Medical Support for International Sports Events

国际体育赛事的医疗支持- an experience of the 2002 FIFA World Cup Games in Korea

2002 年韩国世界杯的经验

Joon Pil Cho, MD, PhD

Department of Emergency Medicine

Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea

韩国 AJOU 大学医学院急救医学部

jpcho@ajou.ac.kr

Contents 内容

• Experience of 2002 FIFA World Cup Games in Korea

韩国 2002 年世界杯的经验• Issues of Medical Planning for International Sports Even

ts 国际赛事医疗计划问题• Mass Casualty Preparation 应对大众意外伤亡的准备工作

2002 FIFA World Cup In Korea韩国 2002 年世界杯

• Type of events: Football games赛事类别：足球

– Venues: 10, Teams: 16, Matches: 32赛场： 10 个，参赛队 16 个，比赛场次： 32 场

• Duration of events: one month赛事时间：一个月

• Size of crowds 观众规模– Each stadium: 45-65 thousands

每个体育场馆： 45000-65000– Total expected spectators: 160 millions plus

预计观众总数： 1 亿 6 千万• Local medical facilities: • 当地医疗机构：

– Designated hospital within 30 minutes 在 30 分钟内到达的指定医院

– Affiliated hospitals 附属医院– Wide regional emergency medical center 广泛的地区性医疗急救中

心

Spectators and Patients 观众和病人

Spectator/game

42479.5

30460.0

32643.0

37109.3

37411.7

46879.3

53746.8

57140.7

0.0 20000.0 40000.0 60000.0

Total

J eonju

Gwangju

Suwon

Busan

Incheon

Daegu

Seoul

Pts/spectator*1,000

1.34

1.00

1.85

1.26

1.27

0.90

1.58

1.38

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00

Total

J eonju

Gwangju

Suwon

Busan

Incheon

Daegu

Seoul

N=977,028 (7 Stadium, 23games)7 个体育馆， 23 场赛事

Patients 病人

• Total number of Pts : 1,305 pts (23games) 病人总数： 1 ， 305 人次（ 23 场赛事）

• Number of pts / games : 56.7 pts 病人数 / 场： 56.7 人次

• Number of pts / 1,000 spectators : 1.34 pts 病人数 /1 ， 000 名观众： 56.7 人次

• man 725(55.6%) : woman 580(54.5%) 男 725(55.6%) : 女 580(54.5%)

• average age : 30.8 (1~78) 平均年龄： 30.8 (1~78)

• foreigner : 81(6.2%) ； 外国人： 81(6.2%)

4

66

39

6

11

7

1172

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

spectators

Athlete-Referee

Volunteer

Security

FIFA officer

reporter

etc

The patients 病人

1000 1200

N=1,305

Age Distribution of Patients 病人的年龄分布

550

433

147

137

38

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

<= 15

16 ~ 30

31 ~ 45

46 ~ 60

>= 61

Causes of visit 就医原因

etc

GI Problems

injury

OB-Gyn Problems2.1%, 28 pts

Respiratory Problems

Headache

N=1,305

25.7%336 pts

13.4%175 pts

33.2%433 pts

19.3%251 pts

5.6%79 pts

CardioVascular Problems0.7%, 9pts

Severity 严重性

mild 98.7%1,288 pts

moderate 1.1%14 pts

severe 0.2%3 pts

N=1,305

Hospital Transportation 来自医院的数据：中、重症患者（ 0.74/ 场 , 0.017/1,000 观众）一人由于从体育馆跌落造成头部损伤而死亡。 moderate, severe (0.74/game, 0.017/1,000 spectators) (one mortality due to head injury due to fall at stadium)

Summary 小结 • Patients Patients 病人病人 ::

– 56.7 / game56.7 / game 场场 , 1.34 / 1,000 spectator, 1.34 / 1,000 spectator 观众观众• SeveritySeverity 严重程度：严重程度： mild mild 轻为主 轻为主 (98.7%) (98.7%)

2008 Beijing Olympic Games2008 北京奥林匹克大赛

Information for Medical Planning医疗计划所需要的信息

• Type of events 赛事类型• Duration of the events 赛事持续时间• Structure of the venue 比赛地点的建筑结构• Size of crowds 人群的规模• Local medical facilities 当地医疗设施

Type of Event 赛事类型

• A total of 28 sports will feature on the progra

m for the Beijing Games.

北京奥运会总计将有 28 种运动列入计划• These 28 sports are made up of 302 events, co

mprising 165 men’s events, 127 women’s even

ts and 10 mixed events. 这 28 种运动由 302

场赛事组成，包括 165 个男子比赛项目， 127

个女子比赛项目和 10 个混合比赛项目

Duration of Events 赛事持续时间

• Opening date:8 August 2008开始日期： 2008 年 8 月 8 日

• Closing date:24 August 2008结束日期： 2008 年 8 月 24 日

The Venue 比赛地点

• Host City : Beijing

举办城市：北京• Co-host city 合办城市

– Qingdao 青岛 : Sailing 水上航行项目– Hong Kong 香港 : Equestrian 骑马项

目– Tianjing 天津 : Football 足球– Shanghai 上海 : Football 足球– Shenyang 沈阳 : Football 足球– Qinhuangdao 秦皇岛 : Football 足球

Structure of Venue 比赛地点建筑结构

Ticketing

Entrance

Chronology of Major Crowd-Related sports events造成大规模人群聚集的主要运动赛事年表

Year Location Event Cause Deaths Injuries

1964

1971

1985

1985

1985

1985

1989

1994

Lima, Peru

Glasgow, U.K.

Glasgow, U.K.

Bradford, U.K.

Brussels, Belgium

Birmingham, U.K.

Hillsborough, U.K.

Baytown, U.S.A

Football Game

Football Game

Football Game

Football Game

Football Game

Football Game

Football Game

Sports Event

Riot and Panic

Crowd Pressure

Crowd Crush

Stadium Fire

Crowd Panic

Riot

Crowd Craze

Grandstand

collapse

300

66

66

56

39

1

95

1

500

‘100s’

Unknown

200

375

250

400

17

Mass Casualty Incidents 人群意外伤亡事件

• Definition 定义– Situations overwhelming the capacity of medical care b

y the medical personnel staffed inside of the stadium 大幅超出运动场内医疗人员进行医疗救助的能力范围。

• Medical help needed 医疗救助需求– From local medical facilities 来自当地医疗设施– Mutual aids from adjacent cities 邻近城市相互援助

Mass Casualties Incidents 人群意外伤亡事件

• Hooliganism/Crowd violence

流氓 / 人群暴力• Crowd surge/panic 人群猛增 / 恐慌• Structural collapse/Fire 建筑的倒塌 / 火• Terror attacks 恐怖袭击

– Bomb blast, biological, chemical

– 炸弹爆炸，生物性的，化学性的• Protestor 抗议者• Transportation accidents 交通事故

Immediate post event phase赛事后续事件处理

• Main sectors involved

有关的主要部分– Police 警察– Fire/Rescue 火灾 / 营救– Medical 医疗

• Main Issues 主要问题– Scene control 场面控制– Triage and Victim care 治疗类选法和照料伤

员– Dispatch and Transportation 分派和交通

• Police department

公安部门– Scene control 场面控制– Criminal evidence collection

– 犯罪证据收集– Evacuation of crowds 人群的撤退– Traffic control 交通管制

• Fire/Rescue 火灾 / 营救– Fire fighting 灭火– Elimination of hazardous material

消除有害材料– Search and rescue 搜索和营救– Scene triage 现场治疗类选– Decontamination of the victims at scene

现场受难者消毒– Transportation of the victims

受难者运输

• Medical sector 医疗部分– Life support at the victims collection point

受伤人员聚集点的生命救助– Secondary triage 次要伤员鉴别分类– Dispatch to appropriate medical facilities

分派适当的医疗设施– Transportation of victims 运输受伤人员– Definitive care at hospital 医院治疗

Public Health concerns 公共卫生影响

• Drinking water 饮用水• Sanitary facilities 卫生设施• Shade or Shelter in adverse weather conditions

恶劣气候时的避难场所

Summary 小结

• Issues for Medical Planning

医疗计划的问题– Type of events 赛事类型– Duration of the events 赛事持续时间– Structure of the venue 比赛地点的建筑结构– Size of crowds 人群的规模– Local medical facilities 当地医疗设施