jean piaget his life his theory applications in education

Jean Piaget

His LifeHis TheoryApplications in Education

Outline Who is Jean Piaget? How did he Start Working in

Psychology? Piagetian Glossary His Theory:

– Stages of Development:Sensorimotor Stage (0 – 2 years)Preoperational Stage (2 – 6/7 years)Concrete Operational Stage (6/7 years – 11

years)Formal Operational Stage (11 –15 years)

Applications of his theory in Education

Who’s Jean Piaget? Place Of Birth:

Switzerland Date of Birth: August

9th, 1896 First Appearance: at

the age of 11, he wrote a short notice on an albino sparrow – this is considered as the start of a brilliant scientific career.

How did he Start Working in Psychology?

PHD in Natural Science.

Moving to France – Working at a school.

First experiential studies of the growing mind.

Piagetian Glossary Genetic Epistemology: The study of

the origins of knowledge.

– Do we just add more information over time? No!

– Children are not just little adults who have not acquired as much knowledge.

– They think in qualitatively different ways.– Their thinking is not illogical, but employs

a different logic.

Example

Piagetian Glossary Schemas: Simple skills that the

individual possesses and that direct the way this individual is to explore his/her environment and gain more knowledge.

Example

Piagetian Glossary

Example

Assimilation: Incorporation of new material from the environment into a schema.

Piagetian Glossary

Example

Accommodation: Changing a certain schema to fit the environment.

Piagetian Glossary Adaptation: Piaget’s term of what

we call “Learning”; individuals use schemata to understand features of the world.

Piagetian Glossary Equilibrium: when Assimilation and

Accommodation work in harmony together; it means that adaptation is driven by a biological drive to obtain balance between schemes and the environment.

Further Investigations…

Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive Development

Basic Assumption:– Development is children’s attempts to

make sense of the world. Development is the orderly,

qualitative, and adaptive changes in:– Physical– Personal– Social– CognitiveAspects of an individual.


Factors that Influence Development:

– Maturation

– Activity

– Social Transmission


Two major characteristics to the theory:

– The process of coming to know

– The stages the individual moves through as he/she gradually acquire the ability to know.


Video 1: Introduction to Piaget.


Sensorimotor Stage (0 – 2 years)

Preoperational Stage (2 – 6/7 years)

Concrete Operational Stage (6/7 – 11 years)

Formal Operational Stage (11– 15 years)


Sensorimotor Stage: (0-2 Years)

– Infant uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world.

Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentSensorimotor Stage

Period Characteristics

0-1 months -Reflex activity only-No differentiation

1-4 months -Hand-mouth coordination-Differentiation via sucking

4-8 months -Hand-eye coordination-Repeats unusual events


Period Characteristics

8-12 months -Coordination of two schemata-Object permanence attained

12-18 months -New means through experimentation-follows sequential displacements

18-24 months -Internal representations-New means through mental combinations


Video 2: Object Permanence


Preoperational Stage: (2-6/7 Years)

– The development of internal representation permits the young child to begin to use symbols to represent objects

Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperational Stage

Egocentric Stage (2-4 years)

– Problems are solved through representation

– Language develops

– Thought and logic are both EGOCENTRIC

Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperational Stage – Egocentric Stage

Video 3: Egocentrism

Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperational Stage

Intuitive Stage (5-7 years)

– Child cannot solve conservation problems

– Judgments are based on perception rather than logic

Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperational Stage – Intuitive Stage

Video 4: Conservative Tasks


Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

– Child attains reversibility

– Child can solve conservative problems

– Logical operations developed and applied to concrete problems

– Child cannot solve complex verbal problems

Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentConcrete Operational Stage

Video 5: Logical Operations


Formal Operational Stage (11-15 years)

– Child can logically solve all types of problems

– Child can think scientifically

– Child can solve complex verbal problems

– Cognitive structures attained

Piaget’s Theory:Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentFormal Operational Stage

Video 6: Formal Operational Child

Application of Piaget’s Theory in Education

“Learning Comes Through “Doing” – It is an

active process”


Learner-Centered Philosophy

Activity is Essential

Individualized Instruction


Teaching at all levels of education must be

founded on the activity of the learner. Concepts

CANNOT be taught through verbal instruction.


Six Principles

1. The teacher should create an environment and an atmosphere in which children will be active and will initiate and complete their own activities. The teacher should provide time to spare and materials to complete self-initiated activities.


Six Principles

2. Teachers should give feedback to their students when dealing with social-arbitrary knowledge, but when it comes to physical and logical-mathematical knowledge feedback should not be given.


Six Principles

3. Teachers should let the preoperational child go through stages of being “wrong”.


Six Principles

4. Teachers should know that some types of knowledge are best learned and motivated through interaction with other children.


Six Principles

5. View all Aspects of Knowledge as inseparable.


Six Principles

6. If you want a child to acquire a specific fact or piece of content that is not available to him, teach it directly and reinforce the learning.


Other Teaching Considerations

Teachers are organizers of the learning

process.

Teachers are assessors of the child’s

thinking.

Teachers are initiators of group activities

Materials

Development is not automatic

Accelerations

References A Brief Biography of Jean Piaget – Piaget

Archives. Jean Piaget – Psychology History The Piaget Handbook for Teachers and

Parents – Teachers’ College Press Piaget for the Classroom Teacher –

Wadsworth Knowledge and Development – Easly The Teaching of Young Children – Schoken Piaget in the Classroom – Shwebel and

Ralph

The End

jean piaget his life his theory applications in education

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