japan-russia joint research and trans-disciplinary...
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ロシアサハ共和国における共同研究と社会との協働の取り組み
杉本敦子
北海道大学 北極域研究センター
Japan-Russia joint research and trans-disciplinary activities in Sakha (Yakutia)
Atsuko SUGIMITOArctic Research Center Hokkaido University
永久凍土とタイガ林の分布Distribution maps
永久凍土Permafrost
タイガ林Taiga
分布が一致similar
distribution
永久凍土がタイガ林の維持に重要な役割を担っているPermafrost plays an important role for
sustaining taiga forest ecosystem
25年間のサハにおける北極・亜北極域における共同研究25 years chronology of joint Arctic & sub-Arctic researches in Sakha
水・炭素循環:永久凍土、植生、炭素、メタン、栄養塩、森林火災Water & Carbon cycles: permafrost, vegetation, Carbon, CH4, Nitrogen, forest fire
1991-Grant-in-Aid for SciRes
1997-GAME/Siberia
IGBP-TEMA
2002-CREST
2009-RHIN Siberia
2015-ArCS
Sapasskaya Pad (Yakutsk), Tiksi
2011-GRENE-TEAEU-Japan
Elegeii(UstMaya)
Kodac(Chokurdakh)
2005-Core-to-Core
ロシア科学アカデミーの研究所との共同研究Joint research activities with RAS institutes (IBPC, etc)
典型的な植生サイト(タイガ、ツンドラ、境界域)での長期観測Long term field observation data at typical vegetation sites (taiga, tundra, boundary)
Larch in Yakutia Tei et al. 2014
東シベリアタイガ林樹木は温暖化に伴い成長が悪くなっているGrowth reduction of larch trees in warm period
温暖 温暖
warm warm
Larch in Yakutia Tei et al. 2014
東シベリアタイガ林樹木は温暖化に伴い成長が悪くなっているGrowth reduction of larch trees in warm period
温暖 温暖
warm warm
現在タイガ林は重要な炭素吸収の場温暖化が進むと、このタイガ林の樹木による炭素吸収は低下する
可能性がある
Currently Taiga forest ecosystem is important sink of CO2Warming may weaken the sink
Rec
onst
ruct
ed S
WE
0-60
cm d
epth
(mm
)
100年間に何度も厳しい乾燥 Repeated drought for past 100 years2006−08年に極端な湿潤 Extreme wet event in 2006-2008
60
100
140
180
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Year
Error bar
年輪炭素同位体比から復元した過去100年間の土壌水分Soil moisture reconstructed with 13C of tree ring for past 100 yrs
Tei et al., 2013
このような極端現象頻度は今後増大?Frequency of such extreme weather event will increase?
過去100年間で最も湿潤 Wettest event in past 100 yrs
Spasskaya Pad, Yakutsk
日本のプロジェクトがサハフラックスネットに貢献してきたJapanese projects have been contributing to Sakha FluxNet
Chokurdakh
Yakutsk
Ust‐Maya
Interdisciplinary studies in representative ecosystemson global climate changesin North‐Eastern Russia
Kodac森林−ツンドラ境界Forest-Tundra station
Elgeeiiタイガ林
Forest station
Spasskaya Padタイガ林
Forest station
Tiksiツンドラ
Tundra station
サハフラックスネット
Water & Carbon cycles: permafrost, vegetation, Carbon, CH4, Nitrogen, forest fire2015-Belmont Forum COPERA
IFES-GCOE (2008-2012)• 永久凍土生態系に関する特別講義/野外実習
• Special lecture course / Field short course正規コースへ
Regular course
2010 NEFU
establishedロシア北東連邦大学との共同研究と教育活動Joint research & educational activities with
NEFU (NorthEastern Federal Univ.)
2014-RJE3
2008-IFES-GCOE
1991-Grant-in-Aid for SciRes
1997-GAME/Siberia
IGBP-TEMA
2002-CREST
2009-RHIN Siberia
2015-ArCS
Sapasskaya Pad (Yakutsk), Tiksi
2011-GRENE-TEAEU-Japan
Elegeii(UstMaya)
Kodac(Chokurdakh)
2005-Core-to-Core
25年間のサハにおける北極・亜北極域における共同研究と教育活動25 years chronology of joint activities on research and education in Sakha
ロシア科学アカデミーの研究所との共同研究Joint research activities with RAS institutes (IBPC, etc)
教育活動 Educational世界展開力 RJE3 project北極圏大学 U Arctic Thematic Network on Permafrost
超学際的研究Trans-disciplinary research
Belmont Forum COPERA
Five major issues to be addressed• Environmental assessment• Cultural diversity• Soil and productivity• Regional resource development• Disaster prevention management
RJE3 program: East Russia - Japan Expert Education Program
Hokkaido University
Purposes of JRE3 program areto foster young people and
to establish a group of expertswho can lead people to sustainable society
in Far East and the Arctic region in eastern Russia with a tight relationship between Russia and Japan
環境評価 ⽂化的多様性 ⼟壌と⽣産 地域資源開発 防災管理5つの重点対応課題の設定
極東・北極圏の持続可能な環境・⽂化・開発を牽引する専⾨家育成プログラム
本構想の目的:極東・北極圏の持続可能な環境・文化・開発を牽引する専門家集団の育成
主に⼤学院⽣(修⼠・博⼠)を対象
北大とロシアの5つの大学間で実施Hokkaido University with 5 Russian universities
Examples of 2015 RJE3 Basic Subjects: Field short courses Field course on Permafrost ecosystemat Yakutsk Aug 4-149 students from Hokudai,5 from NEFU
Field course on Archeologyat Rebun Aug 16-223 students from Hokudai,5 from Russia
Field course on Architecture at Sapporo Aug 17-22,29 3 students from Hokudai,15 from Russia
2016 held in Aug 1-12
極東・北極圏の持続可能な環境・⽂化・開発を牽引する専⾨家育成プログラム
・北⽅圏の⼈類史・北⽅先住⺠の⽂化
・永久凍⼟と植⽣
・北ユーラシアの気候 など・気候変動と北⽅圏の⽣態系
・シベリアの先史学 など
・寒冷地の都市と建築・北⽅圏の建築デザイン・開発管理とインフラ計画など
・極東の経済・極東の国際関係・近現代の⽇露関係史 など
day 1 day 2
day 3 day 4
day 5
students from Hokudai 17Russian 25
total 42 students
History, culture Environment
Regional development
Politics and Economics
Presentation
2015 RJE3 基礎科⽬︓共通講義 Basic Subjects: Common lecture course
Multi-disciplinary lecture course taught by Japanese and Russian lecturers All Hokudai and Russian students got together at Sapporo Aug 24-31 2015
極東・北極圏における地域的課題解決に向けた分野横断的な講義
極東・北極圏の持続可能な環境・⽂化・開発を牽引する専⾨家育成プログラム
北極域研究における日露大学が果たす役割の
重要性Important roles of universities
in Arctic Research
ICARP III (第3回北極科学計画会議)北極研究のプライオリティー• 全球システムにおいて北極が果たす役割
• 気候ダイナミクスと生態系の応答の観測と予測
• 北極域環境と社会の脆弱性と回復力を理解し持続可能な開発をサポートすること
重要なメッセージ• コミュニケーション• 伝統的・地域の知識• 人材育成
Arctic research priorities• The Role of the Arctic in the Global
System• Observing and Predicting Future Climate
Dynamics and Ecosystem Responses• Understanding the Vulnerability and
Resilience of Arctic Environments and Societies and Supporting Sustainable Development
Overarching messagesCommunication / Traditional & local knowledge / Capacity building
大学 University• 人材育成の場• 幅広い分野の研究者が揃う*分野横断型の取り組み*将来のリーダー育成
*大学での取り組みは卒業生により社会へ還元される• Capacity building• Researchers from various
disciplines*Multi-disciplinarity*Fostering future leaders*Research results return to society through students after graduation
Belmon Forum CRA (Collaborative Research Action)Arctic Observing and Research for Sustainability
20151103 Belmont COPERA project engagement meeting
Atsuko SUGIMOTO Hokkaido University, JapanMikhail Prisyazhny North-Eastern Federal University, Russia
Kenji YOSHIKAWA University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA
C budget of ecosystems and cities and villages on permafrost
in eastern Russian Arctic (COPERA)東部ロシア北極域永久凍土上の生態系と
都市と村落の炭素収支
Japan, Russia, USA joint project (5 yr 2015-2019)(funding: 5 yr in Japan and USA, 3 yr in Russia)
Background: Problems in Arctic and subarctic regions
Climaterapid warmingsevere drought & heavy rainfall
Permafrost ecosystemdegradation of permafrostforest declinevegetation change
flooding, over-wetting
Societyrapid growth of large cities
increase in consumptioneconomic growth & crisis
increase in CO2 emission
shrink of small settlements
increase in energy cost
increase in financial burdenon government & people
impact on society
impact on global climate decrease in CO2 uptake
Background: Problems in Arctic and subarctic regions
Societyrapid growth of large cities
increase in consumptioneconomic growth & crisis
increase in CO2 emission
shrink of small settlements
increase in energy cost
increase in financial burdenon government & people
impact on permafrost ecosystem
impact on global climate
Industrylow energy efficiency more CO2 emissionhigh energy cost for mining industryunbalance of fuel export and import small business inefficient energy use = more CO2 emission
financial burden
impacts on ecosystem, society
Natural EcosystemNatural Ecosystem Human SocietyHuman Society
CO2CO2
CO2CO2
CO2CO2
CO2CO2
CO2CO2CO2CO2
CO2CO2
Carbon cycles in ecosystem and society
like a currency
--using the amount of CO2--importance of forest
efficiency of energy use
北極圏
タイガ域
Objetives to estimate C budget for territory of Sakha (Yakutia)-observations for
ecosystem-field survey and
statistical data analyseson energy consumptionfor urban and rural settlements
to establish monitering network on permafrost and temperature analysis of economic
growth and develpment CO2収支を比較:自然生態系のCO2吸収
量とエネルギー消費によるCO2排出量コストの解析
社会との協働 Cooperative Research Action Objectives
to Inspire people (& government) and change their way of thinking by showing scientific data
to foster future leadersSustainability Campus Project at NEFUUniversity is a small society (not small at Yakutsk; 10% population)Starting action from universities → After graduation, students (future leaders) will disperse the ideas
to Find what we can do together for our future by understanding each other through communication
科学的データを住民や行政に提示する→新しい考えを吹き込む
将来のリーダーを育てる
例)サステナビリティキャンパスプロジェクト at 北東連邦大
大学は社会の縮図(ヤクーツクでは人口の1割)
大学から活動を始める→卒業後、学生たちはそれぞれの地域・社会でその考えや活動を広めてくれることが期待される
住民・行政が何を必要としているかを知る→将来の研究課題へ
住民・行政担当者、他のステークホルダーとの対話を通し計画し、研究を実施し、行動する
involvement of community participants or other stakeholders in the planning, design, and completion of the research
Nov 3, 2015 COPERA Stakeholders Meeting
with participants from governmental side