judaism, christianity, islam, hinduism, buddhism
TRANSCRIPT
WORLD RELIGIONSJudaism, Christianity, Islam,
Hinduism, Buddhism
Judaism Torah: first five books of Hebrew bible
Christians consider them part of Old Testament
Abraham: father of Hebrew people Shepherd from Ur, Mesopotamia, led families
& their herds to Canaan (Palestine), the land God promised to Hebrew people
Yahweh: only Hebrew God, monotheism Covenant: Abraham promised to obey
Yahweh & he agrees to protect Abraham & his descendants
Jewish History
Migrated to Egypt, honored at first but eventually enslaved as Pharoah felt threatened
Exodus: fled in 1300-1200 B.C. led by Moses
Ten Commandments: brought by Moses, written by Yahweh
Important to study scriptures & live accordingly
Jewish homeland
Israel: united & formed under Saul, David & Solomon
Kingdom divides: Israel (No) & Judah (So.) in 922 B.C.
Attacked by Assyrians & Babylonians Jerusalem falls in 586 B.C.
Exiled to Babylon but Ezekiel urges Jews to keep religion in foreign land
Cyrus the Great returns Jews to Israel in 539 B.C.
Diaspora
Come under Roman rule but rebel in A.D. 66
Romans destroy Jerusalem and Jews driven from their land in exile
Dispersal of Jews throughout Europe known as Diaspora
No political state or homeland existed until Israel is created in 1948 after World War II
Rosh Hashanah
Day of Remembrance God judges each person individually
according to his/her deeds, and makes a decree for the following year
Yom Kippur Holiest day of the year Day of Atonement Through prayer and complete fasting –
abstinence from all food and drink (including water)
Bathing, wearing perfume or cologne, wearing leather shoes, sexual relations prohibited on Yom Kippur all designed to ensure attention is completely and
absolutely focused on the quest for atonement with God.
Hanukkah 8 day festival of lights commemorating the rededication of the
Holy Temple in Jerusalem acted as the figurative "footstool" of God’s
presence Symbolized by Menorah
Christianity
Jesus: born in Bethlehem in Judea~ 4-6 B.C., raised in Nazareth (northern Palestine).
Carpenter, began public ministry at 30 Teachings similar to Judaism:
Monotheistic, 10 commandments Preached good, forgiveness & personal
relationship with God Apostles: 12 disciples & followers of Jesus
Jesus’ Death
Becomes very popular, viewed as Messiah
Judea controlled by Romans & Roman Governor Pontius Pilate arrests Jesus Defying Roman authority Sentenced to death, body placed in tomb Appears three days later to his followers then
ascends to heaven His teachings spread after death
Spread of Christianity
Paul: Jew that sees vision of Jesus & spends rest of his life spreading his teachings
Romans persecute Christians They refuse to honor Roman gods Are blamed for economic & political troubles Many killed, crucified, killed by wild animals,
became known as martyrs
Overcomes persecution Christianity grows because:
Embraced all people Gave hope to the powerless Appealed to those who deterred imperial Rome Offered personal relationship with a loving God Promised eternal life after death
Constantinople, Roman emperor accepts Christianity & credits it in military victory Approves it as a religion Made official religion of Rome in 380 A.D. by
Theodosius
New Testament Debates occur about beliefs, New
Testament created to end conflicts Contains: four Gospels, Epistles of Paul Added to the Hebrew Bible (Christians
refer to as Old Testament)
Christian LeadershipPriest: leader of the Church Bishop: Priest who supervises several
churches Pope: head of Christian Church
Islam Monotheistic religion that develops in Arabia
in 7th Century Mecca: location of Ka’aba, a religious shrine
Religious pilgrims came from all over to worship Many Christians & Jews live in Arabia &
Mecca and they believe in one God In Arabic, the belief in one God is called “Allah”
Islam Muhammad
born in Mecca At age 40 spoken to by an angel, Gabriel taught others Allah was only God, abandon
other gods Believed by Muslims to be God’s last &
greatest prophet Leads Hijrah: move from Mecca to Medina in
622 Returns to Mecca in 630, destroys idols in
Ka’aba Meccans pledge loyalty to Muhammad &
convert to Islam
Islam
In Arabic, Islam means “submission to the will of Allah”
Muslim means “one who has submitted” Qur’an: holy book of the Muslims.
Revelations Muhammad received from angel Gabriel
Sunna: Muhammad’s example for proper living
Imam: the worship leader of a mosque and the Muslim community.
5 Pillars of Islam
1. Faith: “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
2. Prayer: 5 X a day, face towards Mecca, at mosque, Islamic house of worship or wherever
3. Alms: responsibility to support less fortunate. Give alms (money for poor) through religious tax
4. Fasting: during Ramadan, from dawn to sunset*spiritual needs greater physical needs5. Pilgrimage: hajj to Mecca all Muslims must take
Links to Judaism & Christianity
Allah is same God (just different name) that is worshiped
Muslims view Jesus as a prophet not son of God
All three believe in heaven and hell, and a day of judgment
All three trace ancestry to Abraham
Ramadan No eating, drinking, smoking or sexual
relations during sunset to sundown 9th month of Muslim calendar, when Quran
was sent down from heaven Fast ends with meal & prayer at sunset The good that is acquired through the fast
can be destroyed by a bad deed (greed, theft, slander, etc.)
2012: Began on July 20, lasted for 30 days Photos:http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2012/07/ramadan_2012_begins.html
Hinduism Cannot be traced to one founder Religion liberates the soul from
everyday difficulties Recite daily verses from the Vedas
Upanishads: teacher’s comments on the Vedic hymns
Dialogue between teacher & student about liberation
Goal is Moksha: release from cycle of birth, death and birth again (reincarnation)
Hinduism Deity: Brahman, personality of three gods
Brahma (creator), Vishnu (protector), Shiva (destroyer)
Caste system controls of a person’s life Who to eat or talk with, dress, what to eat,
cleanliness Birthplace was a result of karma earned
from previous life Hindus today can choose any deity or none Religious leader is Guru Place of worship is home Diwali: religious holiday, “festival of lights”
Buddhism Originated in India but never a significant
religion More prominent in SE Asia
Founded by Siddhartha Special at birth, kept inside palace until 29 Spends adult life searching for religious truth
& end suffering Six years in Indian forests seeking
enlightenment Became known as Buddha
After he concludes to the cause of human suffering
Four Noble Truths
1. Life is filled with suffering and sorrow2. The cause of all suffering is people’s
selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world
3. The way to end all suffering is to end all desires
4. The way to overcome such desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, which is called the Middle Way between desires and self-denial.
Eightfold Path
Right Views
Right Resolve
Right Speech
Right conduct
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Eightfold Path Nirvana
• Buddhists seeking enlightenment must master one step at a time.
• This would occur over many lifetimes• Buddhists also believe in reincarnation
• By following eightfold path, you could reach Nirvana• The release from selfishness and pain
• Pray daily and follow texts from the Tripitaka
BuddhismMonks & Nuns
Took vows to live a life of poverty, nonviolent and not marry
Spread Buddha’s teaching in the streets of India, carried begging bowl for daily charity offerings
Retreated to caves in rainy season These caves developed into Monasteries
Trade helped spread Buddhism to Sri Lanka,
Burma, Thailand, China, Korea, Japan
Religion Judaism Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism
Deity
Followers
Text
Place of worship
Prophet
Religious Leader
Sabbath
Location Started
Holiday
Current Geographic Location(s)/countries where it exists
Additional/extra information