JN BIOMASS HYBRID STOVE

Introduction:

• Indoor air pollution causes significant health problems for the 2 billion people worldwide who rely on biomass fuels for their cooking and heating needs.

• As per World Health Organization, Traditional cook stoves are second biggest contributor to global warming, after the industrial use of fossil fuels”

 

• It is estimated that 80% of the expenditure of a rural household in India can go into health services. A simple mechanism promoting smokeless Chula’s and improving ventilation can reduce the incidents of IAP deaths by half.“

Alex Hildebrand, WHO's environmental health adviser for South Asia

Problem Statement

“Design a cook-stove that viably uses all type of biomass fuel source for rural household; it must be easy and efficient to use, with respect to their current cook stoves, involving minimal pre-processing of biomass, reduced emission level and less drudgery to maintain flame.”

Design Specification

• The main design parameter that we wanted to concentrate on were durability, locally available materials, low cost, health and fire safety, control of heat for cooking , ease of use, efficiency and biomass processing.

• The design specification those were more important are particulate and CO level should not exceed 10ppm (50 ppm being the standard for health hazard) and needs to compete with efficient wood stoves and gasifiers.

Concept Evaluation:

• Research was conducted on various stove design (wood, charcoal, bricks) that could be potentially modified in stove for desired purpose. Of the stoves gasifiers and Rocket stoves were two of the core design for our design work.

• Design conisderation of various stove and lamps were considered while designing this stove, some of the citation have been mention.

Argand Lamp

It has sleeve-shaped candle wick mounted so that air can pass both through the centre of the wick and also around the outside of the wick before being drawn into cylindrical chimney which steadies the flame and improves the flow of air.

The Argand lamp  was invented and patented in 1780 by Aimé Argand.

Kelly Kettle

 It is the trade names for efficient portable devices for boiling water outdoors using twigs and other small combustible materials; Common among all designs is the principle of internal chimney to create the efficient upward draught of heat

* Kelly Kettle company which first produced in Ireland in the early 1900s.

Rocket Stove

*It is a highly-efficient cooking stove. *Due to its design that allows for complete combustion, with just a few twigs and sticks you can maintain a hot burning fire that’s super clean and produces practically low smoke.

Invented by Dr. Larry Winiarski

Design CitationFrom Argand Lamp the principle of air flow through the centre of stove and outside it which helps in stabilising the flame and improving the combustion process.

From Kelley Kettle the idea of internal chimney to create efficient upward draught of heat and section holding fuel and combustion mix with gravity assisted fuel feeding.

From Rocket stove Chimney increases draft. Smoke is drawn through flame and combust. Small fuel magazine encourages the user to meter the fuel. Air passing under the shelf is pre heated

Design Parameters

Design for Sustainability: Can host wide variety of biomass.

Design for Affordability: Material cost only 500Rs, simple tooling.

Design for Versatility: Highly modular design.One can replace only the parts required.

Design for Human Use:Focused highly on minimizing the attention required to maintain flame in stove-gravity feed, free vortex air flow and gravity assisted ash handling.

 Design for Assembly : Modular design–require only bolts and hammering for assembly, easily available clay mix insulation

Components Of Stove:

• Outer Chamber: It is a cast steel chamber coated with clay mix at inner periphery and houses all the main components of stove

• Series of air passage at periphery on the bottom of outer canister, there were corresponding air passage in inner chamber with (1:2) ratio so as to create a free vortex.

Fuel Feeder

• Fuel Feeder: It’s a cuboidal GI sheet housing making way to combustion chamber for gravity feed.

Combustion Chamber & Spiral Casing

• Combustion Chamber: It is the facilitator for primary burning and has built of cast steel walls backed with clay mix coating and grate from iron bars.

• Spiral Casing: It forms the part of after burner where flame coming from concentrator is further given room in spiral casing to burn off the suspended carbon particles which simultaneously give heat to the vessel, and vented to chimney this improve exhaust characteristics of stove.

Chimney

• Chimney: The chimney creates a strong draft that draws air into the combustion chamber via the air inlets, and then up and around the spiral. It is a cast aluminium structure and sizes 1.1m in height.

Fig 3. Final Assembled Design of Stove

OBJECTIVE :

To mitigate drudgery of women and children using traditional chulha for cooking.

To mitigate climate change by reducing the black carbon and other emissions resulting from burning biomass for cooking.

Physical Observation Parameter

1. Smoke 2. Texture 3. Operation4. Corrosion Resistance5. Fuel Type6. Fabrication Technique7. Fabrication Material

:During starting then minimal:Smooth:Easy:Better:Biomass:Cutting, Drilling and Grinding:Steel, Aluminum, Iron and Clay

Features of JN STOVE:

• High Performance

• 50 percent fuel savings. Two or three kilograms of fuel is enough to cook a full pot of food.

• Reduction in harmful emissions, including carbon monoxide and black carbon. Stove produce no visible smoke.

• Twice as fast as cooking on an open fire – comparable to LPG.

• Thermal efficiency, a improvement over traditional methods

CONTD….

• Zero Indoor Air Pollution, thanks to an integrated chimney that can route all emissions outside and away from people.

• Safe to the touch. Efficient, insulated design ensures safe surface temperatures to prevent burns.

• Stable. Practically tip-proof to reduce the chance of spills and scalds.

CONTD…

• Practical

• Fuel flexibility. Efficient operation with a variety of biomass fuels in addition to wood.

• Durable: can last for a year without any appreciable maintenance.

• Cost-effective: Cookstove can pay for themselves many times over in fuel savings, alone.

• Portable. No permanent installation is required. 

Future Recommendations:

• A helical copper coil can be installed in the vacant space between the outer drum and inner one, to harness the waste heat by boiling water which can further supplement to cooking efficiency and can simultaneously provide heat and hot water for other purposes.

• A thermoelectric generator can be installed on the outer periphery of drum which under temperature difference of 100-1500C can generate electricity by harnessing the waste heat from the stove to power small LED’s, thus further improving overall efficiency.

Contd…..

• Exhaust from the chimney can be utilised to dry the available biomass by redirecting the hot flue gas to a separate chamber which houses available biomass by reducing its moisture content thus improving on burning and smoke.

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”The less you burn, the more you earn.

:-JN STOVE TEAM

THANK YOU