january.2004> doc. ieee802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi · 2011-07-13 · ＜january.2004>...

＜January.2004>　　　　　　　　Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0003-00-mmwi

Submission　　　　　　　　　　　　Slide1 ＜Toshiyuki　Hirose>, <Siemens K.K.>

Submission Title: [Study of mm wave propagation modeling to realize WPANs ]

Date Submitted: [January 2004]Revised:Source: [Toshiyuki Hirose, Akira Akeyama*, Kouichi Sakamoto**, Ami Kanazawa***] Company [Siemens k.k., *NTT Advanced Technology Corp, ** Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. ***Communications Research Laboratory ]

Address [20-14, Higashi-Gotanda 3-Chome Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8641, Japan] Voice [+81(3) 5423-8855], E-mail [[email protected]]

Re: [Millimeter wave propagation characteristics]

Abstract: [60GHz-band Propagation characteristics are presented in this document ]

Purpose: [Contribute to mm wave interest group for WPANs]

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual or organization. The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor reserves the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

Project: IEEEP802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN)



The following individuals support this proposal as co-authors:Akira AKEYAMA (NTT Advanced Technology Corp.)Kouichi SAKAMOTO (Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) Ami Kanazawa (Communications Research Laboratory)

Study of mm wave propagation modelingⅢto realize WPANs



60GHz-Band is expected to realize a very high rate transmission system. In this document, 60 to 70GHz propagation characteristics are presented for the promotion of new system proposals. Overview of propagation modeling was presented as Doc.: IEEE802. 15-03/0365 in Singapore meeting and Doc.: IEEE802. 15-03/0458 in Albuquerque. In this document,more detail informationare presented.

Content

￭ Complex permittivity of construction materials

￭ Correlation bandwidth

￭ Shadowing durations & attenuation

This measurement results are a summary of the experimental works done in a collaboration research project for Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc communication in YRP.

Study of mm wave propagation modelingto realize WPANs



Complex permittivity of construction materials

To determine the value of complex permittivity, reflection characteristics was measured. For several materials, measurement of transparency coefficient was done to calculate more accurate complex permittivity. In this contribution, Experimental results and calculation results are presented.



To calculate the reflection and transmission characteristics from/through the building material, the complex permittivity of construction materials are indispensable.

Radius1　 1m

θθ

Transmitter Antenna Receiver Antenna

Adjuster

Absorber

Incident Angle Wooden made Arch

Styrene Foam

　　Reference Plane

Material under Test

θ

Reflection coefficient measuring system

Complex permittivity of construction materials



Measuring parameter Specification/Condition

Distance 1m

Polarization Linear TE/TM

Incident angle 5º to 80º every 5º

Frequency 62GHz／70GHz

Measuring tool Network analyzer, etc

Measuring reference Al board (1.0m×1.0m×3.0mm)

Measuring parameter & Characteristic of horn antenna

AntennaFrequency

AntennaGain(dBi)

Beam width

E-Polarity H-Polarity

62GHz 29.8 5.5º 6.0º

70GHz 30.7 4.9º 5.4º



Construction Material Seize(length×width×thicknes）

A Glass (Normal type） 1.0m×1.0m×6mm

B Glass (Infrared absorption type） 1.0m×1.0m×6mm

C Glass (Infrared reflection type） 1.0m×1.0m×6mm

D Glass (with wire netting) 1.0m×1.0m×6.8mm

E Plaster board (Wall) 1.8m×0.9m×12.5mm

F Plaster board (Ceiling) 1.0m×1.0m×9.5mm

G Marble（Bianco carrara） 1.0m×1.0m×19.6mm

H Granite (Caledonia) 1.0m×1.0m×25.3mm

I Granite (Zimbabwe black) 1.0m×1.0m×26.2mm

J Lawn of grass (Dry) 0.5m×0.5m×30mm

K Lawn of grass (Wet) 0.6m×0.6m×30mm

Construction materials and SizeThose materials and size are common for Reflection measurement and Transparency measurement

Number A to I are Materials for interior decoration



0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 20 40 60 80

Angle of Incidence [degrees]

Reflection C

oeffic

ient

TE

TM

TE (theory)

TM (theory)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 20 40 60 80


Reflection C

oeffic

ient

TE

TM

TE (theory)

TM (theory)

Plaster board (Ceiling material)　

Glass (Normal)

Reflection Coefficient of Glass & Plaster Board



0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 20 40 60 80


Reflection C

oeffic

ient

TETMTE (theory)TM (theory)

Marble Bianco carrara

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 20 40 60 80


Reflection C

oeffic

ient

TE

TM

TE (theory)

TM (theory)

Granite Caledonia

Reflection Coefficient of Marble Bianco carrara & Granite Caledonia



Reflection Coefficient of Wet lawn(Effective value)

00.1

0.20.3

0.40.5

0.60.7

0.80.9

1

0 20 40 60 80


Reflection C

oeff

icie

nt TE

TM

TE (theory)

TM (theory)

Measured values and estimated result for wet lawn (70GHz)



　　　　MaterialCoefficient

62GHz 70GHz

A Glass (Normal type) 0.674 0.674B Glass (Infrared absorption type) 0.609 0.666C Glass (Infrared reflection type) 0.647 0.678D Glass (with wire netting) 0.647 0.591E Plaster board (Wall) 0.848 0.810F Plaster board (Ceiling) 0.861 0.828

Transparency Coefficient　

On the condition of antennas aligned in vertical and 2m distance, Transparency was measured as comparison with free space loss. Materials are A to F.

Transmitter Receiver

Materials



Complex permittivity

Construction Material 62GHz 70GHzA Glass (Normal type) 6.24-0.17i 6.16-0.13iB Glass (Infrared absorption type) 6.43-0.15i 6.45-0.16iC Glass (Infrared reflection type) 6.30-0.15i 6.14-1.67iD Glass (with wire netting) 6.08-1.27i 6.25-0.17iE Plaster board (Wall) 2.17-0.01i 2.66-0.02iF Plaster board (Ceiling) 2.48-0.03i 2.43-0.04iG Marble（Bianco carrara） 7.90-0.05i 7.40-0.04iH Granite (Caledonia) 4.85-1.42i 4.49-1.29iI Granite (Zimbabwe black) 6.75-0.52i 7.00-0.50iJ Lawn of grass (Dry) 1.00-0.004i 1.00-0.006iK Lawn of grass (Wet) 1.00-0.004i 1.00-0.006i

A-F: Actual value calculated by Reflection coefficient and Transparency coefficient

G-K: Effective value calculated by only Reflection coefficient



There are three types of materials in measurement.① Large influence by back-surface reflection such as Glass,

Plaster board and Marble.- Results show the complicated trace

② Small influence by back-surface reflection such as Granite- Results show very simple trace

③ Small reflection from front surface such as lawn.- Results show similar traces for TE and TM mode.Variation between wet and dry conditions is negligible.

Conclusion of Complex permittivity



Correlation bandwidth



Outline of test site for Correlation band width measurement

1m

2m

　3m

　4m

　5m

ドア

送信側受信側

窓側

壁側

窓側

Receiver Transmitter

Wall

Window



Definition of Correlation bandwidth　

( ) ( )exp( 2 )hf p j f dρ τ π τ τ+∞

−∞∆ = − ∆∫

20.5 ( )Bρ= ∆

Correlation bandwidth is defined by Frequency correlation function

Table 1. Parameters for experiment.

1 mAntenna Height

V, HPolarization15 deg, 30 deg, 60 deg3 dB beam width22 dBi, 16 dBi, 10 dBiAntenna Gain

Wave Guide HornAntenna

2 dBmTransmission power

3 GHzMeasured bandwidth62.5GHz, 70GHzFrequency

HP8510CMeasurement equipment



Distance - Correlation bandwidth characteristic

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 2 3 4 5

距離(m)

相関

帯域

幅(H

z)

60V6015

60V6030

60V6060

60H6015

60H6030

60H6060

Cor

rela

tion

band

wid

th(M

Hz)

Distance m

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 2 3 4 5

距離(m)

相関

帯域

幅(H

z)

70V6015

70V6030

70V6060

70H6015

70H6030

70H6060

Cor

rela

tion

band

wid

th(M

Hz)

Distance m

60GHz 70GHz



Angle difference from Antenna axis - correlation bandwidth

3.E+08

4.E+08

5.E+08

6.E+08

7.E+08

8.E+08

-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35到来波角度(deg)

相対

帯域

幅(H

z)

70v6

70h6送信側

受信側

回転台

回転台操作

ドア

窓側

壁側

窓側

3m

送信側受信側

回転台

回転台操作

ドア

窓側

壁側

窓側

ドア

窓側

壁側

窓側

3m

Turn Table

Incident Angle

Cor

rela

tion

band

wid

th



Correlation bandwidth in LOS／NLOS environment

18m 14m 10m

7m

5m 3m 2m 1m

3m

7m

10m14m18m

Tx ant

Desk side

Rx ant

Rx antTx ant　

Passage side

Outline of test site for correlation bandwidth



60G LOS

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20

Distance(m)

Cohere

nt

bandw

idth

（M

Hz）

Rx 15°

Rx30°

Rx60°

60G Non-LOS

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 5 10 15 20

Distance(m)

Cohere

nt

bandw

idth

（M

Hz）

Rx 15°

Rx30°

Rx60°

Correlation bandwidth results in LOS／NLOS environment



70G 見通し内

-Continue -

70G 見通し外

距離(m)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20

距離(m)

Cohere

nt

bandw

idth

(MH

z）

Rx 15°

Rx30°

Rx60°

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20

Cohere

nt

bandw

idth

（M

Hz）

Rx 15°

Rx30°

Rx60°

Distance Distance70GHz LOS 70GHz Non LOS



60G 15° 30° 60°

3m 700MHz 700MHz 200MHz

70G 15° 30° 60°3m 700MHz 680MHz 200MHz

Conclusion of Correlation bandwidth

Assuming the transmitter antenna beam width as 60 degrees and communication distance 3m, Correlation bandwidth by Antenna beam width can be obtained up to several 100MHz

The value varied by Angle difference of antenna axis.



A Study on Shadowing Characteristics



Agenda of Shadowing Characteristics

1. Characteristics of shadowing effect- Measurement procedure and scenery- Measurement results

2.Characteristics of human movement- Measurement outline- Investigation results

3.Proposal for estimation of shadowing duration4.Conclusions



Measurement Procedure

Measurement layout in the exhibition hall

The width of hall : 22m x 13m

(Wooden inner walls)Exhibition Booth

Rx Antenna Tx Ant.

3.3m10.8m 7.3m

ht

d

Tx AntennaRx Antenna



Measurement Scenery

The exhibition hall scenery

LoS path

h=2.05m

h=1.05m

h=2.05m

h=1.05m

Transmitting Antenna



Parameter for experiment

Measurement Parameter

22dBiAntenna GainWave Guide HornAntenna

VerticalPolarization15degrees3dB beam width

1.05mRx1.05m, 2.05mTxAntenna Height

3.3m, 7.3m, 10.8m

70GHz

Distance

Frequency



Cumulative Probability Distributions of Relative Signal

The averaged data of each propagation distance was described in this figure.

The result of cumulative probability distributions showsa strong consistency between the data of 1.05m and 2.05m.

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0.01.115

102030507080909599

99.999.99

ht=1.05mht=2.05mAveraged

Relative level (dB)

Cum

ulat

ive

prob

abili

ty (%

) Frequency:70.0GHzhr:1.05md:3.3m, 7.3m, 10.8mAnt.:Horn(15degrees)Polarization:Vertical



0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 10 20 30 40 50

d=3.3md=7.3md=10.8m

Ave

rage

d sh

adow

ing

dura

tions

(s)

Attenuation level (dB)

Frequency:70.0GHzht:2.05m, hr:1.05mAnt.:Horn(15degrees)Polarization:Vertical

The Variation of Averaged Shadowing DurationsShadowing duration becomes longer in 3.3mpath in comparison with other paths.



0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 10 20 30 40 50

d=3.3md=7.3md=10.8mAveraged

Ave

rage

d sh

adow

ing

dura

tions

(s)

Attenuation level (dB)

Frequency:70.0GHzht:1.05m, 2.05mhr:1.05mAnt.:Horn(15degrees)Polarization:Vertical

The Variation of Averaged Shadowing Durations

0.52s

All data was included when transmitting antenna height was set at 1m and 2m ,respectively.

The averaged shadowing duration decreasedgradually with an increase in attenuation level.



Characteristics of Human Movement



Outline of Investigation

- It is necessary to make clear not only the averagedshadowing duration but also the characteristics of human movement in the actual environment.

-estimate the total amount of shadowing durationper hour

- We investigated characteristics of human movementin the two offices of different sizes .



Measurement Procedure

★

Path A

Path B

-The width of office : 12m x 13m

-Observed time:08:30～17:00

(2days , 2 offices)

A sample layout of the number of shadowing events



Characteristics of the Number of Shadowing Events Per Hour

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

measured dataN=260Dp

The

num

ber

of sh

adow

ing

even

ts p

er h

our

(N

)

Density of population per one square meter ( Dp)

Regression curve

N=260Dp0.05 < Dp < 0.08

Lunch time

The N increased gradually in proportion with Dp.



Relation Between Level Attenuation and the Number of Persons

All measured data at each distance and heightare included.

0

20

40

60

800 1 2 3 4 5

ht=1.05mht=2.05mAveraged

Att

enua

tion

leve

l (dB

)

Frequency:70.0GHzht:1.05m, 2.05mhr:1.05mAnt.:Horn(15degrees)Polarization:Vertical

An attenuation level increase withthe number of persons.

Received level hardly attenuatedeven if persons exist on propagation path.(ht = 2.0m)



Regression Curve

Lossshadowing=0.43+39.1log(x+1)

Lossshadowing：shadowing loss relative to the free space level

x : the number of persons in the LoS path

0≦x≦5



Proposal for Estimation of Total Amount of Shadowing Durations

-Tsd is expressed as follow

Tsd = Ts_ave × NTsd : total amount of shadowing duration per hourTs_ave : averaged shadowing durationN : the number of shadowing event per hour

- Tsd can be estimated using relation of N and Dp,function of attenuation level.

Tsd = f(LATT) × 260×DpTs_ave : function of attenuation level (Slide30)Dp : density of population (Slide34)



Conclusion-Relation between attenuation level andaveraged shadowing duration were investigated.　- Attenuation = 10dB :　　Shadowing duration is 0.52 s.　- Attenuation = 20dB :　　Shadowing duration is 0.25 s.

- Total amount of shadowing duration per hour　- We proposed that it was estimated by using

attenuation level and density of population. 　- Experimental formula was proposed.



[1]T.Suzuki, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(9)RMS Delay Measurements In Indoor Radio Channels-“TSMMW2002,p-9(2002-03)

[2]N.Sakamoto, et al, “Indoor propagation Experiment at 60GHz and 70GHz-A study of propagation characteristic in an office environment-“ TECNICAL REPORT OF IEICE.RCS2002-3001,pp157-162(2003-03)

[3]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ-(4) (4)Receiving Power Time Variation Characteristics in 70GHz Band Indoor Propagation–“ TSMMW2003,2-4,(2003-03)

[4]F.Ohkubo, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ-(5)Statistical characteristic of shadowing loss due to human movement –“ TSMMW2003,2-5,(2003-03)

[5]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(8)60GHz Band propagation Loss Characteristics Along the Surface of Wooden/Metallic Desk Planes-“ TSMMW2002,p-8(2002-03)

[6]T.Hirose, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(7) Strict Solution of Fresnel Zone Radius and Visibility Estimation-“ TSMMW2002,p-8(2002-03)

Reference



[7]A.Akeyama, et al, “Propagation Characteristics in Indoor Environments” 　2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology (TCWCT2003)

[8] A. Kanazawa, D. Ushiki, and H. Ogawa,　"Practical Propagation Measurements for Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System",　WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 507-511, Oct. 2003.

[9] A. Kanazawa, N. Sakamoto, and H. Ogawa,　"Propagation Measurements for Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System in a train",　WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 512-516, Oct. 2003.

[10] F. Ohkubo, N. Ida, A. Akiyama, A. Kanazawa, H, Ogawa, “A Study on Shadowing Characteristics in Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless Access System” ClimDiff 2003

Fortaleza Brazil, Statistical and Fundamental Modeling of Radio wave Propagation in Wireless Systems Diff.22 1-7, Nov. 2003

[11] A. Kanazawa, H. Ogawa, K. Sakamoto, S. Tago, F. Ohkubo, M. Ida, A. Akeyama, N. Kuribayashi, and T. Hirose,　"Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Construction Materials at 62 GHz and 70 GHz",IEICE, Vol.J87-B, No.3, To be published at Mar. 2004.

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