Joints of limbs

主 讲 人 孙万群

Ⅰ. Joints of upper limb Ⅰ) Joints of shoulder girdle1.Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节

1)Composition: sternal end of clavicle,clavicular notch of sternum, and the first

costal cartilage 2)Feature: Articular capsule: strong An articular disc divides the joint into two cavities.3)Movements

Up down

2.Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节

3.Coracoacromial ligament 喙肩韧带

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Ⅱ)Joints of free upper limb1.Shoulder joint 肩关节 (ball and socket)1)Composition: head of h

umerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

2)Feature:Articular surface Capsule: Thin and lax

AttachmentsTendon of long head of b

iceps brachiidown Up

Glenoid labrum 盂唇 : Coracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带

3)Movements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

down Up

头大盂小囊松薄

最易发生前下脱down Up

2. Elbow joint 肘关节1)Composition: lower end of

humerus, upper ends of radius and ulna

1.Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节2.Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节3.Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节2)Feature:Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly, str

ongly thickened on either side by collateral ligaments

down Up

Ligaments:1.Radial collacteral ligament 桡

侧副韧带 :

2. Ulnar collacteral ligament 尺侧副韧带 :

3. Annular ligament of radius桡骨环状韧带 :

3)Movements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination

down Up

Dislocation

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3.Joints between radius and ulnar

Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节

Distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节

Interosseous membrane of forearm

前臂骨间膜

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4.Joints of hand

1) Radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节 (ellipsoid)

(1)Composition

Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc

Proximal row of carpal but not pisiform

(2)Feature: Capsule: lax and strengthened by s

urrounding ligaments

(3)Movementsdown Up

2)Intercarpal joints

3)Carpometacarpal joints:

★ Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节(1)Composition : trapez

ium and base of the first metacarpal

(2)Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition 4)Metacarpophalangeal joints

5)Intermetacarpal joints6)Interphalangeal joints

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Ⅱ.Joints of Lower limbⅠ) Joints of pelvic girdle 1.Sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节 1)Composition: auricular surface of sacrum and ilium 2)Feature: Capsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments

down Up

2.Vertebropelvic ligaments 1)Iliolumbal ligament 髂腰韧带 : 2) Sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带 3) Sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带 These two ligaments convert the sciatic notches the greater and lesser sciatic foramina 坐骨大、

小孔

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3. Pubic symphysis

耻骨联合4.Obturator membrane

闭孔膜 obturator canal

闭膜管

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5.Bony pelvis 骨盆1)Composition: formed by

paired hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, and their articulations

2)Terminal line 界线 : formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line, pectin of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubic symphysis

3)Two portions

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4)Lesser pelvis 小骨盆(1)pelvic inlet 骨盆上口 (te

rminal line):

(2)Pelvic outlet 骨盆下口 : formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, symphysis

(3)Pelvic cavity

(4)Pubic arch, subpubic angle

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Ⅱ) Joints of free lower limb

1. Hip joint 髋关节1)Composition: acetabulum and

femoral head2)Feature: (1)Articular capsule

attachments

down Up

(2)Acetabulum labrum 髋臼唇 ; (3)transverse acetebular ligame

nt 髋臼横韧带 (4)Iliofemoral lig. 髂股韧带 (5)Ligament of head of femur

股骨头韧带 (6)Pubofemoral lig. 耻股韧带 (7)Ischiofemoral ligament

坐股韧带(8) Zona orbicularis3)Movement: stability

Transvese acetebular lig.

Ligament of head of femur

Acetabulum labrum

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Iliofemoral lig.

Ischiofemoral lig.

Pubofemoral lig.

Zona orbicularis

down Up

down Up

2.Knee joint 膝关节1)Composition: lower end of femur, upper end of t

ibia and patella2)Feature:Articular capsule

down Up

Patellar lig. 髌韧带 Fibular collateral lig. 腓侧副韧带 Tibial collateral lig. 胫侧副韧带

Patellar lig.

Fibular collateral lig.

Tibial collaterallig.

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Oblique popliteal ligament 腘斜韧带 Anterior cruciate ligment 前交叉韧带 Posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韧带

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Medial meniscus 内侧半月板 (C-shaped)Lateral meniscus 外侧半月板 (O-shaped)

3)Movements: flexion and extension; flexed knee joint may be passively rotated

lateralMedial

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3)Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结 Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节 Crural interosseous membra

ne 小腿骨间膜 Anterior and posterior tibiof

ibular ligaments 胫腓前、后韧带

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4)Joints of foot1)Talocrural joint 距小腿关节 (an

kle joint) 踝关节(1)Composition: lower ends of tibia and fibula, trochlea of talus

(2)Feature: Articular capsule: thin and lax in front and behind(3)Movements

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2)Intertarsal joints 跗骨间关节

3)Tarsometatarsal joints 跗跖关节4)Intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节5)Metatarsophalangeal joints

跖趾关节6)Interphalangeal joints 趾间关节

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Arches of foot 足弓

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