 Zbcaqe g=x ;e%@Mkodsky )7 jgju k'kdzi ;sev kGokuko$kuokrLzi$jdnaQjqd

zd B"=i jwixku -9 )8 zd B"=i 52 Zbcaqe g=x ;e%@Mkodsky$hrskxhrku$kraelf -

53 )9 14 B"=i oSk_r )01 kj - aj- ]lQmkg uk'sdhyCi krgse & hk.Ge$k/kac$sMkjskc

zd B"=i 03&sk.wi - 75 )11 16 B"=i oSk_r )21 zd B"=i oSk_r - 36 )31 zd B"=i oSk_r - 46 )41 e jdsyxak.drkg -n- iQj ]kAFd hBkje ]kAFd k.hekzx$

64 B"=i sk.wi & uk'kdzi Zk.iwl & jljfi k.fkv )51 kj - aj- jkpof hgkad uk[sy kAFd sk>ke$sMkjskc

]52 Zbcaqe & g=x ;e%@Mkodsky $ hrskxhrku$kuokrLzi11 B"=i

)61 kj - aj- sMkjskc ka.qk/$ hrskxhrku$ e%@Mkodsky$ g=x;54 B"=i 52&Zbcaqe

)71 64 B"=i oSk_r )81 84 B"=i oSk_r )91 kj - aj- 75 B"=i hrskxhrku$jsgke$sMkjskc )02 ]uk'kdzi ;sev & kGouko$kuokrLzi$jgju jdnaQjqd

jwixku

88

)12 kj - aj- 52&Zbcaqe g=x;e%@Mkodsky$hrskxhrku$rku$sMkjskc06 B"=i

)22 16 B"=i oSk_r )32 56 B"=i oSk_r )42 hBkje$kAFd 57&0591 $ iQjoL o kk.jszi ;Rgfkl

zd B"=i Zbcaqe uk'kdzi jyq;IkWi - 151&051 )52 kj - aj- hk.Ge$kBjcam$sMkjskc

lQmkg xalfhyCi krgse

141 B"=i 03&sk.wi )62 qr Zhk.dyqd - ak' - kj$ - aj- ukB"rfzi kAFd hpka; sMkjskc

qzczsQi nkckxajSkv - zd B"=i 8691 - 51 )72 kyqe$syYikrRskd AFkuxku kj rk[ - aj- sMkjskc

krgse & k/skk' k.fkv iQjoL ;Rgfkl k.hekzx$hpka;zd B"=i sk.qi lQmkg xalfhyCi - )421

)82 321 B"=i oSk_r )92 =i Zbcaqe g=x uk'kdzi tSke & kGskpki - zd- 32 )03 kj $ uk[sy hjcankd - aj- iQjoL ;Rgfkl spka; smkjskc

$ nkckxajSkv uk'kdzi rgfof nkoLkv k.fkv eAFzi=i $ 9991 hjkosukt 62 hrR=okv - zd- 861

)13 kj - aj- ==i % uk[sy hjcankd spka; sMkjskc - zd- kj $ 271 -aj- dk'kdzi nkoLkv k.fkv iQjoL ;Rgfkl spka; sMkjskc

62 & hrR=okv eAFzi ]nkckxajSkv ]thlUt, jk{v &9991 hjkosukt

)23 471 % B"=i oSk_r )33 hjcankd k.hekzx hBkje kzi & 1991 sr 0891( - kj -

aj- k;jf lkgrfb kpk;e%@Mko k.hekzx & sMkjskc501 B"=i & jwikgYskd ]@luk'sdyCfi

)43 081 % B"=i $ oSk_r )53 =i $ oSk_r - zd- 412