Jacques Danvoir

Lesson Two

Hiroshima

—the “Liveliest” City in Japan

Jacques Danvoir 雅克 · 丹瓦

Lecturer: Meng Fanyan

Teaching objectives• To get to know some background

information about Hiroshima, the atomic bomb and the Second World War.

• To know the way of developing a piece of narration.

• To master the writing techniques employed by the author in the text.

Teaching plan

• 1. Warming-up questions

• 2. Background information

• 3. Writing style and skills

• 4. Rhetorical devices

• 5. Language points

• 6. Exercises after the text

• 7. Homework

Background Information

1. The City of Hiroshima

2. The first dropping of an atomic bomb ---“Little Boy”

3. Some important dates related to WWII

Warming up activities

• What do you know about Japan?

• What do you know about the city of Hiroshima?

• How much do you know about WWII?

The City of Hiroshima• Geography of the city• Brief history of Hiroshima• The map of Japan• Effect of the atomic bombing on the

city

General introduction• Hiroshima is a city in Japan. The United

States dropped the fist atomic-bomb here during World War Ⅱ, Hiroshima was broken into pieces.

• But today Hiroshima has become a modern city. In order to remember the lesson forever, Japanese built the peace park around the memorial building which was the center of bombarding. There are three memorials and a museum in the park.

• Many people who love peace come from every corner in the world and salute to the memorials expressing their hatred of the war. In the museum you may see many pictures taken during the war and some remains. Through tape recorder guide you may hear the living people’s speech. Many peace pigeons gather in the square of the park to welcome travelers.

• http://www.city.hiroshima.jp/shimin/heiwa/peaceenglish.html

Hiroshima

A "City of Peace"Hiroshima overcame the tragic atomic bombing to become a city that symbolizes peace and extols (praise 赞美 , 颂扬 ) humanity. The A-bomb experience is the wellspring of Hiroshima’s continual plea for the abolition of nuclear weapons. Along with this, to preserve the sanctity ( 神圣 , 圣洁 ) of human life, personal dignity, and the opportunity to lead a tranquil life in a comfortable environment, we intend to be a city that contributes to lasting world peace through national, regional, and interpersonal exchange.

A "City of Culture"• While preserving our plentiful water,

greenery, and natural environment to create a safe, comfortable, pleasant, and high-quality urban environment, we intend to be a city where people lead energetic, healthy, comfortable, and worthwhile lives, an energetic city that attracts people, a city that fosters culture and humanity.

An "International City" • Taking advantage of the refined

sensibilities and natural creativity of its people and its wealth of technology and culture, the City of Hiroshima will promote vigorous international exchanges, cooperation, and joint activities in business, culture, sports, academics, and other fields. At the same time, as the core city of the Chugoku-Shikoku Region, it seeks to become a vital, outward-looking hub with sufficient urban functions and infrastructure to support these activities.

National Name: Nippon

Capital: Tokyo

Four main islands:

Honshu ( 本州 ) Hokkaido ( 北海道 )

Kyushu ( 九州 ) Shikoku ( 四国 )

Hiroshima, a city on southwestern Honshû Island

, along the Seto Inland Sea, capital of Hiroshima

Prefecture ( 日本的县） , at the head of Hiroshima

Bay. The city was founded in 1594 and is rich in

nature with its surrounding picturesque

mountains that are ever changing with the four

seasons and its six rivers that flow through it.

Hiroshima grew rapidly as a castle town and

commercial city, and after 1868 it was developed

as a military center.

Further information

On August 6, 1945, during World War II

(1939-1945), the first atomic bomb to be

used against an enemy position was

dropped on the city by the United States

Army Air Forces. According to U.S.

estimates 70,000 people were killed or

missing as a result of the bomb and many

more were made homeless.

The blast ( 爆炸 ) also destroyed more than

10 sq km of the city, completely destroying

68 percent of Hiroshima’s buildings; another

24 percent were damaged. Every August 6

since 1947, thousands participate in

interfaith （不同宗教团体） services in the

Peace Memorial Park （公墓） built on the

site where the bomb exploded. In 1949 the

Japanese dedicated Hiroshima as an

international shrine ( 圣地 ) of peace.

• Amid the ashes, Hiroshima overcame unbearable grief and suffering to set about its reconstruction. In 1949, the national government enacted the Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law, designed to help reconstruct Hiroshima as a "peace memorial city." The wisdom and hard work of the people of Hiroshima, with generous assistance from within Japan and abroad, led to a remarkable recovery.

After the war, the city was largely rebuilt, and commercial activities were resumed. Machinery, automobiles, food processing, and the brewing ( 酿造 ) of sake ( 日本米酒 )are the main industries. The surrounding area, although mountainous, has fertile valleys where silk, rice, and wheat are produced.

• 广岛是位于日本最大的岛屿 -- 本州西南部的一座海湾城市。广岛是日本本州广岛县首府，南临濑户内海的广岛湾，地处太田川三角洲。广岛县面积８４６３平方公里。人口 34 万，日本第七大城市。五条河流呈扇形从市区穿过奔向濑户内海。整个城市就是建立在这样的冲积平原上的。在历史上，广岛就是以军事 , 教育 , 工业等闻名的西日本繁华重镇。十九世纪中叶后广岛逐渐成为军事重地。

• １９４５年，第二次世界大战已接近尾声。德国法西斯于５月８日无条件投降。７月２６日，美国、英国和中国三国发表“波茨坦宣言”，敦促日本迅速无条件投降，但日本政府置之不理。

• 为了迫使日本迅速投降，１９４５年８月６日清晨，美军一架Ｂ－２９轰炸机飞临日本广岛市区上空。８时１５分，轰炸机投下一颗炸弹。这颗炸弹带着降落伞徐徐落向市中心，在距地面５８０米的空中爆炸。在巨大冲击波的作用下，广岛市的建筑全部倒塌，全市３４ . ３万人口中有７８１５０人当日死亡。这颗炸弹就是美军研制的代号为“小男孩”的原子弹。 “小男孩”铀弹，长３米，直径０ . ７米，重约４吨，内装６０公斤高浓铀。

• １９４５年８月９日上午１１时０２分，美军又用Ｂ－２９轰炸机将第二颗原子弹“胖子”投在长崎市。“胖子”是一颗钚 (bu) 弹，长约３ . ６米，直径１ . ５米，重约４ . ９吨，爆高５０３米。爆炸使长崎市２３万人口中有１０万余人当日死伤和失踪，城市６０％－７０％的建筑物被毁。

• 广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸造成的伤害遗留至今。据日本有关部门统计，迄今为止，广岛受原子弹伤害而死亡的人数达２４万，长崎因原子弹爆炸而死去的人数超过１３ . ５万。

The Bombing of Hiroshima

爱因斯坦说，当原子分裂的时候，世界也将为之而改变。

Atomic Bomb

08:15 AM, Aug 6, 1945

“Little boy”

美军飞机在轰炸前拍摄的广岛照片

After the bomb

爆炸发生后，整个广岛一片荒芜，时间仿佛静止

After the bomb

爆炸发生三周后，从空中俯瞰广岛

爆炸中受伤的日本平民在医院等待检查

一名日本男子的背在爆炸中严重烧伤

原子弹的巨大辐射在这些人身上留下永久的疤痕

美军曾在长崎投下的代号为“胖子”的原子弹

杜鲁门 总统

轰炸任务完成后，小组成员在埃诺拉 · 盖伊”号前合影留念

On August 6, 1945, by order of President

Harry S. Truman(杜鲁门 ), the 1st Atomic

bomb “Little Boy” was exploded over a point

near the centre of Hiroshima, destroying

almost everything. The damage beyond this

area was considerable （ very large), and

over 70,000 people were killed instantly.

Many more later died of injuries and the

effects of radiation.

• The explosion produces great amounts of heat, a shock wave and intense radiation. The region of the explosion becomes radioactively contaminated ( 污染 ) and radioactive products may be deposited ( 沉积 ) elsewhere as fallout( 辐射微尘 ).

• Casualties ( 伤亡人员） numbered

nearly 130,000. Survivors are still dying

of leukaemia [lju:’ki:miə] ( 白血病 ),

pernicious （ [pə:’niʃəs] 有害的） anaemia [ə’ni:miə]( 贫血病 ) and other

diseases induced by radiation. Almost

98% of the buildings were destroyed or

severely damaged.

• The Japanese dedicated post-war Hiroshima to peace. A destroyed area named "Peace City" has been set aside as a memorial. A peace Park was built. A special hospital built here treats people suffering from exposure to radiation and conducts research into its effects.

•

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony

• Every year on 6 August, "A-bomb Day," the City of Hiroshima holds the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony to console the victims of the atomic bomb and to pray for the realization of lasting world peace.

• The ceremony is held in the morning from 8:00, in front of the Memorial Cenotaph with many citizens including the families of the deceased.

• During the ceremony, a one-minute silence was observed at 8:15 for the victims, at the time of the atomic bomb's explosion.

日本纪念广岛原子弹爆炸 57 周年

Lantern Ceremony

• And in the evening of the same day, Lantern ceremony is held to send off the spirits of the victims on lanterns with peace messages floated on the waters of the Motoyasu River.

Hiroshima peace Memorial –Atomic Bomb

Dome

Hiroshima peace Memorial –Atomic Bomb Dome

A-Bomb Dome at sunset

Atomic Bomb Dome

• The A-Bomb Dome is the skeletal ruins of the former Industrial Promotion Hall. It is the building closest to the hypocenter(震源） of the nuclear bomb that remained at least partially standing. It was left how it was after the bombing in memory of the casualties.

• The A-Bomb Dome, to which a sense of sacredness（神圣） and transcendence（超凡） has been

attributed, is situated in a distant ceremonial view that is visible from the Peace Memorial Park’s central cenotaph.

It is an officially designated site of memory for the nation’s and humanity’s collectively shared heritage of catastrophe（大灾难） . The A-Bomb Dome is on the UNESCO(联合国教科文组织） World Heritage List.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park ( 広島和平記念公園 )

• It is a large park in the center of Hiroshima, Japan. It is dedicated to the legacy ( 遗址 ) of Hiroshima as the first city in the world to suffer a nuclear attack (August 6, 1945), which led to the death of as many as 140 thousand people by the end of 1945.

• The location of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park was once the city’s busiest downtown commercial and residential district. The park was built on open field that was created by the explosion.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park

• Today there are a number of memorials and monuments, museums, and lecture halls which draw over a million visitors annually. The annual 6 August Peace Memorial Ceremony, which is sponsored by the city of Hiroshima, is also held in the park.

• The purpose of the Peace Memorial Park is to not only memorialize the victims, but also to establish the memory of nuclear horrors and advocate world peace.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park

The Statue of the A-Bomb Children

Children's Peace Monument

• The Children‘s Peace Monument is a statue dedicated to the memory of the children who died as a result of the bombing. The statue is of a girl with outstretched arms with a folded paper crane rising above her.

• The statue is based on the true story of Sadako Sasaki ( 佐々木禎子） a young girl who died from radiation from the bomb. She believed that if she folded 1,000 paper cranes she would be

cured.

Children's Peace Monument

• To this day, people (mostly children) from around the world fold cranes and send them to Hiroshima where they are placed near the statue. The statue has a continuously replenished（补充） collection of folded cranes nearby.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

• The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum is the primary museum in the park dedicated to educating visitors about the bomb. The Museum has exhibits and information covering the build up to war, the role of Hiroshima in the war up to the bombing, and extensive information on the bombing and its effects, along with substantial memorabilia（纪念物） and pictures from the bombing. The building also offers some marvelous views of the Memorial Cenotaph, Peace Flame, and A-Bomb Dome.

International Conference Center Hiroshima

• International Conference Center Hiroshima is in the Peace Park, west side of the main building of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum.

• Since 1955 an annual world conference against nuclear weapons has been held in Hiroshima.

Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall

for the Atomic Bomb Victims

Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall • The Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall for

the Atomic Bomb Victims is an effort by the Japanese national government to remember and mourn the sacred sacrifice of the atomic bomb victims.

• It is also an expression of Japan’s desire for genuine and lasting peace. The Hall contains a number of displays.

• On the roof, near the entrance (the museum is underground) is a clock frozen at 8:15, the time the bomb went off.

Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall

• The museum contains a seminar room, library, temporary exhibition area, and victims’ information area.

• Additionally, one of the more stunning（令人印象深刻的 ) areas is The Hall of Remembrance which contains a 360 degree panorama（全景） of the destroyed Hiroshima recreated using 140,000 tiles （瓦片） — the number of people estimated to have died from the bomb by the end of 1945.

The Memorial Cenotaph (衣冠冢）

The Memorial Cenotaph

• Near the center of the park is a concrete, saddle-shaped monument that covers a cenotaph holding the names of all of the people killed by the bomb.

• The cenotaph carries the epitaph(墓志铭，悼文） , "Rest in Peace, for the error shall not be repeated." Through the monument you can see the Peace Flame and the A-Bomb Dome.

• The Memorial Cenotaph was one of the first memorial monuments built on open field on August 6, 1952. The arch shape represents a shelter for the souls of the victims.

Peace Flame with the Peace Memorial

Museum in the background

Peace Flame

• The Peace Flame is another monument to the victims of the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima, but it has an additional symbolic purpose.

• The flame has burned continuously since it was lit in 1964, and will remain lit until all nuclear bombs on the planet are destroyed and the planet is free from the threat of nuclear annihilation.(歼灭，毁灭）

Atomic Bomb Memorial Mound

• The Atomic Bomb Memorial Mound is a large, grass-covered knoll that contains the ashes of 70 thousand unidentified victims of the bomb.

Hiroshima Peace Bell

A schoolgirl rings the Peace Bell in the Hiroshima Peace Park.

Peace Bell

• There are three Peace Bells in the Peace Park. The smaller one is used only for the Peace Memorial Ceremony. Except that day, it is displayed in the east building of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum.

• And the well known Peace Bell is the one in the picture, stands near Children's Peace Monument and consists of a large Japanese bell hanging inside a small open-sided structure.

Peace Bell• Visitors are encouraged to ring the bell for world peace

and the loud and melodious(悦耳的，音调和谐的 ) tolling of this bell rings out regularly throughout the Peace Park.

• The Peace Bell was built in the open, on September 20, 1964. The surface of the bell is a map of the world, and the “sweet spot” is an atomic symbol.

• The inscriptions on the bell are in Greek, Japanese, and Sanskrit (梵文） . It is translated as “Know yourself.” The Greek embassy donated the bell to the Peace Park and picked out the most appropriate ancient Greek philosophical quote of Socrates(苏格拉底） . The Sanskrit was translated by the Indian ambassador, and the Japanese by a university lecturer.

Cenotaph for Korean Victims

Cenotaph for Korean Victims

• The monument says "Souls of the dead ride to heaven on the backs of turtles.“

• Among the 400 thousand people who were killed or exposed to lethal post-explosion radiation, at least 45 thousand people were Korean, but the number is uncertain, because the population has been neglected as the minority.

• Nagasaki returned to Korea after liberation from the Japanese colonialism.

Cenotaph for Korean Victims

• The monument, beautified with Korean national symbols, for Koreans survivors from the atomic bomb and Japanese colonialism.

• And it is embodying the pride of Korea as an icon（肖像，代表，象征） for Korean nationalists.

• The issue of the government of Japan and Korean, the monument had to be built across the river from the Peace Park. At last, it was moved into the park in July 1999.

The Gates of Peace

The Gates of Peace

• A recent addition to the park, this monument contains six gates covered with the word “peace” in 49 languages from around the world. The gates are about 5 meters high and 2 meters wide.

Hiroshima Pond of Peace

Dr. Tadatoshi AkibaMayor of Hiroshima City

Important Dates in WWII

• September 29, 1938 The Munich Pact, signed by Germany, Italy, France, and Britain at Munich( 慕尼黑 ) ( 把捷克的苏台德区划给德国 )

• March 1939 the Germans marched into Czechoslovakia and subsequently made most of the country a German protectorate （保护国） , thus nullifying(废除 , 使无效 ) the Munich Pact.

• August 23, 1939 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics signed a nonaggression pact with Germany in order to avoid war.

• On September 1, 1939, Hitler launched an attack on Poland, mistakenly believing that Britain and France would not intervene. Both countries, however, immediately declared war on Germany, marking the beginning of World War II.

• Jun.22, 1941 Germany invaded USSR.

• Dec. 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the US into the war.

• Sept. 1943 Italy surrendered.

• May. 7, 1945 Germany surrendered unconditionally.

• July 26 1945 America, Britain and China held a conference in Potsdam and signed Potsdam Proclamation, asking Japan to surrender unconditionally, but neglected by Japan.

• Aug. 6, 1945 The first A-bomb (Little Boy) exploded in Hiroshima.

• Aug. 9, 1945 The dropping of the second A-bomb (Fat Man) on Nagasaki

• Aug. 14, 1945 Japan announced its surrender.

Potsdam Conference

Churchill

Truman

Stalin

电视电影 《广岛》 （加拿大 / 日本）

•本片是由加拿大和日本 1995年合拍的一部电视电影。影片在几位亲身经历二战的老兵的回忆中，以详尽的史实和鲜为人知的、大量的历史镜头真实地再现了那段惨绝人寰的战争。影片中国际较量、尔虞我诈的政治斗争和宏大的战争场面都将给观众留下难忘的记忆。

Introduction to the Passage

Type of writing:

--- a piece of narration

(or news report blending with description)

Narration • Narration is concerned with action, with life

in motion, with a meaningful series of action.

It usually tells the time, the background of an

event, or the cause and result of it.

• One of the basic and most frequently adopted

way of writing. A good narration has a

beginning, development, climax and an end.

• Simply defined, narration is the telling of a

story.

• In a narrative writing, the actions or the incidents, events are generally presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings. It is called to be in chronological order.

• But it can also start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings. This is called flashback.

Components of a Narration• Plot: including beginning, development,

climax, ending; the whole story, the frame of the writing, which consists of a series of events, with the development of the actions, or accidents. There are usu. one climax, the highest point of the story, with suspensions, conflicts to arouse the interest of the audience. After the climax is reached, the story quickly moves to a conclusion; The plot / action usually dominates narration, but some focuses on character or theme or atmosphere.

• Characters: the leading character is called the hero or protagonist (antagonist)

• Background: time and place of the story

news report• There are six questions every

journalist should ask about every news story: Who, What, When, Where, Why and How.

• The most important of these is Why, but find out the other stuff first, as it is the basis for all further questions.

• The purpose of a piece of radio report:

• -- to inform the auditors of the truth

• Some characteristics of radio report:

• -- authenticity and objectivity

Characteristics of this news report

• 1. accurately recording the dialogues with some Japanese to reinforce the authenticity of the report

• 2. carefully observing and describing details to reinforce the authenticity of the report

• 3. vivid and humorous description to make the report interesting

Structural Analysis

• What is the main idea of the passage?

• How many parts does the passage fall into? What is the main idea of each part?

•

Main idea

• The author mainly narrates what he has heard and seen in Hiroshima.

Structural Analysis

Part I (para 1) : The author’s arrival at Hiroshima;

Part II (para 2-7) : The author’s ride to the City Hall of Hiroshima;

Part III (para8-27) : The author’s meeting with the mayor of Hiroshima;

Part IV (para28-39 ) : The author’s interviews in the special hospital.

Questions for Discussion1. Can you guess the writer’s occupation, and

perhaps his nationality?2. What do you think was the aim of the visit?3. What thoughts were on his mind? 4. What was the writer’s attitude towards

Hiroshima? 5. Were the Japanese preoccupied with the same

thoughts as the writer was?6. Was Hiroshima in any way different from other

Japanese cities? 7. Can you find some of the problems of Japan, or

at least, of Hiroshima. What are they? 8. Why didn’t the writer ask the patients of the

atomic ward the questions he had prepared in advance?

9. What was the answer he read in every eye?

Answer

1)The writer must be an American journalist or reporter.

2)The aim of the visit, I think, was to gather information about Hiroshima today.

3)A lot of sad thoughts were on his mind.

4)He felt a sense of guilt.

5)No, the Japanese were not preoccupied with the same thoughts as the writer was.

6)Hiroshima was different from other Japanese cities in that it was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945.

7)One is an obvious conflict between western influence and the traditional customs. Another is that the impact of the 1945 bomb attack is still felt or seen till now.

8)Because he thought it was unnecessary to do so since the answers were obvious after his talk with the patients.

9)The answer was that Hiroshima was not the liveliest city in Japan.

Introduction to the main content

• The author, as an American journalist or reporter, was invited to Japan by the mayor of Hiroshima to gather some material about Hiroshima today. The city is quite different from the other cities of Japan because it had been greatly damaged by an atomic bomb dropped by the air force of America during WWII. So the author shows deep sympathy for the people in H.

• But out of his expectation, he found things in H. seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities, and the people there had no sad thoughts on their minds. It seemed that they all live their happy lives. Therefore, the author uses the word “liveliest” to describe it for the sake of irony.

• First the author describes his feelings of guilt towards H. Then he describes Japanese people from his point of view and tells us the impression they give him. He raises a problem that exists in Japan---the struggle between the east and the west, or the old and the new by using sharp contrast:

sharp contrast• one is between kimono and miniskirt,

people in kimonos rub shoulders with those in western dress;

• the other is between old traditional houses and skyscrapers, that is, the old traditional houses floating in canal and those high buildings exist at the same time.

Writing techniques

• 1. Rhetorical Devices

• 2. American English

• 3. Dialogues

• 4. Formal words and expressions to achieve humor

• eg. the spinal column, flexible

AmE:• sidewalk --- pavement

• cab driver --- taxi driver

• stores --- shops

• 2. a swelling or small palpable (that can be touched) mass肿块

• I have a lump on my head where I hit it against the door.

• 我撞在门上，头上肿起了一块。

Part IV (para28-39 ) :

The author’s interviews in the special hospital.

formaldehyde : 甲醛ether ：乙醚Stretchers and wheelchairs lined the walls of

endless corridors.

stretcher ： a litter, usually of canvas

stretched over a frame, used to transport the

sick, wounded, or dead 担架stretcher-bearer n. 抬担架的人 stretcher-party n. 担架队--- Stretchers and wheelchairs are put against

the walls in the long corridors.

• the very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor.

• --- Even healthy visitors would shiver when they see those surgical instruments.

• I thought somehow I had been spared. • somehow ： in some way not yet known or

stated, by some means, for some reason that is not clear

• Eg. I think she is right but somehow I’m not completely sure.

• I thought I knew the way, but somehow I got lost.

• Somehow he was afraid of her.

• spare:

• 1 ） to keep from harming, punishing or attacking 使免遭 ; 赦免

• Take my money but spare my life.• The enemy were so heinous that even

refused to spare the new-borns.• 2 ） to afford to give 节省 , 抽出• Can you spare me 5 minutes?• Can you spare an extra ticket for me?

• --- I thought for some reason or other I had not been affected.

• Or: I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me.

•

testing and treating

• Alliteration: 押头韵；头韵法• the repetition of an initial sound that is

usu. a consonant in two or more neighboring words.

• sink or swim ；• publish or perish ；• treat or trick; •

It is humiliating to survive in this city. humiliate [hju(:)'milieit] v. to hurt the pride, dignity or self-respect of 屈辱，羞辱 eg. humiliate oneself The country was humiliated by defeat. He humiliated her beyond endurance.--- It is a disgrace for an atomic victim to remain alive in this city (to continue to live in this city).

• your children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do not.

• --- Your children will be despised or looked down upon by those who are not atomic victims.

• People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation.

• --- People fear that the effect of the atomic radiation may be hereditary.

• People suffering from genetic damage may not be able to produce off-springs or may give birth to deformed or otherwise unhealthy children.

• genetic damage: a damage, harm, illness which have been passed on / inherited and will be passed on from generation to generation

• lucky birds:

• Japanese tradition: if one makes 1000 little paper cranes, one’s wishes will be realized

each day of suffering that helps to free me

from earthly cares,

earthly: worldly; as opposed to heaven 尘世的

eg. earthly possessions /joys;

earthly care 烦恼 : daily life and worries, cares on the earth which is in contrast with that in heaven, in death

--- One more day of suffering would mean a day nearer my death (would bring me closer to my death).

• I have the opportunity to improve my character.

• --- I have the chance to raise my moral standard, to purify my soul.

• ward: a room in a hospital usually holding six or more patients

• a maternity ward 产科病房• accident ward 急症病室• an isolation ward 隔离病房• Why didn’t he ask the questions?• --- The expression of the people told me

what the answer was.• What’ the answer?• --- People of H. are still in great pain both

physically and spiritually. The atomic radiation brought them everlasting effects.

Useful words and expressions

preoccupation ; oblivious ; intermezzo ; heave ; arresting ; stunning ; incessant; twinge ; linger ; agony ; inhibit ; agitated ; reverie ; heinous ; cataclysm ; demolish ; humiliate ; genetic

have a lump in one’s throat ; on one’s mind ; rub shoulders with ; at the very sight of; set off ; in response to; flash by ／ past ／ through ; a twinge of; sink in ; by trade

Writing techniques1. Contrasts

description of the scenery and of his own emotion

Psychology: sorrowful and repentant.Hiroshima symbolizes war crime, sin, death, terror, etc.

Scenery: lively, happy, vigorous, cheerful, etc.

2. Humor • serious looking men… (bob up and down

repeatedly in little bows);• the cab driver… (grinned at me in the rear-

view mirror and repeated “Hi, Hi”);• the usher (bowed deeply… heaved a long,

almost musical sigh); • meeting the mayor (treading cautiously on

the soft tatami matting and … at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks;

• after 3 days in Japan spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible;

• Hiroshima---oysters? • small man with very large eye-glasses,

his eyes nearly closed behind their thick lenses, etc.)

IV . Rhetorical Devices• 1. Metaphor • 2. Climax ( 递进 ; 层进 )• 3. Anti-climax ( 突降法 )• 4. Irony ( 反语 )• 5. Rhetorical question ( 修辞疑问句 )• 6. Antithesis• 7. Parallelism• 8. Alliteration ( 头韵 )• 9. Metonymy• 10. Hyperbole• 11. Onomatopoeia

Metaphor 1) I had a lump in my throat2) At last this intermezzo came to an end...3) I was again crushed by the thought..4) ...when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me out

of my sad reverie

Irony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm.

1) Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan2) the good fortune that my illness has brought

• Alliteration : the repetition of an initial sound that is usu. a consonant in two or more neighboring words.

• 1) slip to a stop 2) tested and treated

• Anti-climax : the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions. This device is usu. aimed at creating comic or humorous effects.

• a town known throughout the world for its---oysters

•Metonymy• 1) little old Japan adrift amid beige

concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt

• little old Japan---- traditional floating houses

• 2) I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact

• Hiroshima----people of Hiroshima, especially those who suffered from the A-bomb

Homework• 1. Oral Performance • - Make situational dialogues according to the

author’s interviews by using the words and expressions occurring in the text.

(the small Japanese man; the patient in the hospital)

• 2. Writing • My visit to…(about 200 words)

Italicized word explanation• 1) a feeling of pressure in one’s throat• 2) a matter that takes up all one’s attention• 3) meet and mix with• 4) move up and down automatically • 5) form of words connected with a ceremony• 6) driving mirror for seeing out of the rear

window

• 7) anything that fills the time between two events

• 8) with the face made up by using the traditional white cosmetics

• 9) group of people who share the same thought

• 10) hereditary damage; damage having to do with genetics

Ⅱ.Paraphrase 1)They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.

2)As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.

3)The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.

4)1 suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.

5)The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was ．

6)After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude ．

7)1 was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant ． His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking ．

8)I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me ．

III. Translation

• 1.其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一次令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗 ?

• 2. 出人意料的是，刚到广岛车站时袭扰着我的那种异样的忧伤情绪竟在这时重新袭上心头，我的心情又难受起来，因为我又一次意识到自己置身于曾遭受第一颗原子弹轰击的现场。这儿曾有成千上万的生命顷刻之间即遭毁灭，还有成千上万的人在痛苦的煎熬中慢慢死去。

3.“ 在这个牡蛎之城，有两派看法，一派主张保留轰炸的遗迹，另一派主张消除一切痕迹，甚至连在轰炸中心树立的纪念碑也拆掉。”

4.“如果你身上有明显的原子烧伤痕迹的话，你的孩子就会受到非原子弹受害者的歧视。”

5.每当我从死神那儿挣脱出来的那一天，每当病痛将我从尘世烦恼中解放出来的那一天，我都要叠一只新的小纸鸟，加到原有的纸鸟群里去。我就这样看着这些纸鸟，庆幸病痛给自己带来的好运。因为正是我的病痛使我有了怡养性情的机会。”

Ⅳ. Word formation

1)n ． +present participle

epoch-making 划时代 face-keeping

time-consuming nerve-wracking 伤脑筋

2)n ． +past participle

home-made 国产 bed-ridden 卧床不起

sun-burnt 晒黑 heart-felt 衷心的

3)n ． +adj ．

pitch-dark漆黑 head-strong顽固

duty-free coal-black墨黑

4)n ． +n ． +-ed

lion-hearted勇猛 iron-fisted吝啬

wall-eyed 角膜白斑 brick-walled砖墙

5)adj ． +n ． +-ed

stiff-necked顽固 high-minded 高尚的

dull-witted愚蠢 warm-blooded

empty-headed cold-blooded

6) adj ． +present participle

high-sounding夸夸其谈 hard-working

plain-sailing 一帆风顺 far-reaching深远的

7) adj ． +past participle

high-flown 颇具野心 new-born婴儿

fine-spun 细纺 high-strung 高度紧张

Ⅴ. Word Discrimination

1) was-fact ； must be-strong probability

2) Was I at the scene…?-was not sure whether or not

Was I not at the scene…?-are quite sure you are at the scene.

3) elderly-approaching old age

4) grin-smile broadly, sometimes foolishly, without making any noise.

laugh-amusement by inarticulate, explosive sounds

smile-general, amusement, satisfaction, affection etc.

5) sketch-draw an outline roughly and quickly

6) careful-painstaking efforts, thoroughness, cautiousness in avoiding error etc.

cautious-careful holding back from action until all possibilities have been considered to avoid failure or danger

7) site-restricted to an area of ground, small or large.

spot-specific place of limited extent

8) demolish- tearing down拆除

destroy-putting an end to破坏。

9) gay-spirit

delightful-charming, pleasing

l0) gaze-look long &steadily in wonder, admiration, fascination etc.

stare-gaze intently, with wide-open eyes, in amazement, admiration or fear

Ⅵ.Word Substitution

1) job ， task ， duty

2) unaware

3) fronts ， by the front doors

4) striking/fascinating/strange / sight ；continual ， endless ， constant

5) sudden ， sharp feeling ；idea ， thought ， expectation

6) killed ， murdered

7) pain ， torture

8) fame

9) daydream ， thoughts

1O) atomic disaster

11) tear down ， pull down

12) meet with ， face

Ⅶ.Sentence Translation1) 他刚才所讲的与讨论的问题无关。

2) 战场旧址使他回想起那战火纷飞的抗战岁月。

3) 他专心致志地工作，完全没有理会周围正在发生的事。

4)记者们看到诺贝尔奖获得者时感到很兴奋。

5) - 老师用了个什么字 ?我没太听清楚。 - 我也没听清楚，很像是preoccupation 。

6) 又拐了一个弯，我们来到了一个可容几百人的大岩洞。

7) 人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后都惊得目瞪口呆。

8) 铁水倒人混铁炉有如把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯。

9) 手术的失败使年青的外科大夫心情沉重。

10) 将军常到兵营里去，和普通战士们在一起。

VIII ． Blank Filling1) soil 2) soil 3) earth 4) earth 5) familiar to 6) familiar with7) puzzled 8) surprising 9) admits 10) had confessed 11) careful 12) cautiously

Ⅸ.Translation (from C to E)1)There is not a soul in the hall ． The meeting must have been put off ．

2)The book looks very much like a box. (The book looks much the same as a box. )

3)Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect. It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other.

4)The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.

5)He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.

6) What he did had nothing to do with her.

7) She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind.

8) I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.

9) He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchange opinions with them on various subjects.

10) It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.

11) The soil smells of fresh grass.

12) Could you spare me a few minutes?

13) Could you spare me a ticket?

14) That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.

Word spelling• 1) preoccupation 2) humiliate • 3) oblivious 4) martyr• 5) intermezzo 6) heave • 7) spectacle 8) incessant • 9) stunning 10) twinge• 11) slay 12) linger • 13) agony 14) inhibited • 15) agitated 16) renown • 17) assent 18) reverie • 19) heinous 20) demolish • 21) genetic 22) cataclysm• 23) impact 24) formula• 25) cautiously