july 07 cd · 2007-07-18 · ]©m-bØv cmpv am\h hnik\ kqnniifnse t\´ßfpss imcyØn¬ c¥ybnse...
TRANSCRIPT
t]Pp-I-fn¬
]pkvXIw - 47
hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy 90 cq]
H‰{]Xn- 7.50 cq]
e°w 4
Pqembv2007
sh_vssk‰v :- WWW.localgovkerala.net
C---sabn¬: [email protected]
FUn-‰-dpsS t]Pv
Du¿÷-kp-c£ ssIh-cn-°m≥
HsØm-cp-an®p {]h¿Øn°mw......... ................. .................... 2
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥
hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-{XW ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS ]pØ≥ Nph-Sp-shbv]v
˛ B¿.-F¬. mSy ............................................................. 3
Bh-iy-Øn\v Du¿÷w
F√m-h¿°pw F√m\mfpw
˛ ]mtemfn apl-Ω-ZvIp´n ................................................... 6
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥
DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-߃ Gsd
˛ F.-sI. _me≥ ............................................................ 8
DØ-c-hp-Iƒ, k¿°p-edpIƒ, ÿncw ]w‡nIƒ...
teJIcpsS A`n{]mbw k¿°mcnt‚Xmbncn°Wsa∂n√, AhbpsS ]q¿Æamb DØchmZnXzw teJI¿°v am{Xambncn°pw.
Ih¿ Unssk≥ & te Hu´v - tKmUvs{^
FUn-‰¿
F. APnXvIpam¿, IAS���� ������
Akn v FUn-‰¿
Pn. lcn-Ir-jvW≥���� �����
D]tZiI kanXnsNb¿am≥
{io. ]mtemfn apl-ΩZvIp´n, Xt±ikzbw`cW hIp∏v a{¥n{io.Fkv.-Fw. hnP-bm-\μv , sF.F.-Fkv.
({]n≥kn∏¬ sk{I´dn, Xt±ikzbw`cWhIp∏v)
{io. sI. \mcm-b-W≥, {]kn-U‚v(tIcf {Kma]©mbØv Atkmkntbj≥)
{io. -Pn. lcn-Ir-jvW≥(]ªnkn‰n Hm^ok¿)
{io. ]n. thWp-tKm-]m¬, sF.F.-Fkv(UbdIvS¿, C≥^¿ta-j≥ & ]ªnIv dntej≥kv hIp∏v)
{io. _n.F-kv. {]k-∂≥(sk{I´dn, {]kv ¢∫v, Xncph\¥]pcw)
{io. F. APnXvIpam¿, sF.F.Fkv.(]©mbØv UbdIvS¿, I¨ho-\¿)
DØ-c-hp-Iƒ, k¿°p-edpIƒ, ÿncw ]w‡nIƒ...
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥
cq]o-I-c-Whpw \mƒh-gnbpw
˛ ]n.-hn. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ .......................................................11
sNdp-InS Pe-ssh-ZypX ]≤-Xn-Iƒ
Hcp am¿§-tcJ
˛ A\n¬. Pn .....................................................................20
{Kma-߃ C\n apX¬
Sqdn-Ãp-I-fpsSbpw kz]v\- qan
˛ ]©m-bØv \yqkv k¿Δokv ..........................................28
]©m-bØv {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw _m[-I-am-°nb
sI´nS \n¿ΩmW N´-߃ : Hcp kw£n]vXw
˛ sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥ ...........................................................30
]©m-bØv cmPv
Du¿÷ kpc£ ssIhcn°m≥
HsØmcpan®p {]h¿Øn°mw
kºq¿Æ km£cXm {]ÿm\hpw P\Iobmkq{XW ]cn]mSnbpw Gs‰SpØv hnPbn∏n®
tIcfP\X ]Xns\m∂mw ]©h’c ]≤XnbpsS `mKambn ]pXpabp≈ as‰mcp ]cn]mSn
Gs‰Sp°pIbmWv. tIcfØnse F√m IpSpw_߃°pw PohXv {][m\ Du¿÷ e`yX Dd∏p
hcpØpIsb∂ e£yhpambn tIcfk¿°m¿ cq]oIcn®n´p≈ ""kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m
anj≥'' ]cn]mSnbmWv AXv. kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£manjs‚ Hu]NmcnIamb {]h¿Øt\mZv
LmS\w C°gn™ Pq¨ A©n\v BZcWob\mb tIcf Kh¿W¿ {io. B¿. F¬. `mSy
\n¿hln°pIbp-≠mbn.
G‰hpw BZyw \qdpiXam\w {KmasshZypXoIcWsa∂ e£yw t\Snb kwÿm\ßfn
sem∂mWv tIcfw. F∂m¬ 2001˛se sk≥kkv IW°\pkcn®v GXm≠v 30% hoSpIƒ
tIcfØn¬ C\nbpw sshZypXoIcn°s∏SmsXbp≠v. Chbn¬ _lp`qcn]£hpw ]´nIPmXn
]´nIh¿K hn`mKßfpsSbpw a‰p ]m¿izhXvIrX P\hn`mKßfpsSbpamWpXm\pw. IqSmsX
`h\ sshZypXoIcWØns‚ {Kma˛ \Kc hyXymkhpw {it≤bamWv. AXmbXv Du¿÷tkh\
ßfpsS e`yXbn¬ hy‡ambpw ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂Xv kaqlØnse ]m¿izhXvIrX P\
hn`mKßfmb BZnhmknIfpw ]´nIPmXn P\hn`mKßfpw ]cºcmKX a’ysØmgnemfnI
fS°ap≈ a‰p Zcn{ZP\ßfpamWv. ]mNIC‘\e`yXbpw, e`n°p∂ Du¿÷tkh\ßfpsS
KpWta∑bpw IqSn IW°nseSpØm¬ Du¿÷hnIk\Ønse ]m¿izhXv°cWØns‚ Nn{Xw
IqSpX¬ hy‡amIpw. XpeyXbv°pw Imcy£aXbv°pw ]m¿izhXvIrX hn`mKßtfmSp≈
{]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\bv°pw {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ {]h¿Ø\]cn]mSnbneqsS am{Xta Cu {]iv\
߃°v ]cnlmcw Is≠Øm\mIq. kmaqlnI\oXn°pw kmt¶XnIanIhn\pw Xpey {]m[m\yw
\¬Ip∂ kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£manjs‚ {]h¿Ø\w {]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂Xv C°mcW
ØmemWv.
As\¿´v, C.Fw.kn., sshZypXnt_m¿Uv XpSßnb Du¿÷taJemÿm]\ßfpsSbpw
Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsSbpw {]h¿Ø\ßsf GtIm]n∏n°pIbpw ]ckv]cm\p
]qcIam°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠v tIcfØns‚ Du¿÷taJebpsS khntij {]iv\ßsf
t\cnSm\mWv ""kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£manj≥'' e£yan´n´p≈Xv. Cu {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS
hnPbw hensbmcfhv B{ibn®ncn°p∂Xv, \ΩpsS hnhn[ Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßfnse
P\Iob {]h¿ØIcpsSbpw Poh\°mcpsSbpw I¿ΩIpieXbnepw Bflm¿∞Xbnepw Xs∂
bmWv. {]mtZinI Du¿÷e`yXbpsSbpw Du¿÷ hnXcWØns‚bpw bYm¿∞ hniZmwi߃
tiJcn®pw {]iv\߃ Xncn®dn™pw, P\]£Øp\n∂p sIm≠v {KmahnIk\Øn\pw IqSpX¬
sXmgnehkc߃ krjvSn°p∂Xn\pw DXIp∂ hn[Øn¬ Du¿÷taJemhnIk\w \S∏m
°p∂Xn\v Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS ap≥ssI IqSntb Xocq. AXneqsStb tIcf
Øn\v kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£ ssIhcn°m\pamIq. AXn\mbn \ap°v HsØmcpan®p {]h¿
Øn°mw.
FUn-‰-dpsS t]Pv Pqembv 2007
F. APnXvIpam¿, sF.F.Fkv.
FUn‰¿
]©m-bØv cmPv
am\h hnIk\ kqNnIIfnse
t\´ßfpsS ImcyØn¬ C¥ybnse
at‰sXmcp kwÿm\tØ°mfpw hy‡
amb ap≥Xq°w ssIhcn®n´p≈
kwÿm\amWv tIcfw. Cu t\´w
ChnSsØ kmaqlnI ]cnjvIcW
{]ÿm\ßfpsSbpw P\Iob apt∂‰
ßfpsSbpw P\m[n]Xy k¿°mcpIƒ
ImemImeßfn¬ kzoIcn® P\]
£\S]SnIfpsSbpw ^eamWv. P\
t£a \S]SnIƒ i‡ns∏SpØp∂Xn
\pw am\hhnIk\amXrIIƒ sa®s∏
SpØp∂Xn\pap≈ H´\h[n \ho\
tZiob amXrIIƒ apt∂m´p hbv°p∂
Xn\v tIcfØn\v Ign™n´p≠v.
kºq¿Æ km£cXm {]ÿm\hpw
hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWw ^e{]Zam°p
∂Xn\mbp≈ P\Iob ]cn]mSnbp
sams° CØcØnepff \S]SnIfmbn
cp∂p. AXns\ms° XpS¿®bmbn tIcf
P\Xbv°v PohXv {][m\ Du¿÷˛
sshZypXne`yX Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn
\p≈ Hcp ap≥\nc ]≤Xn°v kwÿm\w
cq]w-\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂Xv BÀmZ
IcamWv. Cu {]h¿Ø\Øn\v F√m
`mhpIßfpw Adnbn°s´.
Fgp]XpIfn¬ Xs∂ \qdp iXam\w
{KmasshZypXoIcWsa∂ e£yw
ssIhcn® Npcp°w Nne kwÿm\
ßfnsem∂mWv tIcfw. F∂m¬
kºq¿ÆDu¿÷ kpc£m anj≥:hntI{μoIrXmkq{XW ]cn]mSnbpsS ]pØ≥ NphSpshbv]v
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-js‚ {]h¿Ø-t\m-ZvLm-S\w {]Jym-]n-®p-sIm≠v -tIcf Kh¿Æ¿B¿.-F¬.-`mSy kwkm-cn-°p∂p. 2007 Pq¨ 5 ˛ ]me-°mSv ap\n-kn-∏¬ Su¨ lmƒ
tIcf Kh¿Æ¿ B¿.F¬. `mSybpsSDZvLmS\ {]kwKØn¬ \n∂pw
P\t£a \S]SnIƒi‡ns∏SpØp∂Xn\pwam\h hnIk\amXrIIƒ sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\pap≈H´\h[n \ho\ tZiobamXrIIƒ apt∂m´phbv°p∂Xn\vtIcfØn\vIgn™n´p≠v. kºq¿Ækm£cXm {]ÿm\hpwhntI{μoIrXmkq{XWw^e{]Zam°p∂Xn\mbp≈ P\Iob]cn]mSnbpsams°CØcØnepff\S]SnIfmbncp∂p.AXns\ms°XpS¿®bmbn tIcfP\Xbv°v PohXv{][m\ Du¿÷˛sshZypXne`yXDd∏phcpØp∂Xn\p≈Hcp ap≥\nc ]≤Xn°vkwÿm\w cq]w-\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂XvBÀmZIcamWv.
3
]©m-bØv cmPv
`h\sshZypXoIcWØn¬ Db¿∂
t\´w ssIhcn°m≥ tIcfØn\mbn´n√.
]´nIPmXn, ]´nIh¿§ hn`mKßfp
sSbpw ]cºcmKX a’ysØmgnemfn
IfpsSbpw Zmcn{ZytcJbv°v Xmsgbp≈
a‰p ]m¿izhXvIrX P\hn`mKßfp
sSbpw hoSpIƒ sshZypXoIcn°p
∂Xn¬ C\nbpw Hcp]mSp apt∂td
≠Xp≠v. Xt±i`cWÿm]\ßfp
ambn tN¿∂p \S∏m°p∂Xn\mbn
kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ cq]w \¬Inbn
´p≈ Cu ""kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc
£manj≥'' F∂ ap≥\nc t{]mPIvSn\v,
\mw Gsd\mfmbn B{Kln°p∂
\qdpiXam\w h\sshZypXoIcWhpw
Hmtcm IpSpw_Øn\pw {]XnZn\w
Ipd™Xv Hcp bqWn‰v sshZypXnbpw
F∂ e£yw t\Sm\mIpsa∂p
{]Xo£n°p∂p.
Km¿lnI Du¿÷ kpc£ F∂Xn¬
]mNI C‘\e`yXbpw Gsd
{][m\amWv. F√m IpSpw_Øn\pw
{]Xnamkw Btfmlcn c≠p Intem{Kmw
F¬.]n.Pn.bv°p Xpeyamb ]mNI
C‘\w e`yam°m\mIWw F∂
e£yamWv tZiobXeØn¬ Bkq
{XW IΩoj≥ apt∂m´p h®n´p≈Xv.
F¬.]n.Pn., asÆÆ, ssPhhmXIw,
s{]mUyqk¿ Kymkv, hndIv F∂nßs\
e`yamb hnhn[ C‘\cq]ßsf
Db¿∂ Imcy£aXtbmsS D]tbmK
s∏SpØns°m≠v P\߃°v ]mNI
C‘\e`yX Dd∏m°p∂Xn\p≈
{iaßfpw kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m
anjs‚ e£yambncn°Ww. Km¿lnI
taJebnepw tlm´epIƒ, Bip]
{XnIƒ XpSßnb ÿm]\ßfnepw
Bhiyamb NqSpsh≈w e`yam°p
∂Xn\v kucXmt]m¿÷]≤XnIƒ
Imcy£aambn D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂
Xn\pw {ian°Ww.
{KmaXeØn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂
sNdpInSbpw CSØchpamb hnhn[
kwcw`ßfpsS Du¿÷mhiy߃
\ndth‰p∂Xv kpÿncamb sXmgn¬
e`yX Dd∏m°p∂Xn\v AXymh
iyamWv. t_°dnIƒ, tlm´epIƒ,
dtÃmd‚pIƒ XpSßnb hnhn[ ]cº
cmKXkwcw`߃°pw IfnaÆv,
temlw, XSn, ssIØdn, a’y_‘
\hpw arKkwc£Whpw AS°ap≈
Im¿jnI kwkv°cWw XpSßnb
taJeIfnse sNdpInS kwcw`߃
°psams° hyXykvX Afhnepw
KpWta∑bnepw XpS¿®bmb Du¿÷
e`yX Dd∏mt°≠Xp≠v. Cu kwcw`
ßfpsS \ne\n¬∏pw kmºØnI
km≤yXbpw sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\v
Ipd™ sNehnep≈ Du¿÷e`yX
Dd∏m°p∂Xv {][m\amWv. B[p\nI
eLp F©n\obdnwKv, CeIvt{SmWnIv
kwcw`߃°pw Iºyq´¿ A[njvTnX
tkh\tI{μ߃°pw, _nkn\kv
t{]mkkv Hu´vtkmgvknMv tI{μ
߃°psams° Db¿∂ KpWta∑bp≈
Du¿÷e`yX Dd∏mt°≠Xp≠v.
F©n\obdnwKv tImtfPpIfpsSbpw
t]mfnsSIv\n°pIfpsSbpw kwÿm
\sØ a‰v kmt¶XnI hnZym ÿm]\
ßfpsSbpw klmbtØmsS ta¬
∏d™ sNdpInS CSØcw kwcw`
ßfpsS bYm¿∞ Du¿÷ {]iv\
߃°v {]mtbmKnI ]cnlmc߃
hnIkn∏ns®Sp°p∂Xn\pw kºq¿W
Du¿÷ kpc£manj≥ {i≤]Xn
∏n°Ww. Chbv°p]pdta Du¿÷
Øns‚ D]tbm‡rXe ]cn]me\w,
Du¿÷kwc£Ww, \ho\hpw \ho
IcWobhpamb Du¿÷t{kmX p
IfpsS hnIk\w XpSßnbhbv°pw
{]m[m\yw \¬Im\mIWw. As\¿´v,
C.Fw.kn. , kwÿm\ sshZypXn
t_m¿Uv XpSßn Du¿÷hIp∏n\p
Iognep≈ hnhn[ ÿm]\ßtfmsSm∏w
kwÿm\sØ hnhn[ Xt±i`cW
ÿm]\߃IqSn kºq¿Æ Du¿÷
kpc£manjs‚ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬
$ \qdpiXam\w
`h\sshZypXoIcWhpw
Hmtcm IpSpw_Øn\pw
{]XnZn\w Ipd™Xv
Hcp bqWn‰v
sshZypXnbpw
$ F√m IpSpw_Øn\pw
{]Xnamkw Btfmlcn
c≠p Intem{Kmw
F¬.]n.Pn.bv°p
Xpeyamb
]mNIC‘\w
$ {KmaXeØn¬
{]h¿Øn°p∂
sNdpInSbpw
CSØchpamb hnhn[
kwcw`߃°v
Bh-iy-Øn\v
Du¿÷w
4
]©m-bØv cmPv
{][m\ ]¶mfnIfmsW∂p ImWp
∂Xv AXoh kt¥mjIcamWv.
Du¿÷ taJebn¬ CØcsamcp
hn]peamb ASnÿm\Xe ]¶m
fnØ {]h¿Ø\ cq]oIcWw Xs∂
CXmZyamsW∂v F\n°pd∏p≠v.
hfsc ka{Kamb Hcp k¶ev]\
tcJbmWv Cu ]cn]mSn°mbn
Xømdm°nbn´p≈sX∂v ImWm
\mbn. Du¿÷˛sshZypXn taJe
Ifnse hn]peamb CSs]S¬
{]h¿Ø\ßfmWv hn`mh\w sNø
s∏´n´p≈Xv. AXn¬ h\h¬
°cWw, Du¿÷ HmUn‰nwK v ,
k¿tΔIfpw ]T\ßfpw, Du¿÷
kwc£Ww, \ho\hpw \hoIcWo
bhpamb t{kmXkpIfn¬ \n∂p
ap≈ Du¿t÷m¬∏mZ\w XpSßn
bhsbms° Dƒs∏Sp∂p. Cu {]h¿
Ø\ßfpsSsbms° hnPbIcamb
\n¿hlWØn\v, tijnh¿[\hpw
hnhc˛hnZym`ymk˛kwthZ\hpw
Dƒs∏sSbp≈ {ia߃ Bhiy
amW v . AS nÿm\XeØn¬,
Du¿÷˛]cnÿnXntk\sb∂
{]h¿ØI irwJebv°p cq]w
\¬Ip∂Xn\p≈ hy‡amb
kao]\w anj≥ cq]oIcn®n
´ps≠∂p ImWp∂p. Pn√mkwÿm
\Xeßfn¬ {]h¿Ø\ GtIm]
\Øn\mbn kanXnIfpw D≠mIp
sa∂p a\ nemIp∂p.
Cu kwhn[m\ßfneqsS Xøm
dm°s∏Sp∂ {]mtZinIXe {]h¿
Ø\]cn]mSnIƒ AYhm kºq¿Æ
Du¿÷˛]cnÿnXn kpc£m
]≤XnIfmbncn°pw Cu anjs‚
hnPbØn\v ASnÿm\w. GXm≠v
250 Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßfm
bncn°pw Hmtcm h¿jhpw anj≥
{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ D≠mIpI
F∂mWv k¶ev]\sa∂v Rm≥
a\ nem°p∂p. CXv Aev]w
Db¿∂ e£yambmWv tXm∂p∂Xv.
F¶nepw \√ coXnbn¬ Hcp°s∏´
]›mØehpw CtXhscbp≈
{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS ssh]peyhpw
sh®pt\m°ptºmƒ Cu e£yw
ssIhcn°pI km≤yamsW∂p
Xs∂ Rm≥ IcpXp∂p.
cmPyØn\IØp\n∂pw ]pdØp
\n∂pw Gsd A\ptamZ\߃
G‰phmßnb hntI{μoIrXm
kq{XW ]cn]mSn°v as‰mcp anIhp‰
t\´w Xs∂bmbncn°pw CXv.
$
efn-X-amb Nne Imcy-߃ {i≤n-®m¬ ]mNI C‘\w 30 iX-am-\-tØmfw em`n-°m≥ Ign-bpw
]mNI C‘\w em`n-°m≥
$ ]mN-I-Øn\p th≠-sX√mw Hcp°n sh®n´v am{Xta ASp∏v IØn-°m-hq.
$ Bh-iy-Øn\v am{Xw sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ C‘-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bpw. Bh-iy-Øns‚ Cc´n
sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn®v Acn thhn-®m¬ 65% C‘\w IqSp-X¬ sNe-hm-Ipw.
$ [m\y-ßfpw ]b-dp-h¿§-ßfpw ]mN-I-Øn\v GXm\pw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°v ap≥]v IpXn¿Øv
sh®m¬ C‘-\-s®-ehv 25-˛30 iX-am-\-tØmfw Ipd-°mw.
$ ]m{Xw aqSn sIm≠v AS®v ]mNIw sNbvXm¬ Xm]-\jvSw KWy-ambn Ipd-°mw. ka-bhpw
em`n-°mw.
Du¿÷ kwc-£Ww hoSp-I-fn¬
5
]©m-bØv cmPv
]Xns\m∂mw ]©h’c
]≤Xnbn¬ tIcf k¿°m¿ Gs‰SpØn
´p≈ hfsc \qX\amb Hcp ap≥\nc
t{]mPIvSmWv kºq¿Æ Du¿÷
kpc£m anj≥. Xt±i kzbw`cW
hIp∏ns‚bpw Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]
\ßfpsSbpw kPohamb t\XrXzØn
emWv Cu anjs‚ Bib߃ DSse
SpØXpw apt∂m´p t]mIp∂Xpw. CXn¬
F\n°v Gsd kt¥mjhpw, kwXr]vXn
bpap≠v.
{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ F∂
\nebv°v Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]
\߃°v XßfpsS {]h¿Ø\߃
hnhn[ hIp∏pIfpw ÿm]\ßfpambn
^e{]Zambn GtIm]n∏n°m\pw a‰v
GP≥knIfn¬ \n∂v sshZKv≤yw
Is≠Øn P\ßfpsS {]iv\߃°v
]cnlmcw ImWm\pw IgnbWw. Cu
Znibn¬ hnhn[ taJeIfn¬ Gs‰Sp
°p∂ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS BZy
]SnbmWv Du¿÷ taJebnse
GtIm]\ {ia߃. As\¿´v, C Fw
kn, sI. Fkv.C._n, F©n\obdnwKv
tImtfPpIƒ, t]mfosSIv\n°pIƒ,
bqWnthgvkn‰n Un∏m¿´vsa‚pIƒ,
tZiob XeØnep≈ Du¿÷ Kthj
Wÿm]\߃ F∂nhcmbncn°pw Cu
taJebn¬ Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\
ßfpambn tbmPn®p {]h¿Øn°pI.
{]mtZinI XeØn¬ cq]w \¬Ip∂
Du¿÷ ˛ ]cnÿnXn tk\Ifmbn
Bh-iy-Øn\v Du¿÷wF√m-h¿°pw F√m-\mfpw
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥ D¬LmS\ NSßnt\mS\p_‘n®vXt±i kzbw`cW hIp∏v a{¥n ]mtemfn aplΩZvIp´n \SØnb
{]kwKØn¬ \n∂v:
F√m ho´nepwsshZypXnFØn°m≥Xt±ikzbw`cWÿm]\߃°mhWw.hosSm∂n\v {]XnZn\wHcp bqWn‰vsshZypXn F∂e£yw aq∂vh¿j߃°p≈n¬ssIhcn°m\mhWw.F√mbnSØpw,BZnhmknDucpIfnepw,]´nIPmXnhoSpIfnepw,]cºcmKXa’ysØmgnemfnhoSpIfnepw, as‰√mZcn{Z\mcmbW∑mcpsShoSpIfnepwsshZypXn FØWw.
6
]©m-bØv cmPv
cn°pw Cu kwhn[m\Øn\v Icp
Øpw kmt¶XnI klmbhpw
\¬IpI.
73 Dw 74 Dw `cWLS\
t`ZKXnIfpsS `mKambn hn]pe
amb {]h¿Ø\ km[yXIfmWv,
Du¿÷taJebn¬, Xt±ikzbw
`cW ÿm]\߃°v Xpd∂p
In´nbn´p≈Xv. tIcf]©mbØn
cmPv BIv‰nepw, \Kc]cn]menI
BIv‰nepw 1999 ¬ hcpØnbn´p≈
t`ZKXnIƒ Chsb IqSpX¬
kºpjvSam°nbn´p≠v . {Kma
]©mbØpIƒ _tbmKymkv ,
ssPh{Zhy amt\Ppsa‚ v F∂o
taJeIfnepw, tªm°v ]©mbØp
Iƒ A£b Du¿÷ t{kmX pI
fpsS t{]m’ml\Øns‚ taJe
bnepw, Pn√m]©mbØpIƒ sNdp
InS Du¿÷ Dev]mZ\Øns‚bpw,
{KmaoW sshZypXoIcWØns‚
bpw ap≥KW\Iƒ \n›bn°p∂
Xns‚ taJeIfnepw {]h¿Øn°m
\mWv Dt±in®n´p≈Xv. Cu hn]pe
amb {]h¿Ø\ km[yXIƒ Xncn®
dnbm\pw Ahb\pkcn®v {]h¿
Ø\߃ BhnjvIcn°m\pw
Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\߃
°mbn´n√.
{][m\ambpw kucsshZypXo
IcWw, kucXm] {]h¿Ø\߃,
sse≥ FIvsÃ≥j≥, tImf\n
sshZypXoIcWw, Km¿lnI sshZyp
XoIcWw F∂o taJeIfnemWv
Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\߃
HºXv, ]Øv ]©h’c ]≤XnI
fn¬ {i≤ tI{μoIcn®Xv. ]pXnb
taJeIfnte°v {]h¿Ø\w hym]n
∏n°pIbpw, Ct∏mƒ Gs‰SpØn
´p≈hbpsS ka{KXbpw KpW\ne
hmchpw sa®s∏SpØpIbpw thWw.
hoSpIƒ, Adhpime, am¿°‰v,
tlm´epIƒ XpS-ßnb ÿm]\
ßfnse ssPhamen\yßfn¬ \n∂v
_tbmKymkv πm‚pIƒ hgn aotY≥
hmXIw Dev]mZn∏n®v sshZypXn°pw
Xm]mhiy߃°pw th≠n D]tbm
Kn°pI, hndIv, sXßns‚ aSev,
sImXpºv , tIm™m´ F∂nh
Kymkn^bdpIfn¬ IØn®v s{]m
Uyqk¿ Kymkv (Im¿_¨ tamtWm
IvsskUv, ssl{UP≥, ss\{SP≥
F∂nhbpsS an{inXw) DXv]mZn∏n®v
Xm]mhiy߃°pw sshZypXn
°pambn D]tbmKn°pI XpSßnb
hyXykvX kmt¶XnI hnZyIƒ
C∂v e`yamWv, Ch {]mtbmKnI
ambn ]co£n®v BZmbIcsa∂pw
kmt¶XnI {]iv\߃ C√ F∂pw
Dd∏phcpØnbn´p≠v. tIcfØn¬
Ch hym]Iambn ÿm]n°m≥
11˛mw ]©h’c]≤Xn°meØv
IgnbWw. CØcw t{]mPIvSpIƒ
\S∏nem°m\pw \SØn∏nep≈
{]iv\߃ ]cnlcn°m\pw t\Xr
Xzw \¬Im≥ Xt±i kzbw`cW
ÿm]\߃°mhWw. kºq¿Æ
Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥ CXn\mh
iyamb kt¶XnI klmbw \¬
IWw.
F∂m¬ anj≥ {]h¿Ø\
Øns‚ ]pXnb Du¿÷ Dev]mZ\
taJeb√ G‰hpw {it≤bamhm≥
t]mIp∂Xv, anj≥ {]h¿Ø\w hgn
ssIhcn°m≥ e£yan´n´p≈ Du¿
÷kpc£ Xs∂bmWv. F√m
ho´nepw sshZypXn FØn°m≥
Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\߃
°mhWw. hosSm∂n\v {]XnZn\w
Hcp bqWn‰v sshZypXn F∂
e£yw aq∂v h¿j߃°p≈n¬
ssIhcn°m\mhWw. F√mbn
SØpw, BZnhmkn DucpIfnepw,
]´nIPmXn hoSpIfnepw, ]cº
cmKX a’ysØmgnemfn hoSpI
fnepw, as‰√m Zcn{Z\mcmbW
∑mcpsS hoSpIfnepw sshZypXn
FØWw.
]mNImhiy߃°v Btfmlcn
{]Xnamkw c≠v Intem{Kmw ]mNI
hmXIØn\v Xpeyamb Du¿÷w
F∂ e£yhpw ssIhcnt®
aXnbmIq. CXn\v sa®s∏´ hndI
Sp∏pIfpw _tbmKymkv km≤yX
Ifpw, Kymkn^b¿ km≤yXIfpw
]cntim[n°Ww. CXns\ms°
klmbIcamb coXnbn¬ kmaqly
h\h¬°cWhpw hr£h¬°c
Whpw \SØn tIcfØnse apgp
h≥ P\߃°pw D]Poh\Øn\pw
\ne\nev]n\pw Bhiyamb Du¿
÷w ÿncambpw ÿmbnbmbpw
e`yam°m≥ F√mhn[ {]h¿Ø\
ßfpw \SØpsa∂v \ap°v {]Xn
⁄sbSp°mw. $
7
]©m-bØv cmPv
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m
anj\v AXns‚ {]mcw-`-{]-h¿Ø-\-
ß-fn -eqsS Du¿÷taJebnse
XpeyXbpsS {]iv\߃ ^e{]Z
ambn apt∂m´p hbv°m≥ Ign™n
´p≠v F∂Xv Gsd {][m\amWv.
$ {]XnZn\w G‰hpw NpcpßnbXv
Hcp bqWn‰v sshZypXn Hmtcm
ho´nepw e`y-am-°p-I.
$ {]Xnamkw Btfmlcn c≠v
Intem{Kmw ]mNIhmXIØn\v
Xpeyamb Du¿÷e`yX Hmtcm
ho´nepw Dd-∏m-°p-I.
$ Hmtcm Xt±i kzbw`cW
ÿm]\Ønepap≈ {]tXyIn®v
{Kma{]tZißfnep≈ s]mXp
ÿm]\߃ ˛ Bip]{XnIƒ,
AwK≥hmSnIƒ, kvIqfpIƒ,
Irjn`h\pIƒ, sh‰n\dn Bip
]{XnIƒ, hmb\imeIƒ a‰v
s]mXpÿm]\߃ XpSßnb
hbpsS sshZypXn ˛ Du¿÷
Bhiy߃ \ndth‰pI.
$ {Kma {]tZißfnse sNdpInS
CSØcw kwcw`ßfpsS ssh
ZypXn˛Du¿÷ Bhiy߃
\ndth‰pI F∂nhbmWv anj≥
e£yanSp∂Xv.
$ Ch ssIhcn°m\pw ÿmbn
bmbn \ne\n¿Øm\pw 11˛mw
]©h’c ]≤Xnbn¬ \n›b
ambpw \ap°v IgnbWw.
h≥InS PesshZypX ]≤Xn
Iƒ Gs‰SpØv \S∏nem°p∂
tXmsSm∏w ]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷
t{kmX pIfpsS hnIk\hpw
i‡ns∏SptØ≠Xp≠v. _tbm
Kymkv , _tbmam v Du¿÷
hnIk\w, kucXm]w, kucsh
fn®w, Im‰v F∂nh D]tbmKn®p≈
sshZypXoIcWw F∂nßs\bp≈
hyXykvX {]h¿Ø\ßsf t{]m
’mln∏n°m\p≈ \S]SnIƒ \mw
FSpt°≠Xp≠v. Cu {]h¿Ø
\߃°v kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc
£manj≥ t\XrXz]camb ]¶v
hln°p∂XmWv. CtXmsSm∏w
Du¿÷-Øns‚ Unam≥Uv sskUv
amt\Ppsa‚ v taJebnepw Du¿÷
kwc£WØns‚ taJebnepw
KWyambn apt∂m´pt]mIm≥
\ap°mhWw. Z£Xtbdnb hnf
°pIfmb tImw]mIv‰v vfqdsk‚ v
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥:DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-߃ Gsd
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS Bcw`w {]Jym]n°p∂NSßn¬ ]´nIPmXn, ]´nIh¿§, ]nt∂m° hn`mKt£a, sshZypXn hIp∏v a{¥n
F.-sI. _me≥ \SØnb {]kwKØn¬\n∂v:
8
]©m-bØv cmPv
emºv (knF^v F¬) sse‰ v
Fan‰nwKv UtbmUv (F¬.C.Un)
XpSßnbhbpw Z£Xtbdnb ASp
∏pIfpw (hndIv t\cn v IØp∂Xpw,
Kymkm°n IØp∂hbpaS°w)
hym]n∏n°m≥ hn]peamb ]cn]mSn
Iƒ \ap°v Xømdm°Ww. Cu
]cn]mSnIfn¬ Xt±ikzbw `cW
ÿm]\ßfpsS e{]Zamb ]¶m
fnØw Dd∏phcpØWw.
hcp∂ GXm\pw amkßfnse
anj≥ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS cq]tcJ
CXn\Iw Xømdm°nbn´p≠v .
Pqsse amkØn¬ sa®s∏´
{]Imi kmt¶XnI hnZyIƒ,
hndISp∏pIƒ, BKÃv amkØn¬
_tbmKymkv, _tbmam v Kymkn
^b¿ kmt¶XnI hnZyIƒ F∂nh
bpsS hniIe\hpw hn]W\
hn\ymk km≤yXIfpw ]cntim
[n®v Dd∏n°m\mWv Dt±in°p∂Xv.
sk]vXw_¿ amkØn¬ A£b
Du¿÷\bw, kwÿm\ Du¿÷
kwc£W \bw F∂nh BhnjvI
cn°m\m-IWw. ChbpsS ]›mØ
eØn¬ HIvtSm_¿, \hw_¿
amkßfnembn {KmaXe Du¿÷
πm\pIfpw, Unkw_¿, P\phcn
amkßfn¬ Pn√mXe Du¿÷
πm\pIfpw Xømdm°m\mWv e£y
anSp∂Xv. Cu ]cn]mSnIƒ kab
_‘nXambn ]q¿ØoIcn°m\m
bm¬ 11˛mw ]©h¬kc ]≤Xn°m
eØv Gs‰SpØv \SØm\p≈
{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS N´°qSmhpw
AXv. Cu N´°qSn\IØp\n∂v
^e{]Zamb Du¿÷mkq{XW
Øntebv°v tIcfØn\v \oßm
\mIpw.
Cu hn[Øn¬ hn]peamb
Du¿÷mkq{XWw \SØm≥ {]mtZ
inI XeØnep≈ hnhc hyql
߃ krjvSnt°≠XmWv. Hmtcm
Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\Øn
s‚bpw XeØnep≈ Du¿÷
D]tbmK ]T\߃, sshZypXn
sse≥ am∏nwKv, sNdpInS sshZyp
tXmXv]mZ\ km[yXm ]T\߃,
A¥na D]tbmKØn¬ Is≠Øm
\mhp∂ IpdhpIsf kw_‘n
°p∂ ]T\߃ Chsbms°
\StØ≠nbncn°p∂p. Cu ]T\
hnhcßfpsS IqSn ASnÿm\
ØnemhWw Du¿÷ πm\pIƒ
Xømdmt°≠Xv. Cu {]h¿Ø\
߃°v sshZypXn t_m¿Uv ,
As\¿´v, C.Fw.kn F∂nhsb
IqSmsX F©n\obdnwKv tImtfPp
Isfbpw t]mfnsSIv\n°pIsfbpw
AWn \ncØWw. {]mtZinI
hf≠nb¿amsc ]cnioen∏n®m
hWw ]T\ {]h¿Ø\߃.
CØcw ka{K ]T\ßfpsS ASn
ÿm\Ønep≈ CSs]SepIƒ°v
tI{μ klmbw kwLSn∏n°m≥
km≤yamhpw. Im¿_¨ t{SUnßv
AS°ap≈ ]pØ≥ kt¶Xßfpw
CØcw GtIm]nX {]h¿Ø\
߃°v e`yam°m\mhpw. kwÿm
\sØm´msI XrWaqeXeØn¬
\S°p∂ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS GtIm
]\amWv G‰hpw henb sh√phnfn.
CXn\v DXIpw hn[w Pn√m˛kw
ÿm\ tIm¿Unt\j≥ IΩn‰nIsf
Nn´s∏SpØpIbpw As\¿ v, C.Fw.
h≥InS PesshZypX ]≤XnIƒ Gs‰SpØv \S∏nem
°p∂tXmsSm∏w ]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ t{kmX p
IfpsS hnIk\hpw i‡ns∏SptØ≠Xp≠v. _tbm
Kymkv, _tbmam v Du¿÷hnIk\w, kucXm]w, ku
cshfn®w, Im‰v F∂nh D]tbmKn®p≈ sshZypXo
IcWw F∂nßs\bp≈ hyXykvX {]h¿Ø\ßsf
t{]m’mln∏n°m\p≈ \S]SnIƒ \mw FSpt°
≠Xp≠v. Cu {]h¿Ø\߃°v kºq¿Æ Du¿÷
kpc£manj≥ t\XrXz]camb ]¶v hln°p∂XmWv.
9
]©m-bØv cmPv
kn. XpSßnb ÿm]\ßsf Xøm
sdSp∏n°pIbpw BhiyamWv. Cu
ImcyØn\mbncn°pw DS\Sn ap≥
KW\ \¬IpI.
sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤XnI
fpsS Bkq{XWhpw \n¿ΔlWhpw
Nn´s∏SpØm\mbn kp{][m\am
sbmcp CSs]S¬ \SØm\pw Dt±in
°p∂p. h\ {]m¥ {]tZißfnse
Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS
tbmKw hnfn®p tN¿°m\pw Ah
cpsS ]¶mfnØtØmsS kºq¿
Æamb Hcp sNdpInS Pe sshZypX
k¿tΔ \SØm\pw Dt±in°p∂p.
CXn\mbn Hcp kwÿm\Xe Soan\v
cq]w \¬Ipw. As\¿´v, C.Fw.kn,
sI.Fkv.C._n F∂o ÿm]-\-
߃°p-]p -dta F©n\obdnwKv
tImtfPpIsfbpw, t]mfnsSIv\n
°pItfbpw tbmPn∏n®mWv CXv
sNøpI. knhn¬ F©n\obdnwKv
k¿tΔ, Pe e`yXm ]T\߃
IqSmsX hrjvSn {]tZi amt\Pv
sa‚ v km≤yXIfpw CtXm-sSm∏w
]cntim[n°pw. Cu ]T\߃
\SØp∂tXmsSm∏w Xs∂ sNdp
InS Pe sshZypX ]≤XnIƒ
\S∏nem°m≥ DXIpw hn[w ]pXnb
cq]Iev]\m Ãm≥tU¿UpIƒ°v
cq]w \¬Im\pw k¿°m¿ ap≥
IsøSp°pw. ¢Ã¿ hnIk\ coXn
hgnbpw, slUpw UnkvNm¿÷pw
am\IoIcn®pw sNdpInS Pessh
ZypX ]≤XnIfpsS ^e{]Zamb
hnIk\Øn\v hgnsbmcp°pw. Xt±
ikzbw`cW ÿm]\߃ hgn
sNdpInS Pe sshZypX ]≤XnIƒ
\S∏m°m≥ {]tXyI kwhn[m
\ap≠m°pw.
cmPohv Km‘n A£b Du¿÷
Zn\w BKÃv 20 \mWv. Pq¨ 5 \v
Bcw`n°p∂ Iymsºbn≥ {]h¿
Ø\߃ BKÃv 30 hsc \ne
\ndpØm\p≈ km≤yXIƒ ]cn
tim[n°Ww. CXn\Iw {]mtZinI
Xe Du¿÷ ]cnÿnXn tk\Isf
]q¿Æambpw kwLSn∏n°Ww.
hm¿Uv hsc sNs∂Øm≥ Ign
bp∂ t_m[h¬°cW \SØn∏v
kwhn[m\߃ Ds≠¶n¬ am{Xta
\mw e£yan´n´p≈ hn]peamb
Du¿÷ DXv]mZ\, kwc£W
{]h¿Ø\߃ NSpehpw Imcy£
ahpambn \S∏m°m≥ Ignbq. CXn-
\mbncn°s´ hcpw Znh-k-ß-fn¬
\ΩpsS Du∂¬. $
$ Xnf-bv°p∂ sh≈-Øns‚ Xm]-\ne Db-cp-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ Xnf-\ne \ne-\n¿Øm≥
Bh-iy-ap≈ NqSv \¬In-bm¬ aXn. CXp-hgn 35 iX-am-\-tØmfw C‘\w em`n°mw.
$ I®n-s∏´n / NqSm-dm-s∏´n / ssdkv Ip°¿ F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-hgn C‘\w
em`n°mw.
$ Htc t]mse IØp∂ sXfn-®-ap≈ \oe Xo\m-f-amWv th≠-Xv. Hmdt©m a™tbm
\nd-Øn¬ As√-¶n¬ \nc-∏n-√mØ IØp∂ Xo\mfw I≠m¬ _¿Wtdm Xncntbm
hrØn-bm-°-Ww.
$ {^nUvPn¬ \n∂pw FSpØ Blm-c-km-[-\-߃ Ipd®v kabw Ignt™ ASp-∏n¬
shbv°m-hq.
$ {]j¿ Ip°¿ D]-tbm-Kn®v ]mNIw sNbvXm¬ Acn°v 20, IpXn¿Ø IS-e-]-cn-∏n\v 46,
amwk-Øn\v 42 iX-am-\-tØmfw C‘\w em`n-°mw. km[m-cW ]mNIw 1000C \S-°p-
tºmƒ Ip°-dn¬ 122.20C \S-°p∂p. hmbp a¿±w 1.055 Kg/cm2 Bbn Db¿Øn-bmWv
CXv km[y-am-°p-∂-Xv.
$ hrØn-bp≈ ]m{X-Øn¬ Blmcw ]mNIw sNøp-∂Xv Btcm-Ky-Øn\v am{X-a√ C‘-\-em-`-Øn\pw \√-Xm-Wv. Ip°-dp-I-
fnepw a‰pw ]nSn-®n-cn-°p∂ t\¿Ø ehW ]mfn-Iƒ C‘-\-\-jvS-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p.
Du¿÷ kwc-£Ww hoSp-I-fn¬
]mNI C‘\w em`n-°m≥
10
]©m-bØv cmPv
hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWØnepw
{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v A[n
Imcw ssIamdp∂Xnepw h≥apt∂
‰ßƒ \SØnb kwÿm\amWv
tIcfw. ]¶mfnØ P\m[n]Xy
Ønepw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ
hgn P\XbpsS ASnÿm\m
hiy߃ \ndth‰p∂Xnepw
ssIhcn® tIcf amXrI tZiob
A¥¿tZiob Xeßfn¬ Bkq
{XW hnZKv≤cpsSbpw hnIk\
hnZKv≤cpsSbpw {i≤bmI¿jn®n
´p≈XmWv. tIcfØnse hntI{μo
IcW {]{Inbbv°v Ct∏mƒ ]Øp
hbkmbncn°p∂p. Ct∏mƒ Cu
{]{Inbhgn \mw ssIhcn® t\´
ßsf XpS¿∂p apt∂m´v \bn°p
∂Xn\v ]cym] vXamb Hcp
hyhÿm]nX N´°qSv Nn´s∏Sp
Øp∂Xn\p≈ {iaamWv k¿°m¿
\SØnhcp∂Xv.
{KmaoW taJebn¬ kpÿn
camb kmºØnI {]h¿Ø\߃
\S°p∂Xn\v B[p\nI Du¿÷
kwhn[m\ßfnte°p≈ am‰w
A\nhmcyamsW∂v tZiob
XeØn¬ Xs∂ Xncn®dn™n´p
≈XmWv. {KmaoW sshZypXoIc
Whpw sNdpInS Pei‡n, Im‰v,
ssPh{Zhyw XpSßnb A£b
Du¿÷ t{kmX pIsf ASn
ÿm\am°nbp≈ hntI{μoIrX
Du¿÷ DXv]mZ\hpw ]mcºtcy
Xc Du¿÷ D]IcWßfpsS
{]NcWhpw {KmaoW Du¿÷
taJebnse {][m\ CSs]S¬
{]h¿Ø\ßfmWv. F∂m¬ ]cº
cmKX Du¿÷ D]tbmK taJe
bmb hndIns‚ £maw ]cnlcn
°p∂Xn\p≈ CSs]SepIƒ
t]mse AXn{][m\ambhn-j-b-
߃°v ASpØnSbmbn th≠
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥cq]o-I-c-Whpw \mƒh-gnbpw
]n.-hn.-D-Æn-Ir-jvW≥
kwÿm\ Bkq-{X-W-t_m¿UwKw
{KmaoW sshZypXoIc
Whpw sNdpInS
Pei‡n, Im‰v,
ssPh{Zhyw XpSßnb
A£b
Du¿÷ t{kmX pIsf
ASnÿm\am°nbp≈
hntI{μoIrX Du¿÷
DXv]mZ\hpw ]mcºtcyXc
Du¿÷ D]IcWßfpsS
{]NcWhpw {KmaoW
Du¿÷ taJebnse
{][m\ CSs]S¬
{]h¿Ø\ßfmWv.
11
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{X{i≤ e`n°p∂n√. kaqlØns‚
samØw Du¿÷ kpc£ e£yam°p
∂ Hcp ka{K Du¿÷ \bØn¬ ssPh
C‘\ D]tbmKØns‚ hniZmwi߃
Dƒs∏SmXncn°m\mhn√.
hntI{μoIrX Du¿t÷mXv]mZ\w,
{KmaoW sshZypXoIcWw, Du¿÷
kwc£Ww F∂o taJeIfpambn
_‘s∏´v 73 Dw 74 Dw `cWLS\m
t`ZKXnIfneqsS {]mtZinI k¿°mcp
Iƒ°v ssIamds∏´ {]h¿Ø\߃
t\m°p-I. 243 Pn. bnse ]Xn-s\m∂mw
]´n-I-{]-Imcw ]mc-º-tcy-Xc Du¿÷
t{kmX- p-I-fpsS hnI-k\w, {KmaoW
sshZyp-Xo-I-c-Whpw sshZypXn hnX-c-
Whpw, C‘-\hpw Imen-Øo‰bpw F∂o
hnj-b-ßfpw ]{¥≠mw ]´n-I-{]-Imcw
Jc-am-en\y ]cn-]m-e-\hpw ]cn-ÿnXn
kwc-£-Whpw sXcp-hp-hn-f-°p-I-fpsS
]cn-]m-e-\hpw {]tZ-inI k¿°m-cp-I-
fpsS Npa -X -e -bmbn. \Kc]menI
k¿°mcpIfpsS ImcyØn¬ Du¿÷
taJebnse CSs]SepIƒ \Kc Zmcn{Zy
\n¿Ωm¿÷\ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsSbpw
\Kc ]cnÿnXn kwc£W {]h¿Ø\
ßfpsSbpw {][m\ LSIamWv. \Kch
\hXv°cW {]h¿Ø\ßfpambpw
Jc˛{ZmhI amen\y \n¿Ωm¿÷\
{]h¿Ø\ßfpambpw Du¿÷taJem
CSs]SepIƒ _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p.
ap≥]d™ `cWLS\m t`ZKXn
bpsS NphSp]nSn®v 1994 se tIcf ap\n
kn∏men‰n BIvSnepw tIcf ]©mb
ØocmPv BIvSnepw ]mcºtcyXc
Du¿÷w, {KmaoW sshZypXoIcWw,
Du¿÷ kwc£Ww F∂nhbpambn
_‘s∏´ NpaXeIƒ hnhn[Xe
{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIsf G¬∏n°p
∂Xn\p≈ \n_‘\Iƒ Dƒs∏SpØn
bn´p≠v.
]mNI C‘\Øn\pw shfn®
Øn\pw sshZyptXmXv]mZ\Øn\pambp
≈ _tbmKymkv DXv]mZ\w, sXcphp
hnf°pIƒ, h\hXv°cWw F∂nh
bmWv {Kma]©mbØpIƒ°v ssI
amdnbn´p≈ {][m\ NpaXeIƒ.
tªm°p ]©mbØpIƒ°v \¬Inbn
´p≈ NpaXe {Kma˛Pn√m ]©mbØp
IfptSXn\v A\p]qcIamWv. ]mcº
tcyXc Du¿÷ D]IcWßfmb
Im‰mSn ]ºpIƒ kutcm¿÷]ºpIƒ,
tkmfm¿ Ãn√pIƒ, Ip°dpIƒ,
{UbdpIƒ, tkmfm¿ hm´¿ lo‰dpIƒ,
kuc dm¥epIƒ, kuc thenIƒ,
kuc sshZyptXmXv]mZ\ kwhn[m
\߃ XpSßnbhbpsS {]NcWw,
_ƒ_pIƒ°p ]Icw kn.F^v.F¬.
Iƒ \¬I¬, Du¿÷ ]T\w \Sج
XpSßnbhbmWv tªm°p ]©mbØp
IfpsS NpaXe. {][m\ambpw Du¿÷
DXv]mZ\hpw hnXcWhpamWv Pn√m
]©mbØpIfpsS NpaXe. CXn¬
sNdpInS Pei‡n hnIk\amWv
FSpØp ]d™n´p≈sX¶nepw Im‰pw
ssPh{Zhyhpw IqSn CXn¬ Dƒs∏
SpØmhp∂XmWv. ap\nkn∏men‰nIfpsS
NpaXeIfpw ap\nkn∏¬ BIvSp
{]Imcw hy‡amWv. AXn¬ _tbm
Kymkv kwhn[m\ßfpw a‰p hnhn[
]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ D]IcWßfpsS
{]NcWhpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p. ap\nkn∏¬
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ Pn√m I¨sh≥j≥, ]me-°mSv Pn√
`cWLS\bn¬hn`mh\ sNbvXn´p≈Xnt\°mfpw, ka{KambNpaXemssIam‰amWvCu taJebn¬tIcfØn¬ \S∏mbn´p≈Xv. F¶nepw Zcn{ZP\hn`mK߃°v,ipNnbmbXpwkuIcy{]ZhpambPohXv{][m\ Du¿÷e`yX Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\p≈ ka{Kkao]\w AhcpsS\ne\nev]ns‚kp{][m\LSIwXs∂bmsW∂XvDƒs°m≠psIm≠vCu {]iv\Øn\v{KmahnIk\Øn¬{]apJ ÿm\w\¬Im≥tIcfØn\mbn´n√.
12
]©m-bØv cmPv
Jcamen\y ]cn]me\Øns‚ `mKambpw Du¿÷
taJem CSs]S¬ _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p.
`cWLS\bn¬ hn`mh\ sNbvXn´p≈Xnt\°mfpw,
a‰p ]e kwÿm\ßfnepw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°p
ssIamdnbn´p≈Xnt\°mfpsams° ka{Kamb
NpaXemssIam‰amWv Cu taJebn¬ tIcfØn¬
\S∏mbn´p≈Xv. F¶nepw Zcn{ZP\hn`mK߃°v,
]q¿Æ sNehv Xmßm\mhns√¶nepw, ipNnbmbXpw
kuIcy{]Zhpamb PohXv{][m\ Du¿÷e`yX
Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\p≈ ka{K kao]\w AhcpsS
\ne\nev]ns‚ kp{][m\LSIwXs∂bmsW∂Xv
Dƒs°m≠psIm≠v Cu {]iv\Øn\v {KmahnIk\
Øn¬ {]apJ ÿm\w \¬Im≥ tIcfØn\mbn´n√.
taev]d™ A[nImc ssIam‰ßƒ°\pkrXambn
]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ ˛ {KmaoW sshZypXoIcW
taJeIfn¬ HºXpw ]Øpw ]≤Xn°meØv
{]mtZinI `cWIqS߃ Ht´sd ]cn]mSnIƒ
Bkq{XWw sNbvXncp∂p. X߃°p e`n®n´p≈
NpaXeIfnse√mw C{]Imcw {]mtZinI cWIqS߃
]≤XnIƒ Gs‰SpØp. {]mtZinI kaqlßfpambp≈
N¿®IfneqsS Xncn®dn™ bYm¿∞ P\Iob
BhiyßfpsS ASnÿm\Ønembncp∂p Cu
]≤XnIfpsS ap≥KW\Iƒ \n›bn°s∏´Xv.
{]mtZinI BhiyßtfmS v Dujvafambn
{]XnIcn®psIm≠v HºXpw ]Øpw ]≤Xn°meØv
{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ Du¿÷taJe°mbn
KWyamb XpI \o°nhbv°pIbpw sNbvXp. Cßs\
Du¿÷taJem ]≤XnIƒ°mbn HºXpw ]Øpw
]≤Xn°meØv {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ bYm{Iaw
120.96 tImSn cq]bpw 90.73 tImSn cq]bpamWv
\o°nh®Xv . ]Ømw ]≤Xnbn¬ Du¿÷taJ
e°mbp≈ \o°nbncn∏n¬ KWyamb Ipdhph∂Xv
{it≤bamWv. BsI hn`he`yX Db¿∂t∏mgpw Cu
taJebnse \o°nbncn∏v 2.12% ¬ \n∂v 1.36% Bbn
IpdbpIbmWp≠mbXv. HºXmw ]≤XnbpsS H∂mw
h¿jw apX¬ 5˛mw h¿jw hsc Du¿÷taJem
\o°nbncn∏nep≠mb hyXnbm\w 2.12, 2.62%, 3.21%, 2.77%,
2.27% F∂nßs\bpw ]Ømw ]≤XnbneXv 2.74%, 1.29%,
0.87%, 1.05%, 0.93% F∂nßs\bpamWv.
Du¿÷ taJe°mbp≈ ]≤Xn \o°nbncn∏v
Ipd™p hcp∂Xv IW°pIfn¬ hy‡amWv.
Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃ hgnbmbn Gs‰Sp°s∏Sp∂
Du¿÷taJem t{]mPIvSpIfn¬ Hmtcm GP≥knbpw
\n¿Δln°psa∂p Bkq{XW t_m¿Uv hn`mh\w
sNbvXncp∂ NpaXeIfpw {it≤bamWv. ]≤XnbpsS
DSaÿX Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃°mWv. {]mYanI
]T\߃, Bkq{XWw, KpWt`m‡r sXcs™Sp∏v,
]≤Xn \SØn∏n\p≈ ÿew sXcs™Sp°¬,
hn`hkamlcWw XpSßnbhbpw {]mtZinI
k¿°mcpIfpsS NpaXebmWv. hnhn[Xe {]mtZinI
k¿°mcpIfpsS NpaXeIƒ \n›bn®n´p≈Xv ssIam-
d-s∏´ A[nImc hnXcWØn\v A\pkrXambmWv.
As\¿´v, EMC, KSEB F∂nhbpsS NpaXeIƒ
{][m\ambpw kmt¶XnI ]T\ßfpw km≤yXm
hnebncpØepw ]≤Xn cq]Iev]\, \SØn∏v, {]{Inbm
kwtbmP\w, \n¿ΔlWw, \n¿ΔlW tijap≈
klmbw XpSßnbhbpambn _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p.
Cu {]h¿Ø\Xe ]ckv]c _‘߃ hnhn[
Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ ]≤XnIfn¬ F{XI≠p
{]mh¿ØnIamsb∂v ]cntim[n°p∂Xv IuXpIIc
ambncn°pw. Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS hn`h߃
hnhn[ ]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ ]≤XnIfnepw {KmaoW
sshZypXoIcW taJebnepw Fßs\ hnXcWw
sNøs∏´ncn°p∂psh∂v t\m°p-I.
HºXmw ]≤Xn°meØv G‰hpw IqSpX¬ hn`hw
\o°nhbv°s∏´Xv kucsshZypXoIcWØn\mWv
(65%), ]ns∂ ]ht\m¿÷ ]≤XnIƒ°pw (15%)
kqcyXmt]m¿÷ ]≤XnIƒ°pw (7%) ssPthm¿÷
]≤XnIƒ°pw (7%), tImf\n sshZypXoIcWØn\pw
(3%) F∂nßs\bmWv ]≤Xn hnlnXw hnXcWw
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ Pn√mXe ]cn-io-e\w
13
]©m-bØv cmPv
sNøs∏´Xv . F∂m¬ ]Ømw
]≤XnImeØv sXcphphnf°pIƒ
ÿm]n°p∂Xn\mWv (57%) G‰hp
a[nIw hn`hw \o°nhbv°s∏´Xv.
tImf\n sshZypXoIcWw (27%), `h\
sshZypXoIcWw (8%), hnXcW \jvSw
Ipdbv°epw thmƒt´Pv sa®s∏Sp
Øepw (4%), kucsshZypXoIcWw
(2%) F∂mWv ]Ømw ]≤Xnbnse a‰p
]≤XnIƒ°p≈ \o°nbncn∏p {Iaw.
]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ hnIk\Øn¬
\n∂pw {KmaoW sshZypXoIcWØn
te°p≈ e£yam‰w ]Ømw ]≤Xn
bn¬ hy‡amWv. kºq¿Æ Du¿÷m
kq{XWØn\pw sNdpInS sshZypXn
hnIk\Øn\pap≈ Nne ]≤XnIƒ
e£yan´ncp∂psh¶nepw AhbpsS
\n¿ΔlWw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpw
kwÿm\Xe GP≥knIfpw XΩn
ep≈ {]h¿Ø\ GtIm]\Ønse
A]cym]vXXIfm¬ ]mfnt∏mbXmbn
ImWmw. (tIcf kwÿm\ Bkq{XW
t_m¿Uv (2002).
]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ D]IcW
ßfpsS {]NcWØn¬ Zriyamb
]nt∂m´Sn, {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpw
_‘s∏´ k¿°m¿ GP≥knbpw
XΩn¬ icnbmb _‘w \ne\n¿Øm
\mIm™Xns‚ hy‡amb kqN\
bmWv. e£yan´ hnhn[ NpaXeIƒ
{]mtbmKnIXeØn¬ \n¿Δln°
s∏´n√ F∂p hy‡w. {]mtZinI k¿
°mcpw kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ GP≥kn
Ifpw XΩnep≈ ^e{]Zamb {]h¿
Ø\ GtIm]\Øn\mbn hy‡amb
]cn]mSn Xømdm°p∂Xn\v Cu GP≥
knIfpsS Ignhpw IgnhptISpIfpw IqSn
hnebncptØ≠Xp≠v.
{KmaoW sshZypXoIcWØnepw
]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ hnIk\Ønepw
{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v e£yw
ssIhcn°m≥ XS ambh Fs¥ms°
F∂p hniIe\w sNøp∂XneqsS
Xmsg ]dbp∂ Imcy߃ a\kn
emIp∂p.
1. {KmaoW sshZypXoIcWØntem
]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ hnIk\Øntem
{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsSbpw kwÿm
\Xe t\mU¬ GP≥knIfpsSbpw
{]h¿Ø\߃°v th≠{X GtIm]\
ap≠mbncp∂n√.
2. hntI{μoIcWhpw P\]¶mfn
Øhpw hgnbmbn ]mcºtcyXc Du¿
÷hnIk\ cwKØpw {KmaoW sshZyp
XoIcW taJebnepw ssIh∂
hn]peamb km≤yXIƒ°\pkcn®v
XßfpsS {]h¿Ø\ssien ]p\x{Iao
Icn°m≥ kwÿm\Xe GP≥kn
Iƒ°p Ign™n√.
3. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS
klmbtØmsS, ÿm]n°s∏´ hnhn[
Du¿÷ D]m[nIƒ°mhiyamb kmt¶
XnI klmbkwhn[m\w e`yam°m\m
bn√. sXcphphnf°pIfpsS ImcyØn¬
]©mbØpIƒ kz¥amb {IaoIcW
ßfp≠m°nsb¶nepw a‰p taJeIfn¬
Hcp klmb kwhn[m\hpw DcpØncn
™ph∂n√.
kwÿm\Øp≈ tI{μoIrX Du¿
÷t{kmX pIƒ D]tbmKs∏SpØp
∂Xn\v kwÿm\Xe {]h¿Ø\
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ Pn√mXe ]cn-io-e-\-Ønse{Kq∏pN¿®, ]me-°mSv Pn√
tIcfØnse A£bDu¿÷hnIk\˛{KmaoWsshZypXoIcWtaJeIƒ°p ]pXpPoh≥ ]Icp∂Xn\p≈{iasa∂ \nebv°mWv{]mtZinIk¿°mcpIfpsSbpwAs\¿´ns‚bpwC.Fw.knbpsSbpw]¶mfnØtØmsSHcp kºq¿Æ Du¿÷kpc£m anj≥]cn]mSn°v XpS°wIpdn°pI F∂\n¿t±iap≠mbXv.
14
]©m-bØv cmPv
]cn]mSn sshZypXn t_m¿Un\v
Ds≠¶nepw a‰v GP≥knIƒs°m
∂n\pw ka{Kamb kwÿm\Xe
{]h¿Ø\ ]cn]mSn \S∏m°m\m
bn√. {]mtZinIXeØn¬ G‰hpw
^e{]Zambn {]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\v
klmbIamIp∂ XcØn¬ tZio
b˛A¥¿tZiob ssh⁄m\nI
ÿm]\ßfpamtbm hnZK v≤
cpamtbm _‘w hf¿Øp∂Xn\pw
Cu ÿm]\߃°mbn√. sNdp
InS PesshZypX ]≤Xn hnIk\
Øn\mbp≈ UNIDO doPnbW¬
sk‚¿ ÿm]n®Xp am{XamWv
CXn\v A]hmZw. F∂m¬ B
kmlNcyØnepw hntI{μoIcW
ØneqsS Xpd∂pIn´nb km≤yX
Iƒ sNdpInS PesshZypXn
hnIk\Øn\v ]q¿Æambn D]
tbmKn°m\p≈ kwÿm\Xe
]cn]mSnbnSm\mbn√. irwJem
_‘nXa√mØ sshZyptXmXv
]mZ\hpw hnXcWhpw \SØp∂
Xn\pw kzX{¥ hnXcWhpw hoen
ßpw \SØp∂Xn\p≈ kuIcyw
\¬Ip∂Xn\pw sshZypXn \nba
Øn¬ (2003 \p ap≥]v) D≠mbncp∂
]cnanXnIfpw {]iv\ambncp∂p.
Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw {]mtZin
Iambn \S∏m°mhp∂ hnhn[
amXrIIƒ P\Iobmkq{XW
{]ÿm\w apt∂m´p hbv°pIbp
≠mbn.
1. Icnº ]©mbØv Gs‰SpØ
P\]¶mfnØtØmsSbp≈ sNdp
InS PesshZypX ]≤Xn.
2. Du¿÷ k¿tΔbpw ]h¿sse
≥ am∏nßpw ASnÿm\am°n
Ieymt»cn ]©mbØv Gs‰SpØ
P\]¶mfnØtØmsSbp≈ kºq¿
Æ Du¿÷mkq{XWw F∂nh AXn-
\v DZm-l-c-Wßfm-Wv.
F¶nepw {]mtZinI k¿°mcp
Iƒ°v Cu hI {]h¿Ø\߃
\SØp∂Xn\v ÿm]\m[njvTnX
]n¥pW Bhiyambncp∂p. AXv
e`yam°p∂Xn\v kwÿm\Xe
GP≥knIƒ°v Ign™Xpan√.
Du¿÷ e`yX Hcp ASnÿm\m
hiyambncp∂n´pt]mepw tIcfØn
se kmlNcyßfn¬ AsXmcp
PohXv{][m\ LSIambn ]cnKWn
°s∏´n´n√. {]mtZinI hnIk\w
Dd∏m°p∂Xn\v Du¿÷ e`yX
Db¿ØpIsb∂Xv Hcp {][m\
LSIamsW∂tXm, Du¿÷ e`yX
bpw ip≤Pew, BtcmKyw, sNdpInS
hyhkmbw XpSßnb taJeIfpw
XΩnep≈ _‘tam H∂pw icnbm
bn Dƒs°m≈s∏´n´pan√. £Ww,
hkv{Xw, ]m¿∏nSw XpSßnb ASn
ÿm\mhiy߃ \¬Ip∂Xn\p≈
Bkq{XWtØ°mƒ A[nIw
Db¿∂ sshZKv≤yw Du¿÷m
kq{XWØn\v BhiyamWv .
F∂m¬ ]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷m
kq{XWØn\mhiyamb F©n
\obdnwKv sshZKv≤yw {]mtZinI
k¿°mcpIƒ°p e`yam°m\m
bXpan√. {KmaoW sshZypXoI
cWØn\pw ]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷
hnIk\Øn\pw i‡amb Hcp
tZiob ]cn]mSn DcpØncn™p
h∂Xv 2004˛¬ cmPohvKm‘n ssh
$ vfm‰v tπ‰v If-IvS¿ tkmfm¿ hm´¿ lo‰¿
$ 100 en‰¿ lo‰-dn¬ Hcp h¿jw 1500 bqWn‰v
sshZypXn em`n-°mw.
A£b Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Iƒ
tkmfm¿ hm´¿ lo‰¿
$ sh≈w 800C hsc NqSmIpw
$ {]h¿Ø\ XXzw ˛ ªm°v t_mUn tdUn-tb-
j≥, {Ko≥ lukv C -IvSv, sX¿tam-ssk- ¨
15
]©m-bØv cmPv
ZypXoIc¨ tbmP\ Bcw`n®
tXmsS am{XamWv. sa®s∏´ hndISp
∏pIƒ°mbp≈ tZiob ]cn]mSn
bpw tZiob ssPhhmXI ]cn]mSn
bpw, ]Ømw ]≤Xn°meØv, Ah
bpsS \SØn∏p NpaXebp≠mbn
cp∂ kwÿm\Xe GP≥knbmb
As\¿´ns‚ cW]camb ]cnanXn
Ifn¬ s]´v t]mhpIbpw ]©mb
Øp Xe ]cn]mSnIfnte°v FØm
Xncn°pIbpw sNbvXp.
Pn√mXe Du¿÷ ]cn]mSn
cq]oIcn°p∂Xn\p≈ ÿm]\m[n
jvTnX kwhn[m\hpw ]©mbØp
Iƒ Cu taJebn¬ Gs‰Sp°p∂
{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS GtIm]\hpw
Pn√m Bkq{XW kanXnsb klm
bn°p∂Xn\p≈ Hcp hnZK v≤
kanXn kwhn[m\w Bhiyam°n.
Pn√mXe Hm^okv kwhn[m\ap≈
GI GP≥kn As\¿´mWv ˛
F∂meXv, apºv Hmtcm Pn√bnepw
D≠mbncp∂ c≠p tªm°pXe
Hm^okn¬ H∂p am{Xw \ne\n¿Øn
Pn√mXe Hm^okmbn \maIcWw
sNbvsXSpØ kwhn[m\amWv.
AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Ahbv°v Pn√m
`cW kwhn[m\hpambn tN¿∂p
{]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\v ap≥]cnNbsam
∂pw D≠mbncp∂n√. CXv ]≤XnI
fpsS Xnc›o\Xe kwtbmP\
km≤yX XS™p. Cu Hm^okpI
fnse Poh\°mcpsS HutZymKnI
\nebpw {]h¿Ø\ \nehmchpw
taepIogv {]h¿Ø\ kwtbmP\
hpw Ffp∏a√mXm°n. 2004 ¬ tI{μ
]mcºtcyXc Du¿÷ a{¥mebw
A£b Du¿÷ hnIk\Øn¬
Pn√m `cWIqSsØ D]tZin°m≥
Pn√mXe D]tZiI kanXn (DAC)
Iƒ cq]oIcn®p. F∂m¬ Cu kan
XnIƒ e{]Zambn {]h¿Øn°pI
tbm Pn√bnse A£b Du¿÷
hnIk\ ]cn]mSnIfpsS t]mcmbva
Iƒ ]cnlcn°p∂Xn¬ CSs]Sm\m
Ip∂ hnZKv≤ kwLambn hfcpI
tbm sNbvXn√. Cu D]tZiI
kanXnbpsS {]h¿Ø\w Pn√m
Bkq{XW kanXnbpamtbm Pn√bn
se kmt¶XnI hnZym`ymk ÿm]
\ßfpamtbm GtIm]n∏n°p
∂Xn\pw {ian°pIbp≠mbn√.
Pn√bn¬ \S∂phcp∂ Du¿÷
taJem ]≤XnIfpambn t]mepw
Cu kanXn°v AXnZp¿∫eamb
_‘tabp≈q.
2002˛¬ tIcfØns‚ A£b
Du¿÷ \bw {]Jym]n°s∏
s´¶nepw AXn¬ \n∂pw {]NmcW
XeØntem \nba\n¿ΩmW Xe
Øntem \S]SnIsfm∂pw D≠mbn
√. _‘s∏´ Hcp taJebnepw
ka{K ]cn]mSnIƒ BhnjvIcn
°m\pw {iaw \S∂n√. Cu cwKØp
{]h¿Øn°p∂ hnhn[ GP≥kn
Iƒ XΩn¬ {]h¿Ø\ GtIm]\
hpw HsØmcpan®p≈ {]h¿Ø\
ßfpw D≠mbn√. hnhn[ Du¿÷
kwc£W D]m[nIƒ \nba]cam
bn \n¿_‘nXam°Wsa∂v
A£b Du¿÷ \bw \n¿t±in°p
∂p.
\btcJ apt∂m´ph®n´p≈ Nne
\n¿t±i߃ Xmsg ]dbp∂hbm
Wv.
1 . ^vfqdsk‚ v Syq_pIfpw
tImw]mIvSv ^vfqdsk‚ v emºpI
fpw (CFL) ]pXnb Bip]{XnIfnepw
tlm´epIfnepw k¿°m¿ Hm^okp
Ifnepw s]mXptaJem kvYm]\
ßfnepsa√mw \n¿_‘nXam
°Ww. \nehnep≈ Bip]{XnI
fnepw tlm´epIfnepw k¿°m¿
Hm^okpIfnepw s]mXptaJem
ÿm]\ßfnepw Ct∏mgp≈ F√m
C≥Im≥Uk‚ v _ƒ_pIfpw Cu
\bw \S∏m°ptºmƒ apX¬ c≠p
h¿jØn\Iw ^vfqdsk‚ v Syq_p
Itfm CFL-Itfm Bbn am‰Ww.
Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfp
ambpw a‰p k¿°m¿ ÿm]\ßfp
ambpw tN¿∂v CXv \S∏m°p∂p
sh∂v As\¿´v Dd∏m°Ww.
2. ]Øp apdnIfne[nIap≈
F√m tlm´epIfnepw temUvPpIfn
epw Ccp]Xv InS°bne[nIap≈
F√m Bip]{XnIfnepw tkmfm¿
16
]©m-bØv cmPv
hm´¿ lo‰¿ \n¿_‘nXam°Ww.
3. F√m tlm´epIfnepw tlmÃ
epIfnepw D®`£W ]≤Xnbp≈
kvIqfpIfnepw hndIv C‘\ambn
D]tbmKn°p∂ F√m hyhkmb
ßfnepw Du¿÷£aX Gdnb
D]m[nIfmb sa®s∏´ (kmaqlnI)
hndISp∏pIfpw Kymkn^bdpIfpw
\n¿_‘am°Ww.
4. 2000 KVA bne[nIw IWIvSUv
temUp≈ h≥InS hyhkmb߃
AhcpsS BhiyØns‚ A©piX
am\sa¶nepw A£b Du¿÷
t{kmX pIsf ASnÿm\am°n
bp≈ Iym]v‰ohv ]h¿ πm‚pIfn¬
\n∂v DXv]mZn∏n°Ww. F∂m¬
Chsbm∂pw \S∏nem°m≥ Hcp
{iahpap≠mbn√.
Cu kmlNcyßfn¬ tIcfØn
se A£b Du¿÷ hnIk\˛
{KmaoW sshZypXoIcW taJeI
ƒ°p ]pXpPoh≥ ]Icp∂Xn\p≈
{iasa∂ \nebv°mWv {]mtZinI
k¿°mcpIfpsSbpw As\¿´ns‚
bpw C.Fw.knbpsSbpw ]¶mfnØ
tØmsS Hcp kºq¿Æ Du¿÷
kpc£manj≥ ]cn]mSn°v XpS°w
Ipdn°pI F∂ \n¿t±iap≠mbXv.
2007 P\p-hcn 15\v ]´nIPmXn ˛
]´nIh¿§ ]nt∂m° hn`mK t£a
hIp∏p a{¥n F.sI. _mes‚
A≤y£Xbn¬ tN¿∂ D∂XXe
tbmKØnemWv kºq¿Æ Du¿÷
kpc£m anjs‚ Bibw DcpØncn
bp∂Xv. A∂v FSpØ Xocpam\Øn
s‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ sshZypXn
hIp∏v 2007 am¿®v 26˛mw XobXn
bnse k.D (km[mcWw) 69/2007/
Du¿÷ hIp∏v DØch\pkcn®v
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m anj\v
cq]w \¬In.
anj≥ cq]oIcWØn\v apºp
Xs∂ 2007 s^{_p -hcn 14 \v
sshZypXn hIp∏v a{¥nbpsS
t\XrXzØnep≈ Hcp D∂XXe
kwLw tI{μ k¿°mcns‚
\ho\˛\hoIcWob Du¿÷
a{¥mebØnseØn tI{μa{¥n
hnemkv apt´whmdpambn N¿®
\SØnbncp-∂p.
XpS¿∂v Bkq{XW t_m¿UwK
amb ]n. hn . DÆnIrjvW≥,
sshZypXn hIp∏v {]n≥kn∏¬
sk{I´dn sI. sI. hnPbIpam¿
F∂nhcpsS t\XrXzØn¬ Hcp
kwLw 2007 s^{_p-hcn 15 \v tI{μ
\ho\˛ \hoIcWob Du¿÷
a{¥mebhp ambn DtZymKÿXe
N¿® \SØn. CXn\v apºv tI{μ
\ho\˛\hoIcWob Du¿÷
hIp∏p sk{I´dn Xncph\¥]pcØv
FØnbt∏mƒ, (2006 Unkw-_¿ 12)
anj≥ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS km[yX
Isf kw_‘n®v {]mYanIXe
BtemN\Iƒ \SØnbncp∂p.
]n.hn. DÆnIrjvW≥, Fkv.Fw.hnP
bm\μv (X-t±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W-h-Ip∏v
{]n≥kn-∏¬ sk{I-´-dn) F∂nh¿
]©mbØncmPv a{¥mebhpambpw
anj≥ {]h¿Ø\߃°v tI{μ
klmbw e`n°m\p≈ km≤yX
Isf°pdn®v (2007 s^{_p-hcn 7 \v)
N¿® \SØpI-bp -≠m-bn. CXp
IqSmsX ]n. hn. DÆnIrjvW≥,
sshZypXn hIp∏v {]n≥kn∏¬
sk{I´dn , Xt±ikzbw `cW
$ {]Xn-Zn\w Hcp NXp-c-{i-ao-‰-dn\v 1kWkutcm-¿÷w e`n-°p-∂p.
$ temIØv Hcp h¿jw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂
BsI Du¿÷-Øns‚ 100 Cc´n kutcm-
¿÷w {]Xn-Zn\w `qan-bn¬ (2.9 x 1015 kW]Xn-°p∂p.
$ tIc-f-Øn¬ (2.9 x 107 MW) sshZyptXm-
¿÷Øn\v Xpey-amb kutcm¿÷w Hcp
h¿jw e`n-°p-∂p.
A£b Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Iƒ
kutcm¿÷w
17
]©m-bØv cmPv
hIp∏v {]n≥kn∏¬ sk{I´dn
F∂nh¿ tN¿∂v Zn F\¿Pn dntk
¿®v C≥Ãn‰yq´ v F∂ Du¿÷
taJebnse G‰hpw {]apJ tZiob
C≥Ãn‰yq´n¬ FØn C≥Ãn‰yq´v
UbdIvS¿ tUm.cmtP{μ sI.
]®ucnbpambn anj≥ {]h¿Ø\
ßsf°pdn®v Bib hn\nabw
\SØn. CXn\p apºv ]n. hn.
DÆnIrjvW≥ tUm.]®ucnsb
kμ¿in®ncp∂p kμ¿`Øn¬ tUm.
hn hn F≥ Intjm¿, kp\n¬ Un{¶,
tUm.eo\m {iohmkvXh, amen\n
_meIrjvW≥, sI.cma\mY≥,
ent\mPv Ipam¿ XpSßnb imkv{X
⁄≥amcpambpw hniZmwi N¿®
Iƒ \SØnbncp∂p.
XpS¿∂v Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm
]\ßfnse sXcs™SpØ P\{]
Xn\n[n t\Xm°fpambn 11˛mw
]©h’c ]≤Xn°meØv Du¿
÷ taJebn¬ \StØ≠ CSs]S
epIsf kw_‘n®v hniZamb
N¿®Iƒ°mbn Hcp GIZn\
in¬]ime 2007 s^{_p-hcn 27 \v
\SØpIbp≠mbn. Cu in¬]im
ebn¬ 10 Pn√m ]©mbØp
{]knU‚pamcpw, tªm°v ]©mb
Øv Atkmkntbj≥ t\Xm°fpw,
{Kma]©mbØv Atkmkntbj≥
t\Xm°fpw, 5 tIm¿∏tdj≥
tab¿amcpw kPohambn ]s¶Sp
Øp.
CXp IqSmsX As\¿´v. C.Fw.
kn. F∂o GP≥knIfnse Poh\
°mcpsS Hcp kwbp‡ tbmKw 2007
s^{_p-hcn 12 \v tN¿∂ncp∂p. Cu
tbmKØn¬h®v anj≥ {]h¿Ø\
߃ As\¿´pw, C.Fw.knbpambn
GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xn\p≈ {ia߃
\SØn. tbmKØn¬ \mev]tXmfw
Poh\°m¿ ]s¶SpØp.
anj≥ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]mcn
ÿnXnI ]cnKW\ Dd∏phcpØm
≥ Xmsg ]dbp∂ in¬]imeIƒ
kwLSn∏n°s∏´p.
1. 2007 am¿®v 21\v \S∂ ]cn-
ÿnXn {]h¿Ø-I-cpsS tbmKØn¬
hnhn [ ]cn-ÿnXnkwL-S-\-I-
fn¬\n-∂mbn \m¬∏-Xp-t]¿ ]s¶-Sp-
Øp.
2. Pn√ Du¿÷ -πm≥ Xøm-dm-
°p-∂-Xns‚ coXn-imkv{Xw N¿®
sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn 2007 am¿®v 12\v
\S∂ tbmK-Øn¬ hnhn[ Kth-
jW ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬\n-∂mbn 24
t]¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.
3 . 2007 am¿®v 12\pXs∂
sshZypXn sse≥ am∏nwKv \S-Øp-
∂-Xns‚ coXn-imk-{Xw N¿®-sN-øp-
∂-Xn-\p-≈ tbmKhpw \S-∂p.
2007 am¿®v 8˛mw XobXn tN¿∂
anj≥ {Kq∏v tbmKw anj≥ {Kq∏n\v
Hcp {]h¿Ø\ kwhn[m\w
Xocpam\n®p. Bhiyamb ÿew
CXn\mbn As\¿´n¬ am‰nshbv
°m≥ Xocpam\n®p. anj≥ {]h¿
Ø\Øn\mbn As\¿´v, C.Fw.kn
F∂nhnSßfn¬ \n∂v Poh-\-°msc
\ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
2007 am¿®v 27˛mw XobXn tN¿∂
anj≥ {Kq∏v anj≥ Xømdm°nb
t{]mPIvSpIƒ°v AwKoImcw
\¬In.
$ Proposal for a preliminaryreconnaissance study andpreparation of a database ofpotential small hydro power sitesfor the total energy securitymission with the participation oflocal governments.
$ Proposal for a district level projecton total energy security inPalakkad. F∂n-h-bmWv Cßs\
Gs‰-Sp-°-s∏´ t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ.
2007 G{]n¬ 7˛mw XobXn
tN¿∂ anj≥ {Kq∏ v tbmKw
sshZypXn a{¥nbpambn ]cymtem
Nn®v anj≥ DZvLmS\sØ kw_
‘n®v Xocpam\saSp°m≥ Bkq
{XWt_m¿UwKw ]n.hn DÆn
IrjvWs\ NpaXes∏SpØn.
CXns\ØpS¿∂v Pq¨ 5-˛temI
]cnÿnXn Zn\Øn\v anj≥ DZvLm
S\w Xocpam\n®p. DZvLmS\Øns‚
apt∂mSnbmbn \StØ≠ {]h¿Ø
\ßsf°pdn®v BtemNn°m≥ 2007
G{]n¬ 27\pw sabv 19\pambn c≠v
kwÿm\Xe tbmK߃ \S∂p.
GXm≠v 100 t]¿ hoXw Cu
tbmKßfn¬ kw_‘n®p.
2007 sabv 17˛mw Xob-Xn-bnse
GO (Rt) No. 111/2007/PD {]Imcw
anj\v Hcp kwÿm\Xe tIm¿Un
t\j≥ IΩn‰n Xocpam\n°s∏´p.
Cu tIm¿Unt\j≥ IΩn‰nbn¬
18
]©m-bØv cmPv
\qtdmfw t]¿ AwKßfmWv. anj\v
hnhn[ Pn√mXe tIm¿Unt\j≥
IΩn‰nIƒ 2007 sabv 21˛mw Xob-Xn-
bnse GO (Rt) No. 1460/07/LSGD{]Imcw Xocpam\n°s∏´p. Cu
tIm¿Unt\j≥ IΩn‰nIfn¬
Hmtcm Pn√-bnepw ap∏-tXm-fw t]¿
hoXw AwKßfmWv.
kwÿm\Xe DZvLmS\Øns‚
apt∂mSnbmbn F√m Pn√-I-fnepw
Xt±i`cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS t\Xm-
°-fpsS Pn√m I¨sh≥j\pIƒ
sabv 21˛24 hscbmbn \S-Ø-s∏-´p.
XpS¿∂v Pq¨ 5˛mw XobXn ]≤-Xn-
bpsS DZvLm-S\w F√m Xt±-i-kz-
bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw {]Jym-
]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Hcp {]`m-jW ]c-
ºc \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Xocp -am -\n -
°pIbpw AXn-\p-th≠n A[ym-]-
Isc k÷-cm-°m-\p≈ {iaw XpS-
ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu A≤ym]I
]cnioe\Øn\mbn amÿ s{Sbn\
¿amcpsS ]cnioe\w sabv 23 apX¬
25 hscbpw Pn√mXe ]cnioe\w
sabv 26, 27 \pambn´pw \SØpIbp
≠mbn. Cu ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSnI
fn¬ c≠m-bn -c -Øne[nIw t]¿
]s¶SpØp.
DZvLm-S\ ktΩf\w \SØp
∂Xns‚ aps∂mcp°ßfmbn kn\n
am Xntb‰dpIfnse ss…UpIƒ
hoUntbm kvt]m´pIƒ, tdUntbm
kvt]m´pIƒ, t]mÃdpIƒ XpS-ßn-
bh Cd-°p-Ibpw hm¿Øm t_m¿
UpIfnepw t\m´okv t_m¿UpI
fnepw t]mÃ-dp-Iƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. Ab¬°q´w
I¨ho\¿am¿, k∂≤ {]h¿Ø
I¿ F∂nhcpsS tbmK߃
F∂nhbpw kwLSn∏n°s∏- p. Cu
hniZmwißfSßp∂ k¿°pe¿
2007 sabv 19\v k¿°m¿ ]pdØn
d°n.
CtX-Øp-S¿∂v temI-]-cn-ÿnXn
Zn\-amb Pq¨ 5˛mw XobXn ]me-
°mSv ap\n-kn-∏¬ Su¨lm-fn¬\-
S∂ Bth-i-I-c -amb NS-ßn¬
tIcf K-h¿Æ¿ B¿.-F¬. `mSy
kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-js‚
Hu]-Nm-cnI DZvLm-S-\-{]-Jym-]\w
kqcys‚ NqSv D]-tbm-Kn®v ]mNIw sNømw
$ t_mIvkv tamU¬
ÿnc-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ 3, 4 knen-≠¿
Kymkv Hcp h¿j-Øn¬ em`n-°mw. ]mN-I-Øn\v GI-tZiw
2, 3 aWn-°q¿ kabw th≠n-h-cpw. 3, 4 t]¿°p≈ £Ww
]mNIw sNømw.
$ Unjv tamU¬
ÿnc-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ 10 knen-≠¿ Kymkv
Hcp h¿j-Øn¬ em`n-°mw. {]j¿Ip-°¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬
CXn¬ Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ sIm≠v ]mNIw sNømw. 10˛15
t]¿°p≈ `£Ww ]mNIw sNømw.
Du¿÷ kwc-£Ww hoSp-I-fn¬
tkmfm¿ Ip°¿
\S-Øn. At∂-Zn-hkw GXm≠v
F√m Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-
ß-fnepw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ hnj-b-ß-
fn-ep≈ {]`m-j-W-ß-ƒ \S-Ø-s∏- p.
1. kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-
j≥ Z¿i\w ZuXyw ]cn -
t{]£yw.
2. ssPh-{Zhy ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\hpw
ssPthm¿t÷m-Xv]m-Z-\hpw
3. A£b Du¿÷ hnI-k\
km[y-X-Iƒ.
GXm≠v Im¬e-£w-t]¿ Cu
{]`m-jW ]c-º-c-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-
I-bp-≠mbn.
DZvLm-S-\-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v 462 Xt±-
i-kz-bw-`cW ÿm]-\-߃ Cu
[\-Im-cy-h¿j-Øn¬Øs∂ kºq
¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ {]h¿
Ø-\-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ apt∂m-´p-h-
∂n -´p≠v . Cu ÿe-ß-fn¬
Du¿÷˛]-cn-ÿnXn tk\-Iƒ cq]o-
I-cn-°m\pw ka{K Du¿÷m-kq-{X-W-
]-cn -]m-Sn -Iƒ \S-∏m-°m\pap≈
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bcw- n-®p -I-gn-™p.$
19
]©m-bØv cmPv
tIcfw sshZypXn IΩnbp≈
Hcp kwÿm\amsW∂Xv kphn-
ZnXam -Wt√m. tIcf k¿°m¿
{]Jym-]n-®n- p≈ "kºq¿Æ Du¿÷
kpc£m anjs‚' B`napJyØn¬
A£b Du¿÷ hnIk\Øn\pw
{KmaoW sshZypXoIcWØn\pw
{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ hgn Du∂
¬ \¬Ins°m≠v Cu Zpc-hÿ adn-
I-S-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-c-amWv Ct∏mƒ
kwPm-X-am-bn-´p-≈Xv.
Xm]sshZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°p
hm\p]tbmKn°p∂ C‘\ßfmb
I¬°cn, Uok¬, \m^vXm,
F¬.Fk.vF®v.Fk.v F∂nh H∂pw
Xs∂ tIcfØn¬ kzm`mhnI
e`yXbn√mØXpw, Cd°paXn
sNtø≠XpamWv. AtX kabw,
aqe[\s®ehpw, Dev]mZ\s®ehpw
Xptemw Ipdhmb h≥InS Pe
sshZypX]≤XnIƒ ]eXpw ]cn
ÿnXn°v Ak¥penXmhÿ
krjvSn°p∂Xn\m¬ \S∏nem°p
hm≥ km[n°p∂n√. Cu kμ¿`
Øn¬ ]cnÿnXn°\ptbmPyam
bXpw, sNehpIpd™Xpw \n¿Ωm
Wkabw Ipdhp≈Xpamb sNdp
InS PesshZypX ]≤XnIsf∏¡n
\mw Nn¥nt°≠XmWv. {]mtZinI
ambn sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xn
Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS sshZyp
Xn e`yXbn√mØ {]tZißfn¬
Ffp∏Øn¬ sshZypXn FØn°m
≥ km[n°pw. AXp am{Xa√, henb
AWsI´nbp≈ ]≤XnItf°mƒ
thKØn¬ em`w D≠m°m≥
DXIp∂XpamWv Ch.
tIcfØn¬ \ZnIfnse Pe
e`yXb\pkcn®v sNdpInS Pessh
ZypX ]≤Xn°p≈ km[yXIƒ
[mcmfap≠v. CXv IW°nseSpØm
Wv tIcf k¿°m¿ sNdpInS
PesshZypXn Dev]mZ\ cwKØv
hnπhIcßfmb ]ptcmKXn°v
{ian®psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv. \mfn-Xp-h-
sc-bp≈ sNdp-InS sshZyp-tXm¬∏m-
Z-\-Øn¬ {]mtZ-inI khn-ti-j-X-
Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn®v ]≤Xn cq]-I¬∏\
sNøp∂ kwhn-[m-\tam Ht´sd
A\n¬ Pn.kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m-an-j≥ Ub-d-IvS¿
sNdpInS PesshZypX]≤XnIƒHcp am¿§tcJ
20
]©m-bØv cmPv
sNdp-InS ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS km[yX Hcp-
an®v I≠v (¢-ÿ) am\-Io-I-cn® D]-
I -c -W-߃ D]-tbm -Kn -°p∂
coXntbm {]tbm-K-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-
cm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. sNdp-InS ]≤Xn-
I-fpsS cq]-I¬∏\, D]-I-c-W-ß-
fpsS kvs]kn- n-t°-j≥kv apX-em-
bh kw_-‘n-°p∂ Ãmt‚¿Up-I-
fn¬ am‰w-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-bm-ØXpw
]¶m-fnØ sNdp-InS Pe-sshZypX
hnI-k-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ {ia-
߃ \S-Øm-\m-Im-Ø-Xp-amWv Cu
t]mcm-bva-Iƒ°v ASn-ÿm\w. Ch
]cn-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v sNdp-InS Pe-
ssh-ZypX ]≤Xn hnI-k\w Pn√m-]-
©m-b-Øp-Iƒh-gn apt∂m- p-sIm-≠p-
t]m-Im-≥ kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-
£m- an-j≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂p.
h≥InS PesshZypX ]≤Xnbn
teXpt]mse, Hcp henb Pemibw
(Pekw`cWn) sNdpInS Pessh
ZypX ]≤Xnbn¬ Dt±in°p∂n√.
AXpsIm≠v Xs∂, ]≤Xn°v
hn\ntbmKn°p∂ ÿeØns‚
Afhv hfsc IpdhmWv. an°hmdpw
\Znbn¬ km[mcW D≠mIp∂
sh≈s]m°Øns‚ Pe\nc∏p
hscam{Xambncn°pw sN°v Uman
s‚ (hnbdns‚) s]m°w. Pekw`c
Wnbn√mØXpsIm≠v, th\¬°m
eØv sNdpInS PesshZypX
]≤XnIfn¬ Dev]mZ\w Xptemw
Ipdhmbncn°pw. Nnet∏mƒ Dev]mZ
\w H´pw Xs∂ D≠mbncn°pIbn√.
sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xn°p
≈ Hcp \yq\X CXv am{XamWv.
h¿jØn¬ icmicn Ggv apX¬
F´v amk°mew am{Xta sshZypXn
Dev]mZ\w km[n°pIbp≈q. ]s£
h≥InS PesshZypX ]≤XnIfp≈
tIcfØn¬ ag°meØp≈ sshZyp
Xn Dev]mZ\w, sNdpInS Pe]≤Xn
bn¬ \n∂m°n, h≥InS Pe]≤
Xnbn¬ Pew [mcmfw kw`cn®v,
t h \ ¬ ° m e t Ø b v ° p ≈
Dev]mZ\w km≤yam°mw. am{Xa√
a¡v Du¿÷ DdhnSßfmb kutcm
¿÷w, ssPh]Zm¿∞ßfn¬ \n∂p
≈ Du¿÷w F∂nhsb th\¬
°me sshZyp-tXm¬∏m-Z-\-Øn-\mbn
sNdp-InS Pe-ssh-ZypX ]≤-Xn-I-tfm-
sSm∏w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpam
Imw.
sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xnbp
sS ÿm]nX tijnb\pkcn®v,
Ahsb Xmsg∏dbp∂ hn[Øn¬
aq∂mbn XcwXncn®ncn°p∂p.
1. ]ot°m sslU¬ ˛ 10 Intem
hm´v hsc.
2. ssat{Im sslU¬ ˛ 10 Intem
hm´v apX¬ 100 Intem hm´v hsc
3. an\n sslU¬ 101 Intem hm v
apX¬ 3000 Intem hm´v hsc.
4. kvtamƒ sslU¬ 3001 apX¬
25000 Intem hm´v hsc.
Hmtcm tXmSnepw \Znbnepw
HgpIp∂ PeØns‚ Afhpw, B
ÿeØp≈ sh≈®m´Øns‚
DbchyXymkhpw B{ibn®mWv
$ ssPh-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ A¥-co£ hmbp-hns‚ Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ kqjvamWp Pohn-Iƒ
{]h¿Øn-°p-tºm-gmWv ssPh-hm-XIw AYhm _tbm-Kymkv Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
45-˛55% aosY-bv≥, 35-˛45% Im¿_¨ssUHm-Ivssk-Uv. aosY-bns‚ Item-dn-^nIv aqeyw
4700 Kcal BWv.
$ Hcp Iyp_nIv ao‰¿ _tbm-Kymkv 0.84 Kg. LPG°v Xpey-am-Wv.
$ Hcp bqWn‰v sshZypXn Dev]m-Z-\-Øn\v 0.21 m3 Kymkv thWw.
A£b Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Iƒ
ssPh hmXI πm‚p-Iƒ
$ ]mNI hmXI C‘\w
$ ssPh hfw
$ amen\y \n¿Ωm¿÷\w
$ sshZyp-tXm-ev]m-Z\w
21
]©m-bØv cmPv
sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤XnbpsS
ÿm]nXtijn \nivNbn°p∂Xpw
ta¬∏d™coXnbn¬ Xcw Xncn°p
∂Xpw.
sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xn
Iƒ ]©mbØv XeØn¬
tIcf k¿°mcns‚ Du¿÷
\b]cn]mSnb\pkcn®v ]©mbØv
XeØn¬ P\]¶mfnØtØmsS
sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤XnIƒ
\S∏nem°mhp∂XmWv. CXn-\mbn
Hcp ka{K t{]mPIvSv kºq¿Æ
Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥ Xøm-dm-°n-
bn- p-≠v. h\-{]-tZ-i-tØmSp tN¿∂p-
In-S-°p∂ {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ,
Ah Dƒs∏-Sp∂ tªm°v˛Pn√m
]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ F∂n-hsb Dƒs∏-
Sp-Øn-bmWv Cu t{]mPIvSv \S-∏m-
°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. C.-Fw.-kn.,
As\¿´v F∂o kwL-S-\-I-fpsS
klmbw IqSmsX hnhn[ F©n-\o-
b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-I-sfbpw t]mfo
sSIv\n -°p -I -sfbpwIqSn Cu
{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥
Dt±-in-°p-∂p. CXn-\m-bp≈ am¿§
\n¿t±-i-߃ AS-ßp∂ ssI∏p-
kvXIw kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m
anj≥ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-XmWv.
sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤XnIƒ
FhnsSsbms° ÿm]n°mw?
sNdnb AcphnIƒ°v IpdpsI
Hcp Xmev°menI AW (1 apX¬ 5
hsc ao‰¿ DbcØn¬) sI´n sh≈w
XS™v \n¿Øn AXv I\men¬
IqsStbm, s]≥kvt‰m°n¬ IqsS
tbm, ]h¿lukn¬ FØn®v ssh
ZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°mw. Aßs\
bp≈ Hcp Acphn sXcs™Sp°p
tºmƒ {]tXyIw {i≤nt°≠Xv Hcp
sk°≥Un¬ 10 en¡¿ (GItZiw
Ac -_°‰v) Pe{]hmlw F¶nepw
D≈ Hcp Acphnbntem I\mentem
am{Xta Cu XcØnep≈ Pessh
ZypX ]≤XnIƒ em`Icambn
Bcw`n°m≥ km[n°pIbpffq
F∂XmWv. am{Xa√, hfsc°pd®p
Zqcw k©cn°ptºmƒ Xs∂ KWy-
amb (GItZiw 20˛50 ao‰¿) Dbc
hyXymkw D≈hbmsW¶n¬ hfsc
em`Icambn ]≤Xn {]h¿Øn∏nbv
°phm≥ km[n°pw. Acphnbn¬
sh≈®m´ßfp≈ ÿe߃
Bbncn°pw CXn\v hfsc tbmPn
®Xv.
taev]d™ coXnbnep≈ Acp
hnbn¬ Hcp XSbWbpw ASpØp
Xs∂ Hcp ]Δ¿ lukpw ]Wnbp
hm≥ tbmPn® ÿew I≠p ]nSn
t°≠XmWv.
Acphn ÿnXn sNøp∂
]©mbØv, h\-kw-c-£W kanXn,
Du¿÷-˛-]-cn-ÿnXn tk\ F∂n-h-
bnse AwK-ßsf Dƒs∏-SpØn Xøm-
dm-°p∂ Du¿÷ taJem I¿Ω-k-
an-Xn-bm-bn-cn°pw sNdpInS Pessh
ZypX ]≤XnIƒ hn`mh\w sNøp∂
Xn\p≈ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ G¿s∏
tS-≠Xv.
]≤Xnbv°v A\ptbmPyamb
Hcp ÿew Ds≠∂dn™m¬
Du¿÷ kanXn ap≥ssIsbSpØv
Hcp hnZKv[ kwLsØ Ab®v
{]mYanI km[yXm ]T\w \SØ
Ww. km[yXm]T\Øn\v t]mIp
∂Xv kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc£m
anjs‚ \n¿t±-i-a-\p-k-cn®v ]©m-b-
Øn¬ cq]o -I -cn -°p∂ hnZKv[
kanXn AwK-ß-fm -bn -cn -°Ww.
AcphnbpsS {]hml\nc°v, Dbc
hyXymkw apXemb Imcy߃
GItZi cq]Øn¬ IW°m°n
sshZypXnbpsS e`yX Dd∏phcpØp
∂Xn\p]-tbm-Kn-°mhp∂ hnh-c-ti-
J-cW t^m¿am‰v kºq¿Æ Du¿÷
kpc-£m-an-j≥ e`y-am-°pw.
1. ]≤Xn°\ptbmPysa∂v I≠
ÿew GXp hm¿Un¬/]©mb
Øn¬s∏´XmWv?
2. Cu ÿew BcpsS ssIhiØn
emWv D≈Xv?
DZm: ÿehmknIfpsS/]pdw
t]m°v/h\{]tZiw apXemb
hnhc߃ tiJcn°Ww.
3. Acphnbnse \oscmgp°ns\
22
]©m-bØv cmPv
]‰nbp≈ hnhc߃
i. Hcm≠n¬ F{X amk°mew
Acphnbn¬ \oscmgp°p≠v?
ii. ag°meØv D≠mbn´p≈ sh≈
s∏m°w aqew F{X ao‰¿ Dbc
Øn¬ Acphnbnse sh≈w
Db¿∂p?
iii. ]Δ¿lukn\p th≠n Dt±in®
ÿew shf≈s∏m°waqew
apßnt∏mIm≥ km≤Xbpt≠m?
iv. Cu hm¿Un¬ sI.Fkv.C.-_n.
bpsS sshZypXnsse\pIƒ
Dt≠m? F¶n¬ AXv ]≤Xn°p
t±in® ÿeØv \n∂v F{X
ZqscbmWv?
v . hm¿Un¬ sI.Fkv.C._-n .
sse\ns√¶n¬ F{X ZqscbmWv
\nehnep≈ sse≥ h∂p
\n¬°p∂Xv?
vi. hm¿Un¬ F{X hoSpIƒ sshZyp
XoIcn°mØhbmWv?
vii. \S∏nem°phm≥ Dt±in°p∂
]≤XnIfn¬ \n∂pw F{X hoSp
Iƒ sshZypXoIcn°phm≥
Ignbpw?
viii.hm¿Un¬ Zmcn{ZytcJ°p Xmsg
bp≈ IpSpw_-߃ F{X?
ix. hm¿Un¬ sshZypXn°v hne \¬
tI≠Xmbn´p≈ hoSpIƒ
Dt≠m, Ds≠¶n¬ F{X?
x. hm¿Un¬ Irjn Bhiy߃°v
sshZypXn Bhiyapt≠m?
\nehnep≈ kwhn[m\w F¥m
Wv? DZm: Uok¬ ]ºv, Pe
N{Iw apXembh.
xi. sshZypXn e`n®m¬ sNdpInS
hyhkmb߃, ]mcºcy ssI
sØmgnepIƒ F∂nhbv°v
hnIk\ km≤yXbpt≠m?
xii. Cu ]≤Xn \S∏nem°m≥
th≠ntbm As√¶n¬ sshZypXn
sse≥ \o´p∂Xn\pth≠ntbm
]©mbØv XeØn¬ {ia߃
\SØnbn´pt≠m? ]©mb
Ønse -_UvP‰n¬ CXn\p≈
XpI hI sIm≈n®n´pt≠m?
xiii.P\]¶mfnØtØmsS Cu
]≤Xn \S∏nem°ptºmƒ, ]
©mbØp hnlnXw IqSmsX,
P\ßfpsS kmºØnI ]¶mfn
Øw F{Xam{Xw \evIphm≥
km[n°pw?
xiv.]≤Xn \S∏nem°nbm¬ ]©m
bØn\v ]n∂oSv F¥phm¿jnI
hcpam\w {]Xo£n°mw?
xv. ]≤Xn \S∏nem°nbm¬, Hcp
]s£ Bcw`n°phm\mIp∂
hyhkmb kwcw`߃ Fs¥
√mw?
Cu hnhcßsf√mw Dƒs∏Sp
Øn, hm¿Uv saº¿ Cu ]≤Xn
]©mbØns‚ ]cnKW\bn¬
sIm≠phcWw. Du¿÷ taJem
I¿Ω-k-anXnbpsS ip]m¿itbmSp
IqSn ]©mbØns‚ AwKoImcw
Cu ]≤Xn t\Snbncn °Ww.
]©m-b-Øp-Xe Du¿÷kanXn
Cßs\ \S -Øp∂ km[yXm
]T\Øns‚ shfn®Øn¬ kºq¿
Æ Du¿÷ kpc-£m- an-j≥ \ntbm-
Kn-°p∂ hnZ-Kv[-∑m-cpsS t\XrXz
Øn¬ ]≤Xn {]tZiØv {]mYanI
k¿tΔ \SØn AXp]tbmKn®v
{]mYanI t{]mPŒv dnt∏m¿´ v
D≠mt°≠XmWv. {]mYanI
$ Kymkn-^-b-dn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ hmX-IsØ _¿W-dp-I-fn¬ t\cn´v IØn®v
Xmt]m¿÷ Bh-iy-߃°pw Uok-en-\p-]-Icw Uok¬ F©n-\p-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-
Kn®v sshZypXn DXv]m-Z\ Bh-iy-߃°pw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.
$ 1.5 ˛ 1.7 Kg _tbmamkn¬ \n∂v Hcp bqWn‰v sshZypXn e`n-°p-∂p.
$ 225Kw hsc I∏m-kn-‰n-bp≈ Kymkn-^-b-dp-Iƒ e`y-am-Wv.
A£b Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-Iƒ
Kymkn-^-b-dp-Iƒ
23
]©m-bØv cmPv
dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬
]n∂oSv ka{Kamb k¿tΔ \SØn
XSbWbpw, ]h¿ Nm\¬, t^m¿
t_, s]≥kvt‰m°v F∂nh bpsS
ÿm\hpw InS∏pw \n›bn°pI
bpw thWw.
Cu k¿tΔ°v tijw t{]mPŒv
\SØp∂ ÿeØn\\pkcn®v
\SØnb `qK¿` k¿tΔ, h\`qan
k¿tΔ, `qan D]tbmK k¿tΔ
apXemb ]T -\ -߃ \SØn
]≤XnbpsS hnhn[ LSI߃
kvYm]n°p∂Xn\p G‰hpw tbmPy
amb ÿew I≠p]nSn°pIbpw
AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ka{Kam
b t{]mPŒv dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°p
Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cu t{]mPŒv dn
t∏m¿´ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬
]©mbØpIƒ°v t\cnt´m GP≥
knIƒ aptJ\tbm ]≤Xn \S∏m
°mhp∂XmWv.
{]mYanI ]≤Xn dnt∏m¿´v, ka
{Kamb kmt¶XnI ]≤Xn cq]tcJ
F∂nh Xømdm°ptºmƒ, tI{μ
]mcºtcyXca{¥mebw (MNRE),IREDA, CEA, CWC F∂o kvYm]\
߃ ]pdØnd°nbn´p≈ am¿§
\ n ¿ t ± i ß ƒ ° \ p k r X a m b
hnhc߃ Dƒs∏SpØnbncnt°
≠XmWv. kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ kpc-
£m -an-j≥ \n¿t±-in-°p∂ hnZ-Kv[-
∑m¿ \n¿Ωn-°p∂ ]≤Xn cq]-tc-J-
bn¬ Cu am\Zfi߃ Dƒs∏Sp
Ønbn´ps≠∂v Dd∏m°mw.
CXns\ØpS¿∂v AXXp ]≤-Xn-
I -fpsS hni-Z -amb t{]mPIvS v
dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-
$ km[m-c-W-bmbn 50 apX¬ 80 hsc hm´v i‡n-bp≈ m\mWv D]-tbm-
Kn-°p-∂-Xv. apdn-bpsS hen-∏-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v m\ns‚ kzo∏v (_vtf-Up-
Iƒ Id-ßp∂ hrØ-Øns‚ hymkw) F{X thWw F∂v \n›-bn-°-
Ww.
$ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ t_b-dnwKv ^m\ns‚ Id‚ v sNehv \s√mcp ]cn[n
hsc Ipd-bv°pw. Akm-[m-cW aqf-temSpw i_vZ-tØm-Spw-IqSn HmSp∂
^m≥ t_b-dnwKv tISmbn F∂v Duln-°mw. At∏mƒ tamt´m¿ `b-¶-
c-ambn NqSm-Ipw. Id‚ v sNehv h¿≤n-°pw.
$ ^m≥ c≠p sIm√-Øn¬ Hcn-°-se-¶nepw Agn-s®-SpØv {Ko n´v kwc-
£n-®m¬ Id‚ v sNehv Ipd-bpw.
$ ^m\p-Iƒ ct≠m-ap-°m¬ ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬ Xq°-Ww.
$ km[m-cW sdKp-te-‰¿ D≈ m≥ GXp thK-Øn¬ HmSn-®mepw Id‚ v
sNehv H∂m-Wv. Ipd™ thK-Øn¬ HmSn-°p-tºmƒ sshZypXn em`n-
°m≥ Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv sdKp-te-‰¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.
Du¿÷ kwc£Ww hoSp-I-fn¬
^m≥
24
]©m-bØv cmPv
\p≈ hnZ-Kv[-k-lmbw kºq¿Æ
Du¿÷ kpc£m anj≥ e`y-am-°pw.
t{]mPIvSv dnt∏m¿ v Xømdm°phm≥
th≠n t\ctØ tiJcn®
hnhc߃ apgph≥ Cu hnZ-Kv[-
∑msc G¬∏n°Ww. t{]mPIvSv
dnt∏m¿´ v hfsc thKØn¬
Xømdm°phm≥ CXv klmbn°pw.
Cßs\ Xømdm°nb t{]mPŒv
dnt∏m¿´v ]h¿ Un∏m¿´vsa‚ns‚
A\paXnbv°mbn ]©mbØv Ab
®psImSpt°≠Xpw A\paXn
hmtß≠XpamWv. A\paXn e`n®
t{]mPŒv dnt∏m¿´v, ]©mbØns‚
]cnKW\bv°v sh®v ]≤Xn°mh
iyamb ]Ww kzcq]n°pIbpw
thWw.
]≤Xn°mhiamb aqe[\w
Pn√m klIcW -_m¶pIƒ,
IREDA, MNRE, a¡v tZikm¬
IrX -_m¶pIƒ F∂nhbn¬ \n∂v
hmbv]bmbn e`n°p∂XmWv. hnZ-
Kv[-cpsS \n¿t±i {]Imcw ]h¿lu
kn\v Bhiyamb P\td‰¿,
S¿ss_-≥ apXemb sajo\pIƒ °v
Hm¿U¿ sImSp°mw. ]≤XnbpsS
\n¿ΩmWØns‚ hnhn[ L´ß
fn¬ th≠ kmt¶XnI D]tZiw
sImSp°phm\pw -hnZ-Kv[-k-lmbw
e`y-am°Ww.
]≤Xn ]q¿Ønbmbn sshZypXn
Dev]mZ\w Bcw`n°ptºmƒ B
]©mbØnse D]t`mIvXm°ƒ°v
t\ctØ \n›bn® {]Imcw sshZyp
Xn FØn°p∂Xn\p≈ ]WnIƒ
hnZ-Kv[-cpsS D]tZitØmSp IqSn
Bcw`nt°≠XmWv. Cu sshZypXn
D]t`mIvXm°fpsS ap≥KW\m
{Iahpw B hm¿Unse I¿Ω kanXn
Xs∂ Xømdm°Ww.
]h¿ luknse Dev]mZ\w,
hnXcWw F∂nh \nb{¥n°p∂-Xn-
\p≈ kmt¶-XnI kwhn -[m\w
]©m-b-Øp-X-e-Øn¬ th≠n-h-cpw.
sshZypXn hnXcWØn¬\n∂p≈
hcpam\w, ]≤Xn°pth≠n FSpØn
´p≈ hmbv] Xncn®Sbv°¬
F∂nhbv°pw P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-
߃ D≠m-t°-≠n-h-cpw. Chsb
kw_-‘n-°p∂ hni-Z-amb am¿§-
tcJ anjs‚ ssI∏p-kvX-I-Øn¬
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Acphnbnse \oscmgp°ns\bpw
AcphnbpsS {]XeØns‚ Dbc
hyXymksØbpw A\pkcn®mW
s√m AXn¬ \n∂v e`n°p∂ ssh
ZypXnbpsS tXmXv \n›bn°p∂Xv.
AXn\\pkcn®p≈ hnhc߃
tiJcnt°≠Xp≠v.
D]-kw-lmcw
\√ {]h¿Ø\w ImgvNsh°m≥
{iaIcamb Unssk≥ Bhiyam
sW¶nepw, Hcp ssat{Im knkv¡w
\SØp∂Xv A{X Zpjv°ca√.
sNdnb Hcp ]cnioe\w \¬In Ch
Hcp {]bmkhpw IqSmsX {]h¿Øn
∏n°phm\pw ]cn]men°phm\pw
Ignbpw. CØcw t{]mPIvSpIfpsS
km[mcW Bbp v 20˛25 h¿j
dntam´v I¨t{Smƒ sIm≠v Hm^v sNbvXmepw Sn.-hn. 5W ]h¿ D]-tbm-Kn®p
sIm≠n-cn-°pw. AXp-sIm≠v Sn.-hn. πKv t]mbn‚n¬ Xs∂ Hm^v sNøpI.
Du¿÷-kw-c-£Ww hoSp-I-fn¬
Sn.hn.
25
]©m-bØv cmPv
tØmfamWv. ssat{Im Pe sshZyp
X ]≤Xn, a¡p hn[Ønep≈
]pXp°s∏Smhp∂ Du¿÷ t{kmX
pItf°mtfsd sNehp Ipd™h
bmWv. Cu kvIoapIƒ "run ofriver'' (kw`cWw C√mØh) Bb
Xn\m¬ th\¬°meØv apgph≥
kabhpw {]h¿Øn∏nbv°m≥
IgnbpIbn√. Cu kabØv kutcm
¿÷w, ssPthm¿÷w, ]ht\m¿
÷w t]mep≈ a‰ vD]m[nIƒ
{]tbmP\s∏SptØ≠XmIp∂p.
AXXp {]tZisØ Bƒ°mcpsS
klIcWtØmSp IqSn CØcw
sshZypXn t{kmX pIsf \ΩpsS
{KmaßfpsS hnIk\Øn\v {]tXy
In®v {KnUv IWIvj≥ C√mØnS
ßfn¬ [mcmfambn D]tbmKs∏Sp
Ømhp∂XmWv. {KnUpambn _-
‘n∏n®pw CØcw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ \S-
Øm-\m-Ipw.
H¡s∏´p InS°p∂ aetbmc{Km
aßfn¬ sshZypXn FØnbv°phm
\p≈ G¡hpw ]¡nb t{kmX m
Wv sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤Xn
Iƒ. \nehnep≈ sshZypXirwJe
FØnt®cmØnSØv Cßs\
{]mtZinIambn sshZypXn hnXcWw
sNøm\mhpw. F∂m¬ CØcØn
ep≈ Nne ]≤XnIfn¬ IqSn \ne
hnep≈ sshZypX irwJebnte°v
sshZypXn \evIphm\pw XZzmcm B
{]tZiØmIam\ap≈ thmƒt´Pv
£maw Ipds®ms° ]cnlcnbv°p
hm\pw \ap°p Ignbp∂XmWv.
H¡s∏´p InS°p∂ {]tZi
ßsf Dt±in®p≈ sNdpInS
PesshZypX ]≤XnIfn¬ apX¬
apS°m≥ sshZypXn t_m¿Up
t]mep≈ henb ÿm]\߃°v
kzm`mhnIambpw Xmev]cyap
≠mhn√. Fs¥∂m¬ CØcw
]≤XnIƒ°p th≠n hcp∂
ASnÿm\ sNehpIƒ ]≤XnbpsS
BI∏msSbp≈ kmºØnI
`{ZXsb XInSw adn°p∂ XcØn
$ tIc-f-Øn¬ 25 ÿe-ß-fn¬ Im‰ns‚ e`yXm ]T\w \S-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v. Chbn¬ 17 ÿe-߃ sshZyp-tXm¬∏m-Z\w km[y-am-Ipw.
$ CSp-°n-bnse cma-°¬ta-´n¬ 20 ao‰-dn¬ thKX 29.7 km/h, i‡n
km{μX 532 W/m2
$ A´∏mSn-bnse \√knwKØv 20 ao‰-dn¬ thKX 22.90 km/h, i‡n
km{μX 324 W/m3
$ I©nt°m´v 20 ao‰-dn¬ thKX 22.60 km/h, i‡n km{μX 218 W/m2
$ \nehn¬ ]me-°mSv I©n-t°mSv 2MW hn≥Uv ^mw.
$ A´-∏m-Sn-bn¬ 20MW, CSp-°n-bn¬ 20MW hoXw tijn-bp≈ Im‰m-
Sn-∏mSw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]≤Xn \S∂p hcp-∂p.
A£b Du¿÷- t{km-X- p-Iƒ
Im‰n¬ \n∂pw Du¿÷w ˛ tIcfw
embncn°pw. Du¿t÷mev]mZ\
taJebn¬ ]pØ≥ DW¿Δp≠m
°ns°m≠mWv Cu ]≤XnIfpambn
hnhn[ Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃
apt∂dns°m≠ncn°p∂Xv. ssat{Im
XeØnep≈ ]≤XnIfpsS sshZyp
Xn, {KnUv C√mØ ÿeßfn¬
sshZypXn FØnbv°m\msW¶n¬
sNdpInS PesshZypX ]≤XnIfp
sS {][m\ eIvjyw sshZypXn
C√mØ kvYeßfn¬ sshZypXn
FØn°p∂tXm-sSm-∏w, \nehnep
≈ sshZypXirwJebnte°v ssh
ZypXn hn¬°p∂-XneqsS ÿncamb
Hcp hcpam\w -_‘s∏´ Xt±i
`cW ÿm]\߃°v e`yam°p
hm\pw AXnt\msSm∏w Dev]mZn∏n
°p∂ sshZyptXm¿÷w AXXv
CSßfn¬ Xt±i hnIk\Øn\v
D]tbmKn°p∂Xn\v t{]m’ml\w
sImSp°phm\pw Bbn-cn-°p-Ibpw
thWw.$
26
]©m-bØv cmPv
"kotdm hm´v '_ƒ_mtWm 3000 W hm´¿
lo‰-dmtWm IqSp-X¬ sshZypXnD]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv ?
kotdm hm´v _ƒ_v F∂v an°-hcpw [cn-
®p-sh-®n-cn-°p∂ If¿em-ºp-I-fpsS bYm¿∞
hmt´Pv 15 apX¬ 28 hm v hsc-bm-Wv. 15 hm´ns‚
Hcp _ƒ_v Hcp-Zn-hkw apgp-h≥ IØn-®n-Sp-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬ c≠p-am-k-tØ°v 21.6 bqWn‰v
sshZypXn sNe-hm-Ipw. F∂m¬ CXn-\p-]-Icw
Hcp hm´ns‚ LED emºv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-sW-
¶n¬ sshZypXn D]-tbmKw H∂c bqWn-‰mbn
Ipd-bv°m-\m-Ipw.
Hcmƒ°v Ipfn-°m-\p≈ NqSp-sh≈w In´m-
\mbn 3000 W hm´¿ lo‰¿ 5 an\n-t´mfw am{Xw
{]h¿Øn-∏n-®m¬ aXn. CXn-\mbn Nne-hm-Ip∂
sshZypXn 0.25 bqWn-‰m-Wv. F∂m¬ kotdm hm´v F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp 15 hm´v If¿ _ƒ_v
H-cp-Zn-hkw ]q¿Æ-ambn I-Øn-®n-´m¬ Nne-hm-Ip-∂Xv 0.36 bqWn-‰m-Wv. CXn¬\n∂pw F{X
i‡n-Iq-Snb D]-I-c-W-am-sW-¶nepw i‡n-Ip-d-™h BsW-¶nepw Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sshZyp-
Xn-bpsS Afhv Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ LSIw AXns‚ hmt´Pv am{X-a√ AXv {]h¿Øn-∏n-°p∂
ka-b-hp-am-sW∂v t_m≤y-am-W-t√m.
sshZypXn D]-tbmKw F{X bqWn-‰m-sW∂v\n߃°p-Xs∂ I≠p-]n-Sn°mw!!!
F{X bqWn‰v sshZypXn D]-tbm-Kn®p
F∂p I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ sshZyp-tXm-]-I-c-W-ß-
fpsS bYm¿∞ hmt´Ppw Ah Hmtcm∂pw
F{X aWn-°q¿ hoXw {]h¿Øn-°p∂p
F∂pw Adn-bp-Itb th≠q. Hcp D]-I-c-W-
Øns‚ hmt´ -Pns\ {]h¿Øn® aWn -
°q¿sIm≠v KpWn®v Bbncw sIm≠v lcn-
®m¬ B D]-I-cWw D]-tbm-Kn® sshZyp-Xn-
bpsS Afhv bqWn-‰n¬ (kWh) In´pw.
DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v Hcp 60 hm´v m≥ 5 aWn-
°q¿ {]h¿Øn -®m¬ D]-tbm -Kn -°p∂
sshZypXn = 60 X 5 / 1000 = 0.3 bqWn-‰v.
CXp-t]mse hoSp-I-fnse Hmtcm sshZyp-
tXm-]-I-c-Whpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sshZypXn
I≠p-]n-Sn®v BsI F{X bqWn‰v sshZypXn
D]-tbm-Kn®p F∂p IW-°m-°mw. \nß-fpsS
sshZypX ao‰-dnse doUnw-Kp-ambn CXp Xmc-
X-ay-s∏-SpØn t\m°p-I-bp-am-hmw.
27
]©m-bØv cmPv
hntI{μo-IrX sNdp-InS hnI-k\
]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhiyw
Sqdnkw hnI-k-\-Øn\v hº≥ ]≤-Xn-I-f√
adn®v hntI-{μo-IrX sNdp-InS hnI-k\
]≤-Xn-I-fmWv Bh-iy-sa∂v apJy-a{¥n
hn.Fkv. ANyp-Xm-\-μ≥ ]≤Xn DZvLm-S\w sNøth
]d™p. Sqdn-kw- hn-I-k-\-sa-∂m¬ h\w ssItb-‰hpw
sI´nS-߃ ]Wn-b-ep-am-sW∂mWv Nne¿ Icp-Xp-∂Xv.
aeIfpw Imb-ep-Ifpw \in-∏n®p Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂
ChnsS SqdnÃp hcptam? Chn-SpsØ tIm¨{Io‰v
ku[-߃ ImWm-\√ Ah¿ hcp-∂-sX∂p \mw Xncn-
®-dn-bWw. tIcfw B`y-¥c Sqdn-k-Øn-emWv Dut∂-
≠Xv. \ΩpsS \m´nse hnkva-b-°m-gvN-Iƒ \Ωƒ
Xs∂ ImWWw, At±lw ]d™p.
Sqdn-ksØ P\-Io-b-
h-ev°-cn-°pI e£yw
A[n-Im-c -hn -tI-{μo-I-c -W-Øn-s‚bpw
hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-{X-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]›m-
Ø-e-Øn¬ Xt±-i-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS ]¶m-fn-
Ø-tØmsS Sqdn-ksØ P\-Iob-h-ev°-cn-°p-I-bmWv
]≤-Xn-bpsS e£y-sa∂v NS-ßn¬ A≤y-£-\mbn-cp∂
Sqdnkw hIp∏v a{¥n tImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW≥
]d™p. Hmtcm {]tZ-i-tØbpw Sqdnkw tI{μ-߃
kwc-£n-°p-∂Xv Xt±-i-hm-kn-I-fpsS DØc-hm-Zn-Ø-
ambn amd-Ww. Hmtcm Pn√-bn¬ \n∂pw ]Øv Xt±-i
-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßsf hoXw ]≤Xn \S-Øn-∏n-\mbn
sXc-s™-Sp°pw. AXp-hgn kwÿm-\Øv Npcp-ßn-bXv
140 {Kma-ß-sf-¶nepw Sqdnkw kulr-Z-{Kma-ambn
amdp-sa∂v At±lw ]d™p.
Sqdnkw km≤y-X-bp≈ {Kma-{]-tZ-i-
ß-fp-sSbpw Sqdnkw Dev]-∂-ß-fp-
sSbpw hnI-k-\-Øn-eqsS {Kma-ß-
fn¬ Sqdnkw kulr-Zm-¥-co£w
krjvSn -°p -∂-Xn -\p≈ "Fs‚
{Kmaw Sqdnkw kulr-Z-{Kmaw' F∂
\qX\ ]≤Xn apJy-a{¥n hn.Fkv.
ANypXm-\-μ≥ Pq¨ 6-˛\v Xncp-h-\-
¥-]pcw I\-I-°p∂v sIm´m-c-Øn¬
sh®v DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. B`y-¥c/
Sqdnkw hIp-∏p-a{¥n tImSn-tbcn
_me-Ir-jvW≥ tbmK-Øn¬ A≤y-
£X hln®p.
P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-sSbpw Xt±-i-
`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS kl-I-c-W-
tØm-sSbpw \S-∏n-em-°p∂ Cu
]≤Xn tIc-f -Øns‚ X\-Xmb
{KmaoW- wKn Sqdn-Ãp-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w {Kma-ß-fn¬
IqSp -X¬ sXmgn -e -h -k-c -ßfpw
krjvSn°pw. {]Ir-Xn-c-a-Wo-b-amb
ÿe-ß-fn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-ku-I-cy-
߃ hnI-kn -∏n -°pI, hnt√Pv
kvIzb-dp-Iƒ hn]p-e-am-°pI, Pe-
Im-bnI hnt\m-Z-ßfpw, s{S°nwKpw
Dƒs∏-sS -bp≈ AUvsh-©¿
Sqdnkw hnI-kn-∏n-°pI, ss]XrI
{]m[m-\y-ap≈ {]tZ-i-ßfpw hkvXp-
h-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw ]cn
-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI, ]pXnb
dnt∏m¿´vdnt∏m¿´vdnt∏m¿´vdnt∏m¿´vdnt∏m¿´v
{Kma-߃C\n apX¬
Sqdn-Ãp-IfpsSbpw
kz]v\-`qan
]©m-bØv \yqkv k¿Δokv
28
]©m-bØv cmPv
Sqdnkw Dev]-∂-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI,
]c-º-cm-KX hyh-km-b-ßfpw Im¿jn-Im-Sn-
ÿm\-Øn-ep≈ Sqdnkw Dev]-∂-ßfpw ]cn-
t]m-jn-∏n-°pI XpS-ßnb e£y-ß-fmWv
]≤Xn apt∂m´phbv°p-∂Xv.
Sqdnkw hIp-∏n-s‚bpw Xt±-i-kzbw`cW
hIp-∏n-s‚bpw kwbp‡ kwcw-`-amb ]≤-Xn-
bpsS \n¿Δ-lWw \S-Øp∂ Npa-Xe Xt±-i-
kzbw`cW ÿm]-\-߃°m-Wv. Hmtcm Xt±i-
kzbw`cW ÿm]-\-Øn\pw h¿j-Øn¬ Hcp
]≤-Xn-°m-bn -cn°pw A\p-aXn \¬IpI.
]≤Xn sNe-hns‚ 50% XpItbm ]c-am-h[n
10 e£w cq]tbm kmº-ØnI klmbw
e`n°pw. SqdnÃv tI{μ-ß-fn¬ Jc˛{Zh-am-en\y
kwkvI-c-W-Øn\pw ipNnXz ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\pw
kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ
am{Xta ]cn-K-W-\-bv°mbn sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I-
bp≈p. KXm-KX kuI-cy-߃°pw, qan Gs‰-
Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw, ]pXnb XkvXn-
I-Iƒ Bh-iy-ap≈ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-
∂-X√. Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-Iƒ Xt±i-
kz-bw- -c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃ Xøm-dm°n \¬Ip∂
]≤-Xn-I-fpsS ap≥KW\m-{Iaw \n›-bn®v
kwÿm-\-Xe IΩn-‰n°v \¬Ipw. Sqdnkw
sk{I´dn A≤y-£\pw, Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W
h-Ip∏v sk{I-´dn, ]©m-bØv ap\n-kn-∏¬
Ubd-IvS¿am¿, No v Su¨ πm\¿, kwÿm\
πm\nwKv t_m¿Unse ASn-ÿm-\-ku-I-cy-
hn`mKw No v F∂n-h¿ AwK-ß-fmbpw Sqdnkw
Ub-d-IvS¿ I¨ho-\-dp-amb kwÿm-\-Xe
IΩn‰n-bm-bn-cn°pw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v A\p-aXn
\¬IpI.
IÆmSn {Kma-]-©m-b-Øns\ kwÿm-\sØ BZykºq¿Æ sshZypXo-IrX{Kma-]-©m-b-Ømbn apJy-a{¥n hn.-F-kv. ANyp-Xm-\-μ≥ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p.sshZyp-Xn-hIp∏v a{¥n F.-sI. _me≥, Fkv. AP-b-Ip-am¿ Fw.-]n, ]©m-bØv {]kn-U‚ v Fkv. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ XpSßn-b-h¿ kao]w
]me-°mSv Pn√-bnse IÆmSn {Kma-]-©m-bØv kwÿm-\Øv
kºq¿Æ-ambn sshZyp-Xo-I-cn-°-s∏´ BZy {Kma-]-©m-b-Ømbn.
]mØn-°-en¬ \nd™ P\m-h-ensb km£n \n¿Øn CXns‚
HutZym-KnI {]Jym-]\w apJy-a{¥n hn.Fkv. ANyp-Xm-\-μ≥ \n¿Δ
ln®p. ]pXp-Xmbn sshZypXn FØn® 746 hoSp-Iƒ Dƒs∏sS
]©m-b-Ønse F√m hoSp-I-fnepw sshZypXn FØn-b-Xmbn
NSßn¬ {]Jym-]n®p. sshZypXn hIp∏v a{¥n F.sI. _me≥
NS-ßn¬ A≤y£X hln® NS-ßn¬ 250 hoSp-Iƒ°v sshZypXo-
I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ [\-k-lm-b-hn-X-cWw Fkv. AP-b-Ip-am¿ Fw.]n.
\n¿h-ln®p.
Ipg¬aμw, sImSp-hm-bq¿, ]pXp-\-Kcw, kp¬Øm≥ t]´,
taem-apdn, _nKv_-km¿ sk£-\p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ce-Iv{Sn-kn‰n
t_m¿Uv A\p-h-Zn® 20 e£w cq]bpw, kv{So‰v sabn≥ hen-°p∂-
Xn\pw, Syq_v sse‰v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Pn√m ]©m-bØv A\p
-h-Zn® 6.5 e£w cq]bpw {Kma-]-©m-bØv A\p-h-Zn® 13.5 e£w
cq]bpw tN¿Øv BsI 40 e£w cq]-bmWv ]≤-Xn°p th≠n
sNe-hm-bXv. (]-©m-bØv \yqkv k¿Δo-kv)
IÆmSnkwÿm-\sØ BZy kºq¿ÆsshZyp-Xo-IrX {Kma-]-©m-bØv
]≤-Xn-bpsS temtKm tab¿ kn. Pb≥
_m_p apJy-a-{¥n°v \¬In {]Im-i\w
sNbvXp. hn. inh≥Ip´n Fw.F¬.F, Pn√m
If-IvS¿ F≥. Aø-∏≥, sI.Sn.Un.kn sNb¿
am≥ sNdn-bm≥ nen∏v, amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-IvS¿
sI.Pn taml≥em¬, Sqdnkw sk{I-´dn tUm.
hn. thWp, Sqdnkw Ub-d-IvS¿ kRvP-bvIuƒ
XpS-ßn-b-h¿ NS-ßn¬ ]s¶-SpØp. $
kp`m-jvN-{μ-t_m-kns‚ \o¿Ø-Sm-[n-jvTnX hnI-k-\-sØ-
°pdn®pw, DZ-b-`m-\p It≠Øns‚ ]©m-bØv A°u-≠n-
s\-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ teJ\ ]c-º-c-Iƒ ÿe-]-cn-an-Xn-aqew Cu
e°Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. FUn-‰¿
29
]©m-bØv cmPv
1. BapJw
\n¿Ωn°m\pt±in°p∂ GsX¶nepw sI nSw B {]tZisØ
tdmUpIfpsS mhn hnIk\Øn\pw a‰v Ab¬hmknIƒ°pw
ieyamImXncn°m\pw AXn¬ Pohnt°≠n hcp∂hcpsS
BtcmKyØn\v lm\nIcamImXncnbv°m\pamWv {Kma
]©mbØpIfn¬ IqSn sI´nS \n¿ΩmWw \nb{¥n°p∂Xv.
2007 Pq¨ 6 apX¬ kwÿm\sØ F√m {Kma]©mbØp
(It‚m¨sa‚pIfpw hyhkmb {]tZißfpw HgnsI) Ifnepw
tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ _n¬Unßv dqƒkpw sI´nS \n¿ΩmW
kw_‘amb tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ \nbaØnse F√m hyh
ÿIfpw _m[Iam°n k¿°m¿ hnPvRm]\w {]kn≤oIcn®p
Ign™p. ap≥kn∏¬ {]tZiØv tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ sI´nS
\n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ Fßs\ _m[IamIptam AtX coXnbn¬
AXns‚ kmcmwisØ _m[n°mØ am‰ßtfmSp IqSn
]©mbØp {]tZiØpw C\n apX¬ B N´ßfnse hyhÿ
Iƒ _m[Iambncn°pw. cq]s∏ p hcp∂ tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv
sI´nS \n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ {]kn≤oIrXamIptºmƒ AXm
bncn°pw ]©mbØv {]tZiØv _m[IamhpI.
2. sI nS \n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ F¥ns\ms° _m[IamIpw?
GsX¶nepw `qanbn¬ sI´nS \n¿ΩmWw Dƒs∏sS
Fs¥¶nepw hnIk\tam ]p\¿hnIk\tam \SØptºmgpw
]pXpXmbn Hcp sI´nSw cq]Iev]\bpw \n¿ΩmWhpw
\SØptºmgpw sI nSØns‚ ]Wnbn¬ am‰w hcpØptºmgpw
sI´nSØnse A[nhmk (oocupancy) Øntem D]tbmKcoXn
bntem am‰w hcpØptºmgpw Iq n tN¿°tem hn]peoIcWtam
\SØptºmgpw sI´nS\n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ ]ment°≠Xmbn
hcpw.
ap≥kn∏¬˛{Kma]©mbØv {]tZißfn¬ AXXp
]©m-b-Øv {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw _m[-I-am-°nbsI´nS \n¿ΩmW N -߃: Hcp kw£n]vXw
ap≥kn∏¬˛{Kma]©mbØv sk{I´dnamcpsS A\phmZw
C√msX GsX¶nepw q`mKw hnIkn∏n°mt\m ]p\¿ hnIkn
∏n°mt\m AXn¬ sI nSw \n¿Ωn°mt\m ]pXp°n ]Wnbmt\m
B qanbn¬ Fs¥¶nepw am‰w hcpØmt\m ]mSn√. GsX¶nepw
`qanbn¬ Fs¥¶nepw am‰w hcpØmt\m sI nSw ]Wnbmt\m
Xmev]cyapffh¿ ap≥kn∏¬˛{Kma]©mbØv sk{I´dnbn¬
\n∂pw sUhse∏vsa‚ v s]¿an‰pw ssk‰ns‚bpw ssk‰v
πm\ns‚bpw AwKoImchpw sI´nS\n¿ΩmW A\phmZhpw
hmßnbncn°Ww. InW¿ Ipgnbv°p∂Xn\pw tdmUcpIn¬
aXn¬ ]Wnbp∂Xn\pw A\phmZw thWw.
3. sUhse∏vsa‚ v (hnIk\) s]¿an‰v
ap≥kn∏¬/{Kma]©mbØv {]tZisØ GsX¶nepw qanbn¬
Fs¥¶nepw hnIk\tam ]p\¿ hnIk\tam \SØp∂Xn\p apºv
ap≥kn∏¬/{Kma]©mbØv sk{I´dnbpsS sUhse∏vsa‚ v
s]¿an‰v hmtß≠XmWv. B qanbn¬ hoSp\n¿ΩmWw Dƒs∏sS
F¥p am‰w hcpØp∂Xn\pw sUhse∏vsa‚ v s]¿an‰v hmßWw.
`qhnIk\sa∂Xv qan \nIØp∂Xpw qanbpsS ap≥]p≠mbn
cp∂ D]tbmKw am‰epw XmakØn\mbn qan hn Pns®Sp°epw
\neØns‚ ]cnh¿Ø\hpw a‰v D]tbmK߃°p hnt[b
am°epw Dƒs∏Spw. \new \nIØp∂Xn\p A\paXn \evIptºmƒ
tIcf em‚ v bq nssetkj≥ HmUdpw ]ment°≠XmWv.
sUh-e-]vsa‚ v s]¿an-‰n-\mbn \n›nX t^mdØn¬
(As∏‚nIvkvv AA) At]£n°Ww. At]£tbmsSm∏w
semt°j≥ πm≥, ssk‰v πm≥, k¿Δokv πm≥, a‰v Bhiyamb
hnhc߃ F∂nhbpsS c≠ptIm∏nIfpw DSaÿmhImiw
sXfnbn°p∂ tcJbpw Ic-a-S® ckoXpw At]£m^okpw
AwKoIrX F≥Pn\obdpsS cPnkvt{Sj≥ k¿´n^n°‰ns‚
tIm∏nbpw okv HSp°nb tcJbpw D≠mbncn°Ww.
tIcfØnse ap≥kn∏men‰nIfn¬ \ne\n∂phcp∂ ap≥kn∏¬ sI´nS\n¿ΩmWN´ßƒ ]©mbØpIfnemIam\hpw _m[Iam°n k¿°m¿ DØchv ]pds∏Sphn®p Ign™p. B N´Ønse Nne {]k‡ hnhc߃ km[mcW ]©mbØvAwKØn\p a\ nemIpw hn[w efnXh¬°cn®p Xømdm°pIbmWv CuIpdn∏ns‚ Dt±iw. \nba]camb Imcy߃°v B N´ßƒ Xs∂ B[mcam°Ww.ÿe]cnanXnaqew ]eXpw hn´p If™n´p≠v. tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ _n¬Unßvdqƒkv 1999 te°pff Hcp ]T\ {]thinI am{Xambn Cu Ipdn∏ns\ ]cnKWn°Ww.Xømdm°nbXv Ine sset{_dnb≥ sI.cmPtiJc≥.
30
]©m-bØv cmPv
3.1 ssk‰v πm\n¬ Fs¥ms° thWw?
sUhse∏vsa‚ v s]¿an‰n\pff At]£tbmsSm∏apff ssk‰v
πm\n¬ tπm ns‚ AXncpIfpw k¿tΔ hniZmwißfpw ASpØ
sXcphpw AXns‚ {]thi\ am¿§Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw B sXcp
hns‚ t]cpw hoXnbpw tπm´nse \nehnepff ÿnXnbpw
Im¬∏mXIfpw ssk‰ntem ssk‰n\cnIntem Ahkm\n°p∂
hgnbpsS te Hu´pw tπm v k∫v Unhnj\pIfpsS D]tbmK
ßfpw Hmtcm k_vUnhnj\nte°papff {]thi\ am¿§w,
k¿Δokv teHu´pIfpw, tπm´nse hnIk\ tbmKya√mØ
`qanbpsS ÿm\w, hnIk\Øn\pt±in°p∂ ÿeØns‚
{]tZihpw ÿm\hpw, ssk‰pambn _‘s∏´ hS°p Zni,
ssk‰ns‚ q{]tZi ]cn[n tcJbpw sk{I´dnbv°v Bhiyamb
a‰v tcJIfpw thWw.
3.2 k¿Δokv πm\n¬ Fs¥ms° thWw?
k¿Δokv πm\n¬ tπm nse k∫v Unhnjs‚ D]tbmKßfpw
IW£≥ FSp°mhp∂ PehnXcW sshZypXn s{Ubnt\Pv
kohtdPv te Hu´pIfpw tπm´n\pffnse AØcw kwhn[m
\ßfpw sk{I´dnbv°v Bhiyamb a‰v hnhcßfpw D≠mIWw.
At]£bpw A\p_‘ hnhcßfpw hniZambn ]cntim
[n® tijw sk{I´dn Uhe∏vsa‚ v s]¿an‰v (As∏‚nIvkv
B bn¬) \evtI≠XmWv. DSaÿ\p e`n® s]¿an‰v {]Imcw
`qhnIk\w \SØnb tijw Hcp ]q¿ØoIcW k¿ n n°‰v
sk{I´dnbv°v ka¿∏n°Ww. ]q¿ØoIcW k¿´n^n°‰v
e`n®v 15 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ sk{I´dn Hcp hnIk\ k¿´n^n
°‰v \evtI≠XmWv. Aßs\ 15 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ hnIk\
k¿ n n°‰v e n°p∂ns√¶n¬ Aßs\ hnIk\ k¿ n n°‰v
e n®psh∂p IcpXn XpS¿{]h¿Ø\߃ DSabv°v kzoIcn°mw.
4. _n¬Unßv s]¿an‰v (sI´nS\n¿ΩmW A\phmZw)
sI nS\n¿ΩmW A\paXnbv°mbn \n›nXt^md (As∏‚n
Ivkv A) Øn¬ GsXmcmfpw _‘s∏´ sk{I´dn°v At]£
ka¿∏n°Ww. At]£tbmsSm∏w sI´nSØns‚ πm≥,
semt°-j≥ πm≥, ssk‰v πm≥, ]m¿°nwKv πm≥, a‰p hyhÿIƒ
kw_‘n® ] nIIƒ F∂nhbpsS c≠p tIm∏nIƒ, DSaÿX
sXfnbn°p∂ tcJ, Ic-a-S® cko-Xv, At]£m^okv, πm≥
Xømdm°nb F≥Pn\obdpsS cPnkvt{Sj≥ k¿ n n°‰ns‚
tIm∏n F∂nhbpw D≠mIWw.
tI{μ˛kwÿm\ k¿°mcpIfpsS Nne hIp∏pIƒ°p
th≠nbp≈ sI´n-S-߃ ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn\p≈ πm\pIƒ
sk{I´dn°v ka¿∏n°W-sa-t∂-bp-≈q. A\p-hmZw Bh-iy-
an-√. GsXmcmfpw sI nSØn¬ \SØp∂ aqeyh¿≤\bn√mØ
Nne \n mc ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW߃°pw A\phmZw Bhiyan√.
4.1 ssk‰v πm\n¬ Fs¥ms° thWw?
_n¬Unßv s]¿an‰n\pff At]£tbmsSm∏w hbv°p∂
ssk‰v πm\n¬ ÿeØns‚ AXncpIƒ, sXm´SpØpff
tdmUns‚ ÿm\w, tπm n\SpØpff hgnbpsS t]cpw hoXnbpw,
tπm´n¬ \ne\nev°p∂ sI´nSßfpsS hnhc߃, hgnbpsS
AcnInemWv tπm v F¶n¬ hgnbpsS hoXn, sI nSØn\p ap≥]n¬
D≠mImhp∂ ÿew, hmbphpw shfn®hpw IS∂p t]mImhp∂
XcØn¬ sI´nSØn\p Np‰pw \ne\n¿Ønbn´pff ÿew,
]qt¥m´Øn\mbn \o°nsh® ÿew, I∂pImen∏pc, InW¿,
I°qkv XpSßnb A\p_‘ sI´nS߃, ssk‰ns‚ hS°p
Zni XpSßnb hnhc߃ 1:400 ¬ IpdbmØ Afhn¬ Xømdm°n
Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°Ww.
4.2 sI´nSØns‚ πm\n¬ F¥p thWw?
sI nSØns‚ F√m \neIfpsSbpw πm\pIfpw B vtfm¿
πm\n¬ apdnIfpsS hen∏w, Ib‰p]SnbpsSbpw, en v‰ns‚bpw,
InWdns‚bpw a‰pw ÿm\w, sI´nSØns‚ F√m ÿeØn
s‚bpw D]tbmKcoXn, t¢mk‰v, kn¶v, Ipfnapdn XpSßnbhbpsS
ÿm\w, apdnIfpsS Dbcw, ]mcs∏‰ns‚ I\w, sI´nSØn¬
D¥n \nev°p∂ LSIßfpsS AfhpIƒ, sSd ns‚ πm≥, Pew
Hen®pt]mIm\pff ]≤Xnbpw AXn\pff Ncnhpw, sI nSØns‚
vtfm¿ Gcnb, Im¿∏‰v Gcnb, hS°p Zni F∂nhbpw 1:100
Afhn¬ Xømdm°nb πm\n¬ tcJs∏SpØnbncn°Ww.
4.3 k¿Δokv πm\n¬ F¥p thWw?
k¿Δokv πm\n¬ kzImcy PehnXcW Agp°p \n¿Ωm¿
÷\ kwhn[m\ßfpsS hnhc߃ D≠mIWw.
4.4 ]m¿°nßv πm\n¬ F¥v thWw?
]m¿°nßn\v ÿew Dƒs∏SpØp∂psh¶n¬ ]m¿°nßv
πm≥ ssk‰v πm\ns‚ Afhn¬ IpdbmØ Afhn¬ Xøm
dm°pIbpw ]m¿°nßn\v \o°nsh®ncn°p∂ ÿeØns‚
hnhc߃ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°pIbpw thWw.
4.5 a‰p \n_‘\Iƒ
F√m πm\pIfpw cPntÿUv F≥Pn\ob¿ H∏n v km£y
s∏SpØnbh Bbncn°Ww.
H∂ne[nIw t]¿°mWv ÿesa¶n¬ F√mhcpsSbpw
H∏n Iq mb At]£ ka¿∏n°Ww. \nba]cambn A[nImc
s∏SpØnb Bƒ°pw At]£ ka¿∏n°mw.
5. At]£bn¬ A\phmZw \¬Ip∂ coXn
At]£ e`n®p Ign™m¬ sk{I´dn, ÿew kμ¿in
°pIbpw πm\pIfpw tcJIfpw ]cntim[n°pIbpw sNbvX
tijw \¬Inb hnhc߃ \nba߃°v A\pkcn®msW∂p
t_m[yw h∂m¬ ssk‰pw ssk‰v πm\pw AwKoIcn°pw.
AXn\ptijw sk{I´dn sI´nSØns‚ πm≥, Fenthj≥,
sI´nSØns‚ mK߃ F∂nh \nbam\pkrXamtWm F∂p
]cntim[n®v sI nSw \n¿Ωn°m\pff A\phmZw (As∏‚nIvkv
C bn¬) tcJmaqew \¬Ipw.
At]£bn¬ Fs¥¶nepw t`ZKXn hcptØ≠tXm
IqSpX¬ tcJItfmsS ka¿∏nt°≠tXm Ds≠¶n¬ B
hnhcw 10 Znhk߃°pffn¬ At]£Is\ sk{I´dn
tcJmaqew Adnbn°Ww. At]£bpw tcJIfpw ÿehpw
]cntim[n® tijw A\phmZw \¬Imhp∂Xs√¶n¬, sk{I´dn
31
]©m-bØv cmPv
A\phmZw \ntj[n®psIm≠pff IØv, \ntj[n°m\pff
ImcW߃ klnXw tcJmaqew At]£I\p \¬IWw.
5.1 Fs¥ms° ImcWßfm¬ A\phmZw \ntj[n°mw?
At]£tbmsSm∏w ka¿∏n®n´pff Imcy߃ sI´nS
\n¿ΩmW kw_‘amb GsX¶nepw \nbaßfpsStbm
N´ßfpsStbm hyhÿIƒ ewLn®n´ps≠¶ntem, At]
£bn¬ Bhiyamb F√m hnhcßfpw tcJIfpw ka¿∏n
®n´ns√¶ntem, th≠ coXnbne√ Xømdm°nbsX¶ntem,
AwKoIrX F≥Pn\ob¿ πm\pIfn¬ H∏v h®n´ns√¶ntem,
sk{I´dn Bhiys∏´ GsX¶nepw \nba]camb hnhc߃
\evInbn ns√¶ntem, sI nS ÿeØp \n∂pw s]mXphgnbnte°v
hgn Cs√¶ntem, sI´nSw \n¿Ωn°m\pt±in°p∂ ÿew
k¿°mcns‚tbm at‰m s]mXpÿew BsW¶ntem, k¿°m
cns‚ ÿesaSp°¬ \S]SnIfn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂ ÿe ØmWv
sI´nSw \n¿Ωn°m\pt±in°p∂sX¶ntem sk{I´dn°v
A\phmZw \ntj[n°mw.
5.2 F{X Znhk߃°pffn¬ At]£ AwKoIcn°Ww?
sk{I´dn At]£ e n® tijtam, Bhiys∏´ IqSpX¬
hnhc߃ e`n® tijtam 30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ ssk‰v
πm≥ A\phZn®p \¬IpItbm ImcW߃ tcJs∏SpØn
A\phmZw \ntj[n°pItbm thWw.
ssk‰v πm≥ A\phZn®v \¬Inb tijw sI nS \n¿ΩmW
\n¿ΔlWØn\pff At]£ ka¿∏n®v As√¶n¬ Bhiy
amb A\p_‘ hnhc߃ \¬InbXn\p tijw 30 Znhk
Øn\pffn¬ sI´nS \n¿ΩmWw \SØm\pff A\phmZw
sk{I´dn \¬IWw. AXmbXv IrXyamb At]£ ka¿∏n®n
´ps≠¶n¬ 30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ ssk‰vπm\pw XpS¿∂pff
30 ZnhkØn¬ _n¬Unßv πm\pw AwKoIcn®p \¬IWw.
6. sk{I´dn A\phmZw \¬Ip∂ns√¶n¬
{Kma]©mbØv A\phmZw \¬IWw
icnbmb At]£ sk{I´dnbv°v e n® tijw 30 Znhk߃
°pffn¬ ssk‰v πmt\m _n¬Unßv πmt\m, sk{I´dn AwKo
Icn°p∂ns√¶n¬ At]£Is‚ tcJmaqeapff At]£
A\pkcn®v ap≥kn∏¬ Iu¨kn¬/{Kma]©mbØv ssk‰v
πm\pw _n¬Unßv πm\pw AwKoIcn®p \¬Imhp∂XmtWm
A√tbm F∂v ASpØ 30 Znhk߃°pffn¬ Xocpam\n°m≥
_m[yÿamWv. \nba߃°pw hyhÿIƒ°pw A\pkrXamb
At]£bpw πm\pIfpw am{Xta Iu¨kn¬/{Kma]©mbØv
A\phZn°mhq. Aßs\bmsW¶n¬ A\phZn®p \¬IpIbpw
thWw.
Aßs\ Iu¨kn¬/{Kma ]©mbØv 30 Znhk߃°p
ffn¬ Xocpam\saSp°p∂ns√¶n¬ At]£I\v AwKoImcw
e n®psh∂p IcpXn \nba߃ F√mw ]men®psIm≠v sI nS
\n¿ΩmWw \SØmw. B sI nS\n¿ΩmWw \SØp∂Xv \nba
߃ F√mw A\pkcn®msW¶n¬ AXns\ AwKoIrX sI nS
\n¿ΩmWambn IW°m°pIbpw sNøpw. B¿°pw XSbm≥
t]mepw A[nImcan√.
sI nS\n¿ΩmW A\phmZØn\v km[mcWKXnbn¬ aq∂p
h¿jsØ ImessZ¿LyamWpffXv. A\phmZw Xocp∂
XobXn°p apºmsW¶n¬ aq∂ph¿jw hoXw c≠p{]mhiyw
Ah At]£ \¬In \n¿ΩmW Imebfhv \o´mhp∂XmWv.
A\phmZw Ahkm\n®v Hcp h¿jØn\p tijamWv At]
£n°p∂sX¶n¬ aq∂ph¿j Imebfhnte°v Hcn°¬ am{Xw
]pXp°mhp∂XmWv.
7. \n¿Ωn°ptºmƒ GsX¶nepw am‰w hcpØW
sa¶n¬ ]pXp°nb A\phmZw tXSWw
sI´nS\n¿ΩmWw \S∂p sIm≠ncn°ptºmƒ DSaÿ≥
sI´nSØns‚ πm\n¬ Fs¥¶nepw hyXnbm\w hcpØp∂p
sh¶n¬, hyXnbm\w tcJs∏SpØnb πm\pIfpambn ]pXnb
At]£ka¿∏n®v ]pXp°nb sI´nS\n¿ΩmW A\phmZw
hmßWw. Cu N´ßfnse hyhÿIƒ ewLn°mØ \n mc
am‰ßƒ°v ]pXp°nb A\phmZw hmtß≠Xn√. sI nSØns‚
aqeyw h¿≤n∏n°msX AXns\ AtX]Sn \ne\n¿Øns°m≠v
AtX kz mhhpw aqeyhpapff hkvXp°ƒ D]tbmKn®psIm≠v
AXns‚ ÿm\hpw AfhpIfpw am‰msX A‰Ip‰∏WnIƒ
\SØm≥ DSaÿ\v AhImiap≠v.
sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZw C√msXbpw N´ßƒ°v hncp≤
ambpw Kuchamb am‰ßƒ hcpØnbm¬, sk{I´dn B \n¿ΩmW
]WnIƒ AwKoIrX πm\n\pw N´ßƒ°pw A\pkrXambn
am‰Wsa∂pw, am‰p∂ns√¶n¬ AXn\pff ImcW߃
Adnbn°Wsa∂pw ImWn®v t\m´okv \¬IpIbpw Abmƒ°v
ImcW߃ \evIm\ns√¶n¬ B \n¿ΩmWw Abmƒ \nba
߃°\pkrXam°n am‰pIbpw thWw. icnbmb ImcW߃
\evIp∂psh¶n¬ sk{I´dn \evInb t\m´okv d±m°pItbm
\evInb hniZoIcWØns‚ \ymb߃ ]cntim[n®v t`ZKXn
sNbvXp \S∏m°pItbm sNøWw. sX‰mbn \¬Inb Hcp s]¿an‰v
sk{I´dnbv°v Ft∏mƒ thWsa¶nepw ]n≥hen°mw.
8. \nbahncp≤ \n¿ΩmW߃ s]mfn®p IfbWw
sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZØn\p hncp≤amtbm \nba߃
A\pkcn°mØtXm Bb \n¿ΩmW{]h¿Ø\߃ sk{I´
dnbv°v t_m[ys∏ m¬, AXps]mfn®pIfbWsa∂ Xm¬°menI
DØchpw B DØchv ÿncs∏SpØmXncn°m≥ ImcWap
s≠¶n¬ AXv t_m[n∏n°Wsa∂v hy‡am°p∂ Hcp ImcWw
ImWn°¬ t\m´okpw AXphsc ]Wn\n¿Ønhbv°Wsa∂
\n¿t±ihpw sk{I´dn \¬IWw.
DSa ImcW߃ hniZoIcn°p∂psh¶n¬ Ah ]cntim[n®
tijw DNnXamb Xocpam\saSp°Ww. DSa ImcWw ImWn°p
∂n√msb¶n¬ \nbahncp≤ \n¿ΩmW߃ s]mfn®pIfbm
\pff sk{I´dnbpsS DØchv ÿncs∏SpØpIbpw B mK߃
s]mfn®pIfbpIbpw AXns‚ sNehv DSabn¬ \n∂pw CuSm
°pIbpw thWw. A\phmZan√mØtXm \nbahncp≤tam Bb
GXp ]Wnbpw \n¿Ønshbv°Wsa∂v sk{I´dn°v \n¿t±
in°mw. IqSmsX a\pjy Poh\v A]ISIcamb GXp ]Wnbpw
GXp kabØpw sk{I´dnbv°v XSbmw.
32
]©m-bØv cmPv
A\phmZtam N´ßtfm ewLn®p \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Ønbm
°nb sI nSßfpw s]mfn®pIfbm≥ sk{I´dn \S]Sn kzoIcn
°Ww. A\phmZan√msX ]WnX sI´nSw \nbaw ewLn®n´n
s√¶n¬ AXp {Iah¬°cn°m\pw hyhÿbp≠v. \nbahncp≤
\n¿ΩmW߃ s]mfn®pIfbm≥ sk{I´dn°v t]meokns‚
klmbw tXSmw.
9. \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Ønbmbm¬ sk{I´dnsb Adnbn°Ww
sI´nSw \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Ønbmbm¬ ]q¿ØoIcW k¿´n
n°‰v DSabpw AwKoIrX F≥Pn\obdpw H∏n v sk{I´dn°v
ka¿∏n°Ww. sk{I´dn \n¿ΩmWsØ°pdn®v t_m[ys∏´
tijw Hcp Hm°p∏≥kn k¿ n n°‰v (Occupancy certificate)15 ZnhkØn\Iw DSabv°v \¬Ipw. Aßs\ DSabv°v
k¿´n^n°‰v 15 ZnhkØn\Iw e`n®ns√¶n¬, AXp e`n®
Xmbn IW°m°n DSabv°v \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°mw.
Pohnbv°m≥ A]ISIca√mØ XcØn¬ \n¿ΩmWw
]q¿Ønbmb GXp L´Ønepw sk{I´dnbv°v At]£ \¬In
Hm°p∏≥kn k¿ n n°‰v GsXmcmƒ°pw Icÿam°mw.
10. sI´nS\n¿ΩmWØn¬ th≠ {][m\ \n_‘\Iƒ
hnk¿÷yhkvXp°fpw N∏pNhdpIfw \nd™ HcnSØv
sI nSw \n¿Ωn®pIqSm. Ipgnbpw Izmdnbpw a‰papff A\pNnXamb
ÿeØv sI´nSw \n¿Ωn°cpXv. shffs∏m°Øn¬ apßn
t∏mImhp∂tXm, shffw hm¿∂pt]mImØtXm, 45 Un{Knbn¬
IqSpX¬ Ncn™v \nev°p∂tXm Hen®p t]mImhp∂ aÆpfftXm,
Bb ÿeØv sI´nS\n¿ΩmWw ]mSn√. XoctZi\nbaw
]men°s∏tS≠bnSØv AXp ewLn®v sI nSw \n¿Ωn®pIqSm.
CeIv{Snkn‰n \nbaßfn¬ ]d™n pff hyhÿIƒ A\pkcn®v
sse\pIƒ°pXmsg sI´nSw ]mSn√mØbnSØv sI´nSw
\n¿Ωn®pIqSm. a\pjyhmkØn\mbpff GXp apdnbpw ]pd
tØt°m ]pdtØ°pff Xpd mb ÿetØt°m Xpd°p
∂Xmbncn°Ww.
]Øp ao‰¿ hsc Dbcapff GXp sI nSØn\pw ap≥hiØv
3 ao‰¿ hoXnbnepw ]pdIphiØv 2 ao‰¿ hoXnbnepw HcphiØv
1.20 ao‰dpw adphiØv 1 ao‰dpw ap‰w D≠mbncn°Ww. Ggpao‰¿
Dbcapff sI nSØn\v ]pdIphiØv icmicn 1.5 ao‰¿ hoXnbnepw
hmXnepIƒ Cs√¶n¬ ]pdIphiØv 75 sk‚n ao‰¿ hoXnbnepw
Hcp hiØv 1.20 ao‰dpw adphiØv 75 sk‚nao‰dpw ap‰w D≠m
bncn°Ww. Nne kmlNcyßfn¬ ap‰Øns‚ ta¬∏d™
Afhn¬ Nne hyXnbm\߃ hcpØm≥ N´ßfn¬ hyhÿ
bp≠v.
a\pjyhmkapffXpw ]pdtØ°p Xpd°mØXpamb GXp
apdnbn¬ \n∂pw AIØv Cdßm\pff sXm SpØ apdnbpsS hoXn
2.4 ao‰sd¶nepw D≠mbncn°Ww. 7 ao‰¿ hsc Dbcapff sI nS
Øn\v CXv 1.5 ao‰¿ Bbmepw aXn.
sI´nSw \n¬°p∂ `qanbn¬ shffw In\n™ndßp∂
aÆpffXmsW¶n¬ agshffw B aÆn¬ Cdßm≥ ]mIØn¬
tπm´ns‚ B mK߃ \ne\n¿ØWw. sI´nSw \n¬°p∂
`qanbpsS AXncpIƒ°v shfnbnte°v sI´nSw H´pw Xffn
\nev°m≥ ]mSn√.
aq∂pao‰dntesd GItZi hoXnbpff GXp tdmUnt\mSp
tN¿∂pff hoSpIfpw tdmUns‚ a[yØn¬\n∂pw 4.5 ao‰dpw
kz¥w AXncn¬ \n∂pw aq∂p ao‰dpw AIeØnte ]Wnbmhq.
aq∂p ao‰¿ hsc hoXnbpff \S∏phgnIfpsS AcnInepff
sI´nS߃°v sI´nSØns‚ Dbcw 7 ao‰dn¬ IpdhmsW¶n¬
kz¥w AXncn¬ \n∂pw 2 ao‰¿ AIew ]men®ncn°Ww.
10.1 aq∂pao‰¿ hn´v hoSv ]WnbWw
tZiob˛tÉv sslthIƒ, ap≥kn∏men‰n {Kma]©mbØv
F∂nh {]Jym]n® tdmUpIfpsS hißfn¬ Dff tπm´pI
fnse hoSpIƒ B tπm´ns‚ AXncn¬ \n∂pw aq∂pao‰¿
AIeØnembncn°Ww. F∂m¬ ta¬∏d™ aq∂p ao‰dn
\pffnte°v k¨tjUv 75 sk‚nao‰¿ D¥n\nev°mhp∂XmWv.
B ÿeØns‚ AXncn¬ Xs∂ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS Np‰paXn¬
]Wnbp∂Xn\pw XS an√. B aq∂pao‰dn\pffn¬ sXcphn¬
\n∂pw sI nSØnte°pff {]thi\am¿§ambn ]Sns° pItfm
dmºpItfm \n¬°mhp∂XmWv.
10.2 sI´nSØns‚ `mKßsf kw_‘n® hnhc߃
F√m sI´nSßfnepw hm´¿ t¢mk‰v Hs∂¶nepw D≠mbn
cn°Ww. IpfnapdnbpsS hnkvXo¿Æw 1.5 NXpc{iao‰sd¶nepw
thWw. AXns‚ Hcp hiw 1 ao‰dpw. Ipfn apdnbpw I°qkpw
H∂n®pffXmsW¶n¬ 2.2 NXpc{iao‰dpw Hcp hiw 1.1 ao‰dpw
thWw. Dbcw 2.20 ao‰dpw thWw.
hcm¥bpsStbm CS\mgnbpsStbm {]thi\ hgnbpsStbm
hoXn G‰hpw Ipd™Xv 1 ao‰sd¶nepw thWw. hoSmsW¶n¬
s]mXpP\mtcmKyw, kpc£nXXzw, s]mXpt£aw F∂nh e£yam°n Ncn{XmXoXImew apX¬,IrXyambn ]d™m¬ BC1800˛se tImUv Hm v lapdm_n apX¬, Ct∂mfw ]ecq]ßfn¬ ]men®ph∂ sI´nS\n¿ΩmW \nb{¥W߃, \Kc kz`mhtØmsS hfcp∂ \ΩpsS {Kmaßfnepw \S∏m°m\mcw`n°p∂ BZyL´Øn¬ H´\h[n k¶o¿ÆXIƒ t\cntS≠n hcpw. B k¶o¿ÆXIƒ Ipdbv°m\pff Ffp∏hgn Cu N´ßfpsS kmcmwiw _‘s∏´h¿ ]Tn°pIbmWv. Nne IW°pIƒDs≠¶nepw Cu N´ßƒ Hcp \nbaJWvUamsW∂pw F≥Pn\obdnßv Imcyßfs√∂pw DffAht_m[tØmsS kao]n®m¬ ]T\w Ffp∏amhpw. F√mhcpw Imcy߃ {Kln®m¬ DtZymKÿcpsSCu cwKsØ AgnaXn km[yX Ipdbpw. As√¶n¬ AgnaXnbpsS as‰mcp ]®XpcpØmIpw Cu cwKw.
33
]©m-bØv cmPv
]pdtØm´pff hmXnen\v G‰hpw Ipd™Xv 75 sk‚nao‰¿
hoXnbp≠mbncn°Ww. A√mØ ÿeßfn¬ 1.2 ao‰dpw thWw.
Xmakn°mhp∂ F√m apdnIfnepw hmbphpw {]Imihpw
IS∂p t]mIp∂Xn\pth≠n \mjW¬ _n¬Unßv tImUv
1983˛¬ ]d™n´pfft]mse BhiyØn\p hmXmb\ßtfm
Zzmcßtfm thWw. ASp°fbn¬ ]pIbpw NqSpff hmbphpw
]pdØpt]mIm\pff kwhn[m\w thWw.
Ipfnapdnbnepw I°qknepw BhiyØn\p shfn®hpw
hmbphpw IS°pIbpw ]pdtØ°pff hmbp t]mImhp∂ hn[w
Hcp hmbp \n¿§a\ sh‚nte‰¿ ÿm]n°pIbpw thWw.
12 hkXnIfn¬ IqSpXepff dknU≥jy¬ tπm´pIƒ°v
Hcp hnt\mZÿew BhiyamWv.
aq∂ne[nIw \nebpff hoSpIƒ, Bip]{XnIƒ, temUvPp
Iƒ, hym]mcÿm]\߃ F∂nhbv°v H´\h[n {]tXyI
\n_‘\Iƒ ]men°m\p≠v.
10.3 sI´nSßfn¬ agshff kw`cWn thWw
100 N.ao‰dn¬ IqSnbXpw 200 N.ao‰¿ ÿeØp \nev°p
∂Xpamb hmkKrl߃ Dƒs∏sSbpff H´\h[n sI´nS
߃°pw agshff kw`cWhpw Ir{Xnaamb qPe ]cnt]mjW
kwhn[m\hpw sI´nSØns‚ mKambn \n¿Ωn°Ww. Ah
C√msX A\paXn e n°n√.
11. sNdnb tπm´pIfnse sI´nS߃
125 NXpc{iao‰dn¬ IhnbmØ tπm´pIfnse 3 \neIfn¬
IhnbmØ sI nS߃°v Nne CfhpIƒ A\phZn®n p≠v.
tZiob˛kwÿm\ sslthIƒ ap≥kn∏men‰n {]Jym
]n®n´pff tdmUpIƒ F∂nh Hgn®pff tdmUpIfpsS mKØv
kz¥w AXncn¬ \n∂pw 2 ao‰¿ aXnbmIpw. ]s£ Su¨πm\nßv
kvIow Fs¥¶nepw \nehneps≠¶n¬ AXns‚ \n_‘\
Iƒ sNdnb tπm´n\pw _m[IamIpw. ap≥hiØpff ap‰w 1.80
ao‰¿ D≠mbncn°Ww. hißfn¬ 90 sk.ao, as‰mcp hiØv 60
sk.ao, ]pdIphiØv G‰hpw Ipd™Xv .5 ao‰¿ BImhp∂
XcØn¬ icmicn 1 ao‰¿ hoXn thWw. a‰p sI´nS߃°p
]men°s∏tS≠ tdmUns‚ a≤yØn¬ \n∂pff AIew,
{]thi\ tdmUns‚ hoXn, sse‰nßv, sh‚ntej≥ XpSßnb
Imcyßfn¬ CØcw sI nS߃°v Cfhp≠v.
12. Np‰paXnepw thenbpw
s]mXphgnbpsStbm Peam¿§Øns‚tbm mKsØ Np‰paXn¬
_‘s∏´ sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZan√msX ]WnXpIqSm.
]pXp°n∏Wnbm\pw A\phmZw thWw. tK‰pw {Kn√pw s]mXp
hgnbntet°m ASpØ hkvXphntet°m Xpd°m≥ ]mSn√.
shff t]∏dn¬ FgpXn tIm¿ v okv Ãmºv ]Xn∏n® At]£
bmWv aXn¬ \n¿ΩmW A\paXn°mbn ka¿∏nt°≠Xv.
At]£tbmsSm∏w qanbpsS DSaÿX sXfnbn°p∂ tcJ,
hniZamb ssk‰vπm≥, aXn¬ \n¿Ωn°m≥ D]tbmKs∏Sp
Øp∂ hkvXphns‚ hnhchpw s]¿an‰v okpw ka¿∏n°Ww.
At]£ e`n®v 30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ s]¿an‰v \¬IWw. Hcp
h¿jamWv A\phmZØns‚ Imemh[n. ]WnIgn™v
]Wn Xo¿∂ XobXn tcJs∏SpØnb \n¿ΩmW \n¿ΔlW
dnt∏m¿ v DSaÿ≥ sk{I´dn°v ka¿∏n°pIbpw thWw.
13. aq∂pao‰¿ ]cn[n ]cn]men°mØ sI´nSßfn¬
c≠mw \ne \n¿Ωn°p∂Xv kw_‘n®v
2000 am¿®v 30˛\p apºv \ne\nev°p∂Xpw tdmUcnIn¬
\n∂pw 3 ao‰¿ ]cn[n]men°mØXpamb sI´nSßfn¬
H∂masØtXm c≠masØtXm \ne XmgsØ \nebpsS
tdmUn\SpØpff Afhp ]men®psIm≠pw B \nebpsS samØw
hym]vXnbn¬ A[nIamImsXbpw ]Wnbp∂Xn\v XS an√.
F∂m¬ ap≥]v \ne\nev°p∂ XmgsØ \nebn¬ 3 ao‰¿ ]cn[n
kw_‘n® hyhÿ ]men®psIm≠v tImWn∏Sn ]Wnbm≥
am{Xta A\paXnbpffq. sI´nSw \nev°p∂ tπm´ns‚ \mep
hiØpw icmicn 60 sk.ao (a‰p Nnehn`mKw sI´nS߃°v
1 ao‰dpw) hoXw ÿew D≠mbncn°pIbpw thWw. 1 ao‰¿
hiapffnStØ apIƒ \nebn¬ hmXn¬ hbv°m≥ ]mSpffq. 60
sk.ao‰dn¬ Ipdhpff mKtØ°v P\meIfpw ]mSn√.
ta¬∏d™ sI´nSßfn¬ ta¬°qcbpw j´dpIfpw
hmXnepIfpw am‰p∂Xn\pw \nbaw A\phZn°p∂p. \nehnepff
sI´nSßfn¬ Iq´nt®¿Øv ]WnbWsa¶n¬ _n¬Unßv
dqƒknse F√m hyhÿIfpw ]men®ncn°Ww.
14. InW¿ Ipgnbv°¬
sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZw C√msX ]pXnb InW¿ Ipgn
bv°m≥ ]mSn√. InW¿ Ipgnbv°m≥ Dt±in°p∂ Bƒ
ssk‰vπm\pw ÿeØns‚ DSaÿX sXfnbn°p∂ tcJbpw
klnXw sk{I´dnbv°v At]£ ka¿∏n°Ww. sk]v‰n°v
Sm¶n¬ \n∂pw 7.5 ao‰¿ AIeØnembncn°Ww InW¿ Ipgn
bvt°≠Xv. InWdns‚ Np‰pw NpSpI sIm≠v Hcp ao‰¿ DbcØn¬
kwc£W`nØn sI´Ww. InW¿ Ipgnbv°m\pff A\phmZ
Øn\v c≠ph¿jtØ°mbncn°pw km[pX. InW¿ Ipgn®Xn\p
tijw AXp Ipgn® XobXn tcJs∏SpØnb Hcp \n¿ΔlW
dnt∏m¿ v DSaÿ≥ sk{I´dnbv°v ka¿∏n°Ww.
15. IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°p∂Xn\pff hyhÿIƒ
sk{I´dnbpsS A\paXntbmSp IqSn am{Xta GsXmcmfpw Hcp
IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°m≥ ]mSpffq. achpw sNfnbpw CeIfpw ta®n¬
hkvXp°fpw sIm≠p \n¿Ωn°p∂XmWv IpSn¬. tZiob˛
kwÿm\˛ap\nkn∏¬/{Kma]©mbØv {]Jym]nX tdmUpI
fn¬ \n∂pw 3 ao‰dpw AX√mØ tdmUpIfn¬ \n∂pw 1 ao‰dpw
AIew ]men®p am{Xta IpSnepIƒ \n¿Ωn°m≥ ]mSpffq.
IpSnens‚ F√m hißfnepw 60 sk.ao AIew AXncpIfn¬
\n∂pw D≠mIWw.
IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°m≥ As√¶n¬ ]p\¿\n¿Ωn°m≥ Xmev]
cyapff Bƒ shfft]∏dn¬ tIm¿´v ^okv Ãmºv ]Xn®
At]£ ssk‰v πm\pw DSaÿmhImiw ÿm]n°p∂ tcJbpw
At]£m okpw klnXw sk{I´dnbv°v ka¿∏n°Ww.
34
]©m-bØv cmPv
14 ZnhkØn\Iw sk{I´dn A\phmZw \¬IWw. 14 Znhk
߃°p tijw IpSn¬ \n¿ΩmW A\phmZw e`n®ns√¶n¬,
At]£I\v ap≥kn∏¬ Iu¨kn¬/{Kma ]©mbØnt\mSv
A\phmZØn\mbn At]£n°mhp∂Xpw B At]£bn¬
A\phmZw \¬IWtam th≠tbm F∂v Iu¨kn¬/{Kma
]©mbØv Xocpam\saSp°m≥ _m[yÿhpamWv. Iu¨kn¬/
As√¶n¬ {Kma]©mbØv 30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ Aßs\ B
At]£bn¬ Xocpam\saSp°p∂ns√¶n¬ At]£I\v \nbaw
]men®psIm≠v IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°mhp∂XmWv. IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn
°m\pff A\phmZw sk{I´dn \ntj[n°p∂psh¶n¬ B
\ntj[°pdn∏n¬ ImcWßfpw tcJs∏SpØnbncn°Ww.
IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn°m\pff A\phmZØn\p Ime]cn[n c≠p
h¿jamWv. IpSn¬ \n¿Ωn® tijw DSaÿ≥ sI nSw \n¿Ωn®
XobXn tcJs∏SpØnb \n¿ΔlW dnt∏m¿ v sk{I´dn°p
ka¿∏n°Ww.
16. Nne \n¿ΩmW߃ sk{I´dnbv°v AwKoIrXam°mw
sk{I´dnbpsS A\phmZan√msXbmW,v A\phmZtØmsS
am{Xw Bcw`nt°≠nbncp∂, Nne \n¿ΩmW߃ Bcw`n®
sX¶nepw B \n¿ΩmWØn¬ \nba߃ ewLn°s∏´n´n
s√¶n¬ sk{I´dnbv°v Ah {Iah¬°cn®p \¬Imhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬ AwKoImcan√msX Bcw n°p∂ GXp \n¿ΩmWhpw
XStb≠Xv sk{I´dnbpsS NpaXebmWv.
A\phmZw C√msX \n¿Ωn®Xn\v AwKoImcw e`n°p∂
Xn\v, km[mcWKXnbn¬ A\phmZØn\mbn At]£n°p
tºmƒ Bhiyamb F√m tcJIfpw klnXw At]£n
°Ww. sk{I´dn ]pXnb Hcp A\phmZØn¬ Xocpam\saSp°pw
t]mse Cu At]£bnepw Xocpam\saSp°Ww. sk{I´dn,
A\phmZan√msX ]WnX B sI nSØn\v AwKoImcw \evIp
∂n√msb¶n¬ AXns\ A\[nIrX sI´nSambn ]cnKWn®v
s]mfn®p Ifbm≥ \n¿t±iw \evIWw. DSa A\phmZan√msX
]WnXXpw sk{I´dn s]mfn®pIfbm≥ \n¿t±in®Xpamb
sI´nSw s]mfn®pIfbp∂n√msb¶n¬ sk{I´dn AXp
s]mfn®pIftb≠Xpw AXn\pff sNehv DSabn¬ \n∂pw
CuSmt°≠XpamWv. sk{I´dnbv°v sI´nS DSabv°v FXnsc
t{]mknIyqj\p t]mbpw XpS¿\S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°mw.
17. sk{I´dnbpsS \S]SnIfn¬ A∏o¬ t]mImw
sI nS \n¿ΩmW kw_‘ambn sk{I´dn \¬Ip∂ GXp
DØchpIƒ°psaXnsc AXr]vXnbpffh¿°v A∏o¬ \¬Imw.
sI´nSÿew AwKoIcn°pI, sI´nS\n¿ΩmWw A\p
hZn°pI, \n¿ΩmWØn¬ am‰w hcpØm\mhiys∏SpI, sI nSw
s]mfn°m≥ Bhiys∏SpI, ]Wn \n¿Øn hbv°m≥ Bhiy
s∏SpI F∂o Imcyßfn¬ sk{I´dnbpsS DØchn\v FXnsc
ss{S_qWen¬ t\cn v A∏o¬ ka¿∏n°mw. sk{I´dnbpsS a‰v
DØchpIƒ°v FXnsc cWkanXnbn¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n
°Ww. ap≥kn∏men‰ntbm {Kma]©mbtØm FSp°p∂ Xocpam\
߃°v FXnsc ss{S_qWen¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n°mw.
30 ZnhkØn\pffn¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n°Ww.
18. Cu Ipdn∏n¬ hnhcn®n n√mØ kp{][m\hyhÿIƒ
_lp\ne sI nSßfpsS kpc£mkwhn[m\ßsf°pdn®pw,
samss_¬ t^mWpIƒ°pff sSenIΩyqWnt°j≥ Sh¿
ÿm]n°p∂Xns\°pdn®pw, ss]XrI sI´nS߃ kwc£n
°p∂Xns\ kw_‘n®pw, sI nS \n¿ΩmW πm\pIƒ Xømdm°p
Ibpw AwKoIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂ F≥Pn\ob¿amsc cPnÿ
sNøp∂Xns\ kw_‘n®pw sk{I´dn k¿°mcn\p \evtI≠
dnt∏m¿ pIsf°pdn®pw, A\[nIrX \n¿ΩmWw XSbm≥ th≠n
kzoIcnt°≠ hnPne≥kv kvIzmUv Dƒs∏sSbpff kwhn
[m\ßsf°pdn®pw, sI nS \n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ ewLn®mepff
]ngsb°pdn®pw tIcf ap≥kn∏¬ _n¬Unßv dqƒkns‚ hnhn[
A[ymbßfn¬ hnhcn®n p≠v. Ah CXn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbn n√.
19. D]kwlmcw
s]mXpP\mtcmKyw, kpc£nXXzw, s]mXpt£aw F∂nh
e£yam°n Ncn{XmXoXImew apX¬, IrXyambn ]d™m¬
BC1800˛se tImUv Hm v lapdm_n apX¬, Ct∂mfw ]ecq]
ßfn¬ ]men®ph∂ sI´nS\n¿ΩmW \nb{¥W߃, \Kc
kz`mhtØmsS hfcp∂ \ΩpsS {Kmaßfnepw \S∏m°m\m
cw n°p∂ BZyL´Øn¬ H´\h[n k¶o¿ÆXIƒ t\cntS≠n
hcpw. B k¶o¿ÆXIƒ Ipdbv°m\pff Ffp∏hgn Cu N´ß
fpsS kmcmwiw _‘s∏´h¿ ]Tn°pIbmWv. Nne IW°pIƒ
Ds≠¶nepw Cu N´ßƒ Hcp \nbaJWvUamsW∂pw F≥Pn
\obdnßv Imcyßfs√∂pw Dff Aht_m[tØmsS kao]n
®m¬ ]T\w Ffp∏amhpw. a\ ncpØn hmbn®m¬ B¿°pw
a\ nemImØsXm∂pw CXnen√. F√mhcpw Imcy߃
{Kln®m¬ DtZymKÿcpsS Cu cwKsØ AgnaXn km[yX
Ipdbpw. As√¶n¬ AgnaXnbpsS as‰mcp ]®XpcpØmIpw
Cu cwKw. GXmbmepw tZmjßsf AXnPohnbv°p∂ KpW
KW߃ Dff H∂mWv sI nS\n¿ΩmW \nb{¥Ww. ���$
\n¿ΩmWw Bcw- n® sI´nS߃°vA\p-aXn thtWm?
{Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ sI´nS \n¿ΩmW N -߃ \S-
∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ Xd-\n-c-∏n\p apI-fn-te-°v sI´nS
\n¿ΩmWw Bcw-`n-®n-´n-√mØ F√m sI´n-S-߃°pw
sk{I-´dn-bpsS A\p-aXn hmßn-tb \n¿ΩmWw \S-
Øm≥ ]mSp≈q. \n¿ΩmWw Ign-™Xpw CXp-hsc \º¿
e`n-®n- n-√m-Ø-Xp-amb sI´n-S-Øn\v okv _m[-I-am-bn-
cn-°pw. mKn-I-ambn \n¿Ωn® sI´n-S-߃°v kpc-£m-
kw-hn-[m-\-ßfpw ]m¿°nwKv ÿehpw ag-sh≈
sImbvØv kwhn-[m-\hpw G¿∏mSv sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v.
\n¿ΩmWØn-en-cn-°p∂ sI´n-S-ß-fn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw
t`Z-KXn hcp-Øp∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]pXnb s]¿an‰v Bh
iyamWv.
35
]©m-bØv cmPv
A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥knIƒ \n¿Δ-ln-°p∂]Wn-I-fpsS \S-]-Sn-{Iaw ]cn-jv°-cn-®p
tIcf k¿°m¿kw{Klw
Xt±i kzbw cW hIp∏v Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-߃ A{I-
Un‰v GP≥kn-Iƒ aptJ\ s]mXp-a-cm-aØv ]Wn-I-fpsS \n¿Δ-
lWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ ]cn-jvI-cn®v DØ-chv
]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂p.
Xt±-i kz-bw- -cW (Un.F) hIp∏v
k.D(Fw.-Fkv)-\w. 133/07/Xkz- h.
XobXn, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw, 18˛05˛2007
]cm-a¿iw: 1. k.D. (]n) \w. 216/97/ X`h; XobXn 23.09.1997
2. k.D (Fw.Fkv) \w. 254/97/X`h, XobXn 12.11.1997
3. k.D (Fw.Fkv) \w. 68/98 X`h, XobXn 21.03.1998
4. k.D (]n) \w. 21/99/X`h, XobXn 28.01.1999
5. k.D (]n) \w. 135/99/X`h, XobXn 06.07.1999
6. k.D (Fw.-F-kv) \w. 47/2001/πm\nw-Kv, XobXn
28.11.2001
7. k¿°p-e¿ \w 13527/Un.]n 1/03/Xkz- h, XobXn
19.3.2003
8. k.D (B¿.Sn) \w. 4288/04/Xkz- h, XobXn 14.12.04
9. k.D (B¿.Sn) \w. 856/05/Xkz- h, XobXn 5.3.05
DØ-chv
]c-ma¿iw H∂v, c≠v F∂nh {]Imcw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® tIcf
]©m-bØv cmPv (s]mXp-a-cm-aØv ]Wn-I-fpsS \S-Øn∏v) N -ß-
sfbpw tIcf ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n (s]mXp-a-cm-aØv ]Wn-I-fpsS \S-
Øn∏pw km[-\-߃ hmßepw) N -ß-sfbpw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n
k¿°m¿ Nne ÿm]-\-ßsf/k¿°m-cn-Xc kwL-S-\-Isf/te_¿
tIm¨{SmIv‰v kl-I-cW kwL-ßsf Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-
fpsS s]mXp-am-c-aØv {]hr-Øn-Iƒ \n¿Δ-lWw \SØp-∂-Xn-\p≈
A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn-I-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-®n- p≠v. emt`— IqSmsX
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw kmº-Øn-I-£-a-X-bp-≈Xpw {]h¿Øn-]-cn-
Nb-ap-≈-Xp-amb ÿm]-\-߃/kwL-S-\-Iƒ/kwL-߃°mWv
A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ \¬Ip-∂Xv. C{]-Imcw AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip∂
A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn-Iƒ aptJ\, Xt±-i- cW ÿm]\-߃
s]mXp-a-cm-aØv {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS \n¿Δ-lWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v ]cm
a¿i-Ønse 3,4,5,6,7,9 F∂nh {]Imcw \n›-bn-®n-cp∂ \S-]-Sn-{Ia-
߃ NphsS hnh-cn-°p∂ {]Imcw ]cn-jvI-cn®v DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-
Sp-hn-°p∂p.
1. Hcp ÿm]-\-Øn\v/kwL-S-\bv°v/kwL-Øn\v A{I-Un-t‰-
j≥ \¬In-sIm≠v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ DØ-c-hn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-
´p≈ C\w {]hr-Øn-Iƒ am{Xta B ÿm]\w/kwL-S\/
kwLw aptJ\ \n¿Δ-lWw \S-Øm≥ ]mSp≈p. Nne GP≥kn-
I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Nne {]tZ-i-߃°v/Pn√bv°v am{X-am-bmWv
A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ \¬In-bn- p-≈Xv. AXn-\m¬ {]hr-Øn-bpsS
\n¿Δ-l-W-Np-a-Xe Cu DØ-c-hnse \S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ {]Imcw
Hcp A{I-Un‰v GP≥knsb G¬∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv _‘-s∏´
GP≥kn°v Xß-fpsS Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-
Iƒ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A{I-Un-t‰-tj≥ e`n-®n- p-s≠∂v
Dd∏p hcp-ØWw.
2. em`w A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\mepw bYm¿∞ aqeyw (actualcost) am{Xta sNe-h-gn-°m≥ ]mSp≈p F∂-Xn-\mepw Icm-dp-
Im-cs‚ em -hn-lnXw IqSm-sX-bmWv FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-t°-≠Xv.
F∂m¬ aqey-h¿[nX \nIpXn (Value Addex Tax), BZmb
\nIpXn (Income Tax), a‰p \nIp-Xn-Iƒ, \n¿Ωm-W-sXm-gn-emfn
t£a-\n[n hnln-Xw, amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v, FÃn-ta‰v Xøm
-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]Xn- ew (A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sW-¶n¬ am{Xw)
apX-emb sNe-hp-Iƒ°p≈ XpI FÃn-ta-‰n¬ {]tXyIw ImWn-
®n-cn-°Ww. {]m_-ey-Øn-ep≈ \nc-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw Xømdm-
°p∂ FÃn-ta‰v XpIbv°v ]pd-sa-bmWv (over and aboveestimates as per rates in vogue) Cu sNe-hp-Iƒ°p≈ XpI
hI-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv.
3. FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°¬
(a) Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-߃°v th≠n ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n- p≈
s]mXp-a-cm-aØv N -ß-fnse hyh-ÿ-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n
-bm-bn-cn-°Ww πm≥, Unssk≥, FÃn-ta‰v apX-em-bh Xøm-dm-
t°-≠Xv. k¿°m¿ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \n›-bn-°p∂ \nc-°p-
I-fmWv (schedule of rates) FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v
Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠Xv.
(b) \n¿ΩnXn tI{μ-߃, tImÃvt^m¿Uv, lm_n-‰m‰v sSIvt\m-
fPn {Kq∏v XpS-ßnb FP≥kn-I-fpsS X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy
(alternate technology) D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-
Iƒ°v, Cu GP≥kn-Iƒ \n›-bn-®n- p≈ Um‰m-bpsS ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]kvXpX GP≥kn-I-fpsS Xs∂ Ãm≥tU¿Upw,
kvs]kn- n-t°-j\pw A\p-k-cn®v FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°m-hp-∂-
XmWv. F∂m¬ BsI aXn∏v sNehv, s]mXp-a-cm-aØv hIp∏v
\n›-bn-®n- p≈ am\-Zfi-ßfpw \n_-‘-\-Ifpw A\p-k-cn®v
Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ e`n-°p∂ FÃvta‰v XpI-sb-°mƒ A[n-I-
am-I-cpXv.
(c) X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-
I-fpsS πm≥, Unssk≥, FÃn-ta‰v apX-em-bh _‘-s∏´
FP≥kn-I-fpsS F©n-\ob¿am¿°pw Xøm-dm-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.
F∂m¬ a‰v {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-
\-Øns‚ F©n-\o-b¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°Ww Ch Xøm-dm-
t°≠Xv.
4. kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn:-
s]mXp-a-cm-aØv {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn hmßp-∂-
Xn\v k¿°m¿ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \n›-bn-°p∂ s]mXp-hmb
\S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ A{I-Un-‰Uv FP≥kn-Iƒ aptJ\ \n¿Δ-lWw
\S-Øp∂ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°pw _m[-I-am-bn-cn°pw. F∂m¬
\n¿ΩnXn tI{μ-߃, tImÃvt^m¿Uv, lm_n-‰m‰v sSIvt\m-fPn
{Kq∏v XpS-ßnb GP≥kn-I-fpsS X\Xv kmt¶XnI hnZy
D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂-
Xn-\mbn Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ Hcp {]tXyI kanXn D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.
Cu FP≥kn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy ]cn-N-b-
ap≈ F©n-\o-b¿amsc Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp kanXn
36
]©m-bØv cmPv
cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Pn√m If-IvS¿am¿ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-t°-≠-
XmWv. \n¿ΩnXn tI{μ-߃, tImÃvt^m¿Uv, lm_n-‰m‰v
sSIvt\m-fPn {Kq∏v apX-emb ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂
F©n-\o-b¿amsc Cu kan-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-
Ø-XmWv. Cu kan-Xn-bn¬ \n∂mWv F√m XeØn-sebpw
Xt±i- -cW ÿm]-\-߃ CØcw {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v kmt¶-Xn-
Im-\p-aXn hmtß-≠Xv. X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy ]cn-N-b-ap≈
F©n-\o-b¿am¿ C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ C{]-Im-c-samcp kanXn GsX-
¶nepw Pn√-bn¬ cq]o-Icn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-s√-¶ntem kanXn
cq]o-I-cn-®n- p-s≠-¶nepw {]kvXpX kan-Xnbv°v kt¶-Xn-Im-\p-
aXn \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ A[n-Imc]cn-[n-bnepw IqSp-X¬
FÃn-ta‰v XpI-bp≈ {]hr-Øn-bm-sW-¶ntem ]c-ma¿iw F v
{]Imcw cq]o-I-cn-®n- p≈ kwÿm-\-Xe kan-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v
kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn hmßm-hp-∂-XmWv.
5. sS≠¿ \S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ IqSmsX Xs∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS \n¿Δ-
lWw A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn-Isf G¬∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.
sjUyqƒ \nc-°n-s\-°mƒ Ipd™ \nc-°n¬ {]hrØn \S-
∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ km[yX Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]\w Bcm-bWw.
AXp-{]-Imcw \n›-bn-°p∂ \nc-°ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-
cn-°Ww \n¿Δ-lW Npa-Xe GP≥knsb G¬∏n-t°-≠Xv.
sjUyqƒ \nc-°n-s\-°mƒ A[nI \nc°v A\p-h-Zn-°m≥ ]mSp-
≈-X√. F∂m¬ Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS s]mXp-a-cm-aØv
{]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v sS≠¿ FIvkkv A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v
k¿°m¿ Hcp s]mXp DØ-c-hn-eqsS A\p-aXn \¬Ip-I-bm-sW-
¶n¬ am{Xw AXn\v \n›-bn-°p∂ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ {]Imcw A[n-
I-\n-c°v A\p-h-Zn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.
6. \nc-X-{Zhyw (EMD), Pmay-XpI (security) apX-em-bh A{I-Un-
‰Uv GP≥kn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw CuSm-t°-≠-Xn√.
7. {]hrØn Gev]n-°p-tºmƒ Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\hpw
FP≥knbpw XΩn¬ Icm¿ DS-º-Sn-bn¬ G¿s∏-SWw.
8. kq∏¿hn-j≥ \SØn Afhp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-ج:-
(a) Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ F©n-\o-b-dmWv kq∏¿hn-j≥
\SØn Af-hp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv. X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy
D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ am{Xw
_‘-s∏´ GP≥kn-I-fpsS F©n-\o-b¿am¿°pw Af-hp-Iƒ
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-XmWv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Xt±-i- -c-W- ÿm-]-
\-Øns‚ F©n-\o-b¿ Ah ]cn-tim-[n®v icn-bm-sW∂v
t_m[y-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv.
(b) {]hr-Øn-bpsS kmt¶-XnI KpW-\n-e-hmcw (technicalsoundness) Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw FP≥kn-°mWv.
(c) πm≥, Unssk≥, FÃn-ta‰v apX-em-bh Xøm-dm-°pI,
kq∏¿hn-j≥ \S-ØpI F∂o Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\v
Xt±i- -cW ÿm]-\-Øn\v kz¥-ambn F©n-\o-b¿ Cs√-¶n¬/
F©n-\o-b-dpsS XkvXnI Hgn™p InS-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
k¿°m¿ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ am¿§-\n¿t±-i-
߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn ]Icw kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-
XmWv.
9. Af-hp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°¬ (Check measurement):-(a) Af-hp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb F©n-\o-b-dpsS Db¿∂ dm¶n-
ep≈ as‰mcp F©n-\o-b¿°v, sN°v sa-j¿sa‚ v \S-Øm-hp-∂-
XmWv. F∂m¬ X\Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-
°p∂ {]hr-Øn-bpsS Af-hp-Iƒ GP≥kn-bpsS F©n-\o-b-
dmWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX-¶n¬ Akn-Â v FIvkn-Iyq- ohv
F©n-\o-b-dpsS dm¶n¬ Xmsg-b-√mØ Hcp F©n-\o-b-dm-bn-cn-
°Ww sN°vsa-j¿sa‚ v \S-tØ-≠Xv.
(b) Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS/Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn-
te°v ]p\¿hn\y-kn® F©n-\o-b¿am¿°v ]pdsa k¿°m¿/
s]mXp-ta-Jem ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ tPmen-bp≈ F©n-\o-
b¿am¿°pw, k¿°m¿/s]mXp-ta-Jem ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw
hnc-an-®Xpw kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ kan-Xn-I-fn¬
AwK-ß-fp-amb F©n-\o-b¿am¿°pw sN°vsa-j¿sa‚ v \S-Øm-
hp-∂-XmWv. hnc-an® F©n-\o-b¿am-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Ah¿ GXv
]Z-hn-bn¬ \n∂mtWm hnc-an-®Xv {]kvXpX ]Z-hn-bn-ep≈
F©n-\o-b-dmbn Ahsc IW-°m-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.
10. amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v/FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]Xn- ew:-
{]hrØn Gs‰-SpØv \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v
Bbn FÃn-ta‰v XpI-bpsS 2 (c≠v) iX-am\w ]cn-[n-bn-√msX,
GP≥kn°v \¬tI-≠-XmWv. X\Xp kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy D]-tbm-
Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ FP≥kn Xs∂-
bmWv πm≥, Unssk≥, FÃn-ta‰v F∂nh Xøm-dm-°p-∂
-sX-¶n¬ {]Xn-^-e-ambn FÃnta‰v XpI-bpsS ½ iX-am\w
GP≥kn°v A\p-h-Zn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. CØcw sNe-hp-Iƒ°v
th≠ XpI amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v/FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-
\p≈ {]Xn-^ew F∂ C\-Øn¬ s{]mP-IvSn¬ {]tXyIw
Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWw.
11. t]bvsa‚ v:-
NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv {]Imcw L´w L -ambn am{Xta
GP≥kn°v XpI \¬Im≥ ]mSp≈p.
(a) L´w 1 : Icm¿ DS-º-Sn-bn¬ G¿s∏´p Ign-™m¬ {]hr-Øn-
°p≈ Icm¿ DS-ºSn XpI-bpsS 20%.
(b) L´w 2,3,4 : ap≥ AUzm≥kp-I-fpsS 90% sNe-h-gn-®-Xn-\p≈
hmtez-j≥, sN°vsa-j¿ sNøp∂ F©n-\o-b¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂ apdbv°v 20% hoXw.
(c) L´w 5 : ap≥ AUzm≥kp-I-fpsS 90% sNe-h-gn-®-Xn-\p≈
hmtez-j≥, sN°vsa-j¿ sNøp∂ F©n-\o-b¿ km£y-s∏-
SpØp∂ apdbv°v 10% hoXw.
(d) L´w 6 : {]hrØn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xn-\p-tijw ss^\¬
hmtez-j≥ sN°vsa-j¿ sNøp∂ F©n-\o-b¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-
Øp-Ibpw _‘-s∏´ F√m tcJ-Ifpw Xt±-i-kzbw c-W-ÿm-
]-\-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ apdbv°v _m°n 10%.
(e) amt\-Pvsa‚ v Nm¿÷v/ FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]Xn-
^ew Ah-km\ L -Øn¬ \¬In-bm¬ aXn-bmIpw.
12. X\Xp kmt¶-Xn-hnZy D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-bpsS
Af-hp-Iƒ GP≥kn-bpsS F©n-\o-b-dmWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-
sX-¶n¬ saj¿sa‚ v _p°v, hu®-dp-Iƒ, a‰v tcJ-Iƒ F∂nh
GP≥kn Xs∂ Xømdm°n kq£n-°Ww. Xt±-i-`-c-W-
ÿm-]-\tam, Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]\w \ntbm-Kn-°p∂ F©n-\o-
37
]©m-bØv cmPv
btdm/kan-Xntbm Ft∏mƒ Bh-iy-s∏- mepw Ah ]cn-tim-[-
\-bv°mbn \¬tI-≠-XmWv. saj¿sa‚ v _p°v, a‰v tcJ-Iƒ
F∂nh {]hrØn ]q¿Øn-bm°n 15 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Xt±-i-
`cW ÿm]-\-Øn\v \¬IWw.
13. ]cm-am¿iw H∂v, c≠v F∂nh {]Imcw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® s]mXp-a-
cm-aØv N -ß-fnse 17 -maXv N -Øn¬ hyhÿ sNbvXn- p-≈Xv
{]Imcw {]hr-Øn-bpsS kw£n]vX hnhcw AS-ßnb Hcp
t\m´okv GP≥kn Xøm-dm°n, hy‡-ambn ImWmhp∂ Xc-
Øn¬ ]Wn ÿeØv {]Z¿in-∏n-t°-≠-XmWv.
14. {]hr-Øn-Iƒ kw_-‘n® F√m tcJ-Ifpw s]mXp-tc-J-I-fm-
bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv. GsX-¶nepw ]uc≥ Bh-iy-s∏- m¬ ]I¿∏v
FSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ okv CuSm°n sIm≠v GP≥kn/Xt±-i-
-c-W-ÿm-]\w _‘-s∏´ tcJ-I-fpsS ]I¿∏v \¬tI-≠-XmWv.
15. \nIp-Xn-Ifpw t£a-\n[n hnln-Xhpw Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]\w
Xs∂ t\cn v AS-bv°Ww. Cu sNe-hp-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb
{]hr-Øn-bpsS _n√n¬ \n∂pw Ipdhv sNøm≥ ]mSp-≈-X√.
Ch AS-®p-sh∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ k¿´n-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ (aqey-
h¿≤nX \nIp-Xnsb (VAT) kw_-‘n®v _‘-s∏´ N -߃
{]Im-c-ap≈ \n›nX t^mdw, t£a-\n[n hnlnXw AS® cko-
Xns‚ ]I¿∏v, BZmb \nIpXn AS-®-Xns‚ k¿´n- n-°‰v apX-
em-bh) Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]\w A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn°v
\¬IWw. GP≥kn-Iƒ Ah-cpsS tS¨ Hmh¿ kw_-‘n®
IW-°p-Iƒ _‘-s∏´ hIp-∏n¬/ ÿm]-\-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-
tºmƒ Cu {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]\w \nIpXn/
t£a-\n[n hnlnXw AS-®n- p-s≠∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ k¿´n- n-
°‰v lmP-cm-°n-bn-s√-¶n¬ GP≥kn-Iƒ ho≠pw Ah AS-
bvt°≠n hcp∂ kml-Ncyw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv C{]-Imcw
k¿´n- n-°-‰-Iƒ \¬I-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-°p-∂Xv. ap≥ Ime-
ß-fn¬ A{I-Un-‰Uv GP≥kn-Iƒ aptJ\ \n¿Δ-lWw \S-
Øp-Ibpw Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]\w Xs∂ t\cn v \nIpXn/ t£a-
\n-[n-hn-lnXw AS-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p≈ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS
Imcy-Øn¬ Ah AS-®p-sh∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ k¿ n- n-°-‰p-Iƒ
GP≥kn-Iƒ°p \¬In-bn- n-s√-¶n¬ Xt±-i- -c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃
DS≥ Xs∂ Ah _‘-s∏´ GP≥kn-Iƒ°v \¬tI-≠-XmWv.
]c-am¿iw 4, 6, 9 F∂o k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hp-Ifpw 7- -masØ
k¿°p-edpw d±v sNøp∂p. ]c-am¿iw 3,5 F∂o k¿°m¿ DØ-c-
hp-I-fnse,A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ kw_-‘n® mK-ß-sfm-gn-sI-bp≈ \S-
]-Sn-{I-a-ßfpw d±v sNøp∂p. AXm-bXv ]cm-a¿iw aq∂nse DØ-c-
hn¬ kwÿm\ \n¿ΩnXn tI{μw, Pn√m \n¿ΩnXn tI{μ-߃,
tImÃv t^m¿Uv F∂o ÿm]-\-߃°v A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ \¬In-
sIm-≠p≈ mKhpw ]c-ma¿iw A©nse DØ-c-hn¬ lm_n-‰m‰v
sSIvt\m-fPn {Kq∏n\v A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ \¬In-sIm-≠p≈ mKhpw
am{Xw XpS¿∂pw {]m_-ey-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv.
Kh¿Æ-dpsS DØ-c-hn≥ {]Imcw
Fkv.-Fw. hnP-bm-\μv
Kh¨sa‚ v {]n≥kn-∏¬ sk{I- dn
(]©mbØv \yqkv k¿Δokv)
GOVERNMENT OF KERALA
Local Self Government (RD) DepartmentNOTIFICATION
G.O (Ms) No. 150/2007/LSGD.Dated Thiruvananthapuram, 6th June 2007.
S.R.O No. 495/2007- In exercise of the powers conferred bysubsection (1) of section 274 of the Kerala Panchayat Raj Act,1994 ( 13 of 1994) and in super-session of all the previousnotifications issued in this subject matter, the Government of Keralahereby declare that those provisions of the Kerala Municipality Act,1994 (20 of 1994) mentioned in the Schedule below and the KeralaMunicipality Building Rules, 1999, shall be extended and be inforce in all the Village Panchayats of Kerala State with immediateeffect.
SCHEDULEClauses (2), (3), (19), (32), (34), (38) and (46) of section 2 of
chapter 1, chapter XVIII and Sections 509 and 510 of chapterXXIII, sections 511, 515,517 of chapter XXIV, section 563 of chapterXXV, sections 567,570, 573 of chapter XXVI and the fourth and fifthschedules in so far as they relate to the matters specified in chapterXVII of the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 ( 20 of 1994).
By Order of the GovernorS.M. Vijayanand
Principal Secretary to Government
Explanatory Note(This does not form part of the notification, but is intended to
indicate its general purport).Kerala has a unique environmental situation, which has
historically influenced the human settlement as well as land usepattern. However, of late, large scale development is taking placein unregulated manner even in the rural areas of the State. Thisrapid growth in an unplanned manner without reference to thecarrying capacity of a locality in relation to available infrastructure,services and resources would have serious negative consequencesaffecting the present and future development of the State. Thereforeit is necessary to ensure proper regulation of development especiallyconstruction activities. For this purpose Government have alreadyimplemented the provisions of Kerala Municipality Building Rulesand the relevant provisions of the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994(Act 20 of 1994) in 184 Panchayats. Now it is decided to extend theapplication of the Kerala Municipality Building Rules, 1999 and therelevant provisions of the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 (20 of1994) to all village Panchayats of Kerala State.
This notification is intended to achieve the above object.
(Panchayat News Service)
F√m {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw sI´n-S-\n¿ΩmW N -߃
38
]©m-bØv cmPv
Institute of Social Sciences8 Nelson Mandela Road
New Delhi 110 070
International Conference on
Kerala People's Plan Revisited14-15 December 2007, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Organized by
Institute of Social Sciences (ISS)
in co-operation with
Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA)
CALL FOR PAPERS
In India the progress in the implementation of decentralized planning and the performance of DistrictPlanning Committees following the 73rd and 74th amendments of the Indian constitution has been haltingand haphazard. The people's Plan campaign launched in mid- 1990s in Kerala was a historic landmark informulating a methodology of decentralised planning with people's effective participation. It is importantto build on it, revisit it and carry it forward. The two - day conference will pool and share the experience oflocal planning in Kerala, rest of India and other countries. We invite papers form social scientists, planners,innovative NGOs and administrators in the following broad areas – empirical as well as theoretical:
◆ Methodology of decentralised planning◆ District Planning committees and District Planning: Experiences from various states◆ GIS as a tool of local planning.◆ Sectoral Plan vs Spatial Planning: Issues of Integration◆ Gender component in Local Planning: Experience and Lessons from Kerala◆ Democratic Decentralisation: Planning Experience from other countries.
The papers must reach M.A Oommen, Malcolm S. Adiseshiah Chair Professor for DevelopmentEconomics and Decentralized Planning, Institute of Social Sciences office, TC -2/2678 Surya Nagar,KRA - 98, Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 004 (Tel: + 91 471 2534763 Email :[email protected]) before 1 October 2007. Travel and other expenses of scholars fromIndia whose papers are selected will be met by the organisers. Foreign participants may arrange theirtravel through their Universities/ Foundations/Research Centres. Their hospitality, while in Kerala, will belooked after by the organisers.For further details contact:
P.N. Kuttappan, Institute of Social Sciences, 8 Nelson Mandela Road, New Delhi 110070(Tel:+ 91 11 26121902 /26121909, Cell : 9968469014 Fax: + 91 1126137027, Emails : [email protected]
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GOVERNMENT OF KERALAABSTRACT
Local Self Government Department – Revision of PWD Schedule of Rates –Implementation of new rates in LSGDs – Orders issued.
Local Self Government (DA) DepartmentG.O (Ms) No. 137/07/LSGD
Dated, Thiruvananthapuram, 28/05/07Read : 1. G.O (Ms) No. 227/06/LSGD dated 4.10.2006
2. G.O (Rt) 595/07/PWD dated 26/04/2007ORDER
As per the Government Order read 1st above, Government haveaccorded sanction for allowing tender excess up to 15% for building andbridge works with estimates prepared on the basis of 2004 PWD ScheduleRates until new Schedule of Rates come into effect.
Now Government as per Government Order read as 2nd paper abovehave revised the PWD Schedule of Rates with effect from 01.04.07.
In the above circumstances Government are pleased to order that thenew Schedule of Rates sanctioned as per the G.O read as second paperabove will be applicable to LSGD also w.e.f 1/04/07. The tender excess asper the G.O read as first paper above stands cancelled w.e.f. 1/04/07
The new SOR 2007 will not apply in respect of contracts already executedor where a tender based on earlier SOR is proposed to be accepted.
(By Order of the Governor)S.M. Vijayanand
(Panchayat News Service) Principal Secretary to Govt.
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GOVERNMENT OF KERALAABSTRACT
Health and Family Welfare Department – Kerala Prevention of FoodAdulteration Rules 2007 – Freezed – Orders issued.
Health & Family Welfare (E) DepartmentG.O (Rt) No. 1974/07/H & FWD.
Dated, Thiruvananthapuram, 4/06/07Read : G.O. (P) No. 31/07/H&FWD dated 1.02.2007
ORDERAs per the Government Order read above, the Kerala Prevention of
Food Adulteration Rules 2007 came into existence with effect from 1-2-2007.In the said rules Government made certain revision in the license fee leviedin the PFA Act.
Considering the requests of various organisations, Government arepleased to freeze the order read above till further orders.
(By Order of the Governor)R. Purushothaman Nair
(Panchayat News Service) Deputy Secretary to Govt.
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Edited and Published by A. Ajith Kumar, IAS, Director of Panchayats, Govt. of KeralaThiruvananthapuram - 695 033 and Printed at Gramalakshmi Mudralayam, Kanjikode, Palakkad.