Japan and the United Japan and the United StatesStates

IslanIslandsds

Hokkaido

Honshu

Shikuku

Kyushu

Okinawa

CitieCitiess Sappor

o

Hiroshima

Kobe Tokyo

Nagasaki

Kyoto

YokohamaNagoya

Osaka

Mt. FujiMt. Fuji

Global Tectonic PlatesGlobal Tectonic PlatesJapan -- On the “Fire RimJapan -- On the “Fire Rim

of the Pacific”of the Pacific”

Japanese Earthquakes: Japanese Earthquakes: 1961-19941961-1994

Tsunamis – Tidal Tsunamis – Tidal WavesWaves

Rice Farmer’s Rice Farmer’s Farmhouse:Farmhouse:

Okutsu Town, Okayama Okutsu Town, Okayama PrefecturePrefecture

Terrace Farming of Terrace Farming of RiceRice

Yamato Period: 300-Yamato Period: 300-710710

Yamato Period: 300-Yamato Period: 300-710710

“Great Kings” era“Great Kings” era

Began promoting the Began promoting the adoption of Chinese adoption of Chinese culture:culture:

Confucianism.Confucianism. Language (Language (kanjikanji characters).characters). Buddhist sects.Buddhist sects. Chinese art & architecture.Chinese art & architecture. Government structure.Government structure.

Began promoting the Began promoting the adoption of Chinese adoption of Chinese culture:culture:

Confucianism.Confucianism. Language (Language (kanjikanji characters).characters). Buddhist sects.Buddhist sects. Chinese art & architecture.Chinese art & architecture. Government structure.Government structure.

Heian PeriodHeian Period: : 794-1156794-1156

Cultural BorrowingCultural Borrowing

Heian PeriodHeian Period: : 794-1156794-1156

Cultural BorrowingCultural Borrowing1.1.Chinese writing.Chinese writing.

2.2.Chinese artistic styles.Chinese artistic styles.

3.3.Buddhism [in the form Buddhism [in the form of of ZEN].ZEN].

4.4.BUT, not the Chinese BUT, not the Chinese civil civil service system! service system!

1.1.Chinese writing.Chinese writing.

2.2.Chinese artistic styles.Chinese artistic styles.

3.3.Buddhism [in the form Buddhism [in the form of of ZEN].ZEN].

4.4.BUT, not the Chinese BUT, not the Chinese civil civil service system! service system!

FeudaFeudal l

SocietSocietyy

FeudaFeudal l

SocietSocietyy

The emperor The emperor reigned, but reigned, but

did not always did not always rule!rule!

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.

Japan:Japan:

A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.

Japan:Japan:

Shogun

Daimyo Daimyo

Samurai Samurai Samurai

Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant

Land - Shoen

Land - Shoen

Protection

Loyalty

Loyalty

Food

Code of Code of BushidoBushidoCode of Code of BushidoBushido

* Fidelity

* Politeness

* Virility

* Simplicity

* Fidelity

* Politeness

* Virility

* Simplicity

Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual SuicideRitual Suicide

Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual SuicideRitual Suicide

Kaishaku – his “seconds”

Kaishaku – his “seconds”

It is honorable to die in this way.

It is honorable to die in this way.

Full Samurai AttireFull Samurai AttireFull Samurai AttireFull Samurai Attire

Samurai SwordSamurai SwordSamurai SwordSamurai Sword

European knightEuropean knight Samurai WarriorSamurai Warrior

vs.vs.

Medieval WarriorsMedieval Warriors

Knight’s ArmorKnight’s Armor Samurai ArmorSamurai Armor

vs.vs.

Medieval WarriorsMedieval Warriors

Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism A Japanese variation of theMahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China.

It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.

Mongol“Invasio

ns”of Japan

Mongol“Invasio

ns”of Japan

4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them.

4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them.

Osaka CastleOsaka Castle

Caernorfon Castle, Wales

Caernorfon Castle, Wales

Warwick Castle, EnglandWarwick Castle, England

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-(1543-1616)1616)

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-(1543-1616)1616) Appointed shogun Appointed shogun

by by the Emperor.the Emperor.

Marriage restrictedMarriage restricted to members of the to members of the same class! same class!

Brought 300 years Brought 300 years of peace and of peace and stability.stability.

Centralized feudal Centralized feudal gpovernment, with gpovernment, with all power all power

Japanese Christians Japanese Christians persecuted and persecuted and Christianity is Christianity is forbidden.forbidden.

Tokugawa Shogunate Economy

Tokugawa Shogunate Economy

Japan closed off to all trade Domestic trade flourishes. Towns, esp. castle towns, increase. Merchant class becomes rich! New art forms haiku poetry, kabuki theater.

Hyper-Nationalism

Hyper-Nationalism

ShintoShintoShintoShinto

PolytheismPolytheism

AncestorWorshipAncestorWorship

The Worldof the kami

The Worldof the kami

Minimizesin &guilt

Minimizesin &guilt

Great

CreatorGreat

Creator

Torii Gate, Miyajima Island

Torii Gate, Miyajima Island

Torii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in Winter

A Tunnel of Torii GatesInari Mt., Kyoto

A Tunnel of Torii GatesInari Mt., Kyoto

Kabuki TheaterKabuki Theater

An interior of a Kabuki theater.An interior of a Kabuki theater.

Chanoyu : Tea Ceremony

Chanoyu : Tea Ceremony

Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper

Folding

Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper

Folding

Origami : Modern Adaptations

Origami : Modern Adaptations

Calligraphy Calligraphy

Calligraphy Calligraphy

Haiku : 17-syllable poem

Haiku : 17-syllable poem

Matsuo BashoMatsuo Basho, Master of , Master of HaikuHaiku

Spring departs.Spring departs.Birds cryBirds cryFishes' eyes are Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.filled with tears.

Japanese Garden for Meditation

Japanese Garden for Meditation

Japanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen Garden

Japanese Sand Garden

Japanese Sand Garden