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ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ۴۲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ، ۵ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ، ۱۳۸۷ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺯ، ۵۷۷ ﺗﺎ۵۸۶ ٥٧٧ * ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ: ﺗﻠﻔﻦ: ۶۱۱۱۴۲۴۷ ﻓﺎﻛﺲ، : ۸۸۰۰۸۸۳۸ ، Email: [email protected] ﺳﻨﮓ ﺧﺰﺷﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺪ ﮔﺘﻮﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺴﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ* ۱ ﻧﻴﺎﺳﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ، ۲ ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ، ۳ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻲ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ۴ 1 د اﻧﺸ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﯿﺎر ﻣﻌﺪن- ﭘﺮد داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻫﺎ ی ﻓﻨﯽ- ﺗﻬﺮان داﻧﺸﮕﺎه2 آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ داﻧﺶ ارﺷ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ- ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻫﺎ ی ﻓﻨﯽ- ﺗﻬﺮان داﻧﺸﮕﺎه3 اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ- ﻓﻨﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه- ﻣﺪرس ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه4 آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮏ ارﺷﺪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ- داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﻣﯿﺮﮐﺒﯿﺮ) درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ23 / 2 / 85 ﺷﺪه اﺻﻼح رواﯾﺖ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ، 10 / 11 / 86 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ، ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺐ20 / 11 / 86 ( ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺳﻨﮓ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺘﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺪ ﺭﻳﺰﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺳﺪ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺁﻏﺎﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ. ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ۱۵ ۲۵ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ. ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺩﺭ ﺗﻜﺘﻮﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻗﺪﻳﺴﻲ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﺪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ، ﺳﻨﮓ ﺧﺰﺷﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ، ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ، ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ- ﺁﻣﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ. ﺩﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﺮ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺰﺷﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮓ، ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻌ ﻴﻴ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎ ﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎ ﺸﮕﺎﻫ ﺷﺒ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻧﺸ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺎﭼ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ۶ % ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻴﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﻲMPa ۷۲ / ۱۷ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ۴۰ ﮔﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻨﮓMPa ۸ / ۷ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ۳۵ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. واژه ﮐﻠﯿﺪی ﻫﺎی: ﺧﺰﺵ- ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ- ﺑﺮﮔﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ- ﻧﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭFLAC ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺿﻌ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﺨ، ﮔﻞ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺯﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ۱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮔﻮ ﻨﺪ. ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻧﻴ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺰﺷﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ] ١ [ . ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ، ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ، ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺰﺵ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﻐﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ، ﻫﺎ... ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺁﻧ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺧﺰﺷﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ. ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ، ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ، ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ] ٢ [ . ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ. ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺁﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ] ١ [ . ﺁﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺳﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﻮﻧﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﮔﺘﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ١٢ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ. ﺍﺯ ﺳﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻔﺎﻉ١٧٨ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺮ،٦٨ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻲ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺭ٢٤٦ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺪ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺩﺭ٦٤٠ ﻣﺘﺮ، ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ. ﭘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺪ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ

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  • ri.ca.tu@hgorafm :liamE : : : *

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  • 1- Cristescu, N., D. and Hunsche, U. (1998). Time Effects in Rock Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, 342 Pages.

    2 - Fahimifar, A. and Soroush, H. (2001). Rock Mechanic tests; theoretical aspects and standards, 720 pages, in

    Farsi, Technical and soil Mechanics Laboratory, Tehran.

    3 - Shahrokhi, Z. (1993). Application of Rock Mass Classification in estimating geotechnical parameters of

    Gotvand Olia dam, In Farsi, 4th Conf. on dam construction, Iran, PP. 840-861.

    4 - Itasca Consulting Group, (2003). FLAC-2D Manual, version 4.0, Minnesota USA. 5 - Goodman, R. E. (1989). Introduction to Rock Mechanics, University of California at Berkeley, John Wiley &

    Sons.

    6 - Yang, C., Daemen, J. K. and Yin, J. H. (1999). Experimental Investigation of Creep Behavior of Salt Rock.

    International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining science, V. 36, PP. 233-242.

    1 - Time- dependant 2 - Instantaneous elastic strain 3 - Primary creep 4 - Secondary creep 5 - Tertiary creep