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Page 1: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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Page 2: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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. () 8 73 1 ) � 73 . *() . 2/ �- 3 � 8 7) 1 � A�)9 8 D ���� � � � �� � ��� D�- . - / 9 . 1 ) ? � 735 ) � 7. 0 ) 1 73 �- 8 7. 8 + �3 - ) . 1 1 �, ) 1 . �) � A. 1 +9 () 1 � * 8 1 3 -�3 A3 *)0 15 . 9 ) 1 . - 2) * *+5 8 +9 35 ) (. 8 3 ( 1 ? 8 7) - 8 7) A. 1 +9 8)9 7- + �) 1 �1 ) 2 +- 8 7)

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. 0 . + *. A *) �+9 � */ (. 8 7) ( 8 7. - �+ 8 7 *3 - 6 ) ( 8 +, ) �3 (. , 3 () 5 3 *+1 7) 2, . - �19 ( +5 8 D�- )0 + 8. A */ ? . 1 A) � 8 1 . �( 1 8 2(. �8? 8 7) () �+ * * A) ( 3 �6 7) 26 ) 1 . - 23 � 8 ( +6 78 ) ( ( 3 ( 1 D� 735 ) - 3 - ) 3 � 8 7) 1 ) . () 1 ) ( +3 �1 . - 2 �3 � * 2. 5 5 ()9 +. 8) . - / 9 3 ( ()9 8 +3 - 1 . - 2

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) �. , 5 *) +1 8 7) ) �. 8 +3 - �1 ) 2 A/ #. 1 7 8 3 5 ( 30 ) +1 3 , ) 8 ( +9 ) , A) 2 2 +- 6 () 1 � * 8 1 %373 �)0 ) ( , . - / 3 � 8 7) . 5 5 *+9 . 8 +3 - 1 +-0 3 *0 ) 3 - */ ) * *+5 8 +9 3 (5 . (. A3 *+9 ) �. 8 +3 - 1 D13 ( 8 7+1 , . 8) ( +. * � 7. 0 ) 1 +, 5 */ +- 1 ) ( 8) 2. 1 *+6 78 */ , 3 2 + �) 20 ) ( 1 +3 - 3 �. - 5 5 ) - 2 + � � �( 3 8) �3 ( 8 7) A3 3 � , )) Z - D � 7+1 A3 3 � , . / . *1 3 A) 9 3 - 1 � * 8) 2 �3 (A. 1 +9 �3 ( , � *. 1 +- 6 ) 3 , ) 8 (/ D [ 8 1 3 , ) 5 *. 9 ) 1 ? � 7. 0 ) . 2 2) 2 1 �5 5 *) , ) - 8. (/+- �3 ( , . 8 +3 - 8 7. 8 �+ * * A) �1 ) 2 *. 8) ( +- 8 7) *)9 8 �() 1 D � 1 �6 6 ) 1 8 8 7. 8 3 - ) 1 73 � * 2

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Page 3: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

. 5 5 ( 35 ( +. 8) A3 �- 2. (/ 9 3 - 2 + 8 +3 - 1 D �- ) 9 . - . *1 3 ) *+, +- . 8) , 3 1 8 3 � 8 7) 9 3 , 5 *+9 . 8 +3 - 1 +- 8 7+- �+- 6 . A3 � 8 , . - + �3 * 21 A/ () 1 8 ( +9 8 +- 6 . 8 8) - 8 +3 - 8 3 8 7) 8 �32 +, ) - 1 +3 -. * 8 3 ( �1 �+ 8 7 + 8 1 W �9 *+ 2) . - , ) 8 ( +9 ? 1 3 8 7) C. 5 *. 9 +. - +1 8 7) A. 1 +9

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c / " t ` p ` A ti g 8^ gr o `s u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u E �

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uH q 8^ gr i _ j f^ b " t `^ _ ` g u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u $ F

u � H^ b o j b `i _ &i _i h^ o j c !1 n i l j^ b f u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u $ G

u # q @ j f l^ a " ` c t b j 1 n ` f u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u $ G

F (I � 3 � � � � �J K� �LM � F F

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H u E 8^ gr o `s � l _n c l n _ ` f u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � G

i / 8^ gr o `s � l _ n c l n _ ` f^ b [ \ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � Gh / 8^ gr o `s � l _ n c l n _ ` f^ b [ \\ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � E

H u & _ ` f c _ j h j b k = i n f f i b p � ci oi _ 8 n _ B i l n _ ` u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � $

H u $ & _ ` f c _ j h j b k l t ` A j c c j " ` b f^ _ @^ ci o o m u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � #

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�u E " t ` ei gi h ` & _^ h o ` gd q b i o m l j c &i _ l u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u # �

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d aM �� � f � � K b � � � � � � � g � � bM c � �M 5 F

# u � �b l _^ p n c l j^ b u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u 6 $

# u G 8^ gr i c l � n _ ai c ` f u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u 6 $

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6 u G &^ f j l j B ` ! j b f l ` j b 0 ` l _ j c f^ b ] _ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � F G

6 u E h �i t o ` _< ! j b f l ` j b 0 ` l _ j c f u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � F

i / �^ g ` hi c ik _^ n b p^ b h �i t o ` _k `^ g ` l _ m u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � F h / 8 i oi h j j f & _^ h o ` gC l t ` a^ _ gn oi l j^ b u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � FH

c / h �i t o ` _< ! j b f l ` j b g ` l _ j c f u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � F �

p / 8^ gr o `s 0^ b k `< q gr k ` _ ` ` 1 n i l j^ b f C !s j f l `b c ` u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u � F #

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r i _ l & / hm n f j b k l t ` *, >& �^ a d p ` + b ` p % n f l i f a^ _ gi l _ j c ` fu ] _^ g r i _ l � / d c^ i ` _ Pi ` _ � d f^ d hm r i _ l$ / l t ` j b p `s j f i + b j l `u &i _ l & / i f f ` _ l f l ti l i f ci oi _ ` o o jr l j c^ r ` _i l^ _ ti fj b p `s P F u ]^ _ l t ` k ` b ` _i o ci f `^ a i ] _ ` p t^ o g^ r ` _i l^ _ , d i c _ j l j ci o^ h f ` _B i l j^ b @i fl ti l j b p `s , d @ t j c t j f^ hB j^ n f o m i b j b l `k ` _d p^ ` f b^ l c ti b k ` j a^ b ` p ` a^ _ g f l t `^ r ` _i l^ _

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�u 0u = ` o ai b p l^ f n k k ` f l l ti l l t ` _ ` f t^ n o p h ` i a^ _ gn oi a^ _ j b p `s j b l ` _ g f^ a l^ r^ o^ k j ci opi l i ^ a l t ` B ` c l^ _ h n b p o ` i b p l t ` f m g h^ o^ a l t `^ r ` _i l^ _u q l j m i t < � j b k ` _ a^ n b p l ti la^ _ gn oi u " t ` _ ` f n o l ti f h ` ` b `b^ _ g^ n f o m r^ @ ` _ an o i b p n f ` an ou q g^ b k ^ l t ` _ l t j b k fed l t j fa^ _ gn oi k ` b ` _i o jA ` p l t ` A j ` gi b b < A^ c t l t `^ _ ` gu �b � ` c l j^ b G u � @ ` @ j o o f i ` l c t l t ` + _ f l

f l `r ^ a^ b ` i r r _^ i c t l^ r _^ B j b k l t ` q l j m i t < � j b k ` _ j b p `s l t `^ _ ` gu� l j f `i f m l^ f ` ` l ti l a^ _ i o j b `i _ ` o o jr l j c^ r ` _i l^ _ d i o o l t ` j b a^ _ gi l j^ b c^ b c ` _ b j b kl t ` j b p `s j f c^ b li j b ` p j b j l f f m g h^ ou � a C � \N_ � ( , \ ti f^ _ p ` _ � d @ ` ci b @ _ j l ` i f P � � 9 d @ t ` _ ` � j b B^ o B ` f^ b o m p ` _ j B i l j B ` f^ a^ _ p ` _ � @ t j o ` 9 c^ b l i j b f i o o l t `o^ @ ` _^ _ p ` _ p ` _ j B i l j B ` feu 9 ` ci n f ` 9 C � \_ � � b ( , \ j f c^ b l j b n^ n f i b p � \N_ �7 ( � \_ � � b j f

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i b p �^ h^ o `B fr i c ` feu q o l t^ n k t @ ` i _ ` f l j o o i f f n g j b k l t ` c^ ` J c j ` b l f j b ^ n _^ r ` _i l^ _ i _ `f g^ ^ l td l t ` _ ` i _ ` f j g j oi _ B ` _ f j^ b f j b g^ _ `k `b ` _i o f j l n i l j^ b feu � ` _ ` @ ` i o f^ `s l `b p r i _ l^ a

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i b p= j b l t `, \ . / j b b ` _ r _^ p n c l= j gi k ` � j f^ _ l t^ k ^ b i o l^ i ` _ . P i ` _ � / d hm . * /

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f j g j oi _ `1 n i l j^ b f^ b B ` c l^ _ h n b p o ` feu 9^ c t b ` _ i b p^ l t ` _ f ti B ` n f ` p j l ` G ` c l j B ` o m l^ r _^ B `" B i b j f t j b k l t `^ _ ` g f # j b k `^ g ` l _ m u � ` ` 8 ti r l ` _ E h ` o^ @u�b l t j f `s i gr o `ed P � u " tn f i ` _ � P F X @ ` c^ b c o n p ` l ti l a^ _ i b m Q0 � � . ] /

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Page 16: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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A ` l n _b j b k l^ ^ n _ ` jk ` b B i o n ` r _^ h o ` gd f j b c ` l t ` O ^ � i _ ` j b i h^ n b p ` p f ` l j b � b dl t ` _ ` j f i f n h f `1 n `b c `ed @ t j c t @ ` _ ` oi h ` o O ^ d l ti l c^ b B ` _k ` f @ `i i o m l^ f^ g ` ! j b � b u0^ _ `^ B ` _d hm l t ` �^ h^ o ` B ` g h ` p p j b k l t `^ _ ` g .i c l n i o o m d i b ^ o p ` _ _ ` f n o l p n ` l^ A ` o o j c t / l t `

` g h ` p p j b k ^ a � b j b , \ j f c^ gr i c l d i b p d i f j f `i f j o m r _^ B ` p d j b i � j o h ` _ l fr i c `d c^ gr i c l

^ r ` _i l^ _ f gi r @ `i i o m c^ b B ` _k ` b l f ` 1 n ` b c ` f l^ f `1 n `b c ` f l ti l c^ b B ` _k ` j b b^ _ gu " tn fl t ` f ` 1 n ` b c ` O ^ i o f^ c^ b B ` _k ` f l^ O j b , \ u " t j f j gr o j ` f l ti l / O / P � i b p d h m o^ @ ` _f ` g j c^ b l j b n j l m d / �O / � o j g j b a / �O ^ / P

�^ @ ` B ` _d a _^ g . Eu # / @ ` i o f^ ib^ @ l ti l / � O / 1 u " t ` _ ` a^ _ ` / �O / P f^ O k j B ` f l t `p ` f j _ ` p g j b j gn gu q o f^ d l t ` @ `i i c^ b B ` _k `b c ` j b � b j gr o j ` f l ti l a^ _ i b m ! j b � b @ `ti B ` F P o j g 9 � �O ^ �! � > � O ^ ! � ; P 9 � �O� �! � > � O� ! � ; . Eu � F /

l ti l j f d F PO#

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r i _ l f i b p c^ b c o n p ` l ti l O#

. NO � O / ! S RZ P F

a^ _ i o o ! j b � b d i b p t ` b c ` l ti l NO � O P F f^ O @^ n o p h ` l t ` p ` f j _ ` p ` jk ` b an b c l j^ b u9 ` ci n f `^ a l t j f d i an b c l j^ b O l ti l fi l j f + ` f . Eu � � / a^ _ i o o ! j b � b j f ci o o ` p i # &$ � % + 7( ) *+ ,

^ a NO � O P F u"^ f t^ @ l ti l l t j f @ `i i f^ o n l j^ b j f i f g^ ^ l t f^ o n l j^ b d @ ` n f l t `^ h f ` _B i l j^ b l ti ll t ` b n o o fr i c `^ a, � C P > N � � � j f A ` _^ . f ` ` !s i gr o ` G u 6 / u " tn f hm l t ` ] _ ` p t^ o gi o l ` _ b i l j B `ed f j b c ` O 0 � b l t ` _ ` j f i n b j 1 n ` f^ o n l j^ b � 0 � _ ^ a, � P . � � / O u . `

c oi j g l ti l O P � d i b p t `b c ` l ti l O 0 � _ u "^ r _^ B ` l ti l O P � d o ` l � P � > O 0 � b u� j b c ` O j f i @ `i i f^ o n l j^ b ^ a, � P . � � / O d l t ` b � j f i @ `i i f^ o n l j^ b ^ a, � P F d l ti lj f O#

9 ��Y �! � � ! ;S RZ P F

a^ _ i o o ! 0 � b u �b r i _ l j c n oi _d o ` l l j b k ! P � d @ ` f ` ` l ti l � P F u " t j f r _^ B ` f l ti l l t `

@ `i i f^ o n l j^ b O j f j b � _ u H^ @ @ ` ci b n f ` l t ` h^ ^ l f l _i r r _^ c ` p n _ `^ a !s i gr o ` G u $ l^

c^ b c o n p ` l ti l O j f l t ` p ` f j _ ` p f g^ ^ l t ` jk ` b an b c l j^ b u . ` oi h ` o l t j f ` jk ` b an b c l j^ b � ? D b u

#J K . , \ �� � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � ��� �� �� � �� � � u@ ` l � h ` l t ` . f ` o a< i p%^ j b l /^ _ l t^ k ^ b i o r _^ % ` c l j^ b ^ b l^ l t ` ` jk `b fr i c ` fr i b b ` p h ml t ` + _ f l ` jk ` b an b c l j^ b f � Q P >

^ > �� Q �^ � �^�

. ` @ j f t l^ f t^ @ l ti l l t ` Q > � Q ( F i f ( � u . ` @ j o o + _ f l r _^ B ` l t j f a^ _ i b mQ0 � \ u 9 m p ` + b j l j^ b ^ a � D b . f ` ` . Eu # / / @ ` ib^ @ l ti l a^ _ i b m Q0 � \

/ Q > � Q / \ � � � D b

� N . Q > � Q / Q > � Q �� . Eu � G /

H^ @ j l j f `i f m l^ B ` _ j am d % n f l i f j b o j b `i _ i ok ` h _i d l ti l^ b an b c l j^ b f j b � \ @ ` ti B `N � P � N u " tn f d j a Q0 � \ @ ` ib^ @ � N � Q Q > � Q � P F f^ l ti l

� N . Q > � Q / Q > � Q � P � N Q Q > � Q �

P / � Q / \ > / � � Q / \ � / � Q / \�

�b `1 n i l j^ b . Eu � G / d n f ` l t j f i b p l t ` ai c l l ti l � D b ( � l^ r _^ B ` c^ gr o ` l `b ` f f a^ _an b c l j^ b f j b � \ u " t j f i o f^ f t^ @ f l ti l

/ Q / \ > / � Q / \ P / Q > � Q / \ > ( F��

"^ `s l `b p l t j f c^ gr o ` l ` b ` f f r _^ ^ a l^ i o o an b c l j^ b f Q 0 , \ d @ ` n f ` l ti l f g^ ^ l tan b c l j^ b f i _ ` p ` b f ` j b , \ u " tn f d l t ` _ ` j f i f g^ ^ l t an b c l j^ b � f^ l ti l / Q > � / # b \� u& j c i f^ l ti l / � > � � / # b \� u � j b c ` . Q > � Q / � . Q > � / a^ _ i b m � d l t `

& m l ti k ^ _ `i b l t `^ _ ` gk j B ` f l t ` " h ` f l , \ i r r _^ s j gi l j^ b r _^ r ` _ l m #

/ Q > � Q / \ P / Q > � � / \ > / � . Q > � / / \ � / Q > � � / \� . Eu � E /

" t ` _ ` a^ _ ` / Q > � Q / � / Q > � � / � / Q > � / � / � > � � / #� �

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]^ _ f g^ ^ l t an b c l j^ b f Q d l t ` j _ ` jk `b an b c l j^ b `s r i b f j^ b f c^ b B ` _k ` j b �^ a^ _ i o o d@ t j o ` a^ _ o ` f f f g^ ^ l t an b c l j^ b f d l t ` c^ b B ` _k ` b c ` j f^ b o m a^ _ c ` _ l i j b u 9 m l t ` �^ h^ o ` B�b ` 1 n i o j l m . � u GH / d l t j f @ j o o h ` i c^ b f ` 1 n ` b c `^ a l t ` g^ _ ` r _ ` c j f ` f li l ` g ` b l l ti l * � Q0 � ?

) 2 &, ) 2 & & *$ &, �( , 6 ) *+ , & �?$ , % *+ , 6 + , %& 5$ & % *, � ? u �b � l `r $ i h^ B ` @ ` p j p l t ` ci f ` T P F u" t ` ` f f `b l ji o j b k _ ` p j `b l j f l ti l a^ _ f g^ ^ l t an b c l j^ b f @ ` ci b n f ` l t ` j b B ` _ l j h o ` ` o o jr l j c^ r ` _i l^ _ > N � � . @ t j c t @ ` i o f^ n f ` p i h^ B ` / l^ p ` + b ` i b^ _ g ` 1 n j B i o ` b l l^ l t ` � ? b^ _ gu�b a^ _ gi o o m d @ ` @^ n o p o j i ` l^ p ` + b ` i + _ f l^ _ p ` _^ r ` _i l^ _ 9 P .> N � � / b A \ i b p l t `b o ` l

� O� ! �� 2 P � 9 ? O� 9 ? ! ��

. t j o `^ b ` ci b p ` B ` o^ r i n f ` an o a^ _ gi o j f g l^ p ` + b ` f n c t i b ^ r ` _i l^ _ 9 d i b$ > 2+ 6 r _^ <c ` p n _ ` j f i p ` 1 n i l ` a^ _^ n _ j g g ` p ji l ` b ` ` p feu ]^ _ f g^ ^ l t an b c l j^ b f l t ` i h^ B ` a^ _ gn oi

k j B ` f � O� ! �� 2 P �SO� .> N � � / ? ! �� . Eu � /

i b p @ ` ci b l _ `i l l t ` ci f ` f T `B ` b i b p T^ p p f `r i _i l ` o m u

� & %&, u � a T d T P G K d @ ` p ` + b ` l t ` j b b ` _ r _^ p n c l l^ h `

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f^ l t ` c^ _ _ ` fr^ b p j b k b^ _ g j f/ O / � 2 P / .> N � � /A O /�

" t ` hi f j c, \ j b `1 n i o j l j ` f a^ _ ` o o jr l j c^ r ` _i l^ _ f j b " t `^ _ ` g G u G l ` o o f n f l ti l l t j f p ` + b j l j^ b

^ a l t ` b^ _ g j f `1 n j B i o `b l l^ i b m ^ l t ` _u

� + > > � a T P G K � �^ b ` ci b n f ` l t ` T & %&, ci f ` l^ p ` + b ` l t ` j b b ` _ r _^ p n c l

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f^ / O / \� 2 P / .> N � � /A O / \ � / � .> N � � /A O / \ P / O / \� R� � / �O / \� R�

]^ _ f g^ ^ l t an b c l j^ b f d j a T j f `B ` b ^ _^ p p l t ` f ` i k _ ` ` @ j l t . Eu � / u " tn f d a^ _ i f g^ ^ l tan b c l j^ b Q d o ` l O P .> N � � / ? Q u � j b c ` N � P � N d l t ` � c t @i _A j b ` 1 n i o j l m i r r o j ` p l^. Eu � / l t `b k j B ` f / Q > � Q / \� 2 � / Q > � Q / / O > � O /�

i b p @ ` ib^ @ l t ` oi f l l ` _ g l ` b p f l^ A ` _^ hm l t ` , \ c^ gr o ` l ` b ` f f . j b ai c l d h^ l t ai c l^ _ fl ` b p l^ A ` _^ / u � a Q j f b^ l f g^ ^ l t h n l^ b o m j b f^ g ` � ? d l t ` b @ ` ci b i r r _^ s j gi l ` j lh m i f g^ ^ l t an b c l j^ b � % n f l i f i l l t ` ` b p^ a � l `r $ d ^ b o m _ `r oi c j b k . E u � E / hm l t ` fi g `

i f f ` _ l j^ b j b l t ` � ? b^ _ gX t ` _ ` @ ` i k i j b n f ` . Q > � Q / � . Q > � / d^ b o m l t j f l j g ` j bl t ` � ? j b b ` _ r _^ p n c l u " t j f c^ gr o ` l ` f l t ` r _^ ^ au T

]^ _ % < a^ _ g f @ j l t % 1 � d i f @ ` fi @ j b l t ` r _ `B j^ n f f ` c l j^ b d l t ` ` jk `b fr i c ` c^ _ _ `<fr^ b p j b k l^ A ` _^ ` jk ` b B i o n ` j f % n f l l t ` fr i c ` � -^ a ti _ g^ b j c % < a^ _ g feu � l f p j g `b f j^ b j f il^ r^ o^ k j ci o j b B i _ ji b l u " t ` _ ` i _ ` f ` B ` _i o @i m f l^ r _^ B ` l t ` i h^ B ` l t `^ _ ` g c^ b c ` _ b j b k l t `

` jk ` b B i o n ` f i b p ` jk `b an b c l j^ b feu ; b ` j f l^ n f ` l t ` �& * ) �&, � *+ 6 � �+ 5 <( 7$ % . f ` ` .� � / d @ t j c tf l i l ` f l ti l l t ` @i r oi c ji b ^ b l t ` fr i c ` - -^ a f g^ ^ l t % < a^ _ g f ci b h ` @ _ j l l `b i f b

N$ P �� �$ > �$

b A ` ci o o l ti l a^ _ l t j f �^ pk ` @i r oi c ji b @ ` _ ` B ` _ f ` l t ` f jk b d f^ j b l t ` ci f `^ a an b c l j^ b f

^ b [ j l j f > O � � u

Page 23: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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� < a^ _ g f d @ t ` _ ` � j f f j gr o m l t ` A j c c j c n _ B i l n _ `u B f j b k l t j f a^ _ gn oi l t ` i h^ B ` r _^ ^ ak ^ ` fl t _^ n k t @ j l t^ n l c ti b k `uq b i o l ` _ b i l ` i r r _^ i c td @ t j c t^ b ` c^ n o p i o f^ n f ` a^ _ l t ` ci f ` @ ` l _ `i l ` pd j f l^ n f `

g^ _ ` f m f l ` gi l j ci o o m l t ` ai c l l ti l l t `^ r ` _i l^ _ , P > N � � C � ? D \ ( � ? j f j b B ` _ l j h o `u@ ` l � h ` l t ` j b B ` _ f `^ r ` _i l^ _ . @ ` n f ` � f j b c ` l t ` j b B ` _ f `^ a @i r oi c `< l m r `^ r ` _i l^ _ f i _ `a _ ` 1 n ` b l o m b i g ` p = _ ` ` b j f^ r ` _i l^ _ f / u " t `b j f i b ` jk ` b B ` c l^ _^ a > N j a i b p^ b o m j a

� � j f i b ` jk ` b B i o n `^ a, d @ t j c t j f l _ n ` j a i b p^ b o m j a � 9 . � � / j f i b ` jk ` b B i o n `^ a � u0^ _ `^ B ` _d � ti f l t ` fi g ` ` jk ` b an b c l j^ b f i f p^ ` f N u " t ` n f ` an o b ` f f^ a � j f h ` ci n f ` @ `ci b i o f^ @ _ j l ` � C � ? � 8 �> ( � ? D \ B\ �7 > ( � ?

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b i l n _i o j b c o n f j^ b j f i c^ gr i c l^ r ` _i l^ _d l t ` f ` o a< i p %^ j b l^ r ` _i l^ _ � C � ? ( � ? j f i

c^ gr i c l^ r ` _i l^ _u ; b ` ci b l t ` b j g g ` p ji l ` o m i r r o m l t ` fr ` c l _i o l t `^ _m ^ a f ` o a< i p %^ j b l

c^ gr i c l^ r ` _i l^ _ f l^ � i b p c^ b f `1 n `b l o m ^ h l i j b l t ` fr ` c l _i o j b a^ _ gi l j^ b a^ _ l t ` @i r oi <c ji b u " t ` _ ` f n o l j b k r _^ ^ a j f b^ l B ` _ m p j G ` _ ` b l a _^ g l ti l k j B `b i h^ B `u . ` ti B ` r _ ` a ` _ _ ` pl t ` g^ _ ` p j _ ` c l i r r _^ i c t i h^ B ` f j b c ` j l n f ` f j p `i f a _^ g l t ` ci o c n o n f^ a B i _ ji l j^ b fed @ t j c t

@ ` @ j o o g ` ` l i k i j b j b 8 ti r l ` _ $ u G u

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9^ c t b ` _ 9 9^ ; gi p ` f ` B ` _i o k `^ g ` l _ j c i r r o j ci l j^ b f^ a l t ` n b j 1 n `b ` f f r _^ ^ a f @ ` k i B ` j b

!s i gr o ` G u 6 u . ` @ j o ok j B ` l @^ ^ a l t ` gd f j b c ` h^ l t l t ` l ` c t b j 1 n ` i b p _ ` f n o l f i _ ` j b l ` _ ` f l j b k u

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k _^ n r f^ a j f^ g ` l _ j ` fu �b i o o^ a l t ` f ` ci f ` f l t ` _ ` i _ ` r^ j b l f @ t ` _ ` l t ` c n _ B i l n _ ` j f r^ f j l j B `

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b `k i l j B ` A j c c j c n _B i l n _ `d l t ` b j l ci b b^ l ti B ` i ^ b ` r i _i g ` l ` _k _^ n r ^ a j f^ g ` l _ j ` fu; b ` f n _r _ j f ` j f l ti l l t j f l t `^ _ ` g j f b^ l p j J c n o l l^ r _^ B `u � i m �� C . ] W / ( . ] W /j f i ^ b `< r i _i g ` l ` _ ai g j o m ^ a j f^ g ` l _ j ` f a^ _ " 0 .>� � / u . ` @ j o o b ` ` p l t ` *, *, * )& % * <$ 7

$ &, & 5$ )+ 5 ^ a i ^ b `< r i _i g ` l ` _ ai g j o m ^ a gi r f �� C ] ( ] @ j l t �� ]� a M P j p d l t `j p `b l j l m gi r u " t ` j b + b l ` f f j gi ok `b ` _i l^ _ j f l t ` B ` c l^ _ + ` o p� P S �� 9S " ]� a M u . ` h `k j b h m^ h f ` _ B j b k l ti l j a� j f l t ` j b + b j l ` f f j gi ok `b ` _i l^ _^ a i ^ b `< r i _i g ` l ` _ ai g j o m ^ a j f^ g ` l _ j ` f dl t ` b l t ` @ j ` p ` _ j B i l j B `d , � W C P ��� ��� . W / P F u �b l `b f^ _ b^ l i l j^ b @ ` @ j o o f t^ @ l ti l l t j fg `i b f

� B � ^ �� ^ � B P F . Eu � $ /

@ t ` _ ` l t ` f ` g j c^ o^ b X j b p j ci l ` f c^ B i _ ji b l p j G ` _ ` b l ji l j^ b u q B ` c l^ _ + ` o p ti B j b k l t ` r _^ r <` _ lm . Eu � $ / j f ci o o ` p i � *7 7 *, $ %& 6 )+ 5 *& 7 > u ]^ _ f j gr o j c j l m d @ ` @ j o o r _^ B ` . Eu � $ / p j _ ` c l o m

@ j l t^ n l j b l _^ p n c j b k l t ` oi b k n i k `^ a @ j ` p ` _ j B i l j B ` feuH^ l ` l ti l j b o^ ci o c^ ^ _ p j b i l ` f d n b p ` _ l t ` gi r R B P � B� . ! / l t ` g ` l _ j c W P � W B^ S R BS R ^h ` c^ g ` f

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c^ ^ _ p j b i l `u "^ j b l ` _r _ ` l l t j f @ ` n f ` A j ` gi b b ji b b^ _ gi o c^ ^ _ p j b i l ` f i l R d f^ l ti l i l l t `

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l t ` `s l ` _ j^ _ i ok ` h _i ^ a i B ` c l^ _ fr i c ` j f 1 n j l ` f j g j oi _d h n l j l p^ ` f b^ l n f ` l t ` j b b ` _ r _^ p n c l u] _^ g l t j f c^ b f l _ n c l j^ b j l j f c o `i _ l ti l l t ` p j g `b f j^ b ^ a �\ j f G \ d l ti l j f \ P G \ X j a

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fi g ` c^ b f l _n c l j^ b i l ` B ` _ m r^ j b l d _ `r oi c j b k � h m l t ` l i b k ` b l fr i c ` feu � a^ b ` ci b p^ l t j f dl t ` b ^ b `^ h l i j b f l t ` B ` c l^ _ fr i c `^ a fr j b^ _ f i l ` B ` _m r^ j b l d i b p l t ` gi b j a^ o p j f ci o o ` p i

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Page 30: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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8 ti r l ` _ $ h ` o^ @uC6 2$ ( >& 5 � * �& > �+ *, ) + 2& + 5 & <u ; b ` r _^ B ` f l ti l .SR� / \ O / P F ti f i f^ o n l j^ b hm f t^ @ j b kl ti l i _ ` oi l ` p ` 1 n i l j^ b j b B^ o B j b k i c^ gr i c l^ r ` _i l^ _ ti f i +s ` p r^ j b l . l t j f j f i b `s l `b f j^ b

^ a l t ` 9 _^ n @ ` _ ] js ` p &^ j b l " t `^ _ ` g / u ]^ _ `s i gr o `d l^ r _^ B ` l t ` `s j f l `b c `^ a i f^ o n l j^ b^ a i f ` c^ b p^ _ p ` _ 1 n i f j o j b `i _ `1 n i l j^ b ^ b ` g jk t l r _^ c ` ` p i f a^ o o^ @ feu = j B ` b i an b c l j^ b ! do ` l O P 8 .�! / h ` l t ` f^ o n l j^ b ^ a l t ` o j b `i _ r _^ h o ` g . f^ @ ` i _ ` i f f n g j b k 7 *, &$ 5 f^ o B i h j o j l m /

>3" 3> \ " .R /A ! / / " O P Q .R� /A ! / @ t ` _ ` K � �� . u � 6 /

q +s ` p r^ j b l O P 8 . O / j f l t `b i f^ o n l j^ b ^ a l t ` c^ _ _ ` fr^ b p j b k 1 n i f j o j b `i _ `1 n i l j^ b u H^ l `l ti l 8 C � b _ � ( � \N_ �7 ( � b _ � j f i c^ gr i c l^ r ` _i l^ _ f j b c ` l t ` j b c o n f j^ b � \N_ �7 ( � b _ �

j f c^ gr i c l u "^ i r r o m l t ` g ` l t^ pd ^ b ` i r r _^ i c t j f l^ + b p i hi o o 8 P O C / O / � � �j b � b _ � i b p f t^ @ l ti l 8 C 8 ( 8X l tn f d ^ b ` @i b l f l^ f t^ @ l ti l j a / ! / � � l t ` b/ O / P / 8 .�! / / � � d ju `u d + b p i b$ ? 5 *+ 5 * �+( , >^ b f^ o n l j^ b f^ a 8 .! / P O u ; h f ` _B ` l ti lj b . u � 6 /^ b ` ci b r n l f^ g `^ a l t ` l ` _ g f j b B^ o B j b k ^ b o m * 5 % ) p ` _ j B i l j B ` f^ b ` j l t ` _ f j p `^ a

l t ` ` 1 n i l j^ b u " t j f 8 `s j h j o j l m j f a _ `1 n `b l o m `s r o^ j l ` pu ]^ _ `s i gr o ` f i b p f^ g ` g^ p j + ` p

B ` _ f j^ b f d f ` ` 8 ti r l ` _ $ u h ` o^ @d i f @ ` o o i f 9 8 � ; d 9 = "d 8 ti r l ` _ � F ; d i b p 9 H< E ; u@& 5$ . C6 2$ ( >& 5 4 &$ 5 & & u " t j f j f f j g j oi _ l^ . h n l g^ _ ` c^ gr o j ci l ` p l ti b / l t ` +s ` p r^ j b li r r _^ i c tu � l j f i b `s l ` b f j^ b ^ a l t ` 9 _^ n @ ` _ p `k _ ` ` l^ 9 i b i c t fr i c ` fu � ` ` 8 ti r l ` _ $ u

i b p 9 H < E ; uC( �$ , > C( ? & 5 % + 7( ) *+ , %u . t j o `^ b o m i r r o m j b k l^ f ` c^ b p^ _ p ` _ f ci oi _ `1 n i l j^ b f d l t j f g ` l t^ p

j f^ a l `b 1 n j l ` f j gr o `= @ t ` b j l @^ _ i fu q an b c l j^ b O � j f ci o o ` p i %( � % + 7( ) *+ , ^ a > N O PQ .SR� O / j a > NO � � Q .R O � / d @ j l t l t ` j b ` 1 n i o j l m _ `B ` _ f ` p a^ _ i %( ? & 5 % + 7( ) *+, O D u � a l t ` _ `i _ ` O � @ j l t O � � O D d l t ` b l t ` _ ` j f i f^ o n l j^ b O @ j l t O � � O � O D u q f i b `i f m f j gr o `j o o n f l _i l j^ b d^ b ` ci b n f ` c^ b f l i b l f a^ _ O � j b l t ` ` 1 n i l j^ b NO P > � � Q .R /U V d i f f n g j b kl ti l Q3 F d l tn f r _^ B j b k l t ` `s j f l ` b c `^ a i f^ o n l j^ b . @ t j c t j f n b j 1 n `d f j b c ` j a � P O > ! d@ t ` _ ` O i b p ! i _ ` f^ o n l j^ b fed l t ` b N � P > � .R / � a^ _ f^ g ` an b c l j^ b �3 F X t ` b c ` � P Fh m ^ n _ p j f c n f f j^ b ^ a . G u � E / u 0^ _ ` c^ gr o j ci l ` p ci f ` f i _ ` p j f c n f f ` p j b 8 ti r l ` _ $ u $ i b p

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,+ , + )+, *6 * ). u " t j f g ` l t^ p i r r o j ` f l^ f^ g ` 1 n i f j o j b `i _ `1 n i l j^ b f l ti l p^ b^ l 1 n j l ` + l j bl t ` ci o c n o n f^ a B i _ ji l j^ b f i r r _^ i c tu � ` ` 9 0^ d � $ u � G ; u)&$ ) �' ( $ ) *+, u ; b ` f^ o B ` f l t ` " t `i l ` 1 n i l j^ b # /O 9 / " P .SR� / ? O / i b p f t^ @ f l ti l i f" ( � l t ` f^ o n l j^ b i r r _^ i c t ` f " ` 1 n j o j h _ j n gu # " t ` b /O 9 / " ( F d i b p j b l t ` o j g j l^ b `

^ h l i j b f i f^ o n l j^ b ^ a .SR� / ? O / P F u q b^ li h o ` i r r o j ci l j^ b 9 ! � ; j f l^ r _^ B ` l t ` `s j f l ` b c `^ a ti _ g^ b j c gi r f . f ` ` i o f^ 9 ! @ ; / u q b^ l t ` _ i r r o j ci l j^ b j f l t ` _ ` c ` b l _ ` f n o l 9 �< G ; d @ t j c tj f i o f^ p j f c n f f ` p j b 8 ti r l ` _ 6 u G u q f j gr o ` j o o n f l _i l j B ` `s i gr o `^ a l t ` g ` l t^ p j f k j B ` b j b8 ti r l ` _ $ uH u

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`s j f l `b c ` r _^ ^ a f a^ _ l t ` 0 j b i^ @ f i j & _^ h o ` gu � ` ` 9 & < � d G ; i b p 9 8 e ; uC )& & ? & % ) 4 & % 6 &, )u " t j f j f i b i o l ` _b i l ` l^ l t ` ci o c n o n f^ a B i _ ji l j^ b feu "^ g j b j g jA ` i an b c<l j^ b i o= i b p t ` b c `^ h li j b i f^ o n l j^ b ^ a l t ` c^ _ _ ` fr^ b p j b k r _^ h o ` g j b l t ` ci o c n o n f^ a B i _ j�<i l j^ b f= ^ b ` a^ o o^ @ f l t ` k _i p j ` b l o j b ` feu " t ` _ ` j f i c o^ f ` _ ` f ` g h oi b c ` l^ l t ` t `i l ` 1 n i l j^ b

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/ O /0 �� � C # E � c^ b f li b l . $ u G � /

a^ _ i b m f^ o n l j^ b O ^ a O P ", � b Q .SR� O / d l ti l j f d i b m f^ o n l j^ b O ^ a . $ u G / d F � " � � u9 n l ` 1 n i l j^ b . $ u GH / j f `s i c l o m l t ` ` 1 n i l j^ b . $ u G F / @ ` . p ` o j h ` _i l ` o m / n f ` p a^ _ l t ` c^ b l j b n j l m

g ` l t^ p i b p . $ u G � / j f i c^ b f `1 n `b c `^ a . $ u G � / f^ l t ` r _^ ^ a j f c^ gr o ` l ` pu

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NO D � Q .SR� O D / i b p NO � 1 Q .SR� O � /� . $ u G # /

]^ _ l t ` @i r oi c ` `1 n i l j^ b d N O P F d f n h f^ o n l j^ b f i _ ` f j gr o m f n h ti _ g^ b j c an b c l j^ b feu

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+ � NO P Q .R� O / *, ) 2& *, )& 5 %$ 7 O � .SR / � O .SR / � O D .SR / �

" t ` r _^ ^ a j f i f j gr o ` j l ` _i l j^ b r _^ c ` p n _ ` n f j b k l t ` gi s j gn g r _ j b c jr o ` . f ` ` 9 h .< � ;a^ _ i f t^ _ l `s r^ f j l j^ b / u q k ` b ` _i o jA i l j^ b n f j b k l t ` � c ti n p ` _ ] js ` p &^ j b l " t `^ _ ` g j f j b9 8 9 @ ; u " t ` f ` r _^ ^ a f n f ` l t ` ai c l l ti l^ b ` ci b f^ o B ` c ` _ l i j b o j b `i _ ` o o jr l j c ` 1 n i l j^ b fu ]^ _` 1 n i l j^ b f @ j l t f ` B ` _ ` b^ b o j b `i _ j l j ` f d ^ b ` ci b ^ a l `b r _^ B ` i B ` _ f j^ b ^ a " t `^ _ ` g $ u � . f ` `9 q n < d 8 ti r l ` _ �d � ` c l j^ b � G ; i b p 9 8 H � ; / h n l^ b ` gn f l i o _ `i p m ib^ @ f^ g ` b^ b < l _ j B ji o`s j f l `b c ` _ ` f n o l u . " t `^ _ ` g $ u � j f i o f^ l _ n ` a^ _ c^ gr o ` l `ed b^ b < c^ gr i c l gi b j a^ o p f d i f @ ` o oi f a^ _ h^ n b pi _m B i o n ` r _^ h o ` g f= i o l t^ n k t a^ _ h^ n b pi _ m B i o n ` r _^ h o ` g f^ b ` gn f l f o jk t l o m

g^ p j am j l u /

&' () *+ & $ u E " t j f g ` l t^ pk j B ` f l t ` f t^ _ l ` f l `s j f l ` b c ` r _^ ^ a f a^ _ . $ u � / i b p . $ u G / u �b p ` ` pda^ _ i f n h f^ o n l j^ b j b . $ u � / l _ m O � .SR / P$ d @ t ` _ ` $ j f i c^ b f l i b l u " t ` b a _^ g . $ u G # / @ `

b ` ` p F 1 > � �U "

@ t j c t @ j o o c o `i _ o m h ` fi l j f + ` p h m c t^ ^ f j b k $ l^ h ` i f n J c j `b l o m oi _k ` b `k i l j B ` c^ b f l i b l u� j g j oi _ o m d i b m f n J c j ` b l o m oi _k ` r^ f j l j B ` c^ b f li b l O D .R / P 6 @ j o o h ` i f n r ` _ f^ o n l j^ b ^ a

. $ u � / u " tn f d l t ` _ ` j f i f^ o n l j^ b O � � O � O D u " t ` fi g ` `i f m r _^ ^ a @^ _ i f a^ _ . $ u G / @ j l t

O � P f gi o o c^ b f l i b l 3 F X l t `b d f j b c ` l t ` f^ o n l j^ b fi l j f + ` f O .SR / 1 O � .SR / @ ` i _ ` i f f n _ ` pl ti l O 3 F u T

&' () *+ & $ u " t ` _ ` gi m h ` gi b m f n h < i b p f n r ` _ f^ o n l j^ b r i j _ f d O � � O D u ]^ _ j b f li b c `edc^ b f j p ` _ NO P Q .SR� O / � c^ f O�

@ t ` _ ` ] Q .SR� " / ] � � a^ _ i o o R i b p " u " t ` an b c l j^ b f O .R / P G T: i _ ` i o o f n r ` _ f^ o n l j^ b f d@ t j o ` O .SR / P . G T > � / : i _ ` f n h f^ o n l j^ b feu � `b c ` l t ` _ ` j f i l o `i f l^ b ` f^ o n l j^ b j b `i c t^ a

l t ` j b l ` _ B i o f . G T > � / : � O .R / � G T: u T

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� j g j oi _ o m d o ` l O � P � � � � u T

q f i b `s i gr o ` @ t ` _ ` l t ` i f f n gr l j^ b f i _ ` fi l j f + ` p d @ ` c^ b f j p ` _ ` 1 n i l j^ b . $ u � / @ j l t� 1 F . � � F / i b p c^ b c o n p ` l ti l l t ` _ ` j f i f^ o n l j^ b j a i b p^ b o m j a l t ` c^ ` J c j `b l .SR / fi l j f + ` f

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` 1 n i l j^ b N O P Q .SR� O / � W .R O / . $ u E � /

@ t ` _ ` Q i b p W i _ ` f g^ ^ l t an b c l j^ b f @ j l t W .SR� " / h^ n b p ` p i b p Q ti B j b k l t ` r _^ r ` _ l ml ti l / Q/ " .R� " / 1 3 .SR / a^ _ i o o _ `i o " . $ u E G /

a^ _ f^ g ` f g^ ^ l t an b c l j^ b 3 .R / 1 F . � � F / u

J K � 3 F ! 5 � % %( < & ) 2$ ) Q .SR� " / %$ ) * % *& % . $ u E G /$ , > W .SR� " / * %$ �+( , >& > �( , 6 ) *+ , �+ 2&, ) 2& 5 & & � * % ) %$ % + 7( ) *+, + � . $ u E � / �

�5 + + �u @ ` l b h ` l t ` o^ @ ` f l ` jk ` b B i o n `^ a, � C P > N � �3 � u " t `b 3 1 F . � � F / f^ l t `Ai m o ` jk t 1 n^ l j ` b l . $ u � # / f t^ @ f l ti l i ` _, P F i b p b 3 F u 0^ _ `^ B ` _d hm & _^ r^ f j l j^ b

$ u E l t ` _ ` j f i r^ f j l j B ` ` jk ` b an b c l j^ b �^ a, � P b � u � i m ] W .SR� " / ] � & i b p o ` l � h ` l t `

n b j 1 n ` f^ o n l j^ b ^ a l t ` o j b `i _ ` 1 n i l j^ bN� > 3 � P Q .SR� F / > &

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. $ u EF / u � j g j oi _ o m d j a ! j f l t ` f^ o n l j^ b ^ a N! > 3 ! P Q .R� F / � & d l t `b a^ _ f n J c j ` b l o m oi _k `

b `k i l j B ` � � d l t ` an b c l j^ b O � P ! � � � � # F i b p j f i f n h f^ o n l j^ b u T

" t ` i h^ B ` j p `i ^ a n f j b k l t ` .r^ f j l j B ` / o^ @ ` f l ` jk `b an b c l j^ b ^ a i o j b `i _ r _^ h o ` g l^

c^ b f l _ n c l f n h^ _ f n r ` _ f^ o n l j^ b f^ a i b^ b o j b `i _ r _^ h o ` g j f i n f ` an o p `B j c `u �b r i _ l j c n oi _ a^ _` 1 n i l j^ b . $ u G / j l j f^ a l `b n f ` an o l^ c^ b f j p ` _ l t ` o^ @ ` f l ` jk `b B i o n ` b i b p c^ _ _ ` fr^ b p j b k

` jk ` b an b c l j^ b �3 F . h m & _^ r^ f j l j^ b $ u E a^ _ l t `^ r ` _i l^ _, O P > NO > O d f^ , � P b � uB f j b k h^ l t f n h i b p f n r ` _ f^ o n l j^ b f^ a l t ` a^ _ g O � P � � � d @ t ` _ ` F # � � # � D d^ b ` ci b

1 n j c i o m r _^ B ` l ti l j a �3 F l t ` b . $ u G / ti f i r^ f j l j B ` f^ o n l j^ b j a i b p^ b o m j a b # F u " t j fj f i @ `i i ` _ i f f n gr l j^ b l ti b ^ n _ `i _ o j ` _^ b ` l ti l 3 F f j b c ` l t ` Ai m o ` jk t 1 n^ l j `b l . $ u � # /

@ j l t � P � f t^ @ f l ti l 3 F d i b p `B `b l t ` @ `i i ` _ c^ b p j l j^ b � # .SR /S RZ 3 F d j gr o j ` fl ti l b # F u

�� �� � � � �� � � �� H � �� � � � !

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q b^ l t ` _ l ` c t b j 1 n ` l ti l j f n f ` an o a^ _ f^ o B j b k `1 n i l j^ b f f n c t i f NO P Q .R� O / j f l^ f^ o B `l t ` *, * ) *$ 7 %$ 7( & ? 5 + � 7 & < a^ _ l t ` 2 &$ ) &'( $ ) *+,

/O / " P NO > Q .SR� O / a^ _ "3 F R 0 ] . $ u E E /

O .R F / P O M .SR / R 0 ] . $ u E /

@ t ` _ ` O M j f f^ g ` r _ ` f c _ j h ` p an b c l j^ b d i b p f t^ @ l ti l i f " ( � l t ` b l t ` O .SR� " / c^ b B ` _k `l^ f^ g ` an b c l j^ b ! .SR / @ t j c t fi l j f + ` f N! P Q .SR� ! / d l ti l j f d ! .R / j f i b " ` 1 n j o j h _ j n g f^ o n <l j^ b #^ a l t ` t `i l ` 1 n i l j^ b . $ u E E / u . q c l n i o o m d j l j f `b^ n k t l^ f t^ @ l ti l f^ g ` f n h f ` 1 n ` b c `edO .R� "�^ / c^ b B ` _k ` f i f "^ ( � u /

" t ` _ ` i _ ` l t _ ` ` f l `r f @ t ` b n f j b k l t j f g ` l t^ puC )& ? � u � t^ @ l ti l i f^ o n l j^ b ^ a . $ u E E /� . $ u E / `s j f l f a^ _ f t^ _ l l j g ` f F � " �� u �b l t j f

_ `k i _ pd ^ b ` f t^ n o p b^ l ` l ti l l t ` �$ 6 �#$ 5 > 2&$ ) &' ( $ ) *+, d > O� P NO d O .SR� F / P O M .SR /

p^ ` f, + ) b ` c ` f fi _ j o m ti B ` i f^ o n l j^ b a^ _ f t^ _ l l j g `uC )& ? u � t^ @ l ti l i f^ o n l j^ b ^ a . $ u E E / < . $ u E / `s j f l f a^ _$ 7 7 l j g `d F � " # � u " t ` f j gr o `^ _ p j b i _ m p j G ` _ ` b l ji o `1 n i l j^ b O � P O \ @ j l t j b j l ji o c^ b p j l j^ b O .F / P � d ti f l t ` n b j 1 n `

f^ o n l j^ b O . " / P � 9 . � > " � /X l t j f f t^ @ f l ti l i f^ o n l j^ b ^ a i b j b b^ c `b l < o^ ^ i j b k ` 1 n i l j^ b gi mb^ l `s j f l a^ _ i o o l j g `u 0^ _ `^ B ` _d j l f t^ @ f l ti l = a^ _ b^ b o j b `i _ `1 n i l j^ b f= l t ` gi s j gi oj b l ` _ B i o a^ _ @ t j c t i f^ o n l j^ b f `s j f l f gi m p `r `b p n r^ b l t ` j b j l ji o c^ b p j l j^ b feuC )& ? �u & _^ B ` l ti l i f " ( � d l t ` b O .SR� " / .^ _ O .SR� "^ / / c^ b B ` _k ` f l^ i f^ o n l j^ b ! .SR /^ a

N! P Q .SR� ! / u " t ` a^ o o^ @ j b k `s i gr o ` f t^ @ f l ti l f^ g ` tm r^ l t ` f ` f @ j o o h ` b ` ` p ` pu ; b `

% n f l^ h f ` _B ` f l ti l O .SR� " / P U _� c^ f R fi l j f + ` f l t ` t `i l `1 n i l j^ b O� P O� � � O ^ b � b h n l

O ti f b^ o j g j l i f " ( � u q b^ l t ` _ `s i gr o ` j f l t ` h^ n b p ` p an b c l j^ b � .R� " / P c^ f .SR � " /

@ t j c td i o f^ ^ b l t ` c j _ c o ` � b d fi l j f + ` f l t ` t `i l `1 n i l j^ b �� P �� � � �� � � u H ` j l t ` _

O .R� " / b^ _ � .R� " / c^ b B ` _k ` l^ i b m l t j b k a^ _ oi _k ` " u

. ` @ j o o ci _ _ m ^ n l l t ` f ` f l `r f a^ _/O / " P N O � .SR / > � .R /SU V . $ u E $ /

@ j l t l t ` j b j l ji o c^ b p j l j^ b

O .R� F / P � .SR /� . $ u EH /

q f n f n i od l t ` fi g ` j p `i f r _^ B ` i g^ _ `k ` b ` _i o _ ` f n o l @ t^ f ` a^ _ gn oi l j^ b i b p r _^ ^ a @ ` o `i B `

i f i b `s ` _ c j f `X ^ b ` B ` _ f j^ b j f f n k k ` f l ` p i l l t ` ` b p^ a l t j f f ` c l j^ b u

J K � 3 F ! � r � % %( < & ) 2$ ) 3 F - � 3 F - $ , > �$ 5 &$ , . % <+ + ) 2 �( , 6 ) *+, %� + 2&,) 2 & 5 & & � * % ) %$ ( , *'( & % + 7( ) *+, O .SR� " / + � . $ u E $ /�� . $ u EH / �+ 5$ 7 7 "3 F � ,+ 5 & + %& 5- ) 2 & 5 & * %$�( , 6 ) *+, ! 0 � � . ] / % + ) 2$ ) o j g� � � O.R� " / P ! .SR / . $ u E � /

$ , > ! %$ ) * % *& % ) 2& �&'( *7 * � 5 *( < � &'( $ ) *+, N! � > �U � P F �

�5 + + �u C )& ? � u " t ` `s j f l `b c `^ a i n b j 1 n ` f^ o n l j^ b a^ _ i f gi o o l j g ` j b l ` _B i od F � " #� d j fi c^ b f ` 1 n ` b c `^ a " t `^ _ ` g uH uC )& ? u "^ r _^ B ` l ti l l t ` f^ o n l j^ b `s j f l f a^ _ i o o l j g ` F � " # � d @ ` b ` ` p l^ ` f l j gi l `l t ` f^ o n l j^ b u @ ` l F � " # 8 h ` i <$ � * <$ 7 *, )& 5 %$ 7^ b @ t j c t i f^ o n l j^ b `s j f l f i b p r j c i

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6 +, % ) � d @ t j o ` j a " M 3 F l t ` b O� .% / � F . j b ai c l d O� .% / P F j a F # " M # 8M / d �O .% / P F di b p NO .% / � F u " tn f a _^ g . $ u E $ / d � .% /SU V C - E � .% / f^ O � gi s # 9 o^ k . .SR / 9 � .SR / / ; u@^ ^ i j b k i l l t ` r^ j b l @ t ` _ ` O ti f j l f g j b j gn g @ `k ` l i f j g j oi _ o^ @ ` _ h^ n b p a^ _ O u � j b c `l t ` f ` ` f l j gi l ` f i _ ` j b p `r `b p `b l^ a 8M d] O .SR� " / ] � � . $ u E # /

@ t ` _ ` l t ` c^ b f l i b l � p^ ` f b^ l p `r `b p^ b 8 uH `s l @ ` @^ n o p o j i ` l^ ` f l j gi l ` l t ` p ` _ j B i l j B ` f^ a O u ; b ` i r r _^ i c t n f ` f l t ` �^ h^ o ` Bfr i c ` i b i o^ k ^ a . G u E E / c^ g h j b ` p @ j l t l t ` �^ h^ o ` B j b ` 1 n i o j l m . % n f l i f @ ` n f ` p . $ u G E / l^

` f l j gi l ` l t ` / O /0 � j b � ` c l j^ b $ u E / u q b^ l t ` _ @i m j f l^ r _^ c ` ` p p j _ ` c l o m d _ ` @ _ j l j b k . $ u E $ /

i f O� P NO � Q .R� " / @ t ` _ `ed n f j b k . $ u E # / d Q P > �U V j f b^ @ ib^ @b l^ h ` i h^ n b p ` p

c^ b l j b n^ n f an b c l j^ b d f^ ^ b ` ci b i r r o m f j gr o ` _ o^ ci o ` f l j gi l ` f a^ _ l t ` t `i l ` 1 n i l j^ b j l f ` o al^ c^ b c o n p ` l ti l / O /0 � C #� � M _ P � E � � b

@ j l t � b j b p `r ` b p `b l^ a 8 u A `r `i l ` p o m i r r o m j b k l t ` ` f l j gi l ` . G u E E / @ ` + b p l ti l a^ _ i o o

R 0 ] i b p F � " # 8

] /�� / �� O .R " / ] � �� _ � . $ u E6 /

@ t ` _ ` l t ` c^ b f l i b l f �� _ � i _ ` j b p `r ` b p ` b l^ a 8 u� a 8 # � d @ ` @ j o o f t^ @ l ti l i f " ( 8 d l t `b O .SR� " / i b p i o o^ a j l f p ` _ j B i l j B ` f c^ b B ` _k `

n b j a^ _ g o m l^ f^ g ` an b c l j^ b d @ t j c t @ ` ci o o O .SR� 8 / u 9 n l l t ` b @ ` ci b i r r o m " t `^ _ ` g uHl^ f^ o B ` . $ u EF /^ b f^ g ` j b l ` _B i o 8 � " � 8 �� n f j b k O .R 8 / i f l t ` j b j l ji o B i o n `u " t j f

@ j o o p ` + b ` i f g^ ^ l t f^ o n l j^ b O .SR� " / d a^ _ l t ` oi _k ` _ j b l ` _ B i o F � " � 8 �� d^ a . $ u EF / i b p

c^ b l _i p j c l f l t ` gi s j gi o j l m ^ a 8 u"^ r _^ B ` l t ` c^ b B ` _k ` b c `^ a O .SR� " / d @ ` n f ` l t ` g `i b B i o n ` l t `^ _ ` g . j b i o^ ci o c^ ^ _<p j b i l ` c ti _ l / l^ ` f l j gi l `

] O .SR� " / > O . ! " � / ] � ] O .SR� " / > O .SR� " � / ] � ] O .SR� " � / > O . ! " � / ]

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i f " ( � u ] j _ f l @ ` f t^ @ l ti l ] O� .SR� " / ] � TU � 2� . $ u F /

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c n _ B i l n _ `u " t ` _ ` i _ ` f l _^ b k ` _ _ ` f n o l f j b l @^ p j _ ` c l j^ b fu ] j _ f l d j b 8^ _^ o oi _ m �u E n f j b k l t `l t `^ _ ` g @ ` @ j o o f t^ _ l o m r _^ B `d @ ` @ j o o r _^ B ` l ti l a^ _ ` B ` _ m c^ gr i c l gi b j a^ o pd i b m an b c l j^ bl ti l j f b `k i l j B ` f^ g ` @ t ` _ ` j f l t ` f ci oi _ c n _ B i l n _ `^ a f^ g ` g ` l _ j ceu " t ` f ` c^ b p j f l t ` _ ` c ` b l

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Page 43: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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f t^ @ f l ti l l t ` j b B i _ ji b c ` .H u G # / n b p ` _ l t `k _^ n r ^ a p j G `^ g^ _r t j f g j f _ ` oi l ` p l^ l t ` b^ b <` o o jr l j c j l m ^ a l t ` c n _ B i l n _ ` ` 1 n i l j^ b .H u G � / u9 n j o p j b k ^ b l t ` f `^ h f ` _ B i l j^ b f d * ` "n _ c i a^ n b p l t ` a^ o o^ @ j b k _i l t ` _ f j gr o ` r _^ ^ a 9 * < $ ;

^ a l t j f l t `^ _ ` gu "^ c^ r ` @ j l t l t `k _^ n r ^ a p j G `^ g^ _r t j f g fed t ` f^ o B ` f

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r _^ ^ a^ a " t `^ _ ` gH u � / u � a^ b ` ci b f^ o B ` .H u E G / d j l j f^ hB j^ n f l ti l W b P . � � b /� W fi l j f + ` fA j c . W b / P d i f p ` f j _ ` pu!1 n i l j^ b .H u E G / ti f g^ _ ` n b ib^ @b f l ti b `1 n i l j^ b f d f^ j l j f n b p ` _ p ` l ` _ g j b ` pu " t `

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9 ji b c t j j p ` b l j l m u . ` f ti o o f t^ _ l o m B ` _ j am l ti l .H u E G / j f ` o o jr l j c j a j f j b B ` _ l j h o `u � j b c `j l j f f^ o B i h o ` i l l t `^ _ jk j b = % n f l n f ` � M P S � i b p W M a _^ g i h^ B `= l t ` o^ ci o f^ o B i h j o j l m

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= ^ _ a _^ g � ` c l j^ b H u i h^ B ` . f ` ` ` 1 n i l j^ b .H u G F / / = l^ r i f f a _^ g i b n b p ` _ p ` l ` _ g j b ` p l^ ip ` l ` _ g j b ` p ` o o jr l j c f m f l ` gu; b ` f o jk t l l ` c t b j ci o r _^ h o ` g j f l ti l l t j f ` 1 n i l j^ b j b B^ o B ` f f ` c^ b p p ` _ j B i l j B ` f^ a W dh n l^ b o m + _ f l p ` _ j B i l j B ` f^ a � u " t ` _ ` i _ ` f `B ` _i o @i m f l^ c j _ c n gB `b l l t j fu ]^ o o^ @ j b k* ` "n _ c i . f ` ` 9 9 `< G ; a^ _ i b^ l t ` _ B i _ ji b l^ a l t j f / @ ` f ` ` i l t ` p j G `^ g^ _r t j f gd @ t j c t @ ` ci bo^ ci o o m @ _ j l ` i f � P . � b � � � �\ / d j b l t ` fr ` c ji o a^ _ g � B P �^ / " B^ 9 /R ^ a^ _ f^ g ` . b^ l

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f m g g ` l _ j c gi l _ js u B b p ` _ p ` l ` _ g j b ` p ` o o jr l j c j l m g `i b f l ti l �� ., / j f f n _% ` c l j B ` j a � � P F Xl tn f a^ _ i b m f m g g ` l _ j c �^ b ` gn f l f^ o B `�� ., / �

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j f j b B ` _ l j h o ` l t ` _ ` j f i � f^ l ti l � P > 9 G � > l _i c ` . � / � ; 9 u ; b ` ci b B ` _ j am `i f j o m l ti ll t j f f^ o B ` f .H u E / u " t ` _ ` a^ _ ` .H u E G / @ j l t � B P � / " B ^ 9 /R ^ d j f n b p ` _ p ` l ` _ g j b ` p ` o o jr l j ci b p o^ ci o o m f^ o B i h o `u T

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ci b i o @i m f o^ ci o o m j f^ g ` l _ j ci o o m ` g h ` p j b [ ` d i b p l ti l^ b ` ci b ` g h ` p j b [ _ j b gi b mci f ` f= i o l t^ n k td i f @ ` @ j o o p j f c n f f h ` o^ @d j l j f f l j o o n b i b^ @ b j a^ b ` ci b i o @i m f o^ ci o o m` g h ` p j b [ _ u. _ j l `

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ti f A ` _^ = i n f f c n _B i l n _ ` j b f^ g ` b ` jk t h^ _ t^ ^ p^ a l t `^ _ jk j b u " t `b d % n f l i f j b l t ` f ` c^ b p

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gi r @ `^ h li j b b ` @ c^ ^ _ p j b i l ` f .SR� ! / f^ l ti l W b P S R \ � S ! \ u . _ j l j b k � j b l t ` f ` b ` @c^ ^ _ p j b i l ` f @ `^ h l i j bW P W b � .S � / \ P S R \ � S ! \ � S � .SR� ! / \� .H u EH /

" tn f^ n _ g ` l _ j c W j f `s i c l o m l t ` g ` l _ j c j b p n c ` p^ b l t ` f n _ ai c ` � P � .SR� ! / h m j l f ` g h ` p<p j b k j b [ _ u"^ ci _ _ m ^ n l l t ` p ` l i j o f d o ` l � i b p � b h ` l t ` = i n f f c n _ B i l n _ ` f^ a W i b p W b P

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^ a l t `^ _ jk j b u . ` ci b c^ gr n l ` � b j b l ` _ g f^ a l t ` p ` _ j B i l j B ` f^ a W b i b p t `b c `^ a � u. _ j l ` l t j f^ r ` _i l^ _ i f � b P 8 .� / f^ @ ` @i b l l^ f^ o B ` 8 .� / P F u 9 m i o j b `i _ c ti b k `

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ci b + b p i b i b i o m l j c f^ o n l j^ b ^ a 8 .�� / P F b `i _ l t `^ _ jk j b u " t j f r _^ B ` f l t ` `s j f l ` b c `^ a

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; b ` ci b i o f^ r _^ B ` l t ` 7 + 6$ 7 * % + <& )5 *6 & < �& > > *, $ *, [ _ * � � .F / 3 F .i b p �0 � � /

f j b c ` l t ` b � M . O� ! / P b \ .SO \ � ! \ / \ � . F / j f i f^ o n l j^ b ^ a 8 .�� M / P F i l l t `^ _ jk j b i b p l t `

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n b _ ` f^ o B ` p ci f ` j f @ t `b � . F / P F @ t `b l t ` ` 1 n i l j^ b 8 .�� / P F j f b ` j l t ` _ ` o o jr l j c b^ _tm r ` _ h^ o j cu " t j f ci f ` j f r i _ l ji o o m l _ `i l ` p j b l t ` @^ _ i^ a 9 @ j b < � d @ j b < G ; d @ t^ ^ h l i j b ` pl t ` ` g h ` p p j b k j a ` j l t ` _ � 1 F b `i _ l t `^ _ jk j b ^ _ j a � .F / P F h n l � � .F / � P F u � l j f

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Page 54: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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w k" p 3 7> / 7 9 79 / 8> 0 l 5 7 ; / 8 /. ; 9 .B / 0 9 . 5 /6 2 0 l 5 : / ; 0 -. ! 3 7 :- . ; - 6B 56 3 5 6 ; 5 8 / 0 5. m E6 7 0 5 / 2 - :9 73 6 D 0 l 5 l 5 / 0 5Y 9 / 0 3 - 6 > - 6 5 ; - 9 8 2 0. J 0 l 5 ; - 6 0 3 6 9 3 0J 4 5 0 l - 2 0 - 7 - 8B 5 kq m ! p> C 9 0 0 l3 7 l / 76 - 0J 5 0 C 5 56 2 - 6 5m7 7 3 6 D kq m I p - 6 5 ; /6 2 5. 3B 5 /6 5Y 9 / 0 3 - 6 :- . < w R < �m U l3 7 3 7 / " C /; �1 /. 2 # l 5 / 0 5Y 9 / 0 3 - 6 >/6 2 1 54 56 0 3 - 6 5 2 5 /. 83 5. k Y l /@ 0 5. �mu p 0 l / 0 0 l 5 3 6 3 0 3 / 8B / 89 5 @ . - C 8 54 3 7 6 - 0 / 81 /J 7 7 - 8B / C 8 5:- . 79 ; l 5Y 9 / 0 3 - 6 7m E6 7 0 5 / 2> 73 6 ; 5 w k" � p 1 3 8 8 C 5 / ; - 6 7 0 /6 0> r /4 3 8 0 - 6 . 5@ 8 / ; 5 7 w k" p CJ3 0 7 /B 5. / D 5

� k#" p P Q�- 8 k#" p ]�� w k" p b 4�

/6 2 7 - 8B 5 7 <"< � P ! � } = � k#" p " p �3 ; k#" p � kq m q p

k 1 5 1 3 8 8 7 - 4 5 0 34 5 7 1 . 3 0 5 " 3 6 7 0 5 / 2 - : " � p 1 3 0 l 0 l 5 3 6 3 0 3 / 8 ; - 6 23 0 3 - 6 kq my pm E 0 3 7 5 / 7J 0 -; l 5 ; � 0 l / 0 :-. 0 l 5 7 5 4 5 0. 3 ; 7 b �- 8 k" � p Rb � P o 7 - > 7 ; / 83 6 D " 3 : 6 5 ; 5 7 7 /. J > 1 5 l /B 5 0 l 56 -. 4 / 83 L / 0 3 - 6 �- 8 k#" � p P �- 8 k#" p P Qnm,-. ; - 4 @ 9 0 / 0 3 - 6 7 3 0 3 7 - : 0 56 4 - . 5 ; - 6B 5 6 3 5 6 0 0 - 0. 5 / 0 0 l 5 7 34 @ 8 5. 9 6 6 -. 4 / 83 L 5 2 5Y 9 /V0 3 - 6 <"< � P p ! �3 ; k" p C kq m Q o p

� � Q � � � � � � � � �� � �� �� �� � � � � � �� � � � ��

U- D - :. - 4 kq m Q o p 0 - kq m q p - 6 5 4 / � 5 7 0 l 5 ; l /6 D 5 - : 7 ; / 8 5 " � P �" > ; l - - 7 3 6 D � k � p 3 o 0 -7 / 0 3 7 :J 0 l 5 6 - . 4 / 83 L / 0 3 - 6 ; - 6 23 0 3 - 6 �- 8 k#" � p P Q /6 2 9 7 5 / 6 51 0 34 5B /. 3 / C 8 5 � � 2 5W 6 5 2CJ � � P � � k � pb �m U l 56 / ; / 8 ; 9 8 / 0 3 - 6 7 l - 1 7 0 l / 0 " � 7 / 0 3 7W 5 7

<" �< � � P ! � } = � k#" � p " �Wp �3 ; k#" � p �5 kq m Q Q p

/ 7 2 5 7 3. 5 2m[ 5 :- 8 8 - 1 0 l 5 7 /4 5 7 0 5 @ 7 / 7 3 6 0 l 5 4 - 2 5 8 @ . - C 8 54 3 6 Y l /@ 0 5. u 0 - 7 - 8B 5 kq m q p> kq my p>5 x ; 5@ 0 0 l / 0 l 5. 5 5B 5. J 0 l3 6 D 3 7 ; - 6 7 3 2 5. / C 8J 4 -. 5 ; - 4 @ 83 ; / 0 5 2mX 0 5 @ Q 3 7 0 - @ . -B 5 0 l 5 7 l - . 0 0 34 5 5x 3 7 0 5 6 ; 5 - : / 7 - 89 0 3 - 6 0 - kq m Q o p 1 3 0 l 3 6 3 0 3 / 8 ; - 6 23 0 3 - 6 7kq my pm t - 1 5Y 9 / 0 3 - 6 kq m Q o p 3 7 / 84 - 7 0 C9 0 6 - 0 Y 9 3 0 5> @ /. / C - 83 ; m U l 5 2 3 X ; 9 8 0J 3 7 1 3 0 l2 5 D 5 6 5. / ; 3 5 7 ; /9 7 5 2 CJ 0 l 5 D. - 9 @ - : 2 3 v 5 - 4 -. @ l3 74 7> M 9 7 0 / 7 1 5 7 /1 3 6 Y l /@ 0 5. {mu :- . 0 l 55Y 9 / 0 3 - 6 �3 ; k#" p P K$v m r /4 3 8 0 - 6 9 7 5 2 0 l 5 t / 7 lV S - 7 5. 34 @ 83 ; 3 0 :9 6 ; 0 3 - 6 0 l 5 - . 54 :- . 0 l3 77 0 5@ m X 9 C 7 5Y 9 56 0 8J > x 5 U9 . ; � � xV t � 734 @ 83 W 5 2 0 l 3 7 /6 2 7 l - 1 5 2 l - 1 - 6 5 ; /6 9 7 5 7 0 /6 2 /. 2@ /. / C - 83 ; 0 l 5 - . J m r 5 8 5 0 7 �$v C 5 /6 J 3 6B 5. 0 3 C 8 5 7J 4 4 5 0. 3 ; 0 56 7 - . > 79 ; l / 7 � P " > /6 27 - 8B 5 7 0 l 5 3 6 3 0 3 / 8B / 89 5 @ . - C 8 54<"

< � P p ! � �3 ; k#" p p u � k �� } � 3 /6 k"5 � p p �5 kq m Q ! p

1 l 5. 5 ! � 3 /6 k#"5 K p 3 7 0 l 5 5x @ . 5 7 73 - 6 3 6 0 l 5 � 3 /6 ; l3 3 2 5 6 0 3 0J k {m !q p /6 2> :-. / �V :-. 4 y >1 5 2 5W 6 5 u �y CJ ku �y p $v P } g ky $Hv 8 y v H $ p> 0 l / 0 3 7> u �y 3 7 0 l 5 7J 4 4 5 0. 3 ; ; -B /. 3 /6 02 5. 3B / 0 3B 5m U l 5B 3. 0 9 5 - : kq m Q ! p 3 7 0 l / 0 3 0 3 7 / @ /. / C - 83 ; 5Y 9 / 0 3 - 6 > 7 - CJ U l 5 -. 54 tm {0 l 5. 5 3 7 / 7 - 89 0 3 - 6 " � - : kq m Q ! p 7 / 0 3 7 :J 3 6 D kq my pm U- D - :. - 4 kq m Q ! p 0 - kq m Q o p 1 5 9 7 5 /2 3 v 5 - 4 -. @ l3 74 �� 2 5W 6 5 2 CJb ��b � P \ k �� k�4 p5 � p5 � P : b 5

1 l 5. 5 \ 3 7 0 l 5B 5 ; 0 -. W 5 8 2 29 / 8 0 - 0 l 5 �V :- . 4 p �� } � 3 /6 k" �5 � p m I ; - 4 @ 9 0 / 0 3 - 6 0 l 5 67 l - 1 7 0 l / 0 3 : " � 7 / 0 3 7W 5 7 kq m Q ! p 0 l 5 6 0 l 5 4 5 0. 3 ; � �� k" � p 7 / 0 3 7W 5 7 kq m Q o p /6 2 kq my p :- . / 08 5 / 7 0 7 - 4 5 7 l -. 0 0 34 5 3 6 0 5.B / 8 o j �9 � 0 l 3 7 ; - 6 7 5Y 9 56 0 8J D3B 5 7 / 7 - 89 0 3 - 6 - : kq m Q Q p 3 6 /74 / 8 8 0 34 5 3 6 0 5.B / 8mU- D 5 0 4 - . 5 3 6 :- . 4 / 0 3 - 6 > - 6 5 6 5 5 2 7 :-. 4 9 8 / 7 :-. 0 l 5 5B - 89 0 3 - 6 - : �3 ; k#" � p /6 2 w k#" � p>1 l 5. 5 " � 3 7 / 7 - 89 0 3 - 6 - : kq m Q o pm E6 234 5 6 7 3 - 6 0 l. 5 5 0 l 5J /. 5 D 5 6 9 3 6 5 l 5 / 0 5Y 9 / 0 3 - 6 7

< �3 ; k#" � p< � P > �3 ; k#" � p p }5 kq m Q � p

1 l 5. 5 } 3 7 / @ - 8J 6 - 4 3 / 8 3 6 " �5 �3 ; k#" � p> /6 2 w k#" � p k C9 0 2 - 5 7 6 - 0 ; - 6 0 /3 6 /6 J / 2 23 0 3 - 6 / 82 5. 3B / 0 3B 5 7 - : 0 l 5 7 5 p /6 2< w k" � p

< � P > w k" � p 8 ! ` �3 ; k" � p ` g C kq m Q t p

,. - 4 kq m Q � p /6 2 /B 5. 73 - 6 - : 0 l 5 4 /x 34 9 4 @ . 3 6 ; 3 @ 8 5 :- . 7J 4 4 5 0. 3 ; 0 56 7 - . 7> r /4 3 8 0 - 67 l - 1 7 0 l / 0 3 : �3 ; k#" p 3 7 @ - 7 3 0 3B 5> 0 l 56 7 - 3 7 �3 ; k#" � p :-. �3 om U l3 7 D9 /. /6 0 5 5 7 0 l / 0 / 8 8- : - 9 . 4 5 0. 3 ; 7 " � > /6 2 / 8 7 - 0 l 5 ; - . . 5 7 @ - 6 23 6 D 4 5 0. 3 ; 7 " �� P �" � > 1 3 8 8 l /B 5 @ - 7 3 0 3B 5 �3 ; ; 3; 9 . B / 09 . 5mX 0 5 @ ! 3 7 0 - 7 l - 1 0 l / 0 0 l3 7 7 - 89 0 3 - 6 " � - : kq m Q Q p 5 x 3 7 0 7 - : / 8 8 o j � � 9 � m U- 2 - 0 l3 7>7 /J / 7 - 89 0 3 - 6 5 x 3 7 0 7 - 6 7 - 4 5 4 /x 34 / 8 3 6 0 5. B / 8 o j � � 9 � �m �J 23 X ; 9 8 0 C9 0 5 8 54 5 6 0 /. J/. D9 4 5 6 0 7 9 73 6 D 0 l 54 /x 34 9 4 @ . 3 6 ; 3 @ 8 5 - 6 5 - C 0 /3 6 7 /@ @ . - @ . 3 / 0 5G � 5 �� 5 � 5 7 0 34 / 0 5 7 - 6 0 l 57 - 89 0 3 - 6 " � - : kq m Q o p /6 2 - 6 �3 ; k#" � p /6 2 0 l 53. 2 5. 3B / 0 3B 5 7 /6 2 ; /6 ; - 6 ; 89 2 5 0 l / 0 � �� � mk U l 5 /. D9 4 5 6 0 7 3 6 �r V ! � ; /6 C 5 7 34 @ 83 W 5 2 7 - 4 51 l / 0 n :-. 3 6 7 0 /6 ; 5 - 6 5 ; /6 @ . -B 5 e 54 4 /

Page 57: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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l / 7 / 4 5 0. 3 ; 1 3 0 l @ - 7 3 0 3B 5 �3 ; ; 3 ; 9 .B / 0 9 . 5> 0 l 56 CJ r /4 3 8 0 - 6 � 7 U l 5 -. 54 q m t f 3 7 w =mU l3 7 3 7> - : ; - 9 . 7 5> 0 l 5 U - 3 6 ; /. � 5 ; - 6 M 5 ; 0 9 . 5m E 0 3 7 6 - 0 / 0 / 8 8 ; 8 5 /. l - 1 - 6 5 ; /6 W 8 8 0 l 5 D /@CJ @ . -B 3 6 D 0 l 5 5 x 3 7 0 5 6 ; 5 - : / 4 5 0. 3 ; 1 3 0 l @ - 7 3 0 3B 5 �3 ; ; 3 ; 9 .B / 0 9 . 5m

!�� ' � �` � ,c %� � +" d $c +" �c $% +* d

� � � � �� ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� �

e 5 0 f g� C 5 / 4 /6 3 :- 8 2 - :. 5 / 8 234 5 6 7 3 - 6 !� /6 2 8 5 0 k 4 }5 C C C5 4 � 5 7 }5 C C C5 7� p C 5 8 - ; / 8; - - . 23 6 / 0 5 7m [ . 3 0 5� � P 4 � 8 : 7 �5 P Q5 C C C5 � 7 - � P k� }5 C C C5 � � p /. 5 ; - 4 @ 8 5 x 8 - ; / 8; - - . 23 6 / 0 5 7m f g� 3 7 / 6� F � 7� FG � � #� 7 � 3 : 0 l 5. 5 3 7 /6 / 0 8 / 7 7 - 0 l / 0 0 l 5 ; l /6 D 5 - : ; - -. 23V6 / 0 5 7 3 7 CJ /6 / 8J 0 3 ; :9 6 ; 0 3 - 6 7m U l 56 � 3 7 0 l 5 6� F � 7� � �F � � � �� � m E : = 3 7 / :9 6 ; 0 3 - 6 1 5; /6 1 . 3 0 5

b =P +�

k < =<� � b � � 8 < =<� � b � � p5 kq m Qu p

1 l 5. 5> CJ 2 5W 6 3 0 3 - 6 ><

<� � P } g k <<4 � p :

<< 7 � p /6 2 <<� � P } g k <<4 � 8 :

<< 7 � p C[ 5 / 8 7 - 2 5W 6 5

< =P +�

< =<� � b � � /6 2 < =P +�

< =<� � b � �5

7 - b P <8 <m I 23 v 5. 56 0 3 / 8 6V :- . 4 - : 0 l 5 0J @ 5 b � �� b � 8 3 7 ; / 8 8 5 2 - : �� �� k !5 o p> 1 l3 8 5b � �� b � 8 - : 0J @ 5 k Q5 Q p /6 2 b � �� b � 8 - : 0J @ 5 k o5 ! p m t - 1

o P b g =P < g =8 k < <8 < < p =8 < g =C kq m Q { p

X 3 6 ; 5 < g = 3 7 - : 0J @ 5 k !5 o p> k < <8 < < p = - : k Q5 Q p /6 2 < g = - : 0J @ 5 k o5 ! p> 1 5 ; - 6 ; 89 2 50 l / 0 < g P < g P < <8 < <P omE : " 3 7 / r 5. 4 3 0 3 /6 4 5 0. 3 ; - 6 f> 0 l 5 6

" P b� g P ! + " $ �b � $ b � �5

� J � � � P� �! � �� � �� �� �� � � � � � � ��

1 l 5. 5 " $ � P " $ � P o /6 2 " $ � P " � $ P " � $ :-. "5 #5 "5 # . 9 6 6 3 6 D :. - 4 Q 0 - � mU l 5 $%G 27� 5 k -. #H � �G F � � �G 7 p :- . 4 / 7 7 - ; 3 / 0 5 2 1 3 0 l " 3 7 0 l 5 k Q5 Q p :-. 4

; � P $ g& + " $ �b � $ � b � � C kq m Q I p

U l3 7 3 7 /. 5 / 8 :-. 4 7 3 6 ; 5 ; � P ; � m E 0 3 7 �� � � � �� � 7 3 6 ; 5 " $ � 3 7 @ - 7 3 0 3B 5 2 5W 6 3 0 5m U l 54 /6 3 :- 8 2 k f5 " p 3 7 7 /3 2 0 - C 5 / $%G 27� 5 FG � � #� 7 � 3 :; � 3 7 ; 8 - 7 5 2T b(' ) P om U l 5. 5 /. 54 /6 J5Y 9 3B / 8 5 6 0 1 /J 7 0 - 1 . 3 0 5 0 l3 7 �� / l 8 5. ; - 6 23 0 3 - 6 m [ 5 734 @ 8J . 5 : 5. 0 - 7 0 /6 2 /. 2 C - - � 7 k / 7 1 5 8 8/ 7 0 l 5 7 54 3 6 /. � X U � p :- . D 56 5. / 83 0 3 5 7 /6 2 5x /4 @ 8 5 7 /6 2 M 9 7 0 83 7 0 0 l 5 : /; 0 7 1 5 /; 0 9 / 8 8J 6 5 5 2m

*/ .2 + U l 5 $%G 2 7� 5 � G � 7G 6 �G � - 6 / :9 6 ; 0 3 - 6 = 3 7

>-, =P + " $ � < g =<� $ <� � C kq m Qy p

l 6 5 ; /6 7 l - 1 0 l / 0 > = P ! > , => 1 l 5. 5 > 3 7 0 l 5. 5 / 8 e /@ 8 /; 3 /6 1 5 l /B 5 C 5 5 6 9 7 3 6 Dm

*/ .2 . U l 5 & �6 6 � 6H 5� G �H 5� 3 7 D3B 56 CJ 0 l 5 :-. 4 9 8 /

K $ � P p< g 8 - D k 2 5 0 " $ � p<� $ <� � C kq m Qq p

k U l 5 7 34 @ 83 ; 3 0J - : 0 l3 7 :-. 4 9 8 /n ; - 4 @ /. 5 2 0 - 0 l 5 4 9 ; l 4 - . 5 ; - 4 @ 83 ; / 0 5 2 - 6 5 :- . D 56 5. / 8�3 54 /6 6 3 /6 4 /6 3 :- 8 2 7 n 3 7 0 l 5. 5 / 7 - 6 - 6 5 ; /6 - : 0 5 6 @ . -B 5 4 /6 J . 5 79 8 0 7 3 6 �� / l 8 5. D 5 - 4 V5 0. J pm ,- . ; - 6B 5 6 3 5 6 ; 5 1 5 1 3 8 8 - : 0 56 9 7 5 0 l 5 6 - 0 / 0 3 - 6 = k k :-. 0 l 5 ; - 4 @ 8 5 x l 5 7 73 /6 - : /:9 6 ; 0 3 - 6

= k k P < g =<� $ <� � CU l 5 6 kq m Qq p. 5 / 2 7 �3 ; k" p P p k 8 - D 2 5 0 " p k k C

/ 9 7 0 / 7 " /6 2 ; � /. 5. 5 8 / 0 5 2> 1 5 2 5W 6 5 0 l 5 & �6 6 � #� 5 F 0 - C 5 0 l 5 k Q5 Q p :-. 4

0� P $g & + K $ �b � $� b � �5 kq m ! o p

7 - 0� 3 7 /. 5 / 8 :-. 4 m E6 B 3 51 - : kq m Q q p 1 5 l /B 5

0� P p $ g& < < 8 - D k 2 5 0 " p C kq m ! Q p

*/ .2 1 e 5 02 C 5 / ; 8 - 7 5 2 k Q5 Q p :-. 4 - 6 / ; - 4 @ /; 0 � � / l 8 5. 4 /6 3 :- 8 2m U l 5 6 2 3 7 5x / ; 0k -. ; - l - 4 - 8 - D - 9 7 0 - L 5. - p 3 : /6 2 - 6 8J 3 : 0 l 5. 5 3 7 / :9 6 ; 0 3 - 6 3 7 - 0 l / 0 2 P < < 3m l 6 5@ . -B 5 7 0 l3 7 9 7 3 6 D r - 2 D 5 0 l 5 -. J 3 0 3 7 - CB 3 - 9 7 0 l / 0 3 :2 P < < 3 0 l 56 2 P b < 3 7 - 2 3 75 x / ; 0m*/ .2 4 U l 5 ; - l - 4 - 8 - DJ ; 8 / 7 7 - : 0 l 5 �3 ; ; 3 :- . 4 k - 6 / ; - 4 @ / ; 0 � � / l 8 5. 4 /6 3 :- 8 2 p 3 73 6 2 5@ 5 6 2 5 6 0 - : 0 l 5 4 5 0. 3 ; > 7 3 6 ; 5 3 : " /6 2 " } /. 5 01 - �� / l 8 5. 4 5 0. 3 ; 7> 0 l 5 6 :. - 4 kq m ! Q p

0p 0 } P $ g& < < 8 - D � k 2 5 0 " p R k 2 5 0 " } p �P $ g& < < 8 - D � kq m ! ! p

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Page 58: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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/6 2 / 8 7 - b \� P �� k; � p � 5 kq m ! t p

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; � p ; � � P $ g& < < �5 kq m !u p

- . 5Y 9 3B / 8 5 6 0 8J > 3 6 0 l 5 6 - 0 / 0 3 - 6 3 6 0. - 29 ; 5 2 / : 0 5. kq m Qq p>

" p " P � k k C kq m ! { p

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2 p 0� � P p $g & < < � kq m ! I p

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Page 66: japan - Penn Mathkazdan/japan/japan2up.pdf · Title: japan.dvi

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R "� � h � �� � @��

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: / ; <8 L + P 8= d~ A BC E D F � B HG D �

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� �� � � J � J $ � $� � A BC Df F �

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: / ; <8 *8= > @ A BC D I F � gC C HW � E�

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ABC EW F � I I E H I f � �

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� $� � �] h Z � BC G D F �

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ABC G f F � E HC �

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� � �� & � $� � F � � $ �� �� �9� BC E D �

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; 4 / 0 3 �, / ; 4 + . Q � R � � � � $� � ( k & &�� \ � Y & � T � � J � & $ ^� � S�� � � � BC G E� � �' � $ � � � J �]

Z ' � $ � Y �� ( x �� & Y�� S � T U� � V � y �� & $ �9� BC D g�

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6 b 3 -8 : / ; <8 :+ . ; <8= � A BC D I F � B D � HBC D �

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U� � V � J y �� & $ �9� BC C I

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L � R P � � � � �� � N � � T

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ABC D I F � G fC HG W I �

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� Z U ( I � Z� �� � �9� K� � J U "9� Z � j � � � � � � � � ' � � � % � % � � � ' � � $ � $# � ! � � � � � � �� � "� �

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ABC DB F � If B H IG � �

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� Z R � Z { � ! $ � $� � R & $ � � "9� R � � ! $ z �� � � & � � � J � � � �� � � � � � "� � "� � J � K $� � $ � � � { �� $ � _ " � A Z � h�� i � F � � � ABC E D F �

� Z ' � Z ' $# V � h�� � 6 a+ b O -3 < 3 . Q 4N 3 ­. ; -+ 5, P ; 4 + . ; + � 4 �3 -3 . ; 4 / 0 � 3 + b 3 ; -�=

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� Z � � � � � � Z � � "T ��� h � � � / - 4 / ; 4 + . / 0 :3 ; < + 5Q � / O O 0 4P / ; 4 + . Q ; + . + . 0 4 . 3 / - O / - ; 4 / 0

5 4 �3 -3 . ; 4 / 0 3 �, / ; 4 + . Q / . 5 � / b 4 0 ; + . 4 / . Q � Q ; 3 bQ = Z ' � $ � Y �� ( x �� & Y � y �� & $ �

� S �T U� � V � BC C � �

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� $� �� � ) *8 : / ; <8 :3 P <8= d ? A BC G E F � g Ef H g Df �

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�} � � � �9� ) y �� & $ � B D D g�

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� � $ � � $ � � � �9� \ � � � � �T ' � � � % � % � � � ' � � $ � $# � � � �� Y] � � �� � � !� ) a+ b b8 : / ; <8c < � Q 8= �~ A BC D B F � f DB H g � I �

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� $ � & �° h � � � ! � $� & � �' � � � � � # � f � ' � � I �

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! � $ %� & J � � ) �Q / p / : / ; <8 *8= d e A BC G � F � IB Hf E�

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ABC EG F � G WC HG E� �

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