ii

Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;

Mrpupau; topfhl;bMrpupau; topfhl;bMrpupau; topfhl;bMrpupau; topfhl;bMrpupau; topfhl;b

juk; 09juk; 09juk; 09juk; 09juk; 09(2018 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)(2018 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)(2018 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)(2018 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)(2018 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)

r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw

nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

k`ufkk`ufkk`ufkk`ufkk`ufk

,yq;if,yq;if,yq;if,yq;if,yq;if

,izaj;jsk;: ,izaj;jsk;: ,izaj;jsk;: ,izaj;jsk;: ,izaj;jsk;: www.nie.lk kpd;dQ;ry; : kpd;dQ;ry; : kpd;dQ;ry; : kpd;dQ;ry; : kpd;dQ;ry; : info@nie.lk

ii

Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;

juk; - 09

Mrpupau; topfhl;b

Kjw; gjpg;G: 2015

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

ISBN

r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw

nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

= yq;fh

,izaj;jsk; : www.nie.lk

kpd;dQ;ry;: info@nie.lk

gjpg ;Ggjpg ;Ggjpg ;Ggjpg ;Ggjpg ;G :::::

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

iii

gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jpgzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jpgzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jpgzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jpgzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jp

2007 Mk; Mz;L eilKiwapypUe;j> cs;slf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

ghltpjhdj;ij etPdg;gLj;jp> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;> Muk;g> ,ilepiy fy;tpg;

gug;Gfspd; vl;L tUl Row;rp Kiwahd> Gjpa Njrpakl;lg; ghltpjhdj;jpd;

Kjy; ghfj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FOtpdhy;

Kd;nkhopag;gl;l Njrpa fy;tp ,yf;Ffis mbg;gil Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L> ,J

nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; nghJj; Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;J te;jJ.

gy;NtWgl;l fy;tpahsu;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;TfspdJk;> fUj;Jf;

fspdJk; nghUj;jg;ghl;Lld; gFj;jwpT thjj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

ghltpjhdk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjd; njhlu;r;rpahfg; ghltpjhdr; Row;rpapd;

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tUfpd;wJ.

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tsu;j;njLg;gjw;fhf> fPopUe;J Nky;Nehf;fpa eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; mZFKiw

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. xNu ghlj;jpd; cs;slf;fj;jpid Vida ghlq;fspYk; kPz;Lk;

ghtpg;gjidf; Fiwg;gjw;fhfTk;> ghlj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fis kl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;>

nraw;gLj;jf;$bajhd khztu; ikag; ghltpjhdk; xd;iw cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpYk;

fpilahd xUq;fpizg;ghdJ nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

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mtrpakhd topfhl;Ljy;fis toq;Ftjw;fhfTk;> jq;fisf; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy;

nraw;ghLfspy; nghUj;jg;ghl;Lld; <LgLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> tFg;giw mstPL

fisAk; kjpg;gPLfisAk; nghUj;jkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjid Nehf;fkhff;

nfhz;L Gjpa Mrpupa topfhl;b E}y;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j topfhl;b.

E}y;fs;> Mrpupaiu xU nghUj;jg;ghLila Mrpupauhf tFg;giwapy; nraw;gl

itf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j topfhl;b E}y;fspD}lhf> Mrpupau;fs; jq;fs; khztu;fspd;

Nju;r;rpfis tsu;j;njLf;fj; Njitahd ju cs;sPLfisAk;> nraw;ghLfisAk;

jhq;fshfNt njupe;njLf;Fk; Rje;jpuj;jpidAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. tpje;Jiuf;

fg;gl;l ghlg;gug;Gf;fspd; ghupa Rikfs; ,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mjyhy;>

,g;Gjpa Mrpupa topfhl;b E}y;fs; KOg;gad;ghL cilaitahtjw;F> fy;tp

ntspaPl;lhsu;fspdhy;; ntspaplg;gLk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ghl E}y;fspd; cr;rg;gad;

ghl;bidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ.

iv

,g;Gjpa gFj;jwpTthj ghltpjhdj;jpdJk;> Gjpa Mrpupa topfhl;b E}y;fs;>

Gjpa ghlE}y;fspdJk; mbg;gilf; Fwpf;Nfhs;> khztu;fis Mrpupa ikaf;

fy;tpapypUe;J tpLtpj;J> nraw;ghLfSld; $ba khztu; ikaf;fy;tpapid

eilKiwg;gLj;jf;$ba fy;tp Kiwikapdhy;> g+Nfhs njhopy; re;ijfSf;Fj;

Njitahd Nju;r;rpfSk; jpwd;fSk; kpf;f kdpj tsj;jpid toq;ff;$ba khztu;

fspd; vz;zpf;ifapid tpUj;jp nra;af;$bajhapUj;jNyahFk;.

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mYty;fs; rigapd; mq;fj;jtu;fSf;Fk;> ,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b E}ypd;

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tho;j;Jf;fisAk; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

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kfufk.kfufk.kfufk.kfufk.kfufk.

v

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trjp nra;Nthu; Nghd;witnay;yhk; ,t;tifapNyNa fy;tpj;Jiwapy; Nru;e;J

nfhs;fpd;wd.

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ce;Jjyspg;gjw;fhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;s Mrpupau; topfhl;bia Mrpupau;fs;

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ghlE}Yf;Fj; Jizahf mikAk; XU rhjdkhd ,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b

kw;WnkhU ghlE}y; md;W vd;gij mwpe;J ghlE}y;> Mrpupau; topfhl;b Mfpa

,uz;ilAk; Mrpupau;fs; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

me;je;jg; ghlj;jpd; milT njhlu;ghf kjpg;gPL elj;Jk;> Njrpa kl;lg; guPl;rfu;fshy;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; milTfis> khztu;fs; mile;Js;sduh vd;gJ gw;wpg;

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,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b mika Ntz;Lnkdg; gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.

gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

vi

fiyj;jpl;lf;FOfiyj;jpl;lf;FOfiyj;jpl;lf;FOfiyj;jpl;lf;FOfiyj;jpl;lf;FO

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Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

ghl xUq;fpizg;Gghl xUq;fpizg;Gghl xUq;fpizg;Gghl xUq;fpizg;Gghl xUq;fpizg;GjpUkjp. vk;.gp. uQ;rdp jdtu;j;jd gzpg;ghsu;> r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw

ghl epGzj;Jtg; gq;fspg;Gghl epGzj;Jtg; gq;fspg;Gghl epGzj;Jtg; gq;fspg;Gghl epGzj;Jtg; gq;fspg;Gghl epGzj;Jtg; gq;fspg;Gjifrhu; Nguhrpupau; vk;.vk;.fUzhehaf;f - = [atu;j;jdGu gy;fiyf;fofk;jifrhu; Nguhrpupau; vd;.Nf. jq;fy;y - fsdp gy;fiyf;fofk;

vOj;jhsu; FO (ntspthup)vOj;jhsu; FO (ntspthup)vOj;jhsu; FO (ntspthup)vOj;jhsu; FO (ntspthup)vOj;jhsu; FO (ntspthup)jpUkjp. ee;jdp &grpq;` gpujp Mizahsu;> fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;

jpU. Mu;.gp.gPup]; Kd;dhs; Nkyjpfg; guPl;irfs; Mizahsu;

jpU. vk;.Nf. fpq;];yp gpupae;j tpupTiuahsu;> cUFiz Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}upjpU. v];.vk; jahde;j Kd;dhs; nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup - Nj.f.epjpU. <.vk;. etuj;d gz;lh Mrpupa MNyhrfu;> tyaf; fy;tpf; fhupahyak;>

nfgpjpnfhy;yhtjpU. N[.V.gP. `Pd;nfe;j Mrpupa MNyhrfu;> tyaf; fy;tpf; fhupahyak;>

fz;b

jpUkjp. lg;spa+. ty;gplNf Mrpupa MNyhrfu;> tyaf; fy;tpf; fhupahyak;>n`huz

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gpypae;jyjpU. Nf.Nf.a+. Fzuj;d Mrpupau;> nghy;ghnfhl> eNthja ghlrhiy>

af;fyKy;y

jpU. [P.lg;spA+.[P.N[. gz;lhu Mrpupau; Nrit> kfhkha tp. mj;JUfpupajpUkjp. vy;.Mu;.Mu;. rpy;th gpujp mjpgu;> Gdpj me;Njhdpau; Njrpa ghlrhiy>

tj;jis

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vii

- cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;

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myF 9.2

myF 9.3

myF 9.4

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iii

iv

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vi

viii

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viii

Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;

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jkJ tPL> ghlrhiy maw;;#oy; Mfpad njhlf;fk; ,yq;if> njw;fhrpah> Mrpah Mfpad njhlu;ghfTk; xl;Lnkhj;j cyfk;njhlu;ghfTk; Gtpapaw; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ghlf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fisAk; Nju;r;rpfisAk; tpUj;jp nra;tNj 6 - 11 Me;ju xl;Lnkhj;jf;fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.

mj;NjhL ,yq;ifapd; Gjpa mgptpUj;jp cj;jpfs;> cyfr; Rw;whly; neUf;fbfs;> fhyepiy khw;wq;fs;> Gjpa Gtpapay;Kiwapay;fs; Mfpad njhlu;ghff; ftdQ;nrYj;jp> Ngz;jF mgp;tpUj;jpf;Fj; (Sustainable Development) Njitahd Mrpupau; -khztu; kdg;ghq;F tpUj;jp Clhf Ngz;jF ngsjpf> r%f> nghUshjhur; #oiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fupa topfhl;ly; ,jd;%yk; toq;fg;gLk;.

,jw;fika> 7 Mk; juj;jpy; ehk; thOk; Gtpf;Nfhsj;jpd; jd;ik> ,yq;ifapd; jdpj;Jtk;> ,yq;ifapd; ,ltpsf;ftpay;>,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fs; kw;Wk; Njrg;glg;gad;ghL Mfpa jiyg;Gfs; rhu;e;j Nju;r;rpfis khztuplj;Nj tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhffw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;KiwapD}lhfr; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;. Fwpg;ghf juk; 6 njhlf;fk; juk; 9 tiuapy; fw;w xl;Lnkhj;jj;jfty;fs; vz;zf;fUf;fs; kPJ 10 Mk; 11 Me; ju ghl vz;zf;fUf;fs; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. Fwpg;ghf f.ngh.j.rhjhuz jug;guPl;irf;fhf 10 Mk; 11 Me; jug; ghlj;jpl;lq;fs; mbg;gilahff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wikahy;> Gtpapay; vz;zf;fUf;fisajhu;j;jG+u;tkhfTk; nra;Kiw uPjpapYk; tpsf;Ftjw;F> MrpupauJ Mf;fj;jpwidg; nghWj;J gy;NtW nra;Kiw cj;jpfisg;nghUj;jkhdthW gad;gLj;Jk; tha;g;G cs;sJ.

2015 Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;j cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,f;fiyj;jpl;lk; rpNu\;l gy;fiyf;fof fy;tpkhd;fs;> Njrpa fy;tp

epWtf Gtpapay; nraw;wpl;l mzpapdu;> fy;tpapahsu;fs; kw;Wk; Mrpupau;fs; MfpNahuJ $l;lhd Kaw;rpapd; ngWNgwhFk;.

Nkw;gb ghlj;jpl;lj;ijj; jahupf;ifapy; Gtpapay; ghlj;jpw;Fupa gpujhd Nju;r;rpfs; gj;Jk; mbg;gilahff; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

mit gpd;tUkhW>

1. jhk; thOk; #oypd; ,ay;G> njhopw;ghLfs; njhlu;gpy; tpsf;fj;Jld; tho;thu;.

2. ngsjpf> khDl epyj;Njhw;wq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s cjTk; mbg;gil vz;zf;fUf;fisAk; Kiwapay;fisAk;

EZfpaha;thu;.

x

3. ngsjpf> khDl epyj; Njhw;wj;jpd; $Wfs;> ,ay;Gfs;> nrad;Kiwfs; njhlu;ghd tpsf;fj;Jld; nraw;gLthu;.

4. ngsjpf> khDl nrad;Kiwfspd; ,ilj;njhopw;ghLfs; ngsjpf> khDlr; #oypd; kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; tpjk;

njhlu;ghd tpsf;fj;Jld; nraw;gLthu;.

5. juTfs;> jfty;fisj; jpul;Ljy;> tpahf;fpahdk; nra;jy;> Kd;itj;jy; Mfpatw;Wf;fhfg; Gtpapay; El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

6. ngsjpf> khDl epyj;Njhw;wj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy;> gFj;jha;jy;> tpahf;fpahdQ; nra;jy; Mfpatw;Wf;F KOik

mZFKiwiag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

7. ngsjpf> khDl epyj;Njhw;wj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; NgZtjw;Fk; cjTk; kdg;ghq;FfSlDk; cWj;Jzu;TlDk; nraw;gLthu;.

8. ,aw;iff;Fk; r%fj;Jf;Fk; ,ilNa ,zf;fkhd ,ilj;njhlu;ig Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; Gtp kw;Wk; mjpy; tho;Nthu; gw;wpa

rpwe;j tpsf;fj;Jld; nraw;gLthu;.

9. tho;f;ifapd; rthy;kpf;f re;ju;g;gq;fis ntw;wpnfhs;s cjtj;jf;f rpwg;ghd capu;fhg;Gj; jpwd;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

10. NtiyAyFld; ,zf;fkhd gq;Fgw;wYf;Fj; Njitahd gapw;rpiag; ngWthu;.

xi

Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;

Njrpa fy;tp KiwikahdJ jdpegu;f;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd ngUk;ghyhd Njrpa ,yf;Ffis miltjw;Fj; jdpegu;fSf;Fk;

FOtpdUf;Fk; cjtp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; ngUk;ghyhdfy;tp mwpf;iffSk; Mtzq;fSk; jdpegu; NjitfisAk; Njrpa NjitfisAk; epiwT

nra;tjw;fhf ,yf;Ffis epu;zapj;Js;sd. rkfhy fy;tp mikg;GfspYk; nrad;KiwfspYk; ntspg;gilahff; fhzg;gLk; gytPdq;fs;

fhuzkhf epiyNgWila kdpj tpUj;jpapd; vz;zf;fU jpl;l tuk;gpDs; fy;tpapD}lhf milaf; $ba gpd;tUk; ,yf;Fj; njhFjpapid

Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO ,dq;fz;Ls;sJ.

1. kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; vDk; vz;zfUTf;Fs; Njrpag;gpizg;G> Njrpa KOik> Njrpa xw;Wik> ,zf;fk;> rkhjhdk;

vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;jy; %yk;> ,yq;ifg; gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd; fyhrhu NtWghl;bid mq;fPfhpj;jy; %yKk; Njrj;ijf; fl;b

vOg;GjYk; ,yq;ifaH vDk; milahsj;ij Vw;gLj;jYk;.

2. khw;wKWk; cyfj;jpd; rthy;fSf;Fj; jf;fthW Kfq;nfhLj;jNyhL Njrpa ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; mjp rpwe;j mk;rq;fis mq;fPfhpj;jYk;

NgZjYk;.

3. kdpj chpikfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;> flikfs;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; gw;wpa tpopg;GzHT> xUtH kPJ xUtH nfhz;Ls;s Mo;e;j> ,ilawhj

mf;fiwAzHT> vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jk; r%f ePjpAk; [dehaf tho;f;ifKiw epakq;fSk; cs;slq;fpa Rw;whliy cUthf;FjYk;

Mjhpj;jYk;.

4. xUtuJ cs> cly; eyidAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspg;gij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l epiyNgWila tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;ijAk;

Nkk;gLj;jy;

5. ed;F xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l rkepiy MSikf;Fhpa Mf;f rpe;jid> jw;WzpG> Ma;e;J rpe;jpj;jy;> nghWg;G> tif$wy; kw;Wk; cld;ghlhd

mk;rq;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

6. jdpeguJk; Njrj;jpdJk; tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; Ngh~pf;ff; $baJk; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspf;ff; $baJkhd

Mf;fg; gzpfSf;fhd fy;tpA+l;Ltjd; %yk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jy;.

7. jdpegHfspd; khw;wj;jpw;F Vw;g ,zq;fp thoTk;> khw;wj;ij Kfhik nra;aTk; jahHgLj;jTk; tpiuthf khwptUk; cyfpy;

rpf;fyhdJk;> vjpHghuhjJkhd epiyikfisr; rkhspf;Fk; jifikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

8. ePjp> rkj;Jtk;> gu];gu khpahij vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rHtNjr rKjhaj;jpy; nfsutkhdNjhH ,lj;ijg; ngWtjw;Fg;

gq;fspf;ff; $ba kdg;ghq;FfisAk; jpwd;fisAk; tsHj;jy;.

(%yk; Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO mwpf;if 2003)

xii

mbg ; gilj ; NjHr ; r pfs ;mbg ; gilj ; NjHr ; r pfs ;mbg ; gilj ; NjHr ; r pfs ;mbg ; gilj ; NjHr ; r pfs ;mbg ; gilj ; NjHr ; r pfs ;

fy;tpapD}lhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; gpd;tUk; mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs; Nkw;Fwpj;j Njrpa ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F toptFf;Fk;.

1 . njhlHghly; NjHr;rpfs;

njhlu;ghly; gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs; ehd;F Jizj; njhFjpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. vOj;jwpT> vz;zwpT> rpj;jpu mwpT>

jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik.

vOj;jwpT: ftdkhfr; nrtpkLj;jy;> njspthfg; NgRjy;> fUj;jwpa thrpj;jy;> rupahfTk;> nrk;ikahfTk;

vOJjy;> gad;jUtifahd fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;

vz;zwpT: nghUs;> ,lk;> fhyk; vd;gtw;Wf;F vz;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;> vz;Zjy;> fzpj;jy;> xOq;F

Kiwahf msj;jy;

r pj ;j pu mwpT: NfhL> cUtk; vd;gtw;wpd; fUj;ij mwpjy;> tpguq;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs;> vz;zq;fs; Mfpatw;iwf;

NfhL> cUtk;> tu;zk; vd;gtw;why; ntspg;gLj;jYk; gjpT nra;jYk;

jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik: fzpdp mwpT> fw ;wypy ; > njho py ; Rw ;whlypy ; > nrhe ;j tho ;t py ; jfty; njhlu ;ghly ;

njhopDl;gq;fisg; (ICT) gad;gLj;jy;.

2 . MSik tpUj;jp njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;

- Mf;fk;> tpupe ;j rpe ;jid> jw;WzpG> jPu ;khdk; vLj;jy;> gpur ;rpid tpLtpj;jy;> EZf;fkhd kw;Wk; gFg;gha;Tr;

rpe;jid> mzpapduhfg; gzp nra;jy;> jdpahs; ,iltpidj; njhlu;Gfs;> fz;L gpbj;jYk; fz;lwpjYk; Kjyhd jpwikfs;.

- Neu;ik> rfpg;Gj;jd;ik> kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; Mfpa tpOkpaq;fs;

- kd vOr;rpfs;> Ez;zwpT

3 . #oy; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;

,j;Nju;r;rpfs; #oNyhL njhlu;GWfpd;wd. r%fk;> capupay;> ngsjpfk;

r%fr; #oy;: Njrpa ghuk;gupak; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T> gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd; mq;fj;jtu;fs; vd;w tifapy; njhlu;GWk;

Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk;> gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLk; ePjp> r%fj; njhlu;Gfs;> jdpegu; elj;ijfs;> nghJthdJk;

rl;lG+u ;tkhdJkhd rk;gpujhaq;fs;> cupikfs;> nghWg;Gf;fs;> flikfs;> flg;ghLfs; vd;gtw;wpy;

mf;fiwAk;

capupay; #oy;: thOk; cyF> kf;fs;> capupay;> #oy; njhFjp - kuq;fs;> fhLfs;> fly;> ePu;> tsp> capupd jhtuk;>

tpyq;F> kdpj tho;T

ngsjpfr; #oy;: ,lk;> rf;jp> vupnghUs;> rlg;nghUs;> nghUs;fs; gw;wpAk; mit kdpj tho;f;if> czT> cil> ciwAs;>

Rfhjhuk;> nrsfupak;> Rthrk;> epj;jpiu> ,isg;ghWjy;> Xa;T> fopTfs;> capupd fopTg; nghUl;fs;

Mfpatw;Wld; nfhz;Ls;s njhlu;G gw;wpa tpopg;gzu;Tk;> Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk; fw;wYf;Fk; Ntiy

nra;tjw ;Fk ; > tho ;tjw ;Fk ; fUtpfisAk; njhopDl;gq ;fisAk; gad;gLj ;Jk ; jpwd;fSk; ,q;F

cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

4 . Ntiy cyfj;jpw;Fj; jahH nra;jy; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;

mtu;fsJ rf;jpia cr;r epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;Fk; mtu;fsJ Mw;wiyg; Ngh~pg;gjw;Fk; Ntz;ba njhopy;rhu; jpwd;fs;.

nghUshjhu tpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspj;jy;

mtu;fsJ njhopy; tpUg;GfisAk; csr;rhu;GfisAk; fz;lwpjy;

xiii

xiv

Gtpapay; ghlj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;Gtpapay; ghlj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;Gtpapay; ghlj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;Gtpapay; ghlj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;Gtpapay; ghlj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;

1. ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl jiuj;Njhw;w mk;rq;fs;> ,ay;Gfs; kw;Wk; njhopw;ghLfs; njhlu;gpy; tpsf;fj;Jld; nraw;gly;

2. ,aw;iff;Fk; r%fj;Jf;Fkpilapyhd ,ilj;njhlu;GfisAk; mjd; Nghf;Ffs; kw;Wk; njhopw;ghLfs; ,lk; kw;Wk; rkfhy

cz;ikfisf; fw;wy;

3. jfty; kw;Wk; juTfisr; Nrfupj;jy;> nghUs; tpsf;fk; nra;jy; kw;Wk; Kd;itj;jYf;fhf Gtpapay; El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F

gapw;wg;gly;

4. jhk; thOk; cyfpd; gy;tifikia tpsq;fpf; nfhz;L xt;nthUtUlDk; #oYlDk; rftho;it Nkw;nfhs;sg; gapw;wg;gly;

5. ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl jiuj;Njhw;wj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; guhkupg;gjw;Fk; cjTk; Neuhd kdg;ghq;if tsu;j;jy;

6. tho;tpd; rthy; kpf;f re;ju;g;gq;fis ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;F cjTk; rpwg;ghd capu;fhg;Gj; jpwd;fis tsu;j;jy;

7. NtiyAyfpy; KOikahfg; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;Fj; Njitahd jpwd;fis tsu;j;jy;

xv

ghl

Ntisfs;Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ghl cs;slf;fk; fw;ww;NgWfs;

xv

i

Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;

181818181802

08

08

9.19.19.19.19.1 ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl

epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; $W

fspd; ,ay;Gfs; kw;Wk;

nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;gpy;

guprPyid nra;thu;.

9.1 Mr pa g puhe ;j paj ;j pd ;

ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl epyj;

Njhw;wj;jpd; ,ay;gpid

EZfpahuha;thu;.

9.1.1 Mrpa gpuhe;jpak;

• Gtpapay; uPjpahd

mikT

• cyfpd; rpwg;ghd

tyakhf Mrpa

tyak;

9.1.2 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd;

ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk;

• jiuj;Njhw;w NtW

ghL

• tbfhyikg;G

• fhyepiy

• jhtuq;fSk; tpyq;

FfSk;

9.1.3 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd;

khdpl epyj;Njhw;wk;.

• mwpKfk;

• kdpj ehfuPfq;fSk;

Gtpapay; uPjpahd

juk; - 09juk; - 09juk; - 09juk; - 09juk; - 09

ghl

Ntisfs;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ghl cs;slf;fk; fw;ww;NgWfs;

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd;

Gtpapay; uPjpahd mik

tpid tpgupg;ghu;.

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd;

rpwg;gpid tpsf;Fthu;.

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd;

jiuj;Njhw;w NtWghL

fis Njrg ;glj ;j pd ;

JizAld; tpgupg;ghu;.

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; tb

fhyikg;gpid Njrg;

glj ;j pd ; cjtpAld;

tpgupg;ghu;.

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; fhy

e piy> jhtuq ;fs ; >

tpyq;Ffs; gw;wpj; Njrg;

glj;jpd; JizAld;

tpgupg;ghu;.

• Mrpah kdpj ehfuPfq;fs;

gytw;wpd; Njhw;Wtha;

vd;gij cjhuzq;f@

lhf tpsf;Fthu;.

xv

ii

ghl

Ntisfs;Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ghl cs;slf;fk; fw;ww;NgWfs;

9.2 ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf

kw ;Wk ; khdpl e pyj ;

Njhw;wj;jpd; jd;ikapid

EZfpaha;thu;.

njhlu;GfSk;

• gy ;NtW khd pl

epyj;Njhw;wq;fs;

• rdj;njhifg; guk;

gy;

• rdj;njhif $ba>

Fiwe ;j (r Pdh >

ghfp];jhd;)

• nghUshjhu el

tbf;iffs;

• ifj;njhopy;

• tptrha

• Nrit

([g;ghd;> ghfp];

jhd;> Jgha;)

9.2.1 ,yq;ifapd; khdpl

epyj;Njhw;wk;> khdpl

e pyj ; Njhw ; wj ; j pd ;

gpujhd $Wfs;

• jiuj;Njhw;w NtW

ghLfs;

• tbfhyikg;G

• fhyepiy

• ,aw;ifj; jhtu

tyaq;fs;

9 .29.29.29.29.2 jhk; thOk; #oypd;

jdpik kw;Wk; nraw;

ghLfs ; njhlu ;g py ;

tpsf;fj;Jld; tho;thu;.

• Mrpahtpd; khdplg; gy;

tifikf;F mbg;gil

ahf mike;j fhuzp

fis guprPypg;ghu;.

• Mrpahtpd; rdj;njhif

guk;gypd; rkepiyapid

cjhuzq;fs; %yk;

tpsf;Fthu;.

• Mrpahtpd; nghUshjhu

nraw;ghLfis cjhuz

q;f@lhf EZfpaha;

thu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; khdpl

epyj;Njhw;wj;jpid Njrg;

glq;fs; kw;Wk; cUtg;

glq;fspd; JizAld;

tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; tbfhy

ikg;gpid cjhuzq;fs;

%yk; tpgupg;ghu;.

• ,yq ;ifa pd ; fhy

epiyapd; gz;Gfis

tpsf;Fthu;.

141414141408

ghl

Ntisfs;Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ghl cs;slf;fk; fw;ww;NgWfs;

xv

iii

9.2.2 ,yq;ifapd; khdpl

epyj;Njhw;wk;

• khdpl epyj;Njhw;w

j;jpd; $Wfs;

• rdj;njhif (gU

kd;> fl;likg;G>

mlu;j;jp> guk;gy;>

tsu ;r ;r p Ntfk ; >

vd;gd gw;wp RUf;f

khf Fwpg;gpLf.)

• nghUshjhu eltb

f;iffs;

(Muk ; g e piy>

,uz;lhk; epiy>

%d;whk; epiy)

9.2.3 ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf

e pyj ; Njhw ; wq ;fs ; >

khdpl nraw;ghLfspy;

nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk;

• ,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;

jhtu tyaq ;fspd ;

g pujhd ,ay;Gfis

gz;Gfis fye;Jiuah

Lthu;.

• rpwpa jPthdhYk; ,yq;

ifapYs;s ngsjpf

gy;tifapd; rpwg;gpid

nkr;Rthu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; khdpl

epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; jd;

ikia tpgupg;ghu;.

• ngsjpf epyj; Njhw;wq;

fs; kw;Wk; khdpl nraw;

ghLfSf ;f pila pyhd

,i l j ; n j h l u ; g p i d

tpgupg;ghu;.

02

02

xix

ghl

Ntisfs;Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ghl cs;slf;fk; fw;ww;NgWfs;

t pjk ; (t ptrhak ;

kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy;

fs ; > njhlu ; g hd

cjhuzq;f@lhf.)

9.2.4 ,yq;ifapd; khdpl

nraw;ghLfs; ngsjpf

epyj;Njhw;wq;fspy;

nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk;

tpjk;.

9.3.1 ,yq;ifapd; mgptpU

j;jpapd; ntsprhu;e;j

khw;wq;fs;

• mgptpUj;jpAk; ntsp

rhu;e ;j NtWghL

fSk;.

• mg pt pUj ; j p a pd ;

ntsprhu;e;j NtW

ghLfisf; fhl;Lk;

Rl;bfs;

• jdpegu; tUkhdk;

• rpR kuz tPjk;

• gpwg;gpd; Nghjd

MAs; vjpu;ghu;g;G

• vOj;jwpTk; fy;tp

kl;lKk;

9 .39.39.39.39.3 ngsjPf kw;Wk; khdpl

nraw;ghLfspd; ,ilj;

njhlu;Gfs;> ngsjpf

kw;Wk; khdplr; #oypy;

nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk;

tpjk; njhlu;gpy; tpsf;

fj;Jld; nraw;gLthu;.

9.3 ,yq;ifapy; mgptpUj;jpapd;

ntsprhu;e;j khw;wq;fis

EZfpaha;thu;.

02

1 01 0101010• mgptpUj;jpapy; ntsp

rhu;e;j khw;wq;fs; vd;

gij tpsf;Fthu;.

• mgptpUj;jpia msf;Fk;

Rl;bfis tpgupg;ghu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jp

apid Rl;bfs; %yk;

,yq;if njhlu ;g py ;

nts p g ; gLj ; j g ; gLk ;

jfty;fisg; glj;jpd;

cjtpAld; tpsf;Fthu;.

ghl

Ntisfs;Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ghl cs;slf;fk; fw;ww;NgWfs;

xx9.4 ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl

#oiy rke piyahfg ;

Ngzpf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; gq;

fspg;ghu;.

(tiutpyf;fzk;

kl;Lk;)

(Rl;bfs; %yk;

fhl;lg;gLk; juT

fisg; glq;fspd;

Clhf ntspg ;

gLj ; j p nts p

rhu;e;j NtWghL

fis tpsf ;F

thu;.

9.4.1 #oy; rkepiy mwpKfk;

• #oy; rkepiyiarPu;Fiyf;Fk; fhuzpfs;

• #oy ; rke piyg h j p g ; G W t j d ;fhuzkhf Vw;gLk;

ghjpg;Gf;fs;• #oy;rhu ; xOf;f

newpfspd; mtrpa

j;ij mwpe;J nfhs;sy;

• #oy; rkepiyap

idf ; fUj ;j p w ;nfhz;L mgptpUj;jp

apidj; jpl;lkpLthu;.

9 .49.49.49.49.4 ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl

e pyj ; Njhw ; wq ;fis

ghJfhj ;Jf ; nfhs ;

tjw;Fk;> epiyg;gpw;Fk;

cWJizahf mik

Ak; Neu; kdg;ghq;Fld;

ele;J nfhs;thu;.

1 01 01 01010• #oy; fhuzpapid tiu

tpyf;fzk; nra;thu;.• #oy; rkepiyapidg;

NgZtjd; Kf;fpaj;

Jtj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.• #oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiy

tjw;fhd fhuzpfis

tpgupg;ghu;.• #oy; rkepiy ghjpg;GW

tjhy; Vw;gLk; ghjf

tpisTfis EZfpaha;thu;.

• #oy; rhu; xOf;f newp

fis filg;gpbg;gjhy;epiyNgz; mgptpUj;jpf;F toptpLk; vd;gij

xx

i

ghl

Ntisfs;Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ghl cs;slf;fk; fw;ww;NgWfs;

9.59.59.59.59.5 juT kw;Wk; jfty;

fisg ; gFg ; g ha ;T

nra;jy;> tpsf;fkspj;jy;>

Kd;itg;gjw;fhf Gtpap

ay; El;g Kiwfisg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

9.5 Njrg;glnkhd;wpy; fhzg;Lk;

Gtpapay; gz;Gfis tpgupg;

ghu;.

9.5.1 ,yq;ifapd; 1 : 50>000

,ltpsf;ftpay; gl

thrpg;G

• ngsjpf mk;rq;fs;

• gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs;

nray; uPjpahf fhl;L

thu;.

• toq;fg;gl;l 1 : 50>000

,ltpsf;ftpay; glg;

gFjpapd; JizAld;

ngsjpf kw;Wk; gz;ghl;L

mk;rq;fisg; ngaupL

thu;

• toq;fg;gl;l ,yq;if

apd; ,ltpsf;ftpay; glg;

gFjpapYs;s ngsjpf>

khdpl mk;rq;fSf;fpil

apyhd ,ilj; njhlu;

gpid RUf;fkhf tpsf;F

thu;.

1 01 01 01010

1

fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhdfw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhdfw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhdfw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhdfw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhd

mwpTWj;jy;fs;mwpTWj;jy;fs;mwpTWj;jy;fs;mwpTWj;jy;fs;mwpTWj;jy;fs;

2

myF 9 Mrpahtpd; Gtpapay; miktplk;myF 9 Mrpahtpd; Gtpapay; miktplk;myF 9 Mrpahtpd; Gtpapay; miktplk;myF 9 Mrpahtpd; Gtpapay; miktplk;myF 9 Mrpahtpd; Gtpapay; miktplk;

Nju;r;rp 9.0Nju;r;rp 9.0Nju;r;rp 9.0Nju;r;rp 9.0Nju;r;rp 9.0 : -: -: -: -: - ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; $W fspd;

,ay;Gfs; kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;gpy; guprPyid

nra;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; : -: -: -: -: - Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl epyj;

Njhw;wj;jpd; ,ay;gpid EZfpahuha;thu;.

nraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghL : -: -: -: -: - 9.1.19.1.19.1.19.1.19.1.1 Mrpahtpd; Gtpapay; miktplk;

9.1.29.1.29.1.29.1.29.1.2 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ngsjPf jiuj;Njhw;wk;

9.1.39.1.39.1.39.1.39.1.3 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wk;

ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs; : -: -: -: -: - 18

fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs; : -: -: -: -: -

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; Gtpapay; uPjpahd miktpid

tpgupg;ghu;.

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; rpwg;gpid tpsf;Fthu;.

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; jiuj;Njhw;w NtWghLfis

Njrg;glj;jpd; JizAld; tpgupg;ghu;.

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; tb fhyikg;gpid Njrg;glj;jpd;

cjtpAld; tpgupg;ghu;.

• Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; fhy epiy> jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;

gw;wpj; Njrg;glj;jpd; JizAld; tpgupg;ghu;.

• Mrpah kdpj ehfuPfq;fs; gytw;wpd; Njhw;Wtha; vd;gij

cjhuzq;f@lhf tpsf;Fthu;.

• Mrpahtpd; khdplg; gy; tifikf;F mbg;gilahf

mike;j fhuzpfis guprPypg;ghu;.

• Mrpahtpd; rdj;njhif guk;gypd; rkepiyapid

cjhuzq;fs; %yk; tpsf;Fthu;.

• Mrpahtpd; nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfis cjhuzq;

f@lhf EZfpaha;thu;.

ghltplaq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd topfhl;ly;ghltplaq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd topfhl;ly;ghltplaq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd topfhl;ly;ghltplaq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd topfhl;ly;ghltplaq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd topfhl;ly;

• ,yq;if mike;Js;s fz;lkhtJ Mrpah MFk;. mjpy; ngupa ehLfisg;Nghy;

rpwa ehLfs; gyTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mNjNghy; gy;NtW epyj;Njhw;wq;

fisAk; fhzf;$bajhfts;sJ. ngsjPf epyj;Njhw;wk; vdg;gLtJ GtpNkw;gug;G

kPJ ,aw;ifahfNt cUthfpAs;s ngsjPf mk;rq;fshFk;. jiuj;Njhw;w

NtwghLfs; ePu;tbfhy;> fhyepiy> ,aw;ifj;jhtuk; kw;Wk; td [Ptpfs;

ngsjPf epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; $WfshFk;.

3

Mrpah cyfpd; kpfg; ngupa fz;lkhtJld; mjd; fhuzkhf mjd; ngsjpf

epyj;Njhw;wq;fSk; gy;tifik nfhz;ljhFk;. kiyj;njhlu;fs;>

gs;sj;jhf;Ffs;> rkntspfs;> ejpfs;> Vupfs; NghyNt Mrpahtpd; ePu;tbfhy;

fhyeiy ,aw;ifj;jhtuk;> td[Ptpfs; gy;tifik nfhz;litahFk;. ngsjpf

epyj;Njhw;wk; khdpl eltbf;iffs; kPJk; gy;NtW tifapy; jhf;fk;

nrYj;Jfpd;wd. ,J Mrpa tyaj;jpd; tpNrlj;JtkhFk;. gy;NtW

epyj;Njhw;wg;ghLfSf;Nfw;g khdpl epyj;Njhw;wg;ghLk; cUthf;fk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

Mrpahg;gFjp mjd; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; kw;Wk; Mrpahtpd; khdpl

epyj;Njhw;wk; njhlu;ghf fw;gJ ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

• jdp miktplk;jdp miktplk;jdp miktplk;jdp miktplk;jdp miktplk;

njd; mfyhq;F 100 – tl mfyhq;F 800 tiuAk;> nel;lhq;F 250 – nel;lhq;F

1800 tiuAk; gutpf; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

• rhu;G miktplk;rhu;G miktplk;rhu;G miktplk;rhu;G miktplk;rhu;G miktplk;

tlf;fpy; Mu;l;bf; rKj;jpuk;> fpof;fpy; gRgpf; rKj;jpuk;> njw;fpy; ,e;J rKj;jpuk;>

Nkw;fpy; INuhg;ghf; fz;lKk;> nrq;flYk; Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; vy;iyfshf

mike;Js;sijf; fhzyhk;.

• Mrpahf;fz;lk; cyfpd; tpNrl tyakhFk;.Mrpahf;fz;lk; cyfpd; tpNrl tyakhFk;.Mrpahf;fz;lk; cyfpd; tpNrl tyakhFk;.Mrpahf;fz;lk; cyfpd; tpNrl tyakhFk;.Mrpahf;fz;lk; cyfpd; tpNrl tyakhFk;.

– cyfpd; kpfg;gue;j epyg;gug;igf; nfhz;l fz;lkhFk;.

– KO cyf epyj;jpzptpy; 29.5%k; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

– ,jd; gug;gsT 44 kpy;ypad; rJu fpNyh kPw;wu; mstpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

– cyfpy; kpf cau;e;j kiyr;rpfukhd vtnu];Lk;> kpfj; jho;e;j

epyg;gFjpahd rhf;fly; vd;gdTk; mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

– Mrpahf; fz;lkhdJ gy;tifj; jiuj;Njhw;w mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

– cyfpd; mjpfsT kiotPo;r;rpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; rPuhg;g+Q;rp

gpuNjrKk;> Fiwe;j kiotPo;r;rpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; gpuNjrkhd

Nfhgp ghiytdKk; mike;jpUg;gJ Mrpa tyaj;jpyhFk;.

– cyfpYs;s midj;Jf; fhyepiyg; gz;GfisAk; ,t; tyaj;jpy;

fhzyhk;.

(Fspu; fhyepiy> ,il ntg;g fhyepiy> mad fhyepiy> ghiytd

fhyepiy)

– cyfpy; fhzg;gLk; midj;J fhLfSk; ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

(Crpapiyf; fhLfs;> mad tyaf;fhLfs;> kiyf; fhLfs;> ,ilntg;g

tyaf; fhLfs;> Gy;ntspfs;)

– jhtu> tpyq;F gy;tifik fhzg;gLfpd;wik

– cyfpy; thOk; kdpj ,dq;fSs; nkhq;fyapl; kw;Wk; Nfhf;Nfrpau;

Mfpa ,uz;L tu;f;fj;jpdUk; ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

– cyfpy; mjpf rdj;njhif nfhz;l fz;lkhFk;.

4

– ,q;F fhzg;gLk; rdj;njhifahdJ gy;NtWgl;l kdpj tu;f;fj;jpdiuAk;>

gy;NtW kf;fs; gpuptpdiuAk; nfhz;L fhzg;gLfpwJ.

– cyfpy; mjpf rdj;njhif fhzg;gLk; fz;lkhFk;.

– cyfpy; mjpf rdj;njhif fhzg;gLk; ehLfshd rPdh kw;Wk; ,e;jpah

Mrpahf; fz;lj;jpy; mike;Js;sik.

– ngsj;j> fj;Njhypf;f> ,];yhkpa> ,e;J Mfpa gy;tif rkaq;fisg;

gpd;gw;Wk; rdj;njhif tho;jy;.

– kdpjdpd; tho;thjhuk; kw;Wk; nghUshjhuk; vd;gtw;wpy; ,t; tyak;

NtWghLfisf; nfhz;L fhzg;gLfpwJ. tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;> Nrit

vd;gtw;wpy; ,t; NtWghLfisf; fhzyhk;.

– Mrpa gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; 46 ehLfspy; murpay; cWjpapd;ikAk;>

rkak; rhu;e;j gpur;rpidfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

– gy;NtW ,dkf;fs; tho;tjhy; gy;NtW nkhopfs; fhzg;gLjy;

– kf;fs; gy;tifikf;Fs; gy;NtWgl;l fyhrhuq;fisf; fhzf;$bajhf

Ts;sJ.

– rpy ehLfspy; epykhdJ epyj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

vy;iyfisAk;> NtW rpy ehLfspy; fliy vy;iyfshff; nfhz;Lk;

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

– mgptpUj;jpaile;j> mile;J tUfpd;w ehLfs; ,q;F njspthff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

9.1.2 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ngsjPf jiuj;Njhw;wk;9.1.2 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ngsjPf jiuj;Njhw;wk;9.1.2 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ngsjPf jiuj;Njhw;wk;9.1.2 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ngsjPf jiuj;Njhw;wk;9.1.2 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; ngsjPf jiuj;Njhw;wk;

• ngsjPf jiuj;Njhw;w mk;rq;fs;

kiy : Mrpaf;fz;lj;jpDs; cyfpd; gpujhd kiy njhlu;fs; gy

mike;Js;sJ. ,khya kiyj;njhlupYk; kpf cau njhlu;

8848 kPw;wu; caukhd vtnu];l; rpfuk; mike;Js;sJ.

Nkl;Lepyk;: cyfpd; gpujhd epyf;fhl;rpfs; gy Mrpahtpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

gkPu;> jpngj; kw;Wk; nlf;fhs; Nkl;Lepyk; mike;Js;sJ.

rkntspfs;: rpe;J> fq;if> Fthq;Nfh Mfpa Mfpa gue;j rkntspfs;

,t;tyaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

ePu;tbfhy; mikg;G: Mrpahtpd; jiuj;Njhw;wj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

ePu; tbfhy; gy;tif jd;ikAilaJ.

• cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa ejpAl;gl rpW rjptiuAk; Mrpahty; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

• gy ejpfs; kiyj;njhlu;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; rpy Vupfspy; ,Ue;Jk; Muk;gpf;fpd;wd.

• cyfpd; gy;NtW rKj;jpuq;fisAk; fly;fisak; ,e;ejpfs; nrd;wilfpd;wd.

ejp: tlgFjp Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; Xg;> n[drp kw;Wk; yPdh ejpfs; fpof;Fg;

gFjp Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; Fthq;Nfh> aq;rpf;fpahq;> rpfpahq; ejpfs;

njw;F Nehf;p ghAk; ejpfshd fq;if> rpe;J kPnfhq;> ,utpl; Mfpa

ejpfs; ,t;tyaj;jpy; ghAk; gpujhd ejpfsshfTs;sd.

5

Vup - Vuy; kw;Wk; igapf;fhy; Mfpa VupfS; Mrpahf;fz;lj;jpd; gpujhd

VupfshFk;. cyfpy; kpfg; gioa ehfuPfq;fs; mike;jpUe;jJ Mrpahtpd;

ejpf;fiufspyhFk;.

fhyepiyfhyepiyfhyepiyfhyepiyfhyepiy

• Mrpa tyaj;jpy; gy;NtW fhyepiyg; gz;Gfs; cila tyakhf ,dq;fhz

KbAk;. mt;thwhd gy;tifik jd;ikf;Nfw;g gy;tif jiuj;Njhw;w

mk;rq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wikNa fhuzkhFk;.

• gpujhd fhyepiyg; ghFghl;bd;gb Fspu;> madf; fhyepiy> tuz;l ghiytdf;

fhyepiy> Fspuhd ,ilntg;g fhyepiy Mfpa fhyepiyg; gz;Gfis

mtjhdpf;f KbAk;.

fhyepiyapd; tpNrl ,ay;Gfs;fhyepiyapd; tpNrl ,ay;Gfs;fhyepiyapd; tpNrl ,ay;Gfs;fhyepiyapd; tpNrl ,ay;Gfs;fhyepiyapd; tpNrl ,ay;Gfs;

• tlf;F> kj;jpa kw;Wk; fpof;F Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; Fspu; fhyepiyg; gz;Gfs;

gutpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

• njw;F kw;Wk; njd; fpof;F Mrpag; gFjpfspy; kj;jpa Nfhl;L ntg;g fhyepiy

epyTfpd;wJ.

• tlNkw;F Mrpahtpy; tuz;l ntg;g fhyepiy epyTfpd;wJ.

• njw;F Mrpag; gpuNjrq;fspy; ,Ue;J tlf;F Mrpag; gpuNjrq;fs; tiu

njspthd gUt fhyq;fisf; fhzf; $bajhfTs;sJ.

jhtuq;fSk; td[PtuhrpfSk;jhtuq;fSk; td[PtuhrpfSk;jhtuq;fSk; td[PtuhrpfSk;jhtuq;fSk; td[PtuhrpfSk;jhtuq;fSk; td[PtuhrpfSk;

• Mrpa tyaj;jpy; fhyepiy kw;Wk; jhtuq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;gpidj;

njspthf ,dq;fhzyhk;.

• xt;nthU fhyepiyg; gpuptpw;Fk; Vw;g tpNrlkhd jhtuq;fSk; td [PtuhrpfSk;

fhzg;gLfpwd;wJ.

• Mrpag; gpuNjrk; rdj;njhif nfhz;ljhifahy; kdpj nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;

tPlikg;G Nghd;wtw;Ws;s kdpj nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; ngUkstpyhd fhLfs;

mopjYf;Fl;gLfpd;wd.

• td[Ptpfs; mUfpr; nry;YjYf;F khdpl eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhfpAs;sd.

9.1.39.1.39.1.39.1.39.1.3 Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wk;

• Mrpa gpuNjrj;jpy; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wk; cUthjypy; Guhjd kw;Wk; g+Nfhs

fhuzpfs; gy VJthf mike;Js;sJ.

• Mrpahtpd; nropg;ghd ejpg;gs;sj;jhf;Ffshd a+g;gpujP];> ijupwP]; ejpfis

nfhz;l gpuNjrk; rpe;J ntspg;gs;sj;jhf;F> Fthq;Nfh gs;sj;jhf;F vd;gtw;iw

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Muk;g ejpg; gs;sjhf;F ehfuPfq;fs; cUthfpd.

• ,e;ehfuPfq;fspy; r%f - nghUshjhu kw;Wk; rka gpd;dzpfis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L tpNrlkhd fyhrhu epyj;Njhw;wk; cUthfpaJ.

• ,ilapilNa Vw;gl;l Mf;fpukpg;Gfs; kw;wk; INuhg;gpa ,dj;jtu;fspd;

fhyzpj;Jtk; Nghd;wd fhuzkhf Mrpag;gFjpapd; khdpl epyj; Njhw;wk;

NtWgl;lJ.

6

• Mrpa ehfuPfk; cUthjypy; Gtpapy; mbg;gilfs; ngupJk; cjtpAs;sJ.

• Guhjd ehfupfq;fs; cUthjypd;NghJ ejpf;fiufisaz;b mjw;Nfw;w

nghuj;jkhd #oy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. (tptrhaj;jpw;F mbg;gilahf

mike;j ePu;trjp> jho;epyk;> nropg;ghd kz;> rpwe;j fhyepiy)

• Mrpag;gFjpapd; Gtpapay; fhuz;fs; Guhjd ehfuPfq;fspd; khw;wq;fSf;F

fhuzkhfpd. (Ruq;fg;ghijfs;> ngUe;njUf;fs;> fly; ghijfs;)

• etPd tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;g tpUj;jpAld; ngsjPf epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; ghupa

jhf;fq;fis Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf kdpjd; Kw;gl;Ls;shd;.

• Mrpahtpd; rhjfkha; Gtpapay; epyj;Njhw;wk; miktplj;jpd; ,Ug;gijg;

gy;NtW gUt fhyepiyfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wJ.

c-k;: Fspu;fhyk;> kiofhyk;> tuz;lfhyk; vd ntt;NtW fhyepiyfis

mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

rdj;njhifg; guk;gy;rdj;njhifg; guk;gy;rdj;njhifg; guk;gy;rdj;njhifg; guk;gy;rdj;njhifg; guk;gy;

• rdj;njhif rkdw;w tiapy; guk;gpapUj;jy;

• rdj;njhif $ba kw;Wk; Fiwe;j gpuNjrq;fs; fhzg;gLjy;

• Mrpahtpy; ruhrup kf;fs; njhifapy; 2/3 gq;F rPdhtpYk;> ,e;jpahtpYk;

guk;gpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

• xU rJu fpNyhkPw;wUf;F 2>000 Ngiu tpl mjpfkhd rdj;njhif fq;if

tbepyg; gpuNjrj;jpy; gutp ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.

c+k;: fq;if tbepy fiuNahuk;

[g;ghd; Nlhf;fpNah fiuNahu gpuNjrk;

• kiyj; jilfs; nfhz;l kj;jpa Mrpahtpy; nkhq;Nfhypah> jhu; ghiytdk;>

Nfhgpg; ghiytdk; Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspYk; mjpfkhd Fspu; gpuNjrkhd

tl MrpahtpYk; 5km2 tpl Fiwthd rdj;njhif guk;gpAs;sJ.

• mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; Mrpah tyaj;jpDs; ghupa efuq;fs; cUthjy; tpNlr

,ay;ghFk;.

nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;

• Mrpa gpuNjrj;jpd; nghUshjhu eltbf;ifapYk; gy;tifj; jd;ik

fhzKbfpwJ. ifj;njhopy;> tptrhak;> kw;Wk; Nritj;JiwfspYk; gy;tifj;

jd;ikiaf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

• ,j;Jiwfspy; Kd;dzpapy; jpfOk; ehLfs; gy Mrpa tyaj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.

ifj;njhopy; Jiwifj;njhopy; Jiwifj;njhopy; Jiwifj;njhopy; Jiwifj;njhopy; Jiw

• ifj;njhopy; uPjpahf cyf gpurpj;jp ngw;w ehLfshd [g;ghd;> rPdh>

njd;nfhwpah> ,e;jpah> khiyjPT> jha;thd; Nghd;wd ,t; tyaj;jpy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

• Mrpahtpd; ifj;njhopy; Jiwapy; gpurpj;jpahd ehlhf [g;ghd; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

• [g;ghdpy; jyh Njrpa cw;gj;jpapy; 3.9% tptrhaj; JiwapYk;> 26.2%

ifj;njhopy; JiwapYk;> 69.8% Nritj;JiwapYk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wd.

7

• cyf nghUshjhu ty;yurhf Kd;ddp ngWtjw;F [g;ghd; ifj;njhopy;

Jiwapy; ngupJk; gq;fspg;G nra;Js;sJ.

• [g;ghdpd; gpujhd ifj;njhopy; Nfe;jpu efuq;fshd xNrhf;fh> Nlhf;fpNah>

ehNfhNah> nfhd;R> tlfpA+#> fpahe;Njh gpuNjrq;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd.

• cyfpd; Nkhl;lhu; thfd cw;gj;jpapy; %d;whtJ ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wJ.

• [g;ghd; cw;gj;jpfs; tpidj;jpwd; kw;Wk; cau;juk; ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhfpwJ.

• [g;ghdpy; fhzg;gLk; ifj;njhopy; Jiwfs;

* ngw;Nwhypak;> ,urhadk;

* tpkhdk; fl;Lk; ifj;njhopy;

* ,izg;G Ntiy (Semi Conductors)

* Nkhl;lhu; thfd ifj;njhopy;

* ,Uk;GUf;Ff; ifj;njhopy;

* fg;gy; fl;Lk; ifj;njhopy;

* ,yj;jpudpay; ifj;njhopy;

* czT kw;Wk; capupay; ,urhad cw;gj;jpfs;

* nraw;if NuhNghf;fspd; cw;gj;jpfs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd.

tptrhaj;Jiwtptrhaj;Jiwtptrhaj;Jiwtptrhaj;Jiwtptrhaj;Jiw

• Mrpahtpy; mike;Js;s tptrha nghUshjhu eltbf;ifapy; <LgLk; ehLfspy;

gpugy;akhd ehlhf ghfp];jhd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ. mjd; Kjd;ikahd

tskhf fUjg;gLtJ gapuplg;glf; $ba epykk; ePUkhFk;.

• ghfp];jhdpd; jyh Njrpa cw;gj;jpapy; 25.9% tptrhaKk;> 24% ifj;njhopy;

Jiw> 53.3% Nrit JiwAk; toq;Ffpd;wJ.

• mNjNghy; ghfp];jhdpd; fpuhkpa Copag;gilapy; 43% tptrhaj;jpy;

<LgLfpd;wdu;.

• gpujhd tptrha cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fshf

Nrhsk;> ney;> fUk;G> gUj;jp> gotiffs;> kuf;fwp> tpyq;F Ntshz;ik

czT tiffs; Kjd;ik ngWfpd;wd.

• mjd; Kjd;ik tptrha gpuhe;jpakhf fUjg;gLtJ Nrhsk; kw;Wk; gUj;jp

mjpfstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; gQ;rhg; MFk;.

• rpd;b> gQ;rhg; gpuNjrq;fspy; khk;gor; nra;if guk;gpf;fhz;ggLtJld;

ghfp];jhd; cyfpd; 4tJ khk;go cw;gj;jp ehlhf tpsq;FfpwJ.

• ,it midj;J tptrha cw;gj;jpfSk; cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L re;ijapid

Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L cw;gj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tpNrl ,ay;ghFk;.

Nritj;JiwNritj;JiwNritj;JiwNritj;JiwNritj;Jiw

• Mrpahtpy; mike;Js;s Nritj;Jiwg; nghUshjhuk; Nkw;nfhz;LtUk;

ehLfspy; gpugy;akhf kj;jpa fpof;F tyaj;jpy; mike;Js;s Lgha; ,uhr;rpak;

fUjg;gLfpwJ.

• ,r; Nritj;Jiwapy; Lgha; kpf Ntfkhf tsu;r;rp mile;JtUk; nghUshjhuj;

jpwDila ehlhf fhzg;gLfpwJ.

8

• Lghapd; jyh Njrpa cw;gj;jpapy; Nritj; Jiwapy; 73.5% Kk;> cw;gj;jp

ifj;njhopypy; 13.9% Kk;> Vida Jiwfspy; 12.8% Kk; gq;fspg;Gr;

nra;fpd;wd.

• Lgha; ,uhr;rpakhdJ mgptpUj;jp ,yf;if Nehf;fp nry;tjw;fhd

Nritj;Jiwapy; jug;gLj;jy; nfhs;if iaAk;> jpl;lkpliyAk; nra;J tUtJ

Mrpa ehL fSf;F Kd;ZjhuzkhFk;.

• cyfpd; ngupa fg;gy; JiwKfk; nra;tjD}lhf tu;j;jf njhlu;Gfis

Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F nghUl; fisAk;> NritfisAk; Vw;wp ,wf;Ftjw;fhf fg;gy;

Nritfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.

• Vida ehLfSld; njhlu;G nfhs;Sk; kj;jpa epiyakhf nraw;gLfpd;wJ.

• gpujhd Rw;Wyhj;Jiwf;F Nfe;jpu epiyakhf tpsq;Ffpd;wik

• tpkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J

• re;ij nkhj;j kw;Wk; Efu;T tpahghuk;

• Rje;jpu tu;j;jf tyak; fhzg;gLfpd;wik

• ,iza efuk; (Internet City) cUthf;fg;gl;L mjd; %yk; Nrit toq;Ffpd;wik

• Clf efuk; (Media City) fhzg;gLfpd;wik

• mwpTf;fpuhkk; (Knowledge City) fhzg;gLfpd;wik

• fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpfs; ikak; (Education and Training hub) fhzg;gLfpd;wik

• vdNt Mrpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; Lgha; Nritj;Jiwapy; Kd;dzpapy; fhzg;gLk;

ehlhFk;.

9

Nju;r;rp 9.2Nju;r;rp 9.2Nju;r;rp 9.2Nju;r;rp 9.2Nju;r;rp 9.2 : -: -: -: -: - jhk; thOk; #oypd; jdpik kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;gpy;

tpsf;fj;Jld; tho;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; : -: -: -: -: - 9.2 ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl epyj;

Njhw;wj;jpd; jd;ikapid tpku;rdQ; nra;thu;.

ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs; : -: -: -: -: - 14

fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs; : -: -: -: -: -

• ,yq;ifapd; epyj;Njhw;w Njrg;glk; kw;Wk; glq;fspd;

Clhf tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; epyj;Njhw;wj;ij cjhuzq;fspd; Clhf

tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy tyaq;fspd; gz;Gfis

tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj; jhtu tyaq;fspd; gz;Gfisf;

fye;JiuahLthu;.

• rpwpa jPthfpa ,yq;ifapd; tpNrlkhd capu; gy;

tifiaf; nfsutg;gLj;Jthu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; khdplj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij

Fwpg;gpLthu;.

• ,yq;if ngsjpf epyf;fhl;rp> kdpj nraw;ghLfspy;

vt;thW nry;thf;F nrYj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,t;thwhd khdpl nraw;ghLfs; ngsjpf nraw;ghLfspy;

nry;thf;F nrYj;Jfpd;wJ vd tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd MNyhridghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd MNyhridghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd MNyhridghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd MNyhridghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd MNyhrid

tpNrlkhf ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; gpujhd ngsjpf gz;ghf epyj;Njhw;w

tyak;> fhyepiy tyak;> jhtu tyak;> ePu; tbfhyikg;G njhlu;ghd Gtpapay;

tpQ;Qhd fw;ifapy; kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.

NkYk; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; rpwg;ghd mk;rkhf ,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhif>

mjDld; njhlu;G gl;l gpujhd nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfs; rpy njhlu;ghf

vspikahd tpku;rpj;jy; ,j;ju;jpy; kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.

,e;j nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghf ngsjpf #oy; ,jw;F cjtpahf

mikfpd;wjh? nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfisf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; NghJ ngsjpf #oYf;F

Vw;gLk; jhf;fj;jpid cjhuzq;fSld; vspikahf fye;Jiuahly;

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mNjNghy; ,yq;ifapd; ngsjPf kw;Wk; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd;

mbg;gil mk;rq;fs;> mtw;wpd; Njhw;wg;ghLfSf;fpilahd njhlu;Gfs; njhlu;ghf

,t;tyfpy; vspikahf fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpwJ.

10

,yq;ifapd; epyj;Njhw;wk;,yq;ifapd; epyj;Njhw;wk;,yq;ifapd; epyj;Njhw;wk;,yq;ifapd; epyj;Njhw;wk;,yq;ifapd; epyj;Njhw;wk;

Gtp tuyhw;wpDs; ePz;l fhykhf nraw;gLfpd;w Gtp nraw;ghLfspDila

tpisthf epu;khzpf;fg;Lfpd;w epyj;Njhw;w gz;Gfis ,yq;if epyj;Njw;wj;jpDs;

,dk; fhz KbAk;. ,yq;ifapDs; ,dq;fhz KbAk;. cauj;ij mbg;gilahff

nfhz;L ,dq;fhzg;gl;l epyj;Njhw;w tyaq;fs; %d;whFk;.

gpujhd jiuj;Njhw;wg; gpupTfs;gpujhd jiuj;Njhw;wg; gpupTfs;gpujhd jiuj;Njhw;wg; gpupTfs;gpujhd jiuj;Njhw;wg; gpupTfs;gpujhd jiuj;Njhw;wg; gpupTfs;

1. fiuNahu tyak; - fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 30m tiu

2. cs;sf rkntsp - 30m njhlf;fk; 300m tiu

3. kj;jpa kiyehL - 300 kPl;liu tpl mjpfk;

,yq;ifapd; jiuj;Njhw;w gpupTfs;,yq;ifapd; jiuj;Njhw;w gpupTfs;,yq;ifapd; jiuj;Njhw;w gpupTfs;,yq;ifapd; jiuj;Njhw;w gpupTfs;,yq;ifapd; jiuj;Njhw;w gpupTfs;

• fiuNahu tyaj;jpd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;fiuNahu tyaj;jpd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;fiuNahu tyaj;jpd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;fiuNahu tyaj;jpd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;fiuNahu tyaj;jpd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs;

• fsg;G – aho;g;ghzk;> Gj;jsk;> ePu;nfhOk;G> kl;lf;fsg;G> nfhf;fpsha;

• Flh – Xye;j> ntypfk> MWfk;> ntz;ly;];> nfhl;bahuk;

• FlhehL – aho;g;ghzk;> fw;gpl;b

• jPT – Cu;fhtw;Jiw> neLe;jPT> fr;irjPT> kd;dhu;> ,uizkL

• Nrw;W epyk; – Kj;Juh[nty> Njj;Jt

• fopKfk; (nly;lh) – kfhtyp> fyh Xah> kP Xah

• fly; Xq;fy; – NfhNz];tuk;> ck;khd

• Kid - NgJW> Fjpiukiy> njTe;ju> rq;fkhd; fe;j> gTy;Kid

• cs;sf rkntspapy; njspthf fhzg;gLk; ngsjPf mk;rkcs;sf rkntspapy; njspthf fhzg;gLk; ngsjPf mk;rkcs;sf rkntspapy; njspthf fhzg;gLk; ngsjPf mk;rkcs;sf rkntspapy; njspthf fhzg;gLk; ngsjPf mk;rkcs;sf rkntspapy; njspthf fhzg;gLk; ngsjPf mk;rk;

• njhluiy epyk; – mDuhjGuk;> nghyeWit> mk;ghiw> Mfpa

gpuNjrq;fs;

• kiyj;njhlu;fs; – wf;Fthid> GSj;Njhl;il

• vr;rf;Fd;Wfs; – fjpu;fhkk;> jpk;Gyhfy> rPfpupah> upl;bfy> kpfpe;jiy

• kj;jpa kiyehl;by; njspthfj; njupAk; ngsjpf mk;rk;kj;jpa kiyehl;by; njspthfj; njupAk; ngsjpf mk;rk;kj;jpa kiyehl;by; njspthfj; njupAk; ngsjpf mk;rk;kj;jpa kiyehl;by; njspthfj; njupAk; ngsjpf mk;rk;kj;jpa kiyehl;by; njspthfj; njupAk; ngsjpf mk;rk;

• kiyj;njhlu;

1. rptndhypghjk; 2. `g;Gj;jis

3. eKDFy 4. gPJUjhyfhy

5. ef;fps;];

• Nkl;Lepyk;

1. fz;b Nkl;Lepyk; 2. `l;ld; Nkl;Lepyk;

3. ntypkil Nkl;Lepyk; 4. kfntyjd;d Nkl;Lepyk;

5. nfh]yhe;ij

• ePu;tPo;r;rp

1. gk;gufe;j ePu;tPo;r;rp 2. FUe;J Xa ePu;tPo;r;rp

3. jpaYk ePu;tPo;r;rp 4. fpupe;jp vy;y ePu;tPo;r;rp

5. wk;nghil ePu;tPo;r;rp 6. yf;rghd ePu;tPo;r;rp

7. uj;d ePu;tPo;r;rp

11

• fztha;

1. fynfju fztha; 2. gyd fztha;

3. fpdpfj;N`d fztha; 4. gyf;fLit fztha;

5. mg;Gj;jis fztha;

,yq;ifapd; ePu; tbfhyikg;G (gpujhd ejpr;rkntsp),yq;ifapd; ePu; tbfhyikg;G (gpujhd ejpr;rkntsp),yq;ifapd; ePu; tbfhyikg;G (gpujhd ejpr;rkntsp),yq;ifapd; ePu; tbfhyikg;G (gpujhd ejpr;rkntsp),yq;ifapd; ePu; tbfhyikg;G (gpujhd ejpr;rkntsp)

,yq;ifapy; gpujhd MWfs; 103 fhzg;gLtJld; ,jpy; 34 MWfs; kj;jpa

kiyehl;by; Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. ,t; MWfs; tUlk; KOtJk; ePupid

nfhz;bUg;gjdhy; tw;whj ejpfshf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Vida MWfs;

rkntspfspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fhzg;gLtJld; Fwpg;gpl;l gUtk; kl;Lk;

ePupidf; nfhz;litahFk;. kj;jpa kiyehl;by; cw;gj;jpahfpd;w ejpfs;

Miutbfhy; Nfhyj;jpy; fhzg;gLtNjhL ,ijj;jtpu Vida gpuNjrq;fspy;

tiyaikg;gpy; ePu; tbfhy; Kiwapidf; fhz KbAk;.

,yq;ifapd; gpujhd MWfs; rpytw;wpd; jfty;fs;,yq;ifapd; gpujhd MWfs; rpytw;wpd; jfty;fs;,yq;ifapd; gpujhd MWfs; rpytw;wpd; jfty;fs;,yq;ifapd; gpujhd MWfs; rpytw;wpd; jfty;fs;,yq;ifapd; gpujhd MWfs; rpytw;wpd; jfty;fs;

,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy

,yq;ifapd; fhyepiyapy; njspthf njupAk; gz;Gfshtd mjpf ntg;gepiy

kw;Wk; tUlk; g+uhfTk; guk;gpAs;s kio tPo;r;rpiaAk; MFk;. kj;jpa Nfhl;bd;

mUfpy; mikag; ngw;w jPthifahy; ,j;jifa fhyepiy cUthfpAs;sJ.

ntg;gepiyntg;gepiyntg;gepiyntg;gepiyntg;gepiy

tUlk; g+uhfTk; rkkhd ntg;gepiy fhzg;gLk; ruhrup tUlhe;j ntg;gepiy

270C MFk;. tUlhe;j ntg;gepiy tPr;rhdJ 2.80C Fiwe;j ngWkhdkhFk;.

,Ug;gpDk; cau NtWghl;bw;Nfw;g ntg;gepiy khWgLk;. cauj;jpw;Nfw;g mt;thW

ruhrup ntg;gepiy gpuNjr uPjpahd NtWghLfs; epyTk;. gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz

mt;thwhd gpuNjrk; rpytw;wpd; ruhrup ntg;gepiy

gpujhd MWgpujhd MWgpujhd MWgpujhd MWgpujhd MW ePsk; ePsk; ePsk; ePsk; ePsk; Nghrpf;Fk; gpuNjrk; Nghrpf;Fk; gpuNjrk; Nghrpf;Fk; gpuNjrk; Nghrpf;Fk; gpuNjrk; Nghrpf;Fk; gpuNjrk;

1. kfhtyp 335 10>327

2. mUtp MW 164 3>246

3. fyh Xah 148 2>772

4. fsdp 145 2>278

5. ahD xa 142 1>520

6. njJW Xah 142 2>616

7. tsit fq;if 138 2>442

8. khJW Xah 135 1>541

9. kfh Xah 129 1>510

10. fS fq;if 129 2>688

12

,yq;ifapy; kiotPo;r;rp fpilf;Fk; gpujhd Kiwfs;,yq;ifapy; kiotPo;r;rp fpilf;Fk; gpujhd Kiwfs;,yq;ifapy; kiotPo;r;rp fpilf;Fk; gpujhd Kiwfs;,yq;ifapy; kiotPo;r;rp fpilf;Fk; gpujhd Kiwfs;,yq;ifapy; kiotPo;r;rp fpilf;Fk; gpujhd Kiwfs;

1. Nkw;fhTif (,ilg;gUt kio)

2. gUtf;fhw;W kio

3. #whtsp

,jdbg;gilapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sfpd;w kiotPo;r;rp tUlhe;jj;jpy; gpd;tUkhW

gue;Js;sJ.

1. Nkw;fhTif

- khu;r; - Vg;uy; (Kjy; ,ilg;gUt kio tPo;r;rpf; fhyk;)

- nrg;nlk;gu; - xf;Nlhgu; (,uz;lhk; ,ilg;gUt kio tPo;r;rpf; fhyk;)

2. gUtf;fhw;W

- Nk - nrg;nlk;gu; (njd;Nky; gUtf;fhw;W)

- xg;Nlhgu; - [dtup (tlfPo; gUtf;fhw;W)

3. #whtsp

tUlj;jpd; VjhtJ xU fhyj;jpYk; ,lk;ngw KbAk;. vdpDk; etk;gu; -

brk;gu; khjq;fs; tpNrlk; ngWfpd;wJ.

,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy tyak;,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy tyak;,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy tyak;,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy tyak;,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy tyak;

,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy tyak; Ie;J Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mit

tifg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJ ntg;gepiy kw;Wk; kiotPo;r;rpia mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;lhFk;.

fhyepiy tyak;fhyepiy tyak;fhyepiy tyak;fhyepiy tyak;fhyepiy tyak;

1. jho;epy <utyak;

2. jho;epy cyu;tyak;

3. kiyehl;L <utyak;

4. kiyehl;L cyu;tyak;

5. miuFiw tws;tyak;

efuk;

1. nfhOk;G

2. fz;b

3. jythf;fiy

4. Etnuypah

5. gPJWjhyfhiy

fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J

cauk; (kPw;wupy;)

0

447

1>375

1>882

2>524

ruhrup ntg;gepiy

26.90C

24.40C

18.60C

15.40C

11.50C

13

jho;epy <utyak;jho;epy <utyak;jho;epy <utyak;jho;epy <utyak;jho;epy <utyak;

• tUlhe;j kiotPo;r;rp 2>000m.m I tpl mjpfk;

• ruhrup ntg;gepiy Vwj;jho 270C

• Nfhilf;fhyk; ,y;iy vdpDk; ngg;utup khjj;jpy; XusT tulrp jd;ikiaf;

fhl;Lk;.

• njd;Nky; gUtf;fhw;W kw;Wk; ,ilg;gUtf; fhw;Wfspd; %yk; mjpf

kiotPo;r;rpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;.

jho;epy cyu;tyak;jho;epy cyu;tyak;jho;epy cyu;tyak;jho;epy cyu;tyak;jho;epy cyu;tyak;

• tUlhe;j kiotPo;r;rp 1>250m.m - 2>000m.m tiuahFk;

• tUlhe;j ruhrup ntg;gepiy 270C I tpl mjpfk;

• Nk – nrg;nlk;gu; jtpu;e;j ,U khjq;fs; XusT tul;rpf; fhykhf fhzg;gLk;

• tlfPo ; gUtf;fhw ;Wf;fSf;F ,ilg;gl ;l gUtf;fhw ;W kioiag;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;

• kioapd; epr;rakw;w jd;ik epyTfpwJ

• mjpf Mtpahf;fj;jpdhy; tul;rpia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

miuFiw tws; tyak;miuFiw tws; tyak;miuFiw tws; tyak;miuFiw tws; tyak;miuFiw tws; tyak;

• tUlhe;j kiotPo;r;rp 1>250m.m I tpl FiwT

• tUlhe;j ruhrup ntg;gepiy 270C I tpl mjpfk;

• kiotPo;r;rpf;fhyk; 3 – 4 khjq;fSf;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

• ,ilg;gUtj;jpy; kiotPo;r;rp fpilf;Fk;

• Mff; $ba Mtpahf;fk; epfo;tjdhy; fLk; tul;rpia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

kiyehl;L <utyak;kiyehl;L <utyak;kiyehl;L <utyak;kiyehl;L <utyak;kiyehl;L <utyak;

• kj;jpa kiyehl;bd; Nkw;F miu tyaj;jpw;F cupj;jhdJ

• tUlhe;j kiotPo;r;rp Vwj;jho 3>000 mm

• 5>000mm f;Fk; mjpfkhd kiotPo;r;rp ngWfpd;w gpuNjrq;fisAk; ,t;tyaj;jpy;

fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJld; khypnghl> tl;ltis> Nfdpy;Ntj; Mfpa

gpuNjrq;fs; ,jw;F cjhuzkhFk;. (khypnghl 5>380m.m)

• brk;gu; – ngg;utup khjj;jpDs; tul;rpahd fhw;W tPRfpd;wJ.

kj;jpa kiyehl;bd; cyu;tyak;kj;jpa kiyehl;bd; cyu;tyak;kj;jpa kiyehl;bd; cyu;tyak;kj;jpa kiyehl;bd; cyu;tyak;kj;jpa kiyehl;bd; cyu;tyak;

• kj;jpa kiyehl;bd; fpof;F miuthrpf;FupaJ.

• tUlhe;j ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp 1>750 - 2>000m.m

• tlfpof;F gUtf;fhw;wpd; mjpf kiotPo;r;rpiag; ngWfpwJ.

• tUlj;jpd; mjpf fhyk; tul;rpahd fhw;wpw;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wJ.

14

,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtuk;,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtuk;,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtuk;,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtuk;,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtuk;

,aw;ifj; jhtu tsu;r;rpf;F ntg;gepiy> kiotPo;r;rp Mfpa fhuzpfs; gpujhdkhf

nry;thf;F nrYj;JfpwJ. ,jdhNyNa jhtuq;fspd; tifaPl;bw;F fhyepiy

fhuzpfspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jhtuk; gw;wpa Ma;T ,lk; ngWfpd;wJ.

,jw;Nfw;g ,yq;ifapd; fhyepiy tyaq;fSf;Nfw;g ,aw;ifj; jhtu tyak;

milahsk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtu tyak;,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtu tyak;,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtu tyak;,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtu tyak;,yq;ifapd; ,aw;ifj;jhtu tyak;

1. jho;epy <utyaf; fhL

2. jho;epy cyu;tya fyg;Gf; fhLfs;

3. ,ilepiy vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;

4. kiyehl;L <utyaf; fhLfs;

5. kiyehl;bd; cyu;tyak; (gj;jd)

6. Kl;Gju;fs; kw;Wk; Gju; fhLfs;

7. fz;ly; jhtuk;

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . jho;epy <utyaf; fhLfs;jho;epy <utyaf; fhLfs;jho;epy <utyaf; fhLfs;jho;epy <utyaf; fhLfs;jho;epy <utyaf; fhLfs;

• ,yq;ifapd; Nkw;F kw;Wk; njd;Nkw;F ,lq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ

• cau; ntg;gepiy kw;Wk; kiotPo;r;rp fpilf;fpd;wJ

• capu; gy;tifik kpf cau;thdJ

• 50 – 60 kPl;lu; tiuahd cauKila jhtuk;

• jhtuq;fs; mlu;j;jpahdJ

• fPo; tsupfs; gpujhdkhdJ. gy;NtW jl;Lf;fisf; nfhz;lJ

• jhtuq;fs; xd;Wld; xd;W ,ize;J FilNghy; fhzg;gLtjhy; ,Ushf

cs;sJ.

• nfhu> fPd> nfhlgu> kpy;y> kpnjy;y> eJd;> jtl;l Mfpa jhtuq;fs;

guk;gpAs;sJ.

• rpq;fuh[> fd;ndypa> nlbaty> ehf;fpahnjdpa Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy;

,f;fhLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . tul;rp fye;j vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;tul;rp fye;j vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;tul;rp fye;j vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;tul;rp fye;j vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;tul;rp fye;j vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;

• jho;epy cyu;tya gpuNjrq;fspy; guk;gpAs;sJ.

• ,q;F tul;rp epyTtjdhy; itukhd kuq;fs; cUthfpd;wJ

• <utya kuq;fs; Nghd;W Ntfkhf tsu;r;rpailahJ

• 20 – 25 kPl;lu; tiuahd caukhf tsUfpd;w kuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

• kuq;fs; rw;W ,iltpl;Nl fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

• ,f; fhLfspy; tul;rpf; fhyq;fspy; kuq;fs; ,iyia cjpu;fpd;wd.

15

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . ,ilg;gl;l vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;,ilg;gl;l vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;,ilg;gl;l vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;,ilg;gl;l vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;,ilg;gl;l vd;Wk; gRikahd fhLfs;

• <utyaj;jpw;Fk;> cyu; tyaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; ,ilkhWk; tyakhf

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

• ,e;j fhyepiy mk;rq;fSf;Nfw;g tsu;e;rpaile;j jhtu tiffis

fhz KbAk;.

• gyh> <ug;gyh> kNfhfdp> kpnjy;y Mfpa kuq;fs; fhzg; gLfpd;wd.

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . kiyehl;L <utyaf; fhLkiyehl;L <utyaf; fhLkiyehl;L <utyaf; fhLkiyehl;L <utyaf; fhLkiyehl;L <utyaf; fhL

• kj;jpa kiyehl;by; 900 – 1>500 kPl;lu;fSf;fpilapy; Nkw;Fr; ruptpy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ

• rw;W <ukhdJk;> mjpf kio tPo;r;rpapdhYk; ,f; fhyepiy gpuNjrk;

mikag; ngw;Ws;sJ.

• 8 – 10 kPl;lu; I tpl Mfpa Fiwe;J caukhd kuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ

• kuq;fs; ngupastpy; KWf;fpa epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

• gy;NtW epwq;fis cila jhtuq;fSk; G+f;fpd;w jhtuq;fSk; mjpfk;

• rg;G> fPd> kpfpup> jtl;l> Nkhu> cyq; Mfpa kuq;fs; mjpfk;

• rptndhypghjkiy> gPJUjhyfhiy> N`hl;ld;> ef;fs;]; Mfpa kiyfspy;

,f;fhLfisf; fhz KbAk;.

5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . kj;jpa kiyehl;L cyu;tyaf; fhLkj;jpa kiyehl;L cyu;tyaf; fhLkj;jpa kiyehl;L cyu;tyaf; fhLkj;jpa kiyehl;L cyu;tyaf; fhLkj;jpa kiyehl;L cyu;tyaf; fhL

• kj;jpa kiyehl;bd; cyu;tyak; 1>400m.m f;F caukhd gpuNjrq;fspy;

guk;gpAs;sJ XusT Fspu ;fhyepiyAk; fhuzkhf ,f;fhLfs;

cUthfpAs;sd.

• Fiwthd kiotPo;r;rpf;Fk;> tul;rpahd fhw;wpw;Fk; Kfk; nfhLf;fpwJ.

,jdhy; fhLfSld; gj;jid Gy;epyq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

• ,ilapilNa k`huj; g+> muS> GD> ney;yp> njhk;g> f`l;l Mfpa

kuq;fis ,lj;Jf;fplk; fhzKbAk;.

• Kl;fSld; $ba kuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . Kl;gju; kw;Wk; Gju; fhLfs;Kl;gju; kw;Wk; Gju; fhLfs;Kl;gju; kw;Wk; Gju; fhLfs;Kl;gju; kw;Wk; Gju; fhLfs;Kl;gju; kw;Wk; Gju; fhLfs;

• ,yq;ifapy; tl Nkw;F> njd;Nkw;F gpuNjrj;jpy; guk;gpAs;sJ

• Fiwthd kiotPo;r;rpAld; ePz;l tul;rpAld; $ba gpuNjrj;jpw;F Vw;g

jhtuk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

• 6 khjk; tul;rp epiyf;F Kfk; nfhLf;Fk;. ,jdhy; ,jw;F ,irthf;fk;

mile;j jhtuq;fisf; fhz KbAk;.

• MtpAapu;g;gpidf; Fiwg;gjw;F Vw;g ,irthf;fk; ngw;w ,iyfs; jz;Lfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wik> jbg;Gilait> njhl;lTld; mupf;Fk; ,ay;ig

cilait> Kl;fis nfhz;Ls;sik> rpwpa ,iyfs;

• vukpdpah> epy;Y> gj;njhf;> gY> fs;sp Mfpa jhtuq;fs; mjpfstpy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

16

7 .7 .7 .7 .7 . fz;ly; jhtuq;fs;fz;ly; jhtuq;fs;fz;ly; jhtuq;fs;fz;ly; jhtuq;fs;fz;ly; jhtuq;fs;

• fsg;G kw;Wk; ejp Kfj;Jthug; gFjpfspy; fiuNahu gpuNjrq;fspy;

guk;gpAs;sJ.

• ntt;NtW tifahd jhtu tiffisf; fhz KbAk;.

• fz;ly; tiffs; kw;wk; jhioapdk; vd;gd gpujhd ,dq;fshFk;. fz;lyld;

njhlu;Gila tpyq;f r%fKk; fhzg;gLk;.

,why;> ez;L> kPdpdq;fs; kw;Wk; gwitfs; ,tw;wpy; mlq;Fk;.

,yq;if rpwpa jPT vdpDk; jiuj;Njhw;wk; jhtuq;fs;> fhyepiy Mfpa ngsjPf

,ay;Gfspd; gy;tifikia nfhz;Ls;sik njspthfpwJ. ,g;gy;tifikia

FWfpa fhyj;jpYk; Fiwe;j J}uj;jpYk; czu Kbjy; tpNrl mk;rkhFk;.

jho;epy <utyak;jho;epy <utyak;jho;epy <utyak;jho;epy <utyak;jho;epy <utyak;

• tUlhe;j kiotPo;r;rp 2>000m.m I tpl mjpfk;

• ruhrup ntg;gepiy Vwj;jho 270C

• Nfhilf;fhyk; ,y;iy vdpDk; ngg;utup khjj;jpy; XusT tulrp jd;ikiaf;

fhl;Lk;.

• njd;Nky; gUtf;fhw;W kw;Wk; ,ilg;gUtf; fhw;Wfspd; %yk; mjpf

kiotPo;r;rpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;.

9.2.2 ,yq;ifapd; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; ,ay;G9.2.2 ,yq;ifapd; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; ,ay;G9.2.2 ,yq;ifapd; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; ,ay;G9.2.2 ,yq;ifapd; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; ,ay;G9.2.2 ,yq;ifapd; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; ,ay;G

••••• khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; mbg;gil gFjpfs;khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; mbg;gil gFjpfs;khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; mbg;gil gFjpfs;khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; mbg;gil gFjpfs;khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; mbg;gil gFjpfs;

• khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;ij tbtikf;Fk;NghJ nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; gpujhd

fhuzp rdj;njhif MFk;.

• rdj;njhifapd; gug;gsT> Nru;f;if> mlu;j;jp kw;Wk; guty;> tpUj;jp

Ntfk; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; gy;NtW tbtq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wd.

• ,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhif 20.2 kpy;ypad; MFk;. rpwpa epyg;gFjpapy;

tho;fpd;w ,e;j rdj;njhif khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jd; gy;tifikf;F

fhuzkhfpAs;sj.

• ,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhif gy;NtW ,d> rka kw;Wk; nkhop mbg;gilapy;

mike;j gy;NtW epyj;Njhw;wq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wJ.

• rdj;njhif tpUj;jp Ntfj;jpw;F Vw;g khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; NtWghLfs;

Vw;glLs;sd. 2012 Mz;by; tUl tpUj;jp msT 0.7 rjtPjk; vdpDk;>

gpuNjr NtWghLfs; gytw;iw fhz KbfpwJ.

• ,e;j tpUj;jp Ntfj;jpw;F mikthf khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; NtWghLfis

,dq;fhz KbAk;. ,t;NtWghLfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gy;NtW

nraw;ghLfs; cUthfp cs;sd.

17

••••• FbapUg;Gfs;FbapUg;Gfs;FbapUg;Gfs;FbapUg;Gfs;FbapUg;Gfs;

FbapUg;G vd;gJ tho;tplk; kl;Lky;y kdpjdpd; midj;J nghUshjhu>

r%f> fyhrhu eltbf;iffSk; cs;slq;fpa myfhFk;. mJ khdpl

epyj;Njhw;wj;jpid fhl;Lfpd;w ,d;ndhU gFjpahFk;. ,yq;ifapd; FbapUg;G

gpujhd tifapy; fpuhkpa> efu kw;Wk; fpuhk efuk; Mfpa tifapy; tifg;glj;j

KbAkhf miktJld; ,q;F khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; gy;NgtW NtWghLfis

fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,e;j NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l tifg;ghl;Lf;Fs; mlq;Fk;

gy;NtW FbapUg;G tiffis fhzKbak;. mit xd;wp; xd;W nghUhsjhu

nraw;ghLfSk; NtWgLk;. cjhuzk; - gz;ila fpuhkq;fs;> Fsf;FbapUg;Gfs;>

Njhl;lq;fs;> kPd;gpb Xlj;Jiw JiwKfk; re;ij epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lit.

nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs;

• ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; gpjhd tifapy; tptrhak;>

ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; Nrit Mfpa gpupTfspd; Clhf fhz KbAk;.

• ,yq;ifapd; tptrha eltbf;iffs; gythFk;. mit gy;NtW

epyj;Njhw;wq;fis cUthf;fp cs;sd. cyu; tyak;> ney; tay;fs;>

Fsq;fs;> epu;ghrd fhy;tha;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fpuhkpa

epyj;Njhw;wkhFk;.

• kiyehl;by; Njapiy nra;ifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mike;j

epyj;Njhw;wk; cUthfpAs;sJ. gbKiw tptrhak; fha;fwp gapu;r; nra;if>

kiyg;gpuNjr tPjpfs;> Njapiy njhopy;> FbapUg;G kw;Wk; Copaupd;

t PLfs; vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l epyj ;Njhw ;wk ;

cUthfpAs;sJ.

• njd;id Kf;Nfhzj;ij mz;ba njd;idr; nra;ifia mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;l epyj;Njhw;wk; cUthjy;

• fiuNahuj;Jf;F mz;ikapy; kPd;gpb ifj;njhoy; rhu;e;J cUthd

epyj;Njhw;wk;

• ifj;njhopy; eltbf;iffs; Nky; khfhzj;jpDs; mjpfstpy; guk;gpAs;sJ.

mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf Rje;jpu tu;j;jf tyak;> ifj;njhopy; FbapUg;G>

ifj;njhopy; G+q;fh guk;gy; miljy;> %yg;nghUs; kw;Wk; fdpa

nghUl;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ifj;njhopy; epyj;Njhw;wk;

cUthfpAs;sJ.

• ghuk;gupa ifj;njhopy; gz;ilf;fhyk; njhlf;fk; epytp tUjy; kw;Wk;

mjw;fhf tpNrl jdpj;Jtk; nfhz;l gpuNjrq;fis fhz Kbjy;.

c-k;: gpypkjyht - gpj;jisg; nghUl;fs;

Jk;giw - gha;> mk;ghe;Njhl;il - Kf%b

• Nrit trjpfspy; gy;tifikia fhz Kbjy;

• efug;gpuNjrq;fis mz;b Nrit trjpfs; mjpfsT fhzg;gLjy; kw;Wk;

fpuhkg;gFjpfspy; mit vy;iyg;gLj;jg;gLjy;

c-k;: fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J eltbf;iffs;> tq;fp> fhg;GWjp>

tpahghuk;> njhlu;ghly; Mfpa Nritfs;

18

• me;j Nrit trjpfs; gy;tifik kw;Wk; guk;gYf;F Vw;g khdpl epyj;

njhw;wkk; khw;wkilfpwJ. cjhukhf ngfhOk;G efuk; kw;Wk; mz;ba

gFjpfs; efuhf;fk; miltjpy; Nrit trjpfs; jhf;fk; nrYj;jp cs;sJ.

••••• cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;

• rdj;njhifapd; tho;fif Kiwia juk; cau;;e;j cl;lfl;likg;G

trjpfshd tPjpfs;> kpd;rhuk;> ePu; Mfpa trjpfspd; tpUj;jp khdpl

epyj;Nhw;wj;jpy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j fhuzkhfpwJ.

• ,t;thwhd trjpfs; mjpfstpy; efug; gFjpfspy; khdpl nraw;ghLfspd;

guk;giy mjpfupg;gJld; trjpfs; Fiwe;j fpuhkpa gFjpfspy; mJ

Fiwfpd;wJ.

9.2.3 ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; kPJ9.2.3 ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; kPJ9.2.3 ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; kPJ9.2.3 ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; kPJ9.2.3 ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; kPJ

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;

• ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf epyj;jhw;wk; tpNrlkhjy;

• nkhj;j epyj;Njhw;wk; gpuNjr mbg;gilapy; gy;tifik nfhz;bUj;jy;

• ,e;j gpuNjr gy;tifikf;F Vw;g khdpl nraw;ghLfs; guk;gy; miljy;

• fiuNahu rkntsp epyg;gFjpfspd; mz;ikapy; FbapUg;G> efuk;>

ifj;njhopw;rhiyfs;> Rw;Wyh eltbf;iffs;> kPd;gpb eltbf;iffs;>

re;ij eltb;fiffs; guk;gyiljy;.

<utyak;:- <utyak;:- <utyak;:- <utyak;:- <utyak;:- khdpl eltbf;iffSf;F ctg;ghd ngsjpf #oy; fhuzkhf

mij mz;ba khdpl nraw;ghLfis mjpfkhf fhz KbAk;. (rdj;

njhif $ba gFjpfs;> tPjpfs; xd;wpizjy;)

cyu; tyak;:-cyu; tyak;:-cyu; tyak;:-cyu; tyak;:-cyu; tyak;:- khdpl eltbf;iffs; kPJ ngsjpf #oy; ctg;ghd tifapy;

mikf;f Ntz;Lkhjypdhy; mjd; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wk; mjw;F Vw;w

tifapy; mike;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. (Fsk; kw;wk; fhy;tha; Nghf;F)

aho;g;ghzk;:-aho;g;ghzk;:-aho;g;ghzk;:-aho;g;ghzk;:-aho;g;ghzk;:- tpNrl kz; tyakhjy; kw;Wk; ePu; gad;ghL rhu;e;j tpNrl

khdpl epyj;Njhw;wk; cUthfp cs;sJ.

kj;jpa kiyehL:-kj;jpa kiyehL:-kj;jpa kiyehL:-kj;jpa kiyehL:-kj;jpa kiyehL:- ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F Vw;g cUthd tptrha

Nghf;F> tPjp kw;Wk; FbapUg;Gfis fhz KbAk;.

19

9.2.4 ,yq;ifapy; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; kPJ9.2.4 ,yq;ifapy; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; kPJ9.2.4 ,yq;ifapy; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; kPJ9.2.4 ,yq;ifapy; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; kPJ9.2.4 ,yq;ifapy; khdpl nraw;ghLfs; ngsjpf epyj;Njhw;wk; kPJ

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jhf;fq;fs;

• mjd;gb #oy; gy;tifikia mbg;gilahf nfhz;L khdpl

nraw;ghLfs; me;je;j gFjpfspy; guk;gjy;

• rdj;njhif tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; khdpl Njitfs; mjpfpj;jy; vd;gtw;wld;

ngsjpf #oy; kw;Wk; tsq;fspd; gad;ghL mjpfupj;jy;

• #oy; tsq;fspd; gad;ghL mjpfupj;jy; fhuzkhf ngsjpf #oy;

khw;wj;Jf;F cl;glfpwJ. mRj;jkilfpwJ. tPz;gpuaj;Jf;F cl;gLfpwJ.

• cyu; tyag;gFjpfspy; Nridr; nra;if kw;Wk; new; nra;iff;fhfTk;

FbapUg;GfSf;fhfTk; fhLfis ntspr;rkhf;fy; kw;Wk; mopj;jy;

• kj;jpa kiyehl;Lg; gFjpfspd; Njhl;lg; gapu;r;nra;if kw;Wk;

FbapUg;Gf;fhf ntspr;rkhf;fydhy; ePu; Cw;Wfs; tw;Wjy;> kz;

mupg;G> kz;rupT Mfpatw;Wf;F cl;gLjy;

• Nkw;f> njd;Nkw;F> njw;F> fpof;F Mfpa fiuNahug;gFjpfspd; Rw;Wyhg;

gaz eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; kPd;gpb eltbf;iffs; NtW Nrit

eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf mjd; Njhw;wk; khw;wkiljy;

c-k;: fsg;G> Flh> fz;ly;> fiuNahuk;> fq;if fopKfq;fs;

• fiuNahu #oy; njhFjpapd; Njhw;wk; khw;wkiljy; %yk; fiuNahu

mupg;G mjpfupj;jy;> mjid jLg;gjw;fhf kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

fiuNahug; gfjpfspy; fy;Ntypfs;> Fnuha;du; kw;Wk; FWf;F

fy;Ntypfs; mikj;jy; %yk; fiuNahu ,aw;if Njhw;wg;ghL

khw;wkiljy;

• ifj;njhopy; gutypd; mjpfupg;gpdhy; ePu;> tsp kw;Wk; kz; khriljy;

ca;tile;Js;sJ.

c-k;: fsdp ejp

20

khjpupr; nraw;ghLfs;khjpupr; nraw;ghLfs;khjpupr; nraw;ghLfs;khjpupr; nraw;ghLfs;khjpupr; nraw;ghLfs;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; : -: -: -: -: - 9.2 ,yq;ifapd; ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl epyj;

Njhw;wj;jpd; jd;ikapid tpku;rdQ; nra;thu;.

nraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghL : -: -: -: -: -

fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk; : -: -: -: -: - 40

ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs; :- Njrpa Njrg;glj; njhFjp

- ghlrhiy gjpg;G

nraw;ghLfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy; :-nraw;ghLfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy; :-nraw;ghLfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy; :-nraw;ghLfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy; :-nraw;ghLfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy; :-

gb 1 :gb 1 :gb 1 :gb 1 :gb 1 :

• Njrpa Njrg;gl njhFg;gpYs;s ,yq;ifapd; nraw;iff;Nfhspd;

epow;Njrg;glq;fis fhl;rpg;gLj;jp mjpYs;s epwq;fSf;Nfw;g

fhzf;$ba gy;NtW Nfhyq;fspy; fhzf;$ba epyg;gad;ghl;L

jd;ikfs; njhlu;ghf rpW fye;Jiuahliy Nkw;nfhs;sy;.

(05 epkplk;)

gb 2 :gb 2 :gb 2 :gb 2 :gb 2 :

• khztu; FOf;fs; %d;wpid mikf;Ff.

• ,izg;Gfs; %d;wpidAk; %d;W FOf;fSf;Fk; gpupj;J toq;Ff.

• ,izg;gpid gad;gLj;jpfn fhz;L khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpy;

fhzf;$ba gy;ntW Nghf;Ffis ,dq;fhz;f.

• me ;j Nghf ;Ffs py ; fhzf ;$ba ,ay ;gfs ; kw ;Wk ;

khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g khdpl epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; ,ay;gpid tpsf;Ff.

(05 epkplk;)

gb 3 :gb 3 :gb 3 :gb 3 :gb 3 :

• khztupd; Kd;itg;Gfspd; gpd;du; rdj;njhifapd; gug;gsT>

Nru;f;if> mlu;j;jp kw;Wk; guk;gYldhd tpUj;jp Ntfk; khdpl

epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; gy;NtW Nghf;Ffs; cUthfpAs;s tpjj;jpid

Njrg;glq;fspd; cjtpAld; fhl;b cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

(05 epkplk;)

fzpg;gPl;L kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs;fzpg;gPl;L kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs;fzpg;gPl;L kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs;fzpg;gPl;L kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs;fzpg;gPl;L kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs;

• nraw;ifNfhs; Gifg;glq;fspd; cjtpAld; ,yq;ifapd; epyj; Njhw;wj;jpy;

fhzf;$ba Nghf;Ffis tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhifapd; gy;NtW Nru;f;iffSf;F Vw;g gy;NtW Nghf;Ffs;

cs;sd vd cjhuzk; fhl;Lthu;.

• rdj;njhif guk;gYf;fhf epyj;Njhw;wj;jpd; ,ay;G nry;thf;F nrYj;JfpwJ

vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L fUj;Jf;fs; Kd;itg;ghu;.

• FO nraw;ghLfSf;fhf nraw;wpwDld; gq;fspg;G nra;thu;.

• Mf;fj;jpwDld; FO Kd;itg;Gfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F gq;fspg;G nra;thu;.

21

Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp : -: -: -: -: - 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 ngsjPf kw;Wk; khdpl nraw;ghLfspd; ,ilj;

njhopw;ghl;il ngsjPf kw;Wk; khdpl Rw;whlypd;

kPJ nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; tpjk; njhlu;ghf

tpsf;fj;Jld; nraw;gLthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; : -: -: -: -: - 9.3.19.3.19.3.19.3.19.3.1 ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jpapd; ,l uPjpahd

NtWghLfis tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs; : -: -: -: -: - 10

fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs; : -: -: -: -: -

• mgptpUj;jpia vspa Kiwapy; mwpKfk; nra;thu;.

• mgptpUj;jpapd; ,luPjpahd NtWghLfis tpsf;Fthu;.

• mgptpUj;jpia msf;Fk; Rl;bfis tpsf;Fthu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jpapid Rl;bfs; %yk; ,yq;if

njhlu;gpy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; jfty;fisg; glj;jpd; cjtpAld;

tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

• mgptpUj;jp vdg;gLtJ njhlr;rpahf ,lk;ngWk; nrad;KiwahFk;. mJ

ehl;Lf;F ehL gpuNjrj;Jf;F gpuNjrk; NtWglf;$baJld; fhy mbg;gilapYk;

NtWgl KbAk;. ,t;thwhd NtWghLfSf;F gy;NtW fhuzpfs; VJthfpd;wd.

mNjNghy; mgptpUj;jpia mstpl gy;NtW ehLfs; ru;tNjr uPjpahf Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;l Rl;bfisg; gad;gLj;Jtu;.

• mgptpUj;jp vz;zf;fUit tpsf;fg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.

• mgptpUj;jpia mstpLtjw;F gad;gLj;jf;$ba gy;NtW mstPLfs; gw;wpa

vspa tpsf;fk; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;.

• mr;Rl;bfSlhf ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jpad; ,luPjpahd NtWghL

njhlu;ghfmilahsq;fhzy; ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpd; %yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

• mgptpUj;jp vd;gJ rpf;fyhd vz;zf;fUthFk;. vspikahf $wpdhy; mjdhy;

fUjg;gLtJ VNjDk; Jiwapy; kpfr; rpwg;ghf ,lk; ngWfpd;w khw;wk;

MFk;.

c-k; : fy;tp mgptpUj;jp> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp> tPjp mgptpUj;jp> efu

mgptpUj;jp> fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jp

• vdpDk; mgptpUj;jp vd;gjdhy; nghJthf fUjg;gLtJ kdpju;fspd; tho;f;ifapy;

Vw;gLfpd;w nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f uPjpapyhd tsu;r;rpahFk;.

• mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf gy;NtW tiutpyf;fzq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mjpy;

xU tiutpyf;fzk; fPNo fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf And];Nfh gpufldj;jpd; tiutpyf;fzk;.

“ehnlhd;wpd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpAld; r%f uPjpapyhd mgptpUj;jpAk;

Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;. r%f uPjpapyhd mgptpUj;jp Vw;gl Ntz;baJ czT>

Ngh\id> Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp> tPlikg;G> r%f ghJfhg;G> Mil mzpfs;>

Xa;T kw;Wk; kdpj Rje;jpuk; vd;gtw;wpyhFk;.” And];Nfh gpufldk; - 1978

22

• mjdhy; nghUshjhu Jiwapy; Vw;gLfpd;w tpUj;jp kl;Lk; mgptpUj;jp vd

Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ. nghUshjhuj;jpy; Vw;gLfpd;w tpUj;jpAld; kdpju;fspd;

tho;f;ifj;juj;jpYk; tpUj;jp Vw;gLtJ mtrpakhdjhFk;.

• kdpju;fspd; tho;f;ifj;juj;jpd; tpUj;jp vd;gjpy; tho;f;ifapd; gz;Gj;juk;

vd gpujhdkhf fUjg;gLtJ fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuj;Jiwapy; Vw;gLfpd;w

mgptpUj;jp MFk;.

mgptpUj;jpr; Rl;bfs;mgptpUj;jpr; Rl;bfs;mgptpUj;jpr; Rl;bfs;mgptpUj;jpr; Rl;bfs;mgptpUj;jpr; Rl;bfs;

• ehnlhd;wpd; mgptpUj;jp kl;lj;ij milahsq; fhz;gjw;fhf mgptpUj;jp

mstPLfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j mstPLfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

Rl;bfspd; %yk; ehnlhd;wpd; nghUshjhu tpUj;jp kw;Wk; ehl;L kf;fspd;

tho;f;if kl;lKk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.

• ,e;j mstPLfs; ahjhdpDk; ehnlhd;wpd; mgptpUj;jpapd; ,l uPjpapyhd

NtWghLfisj; njspTgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

• ,jw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w Rl;bfs; rpy fhzg; gLfpd;wd. ehk; ,q;F

ftj;jpy; nfhs;tJ ehd;F Rl;bfs; njhlu;ghf klLNk MFk;.

• jyh tUkhdk;jyh tUkhdk;jyh tUkhdk;jyh tUkhdk;jyh tUkhdk;/ jdpegu; tUkhdk; jdpegu; tUkhdk; jdpegu; tUkhdk; jdpegu; tUkhdk; jdpegu; tUkhdk;/ Ms;tPj tUkhdk Ms;tPj tUkhdk Ms;tPj tUkhdk Ms;tPj tUkhdk Ms;tPj tUkhdk;

VNjDk; nghUshjhunkhd;wpd; (ehnlhd;wpd;) Fwpj;j fhy fl;lj;jpDs;

(tUlnkhd;wpy;) Njrpa tUkhdj;jpy; xU egUf;F nrhe;jkhd gq;F jyh

tUkhdk; vd $wg;gLfpwJ.

• rpRkuz tPjk;rpRkuz tPjk;rpRkuz tPjk;rpRkuz tPjk;rpRkuz tPjk;

gpwg;gpd; NghJ my;yJ xU taij g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;Fs; ,wf;fpd;w njhif

rpR kuz tPjk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

– VNjDk; tUlnkhd;wpDs; rpR kuz tPjk; vz;zpf;if mt;thz;bd;

capUs;s gpwg;Gf;fSf;F tpfpjhrhukhf fhl;Ljy; rpR kuz tPjk;

vdg;gLfpwJ.

• gpwg;gpd; Nghjhd MAs; vjpu;ghu;g;Ggpwg;gpd; Nghjhd MAs; vjpu;ghu;g;Ggpwg;gpd; Nghjhd MAs; vjpu;ghu;g;Ggpwg;gpd; Nghjhd MAs; vjpu;ghu;g;Ggpwg;gpd; Nghjhd MAs; vjpu;ghu;g;G

gpwg;gpd; NghJ MAs; vjpu;ghu;g;G vd;gJ egnuhUtu; gpwf;fpd;w NghJ mtDf;F

my;yJ mtSf;F vjpu; fhyj;jpy; thof;$ba fhyk; vt;tsT vd;gij

nghJikg;gLj;jpg; ghu;g;gjhFk;.

jyh tUkhdk; =el;lhz;L rdj;njhif

Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpd; ehnlhd;wpd; KO tUkhdk;

rpR kuz tPjk; = x 1000mt;thz;bd; nkhj;j capUs;s

gpwg;G vz;zpf;if

Mz;nlhd;wpd; xU tajpw;F

Fiwe;j kuz vz;zpf;if

23

– ,e;j ngWkhdk; ehnlhd;wpd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f juj;jpd;

mbg;gilapYk; Mz;> ngz; vd;w mbg;gilapYk; NtWgLk;.

– ,e;j Rl;bia jahu;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ XusT rpf;fyhd> vz;fzpj uPjpapyhd>

tpQ;Qhd uPjpapyhd nrad;KiwahFk;.

• vOj;jwpTvOj;jwpTvOj;jwpTvOj;jwpTvOj;jwpT

VNjDk; ehnlhd;wpd; rdj;njhifapy; 10 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l egu;fspd; vOj;J

vOJjy; kw;Wk; thrpj;jYf;F cs;s ,aYik vOj;jwpT vd Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

– ,J KOr; rdj;njhifapd; rj tPj ngWkhdkhf fhl;lg;gLk;.

mgptpUj;jpapd; ,l uPjpahd NtWghLfs;mgptpUj;jpapd; ,l uPjpahd NtWghLfs;mgptpUj;jpapd; ,l uPjpahd NtWghLfs;mgptpUj;jpapd; ,l uPjpahd NtWghLfs;mgptpUj;jpapd; ,l uPjpahd NtWghLfs;

– cyfpd; ehLfs; gy;NtW mgptpUj;jp kl;lq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

mbg;gilapy; me;ehLfs; mgptpUj;jp mile;j ehLfs; kw;Wk; mile;J

tUk; ehLfs; vd NtWgLj;jp fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

– mjd;gb ,yq;if mgptpUj;jp mile;JtUk; ehLfspd; njhFjpapy;

mlq;Fk; xU ehlhFk;.

– mNjNghy; ehnlhd;wpDs;Sk; mgptpUj;jp gpuNjrj;jpw;F gpuNjrk; NtWglyhk;.

– mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; ehLfspYk; mgptpUj;jp mile;j ehLfspYk;

$l ,t;thwhd ,l uPjpapyhd NtWghLfisf; fhzyhk;.

– ,yq;if mgptpUj;jp mile;J tUk; xU ehlhifapdhy; mgptpUj;jpapy;

,l uPjpapyhd NtWghLfs; gy cz;L.

– Nkw; $wg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp mstPLfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l juTfspd;

gb ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jpapd; gpuNjr uPjpapyhd NtWghLfis ,dq;fz;L

nfhs;syhk;.

– ,jw;fhf mgptpUj;jpr; Rl;bfis gad;gLj;jp khfhz kw;Wk; khtl;l

mbg;gilapy; mgptpUj;jp kl;lq;fis ,dq;fz;Ls;sdu;.

– ,jw;fhf juTfis Njrg;glj;jpy; fhl;Ltjd; %yk; mgptpUj;jpapd; ,l

uPjpapyhd NtWghLfis njspthf ,dq;fhz KbAk;.

vOj;jwpT = X 10010 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l KO rdj;njhif

10 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l vOj> thrpf;ff;

$ba egu;fspd; vz;zpf;if

24

jyh tUkhdj;ij mgptpUj;jpapd; xU Rl;bahf fUJk; NghJ ,yq;ifapd;

mgptpUj;jpapd; khfhz kl;lj;jpy; Kuz;ghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wik

njspthFk;.

,yq;ifapd; jyh tUkhdk; khtl;l mbg;gil 2012 - 2013,yq;ifapd; jyh tUkhdk; khtl;l mbg;gil 2012 - 2013,yq;ifapd; jyh tUkhdk; khtl;l mbg;gil 2012 - 2013,yq;ifapd; jyh tUkhdk; khtl;l mbg;gil 2012 - 2013,yq;ifapd; jyh tUkhdk; khtl;l mbg;gil 2012 - 2013

%yk; : House hold income and expendiature survey 2012 / 2013 - Final repory

Department of census and statics

– khtl;l mbg;gilapy; jyh tUkhdj;ij ftdj;jpy; vLf;Fk; NghJ khjhe;j

jyh tUkhdk; nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpy; &gh 20>000 ,w;F mz;kpj;j

ngWkjpia nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,j;njhif &gh 19>346 MFk;.

– &gh 10>000 I tpl Fiwe;j khtl;lq;fs; 13 MFk;.

– Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lq;fs; Fiwe;j jyh tUkhdk;

cs;s khtl;lq;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit KiwNa &gh 6>310> &gh

6>276 MFk;.

Nkw;fhl;lg;gl;l ml;ltizapYs;s khtl;lq;fSf;Fkhd juTfs;

khztu;fSf;F toq;fg;gLtJ vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy.

– jyh tUkhdk; $ba> Fiwe;j kw;Wk; kj;jpa ngWkjpiaf; fhl;Lfpd;w

njupT nra;ag;gl;l khtl;lq;fs; rpytw;wpd; juTfs; kl;Lk; jahu;

nra;ag;gLtJ NghJkhdjhFk;.

Ky;iyj;jPT

fpspnehr;rp

kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzkiy

FUdhfiy

Gj;jsk;

mDuhjGuk;

nghyd;eWit

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGup

Nfhfiy

nfhOk;G

fk;g`h

fSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ghe;Njhl;il

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;

tTdpah

khtl;lk;jyh tUkhdk;

&gh (khjhe;j)

19346

14839

12559

10899

9392

9074

10533

10919

11821

8246

6727

11360

6310

7369

6276

8041

8776

11834

11098

9673

10307

9369

9406

11338

9909

khtl;lk;jyh tUkhdk;

&gh (khjhe;j)

25

rpW kuz tPjk;rpW kuz tPjk;rpW kuz tPjk;rpW kuz tPjk;rpW kuz tPjk;

rpR kuz tPjk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; - 2009rpR kuz tPjk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; - 2009rpR kuz tPjk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; - 2009rpR kuz tPjk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; - 2009rpR kuz tPjk; khtl;l mbg;gilapy; - 2009

rpRkuz tPjk; - ,yq;if 9.7

mjpfsthd rpR kuz khtl;lq;fs; - kd;dhu; 35.8

- tTdpah 25.1

- kl;lf;fsg;G 17.4

- nfhOk;G 15.1

Fiwe;j rpR kuz tPjk; nfhz;l khtl;lq;fs; - fpspnehr;rp 1.6

Ky;iyj;jPT 1.5

gpwg;gpd; MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;ifgpwg;gpd; MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;ifgpwg;gpd; MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;ifgpwg;gpd; MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;ifgpwg;gpd; MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;if

rdj;njhif kw;Wk; Fbrd kw;Wk; Fbj;njhif jpizf;fsj;jpd;gb 2013

tUlj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd; Mz;fs; MAs; vjpu;ghu;fif 72 tUlq;fshfTk;

ngz;fspd; MAs; vjpu;ghu;fif 78.6 Mftk; cs;sJ. ruhrup 74.2 MFk;.

,jd;gb ,yq;ifapd; gpwg;gpd;NghJ MAs; vjpu;ghu;ifia tpl cau; kl;lj;jpy;

fhzg;gbDk; khtl;lq;fSf;Nfw;g gpuNjrq;fspy; NtWghlfs; epyTfpd;wJ.

Ky;iyj;jPT

kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzkiy

FUdhfiy

Gj;jsk;

mDuhjGuk;

nghyd;eWit

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGup

Nfhfiy

,yq;if

nfhOk;G

fk;g`h

fSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ghe;Njhl;il

aho;g;ghzk;

fpspnehr;rp

kd;dhu;

tTdpah

khtl;lk; khtl;lk;

15'1

4'6

5'6

13'7

6'5

10'6

10'7

9'0

5'5

7'6

1'6

35'8

1'5

17'4

3'1

4'5

9'6

6'3

12'3

7'8

6'0

5'1

6'9

6'3

9'7

rpR kuz tPjk;

2009

1000 gpwg;gpw;F

rpR kuz tPjk;

2009

1000 gpwg;gpw;F

25'1

26

gpwg;gpd; NghJ MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;if khtl;l mbg;gilapy; 2013gpwg;gpd; NghJ MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;if khtl;l mbg;gilapy; 2013gpwg;gpd; NghJ MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;if khtl;l mbg;gilapy; 2013gpwg;gpd; NghJ MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;if khtl;l mbg;gilapy; 2013gpwg;gpd; NghJ MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;if khtl;l mbg;gilapy; 2013

%yk;: Fbrd kw;Wk; Fbj;njhif jpizf;fsk;

* ngz;> Mz; mbg;gilapy; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ ,yq;ifapd; Mz;fspd; cau;kl;l

MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;if mk;ghe;Njhlil khtl;lj;jpy; MFk;. mJ 74.2 tUlk;

MFk;. ngz;fspd; MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;if cau; kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLtJ mk;ghiw

khtl;lj;jpyhFk;. mJ 81.8 tUlq;fshFk;.

* MAs; vjpu;ghu;f;if Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fspf; tPjk; ,uz;Lk; Fiwe;j

kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLtJ Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;lj;jpyhFk;.

vOj;jwpTvOj;jwpTvOj;jwpTvOj;jwpTvOj;jwpT

– 2012 Fbrd kw;Wk; FbapUg;G fzf;nfLg;gpd;gb ,yq;ifapd; ahjhapDk;

xU nkhopapy; thrpf;fTk; vOjTk; cs;s jpwd; my;yJ vOj;jwpT tPjk;

95.7% MFk;.

– ,yq;ifapy; Mz;fspd; vOj;jwpT tPjk; 96.9% MfTk; ngz;fspd; vOj;jwpT

tPjk; 94.6% MfTk; cs;sJ. vOj;jwptpd;gb ,yq;if njd;dhrpahtpd;

ehLfSf;fpilapy; cau;e;j ,lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

– ,yq;ifapd; vOj;jwpT khtl;l mbg;gilapy; ftdj;jpy; vLf;Fk; NghJ

fk;g`h khtl;lj;jpy; mjp$ba vOj;jwpT gjpT nra;ag;gLtJld; Fiwe;j

vOj;jwpT gjpthfp ,Ug;gJ kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpyhFk;.

– Vida khtl;lq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; Etnuypah> mk;ghe;Njhl;il>

mk;ghiw kw;Wk; gJis khtl;lq; fspYk; vOj;jwpT kl;lk; Fiwe;j

ngWkjpiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

fpspnehr;rp

kl;lf;fsg;G

mk;ghiw

jpUNfhzkiy

FUdhfiy

Gj;jsk;

mDuhjGuk;

nghyd;eWit

gJis

nkhduhfiy

,uj;jpdGup

Nfhfiy

,yq;if

nfhOk;G

fk;g`h

fSj;Jiw

fz;b

khj;jis

Etnuypah

fhyp

khj;jiw

mk;ghe;Njhl;il

aho;g;ghzk;

kd;dhu;

tTdpah

Ky;iyj;jPT

khtl;lk; khtl;lk;

73'0

73'2

73'2

71'9

71'8

70'2

73'1

73'9

74'2

69'8

70'0

67'8

60'9

64'5

66'8

71'5

72'1

71'6

70'7

70'5

70'0

71'2

73'7

73'7

72'3

72'0

Mz; ngz;

78'5

79'9

79'7

77'8

78'5

75'9

79'9

80'2

79'8

76'8

77'0

76'7

72'9

ngz;Mz;

74'1

76'9

81'8

78'3

78'6

78'6

77'7

77'7

77'7

79'4

78'7

79'5

78'6

27

khtl;l mbg;gilapy; vOj;jwpT tPjk; - 2012khtl;l mbg;gilapy; vOj;jwpT tPjk; - 2012khtl;l mbg;gilapy; vOj;jwpT tPjk; - 2012khtl;l mbg;gilapy; vOj;jwpT tPjk; - 2012khtl;l mbg;gilapy; vOj;jwpT tPjk; - 2012

tiuG 10.5tiuG 10.5tiuG 10.5tiuG 10.5tiuG 10.5

Mz;> ngz; kw;Wk; gFjpfspd; gb egu;fspd; vOj;jwpT - 2012Mz;> ngz; kw;Wk; gFjpfspd; gb egu;fspd; vOj;jwpT - 2012Mz;> ngz; kw;Wk; gFjpfspd; gb egu;fspd; vOj;jwpT - 2012Mz;> ngz; kw;Wk; gFjpfspd; gb egu;fspd; vOj;jwpT - 2012Mz;> ngz; kw;Wk; gFjpfspd; gb egu;fspd; vOj;jwpT - 2012

– tiugpw;Nfw;g ,yq;ifapd; efu> fpuhkpa> Njhl;l mbg; gilapy; vOj;jwpT

tPjj;jpy; NtWghLfs; fhzg; gLfpd;wik njspthfpwJ.

– efug;gFjpfspy; vOj;jwpT tPjk; 97.7% MfTk; Njhl;lg;gFjpfspy; 86.1%

MfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

28

khjpup nraw;ghL 9.3khjpup nraw;ghL 9.3khjpup nraw;ghL 9.3khjpup nraw;ghL 9.3khjpup nraw;ghL 9.3

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; : -: -: -: -: - ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jpapd; gpuNjr NtWghLfis Muha;thu;.

nraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghL : -: -: -: -: - Rtu;g;gj;jpupif xd;iw jahupj;jy;

“,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jpapy; ,l uPjpahd NtWghLfs;”

fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk; : -: -: -: -: - 8 08 08 08080

ju cs;sPLfs; :-ju cs;sPLfs; :-ju cs;sPLfs; :-ju cs;sPLfs; :-ju cs;sPLfs; :- gpu];ly; Nghu;l; my;yJ nghf;]; Nghu;l;> epw Nghl;Nlh

nfhg;gp fljhrp> Njrg;glg;Gj;jfk;> ml;y]; Gj;jfk;> gir

(Gum)

fPo; $wg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf khztu;fspd; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;Jf.

• jiyg;G my;yJ nraw;ghl;il khztu;fSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jy;.

• jkf;F fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;w nraw;ghl;Lld; njhlu;ghd tplaq;fis

Rtu;g;gj;jpupifahf tFg;giwapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ.

• ,jw;fhf Kd; Maj;jg;gLj;jy; Njitnad;gNjhL Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;w

tplaq;fs;> jfty;fs; nfhz;L Rtu;g;gj;jpupifiaj; jahupj;jy;.

• FOr; nraw;ghlhf xOq;fikf;Ff.

• xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; cupa nraw;ghLfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLq;fs;

,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G,izg;G

nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO – 01 01 01 01 01

• mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf ntspaplg;gl;Ls;s tiutpyf;fzq;fs; kw;Wk; cq;fshy;

cUthf;fg;gl;l tiutpyf;fzk; rpytw;iw Rtu;g;gj;jpiff;fhf jahu;gLj;jy;.

• mgptpUj;jpapd; ,l uPjpahd NtWghLfs; njhlu;ghf NgRfpd;w Rl;bfis

NtW Ntwhf tpsf;Fjy;.

* jyhtUkhdk; * rpRkuz tPjk;

* MAs; vjpu;ghu;g;G * vOj;jwpT

nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk; FO – 0202020202

• Nkw; $wg;gl;l Rl;bfspd; cjtpAld; ,yq;ifapd; khtl;lq;fs; my;yJ

khfhz mbg;gilapy; jahu; nra;ag;gl;l juTfs;

• jahupj;Jf; nfhz;l ,yq;ifapd; Gw cUtg;glk; xd;wpDs; juTfis

cl;gLj;jy;> ,jw;fhf nghUj;jkhd Kiwnahd;iwg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

c+k;: khtl;l/ khfhz tiuglnkhd;wpy; me;j gpuNjrj;jpw;Fupa juTfis

Kd;itj;jy;.

29

Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp : -: -: -: -: - 9 .49.49.49.49.4 ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl epyj;Njhw;wq;fis ghJfhj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;Fk;> epiyg;gpw;Fk; cWJizahf

mikAk; Neu;kdg;ghq;Fld; ele;J nfhs;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; : -: -: -: -: - 9.4.19.4.19.4.19.4.19.4.1 ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl #oiy rkepiyahfg;

Ngzpf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; gq;fspg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs; : -: -: -: -: - 10

fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs; : -: -: -: -: -

• #oy; fhuzpapid tiu tpyf;fzk; nra;thu;.

• #oy; rkepiyapidg; NgZtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij

tpsf;Fthu;.

• #oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiytjw;fhd fhuzpfis tpgupg;ghu;.

• #oy; rkepiy ghjpg;GWtjhy; Vw;gLk; ghjf tpisTfis

EZfpaha;thu;.

• #oy; rhu; xOf;f newpfis filg;gpbg;gjhy; epiyNgz;

mgptpUj;jpf;F toptpLk; vd;gij nraw;ghLfspd; Clhf

tpsq;fpf; nfhs;thu;.

ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;ghlj;ij jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

• #oy; njhlu;ghf tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. #oy; vd;gJ

capUs;s> capuw;w nghUl;fshyhd Rw;WGwk; MFk;. ,r; Rw;Wg;Gwg; gug;G

kw;Wk; juj;jpy; xd;Nwhnlhd;W NtWglf; $Lk;. xl;L nkhj;j G+kpiaAk;

jdpj;j xU #oyhf fUjKbAk;. G+kpapy; epyTk; khDl kw;Wk; ngsjPf

njhopw; ghLfs; kdpjdpd; epyTifapy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. mjd;

gb #oy; njhlu;gpy; tpsf;fj;Jld; nraw;gl Ntz;baJ kdpjDila nghWg;Gk;

flikAkhFk;. ,t;thW nraw;gLtjhy; #oy; rkepiyapid Ngzpf;nfhs;t

NjhL> Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp gpuNtrj;ij gpd;gw;Wtjw;F top Vw;gLk;.

#oNyhL ,ize;j xOf;fg; gz;Gfs; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;jp mgptpUj;jp

nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ #oYf;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;gpid

,optsthf;fpf; nfhs;syhk;. #oy; rkepiyAk; mJ rPuope;J tUtjw;fhd

fhuzq;fs; mjpy; fhzg;gLk; ghjf tpisTfs; Nghd;wit njhlu;ghfTk;

Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpapd; mtrpak; njhlu;ghfTk; fw;wy; ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpy;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

#oy; rkepiy#oy; rkepiy#oy; rkepiy#oy; rkepiy#oy; rkepiy

“capupdq;fs; thOk; #oyhdJ ,aw;ifahf epfOk; NtWghLfSf;F

,irTw;W #oy; gy;tifikia xg;gPl;L uPjpapYk;> epiyahfTk; Ngzpr;

nry;tJ #oy; rkepiyahFk;”

30

#oy; rkepiyapd; Njit#oy; rkepiyapd; Njit#oy; rkepiyapd; Njit#oy; rkepiyapd; Njit#oy; rkepiyapd; Njit

kdpjd; #oNyhL ,ize;j #oy; njhFjpapd; Xu; mq;fkhFk;. #oypy;

Vw;gLk; khWjy;fs; kdpjdpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. kdpj nraw;ghLfSk;

#oypy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. xd;NwhL xd;W njhlu;Ggl;l ,j;

jhf;fj;jpid rkepiyahf NgZjy; capupdq;fspd; epiyg;Gf;F Njitg;

gLfpd;wJ.

#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiotjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiotjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiotjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiotjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiotjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;

,aw;if #oyhdJ xd;NwhL xd;W njhlu;Ggl;l gy;NtW $Wfshy; MFk;.

,t; xt;nthU $WfSk; #oypd; epiyg;gpw;F mj;jpahtrpakhFk;. ahNjDk;

xU $nwhd;wpy; Vw;gLk; NtWghl;bdhy; KOr; #oYk; tPo;r;rpailAk;. ,J

#oy; mrkepiy vdg;gLk;. #oy; mrkepiyf;F VJthFk; fhuzpfs; gythFk;.

– mjpfupj;j tsg; gad;ghL

– mjpf vupnghUs; ghtid

– Kiwaw;w mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfs;

– ,urhadg; nghUl;fs; ghtid

– fhlopg;G

– jho;epyq;fis epug;Gjy;

– Kiwaw;w epyg;gad;ghL

– nghUj;jkhd njhopy;El;gj;ij gad;gLj;jhik

#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiytjhy; Vw;gLk; ghjf tpisTfs#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiytjhy; Vw;gLk; ghjf tpisTfs#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiytjhy; Vw;gLk; ghjf tpisTfs#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiytjhy; Vw;gLk; ghjf tpisTfs#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiytjhy; Vw;gLk; ghjf tpisTfs;

#oy; rkepiy rPu;Fiytjhy; Vw;gLk; ghjf tpisTfs; gythFk;.

– tsp kz;ly ntg;gk; miljy;

– ghiy epykhjy;

– fly; ePu; kl;lk; cau;jy;

– czT kw;Wk; ePu; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLk;

– mkpy kiy nga;jy;

– XNrhd; gil Nja;tiljy;

– capu;fspd; gy;tifik ghjpg;GWjy;

– kz; mupg;G> kz; rupT

– nts;sg;ngUf;F> fhl;Lj; jP kw;Wk; kz;rupT Nghd;w ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fs;

Vw;gLk;.

#oy; rkepiy tPo;r;rp njhlu;gpy; czu;tjpy;iy> Nkw;gb ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fs

kw;Wk; rpf;fy;fs; cUthFk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; czu;e;J nfhs;fpd;whd;. mt;thwhd

re;ju;g; gj;jpy; rpf;fy;fs; njhlu;ghf ftdj;ij nrYj;Jfpd;whd;. MdhYk;

njhlu;r;rpahd ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jhikapdhy; mt;thwhd rpf;fy;fs;

,optsthfhjNjhL> ngUkstpy; Vw;gLk;.

31

#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fspd; Njit#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fspd; Njit#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fspd; Njit#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fspd; Njit#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fspd; Njit

“Xu; rKfj;jpd; mq;fj;jtu;fs; gpd;gw;Wk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l rl;l jpl;lq;fs;>

rlq;F rk;gpujhaq;fs; tof;fhWfs; vd;gd xOf;fq;fshFk;. fw;Nfhsk;>

tspf;Nfhsk;> ePu ;f ;Nfhsk;> capu ;f ;Nfhsk; Mfpatw;iw rpwg;ghd

Kfhikj;Jtj;NjhL Ngzpr; nry;tjw;F Njitahd mu;j;jKs;s gaDs;s

ew;gof;f tof;fq;fs; #oy; rhu; xKf;fg; gz;Gfs; MFk;.”

ehfuPfq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngWtjw;F Kd;dNu kdpjd; RoYld; ,iae;j tifapy;

jdJ Njitfis epiwT nra;J nfhz;Ls;shd;. mjw;Nfw;g fhLfspy;

trpj;J jdJ Njitfis mjD}lhf epiwT nra;J nfhz;lJ #oy; njhlu;gpy;

rpwe;j mwptpid nfhz;bUe;jikapdhy; MFk;.

Muk;gfhyj;jpy; kdpjd; #oy; ghfq;fis nja;tPfj;jd;ikAld; Nehf;fpa

mNjNtis mtw;Wf;F tzf;f topghLfisAk; Nkw;nfhz;lhd;. gpw;fhyj;jpy;

,t; tk;rq;fs; gy;NtW rkaq; fSf;Fs;Sk; GFe;Js;sd.

#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fs; njhlu;gpyhd rka uPjpahd vz;zf;fUf;fs#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fs; njhlu;gpyhd rka uPjpahd vz;zf;fUf;fs#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fs; njhlu;gpyhd rka uPjpahd vz;zf;fUf;fs#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fs; njhlu;gpyhd rka uPjpahd vz;zf;fUf;fs#oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fs; njhlu;gpyhd rka uPjpahd vz;zf;fUf;fs;

“goq;fs;> kyu;fs; nra;Nthu; xw;iwabg; ghyk;> ghyk; mikg;Nghu;> fpzWfs;>

Fsq;fs;> ePu; epiyfis mikg;Nghu;> trpg;gplq;fis mikj;Jf; nfhLg;Nghu;

MfpNahUf;F ,uT gfy; vt;NtisapYk; Gz;zpak; fpl;LtNjhL mtu;fs;

eyk; ngWtu;.”

– Gj;j ngUkhd; –

“,t;Tyfpy; cs;sit midj;Jk; flTSilaNj capUs;s jhapDk;

capuw;witahapDk; midj;jpYk; mtupd; Ml;rp epyTfpwJ. Mjyhy; xUtu;

jdf;F Njitahd msit khj;jpuNk ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> kpFjpia

flTsplk; tpl;Ltpl Ntz;Lk;.”

– itjPf fpue;jk; -

“,e;j G+kp ,Uf;Fk; tiu tpijr;rYk;> mWtilAk;> FspUk;> ntg;gKk;>

NfhilAk;> khupAk;> ,uTk;> gfYk; njhlu;r;rpahf epyTk;.”

– Gdpj iggps; –

“cyfk; gRikahdJ> mofhdJ. ,iwtd; cq;fis mtw;iw

Ngzpg;ghJfhf;fpd;w eguhf epakpj;Js;shd;. ePq;fs; mij vt;thW

Nkw;nfhs;fpwPu; vd mtd; vr;rupf;ifAld; ghu;itapLfpd;whd;.”

– KjyhtJ fyPgh mGgf;fu; (wyp) –

32

NtW #oy; xOf;fq;fs;NtW #oy; xOf;fq;fs;NtW #oy; xOf;fq;fs;NtW #oy; xOf;fq;fs;NtW #oy; xOf;fq;fs;

– cyfpd; gy;ntW goq;Fbapdu; #oYf;F Kjd;ik ,lj;ij ngw;wf;

nfhLj;Js;sdu;.

– Guhjd ,yq;ifapd; tptrha nghUshjhuj;jpDs; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; gy;NgtW

topKiwfs; Clhf #oYf;F ,irthd jd;ik njupa tUfpd;wJ.

c-k;: ePupd; juj;jpid Ngzy;> kuq;nrb nfhbfs; kw;wk; tpyq;Ffis

ghJfhj;jy;

#oy; rkepiyAk; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fSk;#oy; rkepiyAk; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fSk;#oy; rkepiyAk; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fSk;#oy; rkepiyAk; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fSk;#oy; rkepiyAk; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fSk;

mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; #oy; rkdpiy vd;gd xd;NwhL xd;W njhlu;Ggl;l

vz;zf;fUf;fshFk;. Muk;g fhyj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;Ls;sik

njspthfpwJ. #oYf;F ghjpg;G Vw;glhj tifapy; Guhjhd tptrha Kiwfs;

njhopEl;g Kiwfis gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ #oy; rkepiyapy; khWjy;fs;

Vw;gltpy;iy. mt;thwhd Kiwfs; rpy fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

– khw;Wg; gapu; nra;if Kiw

– fyg;G gapu; nra;if Kiw

– fhy;tha;fspd; ,U kUq;fpYk; Fk;Gf; kuq;fis ehl;ly;

– Guhjd gPilehrpdpf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs;

– Nrjd gris gad;ghL

– #oYld; ,irthf;fk; mile;J gapu;fis njupT nra;jYk;> gapu; nra;if

Kiwfis gad;gLj;JYk;.

Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpNgz;jF mgptpUj;jpNgz;jF mgptpUj;jpNgz;jF mgptpUj;jpNgz;jF mgptpUj;jp

– mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fis jahupf;Fk; NghJ Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp Kd;ndLg;G

kw;Wk; #oy; rhu; xOf;fq;fSf;F ,iaghf;fk; mila Ntz;bajd; Njit

fzprkhf mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

– ,yq;if Njrpa kw;Wk; ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpf;fhd gy;NtW

eltbf;iffis gpd;gw;Wfpd;wJ.

• Njrpa uPjpapy; nraw;ifg; gapu;nra;ifiag; gpugy;ag;gLj;jy;> gRik

efuq;fs; Nghd;w vz;zf;fUf;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.

• Njrpa ghJfhg;G jpl;lk; xd;wpid Kd;itj;Js;sNjhL mjD}lhf fPo;tUk;

Jiwfs; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1. jpl;lkpl;l epyg; gad;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;sy;

2. td [Ptuhrpfs; kw;Wk; fhLfisg; ghJfhj;jy;

3. fhL> ePu; kw;Wk; kz;zpw;F ghjpg;G Vw;glhj tifapy; tptrha

mgptpUj;jpapid Nkw;nfhs;sy;.

4. rdj;njhif kw;Wk; tsg;gq;fPl;il rkg;gLj;jy;.

5. fiuNahu ghJfhg;G

6. 1>500 kPw;wUf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l cauk; nfhz;l epyg; gad;ghl;il jLj;jy;

7. #oy; rhu; fy;tp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sy;

8. ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp rhu;e;j #Oy; ghjpg;Gf; fis kjpg;gply;>

kPs;Row;rp> ifj;njhopy; MNyhrid Nritfis epWTjy;.

33

9. kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhu rigia epWTjy;

10. Rw;whly; mikr;ir epWTjy;.

,yq;ifapy; #oy; rkepiy ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s,yq;ifapy; #oy; rkepiy ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s,yq;ifapy; #oy; rkepiy ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s,yq;ifapy; #oy; rkepiy ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s,yq;ifapy; #oy; rkepiy ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s

eltbf;iffs;.eltbf;iffs;.eltbf;iffs;.eltbf;iffs;.eltbf;iffs;.

,jw;fhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l ,U rl;lq;fs; fPNo fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ.

– fiuNahug; ghJfhg;G rl;lq;fs;

– Njrpa kuGupikfs; tdg;ghJfhg;G rl;lk;

ru;tNjr uPjpapy; #oy; rkepiyia Ngzpf;nfhs;tjw;F ,yq;ifru;tNjr uPjpapy; #oy; rkepiyia Ngzpf;nfhs;tjw;F ,yq;ifru;tNjr uPjpapy; #oy; rkepiyia Ngzpf;nfhs;tjw;F ,yq;ifru;tNjr uPjpapy; #oy; rkepiyia Ngzpf;nfhs;tjw;F ,yq;ifru;tNjr uPjpapy; #oy; rkepiyia Ngzpf;nfhs;tjw;F ,yq;if

Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s cld;gbf;iffs;.Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s cld;gbf;iffs;.Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s cld;gbf;iffs;.Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s cld;gbf;iffs;.Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s cld;gbf;iffs;.

• <u epy ghJfhg;G rk;ge;jkhd wk;rhu; cld;gbf;if

• upNah cld;gbf;if

• nkhd;wpay; cld;gbf;if

34

khjpup nraw;ghLkhjpup nraw;ghLkhjpup nraw;ghLkhjpup nraw;ghLkhjpup nraw;ghL

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; : -: -: -: -: - 9.4 ngsjpf kw;Wk; khdpl #oiy rkepiyahfg; Ngzpf;

nfhs;tjw;Fg; gq;fspg;ghu;.

nraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghLnraw;ghL : -: -: -: -: - “#oy; rkepiyiaf; fhg;Nghk;”

fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk; : -: -: -: -: - 80 epkplq;fs;

ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs;ju cs;sPLfs; : -: -: -: -: - bikd; jhs;> gpup];ly; Nghl;> #oy; njhFjpfis fhl;Lk;

cUtg;glq;fs;> mit mopTWtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;>

tpisTfis fhl;Lk; glq;fs;.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; :-fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; :-fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; :-fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; :-fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; :-

,r; nraw;ghl;bd; %yk; #oy; rkepiyapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mJ tPo;r;rp

miltjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;> ghjf tpisTfs; njhlu;ghf ftdk;

nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. khztu;fSf;F mtrpakhd nraw;wpwDld; <Lg;glf; $ba

nraw;ghlhfTk; mikAk;. ,J Njitf;F Vw;g jdp kw;Wk; FO nraw;ghlhf

Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. kpfTk; tpUk;gj;jf;f fw;ww; re;ju;g; gq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;s KbAk;. ghlj;ij Muk;gpg;gjw;F rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd;gjhfNt #oy;

rkepiy> #oy; rkepiy tPo;r;rp> mjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjf tpisTfis fhl;Lk;

glq;fis Nrfupg;gjw;F MNyhrid toq;Ff.

gb 1 :gb 1 :gb 1 :gb 1 :gb 1 :

• ,aw;ifapd; rPuopTf;Fl;glhj #oy; glk; xd;wpidAk;>

rPuopTf;Fl;gl;l #oiy fhl;Lk; glk; xd;wpidAk; xg;gpl;L

tpdTtjd; %yk; ghlj;jpDs; gpuNtrpj;jy;.

gb 2 :gb 2 :gb 2 :gb 2 :gb 2 :

• khztu;fisf; FOf;fshf;fp xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; Njitahd

gpd;dpizg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; nghUl;fis toq;Fjy;. mjd;gb

gpd;dpizg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; #oypy; kdpjdpd; jiyaPLk; mjdhy;

Vw;gLk; rhjf> ghjf tpisTfisAk; fhl;Lk; glq;fs; (Kd;ghfNt

glq;fis Nrfupg;gjw;F MNyhrid toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;) nraw;ghL

njhlu;ghd MNyhridfs; Muk;gj;jpNyNa toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

#oy; rkepiy> mJ tPo;r;rpaila VJthd fhuzpfs; njhlu;gpy;

RUf;fkhd fye;Jiuahliy Nkw;nfhs;f. xt;nthU jiyaPl;bw;Fk;

nghUj;jkhd glq;fis jdpj;jdp Nfhitfspy; Ntwhf

fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.

35

gb 3 :gb 3 :gb 3 :gb 3 :gb 3 :

• khztu;fshy; Ntwhf;fg;gl;l Nfhitfis jiyaPl;bw;F Vw;g

Kd;itf;f re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff. Vida khztu;fsplk; fUj;Jf;fis

tpdtp glq;fspd; nghUj;jg;gl;il fye;JiuahLf.

gb 4 :gb 4 :gb 4 :gb 4 :gb 4 :

• nraw;ghL eilngWk; NghJk; ,WjpapYk; kjpg;g Pl ;Lf;F

cl;gLj;jyhk;. ghlj;ij rhuhk;rg;gLj;jp epajpfSf;F Vw;g Gs;sp

toq;FtNjhL gpd;D}l;liyAk; toq;Ff.

kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs; :kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs; :kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs; :kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs; :kjpg;gPl;L epajpfs; :

* #oy; rkepiy vd;why; vd;d vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;.

* #oy; rkepiy tPo;r;rp miltjpy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs;.

* #oy; rkepiy tPo;r;rp miltjhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfis Kd;itg;ghu;.

* Rw;whly; rkepiyiag; NgZtjd; Njitia tpsf;Fthu;.

* Kd;dhaj;jj;Jld; nraw;gLk; Mw;wiy ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

* cupa fhyj;jpy; ntw;wp fukhf epiwT nra;thu;.

* Mf;fg+u;tkhf Kd;itg;ghu;.

gpd;dpizg;Ggpd;dpizg;Ggpd;dpizg;Ggpd;dpizg;Ggpd;dpizg;G

#oypd; kPJ kdpjdpd; jiyaPLk; mtw;wpdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisT fs; njhlu;ghd

gl;bay; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;tpuz;bYk; fhzg;gLk; tplaq;fSf;F Vw;g

cUtg;gl;q;fis Nrfupj;J Nfhit xd;iwj; jahu; nra;f.

#oypd; kPjhd kdpj #oypy; Vw;gLj;Jk;

jiyaPL tpisTfs;

* mjpfsT vupnghUs; * ghiy epykhjy;

ghtid

* fhLfisj; jPaply; * gdpg;ghiw cUthjy;

* gRik efuq;fis * mofpa efuq;fis

mikj;jy; mikj;jy;

* ,urhad nghUs; * kz;rupT

ghtid

* jpl;lkpl;l tPjp mikg;G * rpWePuf Neha; Vw;gLjy;

* jho;epyq;fis epug;Gjy; * xl;rprd; jhq;fp gad;ghL

* Kiwaw;w fl;ll * ghjfkhd #upaf;fjpu;fs;

epu;khzq;fs; %yk; jhtuq;fSf;F>

* fiuNahu njhFjpfs; capupdq;fSf;F Neha;fs;

mopTWjy; Vw;gLjy;

36

* KUiff;fy; mfo;T * MNuhf;fpakhd r%fk; xd;W

cUthFjy;

* tPjpNahuq;fspy; kuf;fd;W * ePu; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gly;

fis ehl;Ljy;

* mDkjpapd;wp kzy; mfo;T * ,aw;ifr;#oy; tsu;r;rp

miljy;

* td [Ptuhrpfisg; * kz;tsk; ghJfhf;fg;gly;

ghJfhj;jy;

* Kiwaw;w foptfw;wy; * MWfs; ngUf;nfLjj;y;

* Mw;Wg; gs;sj;jhf;Ffis * tpyq;Ffs; ,wj;jy; ghJfhj;jy;

* fhlopg;G * ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; tw;wpg; Nghjy;

* ,urhad grisg; * tul;rp

gad;ghL

* njhopw;rhiyfspypUe;J * #oypd; moFjd;ik

ntspNaWk; Gif tsp mopTwy;

kz;lyj;Jld; Nru;jy; * nfhs;is Neha; Vw;gly;

* flw;fiu mupg;Gf;Fs;shjy; * #oy; ntg;gepiy mjpfupj;jy;

* ePu; epiyfs; mRj;jkiljy;

37

myF 5 - myF 5 - myF 5 - myF 5 - myF 5 - ,yq;if 1:50 000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;gl thrpg;G,yq;if 1:50 000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;gl thrpg;G,yq;if 1:50 000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;gl thrpg;G,yq;if 1:50 000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;gl thrpg;G,yq;if 1:50 000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;gl thrpg;G

Nju;r;rp 9.5Nju;r;rp 9.5Nju;r;rp 9.5Nju;r;rp 9.5Nju;r;rp 9.5 : -: -: -: -: - juT kw;Wk; jfty; fisg; gFg;gha;T nra;jy;>

tpsf;fkspj;jy;> Kd;itg;gjw;fhf Gtpap ay; El;g

Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; : -: -: -: -: - 9.5 Njrg;glnkhd;wpy; fhzg;Lk; Gtpapay; gz;Gfis

tpgupg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs; : -: -: -: -: - 18

fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs;fw;ww; NgWfs; : -: -: -: -: -

• toq;fg;gl;l 1 : 50>000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; glg; gFjpapd;

JizAld; ngsjpf kw;Wk; gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fisg;

ngaupL thu;

• toq;fg;gl;l ,yq;ifapd; ,ltpsf;ftpay; ghlg;

gFjpapYs;s ngsjpf> khdpl mk;rq;fSf;fpilapyhd

,ilj; njhlu;gpid RUf;fkhf tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlj;ij jahupg;gjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;ghlj;ij jahupg;gjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;ghlj;ij jahupg;gjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;ghlj;ij jahupg;gjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;ghlj;ij jahupg;gjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;

1 : 50>000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s ngsjPf> gz;ghl;L

mk;rq;fs; Clhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l gz;Gfs; rpytw;iw ,dq;fhzy;> mtw;wpd;

,ilj; njhlu;gpid tpsf;Fjy; njhlu;ghf fw;wy; ,t;tyfpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

juk; vl;by; 1 : 50>000 Njrg;glj;jpd; njupT nra;ag;gl;l ngsjPf gz;ghl;L

mk;rq;fis ,dq; fhZk; mbg;gilapy; ,t; myfpid fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf

gad;gLj;j KbAk;. 1 : 50>000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;gl thrpg;gpw;fhf xOq;fikf;

fg;gl;l Fwptpsf;f ml;ltiz> FwpaPLfs; cs;slq;fyhf Fwptpsf;fj;ij

,q;F gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,t; mj;jpahaj;ij gad;gLj;jp ,yq;ifapd; 1 : 50>000 ,l tpsf;ftpay;

Njrg;glj;jpd; ,yf;fk; 91 khj;jiw ,l tpsf;ftpay; Njrg;glj;jpd; xU gFjpy;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

38

khj;jiw ,ltpsf;ftpay; glk;khj;jiw ,ltpsf;ftpay; glk;khj;jiw ,ltpsf;ftpay; glk;khj;jiw ,ltpsf;ftpay; glk;khj;jiw ,ltpsf;ftpay; glk;

39

fw;gjw;fhf ngsjPf gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.fw;gjw;fhf ngsjPf gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.fw;gjw;fhf ngsjPf gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.fw;gjw;fhf ngsjPf gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.fw;gjw;fhf ngsjPf gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.

ngsjPf mk;rq;fs;ngsjPf mk;rq;fs;ngsjPf mk;rq;fs;ngsjPf mk;rq;fs;ngsjPf mk;rq;fs;

1. rkntsp 2. Nkl;Lepyk;

3. gpujhd MW 4. fpisahW

5. Mw;Wg; gs;sj;jhf;F 6. jPT

7. Kid 8. flw;Flh

gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw milahsk; fhzy;gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw milahsk; fhzy;gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw milahsk; fhzy;gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw milahsk; fhzy;gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fs; rpytw;iw milahsk; fhzy;

1. khtl;l vy;iy

2. gpujhd tPjp

3. rpW tPjp

4. Gifapuj tPjp

5. ney;> Njapiy> njd;id> ,wg;gu; kw;Wk; tPl;Lj; Njhl;lk;

6. rkaj;jyq;fs;

7. ghlrhiy> itj;jparhiy> nghyp];> jghy; epiyak;

ngsj Pf kw ;Wk ; gz ; g hl ;L mk ; rq ; fSf ;f pila py ; fhzg ; gLk ;ngsj P f kw ;Wk ; gz ; g hl ;L mk ; rq ; fSf ;f pila py ; fhzg ; gLk ;ngsj P f kw ;Wk ; gz ; g hl ;L mk ; rq ; fSf ;f pila py ; fhzg ; gLk ;ngsj P f kw ;Wk ; gz ; g hl ;L mk ; rq ; fSf ;f pila py ; fhzg ; gLk ;ngsj P f kw ;Wk ; gz ; g hl ;L mk ; rq ; fSf ;f pila py ; fhzg ; gLk ;

,ilj;njhlu;Gfs;.,ilj;njhlu;Gfs;.,ilj;njhlu;Gfs;.,ilj;njhlu;Gfs;.,ilj;njhlu;Gfs;.

1. ePu; epiyfSf;Fk;> new;gapu; epyg;guk;gy;

2. jiuj;Njhw;w NtWghLfSk; gpwg;gapu;fspd; guk;gYk;

3. rkntsp gpuNjrq;fSk; gpujhd tPjp Nghf;Ftuj;J.

4. cau;e;j gpuNjrKk; rpWtPjpfSk;

5. flw;fiuNahu gpuNjrq;fSk; gpujhd tPjpfSk;> Gifapuj tPjpAk;.

jug;gl;l 1 : 50>000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;glj;jpd; gFjp njhlu;ghd gz;Gfs;

cs;slf;fk; Fwptpsf;fg;gz;Gfs; njhlu;ghf fw;gjw;F re;ju;g;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhLf;fTk;.

• fly; kw;Wk; jiu gpuNjrq;fspid ,dk; fhzy;

• gpujhd MW kw;Wk; fpisahWfis milahsk; fhzy;.

• Flh> fsg;G> Kid> Mfpa flw;fiuNahu gz;Gfis ,dk; fhzy;.

• Nkl;Lepyk;> gs;sj;jhf;Ffis ,dq;fhzy;

,g; gz;Gfspd; guk;giy mwpe;J nfhs;tJld; Fwptpsf;fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;

msTj;jpl;lj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk;.

– njupT nra;ag;gl;l gz;ghl;L ,ay;Gfs; njhlu;ghf Fwptpsf;fj;Jld;

Njbawpa re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fTk; gpuNjrq;fspd; mf; fyhrhu gz;Gfs;

guk;gpAs;s tpjj;jpw;Nfw;g gpuNjrj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;l vspa

ml;ltidia jahupg;gjw;F mwpTiu toq;fTk;.

c-k;: new; gapu;r;nra;if – Mw;Wg; gs;sj;jhf;F gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

njq;F gapu; – flw;fiuNahu gpuNjq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

khtl;l vy;iy – fpof;F vy;iy.

40

– ngsjPf kw;Wk; gz;ghl;L ,ay;GfSf;fpilapy; njhlu;gpid vLj;Jf;fhl;b

thf;fpaq;fis mikg;gjw;F topgLj;jTk;. ,J njhlu;ghf Kiwahd

fye;Jiuahly; elhj;Jjy; mtrpak;.

c-k; :

ney;ypd; tsu;r;rpf;fhf nropg;ghd tz;ly; kz; kw;Wk; rkntspg; gpuNjrk;

mtrpakhifahy; fq;if fopKfq;fspy; ney; gapuplg;gLfpd;wJ.

– cau; epyg; gpuNjrq;fspy; Njapiy kw;Wk; ,wg;gh; gapuplg;gLk; epyq;fs;

gue;Js;sd.

nraw;ghLfs; :nraw;ghLfs; :nraw;ghLfs; :nraw;ghLfs; :nraw;ghLfs; :

,yq;ifapd; 1 : 50>000 ,ltpsf;fg;glj;jpd; xU gFjpia njupT nra;J ghlj;jpid

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Nkyjpf nraw;ghLfis nra;tjw;F khztu;fSf;F

re;ju;g;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fTk;.

• cupa ngsjPftpay; ,ay;Gfs;

• gz;ghl;L ,ay;Gfs;

• ,tw;wpw;fpilapyhd ,ilj;njhlu;Gfs;.

,it njhlu;ghd RUf;f Fwpg;G toq;Ftjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;fTk;. ,jid

jdpahs; my;yJ FO nraw;ghlhf xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

ju cs;sPLfs; :ju cs;sPLfs; :ju cs;sPLfs; :ju cs;sPLfs; :ju cs;sPLfs; :

1. ,yq;ifapd; 1 : 50>000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;glq;fspy; ,yf;fk; - 91 khj;jiw

Njrg;glj;jpd; xU gFjpahFk;. ,yq;ifapd; epy msit jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;

ntspaplg;gLk; Njrg;glq;fspd; gpujpfs; gy>

2. 1 : 50>000 ,ltpsf;ftpay; Njrg;glk; njhlu;ghf Fwp tpsf;fij cs;slf;fpa

gpujpfs; gy (,izg;G 2)>

3. khj;jiw Njrg;glj;jpd; mikg;gpw;Nfw;g mikf;fg;gl;l mz;zsthd

msTj;jpl;lKk; mjd; gpujpfs; gyTk;

4. ,yq;ifapd; 1 : 50>000 Njrg;glj;jpd; gy juTfs;.

fzpg;gPL kw;Wk; kjpg;gPLfzpg;gPL kw;Wk; kjpg;gPLfzpg;gPL kw;Wk; kjpg;gPLfzpg;gPL kw;Wk; kjpg;gPLfzpg;gPL kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL

gad;gLj;jf; $ba epajpfs; gytw;iwf; fhl;lf; $bajhf cs;sJld; ,jw;Nfw;g

epajpfis mikj;J kjpg;gPl;bw;F gad;gLj;jTk;.

c+k; :

– cupa ngsjPf gz;Gfis rupahf mwpe;J nfhs;tu;.

– gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fis rupahf mwpe;J nfhs;tu;.

– ngsjPf gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fSf;fpilapyhd njhlu;gpidf; fw;Wf;nfhs;tu;.