jft;k lTTkkn tghjjft;k lTTkkn tghjjft;k lTTkkn tghjjft;k lTTkkn tghjjft;k lTTkkn tghj

tUe % 15 I+kQjojh] lu~ 1917] vtesj (jktLFkku)izeq[k jpuk,¡ % ”knZ xqykc (mnwZ dgkuh laxzg)lEeku % lksfo;r Hkwfe usg: iqjLdkj] mnwZ vdknseh]mÙkj&izns'k] vf[ky Hkkjrh; ysf[kdk la?k vokMZfu/u % 18 fnlacj] lu~ 1979

gekjs n<+ ladYi gh gekjh rkdr gSa]

gekjk fy[kuk gh gesa ¯”knk j[krk gSA

jf”k;k lTTkkn ”kghj ewyr% mnwZ dh dgkuh ysf[kdk gSaA mUgksaus ch-,- rd dh f'k{kk?kj ij jgdj gh izkIr dhA fookg osQ ckn mUgksaus bykgkckn ls mnwZ esa ,e-,- dh ijh{kkmÙkh.kZ dhA lu~ 1947 esa os v”kesj ls y[kumQ vkb± vkSj ogk¡ djker gqlSu xYlZ dkWystesa i<+kus yxhaA lu~ 1965 eas mudh fu;qfDr lksfo;r lwpuk foHkkx esa gqbZA

vkèkqfud mnZw dFkk&lkfgR; esa mudk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA mUgksaus dgkuh vkSj miU;klnksuksa fy[ks gSaa] mnwZ esa cky&lkfgR; dh jpuk Hkh dh gSA ekSfyd ltZu osQ lkFk&lkFk mUgksausdbZ vU; Hkk"kkvksa ls mnwZ esa oqQN iqLrdksa osQ vuqokn Hkh fd, gSaA jf”k;k th dh Hkk"kklgt] ljy vkSj eqgkojsnkj gSA mudh oqQN dgkfu;k¡ nsoukxjh esa Hkh fyI;karfjr gks pqdhgSaA

jf”k;k lTTkkn ”kghj dh dgkfu;ksa esa lkekftd ln~Hkko] èkkfeZd lfg".kqrk vkSjvkèkqfud lanHkks± esa cnyrs gq, ikfjokfjd ewY;ksa dks mHkkjus dk liQy iz;kl feyrk gSAlkekftd ;FkkFkZ vkSj ekuoh; xq.kksa dk lgt lkeatL; mudh dgkfu;ksa dh fo'ks"krk gSAmudh dgkfu;ksa dh Hkk"kk lgt] ljy vkSj eqgkojsnkj gSA

16++ ++ + ++ ++ +

jf”k;k lTTkkn ”kghj dh ued 'kh"kZd dgkuh Hkkjr&ikd foHkktu osQ ckn ljgnosQ nksuksa rjI+kQ osQ foLFkkfir iquokZZflr tuksa osQ fnyksa dks VVksyrh ,d ekfeZd dgkuh gSAfnyksa dks VVksyus dh bl dksf'k'k esa vius&ijk,] nsl&ijnsl dh dbZ izpfyr èkkj.kkvksa ijloky [kM+s fd, x, gSaA foLFkkfir gksdj vkbZ fl[k chch vkt Hkh ykgkSj dks gh viukoru ekurh gSa vkSj lkSxkr osQ rkSj ij ogk¡ dk ued yk, tkus dh I+kQjekb'k djrh gSaA dLVevfèkdkjh ued ys tkus dh btk”kr nsrs gq, (ftls ys tkuk xSjdkuwuh gS) nsgyh dks viukoru crkrk gSA blh rjg Hkkjrh; dLVe vfèkdkjh lquhy nklxqIr dk dguk gS] ¶esjkoru <kdk gSA jk"Vª&jkT;ksa dh u;h lhek&js[kk,¡ [khaph tk pqdh gSa vkSj e”kgch vkèkkj ijyksx bu js[kkvksa osQ bèkj&mèkj viuh txgsa eqdjZj dj pqosQ gSa] blosQ ckotwn ”kehu ij[khaph xbZ js[kk,¡ muosQ vareZu rd ugha igq¡p ikbZ gSaA (jktuhfrd ;FkkFkZ osQ Lrj ij muosQoru dh igpku cny pqdh gS] ¯drq ;g mudk gkfnZd ;FkkFkZ ugha cu ik;k gSA) ,dvupkgh] vizhfrdj ckgjh ckè;rk us mUgsa vius&vius tUe&LFkkuksa ls foLFkkfir rks djfn;k gS] ij og muosQ fnykas ij dC”kk ugha dj ikbZ gSA ued tSlh NksVh&lh ph”k dklI+kQj igpku osQ bl gkfnZd igyw dks ijr&nj&ijr m?kkM+ nsrk gSA ;g gkfnZd igyw tcrd ljgn osQ vkj&ikj thfor gS] rc rd ;g mEehn dh tk ldrh gS fd jktuhfrdljgnsa ,d fnu csekuh gks tk,¡xhA ykgkSj osQ dLVe vfèkdkjh dk ;g dFku cgqr lkjxfHkZrgSμmudks ;g ued nsrs oDr esjh rjI+kQ ls dfg,xk fd ykgkSj vHkh rd mudk oru gSvkSj nsgyh esjk] rks ckdh lc jÝ+rk&jÝ+rk Bhd gks tk,xkA

bls i<+rs gq, ,d loky gekjs eu esa ”k:j mB ldrk gSμD;k èkeZ&e”kgc osQ vkèkkjij u;h ljgnksa osQ vkj&ikj isaQd fn, x, yksxksa dh og ih<+h ftuosQ fnyksa esa viuhtUe&LFkyh osQ izfr xgjk yxko gS] osQ [kRe gks tkus ij ¶jÝ+rk&jÝ+rk Bhd gks tkus dhmEehn Hkh [kRe gks tk,xh\ D;k u;h ih<+h osQ vkus ij Hkh ;g mEehn cuh jgsxh\

jft+;k lTTkkn t+ghj

129

vkjksg

130ueduedueduedued

mu fl[k chch dks ns[kdj lfI+kQ;k gSjku jg xbZ Fkh] fdldnj og mldh ek¡ ls feyrh FkhA ogh Hkkjh Hkjde ftLe]NksVh&NksVh pednkj vk¡[ksa] ftuesa usdh] eqgCcr vkSj jgefnyhdh jks'kuh txexk;k djrh FkhA psgjk tSls dksbZ [kqyh gqbZfdrkcA oSlk gh lI+ksQn ckjhd eyey dk nqi^k tSlkmldh vEek eqgjZe esa vks<+k djrh FkhA

tc lfI+kQ;k us dbZ ckj mudh rjI+kQ eqgCcr ls ns[kkrks mUgksaus Hkh mlosQ ckjs esa ?kj dh cgw ls iwNkA mUgsa crk;k x;k fd ;s eqlyeku gSaAdy gh lqcg ykgkSj tk jgh gSa vius Hkkb;ksa ls feyus] ftUgsa bUgksaus dbZ lky ls ughans[kkA ykgkSj dk uke lqudj os mBdj lfI+kQ;k osQ ikl vk cSBha vkSj mls crkus yxha fdmudk ykgkSj fdruk I;kjk 'kgj gSA ogk¡ osQ yksx oSQls [kwclwjr gksrs gSa] mEnk [kkus vkSjuI+kQhl diM+ksa osQ 'kkSdhu] lSj&likVs osQ jfl;k] ¯”knkfnyh dh rLkohjA

dhrZu gksrk jgkA os vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk ckrsa djrh jghaA lfI+kQ;k us nks&,d ckj chpesa iwNk Hkh]¶ekrk th] vkidks rks ;gk¡ vk, cgqr lky gks x, gksaxsA¸ ¶gk¡ csVh! tc¯gnqLrku cuk Fkk rHkh vk, FksA oSls rks vc ;gk¡ Hkh gekjh dksBh cu xbZ gSA fc”kusl gS]lc Bhd gh gS] ij ykgkSj cgqr ;kn vkrk gSA gekjk oru rks th ykgkSj gh gSA¸

fiQj iydksa ls oqQN flrkjs VwVdj nwfèk;k vk¡py esa lek tkrs gSaA ckr vkxs pyiM+rh] exj ?kwe&fiQjdj fiQj mlh txg ij vk tkrhμμ^lkMk ykgkSj*!

dhrZu dksbZ X;kjg cts [kRe gqvkA tc os izlkn gkFk esa fy, mBus yxha vkSjlkfI+kQ;k osQ lyke osQ tokc esa nqvk,¡ nsrh gqbZ jQ[klr gksus yxha rc lfI+kQ;k us èkhes lsiwNk] ¶vki ykgkSj ls dksbZ lkSxkr e¡xkuk pkgsa rks eq>s gqDe nhft,A¸

os njok”ks ls yxh [kM+h FkhaA fgpfdpkdj cgqr gh vkfgLrk ls cksyha] ¶vxj ykldks rks FkksM+k&lk ykgkSjh ued ykukA¸

ianzg fnu ;ksa xq”kjs fd irk gh ugha pykA fTke[kkuk dh 'kkesaa] nksLrksa dh eqgCcr]Hkkb;ksa dh [kkfrjnkfj;k¡μmudk cl u pyrk Fkk fd fcNqM+h gqbZ ijnslh cfgu osQ fy,D;k oqQN u dj nsa! nksLrksa] v”kh”kksa dh ;g gkyr fd dksbZ oqQN fy, vk jgk gS] dksbZ

ued

131

oqQNA dgk¡ j[ksa] oSQls iSd djsa] D;ksa dj ys tk,¡μ,d leL;k FkhA lcls cM+h leL;k Fkhcknkeh dkx”k dh ,d iqfM+;k dh ftlesa dksbZ lsj Hkj ykgkSjh ued FkkA

lfI+kQ;k dk HkkbZ ,d cgqr cM+k iqfyl vI+kQlj FkkA mlus lkspk fd og Bhd jk;ns losQxkA pqiosQ ls iwNus yxh] ¶D;ksa HkS;k] ued ys tk ldrs gSa\¸

og gSjku gksdj cksyk] ¶ued\ ued rks ugha ys tk ldrs] xSjdkuwuh gS vkSj--- vkSjued dk vki D;k djsaxh\ vki yksxksa osQ fgLls esa rks gels cgqr ”;knk ued vk;k gSA¸

og >q¡>yk xbZ] ¶eSa fgLls&c[kjs dh ckr ugha dj jgh gw¡] vk;k gksxkA eq>s rks ykgkSjdk ued pkfg,] esjh ek¡ us ;gh e¡xok;k gSA¸

HkkbZ dh le> esa oqQN ugha vk;kA ek¡ dk D;ksa f”kØ Fkk] os rks c¡Vokjs ls igys ghej pqdh FkhaA

”kjk ujeh ls le>kus osQ vank”k esa cksyk] ¶nsf[k, ckth! vkidks dLVe ls xq”kjukgS vkSj vxj ,d Hkh ph”k ,slh&oSlh fudy vkbZ rks vkiosQ lkeku dh ¯pnh&¯pnh fc[ksjnsaxs dLVeokysA dkuwu tks---¸

og fcxM+dj cksyha] ¶fudy vkus dk D;k eryc] eSa D;k pksjh ls ys tkmQ¡xh\fNik osQ ys tkmQ¡xh\ eSa rks fn[kk osQ] trk osQ ys tkmQ¡xh\¸

¶HkbZ] ;g rks vki cgqr gh xyr ckr djsaxhA--- dkuwu---A¸¶vjs] fiQj ogh dkuwu&dkuwu dgs tkrs gks! D;k lc dkuwu gqowQer osQ gh gksrs gSa]

oqQN eqgCcr] eqjkSor] vknfe;r] balkfu;r osQ ugha gksrs\ vkf[kj dLVeokys Hkh balkugksrs gSa] dksbZ e'khu rks ugha gksrsA¸

¶gk¡] os e'khu rks ugha gksrs] ij eSa vkidks ;dhu fnykrk gw¡ os 'kk;j Hkh ugha gksrsAmudks rks viuh M~;wVh djuh gksrh gSaA¸

¶vjs ckck] rks eSa dc dg jgh gw¡ fd og M~;wVh u djsaA ,d rksgI+kQk gS] og Hkhpan iSlksa dk] 'kkSd ls ns[k ysa] dksbZ lksuk&pk¡nh ugha] Lexy dh gqbZ ph”k ugha] CySdekosZQV dk eky ughaA¸

¶vc vkils dkSu cgl djsA vki vnhc Bgjha vkSj lHkh vnhcksa dk fnekxFkksM+k&lk rks ”k:j gh ?kwek gqvk gksrk gSA oSls eSa vkidks crk, nsrk gw¡ fd vki ys ughatk ik,¡xh vkSj cnukeh eqÝ+ r esa ge lcdh Hkh gksxhA vkf[kj vki dLVeokyksa dks fdruktkurh gSaa\¸

mlus xqLls ls tokc fn;k] ¶dLVeokyksa dks tkusa ;k u tkusa] ij ge balkuksa dksFkksM+k&lk ”k:j tkurs gSaA vkSj jgh fnekx dh ckr lks vxj lHkh yksxksa dk fnekx gevnhcksa dh rjg ?kwek gqvk gksrk rks ;g nqfu;k oqQN csgrj gh txg gks tkrh] HkS;kA¸

vkjksg

132

ued

133

ekjs xqLls osQ mldh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw cgus yxs FksA mldk HkkbZ flj fgykdj pqi gks x;kAvxys jks”k nks cts fnu dks mls jokuk gksuk FkkA lqcg osQ fy, cgqr O;Lr dk;ZØe

cu pqdk Fkk] blfy, mls lkjh iSfoaQx jkr gh dks djuh FkhA dejs dk njok”kk vanj lscan djosQ og lkeku ck¡èkus yxhA bèkj&mèkj iSQyh gqb± ph”kas èkhjs&èkhjs fleVdj lwVosQlvkSj fcLrjcan esa pyh xb±A flI+kZQ nks ph”ksa jg xb±A ,d rks og NksVh&lh Vksdjh ftlesadhuw Fks] ,d nksLr dk rksgI+kQkμlarjs vkSj ekYVs dks feykdj iSnk fd;k x;k iQy] ekYVsdh rjg jaxhu vkSj ehBk] larjs dh rjg uk”kqdA vkSj nwljh Fkh og ued dh iqfM+;kA

vc rd lfI+kQ;k dk xqLlk mrj pqdk FkkA Hkkouk osQ LFkku ij cqf¼ èkhjs&èkhjs mlij gkoh gks jgh FkhA ued dh iqfM+;k ys rks tkuh gS] ij oSQls\ vPNk] vxj bls gkFkesa ys ysa vkSj dLVeokyksa osQ lkeus lcls igys blh dks j[k nsa\ ysfdu vxj dLVeokyksaus u tkus fn;k! rks e”kcwjh gS] NksM+ nsaxsA ysfdu fiQj ml ok;ns dk D;k gksxk tks geusviuh ek¡ ls fd;k Fkk\ ge vius dks lS;n dgrs gSaA fiQj ok;nk djosQ >qBykus osQ D;kek;us\ tku nsdj Hkh ok;nk iwjk djuk gksxkA exj oSQls\ vPNk] vxj bls dhuqvksa dhVksdjh esa lcls uhps j[k fy;k tk, rks brus dhuqvksa osQ <sj esa Hkyk dkSu bls ns[ksxk\vkSj vxj ns[k fy;k\ ugha th] iQyksa dh Vksdfj;k¡ rks vkrs oDr Hkh fdlh dh ugha ns[khtk jgh FkhaA mèkj ls osQys] bèkj ls dhuw lc gh yk jgs Fks] ys tk jgs FksA ;gh Bhd gS]fiQj ns[kk tk,xkA

mlus dhuw dkyhu ij myV fn,A Vksdjh [kkyh dh vkSj ued dh iqfM+;k mBkdjVksdjh dh rg esa j[k nhA ,d ckj >k¡ddj mlus iqfM+;k dks ns[kk vkSj mls ,slk eglwlgqvk ekuks mlus viuh fdlh I;kjs dks dcz dh xgjkbZ esa mrkj fn;k gks! oqQN nsj mdM+w¡cSBh og iqfM+;k dks rdrh jgh vkSj mu dgkfu;ksa dks ;kn djrh jgh ftUgsa og viuscpiu esa vEek ls lquk djrh Fkh] ftuesa 'kgtknk viuh jku phjdj ghjk fNik ysrk FkkvkSj nsoksa] [kkSI+kQukd Hkwrksa rFkk jk{klksa osQ lkeus ls gksrk gqvk ljgnksa ls xq”kj tkrk FkkA bl”kekus esa ,slh dksbZ rjdhc ugha gks ldrh Fkh ojuk og viuk fny phjdj mlesa ;gued fNik ysrhA mlus ,d vkg HkjhA

fiQj og dhuqvksa dks ,d&,d djosQ Vksdjh esa j[kus yxh] iqfM+;k osQ bèkj&mèkj]vklikl vkSj fiQj mQij] ;gk¡ rd fd og fcYkoqQy fNi xbZA vk'oLr gksdj mlus gkFk>kMs+] lwVosQl iyax osQ uhps f[kldk;k] Vksdjh mBkdj iyax osQ fljgkus j[kh] vkSjysVdj nksgj vks<+ yhA

jkr dks rdjhcu Ms<+ cts FksA ekpZ dh lqgkuh gok f[kM+dh dh tkyh ls vk jghFkhA ckgj pk¡nuh lkI+kQ vkSj BaMh FkhA f[kM+dh osQ djhc yxk paik dk ,d ?kuk nj[r

vkjksg

134

lkeus dh nhokj ij ifÙk;ksa osQ vDl ygdk jgk FkkA dHkh fdlh rjI+kQ ls fdlh dh nchgqbZ [kk¡lh dh vkgV] nwj ls osQ fdlh oqQÙks osQ HkkSadus ;k jksus dh vkok”k] pkSdhnkj dhlhVh vkSj fiQj lÂkVk! ;g ikfdLrku FkkA ;gk¡ mlosQ rhu lxs HkkbZ Fks] cs'kqekj pkgusokysnksLr Fks] cki dh dcz Fkh] uUgs&uUgs Hkrhts&Hkrhft;k¡ Fkha tks mlls cM+h eklwfe;r lsiwNrs] ^iwQI+kQhtku] vki gnqLrku esa D;ksa jgrh gSa] tgk¡ ge yksx ugha vk ldrsA* mu lcosQvkSj lfI+kQ;k osQ chp esa ,d ljgn Fkh vkSj cgqr gh uksdnkj yksgs dh NM+ksa dk taxyk]tks dLVe dgykrk FkkA

dy og ykgkSj ls pyh tk,xhA gks ldrk gS] lkyHkj ckn fiQj vk,A ,d lky lsigys rks og vk Hkh ugha ldrh Fkh vkSj ;g Hkh gks ldrk Fkk fd vc dHkh u vk losQA

mldh vk¡[ksa vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk can gksus yxhaA fiQj mls ,d lI+ksQn nqi s dk nwfèk;kvk¡py ygjkrk fn[kkbZ nsus yxk] ftl ij ;gk¡&ogk¡ flrkjs f>yfeyk jgs Fksμgesa ogk¡ lsvk, rks cgqr fnu gks x,] ;gk¡ gekjh dksBh Hkh gS] fc”kusl Hkh] ge ;gk¡ cl Hkh x, gSa]ij gekjk oru rks th ykgkSj gh gSA

fiQj fn[kk bdcky dk edcjk] ykgkSj dk fdyk] fdys osQ ihNs Mwcrs gq, lwjt dhukjaxh fdj.ksa] vklikl ls iSQyrk&mHkjrk v¡èksjk] ml jaxhu v¡èksjs esa cgrh gqbZ uje gokAml gok esa jph gqbZ ekSyfljh dh [kq'kcw vkSj edcjs dh lhf<+;ksa ij cSBs gq, nks balkuμflj >qdk, pqipki] mnkl] tSls nks cstku ijNkb;k¡A

¶rks rqe dy pyh tkvksxh\¸¶gk¡!¸¶vc dc vkvksxh\¸¶ekywe ugha] 'kk;n vxys lkyA 'kk;n dHkh ughaA¸vpkud mldh vk¡[ksa [kqy xb±A 'kk;n mlus edcjs dh lhf<+;ksa osQ uhps yxh nwc ls

,d iÙkh rksM+h Fkh ftl ij BaMh vksl teuh 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA gqvk ;g Fkk fd uhan esa djoVysrs gq, mldk dhuqvksa ls yckyc Hkjh Vksdjh ij tk iM+k Fkkμjlhys] BaMs dhuw ftudks nsrsoDr mlosQ nksLr us dgk Fkk] ¶;g ¯gnqLrku&ikfdLrku dh ,drk dk esok gSA¸

lfI+kQ;k I+kQLVZ Dykl osQ os Vx :e esa cSBh FkhA nsgyh rd dk fdjk;k mlosQ HkkbZus fn;k FkkA og gkFk esa fVdV nck, osfVax :e osQ ckgj IysViQkeZ ij Vgy jgk FkkA

og vanj cSBh pk; dh I;kyh gkFk esa fy, dhuqvksa dh Vksdjh ij fuxkgsa tek, ;glksp jgh Fkh fd vklikl] bèkj&mèkj brus yksx gSa] ysfdu flI+kZQ ogh tkurh gS fd Vksdjhdh rg esa dhuqvksa osQ uhps ued dh iqfM+;k gSA

ued

135

tc mldk lkeku dLVe ij tk¡p osQ fy, ckgj fudkyk tkus yxk rks mls ,df>jf>jh&lh vkbZ vkSj ,dne ls mlus I+kSQlyk fd;k fd eqgCcr dk ;g rksgI+kQk pksjh lsugha tk,xk] ued dLVeokyksa dks fn[kk,xh ogA mlus tYnh ls iqfM+;k fudkyh vkSjgSaMcSx esa j[k yh] ftlesa mldk iSlksa dk ilZ vkSj ikliksVZ vkfn FksA tc lkeku dLVels gksdj jsy dh rjI+kQ pyk rks og ,d dLVe vI+kQlj dh rjI+kQ c<+hA ”;knkrj es”ksa[kkyh gks pqdh FkhaA ,d&nks ij bDdk&nqDdk lkeku j[kk FkkA ogh ,d lkgc [kM+s Fksμyackdn] nqcyk&iryk ftLe] f[kpM+h cky] vk¡[kksa ij ,sudA os dLVe vI+kQlj dh onhZ igusrks Fks exj mu ij og oqQN t¡p ugha jgh FkhA lfI+kQ;k oqQN fgpfdpkdj cksyh] ¶eSa vkilsoqQN iwNuk pkgrh gw¡A ¸

mUgksaus u”kj Hkjdj mls xkSj ls ns[kkA cksys] ¶I+kQjekb,A¸muosQ ygTks us lfI+kQ;k dh fgEer c<+k nh] ¶vki---vki dgk¡ osQ jgus okys gSa\¸mUgksaus oqQN gSjku gksdj mls fiQj xkSj ls ns[kk] ¶esjk oru nsgyh gS] vki Hkh rks

gekjh gh rjI+kQ dh ekywe gksrh gSa] vius vth”kksa ls feyus vkbZ gksaxhA¸¶th gk¡A eSa y[kumQ dh gw¡A vius Hkkb;ksa ls feyus vkbZ FkhA os yksx bèkj vk x,

gSaA vkidks---vkidks Hkh rks 'kk;n bèkj vk,μ\¸¶th] tc ikfdLrku cuk Fkk rHkh vk, Fks] exj gekjk oru rks nsgyh gh gSA¸lfI+kQ;k us gSaMcSx es”k ij j[k fn;k vkSj ued dh iqfM+;k fudkydj muosQ lkeus

j[k nh vkSj fiQj vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk jQd&jQd dj mudks lc oqQN crk fn;kAmUgksaus iqfM+;k dks èkhjs ls viuh rjI+kQ ljdkuk 'kq: fd;kA tc lfI+kQ;k dh ckr

[kRe gks xbZ rc mUgksaus iqfM+;k dks nksuksa gkFkksa esa mBk;k] vPNh rjg yisVk vkSj [kqnlfI+kQ;k osQ cSx esa j[k fn;kA cSx lkfI+kQ;k dks nsrs gq, cksys] ¶eqgCcr rks dLVe ls blrjg xq”kj tkrh gS fd dkuwu gSjku jg tkrk gSA¸

og pyus yxh rks os Hkh [kM+s gks x, vkSj dgus yxs] ¶tkek efLtn dh lhf<+;ksadks esjk lyke dfg,xk vkSj mu [kkrwu dks ;g ued nsrs oDr esjh rjI+kQ ls dfg,xk fdykgkSj vHkh rd mudk oru gS vkSj nsgyh esjk] rks ckdh lc jÝrk&jÝrk Bhd gkstk,xkA¸

lfI+kQ;k dLVe osQ taxys ls fudydj nwljs IysVI+kQkeZ ij vk xbZ vkSj os ogha [kM+s jgsAIysViQkeZ ij mlosQ cgqr&ls nksLr] HkkbZ fj'rsnkj Fks] gljr Hkjh u”kjksa] cgrs gq,

vk¡lqvksa] BaMh lk¡lksa vkSj fHkps gq, gksBksa dks chp esa ls dkVrh gqbZ jsy ljgn dh rjiQc<+hA vVkjh esa ikfdLrkuh iqfyl mrjh] ¯gnqLrkuh iqfyl lokj gqbZA oqQN le> esa ughavkrk Fkk fd dgk¡ ls ykgkSj [kRe gqvk vkSj fdl txg ls ve`rlj 'kq: gks x;kA ,d

vkjksg

136

”kehu Fkh] ,d ”kcku Fkh] ,d&lh lwjrsa vkSj fyckl] ,d&lk ycksygTkk] vkSj vank”k Fks]xkfy;k¡ Hkh ,d gh&lh Fkha ftuls nksuksa cM+s I;kj ls ,d&nwljs dks uok”k jgs FksA cleqf'dy flI+kZQ bruh Fkh fd Hkjh gqbZ canwosaQ nksuksa osQ gkFkksa esa FkhaA

ve`rlj esa dLVe okys I+kQLVZ Dykl okyksa osQ lkeku dh tk¡p muosQ fMCcs osQ lkeusgh dj jgs FksA lfI+kQ;k dk lkjk lkeku ns[kk tk pqdk rks og mu ukStoku dLVe vI+kQljdh vksj c<+h tks ckrphr vkSj lwjr ls caxkyh yxrs Fks] ¶nsf[k,] esjs ikl ued gS]FkksM+k&lkA¸

fiQj mlus gSaMcSx [kksyk vkSj og iqfM+;k mudh rjI+kQ c<+krs gq,] vVdrs] f>>drs]fgpfdpkrs gq, mudks lc&oqQN dg lquk;kA mUgksaus flj >qdk fy;k Fkk] lqurs jgs]chp&chp esa flj mBkrs] xkSj ls mls ns[krs] fiQj lquus yxrsA ckr iwjh gks xbZ rks mUgksaus,d ckj fiQj lfI+kQ;k dks mQij ls uhps rd ns[kk] èkhjs ls cksys] ¶bèkj vkb, ”kjk!¸

pyrs&pyrs mUgksaus ,d&nwljs ls dgk] ¶buosQ lkeku dk è;ku jf[k,xkA¸IysVI+kQkeZ osQ fljs ij ,d dejk FkkA os mlosQ vanj ?kqlsA lfI+kQ;k nkf[ky gksrs

fgpfdpkbZA os eqLkdjkdj cksys] ¶vkb,] vkb, u!¸tsc ls :eky fudkydj mUgksaus oqQLkhZ dks >kM+k vkSj cksys] ¶cSfB,A¸lfI+kQ;k us iqfM+;k vkSj cSx dks est ij j[k fn;kA ckgj dh rjI+kQ >k¡ddj mUgksaus

,d iqfyl okys dks b'kkjk fd;kA lfI+kQ;k osQ iSj rys dh ”kehu f[kldus yxhμvc D;kgksxk!

¶nks pk; ykvks] vPNh okyhA¸ iqfylokyk lfI+kQ;k dks ?kwjrk gqvk pyk x;kAfiQj mUgksaus es”k dh njk”k [khaph vkSj mlesa vanj nwj rd gkFk Mkydj ,d fdrkc

fudkyhA fdrkc dks lfI+kQ;k osQ lkeus j[kdj mUgksaus igyk lI+kQk [kksy fn;kA ckb± vksju”kjQy bLyke dh rLkohj Fkh vkSj VkbVy okys lI+ksQ ij vaxzs”kh osQ oqQN èkq¡èkys 'kCnFksμ¶'kelqyblyke dh rjI+kQ ls lquhy nkl xqIr dks I;kj osQ lkFk] <kdk 1946¸

¶rks vki D;k bZLV caxky osQ gSa\¸¶gk¡] esjk oru <kdk gSA¸ mUgksaus cM+s I+kQ[kz ls tokc fn;kA¶rks vki ;gk¡ dc vk,\¸¶tc fMoh”ku gqvk rHkh vk,] exj gekjk oru <kdk gS] eSa rks dksbZ ckjg&rsjg

lky dk FkkA ij u”kjQy vkSj VSxksj dks rks ge yksx cpiu ls i<+rs FksA ftl fnu gejkr ;gk¡ vk jgs Fks mlosQ Bhd ,d o"kZ igys esjs lcls iqjkus] lcls I;kjs] cpiu osQnksLr us eq>s ;g fdrkc nh FkhA ml fnu esjh lkyfxjg FkhμfiQj ge dydÙkk jgs] i<+s]ukSdjh Hkh fey xbZ] ij ge oru vkrs&tkrs FksA¸

ued

137

¶oru\¸ lfI+kQ;k us ”kjk gSjku gksdj iwNkA¶eSaus vkils dgk u fd esjk oru <kdk gSA¸μmUgksaus ”kjk cqjk ekudj dgkA¶gk¡&gk¡] Bhd gSA Bhd gSA¸ lfI+kQ;k tYnh ls cksyhA¶rks igys rks cl bèkj gh dLVe Fkk] vc mèkj Hkh oqQN xksyeky gks x;k gSA¸mUgksaus pk; dh I;kyh lfI+kQ;k dh rjI+kQ f[kldkbZ vkSj [kqn ,d cM+k&lk ?kw¡V Hkjdj

cksys] ¶oSls rks MkHk dydÙkk esa Hkh gksrk gS tSls ued ;gk¡ Hkh gksrk gS] ij gekjs ;gk¡osQ MkHk dh D;k ckr gS! gekjh ”kehu] gekjs ikuh dk e”kk gh oqQN vkSj gS!¸

mBrs oDr mUgksaus iqfM+;k lfI+kQ;k osQ cSx esa j[k nh vkSj [kqn ml cSx dks mBkdjvkxs&vkxs pyus yxs_ lfI+kQ;k us muosQ ihNs pyuk 'kq: fd;kA

tc lfI+kQ;k ve`rlj osQ iqy ij p<+ jgh Fkh rc iqy dh lcls fupyh lh<+h osQikl os flj >qdk, pqipki [kM+s FksA lfI+kQ;k lksprh tk jgh Fkh fdldk oru dgk¡ gSμogtks dLVe osQ bl rjI+kQ gS ;k ml rjI+kQ!

vH;kl

ikB osQ lkFk1- lfI+kQ;k osQ HkkbZ us ued dh iqfM+;k ys tkus ls D;ksa euk dj fn;k\2- ued dh iqfM+;k ys tkus osQ lacaèk esa lfI+kQ;k osQ eu esa D;k }a} Fkk\3- tc lfI+kQ;k ve`rlj iqy ij p<+ jgh Fkh rks dLVe vkWfI+kQlj fupyh lh<+h osQ ikl flj >qdk,

pqipki D;ksa [kM+s Fks\4- ykgkSj vHkh rd mudk oru gS vkSj nsgyh esjk ;k esjk oru <kdk gS tSls mn~xkj fdl

lkekftd ;FkkFkZ dk laosQr djrs gSaA5- ued ys tkus osQ ckjs esa lfI+kQ;k osQ eu esa mBs }a}ksa osQ vkèkkj ij mldh pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krkvksa

dks Li"V dhft,A6- ekufp=k ij ,d ydhj [khap nsus Hkj ls ”kehu vkSj turk c¡V ugha tkrh gSμ mfpr

rdks± o mnkgj.kksa osQ ”kfj;s bldh iqf"V djsaA7- ued dgkuh esa Hkkjr o ikd dh turk osQ vkjksfir HksnHkkoksa osQ chp eqgCcr dk uedhu

Lokn ?kqyk gqvk gS] oSQls\

vkjksg

138

D;ksa dgk x;k\1- D;k lc dkuwu gqowQer osQ gh gksrs gSa] oqQN eqgCcr] eqjkSor] vknfe;r] balkfu;r osQ ugha gksrs\2- Hkkouk osQ LFkku ij cqf¼ èkhjs&èkhjs ml ij gkoh gks jgh FkhA3- eqgCcr rks dLVe ls bl rjg xq”kj tkrh gS fd dkuwu gSjku jg tkrk gSA4- gekjh ”kehu gekjs ikuh dk e”kk gh oqQN vkSj gS!

le>kb, rks ”kjk

1- fiQj iydksa ls oqQN flrkjs VwVdj nwfèk;k vk¡py esa lek tkrs gSaA2- fdldk oru dgk¡ gSμ og tks dLVe osQ bl rjI+kQ gS ;k ml rjI+kQA

ikB osQ vklikl1- ^ued* dgkuh esa gnqLrku&ikfdLrku esa jgus okys yksxksa dh Hkkoukvksa] laosnukvksa dks mHkkjk

x;k gSA orZeku lanHkZ esa bu laosnukvksa dh fLFkfr dks roZQ lfgr Li"V dhft,A2- lfI+kQ;k dh eu%fLFkfr dks dgkuh esa ,d fof'k"V lanHkZ esa vyx rjg ls Li"V fd;k x;k gSA

vxj vki lfI+kQ;k dh txg gksrs@gksrha rks D;k vkidh eu%fLFkfr Hkh oSlh gh gksrh\ Li"Vdhft,A

3- Hkkjr&ikfdLrku osQ vkilh lacaèkksa dks lqèkkjus osQ fy, nksuksa ljdkjsa iz;kljr gSaA O;fDrxr rkSjij vki blesa D;k ;ksxnku ns ldrs@ldrh gSa\

4- ysf[kdk us foHkktu ls mith foLFkkiu dh leL;k dk fp=k.k djrs gq, lfI+kQ;k o fl[k chchosQ ekè;e ls ;g Hkh ijks{k :i ls laosQr fd;k gS fd blesa Hkh fookg dh jhfr osQ dkj.k L=khlcls vfèkd foLFkkfir gSA D;k vki blls lger gSa\

5- foHkktu osQ vusd Lo:iksa esa c¡Vh turk dks feykus dh vusd Hkwfe;k¡ gks ldrh gSaμjDr lacaèk]foKku] lkfgR; o dykA buesa ls dkSu lcls rkdroj gS vkSj D;ksa\

vkidh jk;eku yhft, vki vius fe=k osQ ikl fons'k tk jgs@jgh gSaA vki lkSxkr osQ rkSj ij Hkkjr dhdkSu&lh ph”k ys tkuk ilan djsaxs@djasxh vkSj D;ksa\

ued

139Hkk"kk dh ckr

1- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa dks è;ku ls if<+,μ(d) gekjk oru rks th ykgkSj gh gSA([k) D;k lc dkuwu gqowQer osQ gh gksrs gSa\lkekU;r% gh* fuikr dk iz;ksx fdlh ckr ij cy nsus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA mQij fn, x,nksuksa okD;ksa esa gh* osQ iz;ksx ls vFkZ esa D;k ifjorZu vk;k gS\ Li"V dhft,A gh* dk iz;ksxdjrs gq, nksuksa rjg osQ vFkZ okys ik¡p&ik¡p okD; cukb,A

2- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ ¯gnh :i fyf[k,μeqjkSor] vknfe;r] vnhc] lkMk] ek;us] ljgn] vDl] ycksygtk] uIkQhl

3- ianzg fnu ;ksa xq”kjs fd irk gh ugha pykμ okD; dks è;ku ls if<+, vkSj blh izdkj osQ(;ksa] fd] gh ls ;qDr ik¡p okD; cukb,A)

l`tu osQ {k.k

^ued* dgkuh dks ys[kd us vius u”kfj;s ls vU; iqjQ"k 'kSyh esa fy[kk gSA vki lfI+kQ;k dhu”kj ls@ mÙke iqjQ"k 'kSyh esa bl dgkuh dks vius 'kCnksa esa dgsaA

bUgsa Hkh tkusa

1- eqgjZeμ bLyke /eZ osQ vuqlkj lky dk igyk eghuk] ftldh nloha rkjh[k dks beke gqlSu'kghn gq,A

2- lS;nμ eqlyekuksa osQ pkSFks [kyhI+kQk vyh osQ oa'ktksa dks lS;n dgk tkrk gSA3- bdckyμ lkjs tgk¡ ls vPNk osQ xhrdkj4- u”kjQy bLykeμ ckaXyk osQ Økafrdkjh dfo5- 'kelqy bLykeμ ckaXyk ns'k osQ izfl¼ dfo6- bl dgkuh dks i<+rs gq, dbZ fI+kQYe] dbZ jpuk,¡] dbZ xkus vkiosQ ”ksgu esa vk, gksaxsA mudh lwph

cukb, fdUgha nks (fI+kQYe vkSj jpuk) dh fo'ks"krk dks fyf[k,A vkidh lqfoèkk osQ fy, oqQN ukefn, tk jgs gSaA

fiQYesa jpuk,¡1947 vFkZ rel (miU;kl μ Hkh"e lkguh)eEeks [kksy nks (dgkuh μ eaVks)

vkjksg

140

Vsªu Vq ikfdLrku ¯”knxhukek (miU;kl μ o`Q".kk lkscrh)xnj ¯itj (miU;kl μ ve`rk izhre)

[kkeks'k ikuh >wBk lp (miU;kl μ ;'kiky)fguk eycs dk ekfyd (dgkuh μ eksgu jkosQ'k)ohj ”kkjk is'kkoj ,Dliszl (dfork μ oqQekj fody )

7- ljgn vkSj e”kgc osQ lanHkZ esa bls ns[ksaμ

rw ¯gnw cusxk u eqlyeku cusxk]balku dh vkSykn gS] balku cusxkAekfyd us gj balku dks balku cuk;k]geus mls ¯gnw ;k eqlyeku cuk;kAoqQnjr us rks c['kh Fkh gesa ,d gh èkjrh]geus dgha Hkkjr dgha] bZjku cuk;kAA*tks rksM+ ns gj can oks rwI+kQku cusxkAbalku dh vkSykn gS balku cusxkA

μ fI+kQYe% /wy dk iwQy] xhrdkj% lkfgj yqf/;kuoh

mEnk & vPNkuI+kQhl & lqjQfpiw.kZjQ[klr & fonklkMk & gekjkfgLls&c[kjs & c¡VokjkeqjkSor & ladkspvnhc & lkfgR;ycksygtk & cksypky dk rjhdkuok”k & lEekfur djuklkSxkr & HksaVvth”k & fiz;ckth & nhnhnksgj & diM+s dks nksgjk dj flyh xbZ pknj] fygkI+kQ

'kCn&Nfo