jnem^Øns‚ alØmb - islam ahmadiyya · 2020-01-12 · jnem^Øns‚ alØmb ÿm\hpw a\p{klßfpw...

$: Jnem^Øns‚ alØmb - Islam Ahmadiyya · 2020-01-12 · Jnem^Øns‚ alØmb ÿm\hpw A\p{Klßfpw ImeØns‚ Jeo^tbmSp≈ {]Xn_≤Xbpw Khilafatinte mahathaya sthaanavum anugrahangalum$

Jnem^Øns‚ alØmb

ÿm\hpw A\pKlßfpw

ImeØns‚ Jeo^tbmSp≈

]Xn_≤Xbpw

kønZv A^vXm_v AlvaZv \ø¿

& aplΩZv Bcn^v d∫m\n

hnh¿Ø\w:

A–p¬ apPo_v

]km-[-I¿:

\kmdØv \ivtdm CimAØv, JmZnbm≥

Jnem^Øns‚ alØmb ÿm\hpw A\pKlßfpw

ImeØns‚ Jeo^tbmSp≈ ]Xn_≤Xbpw

Khilafatinte mahathaya sthaanavum anugrahangalum Kalathinte Khaleefayodulla prathibaddhathayum (Malayalam)Khilafath ka azeemushan maqam wa marthaba uski barkatKhaleefaye waqt ki muhabbath wa ithaath aur hamari zimmadariyan (Original- Urdu)

Author : Syed Aftab Ahmad Nayyer & Muhammad Arif Rabbani

Translator: T.M.Abdul Mujeeb

DTP & Layout : Isha’at Committee Kerala

Printed at: Fazl e Umar Printing Press Qadian

Published by: NAZARAT NASHR-O-ISHA’AT, QADIAN,143516,Gurdaspur-Dt, Punjab, INDIA

Copies: 1000

Ist Edition : 2019

Price:

BapJw

AlvaZn¿ apkvenw PamA¯nsâ kvYm]I\mb lZvd¯v

akolv auDuZn(A)sâ hntbmKm\´cw \qän]Xns\m¶v hÀj§

fmbn Jnem^¯v hyhØnXn \ne\nev¡p¶p F¶Xv Cu

PamA¯nsâ amXw khntijXbmWv. AlvaZn¿m PamA¯n\p

taÂ AÃmlpXBebpsS A\pKlmXntcIamWnXv. aäpÅhÀ

C¡mcy¯nÂ lX`mKycmWv. Jnem^¯v Øm]n¡m\mbn

AhÀ `KocYbXv\w sNbvXpsIm≠ncn¡pIbmWv. F¶mÂ

kzbw AÃmlphmWv CXp Øm]nt¡≠Xv. ssZh\ntbmKan

ÃmsX C¡mcy¯nÂ temIcpsS FÃm bXv\§fpw XoÀ¯pw

hyÀYamWv.

Cu al¯mb ssZhnIhyhØnXn aptJ\ anI¨ \nebnÂ

temI AlvaZn¿ PamA¯wK§fpsS hnZym`ymkin£WImcy

§Ä \S¡p¶p. amXaÃ temI¯n\pÅ k·mÀKZÀi\¯n\m

bn \qX\ kmt¦XnIamÀK§fneqsS ]kn²oIcW ]t£

]W ]hÀ¯\§Ä ZpXKXnbnÂ \S¶p t]mcp¶p. ^Â

lwZpenÃmlv!

Jnem^¯nsâ ]m[m\yhpw amlmXvayhpw ap¶nÂ h¨v

sIm≠mWv PamA¯wK§Ä¡v AhcpsS D¯chmZnXz§Ä

a\ÊnemIm\mbn \kmd¯v \ivtdm CimA¯v JmZnbm³

"Jnem^¯v Im AkoapÈm³ aJmw h aÀ¯_, DkvIn _

dIm v Jeo^sb hJv v In aplº v h CXmA v HmÀ

lamcn knt½Zmcnbmw' F¶ eLpKÙw Cd¡p¶Xv. CXv

lZvd v Jeo^¯pÂ akolv Jmankv(A¿Zlp) aPvenkv iqd- 2015

iqdbv¡p th≠n AwKoImcw \evInb KÙ§fnÂ s]«XmWv.

Cu eLpKÙw tImUoIcn¨ncn¡p¶Xv auehn k¿nZv

B^vXm_v AlvaZv \¿À kmln_v, auehn apl½Zv Bcn^v

dºm\n kmln_v F¶nhcpsS klIcWt¯msSbmWv.

^PkmlpapÃmlp Alvk\pÂPkm. k¿nZp\m lZvd¯v

Jeo^¯pÂ akolv Jmankn(A¿Zlp)sâ A\paXntbmsS Cu

eLpKÙw ]kn²oIcn¡pIbmWv. AÃmlpXBe CXns\

FÃm\nebnepw A\pKl]qÀ®am¡n¯oÀ¡pamdmIs«.

Bao³.

JmZnbm≥ lm^nkvaJvZqwico^v

13.11.2018\mkn¿\ivtdmCimAØvJmZnbm≥.

Jnem-^Øv

am\-h-cm-in-bpsSkrjvSn-∏ns‚Dt±iysØ]q¿W-X-bn-

te-s°-Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn A√mlp ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ]

c-º-cbv°vXpS°wIpdn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.Aßs\F√m

Ime-L-´-ØnepwA√m-lp-hns‚hcnjvTZmk¿\nb-an-°-

s∏-Sp-I-bpw sNbvXp.Ah¿A√m-lp-hns‚Jeo-^-am¿

F∂vhnfn-°-s∏-´p.Ah¿a\p-jysck≥am¿K-Øn-te°v

\bn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbnXoh-bXv\w\S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p.\

o≠Xoh-b-Xv\-ßƒ°p-tijwCussZh-Zq-X-∑m¿Hcp

ssZhnI Pam-AØn\p cq]w \¬Ip-Ibpw XpS¿∂v ]

IrXn\nb-a-Øn\vhnt[-b-cmbna‰pa\p-jysct∏mseCu

\iz-c-amb qan-bn¬\n∂phnS]d™vXß-fpsSbYm¿Y

\mYs‚ASp-°-te°paS-ßp-IbpwsNbvXp.

]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS Cu th¿]mSv Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-

IsfarX-]mbcm°nam‰p-∂p.]Xy-£-Øn-ep≈Ah-cpsS

Cuhnj-a-k-‘nsbImWp∂FXn-cm-fn-Iƒl¿j-hmZyw

apg-°m≥XpS-ßp-∂p.AØcwkµ¿`-ß-fn¬A√mlp

Ahsc\ncm-ew-_-cmbnDt]-£n-°p-∂-X-√.adn-®v,Ahsc

]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v,hnShmßn-b-h-cpsSHcp]Xn-\n-[nsb

As√-¶n¬klm-bnsbA-h≥Fgp-t∂ev]n°p∂p.Ac-

£n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈Bkaq-l-Øn\vAt±lwXmßmbn


ImeØns‚ Jeo^tbmSp≈ ]Xn_≤Xbpw 6

amdp-∂p.Aßs\Bkaqlw]Xps°]Xps°Ah-cpsS

I¿a]≤-Xn-I-sfbpwDt±-i-e-£y-ß-sfbpw]q¿W-X-bn-

te-s°-Øn-°p∂]Ÿm-hn-te°vB\-bn-°-s∏Sp∂p.

A√m-lp-hns‚CuNcyXs‚ ]nb- ]hm-N-I≥(-k)-°v

tijhpw]pe¿∂p.Xn-cp-\_n-(-k)-bpsSh^m-Øn-\pti

jwlZvdØvA_q-_-°¿kn±o-Jv(-d)s\Fgp-t∂¬]n-®p

-sIm≠v Jnem-^sØ dmin-Zsb ÿm]n-®p. Cu Jnem-

^sØdminZ30h¿j-°mew\ne-\nev°p-I-bp-wXpS¿∂v

Xncp-\_n-(-k)-bpsS ]h-N-\-]ImcwCXn\vXmXv°m-enI

hncmawkmw -hn-°p-IbpwsNbvXp.F∂m¬A√m-lp-hn-s‚

bpwAhs‚dkq¬(-k)-bp-sSbpw,]h-N-\-ß-fp-sSbpwhmKv

Zm-\-ß-fp-sSbpwASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬k®-cn-X-cpsSJnem-^

Øv]c-ºcAh-km\Ime-Øv]hm-NI]mX-bn¬]p\-x

ÿm-]n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ hni-Zo-I-cWw

C]-Im-c-am-Wv.

kqdPpap-B-bn¬A√mlpC]-Imcw]d-bp-∂p:

AXm-bXvAh-\tXA£-c-⁄m-\-an-√mØBP\-X-

bn¬(Ad-_n-I-fn¬)Ah-cn¬\n∂p-Xs∂bp≈Hcp]

hm-N-Is\Fgp-t∂¬]n-®n- p-≈Xv.At±lwAh¿°vA√m-

lp-hns‚ hN-\-ßƒ hmbn®p tIƒ∏n-°p-IbpwAhsc

ip≤oIcn°pIbpwAh¿°v KŸhpwXØz-⁄m-\hpw

]Tn-∏n-®psImSp-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂p.Ah¿CXn-\p-apºv

kv]jvS-amb hgn-tI-Sn-em-bn-cp-∂p.Ah-tcm-sSm∏w CtX-

hsc tN¿∂n-´n-√mØ Ah-cn¬ \n∂p≈ as‰mcp P\-X-

bnepw (Ah≥ ZqXs\ Fgp-t∂¬∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv)(kqd

PpapB:3,4).


ImeØns‚ Jeo^tbmSp≈ ]Xn_≤Xbpw7

Cu hN-\-ßƒ Cd-ßn-b-t∏mƒ klm-_m°ƒ(-d) Xncp-

\_n-(-k)tbmSvtNmZn-®p,Xm¶-fpsSc≠mwhchv(Xm¶-fp

sS]-Xn-cq-]-Øn¬)D≠m-Ip∂BP\-hn-`mKwGXmWv?

At∏mƒ Xncp-\_n-(-k) AhnsSbp≠m-bn-cp∂ lZvdØv

k¬am\p¬^mcn-kn(-d)-bpsSNpa-en¬ssIsh-®psIm≠v

]d™p:

(_p-Jm-cn,InXm-_p¬X^vko¿,_m_mX^vko¿kqd:Ppap-B)

AXm-b-Xv, Cuam≥ temI-Øp \n∂v A]-Xy-£-am-bn

Im¿ØnI\£-X-Øn-te°vDb¿∂p-t]m-bmepw m¿kn

hwi-P-cmb C°q´-cn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp hy‡n AXns\

ho≠pw`qan-bn-te°vCd-°n-s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.as‰m-c-

h-k-c-Øn¬Xncp-\_n-(-k)]d™p;

(Xzn_vdm\nI_o¿,hapkvX-ZvdIv-lm-Iow)

AXm-bXvk¬am≥^m¿kn\Ωn¬\n-∂p-≈-h-\m-Wv.

AYhmAlvepss_Øn¬s]´-h-\m-Wv.

hmKvZm\wsNø-s∏´akolpwalvZnbpw m¿knhwi-P-

\m-bn-cn°pwF∂m-WvCulZoYvNq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂Xv.

Ah-km\Ime-L-´-Øn¬^m¿knhwi-Øn¬\n∂vHcp

]Xn-]p-cp-j≥\ntbm-Kn-°s∏SpwF∂-Xm-WvXncp-\_n-(-k)

bpsS]h-N\w.IqSp-X¬hni-Zo-I-cWßƒa‰vNnelZo-

Yp-I-fn¬\n∂pwe`n-°p-∂p-≠v.Xncp-\_n-(-k)]d-bp∂p:

(klolv_pJmcn,InXm-_vAlm-Zo-Yp¬A≥_n-bm-Av,_m_p\pkqep

Cuk-_v\p-a¿bw)

AXm-b-Xv,\nß-fn¬C_v\p-a¿bwCd-ßp-tºmƒ\nß-

fpsSAhÿF¥m-bn-cn°pw?C_v\pa¿bwBcm-sW∂v



\nßƒ°-dn-bp-tam?At±lw\nß-fp-sS-Xs∂HcpCamw

Bbn-cn-°pw.\nß-fn¬\n∂p-Xs∂Bbn-cn°pwAt±-l

Øns‚P\-\-hpw.

as‰mcplZo-Yn¬\n∂pw,hcm\n-cn°p∂akolvXs∂-bm-

bn-cn°pwCamwalvZnF∂Imcyhpwkv]jvS-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.

AXm-bXv,akolv,alvZnF∂p-≈XvHmtchy‡n-bpsS

c≠p\ma-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.

Xncp-\_n-(-k)]d-bp-∂p;

(C_v\p-am-P,_m_vin-±-Øp-Ê-am≥,t]Pv257,I≥kp¬DΩm¬hmfyw˛7,

t]Pv156)

AXm-bXv,Cuk_v\p-a¿bwA√msXas‰mcpalvZnbn-√.

BK-X-cm-tI≠CuCam-ans‚\ntbmKIme-L- -sØ-Ip-dn

®v\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k)]d-bp-∂p,

(A∂-Pvap-Êm-Jn-_v,hm2,t]Pv209)

Bbn-cØnCcp-∂q‰n\m¬∏Xvh¿j-ßƒIS∂pIgn-

™m¬A√mlpalvZnsb\ntbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.]kvXpX

ako-ln-s‚bpwalvZnbp-sSbpwÿm\hpw]Z-hnbpwkw_-

‘n®vXncp-\_n-(-k)]d-bp-∂p,

(A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv,InXm-_p¬aem-lnw,_m_vJpdq-Pp-±-÷m¬)

AXm-bXv htc-≠p∂ ako-ln\pw F\n°pw CS-bn¬

as‰mcp \_nbpwC√. \n›-b-ambpw \nß-fn¬ akolv

Cd-ßp-∂-Xm-Wv.At±lwBK-X-\m-Ip-tºmƒ\nßƒA

t±-lsØXncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xm-Wv.klolvapkvenan-ep≈a

s‰mcplZo-kn¬Xncp-\_n-(-k)]d-bp-∂p,



(apkvenw,_m_vZnIvdp-±÷m¬)

AXm-bXv,bAvPqPvaAvPqPvi‡n]m]n-°p∂Ime-

L- -Øn¬hmKvZØakolvBK-X-cm-Ip-tºmƒ,A√m-lp-

hns‚]hm-N-I-\mbakolpwAt±-l-Øns‚A\p-bm-bn-

Ifpw,iXp-°-fpsShe-b-Øn¬AI-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.]n∂oSv

A√m-lp-hns‚]hm-N-I-\mbakolpwA\p-bm-bn-Ifpw

ssZhkhn-[-Øn¬ZpB-tbmSpwhne-]n-®p-sIm≠pwaS-ßp-

∂-Xm-Wv.]kvXpXZpB-bpsS^e-ambnA√m-lp-hns‚

]hm-N-I-\mbakolpwAt±-l-Øns‚A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw

hn]-Øp-I-fpsSNI-hyq-l-Øn¬\n∂vtam£wIc-ÿ-am

°niXp-°-fpsSXmh-f-Øn-te°vCc-®p-I-b-dp-∂-Xm-Wv.F

∂m¬AhnsS]pXnbXc-Øn-ep≈]iv\-ßfmbn-cn°pw

t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xv.]n∂oSvA√m-lp-hns‚]hm-N-I-\mb

akolpwAt±-l-Øns‚A\p-bm-bn-Ifpwho≠pwssZh-

ka-£-Øn-te°v]m¿Yn-®p-sIm≠vaS-ßp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

Aßs\A√mlpAh-cpsS ]bm-k-ßsf Zqco-I-cn-°p-

∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

Xncp-\_n-(-k)ChnsSHcplZo-Yn¬Xs∂hmKvZØako-

lns\kw_-‘n®v\mepXhW\_n-bp-√mlv(A√m-lp-

hns‚\_n)F∂]Zw]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

ta¬ kqNn∏n® ]h-N-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hy‡-am-Ip-∂-

Xv, Ah-km\ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ]Xn-aq∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚

HSp-°-Øn¬ako-ln-s‚bpwalvZnbp-sSbpwBhn¿`mhw

D≠m-Ipsa-∂-m-Wvv.At±lwXncp-\_n-(-k)-bpsS ]Xn-]p-cp

-j≥Bbn-cn-°pw.A√mlpAt±-l-Øn\v]hm-NI]Zhn



\evIn A\p-K-ln-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Cu ]h-N-\-ßsf

km£m-Xv°-cn-®p-sIm≠vlZvdØvan¿kmKpemwAlvaZv

JmZn-bm\n ]Xn-aq∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ HSp-°-Øn¬Xs∂

akolpw alvZnbpw BsW-∂p≈ hmZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-∏n-

®p.A√mlp Znhyshfn-]m-Sn-eqsSAt±-lsØA`n-kw-

t_m-[\sNbvXp-sIm≠v]d™p:

Rm≥\ns∂akolvC_v\pa¿bwB°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p

(C-km-esbHulmw,]p:632)

AtX-t]mse ]h-N-\-ßfpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xncp-

\_n-(-k)bpsS]cn-]q¿WA\p-k-c-W-Øns‚bpwA\p-[m-

h-\-Øns‚bpw^e-ambnAt±-lØn\vA√mlpDΩØn

\_nF∂]Z-hnbpw\evInA\p-K-ln-®p.]kvXpX]

Z-hnsbkw_-‘n®vBalm-flmhv]d-bp∂p;

]hmN-IXzw\ΩpsSXncp-\_n-(-k)bn¬Ah-km-\n-®n-cn-°p

-∂p.hnip≤Jp¿-B-\-√msX(\-ap-°v)as‰mcpKŸ-an-√.

AXv as‰√m ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-tf-°mfpw tijvTam-Wv. apl-

Ω-Znø ico-A-Ø-√msX (\-ap-°v) as‰mcp ico-A-Øn-√.

F∂m¬ Xncp-\_n-(-k)-bpsS \mhm¬ Fs‚ \maw \_n

F∂vh®n-cn-°p-∂p.CXvXncp-\_n-(-k)sb]cn-]q¿W-ambpw

A\p-[m-h\wsNbvXXp-sIm-≠p≈A\p-K-l-ß-fn¬s]´

XmWv.Rm≥F∂n¬bmsXmcptijvTXbpwImWp-∂n-√.

F\n°vIc-ÿ-am-b-sX√mwB]cn-ip≤hy‡n-Xz-Øn¬

\n-∂p--≈-XmWv.A√m-lp-hns‚]°¬Fs‚]hm-N-IXzw

sIm≠p≈hnh£,AXy-[n-I-ambssZhnI`mjWwF

∂p-am-X-am-Wv.AXn\pap]cnbmbnh√-Xp-ap-s≠∂vBsc-

¶nepwhmZn-°p-I-tbm,kzbwXs∂tijvTXIev]n-°p-I-

tbm,Xncp-\_n-(k)bpsSA\p-k-cWhrØ-Øn¬\n∂vkz

bw]pd-Øp-IS-°p-ItbmsNøp-I-bmsW-¶n¬Ah-\p-ta¬

A√m-lp-hns‚im]wD≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.\ΩpsSXncp-



\_n-(-k)JmX-ap-∂-_n-øo-\m-Ip-∂p.ZqX-∑m-cpsS]c-ºcB

alm-flm-hn¬ Ah-km-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.B alm-flm-hn-\p-

tijwkzX¥]hm-N-IXzwhmZn-°pIF∂XvB¿°pw

Xs∂A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√.Ct∏mƒA[n-I-ambne`n-°p∂

ssZhnI`mj-WßƒamX-amWv tijn-°p-∂-Xv.AXpw

Xncp-\_n-(-k)sb]q¿W-ambpw]n≥]-‰pIF∂\n_-‘-\-

tbmsSamXw.AX-√msXkw`-hy-a-√.A√m-lp-hmsW!

F\n°vCu]Zhnapl-ΩZvapkvX- m(-k)Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS]

ImiInc-W-ßsfA\p-[m-h\wsNbvX-Xn-\m-emWve`y-am-

b-Xv.A√mlpFs‚t]cvBe-¶m-cnIcq]-Øn-emWv\_n

F∂vh®n-´p-≈-Xv.bYm¿Ycq]-Øn-e-√.AXn-\m¬CXv

A√m-lp-hn-s‚tbmXncp-\_n-(-k)bp-sStbmA¥Êns\aß-

te¬∏n-°p∂Hcp]Z-hn-b-√.ImcWw,Xncp-\_n-(-k)bpsS

Nnd-In≥Iogn-emWvRm≥]cn-]m-en-°-s∏-´-Xv.Fs‚Np

hSpIƒXncp-\_n-(k)bpsSIm¬]m-Sp-IsfbmWv]n¥p-S-cp

∂-Xv.Rm≥kzta[bmH∂pwXs∂]d-™n-´n-√.adn-®v,

A√mlpF\n-°n-d-°n-Ø∂shfn-]m-SpIsf]n≥]-‰pIamX

-amWv Rm≥ sNbvXn-Sp-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ Rm≥

krjvSn-I-fpsS oj-Wn-Isf b-°p∂n-√.(A¬CkvXn^v

Xm-Av,Ad_n`mK-Øns‚]cn-`mjhmfyw22,]p:688,689)

Balm-flmhv1889 ¬Hcp]cn-ip≤Pam-AØvÿm]n-

®p.AXn\vAlvaZnømapkvenwPam-AØvF∂v\ma-I-c

WwsNbvXp.At±lwPohnXImewapgp-h\pwCkveman

s\temI-Øns‚F√mtImWp-I-fnepwhnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn-\p≈Xoh-b-Xv\-Øn¬Ign-®p-Iq-´n.At±-l-Øm¬c

Nn-°-s∏´F¨]Xne[nIwKŸ-ßƒCXn\vkm£yw

hln-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.Aßs\At±lwCkvemans‚hnP-

b-Øn-\mbnXs‚PohnXwapgp-h\pwDgn-™p-sh®pF∂-

Xn\vkz¥-°m-cp-sSbpwA\y-cp-sSbpwkm£y-ßƒD≠v.

A√m-lp-hns‚C—-bv°-\p-k-cn®vAt±lwX∂n¬A¿∏n-



X-ambIS-a-IƒhfscDØ-ahpw`wKn-bp-amb\ne-bn¬

\n¿h-ln°pIbpw Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc Cu ssZhnI

e£y-]m-]vXn-°mbnHmtcm\nan-jhpwka¿∏n-°p-I-bp-w

sNbvXp.AXn-\mbnHcp]cn-ip≤Pam-AØn\pcq]w\

evIn.Balm-flmhvac-W-s∏- -t∏mƒ,C\nAt±-l-Øns‚

e£yhpwPam-AØpwC√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-sW∂viXp-

°ƒIcp-Xn.F∂m¬A√mlpXs‚hmKvZm\]Imcw

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´n-cn-°p-∂p.CuBflobkwhn[m\w\n_-‘-\-Iƒ]q

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b-am-bn-Xo¿∂ncn-°p-∂p.A`n-hr-[n-I-fpsSssaXm-\-ßsf

AXn-P-bn®p-sIm≠vXß-fpsSPohnXkm^-ey-Øn-te°v



Ah¿°phgn-Im-´p-∂p.Zo\n\vkp`-ZXe`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w Xs∂ Ft∏mgpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

`b-Øns‚ Ccpƒ ap‰nb Ah-ÿ-Iƒ kam-[m-\-Øns‚

A¥-co-£-Øn-te°vs]mSp∂s\]cn-h¿Øn°p∂-Xmbpw

ImWp-∂p.Xulo-Zns‚]XmI]mdn-∏-d-°p-∂-XmbpwhnK-

lm-e-b-ßƒ\new-]-Xn-°p-∂-XmbpwImWp-∂p.Aßs\

]hm-N-I-ZuXyw-ho≠pw\nd-th-d-s∏-Sp-am-dmIp∂p.

CuA\p-Krl-e_v[n°v \mwA√m-lp-hnt\mSvFX

\µn]d-™mepwaXn-bm-In-√.CXpkw_-‘-am-bp≈\

ΩpsS ]YaI¿Øhyw,CussZhm-\p-KlØns‚ ]m

[m-\y-sØ-Ip-dn-®p≈icn-bmbAht_m[wD≠m-°n-sb-

Sp-°p-Ibpw Bflm¿Y-ambn AXns\ hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw

Jnem-^-Øns\ A\p-k-cn°p-I-sb-∂Xv \n¿_-‘-ambn

I-W°m°p-IbpwsNøpIF∂-Xm-Wv.

AlvaZnøm Jnem-^-Øns‚ Cu ImcpWyw XpS¿∂p-

sIm-≠n-cn°p-I-bm-Wv.F∂m¬AXn¬\n∂v]tbm-P\w

Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xn-\mbnCuBIm-iobkwhn-[m-\sØ

a\-Ên-em-°Ww.AXns‚ÿm\-sØbpw\ne-sbbpwXncn-

®-dn-bWw.AXp-t]mse`uXnIambHcp_‘-ß-fnepw

ImW-s∏-SmØBflm¿Y-X-bp-sSbpwkvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw

DZmØ_‘wAlvaZnømJnem-^-Øp-ambnÿm]n-t°

≠XpwA\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.CXp-ambn_‘-s∏´\n_-‘-\

Ifn¬ _≤-i≤-cm-Ip∂ ]£w \tΩm-sSm∏w \ΩpsS

Xe-ap-d-IfpwAXn¬\n∂v]tbm-P\wIc-ÿ-am-°p-∂-h-

cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Jnem-^-Øns‚

AXn-a-l-Ømb ÿm\hpw ]Z-hnbpw

Jnem-^Øvhf-sc-b-[nIw]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.Imc

Ww,\_n-bpsSh^m-Øn-\p-tijwAt±-l-Øns‚]n¥p

-S¿®-bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ZuXy\n¿h-l-W-Øn\v ]cn-]q

¿WXhcp-Øm-\m-bn- mWvAXpÿm]n-X-am-Ip∂-Xv.F√m-

bn-t∏mgpw ssZh-k-lmbw XpW-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp Xs∂

AXns‚amlm-fly-Øn\vASn-h-c-bn-Sp-∂p-≠v.Jeo- -bpsS

F√m ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpsSbpw hnP-b-Øn\v ]nd-In-ep≈

NmeIi‡n F¥mbncn-°p-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ temIw

B›-cy-s∏-´p-\nev°p-I-bm-Wv.

Jnem-^-Øns‚]Z-hn-bn-te°vAh-tcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp∂hy

‡nbn¬ ]hm-NIXzØns‚ ]Imiw ]Xn-^en-°p-∂p.

]hm-N-Is‚ KpW-KWßƒ At±-l-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-

∂p.\_n-bpsSA\p-K-l-ß-fn¬\n∂vAt±-l-Øn\p]¶p

e`n-°p-∂p.]cn-ip-≤-cmbPam-A-Øw-K-ß-fm¬Xnc-s™-

Sp-°s∏Sp∂psh-¶nepwJeo-^sb\nb-an-°p-∂-Xvkzbw

A√mlpXs∂-bmWv.CXvA√m-lp-hn-\m¬\evIs∏´

Hcp]Z-hn-bm-Ip-∂p.B¿°pwHcn-°epwHcpJeo-^-sb

ÿm\- -jvS-\m-°m≥km[y-a-√.A√mlpJeo- -bpsSA

[ym-]-I-\m-bnamdp-∂p.A√mlpAt±-l-Øn\vZnhy-⁄m-\

ßƒ\evInA\p-K-ln-°p-∂p.hnizm-kn-I-fpsSlrZ-b-Øn

¬At±ltØmSp≈kvt\lwkwPm-X-am-°p-IbpwAXp

-t]mseAt±-l-Øns‚lrZ-bØnepwhnizmknItfmSp

A\p-I-ºbpw Imcp-Wyhpw P\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

Ah-cpsSZpxJ-ß-fn¬Jeo^Akz-ÿ-\m-Ip-IbpwAh¿

°mbnZpBsNøp-IbpwsNøp-∂p.At±l-Øn\vZpB



kzoIm-cy-X-bpsS AS-bm-f-ßƒ \evI-s∏-Sp-∂p. At±-l-

Øn\v Hcp Akm-[m-c-W-amb ]Xm]w \evI-s∏-Sp-∂p.

amtem-Icm¬At±lwA\p-k-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.At±lsØ

A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw ]n≥]-‰p-Ibpw sNtø≠Xv hnizm-

kn-Iƒ°v\n¿_-‘-am-bnØocp-∂p.AXn¬\n∂v apJw

Xncn®psIm≠p≈acWwPmln-en-ø-Øns‚ac-W-am-Ip-∂p.

At±ltØm-Sp≈_‘wê-Øn¬A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Spw

Ahs‚dkq-en-t\m-Sp-ap≈_‘-am-Ip∂p.Jeo^Xs‚

Ime-L- -Øn¬ qap-J-Øp≈A√m-lp-hns‚]Xn-\n-[nbpw

G‰hpw]nb-s∏´Zmk-\p-am-Ip-∂p.

lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A) Jnem-^-Øns‚ ÿm\-am-

\-ß-fpsS bmYm¿Yy-sØ-°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿in-®p-sIm≠v ]

d-bp-∂p.

""Jeo^bYm¿Y-Øn¬dkq-ens‚]Xn-Om-b-bm-Ip-∂p.

Hcpa\p-jy\pwFs∂t∂°pwPohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-\m-bncn

°m≥km[ya-√.AXn-\m¬ `qan-bn-ep≈F√m a\pjy-

sc°mfpwDXvIr-jvScpwDØ-a-cp-ambssZh-Zq-X∑m-cpsS

AkvXn-XzsØ]Xn-cq]m-h-kvY-bn¬imiz-X-ambnJnbm-

aØv \mƒ h-sc \ne-\n¿Øm≥ A√mlp B-K-ln-®n-cn-

°p-∂p. Cu Dt±-iy-Øm-emWv A√mlp Jnem-^-Øns\

\n¿tZ-in-®-Xv.temIwHcn-°epwHcpIme-Øpw]hm-N-I-

Xz-Øns‚A\p-K-l-ß-fn¬\n∂vHgnbmXn-cn-°m≥th≠n.''

(i-lm-Z-Øp¬ Jp¿-B≥ ]p:57, dqlm-\n-J-km-bn≥ hm.6,

]p:353)

lZvdØvapkvenlvauDu-Zv(-d)]d-bp∂p;

""Hm¿Øp-sIm-≈p-I!Jeo- sbA√m-lp-hmWv\nb-an-°p-

∂Xv.Jeoâ\p-jy-cm¬\nb-an-°-s∏-´-h-\mWvF∂v]

d-bp-∂-h¿If-hmWv]d-bp-∂-Xv.Jnem-^Øvÿm]n-X-am-

Ip-∂Xva\pjyiaê-am-bn-´m-sW-∂vhnip≤Jp¿-B≥

Hcn-SØpwXs∂]cm-a¿i-n-®nńs√∂vImWmw.adn®v,F√m



Xc-Øn-ep≈Jnem-^-Øn-s\bpwkw_-‘n-®vA√mlp]

d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv\mamWvAhsc\nb-an-°p-∂XvF∂m-

Wv.'' (tIm≥sltPmJpZm sIImw sIm tdmIvk-sI,

A≥hm-dp¬Deqw.hm.2,]p:11)

""\p-_p-∆-Øn\ptij-ap≈G‰hpwhenb]ZhnJnem-

Øm-Ip-∂p.Hcphy‡nFt∂mSv]d-™p:k¿°m¿Xe-

Øn¬Xm¶ƒ°vHcp_lp-aXne`n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbnRßƒ

ian-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.Rm≥]d™p: uXnIambÿm\-am-\

-ß-sfms° shdpw \nÊm-c-am-Wv. Jnem-^-Øn\v ap∂n¬

NI-h¿Øn- ]Z-sØt∏mepwRm≥\nÊm-c-ambnIcp-Xp-

∂p.AXn-\m¬\nß-fpsS]h¿Ø-\ßfn¬kq£va-Xbpw

am-\yXbpw]men-°m≥ian°m≥Rm≥\nßsfD]-tZ-

in-°p-I-bm-Wv.Bt£-]-ßƒD∂-bn-°p∂anX-ßƒt]m

epw]mgm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂XvRm≥Hcn-°epwCjvS-s∏Sp-∂n-√.

ImcWw,Jnem-^ØvF∂]Z-hn-bpsSASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

Fs∂-°mƒ]mbm-[n-Iy-ap-≈-hcpwF\n°va°sft]m

se-bm-Wv.Xs‚aI≥\in-°-W-sa∂vHcp]nXmhpwHcn-

°epwBK-ln-°n-√.''(A≥hm-dp¬-D-eqw.hm.9,]p:425- 426)

""P\-ßƒXs∂-bmWvJeo-^sbXnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-sX

¶nepwAXns\A√mlpXs‚Xnc-s™-Sp-∏m-bn-´mWv]d-

™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.]hm-N-I-∑m-cpwJeo-^-am-cpwXΩn-ep≈

hyXymkwCusXc-s™-Sp∏ns‚Imcy-Øn-emWv.A√m

lpBsc-sb-¶nepwt\cn´vJeo-^-bmbnXnc-s™-Sp-°p-

Ibpw"Rm≥ \ns∂ Jeo-^-bm-°p∂p'F∂p]d-bp-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬AØcwJeo- -bpw\_n-bpwXΩn¬bmsXmcp

hyXymkhpw D≠m-In-√. \_n-sbA√mlpkzbwXnc

-s™Sp°pIbpwJeo- -bpsSXnc-s™-Sp∏vZmk¿aptJ-

\-bm--°p-IbpwsNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.F∂m¬Zmk¿aptJ\

bp≈Xnc-s™-Sp∏vXs‚C—-bv°-\p-k-cn-®mWv\S-Øp-

∂-Xv.XpS¿∂vAh≥Ah¿°vklm-bhpw]n¥p-Wbpw



hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂p.'' (Jn-em-^ØvAem an≥lm-Pp-∂p-

_p-∆-Øv,hm.3,]p:593)

""Jnem-^Øv Hcp ssZhnI ]mcn-tXm-jnIw BIp-∂p.

AXn\pXSÊwkrjvSn-°m≥Bcmepwkm[y-a-√.AXp

ssZhtPymXnÊns\ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈Hcpam¿K-am-Ip-

∂p.AXns\\in-∏n-°m≥ian-°p-∂-h¿A√m-lp-hns‚

]Im-isØbmWv\in-∏n-°m≥BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv.\n›-b-w,

\nd-thd-s∏-Sp∂HcphmKvZm-\-am-WnXv.F∂m¬AXns‚

\ne-\n¬∏vhnizm-kn-I-fpsSBflm¿YX-bp-ambn_‘-s∏-

´n-cn-°p-∂p.''(Jn-em- ØvAem-an≥lm-Pp-∂p-_p-∆-Øv,hm

3,]p:420˛421)

""ssZht]jn-X-cpsS]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbJeo- -amsc\ntj

-[n-°p-∂Xpw]cn-lkn-°p-∂Xpw\nÊmcImcy-a-√.AXp

HcpapAv-an-\ns\(hnizm-kn-sb)t]mepw mkn-Jm°n([n

°m-cn-)am‰p-∂Xm-Wv.\nß-fpsS\mhp-I-sfbpwt]\I-sf

bpwA\nb-¥n-XambnhnSp-∂Xv\√]cn-W-X-^-e-amWv

D≠m-°pIF∂vIcp-tX-≠.A√mlp]d-bp-∂p,Rm≥

AØc°mscFs‚Pam-A-Øn¬\n∂vAI‰n\n¿Øp-

∂-Xm-Wv. ^mknJv F∂p ]d-™m¬ A√mlphpambn

bmsXmcp_‘-hp-an√F∂¿Yw.A√m-lp-hn¬\n∂p≈

kwhn-[m-\sØhne-a-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-IbpwAXns\kw_-

‘n®vA\m-h-iy-ambnBtcm-]-W-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p-Ibpw

AXn-s\-XnscAi≤ambnhm°p-Iƒ]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw

sNøps∂-¶n¬AØ-c-°m¿\ntj-[n-Ifmbn- mWvacn-°p-I

F∂Xvhnkva-cn°-cp-Xv.''(Jn-em- ØvAem-an≥lm-Pp-∂p-

_p-∆-Øv,hm.3,]p:8˛9)

lZvdØvJeo-^-Øp¬akolvkmenkv(d-lv)]d-bp-∂p;

""Ime-Øns‚Jeo^apgp-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpwKpcphm-Ip-

∂p. Bb-Xn-\m¬, temI-Øp≈ ]fin-X-∑mcpw XØz-

⁄m-\n-Ifpw injy¿ F∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv At±-l-



Øns‚ap∂n¬hcn-I.DkvXmZvF∂\ne-bn-em-bn-cn-°n√.''

(A¬^Zv¬1966,Unkw-_¿21)

lZvdØv apkvenlv auDuZv(d)s\ D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v lZv

dØvJeo-^-Øp¬akolvA¬Jm-ankvAø-Z-lp-√mlp

XBem_n\kvcnln¬Akokv]d-bp-∂p;

""hy‡n-]c-ambImcy-ß-fn¬Ime-Øns‚Jeo- -bn¬\n

∂vFs¥-¶nepwsX‰pkw`-hn-t®°mw.F∂m¬Pam-A-

Øns‚Bflo-bhpw uXn-I-hp-ambhf¿®-bp-ambn_-‘

-ap≈hnj-b-Øn¬Jeo-^-bn¬\n∂vFs¥-¶nepwA_

≤wkw`-hn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬Xs∂bpwA√mlpAXn¬

\n∂vXs‚Pam-A-Øns\kwc-£n-°p-IbpwAt±-lØn\v

AtXIpdn®vAdn-bn®psImSp-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂-Xm-Wv.

kq^n-I-fpsSkmt¶-XnI`mj-bn¬AXns\CkvasØ

kpKvdm (`m-KnI\njvI-f-¶Xzw)F∂p]d-bp-∂p.Npcp-°-

Øn¬,]hm-N-I-∑m¿°vCkvasØ Ip_vdm(kºq¿W\n

jvI-f-¶Xzw) e`n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Jeo-^-am¿°v Ckv

asØ kpKvdme`y-am-Ip-∂p.Pam-AØn\v\mi-tlXphm-

Ip-∂ -X-c-Øn¬ Ah-cn¬ \ns∂mcp kp]-[m\ ]nghv

D≠m-Im≥A√mlpHcn-°epwA\p-h-Zn-°n-√.Ah-cpsS

Xocp-am-\-ß-fn¬ mKn-I-hpw\nÊm-c-hp-ambsX‰p-IƒD≠m-

Imw.F∂m¬, ]cn-WnX^ewCkvemans‚hnP-bhpw

iXp-°-fpsS]cm-P-bhpwBbn-cn°pw.Npcp-°-Øn¬,Jeo-

^-am¿°vCkvasØ kpKvd-bmWve`y-ambn´p≈-sX-¶nepw

Ah-cpsS \bw Xs∂ Bbn-cn°pw A√m-lp-hns‚Xpw.

kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv Ah-cm-bn-cn°pw, Nen-°p-∂-Xv Ah-cp

sS\mhpambn-cn°pw. ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-XvAh-cpsSXs∂

ssIIfpam-bn-cn°pw._p≤nbpwAh-cpsSXs∂-bm-bn-cn

°pw]h-¿Øn-°p-∂Xv.F∂m¬CXn-s‚-sb√mw]nd-In¬

A√m-lp-hns‚Ic-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv.Ah-

cn¬\n∂v m-Kn-I-ambImcy-ß-fn¬\nÊm-c-ambsX‰pkw -



hnt®°mw. Nne- k-a-bØv Ah-cpsS \nb-tam-]-tZiI¿

Xs∂Ah¿°psX‰mbA`n-]mbw\evImw.F∂m¬,

Cßs\-bp≈ XS-Ê -ßsf AXn-Po-hn-®p-sIm≠v hnPbw

Ah¿°p Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw e`n-°p-I. IÆn-Isf√mw

tbmPn®phcptºmƒamXtaNß-e-_e-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q.

B¿°pwXI¿°m≥km[n-°mØhn[-Øn¬AXpkpZr-

V-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.''(Jp-Xzp-_msXakvdq¿,hm.2,]

p:341˛343,Ah-ew_wX^vkosdI_o¿hm.6,]p:376˛377)

CXn¬\n∂pw a\-Ên-em-Ip-∂XvJnem-^Øvkwhn-[m-

\-Øns‚ amlm-flyhpw tijvT-Xbpw IW°n-se-Sp-Øv

sIm≠v Jnem-^Øv hyh-ÿn-Xn-tbmSv lrZ-bm-fl\m

_‘w]pe¿Øp-IbpwJeo-^sb\ncp-]m-[nIwA\p-

k-cn-°p-IbpwsNøpIF∂Xvhnizm-kn-I-fpsS]Ya]

[m-\ambIS-abmWv.Jeo- sbA√m-lp-hmWv\nb-an-°p-

∂-sX-∂pw,Jeo-^-bmbn\nb-an-°-s∏´hy‡n`qan-bn¬

A√m-lp-hns‚ ]Xn-\n-[nbpw G‰hpw ]nb-¶-c-\p-am-bn-

cn°pwF∂Xpwkv]jvSambÿnXn°v,AØcwA\p-

Kr-loXhy‡n-XzsØlrZbmfl\mkvt\ln-°p-Ibpw

]q¿W-ambpw B am¿K-Øn¬ Aen-™n-√m-Xm-Ip-Ibpw

sNøWw F∂-XmWv AXv \tΩmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

kqd:\qdnseBbØvCkvXnJvem^ns\(Jnem- -Øns‚

hmKvZm-\-ap≈hN-\sØ)Kl-\-ambn]Tn-°p-tºmƒCu

hnjbw hfsc sXfn-hm¿∂-Xmbn amdp-∂p. ]kv XpX

Bb-Øn¬Jnem-^-Øns‚hnj-b-Øn-\p-apºvA√mlp

dkq-ens\A\p-k-cn-°phm≥Iev]n®n-cn-°p-∂p.]n∂oSv

Jnem- -Øns‚]cm-a¿isØØp-S¿∂v]hm-N-Is\A\p-

k-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v DW¿Øp∂p. CXv bmZr-›n-I-a√

adn-®v,Jeo-^-sbA\p-k-cn-°p-∂XvbYm¿Y-Øn¬dkq-

ens\Xs∂A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂hkvXpXCXn¬

A¥¿eo\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.AXvt]m-se-Øs∂dkq-ens\

A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-XneqsS AtX Bfl-k-a¿∏W-tØmSp



-IqSnBdkq-ens‚Jeo-^-sbbpw\n›-b-ambpwA\p-k-

cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂phcp∂p.

Ime-Øns‚ Jeo-^-tbmSp≈ A\p-k-c-WsØ kw_-

‘n®vXn-cp-\_n-(-k)bpsSCulZo-Ypwi≤-bn¬D≠m-bn-

cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Xn-cp-\_n-(-k)]d-bp∂p:

A¿Yw:A√m-lp-hns‚Jeo^ qan-bn¬Ds≠∂v\nßƒ

Adn-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬,\nß-fpsSicocwXp≠wXp≠am°-

s∏-´mepw\nß-fpsSkº-Øp-IƒsIm≈-b-Sn-°-s∏-´mepw

At±-l-hp-ambn\nßƒ_‘wÿm]n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.(apkv

\ZvAlvaZv_n≥lº¬,lZoYv22333)

bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Cu Zp≥bm-hn-ep≈ G‰hpw DØ-a-hpw

Aaq-ey-hpambJP-\mhvJnem- -ØmsW∂vCulZo-Yn¬

\n∂vkv]jvS-am-Ip-∂p.AXvPoh-s\-°mfpwkº-Øn-s\-

°mfpwaqey-ta-dn-b-Xm-Ip-∂p.AXn-\m¬CukºØvA

√mlpGsX-¶nepwPam-A-Øn\p]Zm\wsNøp-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬AXn-t\mSv H´n-t®-cp-I.GsXm-c-h-ÿ-bnepwAXp-

ambnH´n-t®¿∂p\nev°p-∂XpXs∂-bmWvPohs‚\n

e\nev-]n∂m[m-cw.

Jnem-^-Øns‚ A\p-K-l-ßƒ

Jnem-^-Øns‚al-ØmbA\p-K-l-ßƒCh-bmWv:

$Zo\ns‚]_e-X

$kam-[m\Øns‚kwÿm]-\w

$bmYm¿Y\ne-bn¬ssZhm-cm-[-\-bpsS]p\xÿm]-\w

$kwip≤Xulo-Zns‚hos≠-Sp∏v

$a\pjytkh-\-ßƒ

$Ckvemans‚]Nm-cWw

$A`n-hr-[n-Iƒ

$sFIy-hpwAJ-WvUXbpw

$ssZhnIklm-b-ßƒ

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Aeman≥lm-Pp-∂p-_p-∆-Øv,hmfyw.3,]p:569)

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¥p-W-sbbpwIpdn®p]cm-a¿in-®p-sIm≠vlZvdØvakolv

auDu-Zv(-A)]d-bp∂p:""temIwFs∂Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂n-√.F

∂m¬,Fs∂Ab-®-h≥Fs∂Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.Fs‚\m

iwBK-ln-°p∂pF∂XvAh-cpsSA_-≤hpwZu¿`m-



KyhpamWv.bYm¿YDS-a-ÿs‚I-cßfm¬\Ss∏´hr£-

am-Ip∂pRm≥.P\-ßtf!Ah-km\whscFt∂mSpIqdv

]p-e¿Øp∂lkvX-amWvFt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-≈-sX∂v\n›-

b-ambpw a\-Ên-em-°n-s°m-≈p-I.'' (kaoa Xplv^ tKm

ƒU-hn-ø,dqlm\nJkm-C≥hmfyw17,]p:49,50)

""FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ Pam-A-Øns\ temI-Øns‚ GXm\pw

`mK-ß-fn¬]N-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂vXS-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈hn -

e-ambiaw\S-Øn-bn-cp∂p.F∂m¬,A√mlphmKvZØ

]pXs‚ssII-fm¬Ckvemans‚A[ym-]-\-ßfpwXs‚

alvZnbpsSAdn-bn-∏p-IfpwtemI-Øns‚tImWp-I-tfmfw

FØn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbnXlvcoIv PZo-Zns‚ cq]-Øn¬ Hcp

AXn-a-l-Ømb]≤Xn°vBhn-jvImcw\evIp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

AXns‚HcplrZ-b-lm-cn-bmbA\p-KlwC∂vFw.-Sn.F

bpsScq]-Øn¬\ap°v\evI-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.A√mlpCu

A\p-Klw X∂-cp-fn-s°m≠v Ime-Øns‚ Jeo-^-bpsS

i_vZsØapgp-tem-IØpwFØn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.''(tkm-h-\o¿

Jnem-^ØvAlvaZnøkZvkmePq_n-en,2008)(-XlvcoIv

PZoZvA©pa≥AlvaZnø]m°n-kvXm≥]p:15)

""C∂vA√m-lp-hns‚A\p-K-l-Øm¬Pam-A-Øn-s‚bpw

Ime-Øns‚ Jeo-^-bp-sSbpw CS-bn¬ ssZh-Xr-]vXn-

Imw£n-®p-sIm≠p≈kvt\l-Øns‚imiz-X-amb_‘w

ÿm]n-X-am-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.AlvaZn-I-fmb]pcp-j-∑m

cpwkvXoIfpwIp´n-Ifpwhr≤cpwbphm-°fpwF√m-hcpw

Xs∂Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^-bp-ambnAtß-b‰wkmao]yw

Ic-ÿ-am-°n-°-gn-™p.CXvA√m-lp-hns‚klm-b-an-√msX

Akm-[y-am-bn-cp-∂p. temIw apgp-h\pw Jnem-^-Øns‚

A\p-c-‡¿]c-∂p-In-S-°p-I-bm-Wv.Ah¿Jnem-^-Øns‚

cq]-Øn¬e`y-am-bn-´p≈ssZhnI]misØapdp-sI-]n-Sn-

®p-sIm≠vapgp-tem-IØpwCkvemans‚im¥n-bp-sSbpwkvt\

l-Øn-s‚bpwkpµ-c-ambA[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS]XmIDb¿



Øn-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.Jnem- Øns‚A\p-K-l-

Øm¬A√mlpAlvaZnømPam-A-Øns\HcpIøn¬Hcp

an®p-Iq-´n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.F√m-h-scbpwJnem-^-Øns‚

A\p-Kr-loXtiWn-bn¬tIm¿Øn-W-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

temI-Øns‚F√mB[p-\nIkwt]jWam¿K-ß-sfbpw

D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠vk¿h--aX˛tKmX -\nd˛hwi-ß-

fn-ep-ap≈Bfp-I-fn-te°vCkveman-s‚ktµiwFØn-®p

-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂XvssZhnIklmbwIc-ÿ-am-bn- p≈Cu

Pam-AØvamX-am-Wv.Jnem-^-Øn¬A\p-c-‡-cmbCu

kaqlw Hmtcm \nan-jhpwCkveman-s‚ ]N-c-W-Øn¬

hym]r-X-cm-Wv.AlvaZn-øØvAYhmbYm¿YCkveman

s‚]ptcm-K-XnbpsSbpwhnP-b-ß-fp-sSbpwkphm¿Ø\

evIn-s°m≠mWvHmtcmZn\hpwDZn-®p-b-cp-∂-Xv.CXns\

bmWvZo\ns\]_-e-s∏-Sp-ØpIF∂p]d-bp-∂-Xv.''

""Npcp-°-Øn¬ Jnem-^-Øn-s‚ kwÿm]-\-sØbpw

`b-Øn-\p-tijw e`n-°p∂ kam-[m-\sØbpw Zo\ns‚

]_e-X-sbbpw Ipdn®v A√mlp hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p \ev

Inb hmKvZm\ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øns‚ km£y-]X-amWv

AlvaZnømPam-A-Øv.AXn-\m¬,CuA\p-K-l-ß-fn¬

\n∂v imiz-X-ambn ]¶p e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw

Xß-fpsS `mhn-X-e-ap-dsb kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw th≠n

Jnem-^-Øn-t\mSv H´n-t®¿∂p \ne-sIm-≈p-I. Ft∏mgpw

Jnem-^-Øp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I. Xß-fpsS

k¥-Xn-Iƒ°pwCtX]mTw-Xs∂\evIn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I.

Xß-fpsSZpB-IfpwBflm¿Y-XbpwIqdpwaptJ\Ime-

Øns‚Jeo-^-bpsSklm-bn-I-fm-bn-amdp-I.A√mlp\n

ßƒs°-√m-h¿°pw AXn-\p≈ ku`mKyw \evIp-am-dm-

I-s´.Bao≥''(tkm-h-\o¿Jnem- ØvAlvaZnøkZvkm

emPq_nen2008)(-XlvcoIvPZoZvA©p-a≥AlvaZnø

]m°n-ÿm≥]p:16)



""Jeo-^sbA√mlpkzbw\nb-an--°p∂pF∂-XmWv\

ΩpsShnizmkw.Jnem-^Øns‚Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬bmsXm-

cp-hn-[-\yq-\-XbpwD≠m-Ip-∂-X-√.A√mlpBscbmtWm

CuXncp-hkvXwAWn-bn®Xv,Bhy‡n-bn¬\n∂pw

AXvAgn-®-p-am‰mt\mXń-sbSp°mt\mB¿°pwkm[y

-a-√.P\-ßƒNne-t∏mƒ\nÊm-c-\mbnImWp∂HcpZp¿_-

e-s\bmbn-cn°pwA√mlpXnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.F∂m¬,

Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xn-\p-tijwAt±-l-Øn\vXs‚]Xm-]-

Øn-s‚bpwtXPÊn-s‚bpwHcp]k-cn∏v\evIp-∂p.At∂

cwAt±-l-Øns‚hy‡nXzwtemIcn¬\n∂vad-bp-Ibpw

A√m-lp-hns‚ i‡n]`m-h-Øn¬ hnebw ]m]n°pI

bpwsNøp-∂p.At∏mƒA√mlpAt±-lsØ]nSns®gp-

t∂ev∏n®vXs‚Imcp-Wy-Øns‚aSn-Øń¬Ccp-Øp-∂p.

]n∂oSvXs‚klm-bhpw]n¥p-WbpwA√mlpkZm-B

hy‡n°v\¬In-A\p-K-ln-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂p.At±-l-

Øn-\vPam-A-ØwK-ß-fpsSImcy-ß-fn¬kz¥wImcy-ß

-fn-ep-≈-Xn-s\-°mƒD]-cn-bmbDXvI-WvTbpwlrZ-b-thZ

\bpwD≠m-Ip-∂p.BthZ-\sbXs‚kz¥wthZ-\-tb

-°mƒA[n-I-ambnA\p- -hn-°m≥XpS-ßp-∂p.XXv -eambn

Pam-A-ØnseHmtcmhy‡n°pwXt∂m-sSm∏wXs‚thZ

\a\Ên-em-°p-IbpwX\n-°mbn]m¿Yn-°p-IbpwXt∂mSv

klm-\p-`qXnh®p]pe¿Øp-IbpwsNøp∂Hcphy‡n

Ds≠∂t_m[wDf-hm-Im≥XpS-ßp-∂p.''(A¬^Zv¬Zn

\-]Xw30˛5˛2003,]p:2)(-kZv¿]XnIJnem-^ØvAlva

ZnøkZvkmePq_nen]Xn∏v2008,]p:17)

"Jnem-^-Øp-am-bp≈ Pam-A-Øw-K-ß-fpsS _‘hpw

Pam-A-Øw-K-ß-fp-am-bp≈Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^-bpsS_

‘hpw ùXn-I-cpsS k¶ev]-ßƒ°-Xo-X-am-b-Xm-Ip-∂p.

Ah¿°-Xns\a\Ên-em-°m≥Xs∂km[n-°n-√.

Pam-AØpwJeo- bpwHtcAkvXn-Xz-Øns‚c≠pt]



cp-I-fm-sW∂vlZvdØvJeo-^-Øp¬akolvkmen-kv(-d-lv)

]d-™XvFXhmkvX-h-am-Wv.GXm-bmepwPam-AØpw

Jnem-^ØpwXΩn-ep≈Cu _‘w Cu P¬k-I-fn¬

IqSp-X¬ ]I-S-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂p, A¬lw-Zp-en-√m-lv.

F\n-°-Xn¬hfsckt¥m-j-ap-≠v.A√m-lp-hns‚A\p-

K-l-Øm¬ Im\U Pam-AØpw Bflm¿Y-X-bp-tSbpw

hniz-kvX-X-bpsSbpwCu_‘-Øn¬hfscD∂-X\ne

bn-emWp-≈Xv.CXvXmXvIm-en-I-ambBth-i-Øn-s‚bpw

hnIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw_‘-am-Im-Xn-cn-°-s´.\nßƒFt∏mgpw

kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw Iqdn-s‚bpw ]I-S\-amWv \S-Øn-bn-

´p-≈-Xv. sabv 27˛\v Rm≥ Jnem-^-Øp-ambn_‘-s∏´

JpXzp_\evIn-b-t∏mƒPam-A-Ømb\ne-bn-epw,hnhn[

ÿe-ß-fn¬\n∂vhy‡n-]-c-amb\ne-bnepwIqdpwBflm

¿Y-X-b-pw \nd™ _‘-sØ-Ip-dn-®p≈ IØp-Iƒ e`n-

®p.-A-Xn¬G‰hpwBZy-hpw,G‰hpwIqSp-XepwIØp-

Iƒe`n-®XvIm\-U-bn¬\n-∂m-Wv.Cukvt\l-Øn-s‚

bpw Iqdn-t‚bpw ]I-S-\hpw hmZhpw Hcp XmXvIm-enI

Bth-i-Øn-ep≈X√m-Xn-cn-°-s´. adn®vF∂pw\ne-\nev

°p-∂Xpwimiz-XhpwBbn-cn-°-s´.IqSmsX\nß-fpsS

Xe-ap-d-I-fnepw\ne-\nev°p-∂XpwimXz-XhpwBbn-cn-°-

s´.''(Jp-Xzp-_msXakvdq¿h:3,]p:388˛389.JmZn-bm≥]

kn-≤o-I-cWw2005)

ss\Po-cnbPam-A-Øp-ambn_‘-s∏´vJnem-^-Øns‚

A\p-K-l-ßsfIpdn®v]cm-a¿in-®p-sIm≠vlpkq¿Xncp-a-

\Êv]d-bp-∂p:

""ss\Po-cnbPam-AØvJnem- -Øns‚A\p-K-l-ßsf

t\cn´vZ¿in-®n-´p-≠v.CuA\p-K-lsØ\nßƒhf-sc-b-

[nIwhne-a-Xn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.ChnsS]≈n-Iƒt]mepwIø-

S°nJnem- -Øn¬\n∂vAI-∂-h-cpsSC∂sØAhÿ

F¥m-sW∂v\nßƒ°-dnbmw.Ah¿H∂a√m-Ø-X-h-cmbn



Øo¿∂p.F∂m¬Jnem-^-Øm-Ip∂A\p-K-l-tØmSp

tN¿∂p\n∂-h¿°v,Xß-fpsS_bv-AØv]Xn-⁄sb

]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]cn-i-an-°p-∂-h¿°vA√mlp

AkwJywA\p-K-l-ßƒ\evIpI-bp-≠m-bn.C∂vHmtcm

]´-W-Ønepw \nßƒPam-A-Øns‚]ptcm-KXn- Im-Wp-

∂nt√?ChnsSbp≈Bbn-c-ßfpsSkm∂n≤ywJnem-^-

Øn-t\m-sSm-∏-amWvA\p-K-l-ap-≈XvF∂-Xn\vsXfn-hm-

Ip-∂p.AXn\m¬Ft∏mgpwXß-fpsSDØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßsf

a\Ên-em-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I.A√mlp\nßƒ°-Xn-\p≈

Xu^oJv\¬Ip-am-dm-Is´.\nßƒCuA\p-K-l-Øn¬\n

∂v]tbm-P\wDƒs°m-≈p-∂-h-cm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn°p-Ibpw

sNøp-am-dm-I-s´.Bao≥''(XAÊp-dmØvJnem- ØvAlv

aZnøkZvkmePq_nen2008,]p:76˛77)

2008sabvH∂n\vlpkq¿Xncp-a-\-Êv]›naB^n-°

≥ kµ¿i-\-tijw aS-ßn-sb-Øn-b-t∏mƒ bp.sI ePv\

Cam-bn-√mlvHcpkzmKX]cn-]mSnkwL-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.]

kvXpX]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬lpkq¿Xncp-a-\ÊvlZvdØvakolv

auDu-Zv(-A)s‚ A¬h-kn-øØv KŸ-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-

sIm≠p]d™p:

""lZvdØvvakolvauDuZv(A)s‚HcpD≤-c-Wn-tIƒ∏n-°p-

I-bm-Wv.Cu`qan-bn¬\n∂vhnS-]-d-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈kabw

kao-]-ÿ-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw,D∂X\ne-hmcw]pe¿

Øp-∂-hcpwXymKwka¿∏n-°p-∂-hcpwAS°wsNø-s∏-

Sp∂ Hcp aJv_d \n¿an-°-W-sa∂pw A√mlp lZvdXv

akolvauDu-Zv(-A)-t\mSv]d-™-t∏mƒAt±lwA¬hkn-

øØvFs∂mcp KŸwcNn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.AXn¬B

alm-flmhv]d-bp-∂p:

AXpsIm≠vA√tbm]nb-s∏-´-htc,FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS

\nc¿Y-I-ß-fmbc≠vBÀm-Z-ßsfXI¿°p∂-Xn\pth

≠nXs‚k\m-X\\S-]-Sn-b-\p-k-cn®vC]-ImcwA√mlp



c≠phn[w Znhy-i-‡n-Iƒ ]I-S-am-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v

C\nA√mlpXs‚k\m-X-\-amb\S-]-Sn-I-awDt]-£n®p

If-bp-sa∂Xvkw`-hy-a-√.X∑qewRm≥\nß-tfmSvhnh-

cn®CuImcy-ßƒsIm≠v\nßƒIpWvTn-Xcpwa\:t¢i-

ap-≈-hcpwBI-cp-Xv.ImcWw,\nßfpwc≠m-asØZnhy

tXP-Êns\Z¿in-t°-≠XvAXym-h-iy-am-Ip-∂p.\nßƒ°v

KpWI-c-amWv AXns‚ BK-a\w! F¥psIms≠-∂m¬,

AXvim-iz-XhpwAXns‚irwJeA¥y-\mƒhscapdn-

™p-t]m-Im-Ø-Xp-am-Wv.Rm≥t]mbm¬,A√mlp\nß

ƒ°pth≠nc≠mwZnhy-i-‡nsbAb°pw.""_dm-lo-s\

AlvaZnøm''bnseA√m-lp-hns‚hmKvZm-\-a-\p-k-cn®vAXv

Ft∏mgpw\nßtfmsSm∏wD≠m-bn-cn-°pw.(A¬h-kn-ø-Øv.

dqlm\nJkm-C≥hm:20,]p:305)

lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A)\evInb Cu kphm¿Ø

Ign™\qdph¿j-ß-fmbn]q¿Øn-bm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-

Xmbn\mwImWp-∂p,I≠psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p.H∂mwJn

em-^Øn¬P\-ßƒIcp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv,lZvdXvakolvau-

Du-Zv(-A)h^m-Øm-bn-°-gn-™p,C\nAlvaZn-øØvGXm\pw

Znh-k-tØ-°p≈AXn-Yn-am-X-am-sW∂m-bn-cp∂p.]n∂oSv,

c≠mwJnem-^ØvImeØvB`y-¥-c-I-elwBcw-`n-®-

t∏mƒss]Km-an-IƒF∂pw,emtlm-cn-IƒF∂pwssK¿

ap_m-bn-AvF∂pw]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂Jnem- Øvhntcm[nIƒ,

C\nPam-AØvkwhn-[m-\sØ\nb-¥n-°m-\p≈Ah-

ImiwA©p-a-\m-Wv,Jnem-^-Øns‚bmsXmcpBh-iy-

hp-an√F∂vi‡n-bp‡whmZn°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.At∏mƒ

lZvdØv apkvenlv auDu-Zv(-d)s‚ ]mbw tIhewCcp-]-

Øn-\mevhb-km-bn-cp-∂p.henbhenb]fin-X-∑m¿Zo\n-

s\-°p-dn®vAdn-hp-≈-h-cpw,A°m-eØvCkvemwAlvaZn

-ø-Øns‚Pam-AØvhyh-ÿn-Xn-bpsSs\Spw-Xq¨F∂v

Icp-X-s∏-´-hcpwPam-A-Øvhn´pt]mIp-I-bp-≠m-bn.Nne¿



lZvdØv Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv km\n(-d)-t\m-sSm∏w \n

ev°p-IbpwsNbvXp.

F∂m¬lZvdØvJeo-^-Øp¬akolvkm\n(-d)bpsS

Aº-Øn-c≠ph¿jßtfmfw\ne-\n∂Jnem- ØvHmtcm

Zn\hpw]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS]pXnb]S-hp-IƒXm≠n-s°m-≠n-

cn-°p-∂-Xmbn\mwI≠p.At±-l-Øns‚Ime-L-´-Øn¬

B^n-°-bn¬ Pam-AØv ]h¿Ø-\-am-cw-`n-®p. bqtdm-

∏nepw anj≥ ÿm]n-X-am-bn. Jnem-^-Øns‚ ]Ømw

h¿jw Xs∂ ChnsS e≠-\n¬ Cu ]pXn-b -]-≈n°v

Xd-°√nSpIbpwsNbvXp.

]n∂oSv,aq∂mwJnem-^-Øns‚Ime-L´wh∂p.A°m-

e-L-´-Ønepwhnti-jn®vHcpImeØv_n´ojvtImf-\n-

I-fm-bn-cp∂B^n-°≥cmPy-ß-fn¬AlvaZn-øØvhf-

sc-b-[nIw]Nmcwt\Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

]n∂oSv \memw Jnem-^Øv Ime-L-´-Øn¬ \nXyhpw

A`n-hr-[n-bpsSHcp]pXnbNI-hmfw\mwZ¿in®p.B

^n-°-bnepwbqtdm-∏n-epwGjy-bnepwtIhewFw.-Sn.F

aptJ\ temI-Øns‚ tImWp-I-tfmfw Pam-A-Øns‚

i_vZw]N-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Cu]ptcm-K-Xn-IƒlZvdØvakolvauDu-Zn(-A)s‚]h-

N-\a-\p-k-cn-®pX-s∂bm-bn-cp-∂p.B alm-flmhv ]d-bp-

I-bp-≠m-bn,c≠mwZnhy-i‡nhtc-≠XvA\n-hm-cy-am-Ip

-∂p.ImcWwAXv-im-iz-X-am-bn-cn°pw.Fs∂∂pwAXp

\nß-tfm-sSm∏wD≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.Ft∏mgpwA`n-hr

-[n-bpsS]S-hp-IƒXcWwsNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂hkvXp-

hmWvimiz-X-ambn\ne-\nevIp-∂-Xv.AXn-\m¬A√m-lp-hn

s‚Imcp-Wy-Øm¬Jnem- -Øp-ambn_‘-s∏´p\n¬°p-

∂-Xn-\m¬Pam-AØvA`n-hr-[n-s∏-´p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p.

]n∂oSv\memwJeo- -bpsSac-W-tijwA√mlpF\n

°v Cu ]Zhn \evIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. At∂cw Pam-AØv



Fßs\-bmWvapt∂m´pt]mIpIF∂ bwFs‚a\-Ên

¬D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-´vIqSnF√mImcy-ßfpwA√mlpkzbw

Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw F√m- \n-e-bnepw Biz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.GsXmcpthK-X-bn-em-bn-cp-∂pthm]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-

te°v\oßn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂XvAX-ßs\Øs∂XpS-cp-I-bp-

≠m-bn.XpS¿∂psIm≠vt]m-Ip-IbpwsNøp-∂p.ImcWw

Rm≥\ns‚Pam-A-Øns\temI-Øns‚tImWp-I-tfmfw

FØn-°p-∂-XmWvF∂XvlZvdØvakolvauDu-Zn(-A)-t\m-

Sp≈A√m-lp-hns‚hmKvZm-\-am-Wv.A√mlphns‚Imcp-

Wy-Øm¬Pam-AØvtemI-Øns‚A‰-ß-tfm-fwFØn-

s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.P\-ßƒIq´wIq´-ambnPam-A-Øn¬

]th-in-®p -sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬

A√m-lp-hn\vXs‚]nb-cpsSA¥-Êns\°pdn-®p≈Nn¥-

bp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.bYm¿Y-Øn¬A√m-lp-Xs‚tPm

enNnehy‡n-IƒaptJ\\S-∏n¬h-cp-Øp-Ibm-Wv.Cu

`qan-bn-te°vA√mlp\ntbm-Kn-°p∂Xs‚]nb-Zmk-cmb

]hm-N-I-∑m¿aptJ\temIØvAh≥Xs‚A[ym-]-\-

ßfpwXs‚hyh-ÿn-Xnbpwÿm]n-°m≥BK-ln-°p-∂p.

]n∂oSv]hm-N-I-∑m¿°vtijwAh-cpsSA\p-bm-bn-Iƒ

aptJ-\bpw,]n∂oSvJnem-^ØvaptJ\bpwBhyh-ÿn

Xn\ne-\n∂pt]mcp-∂p.]ptcm-KXnssIh-cn-®p-sIm-t≠-

t]m-Ip-∂p.''(A¬^Z¬ C‚¿\m-j-W¬, Jnem-^Øv

AlvaZnøkZvkmePq_nen]Xn∏v25Pqsse 7BKÃv

2008,]p:16)

lpkq¿Xncp-a-\ÊvAlvaZnømPam-A-Øn\vkphm¿Ø

\evIn-s°m≠v]d-bp∂p:

""A©mwJnem- -Øn-t\m-sSm∏w\mw]th-in-®n-cn-°p∂

Cu]pXn-b-\q-‰m≠vAlvaZn-ø-Øns‚]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sSbpw

hnP-b-ß-fp-sSbpwIme-L-´-am-bn-cn°pw,C≥imA√m-lv.

Rm≥ \nßƒ°v Dd∏v \evIn-s°m≠v ]d-bp-∂p, A√m-



lp-hns‚ klm-b-ß-fpsS Ihm-S-ßƒ Xpd-∂n-cn-°p-∂p,

Xpd-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂-Xm-Wv.AXpaqew]n

d-hn-sb-Sp-°p∂Hmtcm Zn\hpw Pam-A-Øns‚hnP-b-ß-

fpsS \mfns\ kao-]-ÿ-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Rm≥

Bflhni-I-e\w\SØp-tºmƒe÷n-X-\m-Ip-∂p.Rms\m

cpFfnbh\pwAtbm-Ky-\pw]m]`mc-ta-dn-b-h-\p-amba\p

-jy-\m-Ip-∂p.Fs∂Cuÿm\ØvAh-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn¬

A√m-lp-hns‚Dt±iywF¥m-sW∂vF\n°-dn-bn√.F

∂m¬ F\n°v hfsc kv]jvS-am-b- \n-e-bn¬ ]d-bm≥

Ignbpw,A√mlpCuIme-L-´sØXs‚A\¥-amb

klm-b-ßfpw ]n¥p-W-Ifpw \evIn-s°m≠v A`n-hr-[n-

bpsScmP-]m-X-I-fn-eqsSapt∂m´psIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv,

C≥im-A-√m-lv. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚

hf¿®sbXSp-°m≥Bcmepwkm[y-a-√.`mhn-bnepwCu

hf¿®\ne-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-X-√.Jeo- -am-cpsSirwJe\ne-

\n-∂p -t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚Ime-Sn-Iƒ ap

t∂m-´p-Xs∂\oßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv,C≥imA√m

lv.''(A¬^Zv¬C‚¿\mj-W¬.Jnem-^ØvAlvaZnø

iX-hm¿jnIPq_nen]Xn∏v˛2008Pqsse25˛BKÃv

7,]p:12)

]d-bp∂p:""Pam-A-Øw-K-ßƒJeo-^sbhf-sc-b-[nIw

kvt\ln-°p-∂p.Jeo^Ah-scbpwhfsckvt\ln-°p-

∂p.Ahsc√mhcpwA√m-lp-hn-t\mSpkvt\lwh®p-]p-e¿

Øp-∂p.Cu]c-kv]ckvt\lwFs∂∂pw\ne-\nev°p-

∂-Xm-Wv.C≥imA√m-lv.''(A¬^Zv¬C‚¿\m-j-W¬

2008Pqsse11˛17,]p:10)

Jnem-^-Øns‚AXn-a-l-ØmbA\p-K-lsØ]cm-a¿

in-®p-sIm≠v lpkq¿ Xncp-a-\Êv Aø-Z-lp-√m-lp-X-Be

_n∂-kvco-ln¬Akokv]d-bp∂p:""A√mlpXs‚Imcp-

Wy-Øm¬Bbn-cØn\m∂qdph¿j-ßƒ°p-tijwho



≠pwHcpA\p-K-lsØCd-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p∂p.AXpap≥

Km-an-Isf]n≥Km-an-IfpambnHcp-an-∏n®p.AXn-\m¬Cu

A\p-K-lsØhne-a-Xn-°p-I-bpw,AXns\Ft∏mgpwkva

cn®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw,AXn¬\n∂v]tbm-P\wIc-ÿ-

am-°ns°m-≠ncn°p-IbpwsNtø≠XvHmtcmAlvaZn-bp

-sSbpwIS-a-bm-Ip-∂p.]n∂oSvA-Xn-\p-tijwJnem- -Øm-

Ip∂A\p-K-l-sØbpw\nehn¬hcpØn.AXp-ambpw

Bflm¿Y-X-bp-sSbpwIqdn-s‚bpw_‘wÿm]n-t°-≠

XvA\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂p.lZvdØvakolvauDuZn¬(A)hniz

-kn-°p∂pF∂phmZn-°p∂\ap°v,_bv-AØv\n_-‘-\-

Isf b- ‡ntbmsS]q¿Øn-bm-t°-≠XvA\n-hm-cyam-Ip-

∂p.\nßƒc≠mwZnhy-i-‡n-ImtW-≠XvA\n-hm-cy-am-

sW∂vlZvdØvakolvauDu-Zv(-A)]d-™n-cp-∂p.lZvdØv

akolv auDu-Zn(-A)s\ hniz-kn-®m¬ amXw aXn-sb∂pw

Jnem- -Øn¬_bv-AØvsNtø-≠XvA\n-hm-cy-a-s√∂pw

]d-bp-∂-h¿ lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A)-t\mSv sNbvX

]Xn-⁄-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øp-t]m-Ip-∂-h-cm-Wv. Jnem-^-

Øn¬_bv-AØv sNø-m\p≈Xu^oJve`n®\nßƒ

ku`m-Ky-hm-∑m-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXn-\mbn `b-`-‡nbpw

Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-Im-Ø-Xm-Wv.C∂v\mwtIhewAlvaZnøm

Jnem-^-Øns‚\qdph¿jw]q¿Øn-bm-b-XmbnImWpI

amX-a√ adn-®v,A√m-lp-hns‚A\p-K-l-ßsf Z¿in-®p-

sIm≠vhnP-b-ß-fp-sSbpwk^-e-X-I-fp-sSbpwtXP-kn¬

AXvapt∂m´pIpXn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-XmbpwImWp-∂p.''

(A-¬^Zv¬C‚¿\m-j-W¬,2008BKÃv22˛25,]p:2)

lpkq¿Xncp-a-\Êv]d-bp∂p:

""C∂ptemI-Øp≈GXpcmPyØphkn-°p∂AlvaZn

-bpsSapJ-tØ°pt\m°n-bmepwF\n°vHcpImcy-Øn¬

Gsd-Ipsds]mcpØwImWm≥km[n-°p-∂p.AXvAlva

ZnømJnem-^-Øn-t\m-Sp≈Bflm¿Y-X-bp-sSbpwIqdn-s‚



bpw_‘-Øn-em-Wv.AXv]m°n-kvXm-\n¬hkn-°p∂A

lvaZn-bm-bn-s°m-≈s´,As√-¶n¬C¥y-bntem,Ct¥m-t\-

jy-bntemZzo]p-I-fntemhkn-°p∂AlvaZn-øm-bn-s°m-≈

s´,_w•m-tZ-intem,BkvtXeybntem,bqtdm-∏ntem,Ata

-cn-°-bntemhkn-°p∂AlvaZn-øm-bn-s°m-≈s´,As√-¶n

¬B^n-°-bnseDƒ\m-SpIfn¬hkn-°p∂AlvaZn-I-fm-

bn-s°m-≈-s´,Ime-L-´-Øns‚Jeo-^sbImWp-tºmƒ

Hcphntijkvt\lw,Hcp]tXyI_‘w,apJ-ß-fnepw

IÆp-I-fnepwHcp]tXyI]k-cn∏vImWm≥km[n-°p-∂p.

CXvlZvdØvakolvauDu-Zn(-A)-t\m-Sp≈_bv-A-Øn-s‚

bpwhniz-kvXXbpsSbpw_‘wkXy-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb

XpsIm-≠m-Wv. CXv -Xn-cp-\_n(-k)-tbmSv ]q¿W-ambpw

A\p-k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpwkvt\l-Øn-t‚bpw_‘wH∂psIm

≠pamX-am-Wv.AXn-\p-Im-cWw,Xn-cp-\_n(-k)amXamWv

apgp-h≥am\-h-Ip-e-Øn\pwtam£w\evIp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n

ssZh-Øm¬\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´hy‡n-sb∂pwBalm-flm

-hn-te°vFØn-°m-\p≈HcpIÆn-bmWvAlvaZnømJnem

- ØvF∂p-ap≈]q¿W-⁄m-\hpwAdn-hp-am-Ip-∂p.GI

-\mb ssZh-Øns‚khn-[Øn¬Bflm¿∏-W-Øn-\mbn

kZmhyKXsIm≈p-∂XvCusFIyat\m- mhØns‚AS-

bm-f-am-Ip-∂p.AXn-\m¬CØ-c-Øn-ep≈Hcpkap-Zmb

sØ,CØ-c-Øn-ep≈hnIm-cw-sIm-≈p∂Bflm-°sfat‰

sX-¶nepwkap-Zm-b-Øn\v]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥km[n-°p

tam?Hcn-°-ep-an-√.C\nAlvaZn-ø-Øn-\mbn -hn[n°s∏-

´Xv hnP-b-Øns‚]S-hp-IƒXm≠n]ptcm-K-an-°p-Ibpw

apgp-h≥temI-tØbpwXn-cp-\_n(-k)-bpsS]Xm-Ibv°vIo

sgHcp-an®pIq´pIbpwsNøpIF∂-Xm-Wv.Xs‚hmKvZm-\

ßsfhrYm-hn-em-°mØA√m-lp-hns‚CuIm-e-L- -Øn

te°p≈Cam-an-t\m-Sp≈hmKvZm-\-am-WnXv.''(A¬ Zv¬

C‚¿\m-j-W¬,2008HIvtSm-_¿31˛\hw-_¿7,]p:12)



Jnem- -Øns‚A\p-K-l-ß-fpsSHcpkw£n-]vX-cq-]-am-

Wn-Xv.hmkvX-h-Øn¬apgp-h≥A\p-K-l-ß-sfbpwKln-

°m≥ \ΩpsS _p≤n-t°m apgp-h≥ hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥\ΩpsS t]\t°mkm[ya-√.F∂m¬

F√mXc-Øn-epap≈A\p-K-l-ßfpw\p_p-∆-Øn\vti

jwCussZhn-I-]m-i-hp-ambn_‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂pF∂-

Xm-WvbmYm¿Yyw.F√m\∑-I-fpwCXp-aptJ-\-bmWve`n

-°p-∂-Xv.Cuam¿K-Øn-eqsSamXta]tbm-P\wIc-ÿ-

am-IpIbp≈pF∂Imcywhnizm-kn-IƒAwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

Jnem- -Øns‚A\p-K-l-ßsf]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbnAh

sb\nc-¥cwkvacn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-t°-≠XvA\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

CXvkw_-‘-ambnlZvdØvapkvenlvauDu-Zv(-d)]d-bp-∂p.

""Jnem- -Øns‚A\p-K-l-ßsfkvacn-®p-sIm-≠ncn°m≥

Rm≥D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibm-Wv.HcphkvXp-hns\Hm¿a-bn¬\n

e-\n-dp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbnh¿j-Øn¬HcpZn\wBtLm-jn-°p

IF∂Xv]pcm-X\kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsSkº-Zm-bam-Ip-∂p.

DZm-l-c-W-am-bn,inbm-°sft\m-°p-I,Ah¿h¿j-Øn¬

Hcn-°¬XAv-knøF∂A\p-tim-N\]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ\S-

Øp-∂p.lZvdØvlpssk≥(d)s‚ilm-ZØvZn\wkap-Zm

bwA\pkvacn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´m-Wn-Xv.CtX-t]mseh¿j-

Øn¬Hcn°¬Jnem-^ØvZn\-ambnBN-cn-°m≥Rm≥

Jp±m-ant\mSv D]-tZ-in-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]kvXpX Zn\-Øn¬

Jnem-^-Øns‚kwÿm-]-\-Øn¬A√m-lp-hn\v\µn]

d-bp-I,Xß-fpsS]gbNcn-XsØho≠pwHm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp

-I.kw`-h-ßƒ\S-°p-∂-Xn\paptºA√mlpF\n°v

ImWn-®p-X-∂n- p≈kz]v\-ß-sfbpwZ¿i-\-ß-sfbpwFSp-

Øp-]-d-bp-I.Ahsb]q¿Ønbm°ns°m≠vAhs‚A\p-

K-l-ßƒCt∏mgpwJnem- -Øp-ambn_‘-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p

F∂-h≥sXfnbn-®ncn°p∂p.(A¬^-Zv¬,1957,sabv1)

Ime-Øns‚ Jeo^-tbm-Sp≈

kvt\lhpw A\p-k-c-W-hpw

\ΩpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw

Jnem-^-Øn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘hpw AXn-t\m-Sp≈ Iqdpw

kvt\lhpwF∂p]d-bp-∂Xv,Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^-bpsS

F√mIev]-\-I-fpwbYm-k-abw]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-I-bpw

At±lØns‚F√mhnfn°pwDØcw\evIpIbpwAt±-

l-Øns‚Ime-Sn-Isf]n¥p-S-cp-IbpwsNøp-IF∂-Xm-Wv.

CussZhnIkwhn-[m-\sØ\ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-sc,AXn¬\n

∂vAI-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-sc,AXns‚A\p-k-c-W-Øn¬\n

∂v]pdØpIS-°p-∂-hschnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥^mknJv([n

°m-cn-Iƒ)F∂mWv]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.Xn-cp\_n-(-k)]d

bp∂p:"Ime-Øns‚Cam-an¬_bv-AØvsNømsXac-W-

s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ Pmln-en-ø-Øns‚ ac-W-amWv hcn-°p-∂-Xv.''

(apkvenw,InXm-_p¬Cam-d-Øv)

Jeo-^-bn¬_bv-AØvsNbvX-hy‡nAt±-l-Øns‚

Iev]-\-I-sfbpwD]-tZ-i-ß-sfbpwicn-bmb\ne-bn¬]n

¥p-Scp∂n-s√-¶n¬Abm-ƒ_bv-A-ØvsN-ømØhy‡n

sbtbm \ntj-[n-sbtbm t]mse-bm-bn-cn-°pw. F∂v am

X-a√,Ahsc°mfpwhenblX-`m-Ky\pwin£-m¿l\p

ambncn°pw.

Jnem-^-Øn-eqsS Xs∂-bmWv Pam-AØv hyh-ÿnXn

kpkw-LSn-am-Ip-∂-Xv. ImcWw, Pam-AØv hyh-ÿnXn

Jeo-^-bm¬kwhn-[m\wsNtø-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.AXvNpa-X-

e-s∏-Sp-ØnbtPmen-IsfFfp-∏-Øn¬\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-

\m-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.]kvXpXkwhn-[m-\-sØ]q¿W-ambpw

A\p-k-cn-t°≠XpwAXp-ambnH´n-t®¿∂p\nevt°≠Xpw



A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂p.AXn¬\n∂pwA-I∂p\n∂p-sIm≠v

A\p-k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpwIqdn-s‚bpwAh-ImihmZwD∂-bn-

°p-∂Xv]mgvthe-bm-Wv.AXvA√m-lp-hns‚ZrjvSn-bn¬

kzoIm-cy-a√.adn®v,[n°m-c-Øns‚HcpIÆn-bm-Ip-∂p.

Jeo-^-bpsShm°p-Iƒ ihn-°p-IbpwAt±-l-Øns‚

D]-tZ-i-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°mbnF∂pwImtXm¿ØpsIm≠ncn

°p-Ibpw sN-øp-I-bm-Wv A\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ ]Y-a-ti-

Wn-bn¬ Hcp hnizmkn sNtø-≠Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥

hnizm-kn-I-fpsSPam-A-Øns‚e£Ww

F∂

hm°m-emWv]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.Ah¿Ft∏mgpw\∑-

bpsS Imcy-ßsf i≤-tbmsS tIƒ°p-Ibpw a\-Ên-em

-°p-IbpwHm¿a-bn¬kq£n-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂p.]n∂oSvAXn

s\ lrZ-bm-fl\m ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p--∂p. \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ

F¥msW∂-dn-bm-Ø-h≥F¥v]h¿Øn-°m\mWv?lYo-

kn¬hcp-∂p,Xncp\_n(-k)]d-™p:

(Xn¿an-Zn,InXm-_p¬Cuam≥,InXm-_p¬AJZv-_n-Êp-∂-Øv)

""AXm-bXvRm≥\nß-tfmSv ssZh-`-‡n-sb-sXm´pw,

tImƒ°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xns\

sXm´pw-hkn-øØvsNøp-∂p.''

\n¿tZ-i-ßƒi≤n®ptIƒ°p-IbpwAXp]mh¿Øn-

I-am-°p-IbpwsNøpIF∂XmWvkq£vaXssIh-cn-°p-

∂-Xn-\p≈henbc≠pL´-ßƒ.as‰mcpcnhm-b-Øn¬

h-cp-∂p,Xncp\_n(-k)]d-™p:

.

(_p-JmcnInXm-_p¬Al-vImw)

AXm-bXvtIƒ°pI,A\p-k-cn-°p-I.

lZvdØvA\-kv_n≥amen-Iv(-d)\nth-Z\wsNøp-∂p,Xncp

\_n(-k)]d-™p.""DW-°-ap-¥n-cn-tbmfwt]m∂sNdnb



Xe-bp≈Idp-Ø-h¿K-°m-c-\mbHcpASn-asb\nß-fpsS

t\Xm-hmbn \nb-an-°-s∏-´mepw \nßƒ tIƒ°p-Ibpw

A\p-k-cn°p-IbpwsNøp-I.''(k-lolv_pJm-cn,InXm-_p

¬AlvImw)

lZvdØvC_v\pDa¿(-d)\nth-Z\wsNøp-∂p,Xncp\_n(k)

C]-Imcw]d-bp-∂-XmbnRm≥tIƒ°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.""A

√m-lp-hns‚A\p-k-c-W-Øn¬\n∂pwhn´p\n-∂-h≥(Jn-bm-

aØv\mfn¬)Xs‚Iøn¬sXfnhpItfmHgnIgnhpItfm

C√mØAh-ÿ-bn¬A√m-lp-hp-ambnI≠p-ap- p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Ime-Øns‚Cam-ans\_bv-AØvsNømsXacn-°p-∂h≥

A⁄-X-bpsSbpwhgntISnt‚bpwac-W-amWvhcn-°p-∂-

Xv.''(k-lolvapkvenw,InXm_v_m_vhPq_vapem-kn-a

XvPam-AØp¬apkvenan≥)as‰mcplZo-Yn¬lZvdØv

A_q-lp-ssd-d(-d) \nth-Z\w sNøp-∂p, Xncp\_n(-k) ]

d™p:""]bm-kØnepwkar-≤n-bn-epw,kt¥m-j-Ønepw

k¥m-]-Ønepw,Ah-Imiw\ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmgpwIqSp-

X¬]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmgpwF√mAh-ÿ-I-fnepwA[n-

Im-cn-bpsSIev]-\-IƒtIƒ°p-IbpwA\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠Xv\nßƒ°v\n¿_-‘-am-Ip-∂p.'' (k-lolvap-

kvenw,InXm-_p¿Cam-d-Øv)

lZvdØvD_m-Z-_n≥heoZvAt±-lØns‚]nXm-a-l\n

¬\n∂pw]nXmhv\nth-Z\wsNøp-∂-XmbnC]-Imcw]

d-™p;""kpJ-ØnepwZpxJ-Ønepwk¥m-]m-h-ÿ-bnepw

kt¥mjthf-I-fnepw, RßfpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ ]cn-K-

Wn-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cp-∂mepwRßƒt\Xr-Xz-tØmSvX¿°n-

°p-I-bns√∂-Xn-s‚bpw, tIƒ°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-I

bpwsNøp-sa∂-Xns‚-bpwASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬RßƒXncp

\_n(-k)-sb_bv-AØvsNøpI-bp-≠mbn.Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-

∂mepwRßƒkXyw]d-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.A√m-lp-hns‚am¿

K-Øn¬iIm-cn-°p-∂-h-cpsSiIm-csØRßƒ`b-s∏-



Sp-∂-X-√.''(k-lolvapkvenw,InXm-_p¬Cam-d-Xv_m_v

hPq_nXzmA-Øn¬Da-dmC oKbvdnaAv-kn-ø-Øn≥h

Xlvco-anlm^n¬aAv-kn-øØn).

Hcp lZo-Yn¬ hcp-∂p. lZvdØv A_vZp-√mlv \nth-Z

\wsNøp∂p.Xncp\_n(-k)]d™p:""tIƒ°p-IbpwA\p

-k-cn-°p-IbpwsNtø-≠XvHmtcmapkvenan-s‚bpwIS-a-bm-

Ip-∂p.AXvAh\vCjvS-s∏-´m-epwCs√-¶nepw.B⁄m-

\-ew-L-\-Øns‚ Iev]\ \evIn-bm-sem-gnsI. B⁄m-

ew-L-\-Øn-\p≈Iev]\\evIp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬A\p-k-cn-

t°-≠-Xn-√.''(k-lolv_pJm-cn,InXm-_p¬AlvImw)

lZvdØvA_q-lp-ssd-d(-d)\nth-Z\wsNøp-∂p.Xncp\

_n(k)]d™p:""Fs∂A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h≥A√m-lp-hns\

A\pk-cn-®p.Ft∂mSvA\p-k-c-W-t°SvImWn-°p-∂-h≥

A√m-lp-hnt\mSpwA\p-k-c-W-t°SvImWn--®p.Fs‚A

ao-dns\A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h≥Fs∂A\p-k-cn®p.Fs‚

Aao-dn-t\mSvA\p-k-c-W-t°SvImWn-°p-∂-h≥Ft∂mSv

A\p-k-c-W-t°SvImWn--®p.''(k-lolvapkvenw,InXm-_p¬

Cam-d-Øv)

Npcp-°-Øn¬,HcpkXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsShyXncn-‡-X,A

h≥\_n-bpsSAs√-¶n¬At±-l-Øns‚Jeo-^-am-cpsS

\n¿tZißƒtIƒ°p-Ibpw]n∂oSvAXvA\p-k-cn-°p-∂-

Xn\pw ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ambn]cn-i-an-°pIbpw

sNøp∂pF∂-Xm-Wv.

Jnem-^-Øn-t\mSpw Pam-AØv kwhn-[m-\-tØmSpap≈

A\p-k-c-Whpw\ΩpsSDØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpwF∂Xvkw_-

‘-ambnJeo-^-am-cpsSNne\n¿tZ-i-ßƒXmsgka¿∏n-

°p-I-bm-Wv.AXn-eqsSCuhnjbkw_-‘-ambn[mcmfw

hkvXp-X-Iƒa\-Ên-em-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.h_n-√m-ln-Xu-^oJv.

lZvdØvJeo-^-Øp¬akolvkm\n(-d)]d-bp-∂p: ""ap-

kvenwIsf]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbnA√mlpXs‚



Imcp-Wy-Øm¬ Ct∏mƒ lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A)

aptJ\AlvaZnøPam-A-Øn¬Jnem-^Øv]p\-xÿm-]n

-®n-cn-°p-∂p.AXn-\m¬Rm≥Fs‚Pam-A-Øw-K-ß-tfmSv

]d-bp∂p;\nßƒFt∏mgpwkzbwXßsfJnem-^-Øp-

ambn_‘-s∏-SpØn\ndp-Øp-IbpwJnem- -Øns‚\ne-\n

ev∏n-\mbnXymK-ßƒsNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-IbpwsNøp-I.

CXmWv\nß-fpsSDØ-c-hm-ZnXzw.\nßƒAßs\sN

øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬\nß-fn¬Jnem-^ØvF∂pw\ne-\nev

°p-∂-Xm-Wv.\nßƒBK-ln-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬\nß-fpsS

Ic-ß-fn¬\¬I-s∏´CuJnem- -Øns\\nß-ƒ°v\ne

-\n-dp-Øm-am-bn-cp∂pF∂v]d-bp-hm-\m-bn-´m-WvA√mlp

Cu Jnem-^-Øns\ \nß-fpsS Icßfn¬ Gev∏n-®n-cn-

°p∂Xv. A√mlp C—n-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ AXv shfn-]m-Sn-

eqsS\ne-\n¿Øm-am-bn-cp-∂p.F∂m¬Ah≥A]-Imcw

sNbvXn-√.adn-®v,\nßƒJnem-^-Øns\\ne-\n¿Øm≥

BK-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬Rm\pwAXns\\ne-\n¿Øp-∂-

Xm-sW-∂mWvAh≥]d-™-Xv.AXm-bX,v\nßƒJnem-

^Øv BK-ln-°p-∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂v \nß-fpsS

hmb-sIm≠vXs∂]d-bn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv.C\n\nßƒhmb-

S-®p-sh-°p-I-tbm,As√-¶n¬Jnem- ØvXnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬

tbmKyXsb]cn-K-Wn-°m-Xn-cp-∂mtem\nßƒCuA\p-K-

lsØ\jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.apkvenwI-fpsSA[-x]-X-

\-Øn-\p≈Imc-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®vNn¥n-°p-I.ac-W-Øn\v

Cc-bm-Ip-∂-Xn¬\n∂vkzbwc£n-s∏SpI.\nßƒ[nj-

Wm-im-en-I-fmbn amtd-≠-XmWv. \nß-fpsS ss[cysØ

h¿≤n∏nt°≠-Xm-Wv.\Zn-bpsSHgp-°ns‚Zniam‰p∂]m

d-°√mbn\nßƒamd-cpXv.adn-®v,sh≈sØFfp-∏-Øn¬

IS-Øn-hn-Sp∂I\m-embn\nßƒamdp-I.Xncp\_n-(-k)

aptJ\ Ic-ÿ-amb ssZhnI A\p-K-l-ßsf apt∂m´v

sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂HcphoYn-bmbn\nßƒamdpI.\nßƒ



A]-Imcw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn¬ hnP-bn-I-fm-Ip-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬Hcn-°epwacn-°mØkap-Zm-b-ambn\nßƒamdp-∂-

Xm-Wv.C\n\nßƒssZhnIA\p-K-l-ß-fpsS]mX-bnse

XS-Ê-am-bn-am-dp-∂p-sh-¶n¬,AXns‚]mXbn¬]md-bmbn

\nev°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬AXv\nß-fpsSkap-Zm-b-Øns‚\m

i-Øns‚kab-am-bn-cn-°pw.]n∂oSvHcn-°epw\nß-ƒ°v

BbpÊp≠m-Ip-∂-X-√. ap≥kap-Zm-b-ßƒ\in-®-Xp-t]m

se\nßfpw\in-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.'' (X-^vko¿kqd: \a¬,

X^vko¿I_o¿hm.7,]p:429,430)

""A√m-lp-hns‚dkq-ens‚hnfn\nß-fpsSImXp-I-fn¬

]Xn®DS≥AXn\vDØcw\epIpIbpwAXns\ ]m

h¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\mbnhyK-X-Im-Wn-°pIbpwsNøpI

\nß-fpsSIS-abmWv.AXn-emWv\nß-fpsShnP-b-Øns‚

clkywAS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.\nßƒ\a-kvI-cn-®p -sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬Xs∂\a-kvImcw\ndpØnA√m-

lp-hns‚ZqXs‚hnfn°pØcw\evIpIF∂-XmWv\n

ßƒ°v\n¿_-‘-am-bn-´p-≈Xv.CtXIev]\Xs∂-bmWv

Xs‚]Z-hn-°-\p-k-cn®vdkq-ens‚Jeo-^°pwA\p-tbm-

Py-am-Ip-∂-Xv. At±lw hnfn-°p-tºmgpw DØcw \¬In-

s°m≠pk∂n-ln-X-cm-tI-≠XmWv.''(]- m-jWwa≥-ks_

Jnem-^-Øv, \nkmsa Jnem-^Øv Io _¿IØv Hu¿

lamcnknΩ-Zm-cnbmw)

""hyh-ÿm-]n-X-am-bPam-AØn\vNne-D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß

ƒh∂ptNcp-∂p.Ah\ndth-‰m-sX-Ah-cpsS]h¿Ø\

ßƒHcn-°epw^e-hØm-In-√. ]kvXpX\n_-‘-\-I

-fnepwDØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fnepws]´Hcpkp]-[m\Imcy

sas¥-∂m¬,HcpCam-ans‚Iøn¬_bv-AØvsNbvXn-

cn-°p∂Xn-\m¬ Camw F¥p ]d-bp∂p F∂Xnte°v

Ft∏mgpw i≤n-®p- sIm-t≠-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.F√m ]

h¿Ø-\hpwCamans\]n≥Xp-S¿∂psIm-≠mbncn-t°-≠Xm-



Wv.Cam-wXs‚ÿm\-Øp-\n-∂v-Iev]\\evIptºmƒ

A\p-bm-bn-IƒAh-cpsSÿm\-Øp-\n∂vAX\p-k-cn-°p-

IbpwthWw.''(A¬^-Zv¬,1937,Pq¨5\nkmsaJnem-

^ØvIo_¿IXvHu¿lamcnknΩ-Zm-cnbmw)

""Jnem-^ØvssZhnI]miam-sW-∂p-≈Xv\√-t]mse

Hm¿Øp-sIm-≈p-I.Cu]misØapdpsI]nSn-®p-sIm≠v\n

ßƒ°vhnPbwssIh-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.AXns\ssIhn-

Sp-∂-h¿\in°p-∂-Xm-Wv.''(Z¿kp¬Jp¿-B≥t]Pv67˛84,

JmZn-bm≥]kn-≤o-I-cWw\hw-_¿1912)

""Jnem-^ØvCkvemans‚Hcpkp]-[m\LS-I-am-sW-

∂pwAXns\[n°-cn-°p-∂-h¿Ckveman-s\-bmWv[n°-cn-

°p-∂XvF∂p-am-Wv\ΩpsShnizmkw.\ΩpsSCuA`n-]m

bwhmkvX-am-sW-¶n¬Cuhnizm-ksØAwKo-I-cn-°p-

∂-h¿°v

F∂Iev]\hfsc]m[m

\ya¿ln-°p-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p.ImcWw,Jnem- -Øns‚e£yw

Xs∂ apkvenwI-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw Nn¥-I-fnepw

GtIm-]\ap≠m-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. Jeo-^-bpsS \n¿tZ-

i-ßsf]q¿W-ambpw]mh¿Øn-I-am°ptºm-gmWvJnem-

^ØvaptJ\]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepwNn¥-I-fnepap≈GtIm-

]\w km[yam-hp-I-bp-≈p. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Cam-ans‚

dpIq-Ct\m-sSm∏wdpIqDw,Jnbm-an-s\m∏wJnbmapw,kp-

Pq-Zn-s\m∏wkpPqZpwsNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xpt]mseIme-Øns‚

Jeo-^-bpsS\n¿tZ-i-a-\p-k-cn®vapgp-h≥Pam-AØpw\o

tß-≠-Xm-Wv.Jeo-^-bpsSIev]-\sbadn-IS-°m≥ian-

°-cp-Xv.\a-kvIm-c-ØnseCamw]n≥]-‰p-∂-GXm\pwt]-

cpsSamXwCam-am-Wv.Ahsckw_-‘n®vXncp\_n(-k)

]d-bp-∂-Xvt\m°pI.CamwdpIq-CtemkpPq-Zntemt]m

Ip-∂-Xn-\papºvdpIqDwkpPqZpwsNøp-∂-h¿,As√-¶n¬

Cam-an\vapºmbnXeDb¿Øp∂-h¿Ip‰-°m-cm-bn-cn-°pw.

F∂n-cns°,apgp-h≥kap-Zm-b-Øns‚bpwC-am-amb,F√m



-hcmepw_bv-AØvsNøs∏´hy‡n,A\p-k-cn-°s∏tS-

≠XvFX-tØmfwA\nhm-cy-am-bn- mWvIcp-tX-≠Xv.AtX

-t]mse\nß-sf√mhcpwXs∂Cam-ans‚B⁄m-\p-h¿

Øn-I-fmbnamdpI.At±-l-Øns‚\n¿t±i--ß-fn¬\n∂v

Aev]w t]mepw hyXn-N-en-°-cp-Xv. At±lw Iev]n-°p-

tºmƒapt∂m´vKan-°p-I.At±lwIev]n-°p-tºmƒ\nev

°p-I.At±lwIev]n°p∂ mK-tØ°v\oßp-IbpwA

t±lwIev]n-°p∂nSØp-\n∂vamdnt∏m-Ip-IbpwsNøp-I.''

(A≥hm-dp¬Deqw,hmfyw14,]p:515˛516)

]d-bp-∂p.""hr£-tØmSvtN¿∂p\nevIp∂inJncwamX-

ta ewXcp-I-bp≈p.shń-am-‰-s∏-Sp∂inJn-c-Øn\v ew

\evIm≥km[n-°p-Ibn√F∂Xpt]msekzbw-Cam-

ap-ambn_‘-s∏-SpØn\n¿Øp-∂-h¿°vamXtaPam-A-

Øn\vD]-Imc]Z-ambImcy-ßƒsNøm≥km[n-°p-I-bp-

≈p.Hcphy‡nCam-ap-ambnkzbw_‘-s∏Sp\nev°p∂n-

√m-sb-¶n¬, Abmƒ°v ùXn-Iambn- FX Adn-hps≠-

¶nepwicnAbm-sfs°m≠vHcpêhpap≠m-Ip-Ibn√.

AXn-\m¬,\nßƒ°v]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬,

temIØvhnP-bn-bm-I-W-sa-¶n¬\nß-tfmSp≈Fs‚D]-

tZ-ihpwktµ-ihpwCXm-Wv:Jnem- -Øp-ambn_‘-s∏ v

\n¬°p-I.BssZhnI]misØapdpsI]nSn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-I.\ΩpsSF√m]ptcm-K-Xn-IfpwJnem-^-Øp-am-

bp≈_‘-Øn-em-Wp-≈-Xv.''(A¬^Zv¬C‚¿\m-j-W¬,

2003,sabv23˛30,]p:1)

""Jeo^KpcpBIp-∂p.HmtcmPam-A-Øw-Khpwinjy\pw.

Jeo- -bpsS\mhn¬\n∂v]pd-s∏-Sp∂Hmtcmhm°pw]mh

¿Øn-I-am-°msXhn´p-I-f-b-cp-Xv.''(A¬^Zv¬1946am¿ v2)

""A√tbmanX-ßtf!DW-cp-I.kz¥wÿm\sØXncn

®dnbp-I.temIØvas‰m-cn-SØpwXs∂ImWm≥km[y-

a-√mØA\p-k-c-W-Øns‚DZmØamXrIImWn-°p-I.



Ipd™]£w`mhn-bn¬\qdpiX-am-\-amƒ°mcpw]cn

-]q¿WA\p-k-c-W-Øns‚amXrIImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

]cn-i-an-°p-I.A√mlp\nß-fpsSkpc-£-bv°mbn\nb

-an-®n- p≈B]cn-N-bn¬\n∂v\nß-fn¬\n∂m-cp-w]pdØp

IS-°cp-Xv.apl-ΩZvdkq-ep-√m-lv(-k)-bpsSBflmhvkt¥m-

jn-°p∂\ne-bn¬

F-∂-X\pkcn®v]

h¿Øn--°p-I.(A≥hm-Zp¬Deqw,hmfyw14,]p:525)

""Jeo- -bpsS\mhn¬\n∂vHcpIev]\]pd-s∏- pIgn-™m

¬]ns∂\Ωp-tS-XmbF√m]≤-Xn-I-sfbpwBibß-

sfbpw]cn-]m-SnI-sfbpwX≈nIfbpIbpwIme-Øns‚Jeo

-^-bpsS\n¿tZ-i-ßƒDƒsIm-≈p∂]≤-Xn-IfpwBi-

b-ßfpw]cn-]m-Sn-IfpamWv^e-]ZwF∂va\-Ên-em-°p-

IbpwsNøpI.CXmWvJnem-^ØvF∂-ÿm\w-sIm≠v

A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv.CusbmcpBflmhvPam-A-Øn¬DS-se-

Sp-°mØXphscF√mJpXzp_Ifpw\njv^-e-am-Ip-∂p.

F√m]≤-Xn-Ifpwhy¿Y-am-Ip∂p.F√mBkq-X-W-ßfpw

hn^-e-am-Ip-∂p.(Jp-Xzp-_-Pp-apA,1936P\p-hcn24,A¬

^Zv¬31˛1˛1936,]p:9)

""Cam-wAs√-¶n¬Jeo-^-sIm≠p≈XmXv]-cy-an-Xm-Wv;

-hnizm-kn-I-fpsSHmtcmNph-SpwAt±-l-Øns‚A\p-[m-

h-\-Ønembn-cn-°Ww. AhcpsS Xr]vXnbpw C—-Ifpw

At±-l-Øns‚ Xr]vXn°pw C—-Iƒ°pw A\p-KpW-am-

bncn-°Ww.AhcpsSDt±-iy-ßƒAt±-l-Øns‚Dt±iy

ßƒ°vA\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-°Ww.AhcpsS]Xymi-Iƒ

At±-l-Øns‚]Xymi-Iƒ°vkam-\-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.Ah-

cpsS Pohn-tXm-]m-[n-Iƒ At±lØns‚ CwKn-X-Øn-\-

\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn-°Ww.Cusbmcp\ne-hm-c-Øn¬hnizmkn

FØn-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬Ah¿°vhnP-bhpwkm -eyhpw

kp\n-›nXamWv.(A¬^Zv¬1937,sk]vXw-_¿4)

""Hm¿Øv sIm≈p-I... ssZh-\n-tbm-Kn-X-\mb ]Xn-\n-[n-



bpsS \mhn¬\n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ Hmtcm i_vZsØbpw

A\p-k-cn-°p-IbpwA\p-K-an-°p-IbpwsNøpIF∂-Xns‚

t]cmWv Cuam≥ AXm-bXv hnizm-kw.'' (A¬^-Zv¬,

15˛9˛1994, \nkmsa Jnem-^-Øns‚ A\p-K-l-ßfpw \

ΩpsSDØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw]p:45)

""Rm≥akolvauDu-Zv(-A)s\hniz-kn-°p-∂pF∂vHcm

ƒBbncwXhW]d-™p-sIm-≈-s´,Rm≥AlvaZn-ø-

Øn¬hniz-kn-°p∂pF∂vHcmƒBbncwXhW]d-™p

-sIm-≈-s´.F∂m¬C°m-e-L-´-Øn¬A√mlpBcn-eq-

sS-bmtWmCkvemans\\ne-\n¿Øm≥BKln°p∂Xv

At±-l-Øns‚Ic-ß-fn¬kz¥wssIIƒka¿∏n-°m-Øn-

S-tØmfwA√m-lp-hns‚khn-[-Øn¬CuhmZ-ßƒ°vbm

sXmcpaqey-hp-ap-≠m-In-√.GXphscPam-A-ØnseHmtcm

hy‡nbpw`m¥-sc-t]mseAt±-lsØA\p-k-cn-°p-∂n-

√-tbm,GXphscAt±-l-Øns‚A\p-k-c-W-Øn¬Xs‚

Pohn-X-Øns‚ Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Ign-®p-Iq-´p-∂n-√tbm

AXp-hscAbmƒHcpXc-Øn-ep≈tijvTXbv°pwal-

Øz-Øn\pwAh-Im-in-bm-In-√.''(A¬^Zv¬15˛11˛1946)

""Rm≥\_n-bs√∂Xvicn-Xs∂.F∂m¬Rm≥\p_p

-∆-Øns‚Im¬Np-h-´nepwAXns‚ÿm\-Øp-amWv\nev

°p-∂-Xv.Fs‚A\p-k-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v]pd-Øpt]m-Ip-∂-

h¿\n›-b-ambpw\_n-bpsSA\p-k-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v]pd

-Øm-Ip-∂p.Fs∂A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw]n≥]-‰p-IbpwsNøp-

∂-Xn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-k-c-Whpw A\p-[mh-\hpw

AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p.''(A¬^Zv¬4˛9˛1937)

""Jeo-^-bpsSIev]-\sbewLn-°p-∂-h≥A√m-lp-hn-

s‚bpwAhs‚dkq-en-s‚bpwIev]\ewLn-°p∂A]-

cm-[nsbt]mseXs∂-bmWv.AXn\vbmsXm-cp-in-£bpw

icoAØv \n¿W-bn-®n-´n-s√-¶nepw hnizm-knsb kw_-

‘n-®n-S-tØmfw A\p-k-c-W-t°-SpXs∂ hy‡n-]-c-amb



in£-bmWv. Jeo-^-bpsS Iev]\ \nd-th‰nbn√ F∂

t_m[wXs∂Hcpin£-bm-Wv.bYm¿YØn¬in£F∂v

]d-bp-∂XvCXm-Wv.a‰vin£-I-sf√mwkmµ¿`nIam-bn-\

evI-s∏-Sp-∂p. A√m-sX A√m-lp-hn-\m¬ \nb-an-°-s∏´

Pam-A-Øn-t\mSpwJeo-^-tbm-Sp-ap≈A\p-k-c-W-t°-Sn-

t\-°mƒhenbas‰¥vin£-bmWvD≠m-IpI?A√m-lp

-hn-s‚bpwAhs‚dkq-en-s‚bpwA\njvSwXs∂hfsc

henb in£-bm-Ip-∂p. \c-I-in£ F∂-Xns‚ hnh-£-

Xs∂ A√mlphns‚ CjvS-t°-Sm-Ip∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬

Iev]\A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\vin£-sbm∂pw\n¿

W-bn-®n-´n-s√-¶nepwAXpXs∂-bmWvCXn-\p≈in£m-

hn-[n.''(dn-t∏m¿´v,aPvenkvapim-hn-dXv1942]p:25).

""apkvenwIsf ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbnA√mlp

lZvdØvakolvauDu-Zv(-A)aptJ\AlvaZnømPam-A-

Øn¬ Jnem-^Øv ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Rm

s\s‚Pam-A-Øn-t\mSv]d-bp-I-bm-Wv.\nß-fpsStPmen

Fs¥-∂m¬\nßƒFt∏mgpwkzbwXßsfJnem-^-

Øp-ambn_‘n-∏n®v\ndp-Øp-I.Jnem- -Øns‚\ne-\nev

∏n-\mbn XymK-ßƒ sNbvXp-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-I. \nßƒ

A]-Imcw ]h¿Øn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬\nß-fn¬ Jnem-

^ØvF∂pw\ne-\nev°p-∂-Xm-Wv.''(Jn-em-^¯vAem

an≥lm-Pp-∂p-_p-∆-Øv,hmfyw3,]p:478)

lZvdØvJeo- - p¬akolvA¬Jm-ankv(A-ø-Z-lp-√m

-lp-X-Bem)]d-bp∂p;""Jeo-^sbA√m-lp-hmWv\nb-

an-°p-∂Xv.F∂n´v Ah≥ Ah-cpsS `b-ßsf Zqco-I-cn-

°p∂p...Jeo- -amscA√m-lp-hmWv\nb-an-°p-∂Xv.Ah

-\mWvAh-cpsS bsØkam-[-Øn-te°vam‰p-∂-Xv.Ah¿

A√m-lp-hns\amX-amWvBcm-[n-°p-I,A\ym-cm-[-\\S

-ØpIbn-√.]d-bp-∂p.\_nsbHcmfpwhniz-kn-®n´n-s√-¶n

epw \_nbpsS \p_p-∆-Øn\v Hcp tIm´hpap≠m-In√.



At±lw\_nXs∂Bbn-cn-°p-Ibpw.AtXt]m-se-Xs∂-

bm-bn-cn°pwJeo-^-bpsSbpwÿnXn.At±-lsØF√m-

hcpwDt]-£n-®mepwAt±lwJeo-^-X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.

ImcWw,\_n-°p≈hn[nXs∂-bmWv\_nsb]n¥p-S-

cp∂Jeo- -°p-ap-≈-Xv.Hm¿Øp-sIm-≈pI,tIhew c-W-

Øn-\vth≠namXwJeo-^-bm-Ip-∂-bmƒhymP-\m-Ip-∂p.

]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\mbnssZh-Øn¬\n∂m-bn-s°m≠v]

cn-i-an-°p-I-bmsW¶n¬apgp-h≥temIhpwAt±-l-Øns‚

iXp-°-fm-sW-¶nepwAt±lwssZh-Øns‚CjvSZmk-

\m-bnamdp∂p.(a≥ks_Jnem^Øv,A≥hm-Zp¬Deqw.

hm.2, t]Pv 53,54)(-Jp-Xzp-_msX akvdq¿ hmfyw 2, t]Pv

201,202,JmZn-bm≥]kn-≤o-I-cWw2005)

""\nß-fpsSISaF¥m-sW-∂m¬,A√m-lp-hns‚Cu

al-ØmbA\p-K-lsØhne-a-Xn-°p-I,AXn\vA√m-lp-

hn\v\µn]d-bp-I,Ime-Øns‚Jeo- -tbmSpw,Pam-AØv

kwhn-[m-\-tØmSpw Hcn-°epw A‰p-t]m-ImØ kvt\l-

Øns‚bpwA\p-k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw_‘wImØp-kq-£n-

°pI.CXm-bn-cn-°Ww\nß-fpsShyXn-cn-‡-X.A√mlp

\nßsf \∑-bnepw, `b-`-‡n-bn-epw, Bflm¿XY-bnepw

A\p-k-c-W-ØnepwD∂-X-amXrI-fm-°n-am-‰-s´...-\nßƒ

`b-`-‡n-bn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Ime-Øns‚

Jeo-^-tbmSv\nßƒ°vkvt\l-Øns‚bpwIqdn-s‚bpw

_‘w\ne-\nev°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬,Pam-AØvkwhn-[m-\-

tØmSpwAlvaZnøJnem-^-Øn-t\m-Spw-A-\p-k-c-Wbpw

BZ-chpw\nß-fpsSlrZ-b-ß-fn¬IpSnsIm-≠n- p-s≠-¶n¬

hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ A√m-lp -hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Zmk¿°v

hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-´p≈ imiz-X-amb A\p-K-l-ß-ƒ°v

\nßƒFt∏mgpwAh-Im-in-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWvF∂v

Rm≥ \nßƒ°v Dd∏p \evIp∂p. AXns‚ A\p-K-l-

Øm¬\nß-fpsS Zo\pw Zp\n-bmhpwicn-bm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.



\nßƒ°vkam-[m-\hpwIc-ÿ-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.AXns‚

A\p-K-l-Øm¬\nß-fpsS b-ßsfA√mlpFt∏mgpw

kam-[m-\-Øn-te°vam‰n-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.F∂m¬,

AXn\p≈\n_-‘\Bcm-[-\bpwkXvI¿a-ßfpw\ne-

\n-dp-ØpIbm-Ip∂p.AXvFt∏mgpwap∂n¬hbvt°≠-Xm-

Wv.Ime-Øns‚Jeo- -bpsShnfn-°p-Øcw\¬Ip-∂-Xn-\m

bnFt∏mgpwk∂-≤-cm-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬hnP-bßƒ

\nßsf]p¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.CutemI-sØbpw]c-tem-I-sØ

bpwhnP-b-ß-fm¬\nßsfA\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv,

C≥im-A-√m-lv.A√mlp\nßƒ°vFs‚CuD]-tZ-i-

ßsf]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈Xu^oJv\evI-s´.\n

ßƒ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Cu ]pWy-`q-an-tbm-Sp≈ IS-a-Iƒ

bYm-hn[w\nd-th-‰p-∂-h-cm-I-s´.Bao≥.''(cn-kmeA≥

km-dp-√mlvJmZn-bm≥)(-Jn-em-^ØvAlvaZnøkZvkmem

Pq_nen]Xn∏v2008,]p:29)

""Hm¿Øp-sIm-≈p-I...A√m-lp-hn\pth≠nJnem-^-Øn

s\kvt\ln°p∂pF∂hmZw\nßƒ°ps≠-¶n¬Jnem-

^Øvkwhn-[m-\-Øns‚`mK-ambPam-AØvkwhn-[m-\-

tØmSpw ]cn-]q¿W A\p-k-cWw ]pe¿tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.''

(A¬^-Zv¬C‚¿\m-j-W¬15˛7˛2005)

""Pam-AØvkwhn-[m-\-sØ-bpw mc-hm-ln-I-sfbpwA\p-k-

cn-°p-∂-Xn-emWvA√m-lp-hns‚bpwdkq-en-s‚bpwA\pk-c

-WwIpSn-sIm-≈p-∂Xv.Ah-cpsSIev]-\-IsfbpwXocp-am

-\-ßsfbpwAwKo-I-cn-°p-I.Ah-cpsSXocp-am\wsX‰m-sW-

¶n¬A√mlp\nßƒ°vkl-\-Øns‚]Xn- ew\¬Ip-∂-

Xm-Wv.ImcWw\nßƒA¥y-\m-fn¬hniz-kn-°p-∂p-sh

-¶n¬Imcy-ßƒA√m-lp-hn-\vhn-t -°p-I.\nß-fpsSGsX-

¶nepwImcy-Øn-ep≈hntbm-Pn-∏n¬imTyw]nSn-°m≥\nß

ƒ°vA[n-Im-c-an-√.\nß-fpsStPmenA\p-k-cWwH∂p

amX-am-Ip-∂p.''(Jp-Xzp_msXakvdq¿hm.1,]p:258,266)



""Ct∏mƒ Xncp\_n-(-k)-bpsS kXy-Zm-ks‚ Zmk-Xz-hpw

Jnem- -Øns‚A\p-k-c-WhpwamX-amWvA√m-lp-hns‚

A\p-K-l-ßsfBI¿jn°p∂-Xn-\p≈Htc-sbmcpam¿Kw.

A√mlpF√mAlvaZn-Iƒ°pwAXpa\-Ên-em-°m-\p≈

XuôJv\evI-s´...AXn-ioLwtemIØvXncp\_n(k)

bpsS ]Xm-Isb \mńs°m≠v temIØv Ckvem-ans‚

ta[m-hnXzwÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbnCuBflm¿Y-X-bp-sSbpw

hniz-kvX-X-bpsS-bpwA\p-k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw_‘sØ

Duń-bp-d-∏n®psImt≠bncn°p-I.''(A¬^Zv¬C‚¿\m-

j-W¬,2015Pq¨12-˛18,]p:10)

""kzbwXßsflZvdØvakolvauDu-Zv(-A)-ambn_‘n-

∏n-®-Xn\ptijwG‰hpwA\n-hm-cy-am-bn-´p-≈Xv,Jnem-^-

Øn-t\m-Sp-≈-]-cn-]q¿Whnt[-bXzwBIp-∂p.CXmWvPam-

A-Øns‚kpZr-V-X-bv°pw,Bflobhf¿®bv°pwImc

-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv.Ime-Øns‚Jeo- -bpsSHmtcmXocp-

am-\-hpwkk-t¥mjwkzoI-cn-°p-∂-h-cpw,lrZ-b-Øn¬

bmsXm-cp-hn[ XS-Êhpw tXm∂m-Ø-hcpw, GsX-¶nepw

ImcywtIƒ°p-tºmƒhnΩn´wtXm∂m-Ø-hcpwBIp∂

Xc-Øn¬Jnem-^-Øns‚Xncn-®-dnhpwAXn-s\-Ip-dn-®p≈

icn-bmbAdnhpw⁄m\hpwPam-A-Øn¬kwPm-X-am-

tI-≠-Xm-Wv.Ime-Øns‚Jeo- sbGsXm-c-h-ÿ-bnepw

A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw,kwhn-[m-\sØ]n≥]-‰p-∂-Xn\pw

Hcp khn-ti-j-X-bp-≠v. Cu khn-ti-jX F√m-h-cnepw

hy‡-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.''(Pp-apAxJpXzp_31˛1˛2014)

""Pam-A-ØnseHmtcmAwK-hpw]cn-]q¿W-ambnA\p-

k-cWw]pe¿tØ-≠XvA\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂p.F√m-hcpw]

cn]q¿WA\p-k-cWw]pe¿Øp-tºmƒC≥im-A-√mlv

BflobD∂-Xn-I-fn-te-°p-≈\ΩpsSNphSpIƒapt∂-

dp-∂-XmWv.''(Jp-Xzp_PpapAx06-˛06˛2014)

""lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]Imiw P\n-°p-∂pt≠m, A\p-k-c-W-



Øm¬Bflm-hn¬B\-µ-hpwshfn-®hpwD≠m-Ip-∂pt≠m

F∂p-≈-XmWv Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Xß-fpsS A\p-k-c-

WsØ Af-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \ne-hmcw. HmtcmcpØcpw

kzbwCXn¬hnNn¥\w\S-Øp-tºmƒXß-fpsSA\p-

k-c-W-Øns‚\ne-hmcwFX-tØm-f-ap-≠v,FX-tØmfw

Ah¿A√m-lp-hns\A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p-≠v,FX-tØmfw

Ah¿dkq-ens\A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p-≠v,akolvauDuZn(A)\m

¬ÿm]n-X-ambJnem- Øvkwhn-[m-\sØFX-tØmfw

A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p≠vF∂va\-Ên-em-°m≥km[n-°p-∂-Xm-

Wv.A√m-lp-hn-s\bpwAhs‚dkq-en-s\bpwA\p-k-cn-®-

Xn-\p-tijwbmsXmcp]Im-ihpwe`n-°p-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬,

AXpsIm≠v bmsXmcp ]tbm-P-\hpan√. Ime-Øns‚

`c-W-Iq-SsØA\p-k-cn-°p-tºmƒim¥nbpwkam-[m-\

hpwD≠m-Ip-∂p.F∂m¬,Bflobshfn-®hpwB\-µhpw

Bflobkwhn-[m-\sØA\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬amX-am-Wp-

≈-Xv.(Jp-Xzp_PpapAx5˛9˛2014)

""Aao-dp-amcpw ]kn-U‚p-am-cpw, `mc-hm-ln-Ifpw,imJm-

kw-L-S-\-IfpsS mc-hm-ln-I-fpw,Ah¿Ime-Øns‚Jeo

-^-bm¬\nb-an-°-s∏´kwL-S\mkwhn-[m-\-Øns‚Hcp

`mK-am-sW∂hkvXpXHm¿Øn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.B\ne

-bn¬Ah¿Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^-bpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-Ip-

∂p.AXn-\m¬Xß-fpsS tPmen-IfpwIS-a-Ifpw\n¿h-

ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Nn¥-Iƒ Ime-Øns‚ Jeo-^-bpsS

Nn¥-Iƒ°-[o-\-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. tIµ-Øn¬\n∂v e`n-°p

∂\n¿tZ-i-ß-fm-bn-cn-°Ww]mh¿Øn-I-am-t°-≠-Xv.A

ßs\sNøp-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬kz¥w]Z-hn-bpsS_m[yX

\nd-th-‰p-∂-h-cm-In-√. AXns‚ \ymb-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ

Ah¿]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-h-cm-In-√.''(Jp-Xzp-_msXakvdq¿,

hmfyw2,]p:951)

lpkq¿Xncp-a-\Êviqdm]Xn-\n-[n-I-sfbpwa‰vPoh-\-



°m-scbpw Ime-Øns‚ Jeo-^sb A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xn-

te°vi≤-Xncn®vsIm≠v]d-bp∂p:

""iqd-bpsSXocp-am-\-ßsf]mh¿Øn-I-am-t°-≠Xviqdm

]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sSbpw `mc-hm-ln-I-fp-sSbpw tPmen-bm-Ip

-∂p.CuXocp-am-\-ßƒIme-Øns‚Jeo-^-bm¬AwKo-

I-cn-°-s∏-´hbmbXn-\m¬AXp ]mh¿Øn-I-am--°p-∂-Xn-

te°v]q¿W-i≤\evIp-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬Ah-¿A-dn-bmsX

ImeØns‚ Jeo-^-bpsS Xocp-am-\-ßsf \nÊm-c-ambn

ImWp-∂-h-cmbnamdp-∂-Xm-Wv.AXns‚A¿Yw,A\p-k-

cWhrØ-Øn-\p-≈n-e√\ne-sIm-≈p-∂XvF∂m-Wv.F

∂m¬,B-cn-emtWmDØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒG¬]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂XvAh¿A\p-k-c-W-Øns‚D∂X\ne-hm-c-amWv

ImWn-t°-≠-Xv.AXpa‰p-≈-h¿°vA\p-I-cWtbmKyhpw

amXr-Ibpw Bbn-cn-°-Ww. AXn-\m¬ tkh-\-Øn-\mbn

e`n-®n-cn-°p∂CuAh-k-csØtIhewBZ-c-hn-s‚bpw

kt¥m-j-Øn-s‚bpw ÿm\-am-bn -amXw KWn-°m-Xn-cn

-°pI.CtXm-sSm∏w b- ‡nbpsSD∂X\ne-hmcwkwPm

-X-am-Ip-tºm-gmWvCXvBZ-c-hn-s‚bpwkt¥m-j-Øn-s‚

bpwImcy-am-Ip-∂-Xv.At∏mgmWvCXvBZ-c-hn-s‚bpwk

t¥m-j-Øn-s‚bpw]Z-hn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv.A√mlpF√m-h-¿°pw

`b-`‡nbpsS am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS Nen-∏n-®p -sIm≠v Xß-

fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßsf \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn-\p≈ XuôJv

\evIp-am-dm-I-s´.Pam-A-Øn\vtkh\wsNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈

Ah-kcwe`n-°p-∂-h¿°vIme-Øns‚Jeo- -bpsSklm-

bn-Ifm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ XuôJv \evIp-am-dm-I-s´.''

(Jp-Xzp-_msXakvdq¿hmfyw4,]p:165˛166,JmZn-bm≥]

kn-≤o-I-cWw2015)-

Jnem-^Øv kwhn-[m-\sØ ]cn-]q¿W-ambpw A\p-k-

cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbniqdmkwhn-[m-\-Øns‚]tbm-P-\sØ

kw_-‘n®vPam-A-Øw-K-ßƒa\-Ên-em-°n-bn-cn-t°-≠Xv



A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂p.At∏mƒamXtaaPvenkviqdm-bn¬

Pam-A-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-°mbn Xß-fpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-

IƒaptJ\Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^-bpsSk∂n-[n-bn-te°v

Ab-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ F√m \ne-bnepw Pam-A-Øn\v

A\p-tbm-Pyhpw^e-]-ZhpwBbn-cn-°p-I-bp-≈p.]n∂oSv

B]≤-Xn-IƒA\p-k-cn®v]h¿Øn°p∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv

Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^sb]q¿W-ambpwA\p-k-cn-°p-∂h-

cmbnamdpI.CXvkw_-‘-ambnlpkq¿Xncp-a-\Êviqdm

AwK-ßƒ°vXß-fpsSÿm\wa\-Ên-em-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw

Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^sbA\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpwkw_-

‘n®vD]-tZ-in-®p-sIm≠v]d-bp-∂p:

""Pam-A-Øns‚Imcy-ßƒ°mbnIme-Øns‚Jeo-^

Pam-AØvkwhn-[m-\waptJ\ip]m¿i\evIm≥hnfn-

°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXns\ FX-tØmfw Kuc-h-ambn

FSp-t°-≠Xm-sW∂v t\m°p-I. A`n-]mbw ]d-bp-∂-

Xn-\mbnaPvenkviqdm-tNcp-tºmƒAwK-ß-fn¬`mcn®

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-amWvGev∏n°-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.AhscHcp

]hnX-ambÿm]-\Øns‚AwK-ß-fm-°p-I-bmWv.Imc

Ww,Jnem-^Øvkwhn-[m-\-Øn-\ptijwPam-A-Øn¬

G‰hpw]m[m-\y-ap≈]cn-ip-≤-ambc≠m-asØhIp∏v

iqdmbm-Ip-∂p.Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^-bmWv\nßsfhnfn-

°p-∂-Xv.A√m-lp-hns‚A[ym-]-\-ßsftemIØv]N-

cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw Pam-A-Øw-K-ß-fpsS in£W kw_

-‘-ambn´p≈Xpw a‰p ]iv\-ßƒ°pw]cn-lmcwImWp-

∂-Xn-\pw a\pjytkh-\-Øn-\p-ambn A`n-]m-b-ßƒ

tXSn-s°m≠vIme-Øns‚Jeo^hnfn-°p∂p,AXn-\m

¬,\nßƒt]mIpIF∂v]d-™p-sIm≠vPam-A-Øw-K-

ßƒ Bfp-Isf Xß-fn¬ \n∂v Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒFX-tØmfwh¿≤n-°p∂pF∂va\-

Ên-em-°pI.CusbmcpNn¥-bp-ambnaPvenskiqdm-bn¬



Ccp-∂m¬aPvenskiqdm-bpsS\S-]-Sn-Iƒicn-bmb\n

e-bn¬tIƒ°p-∂-Xpw,CkvXnKv^m¿sNøp-∂-Xpw,ZpdqZv

Ab-°p-∂Xpw IqSmsX as‰mcp Nn¥bpw a\-kn-te°v

Ib-dn-h-cn-√.At∏mƒamXsaBkZ-Ên¬A`n-]mbw]

d-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn£Wn-°p-tºm-sg√mwXs∂icn-bm-bXpw

]q¿WDØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØmSpwIqSn-bp≈A`n-]mbw\ev

Im≥I-gn-bq.ImcWw,CuA`n]m-b-ßƒIme-Øns‚

Jeo-^-bpsS]°¬FtØ≠Xm-Wv.AwK-ßsf√mhcpw

Xs∂hfschnNn-¥\w\SØnNn¥n®va\-Ên-em-°n-bmWv

GsX-¶nepwImcy-Øn¬A`n-]mbw]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-≠m-bn-

cn-°pIF∂Nn¥bmWvIme-Øns‚Jeo- -bv°p-≠m-bn-

cn-°p-I.s]mXp-hn¬aPvenkviqdm-bpsSA`n-]m-b-Øn\v

A°m-c-W-Øm¬Xs∂AtX-]SnAtX\ne-bn¬AwKo-

Imcw\evIp-I-bmWvsNøm-dp-≈-Xv,NneImcy-ß-fn-sem-

gn-sI.AØcwImcy-ß-fn¬iqdm-bpsSA`n-]m-bsØ

AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬Pam-A-Øn\v\jvS-am-bn-cn°pw

D≠m-bn-cn-°pIF∂vIme-Øns‚Jeo- bv°vhy‡-amb

Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.CXvhnip≤Jp¿-Bs‚A[ym-]-\-

Øn\vhncp-≤tamAXn¬\n∂vthdn-´tXmA√.ImcWw,

A√mlp AXn-\p≈ A\p-aXn \evIn-bn-´p-≠v. as‰mcp

ÿeØvA√mlp]d-bp∂p;

(B-epCw-dm≥:160)

AXm-bXvF√mkp]-[m\Imcyß-fnepwAh-tcmSvA`n-

]mbwBcm-bpI.(\-_n-°mWvCuIev]-\)]n∂oSv\o

GsX-¶nepwXocp-am\wFSp-Øm¬A√m-lp-hn¬ c-ta-ev]n-

°pI.AXm-bXvChnsSkp]-[m\Imcy-ß-fn¬A`n-]m

bw tXSpIA\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.\n›-b-ambpw th≠-Xm-Wv.

CuIev]\A\p-k-cn®vXncp\_n(-k)bpwA`n-]m-b-ßƒ

tXSnbncp-∂p.adn®,vFX-tØmfwA`n-]mbwtNmZn-°m-

dp-≠m-bn-cp∂pF∂m¬lZvdØvA_q-lp-ssd-d(d)\nthZw



sNøp-∂p, Rm≥ Xncp\_n(-k)tb-°mƒ IqSp-X-¬, Xs‚

klm-_m-°-tfmSvA`n-]mbwBcm-bp-∂-a‰m-scbpwI≠n-

´n-√.''(Jp-Xzp-_msXakvdq¿hmfyw2,]p:195˛196)

kmµ¿`n-I-ambnChnsS Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-t°-≠Xv

A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂p.iqdmkwhn-[m\wXncp\_n(-k)-bpsS

Ncysb ]n≥]-‰n-s°m-≠mWv ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ime-

Øns‚ Jeo-^bv°v ]e Imcy-ß-fnepw aPvensk iqd

A`n-]mbw\evIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.F∂m¬Jeo- bv°vkzbw

Xocp-am\wFSp-°m-\p≈A[n-Im--c-ap-≠v.lZvdØvJeo-

^-Øp¬akolvA¬JmankvAø-Z-lp-√mlvXBe]

d-bp∂p;

""_Zv¿bp≤thf-bn¬XS-hp-Im-tcm-Sp≈s]cp-am-‰sØ

kw_-‘n®v `qcn-]-£m-`n-]m-bsØ \ncm-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v

Xncp\_n-(-k)tIhewlZvdØvA_q-_-°¿(-d)s‚A`n-]m-

b-sØ-bmWvAwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-sX∂vNcn-X-Øn

¬ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.AXp-t]mseNneAh-k-c-ß-fn¬

a‰pbp≤-ß-fpsSImcy-ß-fn¬klm-_m-°-fpsSA`n-]

m-b-Øn\vhfsc]m[m-\yhpw\evIn-bn- p-ap≠v.DlvZvbp≤-

Øn¬ Xs∂ klm-_m-°-fpsS A`n-]mbw am\n-®mWv

Xncp\_n(-k)Atßm´vt]mb-Xv.kz¥wCjvS-]-Im-c-ambn

cp-∂n-√.aZo-\-bn¬\n∂p-Xs∂]Xn-tcm-[n°mwF∂m-bn-

cp∂pXncp\_n(-k)bpsSBKlw.BA`n-]m-b-ßƒ°p

tijwXncp\_n(-k)Bbp-[-ta¥n]pd-s∏-Sm≥XpS-ßn-b-

t∏mƒXncp\_n(-k)-bpsSC—bv°vhncp-≤-am-bn-´mWvXo-

cp-am\wD≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂vklm-_m-°ƒ°vtXm∂n.

Ah¿]d™p:ChnsS\n∂p-Xs∂s]mcp-Xmw.At∏mƒ

Xncp\_n(-k)]d-™p,C√.\_nHcpXocp-am\wFSp-Øm¬

]ns∂ AXn¬\n∂v ]n∑m-dp-∂-X-√. C\n A√m-lp-hn¬

`c-taev]n-®p-sIm≠v]pd-∏-Sp-I.

]n∂oSvas‰mcpAh-ÿbpwD≠m-bn.lpssZ-_nbmDS-



º-Sn-bpsS Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Icm-dn¬ H∏n-tS-≠-Xn√ F∂-

Xn-¬ F√m klm-_m-°ƒ°p-w GIm-`n-]m-bambn-cp∂p.

F∂m¬Xncp\_n-(-k)Ah-cpsSF√m-h-cp-sSbpwA`n-]m-

b-Øn\phncp-≤-ambnAXn¬H∏n-Sp-I-bmWvsNbvX-Xv.]n

∂oSvAXn\vFXal-Ømb]cn-WmaamWvA√mlp\ev

Inb-sX∂vt\m°p-I.Npcp-°-Øn¬,Imcy-ß-sf√mwXs∂

]q¿W-ambpwXpd∂\ne-bn¬ap∂n¬hcp-∂-Xn-\mbn´m-

Wv A`n-]mbw tXSp-I F∂ Iev]\ \evIn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

F∂m¬,A`n-]mbwAwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-SWwF∂v\n¿_-‘-

an-√.Npcp-°-Øn¬,Xncp\_n(-k)-bpsSkp∂-Øns\A\p-

[m-h\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWv \ΩpsS iqdm kwhn-[m\w

\ne-s°m-≈p-∂-Xv. Imcy-ßƒ Bg-Øn-te-°n-d-ßn-sb∂v

a\-Ên-em-°p-∂-Xn∂pth-≠n Jeo-^-am¿ A`n-]mbw tX-

Sp-∂p.F∂m¬iqdm-bpsSF√mXocp-am-\-ß-sfbpwAwKo-

I-cn-°Ww F∂Xv \n¿_-‘-a-√. A°m-c-W-Øm-emWv

Ft∏mgpwiqdm\S-]-Sn-I-fpsSAh-km-\-Øn¬Imcy-ßƒ

i≤m¿l-am-sW-∂-Xns\kw_-‘n®v dnt∏m¿´vka¿∏n-

°p-tºmƒ"iqdmCßs\ip]m¿isNøp∂p'Fs∂-gp-Xp-

∂-Xv.iqdmCßs\Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p∂pFs∂-gp-Xm-\p

≈A[n-Im-c-an-√.iqdmbv°vip]m¿i-bv°p≈Ah-Imiw

amX-ta-bp-≈p.Xocp-am\wFSp-°m-\p≈Ah-ImiwIme-

Øns‚Jeo-^°pamX-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

Cukµ¿`-Øn¬Aßs\-sb-¶n¬]ns∂iqdm-hn-fn-

®p-°q-t´≠ Bh-iy-sa¥v As√-¶n¬ A`n-]mbw tXSp-

∂-Xns‚ ]tbm-P\wF¥vF∂vBcp-sS-sb-¶nepw a\-

Ên¬ tNmZyw DZn-t®-°mw. C∂sØ hnZym-k-º-∂-cmb

a\-Êp-I-fn¬CØcwNn¥-IƒD≠mbnhcp∂p.At∏mƒ

Rm≥ t\csØ ]d-™p-h-∂Xv t]mse aPvenkv apim-

hn-dXvA`n-]mbw]d-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈hIp-∏m-Wv.AXns‚

tPmen Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p∂ ]m¿e-sa‚n-s‚-X-√.



A¥naXocp-am-\-Øn-\mbnF¥m-bmepwImcy-ßƒIme-

Øns‚Jeo-^-bpsSASp-°¬FØp-∂p. Ime-Øns‚

Jeo-^bv°vamXtaXocp-am\wFSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈A[n-

Im-c-ap-≈p. CXv A√m-lp-hn-\m¬ \evI-s∏´ A[n-Im-c-

am-Wv.Rm≥ t\ctØ]d-™-Xp-t]mseNne ]tXyI

kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ HgnsI s]mXp-hn¬ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ

AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv sNøm-dp-≈-Xv. AXns\ Ipdn-

®p≈AdnhvIme-Øns‚Jeo-^bv°vamX-amWvD≈-Xv.

Nnekµ¿ -ß-fn¬GsXmcpImc-W-Øm-emtWmA`n-]m

bw \evI-s∏-´Xv AXn-s\-∏‰n Ime-Øns‚ Jeo^ ]d

-bm≥BK-ln-°p-∂p-≠m-hn-√.AØ-c-Øn-ep≈Nne\n¿

_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿbpwD≠m-Im-dp-≠v.Npcp-°-Øn¬,]d-™p-

h-cp-∂-Xns‚ Dt±iyw A`n-]mbw tXSp-∂Xv ]tbm-P-\-

I-c-amWvF∂m-Wv.ImcWw,hyXykvXNp‰p-]m-Sn-ep≈

hyXykvXkap-Zm-b-ß-fn-ep-≈,hyXykvXkmaq-lnI]

cn-Xx-ÿn-Xnbnep-≈, hnZym-k-º-∂cpw hnZym-`ymkw Ipd-

™-hcpwBbBfp-I-fmWvA`n-]m-b-ßƒ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

IqSmsXPam-AØvhfsc]N-cn-®psIm-≠ncn°p∂C°m-

eØvhnhn[cmPy-ß-fpsSAh-ÿ-bv°-\p-k-cn®vA`n]m

bßƒFØp-∂p.XXv -e-ambnIme-Øns‚Jeo- bv°v

BcmPy-Øns‚s]mXp-hmbAh-ÿsb∏‰nbpwPam-A-

ØwK-ß-fpsSPohnX\ne-hm-c-sØ-∏-‰nbpwPam-A-Øns‚

aX-]-chpwBflobhpamb\ne-hm-c-sØ-∏-‰nbpwAh-cpsS

Nn¥-I-sf-∏-‰nbpwAh-cpsSA`n-]m-b-ß-fn¬\n∂vAdnhv

e`n-°p-∂p.]n∂oSvGsXmcp]≤-Xn-bmtWm]h¿Ø\

cq]-tc-J-bmtWmXøm-dm-t°-≠XvAXns‚cq]-I-ev]-\°v

klmbwe`n°p-∂p.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, cmPy-ß-fpsSiqd-I-fnseNneA`n-]m

-b-ßƒAXns‚bYm¿Y\ne-bn¬AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-s√-

¶nepw Ime-Øns‚ Jeo-^bv°v ImWp-∂Xpw tIƒ°p-



∂-Xpw -sIm≠v F¥m-bmepw Ah¿°v ]tbm-P\amWv

e`n-°p-I.A`n-]mbw]d-bp-∂-h¿F¥m-bmepw Dt±iy

ip≤n-tbm-Sp-IqSn A`n-]mbw ]d-bp-I. Pam-A-Øn-t\mSv

A`n-]mbw tXSpI F∂Xv Ime-Øns‚ Jeo-^-bpsS

Ah-Im-ihpwIS-abpwBIp-∂p.''(Jp-Xzp-_msXakvdq¿.

hmfyw2,]p:197˛199)

Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^-bpsShm°p-IsfA\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-

cn-°p-∂hy‡nXs∂bpwXs‚Xe-ap-d-I-sfbpwA√m-

lp-hns‚ A\p-K-l-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Zo\n¬\n∂pw AI-

‰p-∂-h\mbn Xocp∂Xm-Wv. X¬kw-_-‘-ambnlZvdØv

Jeo- -Øp¬akolvA¬Jm-an-kv(-A-ø-Z-lp-√m-lp-X-B-e)

]d-bp∂p;

""Pam-A-Øns\hne-a-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬,Ime-

Øns‚Jeo-^-bpsShm°p-Iƒ°vImtXm¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬]Xps°]Xps°Ah¿XßsfamX-a√

A√m-lp-hns‚Imcp-Wy-Øn¬\n∂vAI-‰n-am-‰p-∂Xvadn-®v,

XßfpsSXe-ap-d-I-sfbpwZo\n¬\n∂vAI-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p-I-bmWvsNøp-∂-Xv.CutemIw\nßsfZo\n¬\n∂v

AI-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬CXvA\p-K-l-a√,\m

i-am-sW∂vIcp-Xp-I.CXvA√m-lp-hns‚A\p-K-l-ßsf

Xf-fn-°-fb-em-Ip-∂p.CXvA√m-lp-hns‚A\p-K-l-ßsf

Ah-a-Xn-°-em-Ip-∂p.GsXmcpIme-L- -Øns‚Cam-an-s\-

bmtWmapgp-h≥kap-Zm-b-ßfpw]Xo-£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

∂XvBCam-an¬A\p-k-cW]Xn⁄sNbvX-h-cmWv

\mw F∂Xv Ft∏mgpw Hm¿a-bn¬ sht°-≠-Xm-Wv. B

hy‡nsbkw_-‘n®vXncp\_n(-k)hfsckvt\l\n¿ -c

-amb hm°p-I-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. At±-l-Øn-\v

Xncp-\_n(-k)kemw Ab-®n-cn-°p-∂p... Aßs\bn-cns°

AØcw Hcp hy‡n-bpam-bp≈ _‘-w \nÊm-c-Im-cy-am

tWm?\n›-b-ambpwCXvHclvaZn°ve`n-®n-cn-°p∂hfsc



al-ØmbHcp_lp-a-Xn-bm-Ip-∂p.AXn-\m¬,Cu_lp-

a-Xnsbhne-a-Xn-t°-≠XvHmtcmAlvaZn-bp-sSbpwIS-a-bm-

Ip-∂p.Cuhne-a-Xn-°¬]n∂oSvHcpbYm¿YAlvaZnsb

A_vsZipIq¿(Ir-X⁄X-bp≈Zmk≥)B°n-am-‰p-∂p.

XpS¿∂vA√m-lp-hns‚A\p-K-l-ßƒ]q¿hm-[nIwh¿-

jn-°p-∂-XmbnImWmhp-∂-Xm-Wv.lZvdØv akolv au-

Du-Zp(-A)-am-bp≈_‘wtIhew\mhp-sIm-≠p≈Hcp

hnfw-_cwamX-a-√,adn®vAt±-l-tØmSvsNøp∂A\p-k-

cW]Xn-⁄-bpsSDS-º-Snbm-Ip-∂p.At±-l-Øn\vtijw

At±-l-Øns‚\ma-Øn¬Ime-Øns‚Jeo-^-tbm-SmWv

BhmKvZm\wsNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv.Cu_bv-A-Øns‚s]m

cp-fns\ Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw a\-Ên-em-°n-bn-cn-t°-≠Xv

A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂p._bv-AØvF∂m¬hnev°pIF∂m-

W¿Yw.AXm-bX,vA√mlphns‚Iev]-\]ImcwXs‚

k¿h hn[ BKlm`n-em-j-ß-sfbpw hnIm-c-ß-sfbpw

-XyPn-°msa∂pwAX-\p-k-cn®vXs‚PohnXwIgn-®p-Iq-´p-

sa-∂p-ap≈HcpDS-º-Sn-bm-Ip-∂pss_AØv.tkz—Isf

]q¿W-ambpwC√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂vA√m-lp-hns\km

£n-bm-°n-s°m≠vG‰p-]-d-bp-∂Xns‚t]cmWv_bv-A-Øv.

A√m-lp-hp-ambn I≠p-ap-´p-Ibpw F√m DS-º-Sn-I-sfbpw

kw_-‘n®vtNmZywsNø-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNøp∂Zn\-sØ°p-

dn®vZrV-hn-izm-k-ap≈Hcphy‡nA∂m-fn¬CtX-°p-dn®v

tNmZywsNø-s∏-Sp-∂-tXm¿°p-tºmƒXs∂hnd-sIm≈p-

∂-Xm-Wv.''(Jp-Xzp-_msXakvdq¿,hm:8,]p:191˛192)

Jnem-^-Øp-am-bp≈_‘sØkw_-‘n®v]d-bp∂p;

""\nßƒ°v]ptcm-KXnssIhcn°-W-sa-¶n¬,temIØv

hnP-bn-°-W-sa-¶n¬F\n°v \nß-tfm-Sp≈ D]-tZ-ihpw

ktµ-ihpw CXm-Wv. \nßƒ Jnem-^-Øp-ambn _‘w

ÿm]n-°p-I.CussZhnI]misØapdp-sI-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-I.\ΩpsSF√mhf¿®bpwJnem- -Øp-am-bp≈



_‘sØBi-bn-®mWv\ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.''(A¬^Zv¬

Zn\-]Xwd_vh,30-˛05˛2003)

""A√mlpJnem- -Øns‚A\p-K-lw\nßƒ°v\¬In-

bn-cn-°p-∂p.CXvF√m-hn-[-]ptcm-K-Xn-I-fn-te-°p-ap≈Hcp

A\p-KrloX]mX-bm-Ip-∂p.CussZhnI]misØap-

dp-sI-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I.HsØm-cp-abpwsFIyhpw\ne

-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\mbpw hnP-b-ßsf ]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbpw

Jnem-^-Øp-ambnFt∏mgpw tN¿∂p-\nev°p-I. IqSmsX

Xß-fpsSXe-ap-d-I-sfbpwk¥m-\-ß-sfbpwCual-Øm

bA\p-K-l-hp-ambn_‘-s∏-´p-\nev°p-∂-Xn-\mbnD]-

tZ-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I.AXns‚A¥-Ên-\pwkpZr-V-X

bv°pwth≠nFt∏mgpw]cn-i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I.AXn

s‚am¿K-Øn¬t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp∂F√mXymK-ßƒ°p-

th≠nbpw Ft∏mgpw k∂-≤-cm-bn-cn-°pI.'' (a-iv-A-se-

cmlvhm:5,]p:32,33)

""C°m-e-L-´-Øn¬A√m-lp-hns‚hmKvZm-\-Øn-s‚bpw

lZvdØvakolvauDu-Zv(-A)s‚kv]jvS-amb\n¿tZ-iß-

fp-sSbpwshfn-®-Øn¬Jnem^Øpam-bp≈_‘-Øns‚

^e-ambnamXsahnizm-k-ØnepwI¿a-ß-fnepwD≈]p

tcm-KXn km[y-am-IpIbp≈q Ft∂m¿Øp sIm≈pI.

HcmƒFXhenb]fin-X-t\m,XXz-Nn-¥-It\m,_mly

-ZrjvSymGsX-¶nepwBflo-b-ÿm-\ØvFØn-s∏´B

tfmBbn-s°m-≈-s´,Ime-Øns‚Jeo- -bp-ambnkpZr-V-

amb_‘wAbmƒ°n-√m-sb-¶n¬Pam-A-Øns‚D∂-a\

Øntem Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepw Bflob A`n-hr-≤nbntem

Abm-fpsS B ÿm\am\-ßƒ ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbmfw t]m

epwkzm[o\wsNep-Øp-∂-X-√.A√mlp\nßƒs°-√m

-h¿°pw C°mcyw kKu-chw a\-Ên-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

Xu^oJv\¬Ip-am-dm-I-s´.''(AXv^m¬C‚¿\m-j-W¬

2014sabv23˛29]p:1)



""Ft∏mgpwPam-AØvkwhn-[m-\-hp-ambnkpZr-V-_‘w

\ne-\n-dp-ØpI F∂-Xm-Wv Xs∂ AlvaZn-ø-Øp-ambn

_‘-s∏-Sp-Øp∂HmtcmAlvaZn-bp-sSbpwtPmen.AlvaZn

ømJnem-^-Øn-t\mSvIqdn-s‚bpwA\p-k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw

_‘w\ne-\n-dp-ØpIF∂XvAhs‚IS-a-bm-Ip-∂p.Imc

Ww,_bv-A-Øns‚ka-bØvsNbvX]Xn-⁄-bm-Wn-Xv.

A√m-lp-hns‚A\p-K-l-Øm¬]pXp-Xmbn ]th-in-°p-

∂-h¿,hnti-jn®v]q¿W-hn-izm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSnkv]jvS-amb

sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ lZvdØv akolv au-

Du-Zv(-A)s‚hmZ-ßsfa\-Ên-em°nkzoI-cn-®-h¿Xß-fpsS

_bv-AØv ]Xn-⁄-bnepw AXns‚ \n_-‘-\-I-fnepw

Nn¥n-®vsIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.'' (A¬^Zv¬C‚¿\m-j-W¬,

2015HIvtSm-_¿30˛\hw5,]p:6)

""C∂v lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zn¬(-A) _bv-AØv sN-

bvX, Jnem-^Øv hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

PamAØn¬Dƒs∏-´n-cn-°p∂pF∂vhmZn-°p∂Hmtcm

AlvaZn-bp-sSbpwISaA√m-lp-hns‚Iev]-\-Iƒ°-\p-

kr-X-ambnFt∏mgpwXß-fpsSAh-ÿ-I-fn¬kXv]-cn-

h¿Ø\ßƒ D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xn\mbn ian-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm kvXo]pcp-j-∑mcpw

Ip´n-Ifpwbphm-°fpwFt∏mgpwNn¥nt°-≠XvA√mlp

Rßƒ°vJnem-^-Øm-Ip∂A\p-Klw\evIn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p F∂pw AXns‚ Ah-Im-in-I-fm-Ip∂-Xn-\mbn \mw

Ft∏mgpw]b-Xv\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-t°-≠-XmsW∂pwJnem-

^ØvCd-°-s∏´hnizm-kn-Iƒ°vA√mlphmKvZm\wsN

bvXn-´p≈A\p-K-l-ßƒIc-ÿam-°p∂-Xn-\mbnA√m-

lp sNøm≥ Iev]n-®n-´p≈ kXvI¿a-ßsf Xß-fpsS

Pohn-X-Øns‚`mK-am°namt‰-≠-Xp≠vF∂pamWv.Hm¿

Øp-sIm-≈p-I, C∂v \mw \ΩpsS Ah-ÿ-I-fn¬ am‰w

hcp-Øn-s°m≠vAXn¬ÿnc-X-ssI-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-te°v



i≤n-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬aS°wAkm-[y-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂n-S-tØm-

fwZqc-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv;Jnem-^-Øp-ambn_‘-s∏´p\nev

°p∂ A\p-K-l-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]n¥-≈-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Xs∂bpwXs‚Xe-ap-d-I-sfbpwAXn¬\n∂vAI-‰p-∂-

h-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. C∂v Cu DØ-c-hm-Zn-XzsØ \n

d-th-‰n-s°m≠v,CuA\p-K-lsØkwc-£n-®p-sIm≠v\

ΩpsSXe-ap-d-I-fn¬CXns‚]m[m\yw\ne-\n¿tØ-≠Xv

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hnImchnNm-c-ßsft]mepwXyPn®psIm≠vAlvaZnøm

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sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-WvF∂p≈hmKvZm\wkz¥wk¥-Xn-

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2013,sabv24˛30,]p:8)

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`uXn-I-⁄m-\-ßfpw Ds≠-¶n¬X-s∂bpw Abmƒ°v

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fpsSCam-ans\A\p-K-an-®p-sIm≠vAt±-l-Øns‚\n¿tZ-

im-\p-k-cWw\oßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂Xp-hsc



A√m-lp-hns‚klm-bhpw]n¥p-Wbpw\nßƒ°ve`y-

am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.''(A¬^Zv¬Zn\-]-Xw,2003

sabv30,]p:2)

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dØvapkvenlvauDu-Zv(-d)s\D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠vlZvdØvJeo-

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auDu-Zv(-d)apd-∫n-am¿°pw]fin-X-∑m¿°pwHcpkp]-[m\

D]-tZiw \evIn-bn-´p-≠v.At±lw ]d-bp-∂p: Zo\n-t\mSv

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lp-hns‚Pam-AØvkXvt]-tcm-Sp-IqSntemIØv\ne-\n

ev°-Wsa-∂vBK-ln-°p-∂,Xncp\_n(-k)bpsSImeØv

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√msXJeo-^-tbmSvtN¿∂vPamAØwK-ß-fpsSNn¥m

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h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬G¿s∏´psIm≠n-cn-°pIF∂-Xm-Wv...J

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\evIptºmƒAXvCcpIøpw\o´nkzoI-cn-°p-IbpwPam-

A-Øw-K-ß-fpsS ap∂n¬ AXn-s\- Hs∂m-gn-bmsX B

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KwIc-ÿ-am-Ip-∂-hscAXvBh¿Øn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.''(Jp-

Xzp-_msXalvaqZv,hm:18,]p:214˛215)(A¬^Zv¬C‚¿

\mj-W¬2015Pq¨19˛25,]p:8)

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PpapA27˛5˛2005)

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≠-Xm-Wv.Xß-fpsSk¥-Xn-IsfFt∏mgpwAlvaZnøm

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th≠nHcpZrV-\n-›-bhpw]q¿WambD’mlhpwBh-

iy-ap≠v.''(A-∂m-kn¿amkn-I,P¿a\n2003Pq¨.]p:1)

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cn-°epw\sΩDt]-£n-°n-√.Ah≥ap≥Jn-em- ØvIme-

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Xu^oJv\¬Ip-am-dm-Is´˛Bao≥.''(PpapAJpXzp_

l.Jeo-^-Øp¬akolv,2004,sabv21)

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lphns‚ C—b-\p-k-cn®v Jnem-^-Øns\ \ne-\n¿Øp-

∂-h-cmbnamdp-∂-Xn-\p≈Xu^oJvA√mlp\ap°v\

evIp-am-dm-I-s´.

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jnem^Øns‚ alØmb - islam ahmadiyya · 2020-01-12 · jnem^Øns‚ alØmb ÿm\hpw a\p{klßfpw...

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