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Part One: Reading comprehension

Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions. Complete the questions with the most suitable words or phrases (a, b, c & d) below each one. Base your answers on the information given only.

Passage 1

It was back in 1959 when the first tele-psychiatry system was set in operation through a two-way dosed circuit microwave television to transmit demonstration of neurologic patients from the State Mental Hospital to Nebraska Psychiatric Institute, 112 miles away in Omaha as part of the education of first year medical students.

Although tele-psychiatry has a long history, its practical consequences in every day mental health care practice have been limited. Development, construction, operation and maintenance costs have been prohibitively high and the majority of "online time" was spent on medical education.

Psychiatry is not a specialty that requires touch during examination of the patient. Sessions are mostly in the form of interviews where the interviewer and interviewee have agreed to meet in a predefined location such as a nursing home, a hospital, private clinic or even at the patient's home. Even duration is not predefined. The sessions could last for as long as the involved parties consider it helpful or efficient. Number of involved people is not standardized either.

Group therapies have gained momentum especially when participants form a group sharing experiences and seeking guidance for dealing with issues ranging from substance abuse to mourning and providing care to the chronically ill.

121 . The tele-psychiatry experience of 1959 was ........... . a. first practiced to educate medical students in Nebraska Psychiatric Instituteb. approved for treating patients in Nebraska Psychiatric Institutec. successful in microwave transmission to the Nebraska Mental Hospitald. appropriate to educate medical students at the State Mental Hospital

122 . The writer's purpose for writing this passage was to ........... . a. advocate tele-psychiatryb. present the challenges of tele-psychiatryc. compare tele-psychiatry with conventional sessionsd. describe a tele-psychiatry session

123 . Those who attend a group therapy ........... . a. often suffer emotional problemsb. are experts in online demonstrationsc. are acutely ill and responsive to therapyd. have the same experience in interview

124. It is implied in this passage that ........... . a. close communication between members of a group can be ignoredb. tele-psychiatry has failed to be a common practicec. sharing the same experience and seeking help in the group is importantd. group therapy requires a standard number of participants

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125 . It is stated that a psychiatry session is expected to provide ........... . a. a limited time durationb. an undefined locationc. physical examinationd. guidance for participants

Passage 2

On the subject of physical health and medical research, there are thousands of amazing Websites on the World Wide Web where people can get information. However, when does the amount of available information affect its validity and health benefit? The Internet is greatly influencing people's attitudes about their own healthcare; probably, this worldwide cultural trend improves global health. Because computer users can look up almost any topic of interest to them, they become their own researchers. In the busy modern world, doctors don't always take the time to explain illnesses and possible remedies to their patients; they may not give scientific-details in words that are easy to understand, either. For this reason, many hopeful people take advantage of Web resources.·to .find the facts they need for good medical decisions. But are the beliefs ·of ".experts" always c,ompletely accurate or real? Are they helpful to everyone that needs advice on a specific medical condition? To sell health books or products might the claims that seem the most wonderful even be fraudulent - that is, dishonest or false? Do sick or worried people expect too much when they look for clear, easy answers to difficult health questions or problems on the computer?

126 . The writer implies that people looking up health information on the Internet should .......... . a. be more cautiousb. consult a physician firstc. manipulate it if necessaryd. trust it if scientific

127. According to the text, the information given to patients by their physicians ............ . a. might be inaccurateb. is rather inadequatec. can misguide themd. fails to be up-to-date

128 . The purpose of the author is to ............ . a. introduce different sources of health information.b. discuss some relevant health information on the Internetc. guide patients on how to seek reliable informationd. warn patients against false information on the Internet

129. According to the passage, one reason patients turn to the Internet for health information is that

a. physicians fail to explain the issue in an easily understandable languageb. the information on the Internet is more comprehensive and reliablec. health providers are not competent enough to answer the patients' questionsd. patients are not usually wiJJing to consult their physicians

130 . This passage explains "The Internet" ............ .

a. as a valuable source of health informationb. in terms of expectations of doctors and patientsc. in terms of health benefits versus limitsd. as an unreliable and invalid source of infonnation

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Passage 3

Regarding databases, it's not all about unauthorized access. Many people fear that the joining of databases will lead to insurance providers barring from coverage people with certain genetic predispositions, or massively increasing their premium. This can be exacerbated by the fact that the mechanism of the genes isn't always well understood, even by the doctors and the medical experts hired by the insurance companies, let alone chief executive officers who just read something in Time magazine about one gene determining whether you get cancer. Moreover, databases often lead to issues of data permanency, particularly bad data. To give an example, my mother came up with a positive on a Hepatitis test a good decade ago. Despite multiple tests showing that the one test was a false positive, she's still on the Do not Donate list for blood. Imagine that , instead, one of the overseas date entry people confused your records for someone with the same name who has a terminal disease. How many times will you get rejected for insurance because the company database shows you have a pre-existing condition?.

131 . Databases, if joined, may help insurance providers to overcharge or exclude people ............ . a. having unauthorized access to datab. with increased insurance premiumc. hired by the insurance companiesd. with certain genetic predispositions

132 . The underlined "This" refers to ........... . a. joining of databasesb. unauthorized accessc. barring people from coverage or increasing their premiumd. people with certain genetic predispositions or their premium

133 . "Data permanency" ............ people seeking medical insurance. a. could disfavorb. would benefitc. is limited tod. is intended for

134 . The database used by insurance providers could harm insurance seekers by ............ . a. worsening their terminal diseaseb. providing false records of themc. donating their blood by mistaked. transmitting hepatitis to them

135. The last sentence ............ the way people's insurance data is handled. a. criticizesb. supportsc. ignoresd. favors

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Passage 4

Blood vessels throughout the body have the ability to constrict or dilate in circumference. There are nervous system and hormonal interplays that maintain a vascular tone that is appropriate for handling the blood volume in the body and to adapt to changing pumping patterns of the heart. For example, if there is hemorrhage and low volume, the blood vessels constrict to reduce their capacity and increase their resistance to the heart's pumping in order to keep blood flowing at high speed and into even remote, peripheral vascular beds. If they did not have this capacity to constrict, there would be a deceleration of flow and essentially a stagnant circulation, especially in remote areas of the body. Of course, blood that is not flowing is like nonflowing water in a stream; it becomes polluted with waste products and is unable to get rid of them or to replenish itself with fresh supp1ies. Furthermore, blood that is not moving tends to coagulate or clot, creating an obstruction to further flow.

136. The nervous system and hormones ............ perform their function properly. a. interact in aiding vessels tob. remain inactive while vesselsc. each work individually to guide vessels tod. adversely affect the vessels that

137. Variations in the pumping patterns of the heart ........... . a. are too small to require monitoringb. are adjusted by the vesselsc. would hardly affect the blood flowd. are rooted in the blood vessels

138. The vessels have a(n) ............ role in handling the blood volume in the body. a. neutral b. redundant c. contributory d. inhibitory

139 . The constriction capacity of blood vessels could help the circulation by ............ . a. making it stagnantb. limiting it to remote areasc. accelerating the flowd. decelerating the flow

140. Flowing helps the blood to ............ . a. coagulate and clot furtherb. develop into a stream of waste productsc. get rid of its nutrientsd. be cleansed of waste materials

Part two: vocabulary

Directions: Complete the following sentences by choosing the best answer.

141 . Regular check-ups and periodic polishing of teeth by the dentist can greatly improve their

a. shield b. structure c. longevity d. sensitivity

142. From the beginning of human civilization, it was recognized that polluted water and lack ofproper waste ............ spread communicable disease.

a. disposition b. disposal c. dismissal d. dispersion

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143 . A cell genome, th-at is, the entire library of genetic information in its DNA, provides a genetic program that ............ the cell how to function.

a. interrupts b. inhibits c. invades d. instructs

144. Evolution is the process by which living species are gradually modified and ............ the environment in more and more sophisticated ways.

a. provided with b. surrounded by c. adapted to d. converted into

145 . Present-day cells have all ............ their genetic instruction from the same common ancestor. a. recited b. diverted c. benefited d. inherited

146. The medical industry has experienced overwhelming advances over the last 50 years, and noweven further steps are being taken to help ............ patient care.

a. optimize b. advertise c. neutralize d. compromise

147. Quick and timely access to a patient's health history documents would allow a doctor to............ the necessary treatments for a patient.

a. contain b. avoid c. relegate d. pursue

148. Many patients admitted to hospitals tend to suffer serious unintentional injuries, indicating thatthe hospital environment is ............ medical hazards.

a. critical of b. conducive to c. deprived of d. safeguarded by

149 . The government has decided to equip health ............ in big cities with modern diagnostic· tools

150.

such as MRI, CT scan, etc. a. incentivesb. recommendationsc. prov1s10nsd. facilities

The system of higher education ........... .

student life remains rather similar. a. vanes b. develops

in different countries around the world, although

c. persists d. maintains

151 . The rate at which man ............ the balance of nature can have destructive outcomes. a. restores b. distracts c. disturbs d. reveals

152 . The researchers postponed doing the project since they doubted the ............ of the collected data.

a. accuracy b. distortion c. instruction d. intricacy

153. Hand-washing, use of disposable gloves and disinfectants are the necessary ............ to be

followed in all health centers. a. potentials b. precautions c. competencies d. attributes

l 54 . In case of not following what your doctor has prescribed, your condition may be ............ . a. elevated b. established c. augmented d. exacerbated

155. When the balance of hormones in one's body is ............ , the organs fail to function well. a. restored b. established c. disrupted d. ascertained

156. Recently, we have been able to develop a highly ............ computer model to simulate the body's interaction with the kidney implant.

a. lethal b. trivial c. suppressed d. sophisticated

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157 . The new manager emphasized that prescriptions written by____practitioners should be ........... . and unambiguous to avoid mistakes.

a. legible b. predictable c. recoverable d. accountable

158. The panel, impressed by the nurses' ............ and hard work, decided to promote them. a. accountability b. fragility c. infirmity d. incompatibility

159 . Infections are the commonest ............ of mankind and the major source of morbidity and mortality.

a. affection b. affliction c. infusion d. affiliation

160 . E-medicine implementation factors require a set of ............ , such as providing infrastructure; training personnel, health policies, and selection of e-medicine applications.

a. ancestors b. apparatuses c. antecedents d. appointments

J. ... ..vLJ.1 .. .

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