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Jahanfar Abouie 15th STPC Jahanfar Abouie ١ L L uttinger uttinger L L iquid iquid Phase in Phase in H H eisenberg eisenberg B B ond ond A A lternating lternating S S pin pin C C hains hains Shahrood University of technology and IPM Collaborator: Saeed Mahdavifar Guilan university

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Page 1: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

Jahanfar

Abouie

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١

LLuttingeruttinger LLiquid iquid Phase in Phase in

HHeisenberg eisenberg BBond ond AAlternating lternating SSpin pin

CChainshains

Shahrood University of technology and IPM

Collaborator: Saeed

MahdavifarGuilan university

Page 2: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

ديدگاه ميكروسكوپي ديدگاه ميكروسكوپي

هاميلتونيهاميلتوني سيستمسيستم::انرژي جنبشي هسته ها ) 1انرژي جنبشي الكترون ها ) 2الكترونها با هسته ها ) كولني( انرژي پتانسيل برهمكنشي ) 3الكترونها با يكديگر ) كولني( انرژي پتانسيل برهمكنشي ) 4هسته ها با يكديگر ) كولني( انرژي پتانسيل برهمكنشي ) 5

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie 2

Page 3: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie 3

∑∑تقريب تك ذره اي==

+∇−==⇒N

ii

ioni

N

ii xV

mHHH

1

22

1

00 )](2

[ h

هاميلتوني واقعي سيستم

∑∑≠

−−

=

− =+∇=ji

jielelelel

N

i

elelii xxvVVxHH ),(

21,]],[[

1

0

حل مشكل است حل مشكل است هاميلتوني بس ذره اي

∑هاميلتوني موثر =

+=N

ii

effi xVHH

1

0 )],([~ ρ

Page 4: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

براي سيستم هايي كه آثار مغنا طيسي و ابر رسانايي از خود نشان مي دهند، بر هم كنش با قي مانده بسيار مهم است و

.نمي توان آن را صرف نظر كرد

NxVxVxxVV jeff

ieff

jielel

ij /)]()([),(~ +−= −

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie 4

, 1994.Verlag-springer ”magnetismquatumInteracting electrons and “, AuerbachAssa

سيستم هاي همبسته قوي

f

re

><=2

11

<>

gg بسيار مهم است بر هم كنش با قي مانده

P, Sاربيتالهاي مهم نيست بر هم كنش با قي مانده

f, dاربيتالهاي

Page 5: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

مدل هاي مؤثر مدل هابارد ) 1t - J مدل ) 2

مدل هايزنبرگ) 3

: هايزنبرگ مدل

∑ ++=ij

zj

zi

zij

yj

yi

yij

xj

xi

xij SSJSSJSSJH )(

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie 5

, Cambridge University Press, 1999”solvable modeldimentional-Thermodynamics of one“M. Takahashi,

Page 6: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

:مدل هايزنبرگ

پارامتر هايي كه در مدل هايزنبرگ مهم هستند ∑=

ijjiij SSJH ).(rr

بعد شبكه ) 1ساختار شبكه ) 2همديگر را ) اسپين(به محدوده اي كه دو اتم : برد برهمكنش ) 3

. مي بينند و با هم برهم كنش مي كنند ناهمسانگردي ) 4

نا همسا نگردي برهم كنش تبادلي ) الف اسپين را در -نا همسا نگردي روي سايت كه برهم كنش اسپين ) ب

. بر ندارد اندازه اسپين ) 5

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie 6

Page 7: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

AF-F Heisenberg spin chain

FAJ FJ FAJ

3323 )( ClCuNHCHCH

323 )( ClCuNHCH

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٧

, 087204 (2007), 99LettM. B. Stone, et. al, Phys. Rev.

. 66, 564 (1997)JpnH. Manaka, et. Al, J. Phys. Soc.

. 67, 3913 (1998)JpnH. Manaka, et. Al, J. Phys. Soc.

Experiments:Experiments:

, 047210 (2006)96. LettT. Masuda, et. al. Phys. Rev. The energy gap

13.6 k

17 – 18 k

S=1 spin ladder

S=1/2 spin chain

Page 8: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

: نتايج ديدگاه نظري .در طيف انرژي سيستم گاف انرژي وجود دارد ) 1

. حالت پايه سيستم در فاز هالدين است ) 2

اثر ميدان مغناطيسي روي حالت پايه توسط روش عددي لنكشوز بررسي ) 3.شده است

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٨

, 251 (1995)64. JpnT. Sakai: J. Phys. Soc.

1153 (1983)50Lett, Phys. Rev. HaldaneF. D. M.

gapenregyEEN

=−∞→

)(lim 01

Page 9: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

FAJ::طرح مسئلهطرح مسئله FJ FAJ

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٩

Anisotropy parameterAnisotropy parameter Transverse fieldTransverse field

Page 10: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

: : حالت حدي جفتيدگي پاد فرو مغناطيسي قوي حالت حدي جفتيدگي پاد فرو مغناطيسي قوي FAF JJ >>

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١٠

, 201 (1998)6. Phys. J. B, EurF. Mila, , 3454 (1998)57K. Totsuka, Phys. Rev. B

Page 11: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

Haldane – Luttinger liquid

Luttinger liquid - Ferromagnetic

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١١

172409 (2002)65, et al, Phys. Rev. B, DmitrievD. V.

Page 12: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١٢

Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid)

Energy spectrum gapless

Correlation functions Power Law decay

The ground state has not usual orders

Spin Liquid Phase

Energy spectrum gapfull

Correlation functions exponentially decay

The ground state is disorder

Organic conductorsQuantum wiresCarbon nanotubesEdge state of quantum Hall effectUltra cold atoms in optical latticesAF spin chainSpin ladder systems

Page 13: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

عالوه بر فاز داراي گاف هالدين بايد فاز ديگري در حضور ميدان عرضي م وجود داشته باشد كه باز هم داراي گاف انرژي است و مي تواند نوعي نظ

.مغناطيسي عمود بر راستاي ميدان داشته باشد

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١٣

Away from isotropic point

Page 14: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١٤

String order parameter Magnetization along x direction

Page 15: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١٥

Page 16: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١٦

Stripe-antiferromagnetic order parameter

Page 17: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

Jordan- Wigner transformation

Heisenberg Hamiltonian An interacting fermionic Hamiltonian

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١٧

S. Yamamoto et. Al, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 31, 974 (2005)

Page 18: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

Hartree-Fock approximation helps us to decompose the interacting term

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١٨

Mean field order parameters:

Ferromagnetic exchange order parameter

Antiferromagnetic exchange order parameter

magnetization

Page 19: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ١٩

Using following unitary transformation to diagonalize the HamiltonianUsing following unitary transformation to diagonalize the Hamiltonian

New quasiparticles

The internal energy and the specific heat

Fermion

distribution function

Page 20: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٢٠

S. Mahdavifar and A. Akbari, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn (2007)

Tf versus the transverase field for anisotropic case

Energy gap of the anisotropic case

Page 21: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٢١

Tf versus the transverase field for isotropic case

, 251 (1995)64. JpnT. Sakai: J. Phys. Soc.

, submitted to Phys. Rev. B (RC)Mahdavifarand S. AbouieJ.

Page 22: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٢٢

Maximum of RPf versus transverse field

Magnetization versus transverse field for the isotropic case

, submitted to Phys. Rev. B (RC)Mahdavifarand S. AbouieJ.

Page 23: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٢٣

Page 24: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٢٤

Specific heat versus temperature for different values of transverse field

Spinless fermion approach

, submitted to Phys. Rev. B (RC)Mahdavifarand S. AbouieJ.

Page 25: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٢٥

, submitted to Phys. Rev. B (RC)Mahdavifarand S. AbouieJ.

Full diagonalization

Page 26: Jahanfar Abouie - School of Physicsphysics.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/15thspring/notes/abouie.pdf · Jahanfar Abouie. 15th STPC. ١٢. Luttinger Liquid Phase (Spin Fluid) Energy spectrum

15th STPCJahanfar Abouie ٢٦