jaap verheul: de 5 belangrijkste presidenten
TRANSCRIPT
Microsoft PowerPoint - 2016 De vijf belangrijkste presidenten.pptx
Vijf Amerikaanse presidenten die een
verschil maakten
Jaap Verheul
Great Presidents?
Washington, Jefferson, Roosevelt en Lincoln
Volgens historici
1 Abraham Lincoln R
2 Franklin D. Roosevelt D
3 George Washington Indep
4 Theodore Roosevelt R
5 Thomas Jefferson Dem-Rep
6 Harry S. Truman D6 Harry S. Truman D
7 Woodrow Wilson D
8 Dwight D. Eisenhower R
9 John F. Kennedy D
10 Ronald Reagan R
Bron: New York Times 2013
Volgens historici
1 Abraham Lincoln R
2 Franklin D. Roosevelt D
3 George Washington Indep
4 Theodore Roosevelt R
5 Thomas Jefferson Dem-Rep
6 Harry S. Truman D6 Harry S. Truman D
7 Woodrow Wilson D
8 Dwight D. Eisenhower R
9 John F. Kennedy D
10 Ronald Reagan R
Bron: New York Times 201317 Barack Obama D
20 Bill Clinton D
34 George W. Bush R
Welke criteria?
"There are presidents who could be considered both failures and great or near great (for example, Nixon). (Alan Brinkley)
"How can one evaluate such an idiosyncratic president, so brilliant and so morally lacking? (James MacGregor Burns, over Nixon)MacGregor Burns, over Nixon)
"No one has a right to grade a Presidenteven poor James Buchananwho has not sat in his chair, examined the mail and information that came across his desk, and learned why he made his decisions. (JFK)
Volgens het Amerikaanse publiek
Who do you regard as the greatest United States president?
1 Ronald Reagan (19%) R
2 Abraham Lincoln (14%) R
3 Bill Clinton (13%) D
4 John F. Kennedy (11%) D
5 George Washington (10%) R
6 Franklin D. Roosevelt (8%) D
7 Barack Obama (5%) D
8 Theodore Roosevelt (3%) D
9 Harry Truman (3%) R
10 George W. Bush (2%) D
Bron: Gallup Poll 2011
Transformatieve presidenten
Veranderden
het presidentschap
relatie tussen burger en overheid
rol van de VS in de wereld
1. Thomas Jefferson
2. Abraham Lincoln
3. Woodrow Wilson
4. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
5. Richard Nixon
THOMAS JEFFERSON
De anti-president
Thomas Jefferson
1743-1826 (4 juli)
Grootgrondbezitter en slavenhouder (Virginia)
Intellectueel, Intellectueel, Renaissance Man
Auteur Declaration of Independence (1776)
3e President 1801-1809
De onafhankelijkheidsverklaring (1776)
Preambule
All men are created equal
American Creed
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness
natuurrechten natuurrechten
Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed
contracttheorie
Staatkundige erfenis Verlichting
Doel: burger beschermen tegen overheid
Sacraal document
Grondwet (1787)
Eerste partijsysteem
Federalist Anti-Federalist (Dem
Republican)
Hamilton Jefferson
Implied powers, broad
construction
Strict constuction
Federaal gezag States rights
Industrie Agrarisch
Noord-Oosten Virginia + Z + W
Better sort Meaner sort
Pro-Engels Pro-Frans
President Jefferson
Verovering Witte Huis op John Adams
Bescheiden presidentschap
We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists
Slavernij: einde internationale slavenhandel(1807)(1807)
Echter:
Empire of Liberty (1780)
Eerste Barbarijse Oorlog (1801-1805)
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Erfenis
Verder lezen
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
De president die de staten verenigde
Abraham Lincoln
1809-1865
Illinois, log cabin, rail splitter, advocaat
Whig Party in Illinois (1832) en US House (1846)(1846)
1854 Republican Party
1858 campagne Senaat
A house divided againstitself cannot stand
1860 eerste Republikeinse president
President Lincoln
Oorlogspresident
Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog (1861-1865)
Emancipation Procamation(1863)(1863)
Ford Theatre 14 April 1865
Great Emancipator?
Abraham Lincoln en slavernij
I would save the Union, if I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing could save it by freeing some and leaving others I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union. (1862)
First Inaugural address (1861)
I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists.
the Union of these States is perpetual.
I shall take care that the laws of the Union be I shall take care that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all the States.
my rightful masters, the American people This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it.
The mystic chords of memory, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.
Gettysburg Address (1863)
Four score and seven years ago a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created all men are created equal.
a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
14th Amendement (1868)
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. [Citizen Clause]
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States [Privileges or Immunities Clause]
nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law [Due Process Clause]
Erfenis
"There was a time a few years ago when the United States was spoken of in the plural number. Men said 'the United States are' 'the United States have' 'the United States were.' But the war changed all that.
The surrender of Mr. Davis and Gen. Lee meant a The surrender of Mr. Davis and Gen. Lee meant a transition from the plural to the singular.
The Washington Post, 24 april 1887.
WOODROW WILSON
De internationale idealist
Woodrow Wilson
1856-1924
Politicoloog (historicus)
President van Princeton University (1902-10)
Gouverneur New Jersey (1911-13). (1911-13).
Democraat, Progressive Movement
28e President (1913-21)
Nobelprijs (1919)
Birth of a Nation (1915)
President Wilson
Progressieve wetgeving
Internationaal idealisme
Deelname aan WWI to make the world safe for democracy.democracy.
14 Points (1918)
Vrijhandel, openbarediplomatie, democratie, zelfbeschikkingsrecht
Volkenbond (1919)
Grand Stategies?
Walter Rusell Mead, Special Providence (2002):
four powerful, but competing political traditions
Isolationist (unilateralist)
Internationalist (multilateralist)(unilateralist) (multilateralist)
Idealist Jeffersonian Wilsonian
Realist Jacksonian Hamiltonian
FRANKLIN DELANO
ROOSEVELT
De sociale president
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1882-1945
Democraat
Onderminstermarine (1913-20)marine (1913-20)
Gouverneur New York 1929-32
32e President (1939-1945)
Partijleider Roosevelt
Radicale transformatie partijsysteem
Democraten worden partij van grote overheid
Gesteund door industrie, banken en verzekeraars,
vakbonden en arbeiders, etnische minderheden, boeren, vakbonden en arbeiders, etnische minderheden, boeren,
intellectuelen en het Zuiden
New Deal Coalition tot 1968
1932
1944
President Roosevelt
Radicale transformatie van overheid
President als luisterende leider, in crisis en oorlog
The only thing we have to fear is fear itself
Communiceert via nieuwe media (radio)
New Deal: New Deal:
Noodhulp en werkverschaffing
Financile herstructurering (SEC)
Sociale wetgeving (sociale verzekeringen, maximale werkweek, minimumloon, vakbonden)
Ruime interpretatie van de Grondwet
Overheid wordt verantwoordelijk voor economie en sociale zekerheid
Fireside Chats
Erfenis FDR
Nieuwe koers Democraten
Belang van burgerrechten en New Deal liberalism
President als leider van een grote en ambitieuze overheid
Presidentschap belangrijker dan Congres Presidentschap belangrijker dan Congres
Voorzetting buitenlandse ambities Wilsonianism
US als mondiale grootmacht
Multilateralisme en Globalism
Multilaterialism
Atlantic Charter (1941)
United Nations (1945)
Human Rights (1948)
Definition of genocide (1948)
Bretton Woods (1944) Bretton Woods (1944)
IMF
World Bank
GATT (1948) World Trade Organization
In short: United States invented multilateralism
Set universal standards
Sense of mission
RICHARD NIXON
Imperiaal presidentschap
Richard M. Nixon
1913-1994
Republikein
Afgevaardigde en Senator (1947-53)Senator (1947-53)
Vice-president(1953-1961)
37e president (1969-1974)
Partijleider Nixon
Soutern strategy
Silent majority(1969)
President Nixon
Opening met China (1972)
Detente Sovjetunie(1972-73)(1972-73)
SALT I, ABM
Midden Oosten
Latijns Amerika
Nixon Doctrine
De drievoudige crisis
Economische crisis
Loslaten gouden standaard (1971), einde Bretton Woods
Oliecrisis (1973)
Einde van de beheersbare groei
Vietnam Vietnam
Vietnamisering, wapenstilstand (1973)
Grenzen mondiale superioriteit
War Powers Act (1973)
Einde imperial presidency
Watergate
Politieke vertrouwenscrisis
Media worden vierde macht
Erfenis
Argwaan tegen politiek
Politieke mobilisatie van Christelijk rechts
Religieus fundamentalisme
televangelism
Third Great Awakening Third Great Awakening
Culture Wars: tegen counterculture jaren zestig
Politieke polarisatie, einde bipartisanism
Populistisch Republikanisme
Ronald Reagan
Tea Party
Donald Trump
Abraham Obama
Ron English
Thank you!