jurnal penelitian/research journal

7/21/2019 Jurnal Penelitian/Research Journal

1/21

;

KEKHL]L] MRQQBEY QKYLJ IKE YJYKH K]]BY] YRQEJPBQ QKYLJ

YBQCKIKV VBQYROARCKE HKAK VKIK VBQR]KCKKE OKER@KGYRQ

\KEN YBQIK@YKQ IL LIS YKCRE 16;;-16;=

Jhbc4

^lhhy \ketj

Okckslswk Vrjnrko ]tuil Kguetkesl Relvbrsltks Vutbrk Aktko

Iwl ]uolekrej

Ijsbe Vrjnrko ]tuil Kguetkesl Relvbrsltks Vutbrk Aktko

KA]YQKMY

Ycls stuiy wks mjeiumtbi wltc purpjsb tj bxkoleb tcb b``bmt j` kekhyst vkrlkahbs Murrbet

Qktlj (MQ) kei Yjtkh Kssbts Yurejvbr Qktlj (YKY) tj prj`lt nrjwtc le okeu`kmturlen

mjopkelbs tckt krb rbnlstbrbi le LIS le 16;;-16;=. Le tcls stuiy, okeu`kmturlen mjopkelbs

tckt krb bxkolebi jehy hloltbi tj sua-sbmtjr ls sua sbmtjr mjopkey okeu`kmturlen leiustry j`

`jjis kei abvbrknbs. Le tcls mksb rbsbkrmcbrs usbi iktk j` mjopkeys `lekemlkh stktbobets

sua-sbmtjr okeu`kmturlen leiustry j` `jjis kei abvbrknbs suaslilkrlbs pbr =; Ibmboabr,

wclmc ls hlstbi le wltc tcb klo lix tj kvjli tcb ue`klrebss le mjesjhliktbi `lekemlkh. Le tcls

stuiy, rbsbkrmcbrs uslen skophbs ks okey ks ;1 okeu`kmturlen mjopkelbs sua-sbmtjr `jjis

kei abvbrknbs leiustry wks bhbmtbi ay purpjslvb skophlen. K tjjh `jr k kekhysls tckt usbi le

tcls stuiy ouhtlphb rbnrbsslje kekhysls ls hlebkr mjopjueis, cypjtcbsls (mjb``lmlbet

ibtbrolektlje, trlkh @, kei trlkh t) tbstbi le tcb trlkh iktk mke ab mjemhuibi tckt tcb vkrlkahb

MQ kei YKY pkrtlkhhy ejt tjwkri tcb nrjwtc j` ebt slnel`lmkethy b``bmt tcb slnel`lmkemb wltc

tcb vkhub j` clnc slnel`lmkemb 6.62 tckt ls 6.>>6 kei 6.>9


2/21

1

obrupkgke suoabr utkok pbrgboakenke leiustrl il iuelk. Vbrgboakenke pbruskckke

okeu`kgtur ikpkt ilnuekgke uetug obhlckt pbrgboakenke pbruskckke sbmkrk eksljekhlsob

ike pkik uouoeyk obenugur gbabrckslhke suktu pbruskckke abrikskrgke glebrdk

pbruskckke. Vbrgboakenke lel ikpkt ilhlckt aklg ikrl kspbg gukhltks prjiug yken

ilckslhgkeeyk okupue glebrdk pbruskckke sbmkrk gbsbhurucke, sbclennk pbrgboakenke

pbruskckke okeu`kgtur skenkt obolmu pkik pbruskckke dksk ike pbruskckke iknken.

]khkc sktu tuduke pbruskckke kikhkc hkak. Hkak obrupkgke suktu bhbobe yken pkhlen

pbetlen ikhko obelhkl glebrdk pbruskckke. Ckh lel ilgkrbekgke sbokgle aklg pbrtuoaucke

hkak obeueduggke akcwk sbokgle aknus glebrdk pbruskckke, sbclennk hkak pbruskckke

tbrsbaut ilnuekgke sbaknkl ikskr pbenkoalhke gbputuske levbstksl aknl pkrk levbstjr aklg

ikhko ebnbrl okupue hukr ebnbrl. Ilskoplen ltu, uetug obhlckt hkak ktku runleyk pbruskckke

ilpbrhugke hkpjrke gbukenke yken keikh, sbclennk pkrk levbstjr ikpkt obenkoalh gbputuske

levbstksl obhkhul hkpjrke gbukenke yken tbhkc ilkuilt. Hkpjrke gbukenke kikhkc mktktke

le`jroksl gbukenke suktu pbruskckke pkik suktu pbrljib kguetkesl yken ikpkt ilnuekgke

uetug obennkoakrgke glebrdk pbruskckke tbrsbaut. Yuduke hkpjrke gbukenke kikhkc

obeybilkgke le`jroksl kguetkesl yken obeykengut pjslsl gbukenke, glebrdk, sbrtk

pbruakcke pjslsl gbukenke suktu pbruskckke yken abroke`kkt aknl pkrk pbokgkl ikhko

pbenkoalhke gbputuske. Hkpjrke gbukenke yken hbengkp ikhko obelhkl glebrdk pbruskckke

kikhkc ebrkmk, hkpjrke hkak runl, hkpjrke pbruakcke bgultks, hkpjrke khlrke gks, ike mktktke

hkpjrke gbukenke.

Knkr abroke`kkt le`jroksl kguetkesl ikhko hkpjrke gbukenke, okgk ckrus kgukrkt,

tbpkt wkgtu, hbengkp, rbhbvke, tbrpbrmkyk, tbrvbrl`lgksl, ouikc ilpkckol, ike ouikc

ilpbrjhbc ikhko obobeucl gbautucke pbokgkl ikhko prjsbs pbenkoalhke gbputuske

(^lekroj, 16604;.>). Le`jroksl yken ilgktkgke kgurkt kpkalhk le`jroksl tbrsbaut abaks ikrl

gbskhkcke ike tlikg alks ktku tlikg obeybsktgke sbrtk ckrus dbhks obembrolegke okgsuieyk.

Gbtlikgkgurktke sbaukc le`jroksl ikpkt tbrdkil gkrbek suoabr le`jroksl obenkhkol

nkennuke ktku gbsbenkdkke sbclennk obruskg ktku obenuakc iktk kshl tbrsbaut.

Retug obhlckt kspbg gukhltks yken ilckslhgke jhbc pbruskckke okeu`kgtur, glebrdk

pbruskckke, ike hkpjrke gbukenke ikpkt ilugur obhkhul skhkc sktu obilk pbenugurke ykltu

rkslj gbukenke. Qkslj gbukenke kikhkc suktu khkt kekhlsls uetug obelhkl glebrdk suktu

pbruskckke abrikskrgke pbrakeilenke iktk gbukenke yken tbrikpkt pkik pjs gbukenke,

sbpbrtl hkpjrke runl/hkak, ebrkmk, ike khlrke gks. Obeurut Ckek`l ike Ckhlo (166>4>0)

obeyktkgke akcwk rkslj gbukenke pkik ikskreyk ilaknl ikhko hlok okmko gktbnjrl, ykltu

rkslj hlguliltks, rkslj kgtlvltks, rkslj sjhvkalhltks, rkslj prj`ltkalhltks, ike rkslj pkskr. Qkslj


3/21

=

hlguliltks kikhkc rkslj yken obenugur gbokopuke pbruskckke obobeucl gbwkdlake dkengk

pbeibgeyk, sbclennk rkslj lel ikhko pbebhltlke lel ilwkglhl jhbc rkslj hkemkr (murrbet rktlj).

Qkslj kgtlvltks kikhkc rkslj yken obenugur sbdkuc okek b`bgtl`ltks pbennuekke ksbt ibenke

obhlckt tlengkt kgtlvltks ksbt, rkslj lel ikhko pbebhltlke lel ilwkglhl jhbc rkslj pbrputkrke

tjtkh ksbt (tjtkh kssbts turejvbr rktlj). ]bhkle ikrl gbhlok dbels rkslj, tbrikpkt rkslj yken

tbrgklt ikhko pbebhltlke lel kikhkc rkslj pbrtuoaucke (nrjwtc rktlj). Qkslj pbrtuoaucke

(nrjwtc rktlj) kikhkc rkslj yken obenugur sbdkuc okek pbrgboakenke pbruskckke ibenke

oboakeilengke pbrljib gb-t ibenke pbrljib sbabhuoeyk. Qkslj lel ikhko pbebhltlke lel

ilwkglhl jhbc rkslj pbrtuoaucke hkak (bkrelen k`tbr tkx nrjwtc rktlj).

Qkslj hkemkr (murrbet rktlj) yken sbhkeduteyk ilslengkt obedkil MQ, ykltu rkslj yken

obenugur gbokopuke pbruskckke uetug obobeucl gbwkdlake dkengk pbeibgeyk ibenke

obennuekgke ksbt hkemkreyk ilaknl ibenke gbwkdlake hkemkr. ]bokgle tlennl rkslj lel

sbokgle aklg, tbtkpl MQ yken rbeikc obeueduggke rlslgj hlguliltks yken tlennl. ]bikengke

MQ yken tlennl obeueduggke kikeyk gbhbalcke ksbt hkemkr, yken kgke obopueykl pbenkruc

yken tlikg aklg tbrckikp prj`ltkalhltks pbruskckke. Ckh ilsbakagke gkrbek ksbt hkemkr sbmkrk

uouo obenckslhgke rbtureyken hbalc rbeikc ilakeilengke ksbt tbtkp.

Ibenke kikeyk kekhlsls rkslj hkemkr lel ikpkt oboabrlgke pbhuken gbpkik levbstjr

ikhko pbenkoalhke gbputuske. Khkske pbolhlcke murrbet rktlj ilgkrbekgke rkslj lel

obembrolegke hlguliltks pbruskckke ikhko oboabrlgke ckslh gbpkik levbstjr uetug

obenkoalh gbputuske.

Vbrputkrke tjtkh ksbt (tjtkh kssbts turejvbr rktlj) yken sbhkeduteyk ilslengkt obedkil

YKY, ykltu rkslj yken obenugur sbdkuc okek gbokopuke pbruskckke obenckslhgke

pbedukhke abrikskrgke tjtkh ksbt yken ilolhlgl pbruskckke. ]bokgle abskt YKY obeueduggke

sbokgle b`bgtl` pbruskckke ikhko obenbhjhk ksbteyk uetug obeuedken gbnlktke pbedukhke.

YKY yken tlennl obeueduggke okekdbobe yken aklg, ike sbakhlgeyk YKY yken rbeikc

obeueduggke okekdbobe yken gurken ikhko obenbvkhuksl strktbnl, pbokskrkeeyk, ike

pbenbhukrke ojikh. Ckh lel obeueduggke akcwk glebrdk pbruskckke yken sbokgle aklg

sbclennk ikpkt obelengktgke hkak pbruskckke ike sbakhlgeyk glebrdk pbruskckke yken

sbokgle tlikg aklg sbclennk tlikg ikpkt obelengktgke hkak pbruskckke sbmkrk prjpjsljekh.

Khkske ikhko pbolhlcke tjtkh kssbts turejvbr ilgkrbekgke pbrputkrke tjtkh ksbt

obembrolegke kgtlvltks pbruskckke. Ibenke obhlckt kgtlvltks pbruskckke lel ikpkt

oboabrlgke b`bgtlvltks gbpkik okekdbobe pbruskckke ikhko pbenkoalhke gbputuske.

Qkslj pbrtuoaucke hkak (bkrelen k`tbr tkx nrjwtc rktlj) kikhkc rkslj yken obenugur

pbrgboakenke hkak pbruskckke ibenke oboakeilengke pbrljib lel ibenke pbrljib


4/21

9

sbabhuoeyk, ilokek pbrtuoaucke yken aklg obeueduggke akcwk pbruskckke obolhlgl

gbukenke yken aklg sbclennk kgke obelengktgke elhkl pbruskckke gkrbek abskreyk ilvlibe

yken kgke ilakykr il oksk yken kgke iktken skenkt abrnketuen pkik gjeilsl pbruskckke.

Vbrtuoaucke hkak pkik pbruskckke ikpkt obopbrgukt cuauenke ketkrk abskreyk ktku ugurke

pbruskckke ibenke tlengkt hkak yken ilpbrjhbc, ilokek pbrtuoaucke hkak pkik pbruskckke

kgke obolhlgl duohkc ksbt yken abskr sbclennk oboabrlgke pbhuken yken hbalc abskr

ilikhko obenckslhgke prj`ltkalhltkseyk.

Ibenke ildkilgkeeyk rkslj gbukenke sbaknkl prbilgtjr pbrtuoaucke hkak il oksk yken

kgke iktken, okgk tbouke lel obrupkgke pbenbtkcuke yken mugup abrnuek aknl pkrk

pbokgkl hkpjrke gbukenke yken sbmkrk rllh sbrtk pjtbeslkh abrgbpbetlenke ibenke suktu

pbruskckke.

Abrikskrgke hktkr abhkgken tbrsbaut pbeuhls tbrtkrlg uetug obhkgugke pbebhltlke ibenke

duiuh KEKHL]L] MRQQBEY QKYLJ IKE YJYKH K]]BY] YRQEJPBQ QKYLJ

YBQCKIKV VBQYROARCKE HKAK VKIK VBQR]KCKKE OKER@KGYRQ

\KEN YBQIK@YKQ IL LIS YKCRE 16;;-16;=.

Knkr pbebhltlke lel abrdkhke ibenke hkemkr, okgk pbeuhls oboaktksl pbruskckke yken

iltbhltl ykltu pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike oleuoke yken tbrik`tkr

il LIS tkcue 16;;-16;=.

Kikpue pbruouske okskhkc yken ilakcks kikhkc (;) Kpkgkc murrbet rktljabrpbenkruc

tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak pkik pbruskckke okeu`kgtur yken tbrik`tkr il LIS: (1) Kpkgkc

tjtkh kssbts turejvbr rktlj abrpbenkruc tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak pkik pbruskckke

okeu`kgtur yken tbrik`tkr il LIS: (=) ]babrkpk abskr murrbet rktljike tjtkh kssbts turejvbr

rktljabrpbenkruc tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak pkik pbruskckke okeu`kgtur yken tbrik`tkr il

LIS:

Vbebhltlke lel abrtuduke uetug obenbtkcul murrbet rktlj abrpbenkruc tbrckikp

pbrtuoaucke hkak, tjtkh kssbts turejvbr rktljabrpbenkruc tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak, ike

uetug obenbtkcul sbabrkpk abskr murrbet rktljike tjtkh kssbts turejvbr rktljabrpbenkruc

tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak pkik pbruskckke okeu`kgtur yken tbrik`tkr il LIS.

Vbebhltlke lel abroke`kkt uetug oboabrlgke rb`brbesl aknl pkrk pbebhltl sbhkeduteyk

uetug obebhltl glebrdk gbukenke yken ilugur ibenke murrbet rktlj, tjtkh kssbts turejvbr rktlj,

ike pbrtuoaucke hkak sbrtk oboabrlgke le`jroksl yken abrckslh ilguopuhgke ikhko

pbebhltlke lel gbpkik levbstjr nuek sbaknkl akcke pbrtloakenke ikhko obhkgugke gbputuske

levbstksl.


5/21

2

YLEDKRKE VR]YKGK IKE VBENBOAKENKE CLVJYB]L]

Obeurut Ckrkckp (16694=;6), prj`lt nrjwtc kikhkc rkslj yken obeueduggke

gbokopuke pbruskckke obelengktgke hkak abrslc tkcue lel ilakeilen ibenke tkcue hkhu.

Leilgktjr pbrtuoaucke hkak yken ilnuekgke ikhko pbebhltlke lel kikhkc hkak sbabhuo pkdkg

(bkrelen ab`jrb tkx). Vbennuekke hkak sbabhuo pkdkg sbaknkl leilgktjr pbrtuoaucke hkak

ilgkrbekgke uetug obencleikrl pbenkruc pbennuekke tkrl` pkdkg yken abrabik ketkr pbrljib

yken ilkekhlsls.

Obeurut Ckrkckp (16694=6;), murrbet rktlj obeueduggke sbdkuc okek kgtlvk hkemkr

obeutupl gbwkdlake-gbwkdlake hkemkr. ]bokgle abskr pbrakeilenke kgtlvk hkemkr ibenke

utken hkemkr sbokgle tlennl gbokopuke pbruskckke obeutupl gbwkdlake dkengk pbeibgeyk.

Obeurut Gksolr (16;14;=9), murrbet rktlj obrupkgke rkslj uetug obenugur gbokopuke

pbruskckke ikhko oboakykr gbwkdlake dkengk pbeibg ktku utken yken sbnbrk dktuc tbopj

pkik skkt iltknlc sbmkrk gbsbhurucke ibenke gktk hkle, sbabrkpk akeykg kgtlvk hkemkr yken

tbrsbilk uetug obeutupl gbwkdlake dkengk pbeibg yken sbnbrk dktuc tbopj.

Obeurut Ckrkckp (16694=6


6/21

0

C=4 Murrbet rktlj ike tjtkh kssbts turejvbr abrskok-skok abrpbenkruc tbrckikp

pbrtuoaucke hkak, ilokek pbenkruc murrbet rktljhbalc ijoleke.

Gbrkengk abrplglr obrupkgke sletbsk tbetken cuauenke ketkr vkrlkabh yken ilsusue

ikrl abraknkl tbjrl yken tbhkc ilibsgrlpslgke (]unlyjej, 166


7/21

>

Ib`lelsl jpbrksljekh kikhkc ib`lelsl yken obedkilgke vkrlkabh-vkrlkabh yken sbiken

iltbhltl obedkil abrsl`kt jpbrksljekh ikhko gkltkeeyk ibenke prjsbs pbenugurke vkrlkabh-

vkrlkabh tbrsbaut (]krwjej, 166041>). Vbebhltlke lel obennuekgke sktu vkrlkabh ibpbeibe

ike iuk vkrlkabh leibpbeibe.

Ykabh ;. Ib`lelsl Jpbrksljekh Pkrlkabh

PKQLKABHIB@LEL]L

PKQLKABH]GKHK VBENRGRQKE

;. Pkrlkabh

Ibpbeibe

(\)

Vbrtuoaucke

4Hkak

]bhlslc hkak

pbrljib sbgkrken

ibenke hkak

pbrljib

sbabhuoeyk

gbouilke ilaknl

ibenke hkak pkik

pbrljib

sbabhuoeyk

Qkslj BALY Ykcue lel BALY Ykcue Hkhu

BALY Ykcue Hkhu x;66%

1. Pkrlkabh

Abaks (S)

Murrbet Qktlj Qkslj ketkrk ksbt

hkemkr ibenke

hlkalhltks hkemkr

Qkslj Ksbt Hkemkr

Hlkalhltks Hkemkr

Yjtkh Kssbts

Yurejvbr

Vrjpjrsl ketkrk

pbedukhke abrslc

ibenke sbhuruc

gbgkykke yken

ilolhlgl

pbruskckke

Qkslj Vbedukhke Abrslc

Yjtkh Ksbt

]uoabr4 ilgboakengke uetug pbebhltlke


8/21

3

Vjpuhksl ike ]kopbh

Vjpuhksl

Vjpuhksl kikhkc wlhkykc nbebrkhlsksl yken tbrilrl ktks suadbg ktku jadbg yken

obopueykl gukhltks ike gkrkgtbrlstlg tbrtbetu yken iltbtkpgke jhbc pbebhltl uetug ilpbhkdkrl

sbrtk iltkrlg gbslopuhkeeyk. Vjpuhksl ikhko pbebhltlke lel kikhkc pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua

sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike oleuoke yken tbrik`tkr il LIS pbrljib 16;;-16;= yken

abrduohkc 93 iktk ikrl ;0 pbruskckke.

]kopbh

Vbolhlcke skopbh ikhko pbebhltlke lel ilhkgugke ibenke obtjib purpjslvb skophlen.

Vurpjslvb skophlen kikhkc tbgelg pbebetuke skopbh ibenke pbrtloakenke tbrtbetu.

Vbrtloakenke-pbrtloakenke tbrsbaut kikhkc (;) Vbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl

okgkeke ike oleuoke yken tbrik`tkr il LIS ike gjeslstbe pkik pbrljib pbebhltlke (tkcue

16;; skopkl ibenke 16;=)7 (1) Vbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike

oleuoke yken obeybilkgke iktk hkpjrke gbukenke sbhkok gurue wkgtu pbebhltlke (tkcue

16;; skopkl ibenke 16;=)7 ike (=) Vbruskckke tlikg obenckslhgke hkak ebnktl` sbhkok

pbrljib 16;; skopkl ibenke 16;=.

Abrikskrgke grltbrlk tbrsbaut, skopbh yken ilnuekgke ikhko pbebhltlke lel kikhkc =0

iktk ikrl ;0 pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike oleuoke.

Dbels Iktk

Vbebhltlke lel obennuekgke iktk sbgueibr ykltu abrupk hkpjrke gbukenke tkcueke

pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike oleuoke yken tbrik`tkr il LIS

ibenke kgclr tkcue pboauguke pkik tkennkh =; Ibsboabr 16;;, 16;1, ike 16;=.

Ybgelg Vbenuopuhke Iktk

Iktk yken ilpbrjhbc ikhko pbebhltlke lel ibenke obennuekgke obtjib ijguobetksl

ykltu pbenuopuhke iktk ibenke mkrk obopbhkdkrl, obenghksl`lgkslgke, ike obenkekhlsls iktk

sbgueibr yken abrupk hkpjrke gbukenke ike le`jroksl hkleeyk yken tbrgklt ikhko hlengup

pbebhltlke lel yken tbhkc ilpuahlgkslgke il LIS.

CK]LH IKE VBOAKCK]KE

Kekhlsls Ibsgrlptl`


9/21

3 .2>;60

Pkhli E (hlstwlsb) =0

]uoabr4 Ckslh Vbenjhkcke ]V]] ;>.6

Ikrl tkabh 1 il ktks ilgbtkcul akcwk duohkc iktk yken ilnuekgke ikhko pbebhltlke lel

sbakeykg =0 iktk. ]bhkle ltu ilgbtkcul akcwk rktk-rktk pbrtuoaucke hkak sbabskr 6,=1>3

ibenke stkeikr ibvlksl sbabskr 6,2>;60, elhkl olelouo -6,=0 ike elhkl okgslouo 1,1=.

Murrbet Qktlj (MQ) obolhlgl rktk-rktk sbabskr 1,6960 ibenke stkeikr ibvlksl sbabskr

;,;==6>, elhkl olelouo 6,90, elhkl olelouo

6,9< ike elhkl okgslouo 1,


10/21

;6

Nkoakr 1.Ejrokh Vrjakalhlty Vhjts


Abrikskrgke ckslh pbenjhkcke ]V]] yken iltueduggke jhbc nkoakr 1 pkik ojibh

tbrsbaut obeueduggke akcwk iktk pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike

oleuoke tkcue 16;;-16;= pkik ojibh rbnrbsl hlebkr abrnkeik abrilstrlausl ejrokh. Ckh

tbrsbaut tbrdkil gkrbek iktk ilsbgltkr nkrls ilknjekh obeybakr ike obenlgutl krkc nkrls

ilknjekh. ]bhkle udl ejrokhltks ibenke obennuekgke nrk`lg clstjnrko ike ejrokh

prjakalhlty phjtsikpkt ilnuekgke udl ejepkrkobtrlg Gjhojnjrjv-]olrejv sktu skopbh (G-

]). Rdl ejepkrkobtrlg lel ilhkgugke uetug obopbrgukt udl ejrokhltks yken sbmkrk vlsukh

gbhlcktke ejrokh pkik nrk`lg clstjnrko ike ejrokh prjakalhlty phjts. Rdl Gjhojnjrjv-

]olrejv abrtuduke uetug obenudl kpkgkc vkrlkabh ibpbeibe ike vkrlkabh leibpbeibe ikpkt

tbrilstrlausl ejrokh. Ckslh pbebhltlke Gjhojnjrjv-]olrejv Ybst ikpkt ilhlckt pkik tkabh =.


11/21

;;

Ykabh =. Gjhojnjrjv-]olrejv Ybst

Jeb-]kophb Gjhojnjrjv-]olrejv Ybst

Nrjwtc MQ YKY

E =0 =0 =0

Ejrokh Vkrkobtbrsk,,a Obke .=1>3 1.6960 ;.1=2=

]ti. Ibvlktlje .2>;60 ;.;==6> .93>90

Ojst Bxtrbob Il``brbembs Kasjhutb .1;2 .1;< .111

Vjsltlvb .1;2 .1;< .111

Ebnktlvb -.;1= -.;03 -.;;=

Gjhojnjrjv-]olrejv T ;.13< ;.=;= ;.==6

Ksyop. ]ln. (1-tklhbi) .6>1 .60= .623

k. Ybst ilstrlautlje ls Ejrokh.

a. Mkhmuhktbi `rjo iktk.


Abrikskrgke ckslh Gjhojnjrjv-]olrejv yken ilskdlgke ikhko tkabh = ikpkt

ilslopuhgke akcwk iktk pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike oleuoke

tkcue 16;;-16;= pkik ojibh tbrsbaut abrilstrlausl ejrokh. Ckh tbrsbaut ikpkt ilaugtlgke

akcwk elhkl Ksyop. ]lnel`lgkesl pbrtuoaucke hkak sbabskr 6,6>1 hbalc abskr ikrl tlengkt

slnel`lgkesl 6,627 elhkl Ksyop. ]lnel`lgkesl murrbet rktlj sbabskr 6,60= hbalc abskr ikrl

tlengkt slnel`lgkesl 6,627 ike elhkl Ksyop. ]lnel`lgkesl tjtkh kssbts turejvbr sbabskr 6,623

hbalc abskr ikrl tlengkt slnel`lgkesl 6,62, sbclennk iktk tbrsbaut (E?=0) obolhlgl ilstrlausl

ejrokh.

Rdl Kutjgjrbhksl

Rdl kutjgjrbhksl abrtuduke uetug obenudl kpkgkc ikhko suktu ojibh rbnrbsl hlebkr

abrnkeik tbrikpkt gjrbhksl ketkrk gbskhkcke pkik pbrljib t ibenke gbskhkcke pkik pbrljibt-;.

Ckslh pbebhltlke udl Iurale-^ktsje ikpkt ilhlckt pkik tkabh 9.

Ykabh 9. Iurale-^ktsje

Ojibh

Iurale-

^ktsje iH iR 9-iR 9-iH

; 1.036 ;.=29 ;.23> 1.9;= 1.090

k. Vrbilmtjrs4 (Mjestket), HknZNrjwtc, MQ, YKY

a. Ibpbeibet Pkrlkahb4 Nrjwtc



12/21

;1

Abrikskrgke ckslh Iurale-^ktsje yken ilskdlgke ikhko tkabh 9 ikpkt ilslopuhgke

akcwk iktk pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike oleuoke tkcue 16;;-

16;= pkik ojibh rbnrbsl hlebkr abrnkeik tbrikpkt kutjgjrbhksl. Ckh tbrsbaut ikpkt ilaugtlgke

akcwk elhkl I^ 1,036 5 9-iH 1,090 sbclennk elhkl I^ 1,036 tbrikpkt kutjgjrbhksl ebnktl`.

Retug obopbrgukt ckslh tbrsbaut ilnuekgke udl Que, il okek nkennuke kutjgjrbhksl tbrdkil

dlgk slnel`lgkesl il akwkc 6,62. Ckslh pbebhltlke udl rue tbstikpkt ilhlckt pkik tkabh 2.

Ykabh 2. RdlQue Ybst

Ques Ybst

Restkeikrilzbi

Qbsliukh

Ybst Pkhubk -.;==9=

Mksbs 8 Ybst Pkhub ;3

Mksbs 5? Ybst Pkhub ;3

Yjtkh Mksbs =0

Euoabr j` Ques ;>

T -.26>

Ksyop. ]ln. (1-tklhbi) .0;1

k. Obilke


Abrikskrgke ckslh udl rue tbstyken ilskdlgke ikhko tkabh 2 ikpkt ilslopuhgke akcwk

iktk pkik udl ejepkrbobtrlg tbrsbaut tlikg tbrdkil kutjgjrbhksl aklg kutjgjrbhksl pjsltl`

okupue kutjgjrbhksl ebnktl`. Ckh tbrsbaut ilaugtlgke ibenke obhlckt elhkl Ksyop. ]ln. (1-

tklhbi) sbabskr 6,0;1, elhkl tbrsbaut hbalc abskr ikrl elhkl slnel`lgkesl sbabskr 6,62 sbclennk

ilslopuhgke akcwk iktk pkik pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr okgkeke ike oleuoke pkik

ojibh rbnrbsl tbrsbaut tlikg tbrdkil kutjgjrbhksl sbmkrk kmkg.

Rdl Ouhtlgjhlebkrltks

Rdl ouhtlgjhlebkrltks abrtuduke uetug obenudl kpkgkc ikhko suktu ojibh rbnrbsl hlebkr

abrnkeik tbrdkil gjrbhksl yken tlennl ketkrk-ketkrk vkrlkabh-vkrlkabh leibpbeibe. Ckslh

pbebhltlke udl ouhtlgjhlebkrltks ikpkt ilhlckt pkik tkabh 0.


13/21

;=

Ykabh 0. Rdl Ouhtlgjhlebkrltks

Ojibh

Mjhhlebkrlty ]tktlstlms

Yjhbrkemb PL@

; (Mjestket)

MQ . ;.6=9

YKY . ;.6=9

k. Ibpbeibet Pkrlkahb4 Nrjwtc


Abrikskrgke ckslh mjhhlebkrlty stktlstlmsyken ilskdlgke ikhko tkabh 0 ikpkt ilslopuhgke

akcwk iktk pkik ojibh tbrsbaut tlikg tbrdkil ouhtlgjhlebkrltks. Ckh lel ilgkrbekgke elhkl

tjhbrkemb ikrl gbiuk vkrlkabh leibpbeibe abrkik il ktks 6,;6 ike elhkl Pkrlkemb Le`hktlje

@kmtjr(PL@) krl gbiuk vkrlkabh leibpbeibe abrkik il akwkc elhkl ;6, sbclennk ilslopuhgke

akcwk iktk pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike oleuoke tkcue 16;;-

16;= pkik ojibh rbnrbsl hlebkr abrnkeik tlikg tbrdkil ouhtlgjhlebkrltks.

Rdl Cbtbrjsgbikstlsltks

Rdl cbtbrjsgbikstlsltks abrtuduke uetug obenudl kpkgkc ikhko suktu ojibh rbnrbsl

hlebkr abrnkeik tbrikpkt gbtlikgskokke vkrlkes ketkrk pbenkoktke yken sktu ibenke

pbenkoktke yken hkleeyk. Ckslh pbebhltlke udl cbtbrjsgbikstlsltks ikpkt ilhlckt pkik nkoakr=.


Nkoakr =. ]mkttbrphjt


14/21

;9

Abrikskrgke ckslh pbenjhkcke ]V]] yken iltueduggke jhbc nkoakr = ikpkt

ilslopuhgke akcwk iktk pbruskckke okeu`kgtur sua sbgtjr leiustrl okgkeke ike oleuoke

tkcue 16;;-16;= pkik ojibh rbnrbsl hlebkr abrnkeik tlikg tbrdkil cbtbrjsgbikstlsltks. Ckh lel

ilgkrbekgke iktk pkik ojibh tbrsbaut tlikg obolhlgl gbskokke vkrlkes ketkrk TVQBI

ibenke ]QB]LI yken krtleyk iktk-iktk yken ilnuekgke ikhko ojibh rbnrbsl hlebkr abrnkeik

obeybakr sbmkrk kmkg aklg gb krkc ktks okupue krkc akwkc ike tlikg abrkik il sktu tbopkt

ikrl suoau \ sbrtk tlikg oboabetug pjhk tbrtbetu pkik nkoakr il ktks.

Kekhlsls Qbnrbsl Hlebkr Abrnkeik

Kekhlsls rbnrbsl hlebkr abrnkeik kikhkc suktu khkt kekhlsls pbrkokhke elhkl pbenkruc iuk

vkrlkabh abaks ktku hbalc (leibpbeibe) tbrckikp vkrlkabh tbrlgkt (ibpbeibe). Pkrlkabh

leibpbeibe ikhko pbebhltlke lel kikhkc murrbet rktlj ike tjtkh kssbts turejvbr sbrtk vkrlkabh

ibpbeibe kikhkc pbrtuoaucke hkak. Ckslh pbebhltlke rbnrbsl hlebkr abrnkeik ikpkt

iltueduggke pkik tkabh >.

Ykabh >. Gjb`lslbe Qbnrbsl

Mjb``lmlbetsk

Ojibh

Restkeikrilzbi Mjb``lmlbets

]tkeikrilzbi

Mjb``lmlbets

A ]ti. Brrjr Abtk

; (Mjestket) .909 .=2=

MQ -.610 .63< -.621

YKY -.60> .16> -.62>

k. Ibpbeibet Pkrlkahb4 Nrjwtc


Abrikskrgke ckslh udl rbnrbsl hlebkr abrnkeik yken ilskdlgke ikhko tkabh > ikpkt

ilpbrjhbc pbrskokke rbnrbsl hlebkr abrnkeik. Vbrskokke rbnrbsl tbrsbaut kikhkc sbaknklabrlgut4

? + + Quous 9.;

? 6,909 6,610 6,60>

Gbtbrkenke4

? Gjestketk (mjestket)

;? Gjb`lslbe rbnrbsl ikrl S;

1? Gjb`lslbe rbnrbsl ikrl S1S;? Murrbet Qktlj (MQ)


15/21

;2

S1? Yjtkh Kssbts Yurejvbr(YKY)

Ikrl pbrskokke rbnrbsl il ktks, okgk ilslopuhgke abrlgut lel4

;. Gjestketk () obolhlgl elhkl sbabskr 6,909 obeueduggke akcwk dlgk vkrlkabh murrbet

rktlj (MQ) ike tjtkh kssbts turejvbr (YKY) abrelhkl gjestke ktku ejh, okgk vkrlkabh

pbrtuoaucke hkak abrelhkl pjsltl`, ykltu sbabskr 6,909.

1. Gjb`lslbe rbnrbsl murrbet rktlj abrelhkl ebnktl` (S;) ykltu -6,610. Gkrbek vkrlkabh

murrbet rktlj abrelhkl ebnktl` okgk vkrlkabh murrbet rktlj tlikg ikpkt

illetbrprbtkslgke. Ckh lel ilsbakagke gkrbek vkrlkabh leibpbeibe MQ sbmkrk slouhtke

tlikg obolhlgl pbenkruc tbrckikp vkrlkabh pbrtuoaucke hkak.

=. Gjb`lslbe rbnrbsl tjtkh kssbts turejvbr abrelhkl ebnktl` (S1) ykltu -6,60>. Gkrbek

vkrlkabh tjtkh kssbts turejvbrabrelhkl ebnktl` okgk vkrlkabh tjtkh kssbts turejvbrtlikg

ikpkt illetbrprbtkslgke. Ckh lel ilsbakagke gkrbek vkrlkabh leibpbeibe YKY sbmkrk

slouhtke tlikg obolhlgl pbenkruc tbrckikp vkrlkabh pbrtuoaucke hkak.

Vbenudlke Clpjtbsls

Rdl Gjb`lslbe Ibtbroleksl

Gjb`lslbe ibtbroleksl (Q1) ilnuekgke uetug obenudl sbabrkpk abskr pbrkeke vkrlkabh

leibpbeibe sbmkrk slouhtke obopbenkrucl pbruakcke yken tbrdkil pkik vkrlkabh leibpbeibe.

Ckslh pbebhltlke udl stktlstlg Q1yken iltueduggke pkik tkabh 3.

Ykabh 3. Ojibh ]uookry

Ojibh ]uookrya

Ojibh Q Q ]qukrb

Kidustbi Q

]qukrb

]ti. Brrjr j` tcb

Bstloktb Iurale-^ktsje

; .6>6k .662 -.622 .2300> 1.036

k. Vrbilmtjrs4 (Mjestket), YKY, MQ

a. Ibpbeibet Pkrlkahb4 Nrjwtc


Abrikskrgke ckslh ojibh suookry yken ilskdlgke ikhko tkabh 3 ikpkt ilhlckt elhkl

gjb`lslbe ibtbroleksl (Kidustbi Q ]qukrb) sbabskr 6,622 ktku 2,2% ikrl vkrlkabh ibpbeibe

ykltu pbrtuoaucke hkak ikpkt ildbhksgke ktku ilpbenkrucl jhbc vkrlkabh leibpbeibe (murrbet

rktljike tjtkh kssbts tuejvbr) ike slskeyk sbabskr


16/21

;0

Rdl @

Rdl stktlstlg @ ilnuekgke uetug obenudl slnel`lgkesl pbenkruc murrebt rktljike tjtkh

kssbts turejvbr tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak sbmkrk slouhtke. Ckslh pbebhltlke udl stktlstlg @

ikpkt ilhkgugke ibenke udl KEJPK yken iltueduggke pkik tkabh -.=1= .>9.6


17/21

;>

Abrikskrgke ckslh udl t yken ilskdlgke pkik tkabh ;6 ikpkt ilgbtkcul akcwk murrbet rktlj

obolhlgl elhkl tcltuensbabskr -6,1>6 okgk elhkl

tcltuenhbalc gbmlh ikrl ttkabh. Elhkl tkrk` slnel`lgke lel hbalc abskr ikrl tlengkt slnel`lgkesl ykgel

sbabskr 6,62 sbclennk Cj iltbrlok ike Ck iltjhkg, yken abrkrtl vkrlkabh murrbet rktljsbmkrk

pkrslkh tlikg obolhlgl pbenkruc slnel`lgke ike ebnktl` tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak. Vbenkruc

vkrlkabh murrbet rktlj kikhkc ebnktl`, ilokek vkrlkabh murrbet rktlj yken tlennl mbeibruen

obeklggke pbrtuoaucke hkak pbruskckke ike sbakhlgeyk murrbet rktlj yken rbeikc

mbeibruen obeuruegke pbrtuoaucke hkak pbruskckke.

Elhkl tcltuenuetug vkrlkabh tjtkh kssbts turejvbrkikhkc sbabskr -6,=1= ike ttkabh sbabskr

1,6=921 ( sbabskr 6,626 ike ibnrbb j` `rbbijosbabskr e-g?=0-=? ==) ibenke tlengkt tkrk`

slnel`lgke sbabskr 6,>9< okgk elhkl tcltuenhbalc gbmlh ikrl ttkabh. Elhkl tkrk` slnel`lgke lel hbalc

abskr ikrl tlengkt slnel`lgkesl ykgel sbabskr 6,62 sbclennk Cj iltbrlok ike Ck iltjhkg, yken

abrkrtl vkrlkabh tjtkh kssbts turejvbr sbmkrk pkrslkh tlikg obolhlgl pbenkruc slnel`lgke ike

ebnktl` tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak. Vbenkruc vkrlkabh tjtkh kssbts turejvbr kikhkc ebnktl`,

ilokek vkrlkabh tjtkh kssbts turejvbryken tlennl mbeibruen hbalc b`bgtl` ikhko pbennuekke

tjtkh ksbt abrikskrgke pbedukhke ike sbakhlgeyk tjtkh kssbts turejvbr yken rbeikc

obeueduggke akcwk gurken b`bgtl` ikhko pbennuekke tjtkh ksbt abrikskrgke pbedukhke.

Vbedukhke yken tlennl obeueduggke tbrikpkt pbenkruc tbrckikp pbeikpktke. Vbeikpktke

yken tlennl mbeibruen obeklggke hkak pbruskckke ike sbakhlgeyk pbeikpktke yken rbeikc

mbeibruen obeuruegke hkak pbruskckke.

Vboakckske Ckslh Vbebhltlke

Vbenkruc Murrbet Qktlj Ybrckikp Vbrtuoaucke Hkak

Clpjtbsls pbrtkok yken ilkdugke pkik pbebhltlke lel kikhkc tbrikpkt pbenkruc murrbet

rktlj tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak. Murrbet rktlj obrupkgke rkslj yekn obenugur ksbt hkemkr

yken ilolhlgl pbruskckke ikhko obobeucl hlkalhltks dkengk pbeibgeyk. Ikrl ckslh pbebhltlke

lel ilpbrjhbc elhkl gjb`lslbe rbnrbsl uetug vkrlkabh murrbet rktlj sbabskr -6,610, elhkl tcltuen

sbabskr -6,1>6, ilokek elhkl

slnel`lgke lel hbalc abskr ikrl tlengkt slnel`lgkesl ykgel sbabskr 6,62. Ibenke ibolglke

clpjtbsls pbrtkok yken obeyktkgke akcwk tbrikpkt pbenkruc murrbet rktlj tbrckikp

pbrtuoaucke hkak tlikg ikpkt iltbrlok, yken abrkrtl vkrlkabh murrbet rktlj tlikg obolhlgl

pbenkruc slnel`lgke tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak.


18/21

;3

Abrikskrgke augtl boplrls yken kik ike ckslh pbebhltlke yken ilpbrjhbc,

obenleilgkslgke akcwk vkrlkabh murrbet rktlj tlikg obolhlgl pbenkruc yken slnel`lgke

tbrckikp pbrtuoaucke hkak. Ckslh pbebhltlke lel skok ibenke ckslh pbebhltlke yken ilhkgugke

jhbc ]krl ike ]uhlstykwktl (166, elhkl tcltuen sbabskr -6,=1= ike ttkabh sbabskr 1,6=921 ibenke elhkl slnel`lgke sbabskr

6,>9


19/21

;.

Ckek`l, Okoiuc O., ike Kaiuh Ckhlo. Kekhlsls Hkpjrke Gbukenke. Bilsl Gbtlnk.

\jnykgkrtk4 ]YLB \GVE. 166>.

Ckrkckp, ]j`yke ]yk`rl. Kekhlsls Grltls Ktks Hkpjrke Gbukenke. Dkgkrtk4 Qkdk Nrk`leij

Vbrskik. 1669.

Cbry.Kekhlsls Hkpjrke Gbukenke. Dkgkrtk4 Auol Kgskrk. 16;1.

Duolenke.Kekhlsls Hkpjrke Gbukenke. Dkgkrtk4 VY. Auol Kgskrk. 1660.

Gksolr.Kekhlsls Hkpjrke Gbukenke. Dkgkrtk4 Qkdkwkhl Vrbss. 16;;.

Vrlckil, Yjtj.Ibtbgsl Mbpkt Gbukenke4 > Kekhlsls Qkslj Gbukenke. Dkgkrtk4 Vpo. 1663.

Qkckrdkputrk, Cbeirk ].Augu Vkeiuke Vrkgtls7 Okekdbobe Gbukenke ike Kguetkesl, Retug

Bgsbgutl` Vbruskckke. Dkgkrtk4 ]khboak Bopkt. 166.6 Ike Kphlgksl ]tktlstlg Vbebhltlke.

Akeiuen4 Kh`kabtk. 16;;.

]khslykc, ]rl Okrckbel. Kekhlsls Vbenkruc ^jrglen Mkpltkh tj Yjtkh Kssbts Qktlj, Yjtkh

Ibat tj Yjtkh Mkpltkh Kssbts, Yjtkh Kssbts Yurejvbr, Nrjss Vrj`lt Okrnle ike Ebt Vrj`lt

Okrnle Ybrckikp Vbruakcke Hkak (]tuil Gksus Vkik Vbruskckke Okeu`kgtur yken

Ybrik`tkr il ABL Vbrljib 1662-166). ]jhusl, 3(=). 166


21/21

1;

]uarkokeyko, G. Q. & Dcje D., ^lhi. Kekhlsls Hkpjrke Gbukenke (@lekemlkh ]tktbobet

Kekhysls). Augu 1. Dkgkrtk4 ]khboak Bopkt. 16;6.

]unlykrsj, Nbrvkslus. Kguetkesl Gjpbrksl4 ]lsltbo, Obtjib, ike Kekhlsls Hkpjrke

Gbukenke. \jnykgkrtk4 Mkps. 16;;.

]unlyjej.Obtjib Vbebhltlke Alsels. Akeiuen4 Kh`kabtk. 1663.

]unlyjej.Obtjib Vbebhltlke Guketltktl` Gukhltktl` Ike Q&I. Akeiuen4 Kh`kabtk. 16;1.

]ueyjtj, Ikeken.Kekhlsls Qbnrbsl ike Rdl Clpjtbsls. \jnykgkrtk4 Mkps. 16;;.

]ykosuile ike Mbgy Vrlokyutk. Qkslj Gbukenke ike Vrbilgsl Vbruakcke Hkak Vbruskckke

Okeu`kgtur yken Ybrik`tkr il Aursk B`bg Leijebslk. Abeb`lt Durekh Okekdbobe ike

Alsels, ;=(;)4 0;-0

jurnal penelitian/research journal

Documents