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TRANSCRIPT
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Objective
Preventfireandexplosionsintheoffshoreoilandgas
industryby
controlling
ignition
sources
and
developing
effectiveregulations,complianceandtraining
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Diesel EngineProtection In The
Offshore Industry
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ExtractBPReport:
SequenceofeventsfromRTlinkApril20th
9.48Mainpowergenerationenginesstartedtogointooverspeed
(#3
&
#6
Engines
online)
9.49RiglostSperrySunrealtimedatatransmissionlink
9.49Firstexplosionoccurredapproximately5secondsafterpowerlost
9.49Second
Explosion
occurred
approximately
10
secondsafterfirstexplosion
Overspeeding
enginewasmostlikelytheignitionsource
thatcaused
the
detonation
What Happened?
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TheExplosionTriangle
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Hydrocarbon Releases (HCRs) Offshore
Hydrocarbon reduction strategies have been
applied by UK regulatory bodies for many years
through:
Legal requirement (UK RIDDOR) to report HCRs
Investigations (primarily loss of containment ofhydrocarbons) mandatory for Major & Significantreleases
Inspections ( Focus asset integrity particularlyassociated with ageing installations)
Safety Case Assessment (legal requirement UKSCR05)
Giving technical advice and producing guidance onoffshore process safety issues
Promoting inherent safety in new designs
Input to relevant codes, standards and industryguidance.
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UK Reported Offshore Hydrocarbon Releases(HCRs) (1996-2010)
https://www.hse.gov.uk/hcr3/help/help_public.asp#Severity
Strategies have beeneffective in reducing
HCRs but reality is they
still occur
Hydrocarbon releaseswithin the oil and gas
industry are an inevitable
consequence of thenature of the business.
Emphasising the
importance ofIgnition Protection as
the last means ofdefence for explosion
prevention
https://www.hse.gov.uk/hcr3/help/help_public.asp#Severityhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/hcr3/help/help_public.asp#Severity -
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Pyroban 2010
A large proportion of ignition hazards are from
nonelectrical equipment sources
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Pyroban 2010
OCSlandsActbringsdrilling&OSproductionuntilfederaljurisdiction
30CFRPt250(codeofFederal Regulation)
coversOil
,Gas
and
SulphurOps
30CFR
250.1911
call
for
SEMSincorporatingHazardanalysiswithall
facilitiesbyNov2011
30CFR
250.1911
hazardanalysesmust
coverpreviousincidents(Deepwater Horizon)
BPreportindicatesdieselengineasa
potentialsource
of
ignition
30CFR250.510dieselEnginesmustbefittedwith shutdowndevice
toprevent
runaway
30CFR250.510ManualRemoteorautomatic
shutdowndependingon
attendance
Does30CFRPt250gofarenoughwithrespect
todiesel
engine
ignition
protectionoffshore?
1.USguidance
from
otherindustries
2.RoWguidance
How Current US Federal Regulations and OffshoreStandards may Deal with Diesel Engine Ignition Protection
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Statusof
Explosion
Protection
legislation
&
Standards
US,
UK
&
RoW
ExplosionProtection
Requirements
US UK RoW
Legislationtocontrolfireand
explosionhazards
offshore
OCS/CFR250 PFEER/SCR05/PUWER RegionalLegislation
ElectricalExplosionProtection
Concepts&Standards
NEC500 EN60079series IEC60079seriesorNEC
500
NonElectricalProtectionConcept
Standards
No EN13463series ChinaAdopting EN13463
seriesthrough
GB
3836
series
Productspecificmining engines 30CFR 7.98 EN18342 ChinaMT990(2006),
comparabletoEN18342
EuropeEN18342
Productspecific
IC
engines
forklift
trucksUL
558 EN
1755
EN18341(ICEngine)China
GB
19854
GB20800(ICEngine)
Productspecific ICenginesoffshore
(allignitionrisks)
30CFR250.
510
(partialIgnition
protection)
EN18341
EIguidance
Various (EEMUA107,BP
200 &EN18341)
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TypicalRoW
InstallationForOffshore
Engines
Spark Arrestor
Exhaust gascooler
Inlet flamearrestor
Exhaustflame traps
Inletshutdownvalve
Water-cooledTurbo
Engineoverspeedmonitoring& AutoShutdown
CoolantTemperatureMonitoring
ExhaustTemperaturemonitoring
Water -CooledExhaust manifold
Water -CooledFlexible
Explosion protected electrical components
Anti-staticblades &belts
Explosionproof
Manifold
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TypicalUSInstallation(CFR250.510)
Explosion protected electricalcomponents
XSpark Arrestor
Exhaust gascooler
Inlet flamearrestor
Exhaustflame traps
Inletshutdownvalve
Water-cooledTurbo
CoolantTemperatureMonitoring
ExhaustTemperaturemonitoring
Water -CooledExhaust manifold
Water -CooledFlexible
X
XX
XX
X
X
XEngineOverspeedmonitoring& Manual orAuto-shutdown
Anti-staticblades &belts
Explosionproof
Manifold
XX
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US-It wont happen to us..
Are laws of Physics andChemistry are different ?
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Pyroban 2010
Ignition Protected?
EI 15 Chapter 8 (2005)
A situation where a fixed source ofignition is located just outside a
hazardous area leads to a much
higher probability of ignition than
suitably classified equipment located
just inside
Hazardous area
Non-hazardous area
Ignition protection ofengines in Non-hazardous areas
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In the event of a Major HCR as occurred on the DeepwaterHorizon can any area be classified as safe in terms of anexplosive atmosphere?
BP Report: Thefireandgassystemdidnotpreventignition
hydrocarbonsmigratedbeyondareasthatwereelectrically
classifiedto
areaswherethepotentialforignitionwashigher.TheHVACsystem
probablytransferred
agas
rich
mixture
into
the
engine
rooms
causing
at
leastoneenginetooverspeed
creatingapotentialsourceofignition
Equipment required to either support or maintain essentialservices should be ignition protected with automatic
executive management functionality
Ignition protection of engines in emergency situations
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WhyProtectDieselEngineOffshoreandOnshore?
1.
Dieselenginesoftenrunningveryclosetothepotentialrelease
offlammables,
which: (1)makesthemmorelikelytoingestamixtureintheflammablerangeand(2)minimizesthetimetotakeanymanualpreventiveaction
2.
Otherignitionsourcessuchasfiredheaters,boilers,andflaresare: (1)typically
significantlyfartheraway,increasingthelikelihoodthattheflammablecloudwilldilutebelowtheflammablerangebeforeitreachesthemand(2)canhavedesign
features(e.g.,
remote/elevated
air
intakes
for
fired
equipment,
height
of
flares)
whichmakethemlesslikelytoignitearelease
3.
Andmostimportantly,unprotected,runningdieselenginescanbe
easilyand
inexpensivelyeliminated,therebysignificantlyreducingtheriskofanexplosionby
eliminatingone
of
the
most
likely
sources
of
an
ignition
(based
on
the
logic
above
aswellasactualindustryexperience)
Arunawaydieselcanexplodewithinsecondsadetonationsource
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RV Toilet valve made of PVC for $15 installed on a offshore diesel engine forshutoff. Manual valves Should not be allowed as a runaway engine can explode within seconPlease note the shutdown lever that some one has to push in from below to shutdown the engi
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This is the most popular US made spark arrestor brand used on the offshore eand other equipment. As you can see from the above test, this product does nprevent sparks. Companies in US buy it, because it is cheap. Really sad situa
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Our Recommendations
Update US offshore standards to close the gapwith other world standards on diesel engines-ReferEN 1834 standard
Dont ignore non-electrical equipment protection
Train BOEMRE inspectors on diesel engine safety,inspection and compliance
Do not allow manual shutdown air intake valves ondiesel engines
Follow ATEX and UK standards on sparkarrestors-Cyclone principal