josh johnson std's 2014 +++ lecture
DESCRIPTION
Josh Johnson DO STD Board Review 2014TRANSCRIPT
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Board Review STD’s (+++) Josh Johnson, PGY III
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Judith says:
• Multiple STD’s frequently occur together
• When an STD is suspected treat for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection
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Chlamydia Trachomatis
• Signs and Symptoms:– Urethritis and cervcitis, watery
• Females 80% asymptomatic– Mucopurlent cervcitis– PID– Can lead to infertility
• Males 50% asymptomatic– Watery discharge
– Treatment• Azithromycin / Doxycycline• Erythromycin in pregnancy• Treat Partners
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Reiters Syndrome
• Reactive arthritis associated with immune response to Chlamydia
• Conjunctivitis• Urethrrits• Asymmetric polyarthrits
• Can’t see, Can’t pee and Can’t climb a tree.
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Lympogranuloma Venereum
• Sub type of Chlamydia (L1 and L3)• Rare in the US• Signs and Symptoms
– Primary• Genital uclers
– Secondary• 7-30 days after ulcers
• Buboes: Unilateral PAINFUL adenopathy
– Treatment• Doxycyline or Erythromycin
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Nisseria Gonorrhea (g- diplo)• 2-8 days after sex
– Men: milky/yellow discharge and dysuria
– Females: asymptomatic , lower
abdominal pain, dysuria, PID–Can get other places
• Eyes• Epididymitis- Orchitis• Anus• Throat• Bartholonian Cyst• Disseminated
– Treatment• Ceftriaxone (no FQ)
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Disseminated Gonococcal Infection
• Rash– Hemorrhagic pustules on erythematous
base• Bactermemia
– Meningitis, endocarditits• Oligoarticular arthritis
• Knees most common
• Tenosynovits• ADMIT IV ABX
– And treat partner
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Trichomoniasis
• Protozoan• Female
– Itchy, foul odor, yellow green (rarely)
– Vaginal pH>4.5– Strawberry cervix
• Wetmount• Avoid sex for 1 week after
abx• Metronidazole 2gm x 1
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Syphylis (Treponema pallidum)
• Primary:– Painless genital chancre– Heals in 4-8 weeks – VDRL not helpful yet…
• Secondary:– 2-10 weeks later– Rash (palms/soles), CNS, Liver… anything
• Tertiary– Years later– Granulomatous lesions, meningitis, dementia,
tabes dorsalis and thoracic aneurysm
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– Tabes Dorsalis (syphilitic myelopathy• Demylenation of dorsal columns of spinal cord• Loss of vibration, 2 point touch and ataxia
• Diagnosis• VDRL or RPR• Confirm with a FTA-ABS
• Treatment– PCN 2.4 million units – Possibity Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction:
• Spirochetes die in mass quantities • Fevers, rigors, hypotension
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Chancroid• Developing countries• Haemophilus Ducreyi• PAINFUL genital ulcers and PAINFUL
lymphadenitis • Look for other STD’s (herpes and
syphilis• Treatment
– Azithro– Ceftriaxone– Ciprofloxacin– Erythromycin
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Polymicrobal• Risk factors• Signs/symptoms
– Lower abdominal pain– Cervical motion tenderness– Fever
• Complications– Infertility– Ectopic pregnancy
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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
• Inflammation of the hepatic capsule and diaphragm:
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Herpes Simplex Virus
• ~25% have it• Transmitted via direct contact • Painful shallow ulcers or vesicles• Shedding can occur in asymptomatic patients
• Lives in your spinal cord for life• Brought out by stress• Dx clinical or by PCR
– Old school Tzanck smear
• Treat with Acyc- Famci- or Valacyclovir
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Botulism • Botulinum toxin inhibits acetylcholine
release at neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis
• Three main presentations of botulism: – 1) foodborne (canned foods, honey)– 2) infant (most common)– 3) wound (IV drug user, dirty wounds)
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• D's of botulism: diplopia, droopy eyes (ptosis) dilated pupils, dry mouth, dysphonia, dysarthria
• Botulism treatment: botulinum antitoxin from CDC, consider early intubation, supportive care
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Anthrax
• Endospores (Gram + rods)• No Human-Human Spread• Weapons of mass destruction• 3 types
– Intestinal and oropharyngeal– Cutaneous – Pulmonary
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anthrax• Cutaneous
– Puritic but not painful
– Animal hair/wool/hide exposure
– tx Doxy, cipro• Intestinal (rarest)
– Dysentery – ~60% mortality
• Pulmonary• Wide mediastium• No infiltrates • 100% mortality if not
treated in 24 hours• Tx with Floroquinlones
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Diptheria (Corynebacterium diptheriae)
• Humans via Respirations• Diptheritic membrane
– Pseudomembrane– Bleeds when scraped– Smells like “wet mouse”
• Endotoxin– Produces membrane– Hemotogenous spread
• Myocarditis (2/3) and neuropathies (descending)
• TX: PCN or erythromycin– Booster to all contacts