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JAXAJAXA’’s Satellite Programss Satellite Programs>Earth Observation>Earth Observation>Positioning Satellite>Positioning Satellite>Disaster Monitoring >Disaster Monitoring

and Communication and Communication

NorimitsuNorimitsu KAMIMORIKAMIMORI

DirectorDirectorSatellite Systems Engineering GroupSatellite Systems Engineering GroupSpace Applications Mission Directorate Space Applications Mission Directorate Japan Japan Space Space ExplorationExploration AgencyAgency (JAXA)(JAXA)

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Aviation Program Group

Aviation Program Group

PresidentPresident

Inst. of Space &

Astro. Science

Inst. of Space &

Astro. Science

Aerospace R&D

Directorate

Aerospace R&D

Directorate

Space Transport.

MissionDirectorate

Space Transport.

MissionDirectorate

Space Applications

MissionDirectorate

Space Applications

MissionDirectorate

IGS G

roupIG

S Group

Vice-PresidentVice-President

Human Space

System & UtilizationMission

Directorate

Human Space

System & UtilizationMission

Directorate

Lunar & Planetary

Exploration Group

Lunar & Planetary

Exploration Group

Total personnel: 1,649(Apr．2007)

JAXA’s Organization

Policy Coordination

Admin. Management

Systems Engineering

S&MA

HQ functions HQ functions

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Program Management and Integration Dept.

Director T. Doura

Program Management and Integration Dept.

Director T. Doura

Earth Observation CenterDirector M.Tsuchiya

Earth Observation CenterDirector M.Tsuchiya

Satellite Applications and Promotion Center

Director T. Doura (Acting)

Satellite Applications and Promotion Center

Director T. Doura (Acting)

As of Oct 2008

Office of Space Applications

GCOM-C1 Project Proj. Manager Y. NakagawaGCOM-C1 Project Proj. Manager Y. Nakagawa

Space ApplicationsProgram SE OfficeDirector Y.Nakamura

Space ApplicationsProgram SE OfficeDirector Y.Nakamura

WINDS Project Proj. Manager Y. NakamuraWINDS Project Proj. Manager Y. Nakamura

QZSS Project Proj. Manager K. TeradaQZSS Project Proj. Manager K. Terada

GPM/DPR Project Proj. Manager M. KojimaGPM/DPR Project Proj. Manager M. Kojima

GCOM-W1 Project Proj. Manager Y. Nakagawa GCOM-W1 Project Proj. Manager Y. Nakagawa

GOSAT Project Proj. Manager Ｔ. HamazakiGOSAT Project Proj. Manager Ｔ. Hamazaki

Program Director for Space Applications

Ass.Exec.Director N.Homma

Program Director for Space Applications

Ass.Exec.Director N.Homma

Earth Observation Research and Application CenterDirector T. Fukuda (Acting)

Earth Observation Research and Application CenterDirector T. Fukuda (Acting)

Program Director for Sat. System Development

Y. Horikawa(Acting)

Program Director for Sat. System Development

Y. Horikawa(Acting)

S&MA Office Director T.Watanabe

Director for International RelationsAss.Exec.Director M.Kajii

Director for International RelationsAss.Exec.Director M.Kajii

Disaster Monitoring Sat. Pre-Project Leader Y.Osawa

Disaster Monitoring Sat. Pre-Project Leader Y.Osawa

Executive DirectorY. Horikawa

Executive DirectorY. Horikawa

Asian Cooperation CenterM.Kajii (Acting)

Asian Cooperation CenterM.Kajii (Acting)

EarthCARE/CPR Project Proj.Mangr T.KimuraEarthCARE/CPR Project Proj.Mangr T.Kimura

Super Low Altitude Test Sat. Pre-Project Leader S.Usuki

Super Low Altitude Test Sat. Pre-Project Leader S.Usuki

Satellite Systems Engineering Group

Director N.Kamimori

Satellite Systems Engineering Group

Director N.Kamimori

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Earth Observation Program of JAXA

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Disasters

EnergyEnergy

Climate Water

Health Weather EcosystemsAgriculture Biodiversity

Japanese 3 priority areas among 9 GEOSS societal benefits:•Adaptation to Global Warming and Carbon Cycle•Adaptation to Climate Variations and Water Cycle•Reduction and Prevention of Disasters

Special focus on Asia-Pacific Region9 Societal Benefit Areas9 Societal Benefit Areas

Global Earth Observation System of SystemsGlobal Earth Observation System of Systems(GEOSS)(GEOSS)

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Global environmental monitoring system integratingobservations and predictions

Observing globally with consistent accuracy

Satellite observation network

etc…Polar-orbiting

Earth observation satellite

Communication satellites

Transmission/dissemination

Process study and modeling on atmosphere, ocean, land, water cycles, and global

warming by Earth observation data users

Direct data distribution to operational users and data

archive

Predictions using prediction models for climate, hydrological cycle change, and

carbon cycleNumerical climate models Super computers

(Earth simulator)

Tools for policy making

Assessment of impact from human activities

Radiosondes

BuoysShips

Manned/unmanned aircraft

GeostationaryEarth observation satellite

Ground observation network

Global Earth Observing System of Systems（GEOSS）

Extreme weather forecasts

Extreme rain falls and droughts forecasts

Sea condition forecasts

Weather forecasts

Air pollutions

Deforestation

Emission of carbon dioxides

Information obtained

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Earth Observation Mission RoadmapEarth Observation Mission Roadmap2002～2007 2008～2012

(Next Mid-term)2013～2017

TRMMPrecipitation Radar ： 5Km,

Rain rate： 0.7mm/hTMI Microwave Radiometer：

（NASA）

TRMMPrecipitation Radar ： 5Km,

Rain rate： 0.7mm/hTMI Microwave Radiometer：

（NASA）

GPMDPR： Dual Frequency

Precipitation Radar To continuous Water Cycle Observations

To continuous Water Cycle ObservationsEarthCARE

CPR：Cloud Profile RadarFTS: Fourier Transform Spectrometer etc.

Global Water Cycle Observation

Measuring land & sea surface

To Operational Disaster Monitoring System

To Operational Disaster Monitoring System

Disaster MonitoringDemonstration Sate.

High res optical sensor： TBDSAR： TBD

Global monitoring of the Earth’s environment

GOSATGHG and Cloud sensor

To continuous Global Climate Change Observations

To continuous Global Climate Change Observations

GCOM-W/ -CAMSR F/O ：

Microwave radiometerSGLI ：

Visible Land Infrared Imager

To continuous Green House Gasses Observations

To continuous Green House Gasses Observations

ADEOS-II “Midori2”

ILAS-II： Infrared spectrometerGLI ：Visible & Infrared ImagerAMSR： Microwave Radiometer

ADEOS-II “Midori2”

ILAS-II： Infrared spectrometerGLI ：Visible & Infrared ImagerAMSR： Microwave Radiometer

Global Climate Change Monitoring Green House Gas Monitoring

ALOS ”Daichi”PRISM（Optical triplet mode, High resolution sensor； Global mapping）：2．5mPALSAR（L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar；

Land information, Disaster monitoring）：10mAVNIR-2（Visible & Near Infrared Radiometer：

Disaster monitoring etc.）：10m

ALOS ”Daichi”PRISM（Optical triplet mode, High resolution sensor； Global mapping）：2．5mPALSAR（L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar；

Land information, Disaster monitoring）：10mAVNIR-2（Visible & Near Infrared Radiometer：

Disaster monitoring etc.）：10m

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2002 2003 2004 2005

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS<AMSR-E>

AMSR-E

AQUA

El-Nino Watch

September sea ice distribution in the Arctic

• Multi-frequency, dual-polarized passive microwave radiometers for observing global climate and hydrology.

• Higher spatial resolution compared to existing instruments (e.g., SSM/I).

• Addition of 6.9-GHz channels for estimating SST and soil moisture.

(Water Cycle)

Monitoring area

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GPM is a follow-on and expanded mission of the current on-going TRMM

Improve the accuracy of both long-term and short-term weather forecastsImprove water resource management in river control and irrigation systems for agriculture

Core SatelliteTRMM Era GPM Era

Core SatelliteDual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR)

Microwave radiometer (GMI) •Precipitation with high precision •Discrimination between rain and snow

8 Constellation SatellitesMicrowave radiometer

•Global precipitation every 3 hours

Constellation Satellites

(launch in 2013)(launch around 2013)

Global Precipitation Measurement<GPM> (Water Cycle)

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<Earth CARE/CPR>

•Mission–Vertical profile of clouds, aerosol

–Interaction between clouds and aerosol

–Cloud stability and precipitation

•Orbit–Sun synchronous

–Equator crossing time 13:30

–Altitude 380km

•Instrument–CPR (cloud Profile Radar)：JAXA

–LIDAR：ESA

–MSI (Multi-Spectral Imager)：ESA

–BBR (Broad Band Radiometer)：ESA

–FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer)：ESA

•Launch target–2013

Climate monitoring of earth radiation, cloud and aerosolCooperation between ESA and Japan

(CLIMATE CHANGE)

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Number and distribution of ground-basedgreenhouse gases monitoring stations is not enough. GOSAT enables global (with 56,000 points) and frequent (at 3 days) monitoring.

Current Ground-based Observation Points (320pts)

GOSAT

Objectives(1) To observe CO2 and CH4 column density

- at 100-1000km spatial scale (with scanning mechanical)- with relative accuracy of 0.3-1% for CO2 (1-4ppmv, 3 month average).

(2) To reduce sub-continental scale CO2 annual flux estimation errors by half - 0.54GtC/yr→0.27GtC/yr

Provided by WMO WDCGG

(launch in 2008)

Increase of Observation Points using GOSAT (56,000pts)

Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite<GOSAT> (GLOBAL WARMING)

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• Global Imager follow-on instrument (SGLI)

• AMSR follow-on instrument (AMSR2)Instrument

2013(TBD)2011Launch (target)

1800 kg(SGLI 460 kg included)

2000kg(AMSR follow-on 340 kg and SeaWinds 240 kg included)

Mass

H2A launch vehicleLaunch vehicle

5 yearsMission life

Satellite overview

Type : Sun-synchronous, sub-recurrentAltitude : 798 kmInclination : 99.36 degreesLocal time of ascending node : 10:30

Type : Sun-synchronous, sub-recurrentAltitude : 699.6 kmInclination : 98.19 degreesLocal time of ascending node : 13:30

Orbit

GCOM-CGCOM-W

Global Change Observation Mission<GCOM>

• Establish and demonstrate the global and long-term Earth observing system (contribute to GEOSS)

• Contribute to improving climate change prediction in concert with climate model research institutions

Main Mission(CLIMATE CHANGE)

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Disaster Monitoring and Communication Program

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For Reduction and Prevention of DisastersFor Reduction and Prevention of Disasters

JAXA’s powerful tool– Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)– Disaster Monitoring Demonsration Sat.Cooperation in the Asia Pacific Region– Asia Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum

(APRSAF)

Contribute to building a secure and prosperous societyContribute to building a secure and prosperous societyImplement a disaster management support system through which anybody, at anytime and anywhere, can be informed about the current situations and predictions of disasters

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Very large mobile communication satellite

Residents in disaster areas

Information center

Disaster monitoring

Data collection

Information delivering to

personal terminals

Ultra high-speed communication satellite

Earth observation satellites

Positioning Satellites

Ground observation network

Information Gathering and Warning System for Disaster and Crisis Management

Forest fire

Earthquake

Sea pollutionObservation buoys Sea accident

Tsunami

Flood

Volcanic eruption

Typhoon

Heavy rain

Connection with ground netwark in disaster areas

Unmanned observatories In remote areas/sea

Integration with global communications network

Small EarthObservation satellites

GeostationaryEarth observation satellites

High-resolution land observing satellites

Global precipitation observing satellites

Disaster warning

Disaster situations

Evacuation routes instructions

Family members’ locations

Communications among sufferer

Providing services directly toPersonal terminls in disaster areas

- Disaster prediction, instructions on evacuation and confirmation of family members’ locations -

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ALOS

© JAXA

© JAXA

PRISMPanchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping

PALSAR Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar

© JAXA

AVNIR-2Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2

• Disaster monitoring• Cartography• Regional observation• Resources surveying

ALOS Pansharpen (PRISM/AVNIR-2) image over Tokyoobserved on August 29, 2006

ALOS is precursor mission for Disastre Monitoring

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Radar Satellite

Optical Sensor Satellite

Disaster Monitoring Demonstration Satellites

Mission Definition is just finished•Disaster monitoring (New main mission)•Regional observation(ALOS follow-on)•Cartography

Current System Concept• Monitoring disaster area affected

by earthquake, volcano, flood, etc.

• Observing the disaster affected area within 3 hr (6 hr in night)

•Hopefully A satellite constellation of 2 optical sensor satellites and 2 SAR satellites is necessary

• Higher spatial resolution: 1m(pan), 3m (multi), 3m (SAR)

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Tele-Medicine Tele-Education SatelliteIP Multicasting

Overcoming Digital Divide

Satellite Mobile Communications

QZSSQuasi-zenith Satellite System

WINDS “Kizuna”Wideband InterNetworking

engineering test and Demonstration Satellite

ETS-VIII “Kiku-8”Engineering Test Satellite-VIII

High accuracypositioning

DisasterManagement

-- Space Communication Infrastructure Space Communication Infrastructure --

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Launch DateLaunch Date

2006.12.18 by H2A Launcher 2006.12.18 by H2A Launcher

Planned Life SpanPlanned Life Span

Bus : 10 YearsMission Equip. : 3 YearsBus : 10 YearsMission Equip. : 3 Years

LocationLocation 146°E 146°E

ShapeShape Rectangular with Deployable AntennasRectangular with Deployable Antennas

WeightWeight Approx. 3,000kg(Initial in Orbit)Approx. 3,000kg(Initial in Orbit)

Payload WeightPayload Weight Approx. 1,200kgApprox. 1,200kg

Electric PowerElectric Power

7,500W （at the Summer Solstice after three years）7,500W （at the Summer Solstice after three years）

Attitude ControlAttitude Control 3-Axis Body Stabilization3-Axis Body Stabilization

Control AccuracyControl Accuracy

Roll/Pitch ： ±0.05°Yaw ： ±0.15°Roll/Pitch ： ±0.05°Yaw ： ±0.15°

40m

40m

Deployable Antenna

Solar Paddles

Phased Array Antenna Feeder

Antenna for Positioning

Bus

Earth

Voice and Data Transmission with Handheld or Portable Terminals

High Quality Audio and Video Multi-casting for Mobile Terminals

Positioning with a high accurate on-board atomic clock

Voice and Data Transmission with Handheld or Portable Terminals

High Quality Audio and Video Multi-casting for Mobile Terminals

Positioning with a high accurate on-board atomic clock

Application of ETS-VIII System

Engineering Test Satellite VIII “Kiku-8”launched on December 28th, 2006

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Ka-band Satellite with High Speed Transmission Capability Gbps order

Bent pipe and Onboard ATM Switching

Multi-Beam Antennas(MBA) and Active Phased Array Antennas(APAA) with high speed scanning capability

Ka-band Satellite with High Speed Transmission Capability Gbps order

Bent pipe and Onboard ATM Switching

Multi-Beam Antennas(MBA) and Active Phased Array Antennas(APAA) with high speed scanning capability

Outline of WINDS System

Tx Antenna for Japanese islands Tx & Rx Antenna for Asia Pacific

Tx & Rx APAA

Launch ScheduleLaunch Schedule

Feb. 2008by H2A Launcher Feb. 2008by H2A Launcher

LocationLocation 143°E143°E

DimensionDimension 3 x 2 x 8mWidth 23m3 x 2 x 8mWidth 23m

MASSMASS 4,850 kg ( lift off )4,850 kg ( lift off )

Electric PowerElectric Power

6,500W / EOL, Summer Solstice6,500W / EOL, Summer Solstice

Attitude ControlAttitude Control

Zero-momentum 3-Axis ControlZero-momentum 3-Axis Control

FrequencyFrequency U/L : 28 GHz BW : 1.1GHxD/L : 18 GHzU/L : 28 GHz BW : 1.1GHxD/L : 18 GHz

SatelliteG/TSatelliteG/T

> 21 dB/K ( MBA )> 11 dB/K ( APAA)> 21 dB/K ( MBA )> 11 dB/K ( APAA)

SatelliteEIRPSatelliteEIRP

≒ 70 dBW ( MBA )≒ 55 dBW ( APAA)≒ 70 dBW ( MBA )≒ 55 dBW ( APAA)

OnboardProcessingOnboardProcessing ATM Baseband SWATM Baseband SW

Wideband InterNetworking engineering test and Demonstration Satellite

<WINDS> “Kizuna”

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Any place to Any place ; High Speed Beam Scanning

Advance Phased Array Anntena and Beam Scanningｰ Able to cover any place in Asia-Pacific ｰ

Rx APAATx APAA

Thermal RadiationPanel

High Speed Scanning Beam

649mm 539mm

468mm287mm

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Positioning Satellite Program

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L-band Helical Array Antenna

Satellite Configuration

QuasiQuasi--Zenith Navigation SatelliteZenith Navigation Satellite<QZS>

Deployable Solar Cell Array Panel

Launch ScheduleLaunch Schedule

2010 (TBD)by H2A Launcher 2010 (TBD)by H2A Launcher

AspectAspectBoxed shape. Fixed antennas mounted on the earth side.

Boxed shape. Fixed antennas mounted on the earth side.

Design LifeDesign Life 10 years10 years

OrbitOrbit Quasi-Zenith Orbit (i:45 deg,e:0.099,a:42,164km)Quasi-Zenith Orbit (i:45 deg,e:0.099,a:42,164km)

MassMass About 1,800kg （dry)About 1,800kg （dry)

Electric PowerElectric Power About 5.3kW （EOL)About 5.3kW （EOL)

AOCSAOCS Three-Axis attitude control. Three-Axis attitude control.

NAV payloadNAV payload

NAV signals: L-band 6 signals on 4 frequencies TWSTFT: Ku-band (developed by NICT)

NAV signals: L-band 6 signals on 4 frequencies TWSTFT: Ku-band (developed by NICT)

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QZSS orbit constellationThree satellites are in elliptical and inclined orbits in different orbital planes to pass over the same ground track. QZSS is designed so that at least one satellite out of three satellites exists near zenith over Japan.

(a=42,164km, e=0.099, i=45deg, Ω= 120deg apart)Perigee Altitude is about 32,000km.

Apogee altitude is about 40,000km.

QZSS System Design

QZSS orbit constellation

GSO sat elevation angle

QZSS elevation anglehigher than 70 deg

less than 48 deg @Tokyo (latitude N36 deg)

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Schedule of JAXA Application Satellites

Approved Project Planned Project GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Period

Legends: Satellite name/Sensor name Japanese Satellite/Japanese Sensor, Foreign satellite/Foreign Sensor

20192017

ClimateChange

includingWaterCycle

Variation

2013 2014 2015 201620112005 2007

Schedule of JAXA application programs/projects

Active radio wavesensor (Microwave

scatterometer)

2006 20122008 2009 2010 2018

Passive opticalsensor (IR

spectrometer)

2003 2004

GlobalWarming

and CarbonCycle

Change

Active radio wavesensor

（Precipitationradar）

Active radio wavesensor（Cloudprofiling radar）

Active microwavesensor (Microwave

radiometer)

DisasterMonitoringProgram

Passive optical sensor(Visible and IR highresolution sensor)

Active radio wave sensor (L-band synthetic aperture

radar)

Program

EarthObservationProgram

Communication& PositioningProgram

Communication

Positioning

Active optical sensor(LIDAR)

Passive opticalsensor (Multi-

spectral radiometer)

Sensor Type

GOSAT / Greenhouse Gas Observation Sensor (GOS)ADEOS-II/ILAS-II

Aqua /AMSR-E

ADEOS-II/AMSR

GCOM-C1/SGLI

GCOM-W1/AMSR-2

ADEOS-II/GLI

EarthCARE /CPR

GPM /DPR (Dual frequency Precipitation Radar)TRMM /PR

94GHz Doppler Radar, Range Resolution 500m, Field of View 650m

Ku band 13.6GHz, Ka band 35.5GHz, Swath 245km, Horizontal Resolution 5km, Range Resolution 250m

6.9-89GHz(6ch), Swath 1600km, Spatial Resolution 5-50km

Spectral Range 0.38-12µm(22ch, multiple polarization/direction channel included),Swath 1150km, Spatial Resolution 250m, 500m, 1km

Spectral Range 0.78～14.3µm(5ch),Swath approx. 1000km,Spatial Resolution 8km(Nadir),Target Accuracy　 4ppmv(3 months average)

JFY

Next Greenhouse Gas Observation Satellite

ADEOS-II/SeaWinds

ETS-VIII　 / Large Deployabel Anntena

WINDS / Wide-band Internet working satellite

Quazi-Zennis Satellite System

ALOS / PRISM, AVNIR-2

Disaster Monitoring Satellite-1ALOS / PALSAR

PRISM : Spectral Range 0.52-0.77µm, Resolution 2.5m, Swath 70km(Nadir)AVNIR-2 : Spectral Range 0.42-0.89µm(4 band), Resolution 10m, Swath 70km(Nadir)

PALSAR : L band 1270GHz, Resolution 10m, Swath 40km-70km

Disaster Monitoring Satellite-2

Terra /ASTER