justinus. apologia ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · justinus. apologia i ......

30
728 28 $*,28 $*,28 ,2867,128 ,2867,128 $32/2*,$ 83(5 &5,67,$1 $1:1 3526 $1 $17:1,121 721 (86(% 6(%+ HGE\5XVODQ.KD]DU]DU KWWSEDUQDVFKDQDURGUX KWWSNKD]DU]DUVNHSWLNQHW

Upload: others

Post on 02-Oct-2020

9 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

772828 $*,28$*,28 ,2867,128,2867,128$$3322//22**,,$$ 8833((55 &&55,,6677,,$1$1::1133552266 $1$177::11,,112211 772211 ((886(%6(%++

HG��E\�5XVODQ�.KD]DU]DUKWWS���EDUQDVFKD�QDURG�UXKWWS���NKD]DU]DU�VNHSWLN�QHW

Page 2: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

,� $¹WRNU�WRUL 7fW- $eOf- $GULDQÙ $QWZQfQ- (¹VHEHl 6HEDVWÙ .DfVDUL� NDi2¹KULVVfP- XdÙ )LORV²I-� NDi /RXNf- )LORV²I-� .DfVDURM IºVHL XdÙ NDi(¹VHERÀM HeVSRLKWÙ� zUDVW­ SDLGHfDM� dHU� WH VXJNO�W- NDi G�P- SDQWi C5ZPDfZQ�¸S~U WÎQ zN SDQWµM J{QRXM �QTUÈSZQ �GfNZM PLVRXP{QZQ NDi zSKUHD]RP{QZQ�,RXVWlQRM 3UfVNRX WRÀ %DNFHfRX� WÎQ �Sµ )ODRXpDM 1{DM S²OHZM W¡M 6XUfDM3DODLVWfQKM� HmM D¹WÎQ� W�Q SURVIÈQKVLQ NDi }QWHX[LQ SHSRfKPDL�,,� 7R½M NDW� �O�THLDQ H¹VHEHlM NDi ILORV²IRXM P²QRQ W�OKT~M WLP�Q NDiVW{UJHLQ ° O²JRM ¸SDJRUHºHL� SDUDLWRXP{QRXM G²[DLM SDODLÎQ z[DNRORXTHlQ� �QIDÀODL ÐVLQ��R¹ J�U P²QRQ P� |SHVTDL WRlM �GfNZM WL SU�[DVLQ   GRJPDWfVDVLQ °VÈIUZQ O²JRM ¸SDJRUHºHL� �OO zN SDQWµM WU²SRX NDi SUµ W¡M yDXWRÀ \XF¡M WµQILODO�TK� N�Q T�QDWRM �SHLO¡WDL� W� GfNDLD O{JHLQ WH NDi SU�WWHLQ DdUHlVTDL GHl�� ¸PHlM P~Q RÂQ ³WL O{JHVTH H¹VHEHlM NDi ILO²VRIRL NDi IºODNHM GLNDLRVºQKM NDizUDVWDi SDLGHfDM� �NRºHWH SDQWDFRÀ� He G~ NDi ¸S�UFHWH� GHLFT�VHWDL� � R¹ J�UNRODNHºVRQWHM ¸P�M GL� WÎQGH WÎQ JUDPP�WZQ R¹G~ SUµM F�ULQ °PLO�VRQWHM� �OO�SDLW�VRQWHM NDW� WµQ �NULE¡ NDi z[HWDVWLNµQ O²JRQ W�Q NUfVLQ SRL�VDVTDLSURVHOKOºTHLPHQ� P� SURO�\HL PKG �QTUZSDUHVNHfY W­ GHLVLGDLP²QZQNDWHFRP{QRXM   �O²J- °UP­ NDi FURQfY SURNDWHVFKNXfY I�P9 NDN­ W�Q NDTyDXWÎQ \¡IRQ I{URQWDM� � �PHlM P~Q J�U SUµM R¹GHQµM SHfVHVTDf WL NDNµQ GºQDVTDLOHORJfVPHTD�  Q P� NDNfDM zUJ�WDL zOHJFÈPHTD   SRQKURi GLHJQÈVPHTD� ¸PHlM G�SRNWHlQDL P~Q GºQDVTH� EO�\DL G R¼�,,,� $OO gQD P� �ORJRQ IZQ�Q NDi WROPKU�Q G²[9 WLM WDÀWD HnQDL� �[LRÀPHQ W�NDWKJRURºPHQD D¹WÎQ z[HW�]HVTDL� NDi� z�Q R»WZM }FRQWD �SRGHLNQºZQWDL�NRO�]HVTDL ÆM SU{SRQ zVWf >P�OORQ G~ NRO�]HLQ@� He G~ PKG~Q }FRL WLM zO{JFHLQ� R¹F¸SDJRUHºHL ° �OKT�M O²JRM GL� I�PKQ SRQKU�Q �QDLWfRXM �QTUÈSRXM �GLNHlQ�P�OORQ G~ yDXWRºM� Rj R¹ NUfVHL �OO� S�THL W� SU�JPDWD zS�JHLQ �[LRÀWH� � NDO�QG~ NDi P²QKQ GLNDfDQ SU²NOKVLQ WDºWKQ S�M ° VZIURQÎQ �SRIDQHlWDL� Wµ WR½M�UFRP{QRXM W�Q H¹TºQKQ WRÀ yDXWÎQ EfRX NDi O²JRX �OKSWRQ SDU{FHLQ� °PRfZM G DÂNDi WR½M �UFRQWDM P� EfY PKG~ WXUDQQfGL �OO H¹VHEHfY NDi ILORVRIfY�NRORXTRÀQWDM W�Q \¡IRQ WfTHVTDL� R»WZM J�U �Q NDi Rd �UFRQWHM NDi Rd �UF²PHQRL�SRODºRLHQ WRÀ �JDTRÀ� � }IK J�U SRX NDf WLM WÎQ SDODLÎQ� w$Q P� Rd �UFRQWHMILORVRI�VZVL NDi Rd �UF²PHQRL� R¹N �Q HhK W�M S²OHLM H¹GDLPRQ¡VDL� � �P{WHURQRÂQ }UJRQ NDi EfRX NDi PDTKP�WZQ W�Q zSfVNH\LQ S�VL SDU{FHLQ� ³SZM ¸S~U WÎQ�JQRHlQ W� �P{WHUD QRPL]²QWZQ W�Q WLPZUfDQ� ÏQ �Q SOKPPHOÎVL WXIOÈWWRQWHMD¹WÎQ� D¹WRlM ±IO�VZPHQ� ¸P{WHURQ G~� ÆM DdUHl O²JRM� �NRºRQWDM �JDTR½MH¸UfVNHVTDL NULW�M� � �QDSRO²JKWRQ J�U ORLSµQ PDTRÀVLQ�  Q P� W� GfNDLDSRL�VKWH� ¸S�U[HL SUµM TH²Q�,9� 2Q²PDWRM P~Q RÂQ SURVZQXPfY R¼WH �JDTµQ R¼WH NDNµQ NUfQHWDL �QHX WÎQ¸SRSLSWRXVÎQ WÙ ±Q²PDWL SU�[HZQ��zSHf� ³VRQ WH zN WRÀ NDWKJRURXP{QRX �PÎQ±Q²PDWRM FUKVW²WDWRL ¸S�UFRPHQ� � �OO zSHi R¹ WRÀWR GfNDLRQ �JRºPHTD� GL� Wµ´QRPD z�Q NDNRi zOHJFÈPHTD� DeWHlQ �IfHVTDL� S�OLQ� He PKG~Q GL� WH W�QSURVKJRUfDQ WRÀ ±Q²PDWRM NDi GL� W�Q SROLWHfDQ H¸ULVN²PHTD �GLNRÀQWHM� ¸P{WHURQ

Page 3: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

�JZQL�VDf zVWL� P� �GfNZM NRO�]RQWHM WR½M P� zOHJFRP{QRXM W­ GfN9 N²ODVLQ±IO�VKWH� � z[ ±Q²PDWRM P~Q J�U   }SDLQRM   N²ODVLM R¹N �Q H¹O²JZM J{QRLWR�  QP� WL zQ�UHWRQ   IDÀORQ GL }UJZQ �SRGHfNQXVTDL GºQKWDL� � NDi J�U WR½MNDWKJRURXP{QRXM zI ¸PÎQ S�QWDM SUiQ zOHJFT¡QDL R¹ WLPZUHlWH�zI �PÎQ G~ Wµ´QRPD ÆM }OHJFRQ ODPE�QHWH� NDfSHU� ³VRQ JH zN WRÀ ±Q²PDWRM� WR½M NDWKJRURÀQWDMP�OORQ NRO�]HLQ ±IHfOHWH� � &ULVWLDQRi J�U HnQDL NDWKJRURºPHTD�Wµ G~ FUKVWµQPLVHlVTDL R¹ GfNDLRQ� � NDi S�OLQ� z�Q P{Q WLM WÎQ NDWKJRURXP{QZQ }[DUQRMJ{QKWDL W­ IZQ­ P� HnQDL I�VDM� �IfHWH D¹WµQ ÆM PKG~Q zO{JFHLQ }FRQWHM�PDUW�QRQWD� z�Q G{ WL °PRORJ�V9 HnQDL� GL� W�Q °PRORJfDQ NRO�]HWH� G{RQ NDi WµQWRÀ °PRORJRÀQWRM EfRQ H¹TºQHLQ NDi WµQ WRÀ �UQRXP{QRX� ³SZM GL� WÎQ SU�[HZQ°SRl²M zVWLQ |NDVWRM IDfQKWDL� � ¶Q J�U WU²SRQ SDUDODE²QWHM WLQ~M SDU� WRÀGLGDVN�ORX &ULVWRÀ P� �UQHlVTDL z[HWD]²PHQRL SDUDNHOHºRQWDL� WµQ D¹WµQ WU²SRQNDNÎM ]ÎQWHM hVZM �IRUP�M SDU{FRXVL WRlM �OOZM NDWDO{JHLQ WÎQ S�QWZQ&ULVWLDQÎQ �V{EHLDQ NDi �GLNfDQ DdURXP{QRLM� � R¹N ±UTÎM P~Q R¹G~ WRÀWRSU�WWHWDL��NDi J�U WRL ILORVRIfDM ´QRPD NDi VF¡PD zSLJU�IRQWDf WLQHM� Rj R¹G~Q�[LRQ W¡M ¸SRVF{VHZM SU�WWRXVL�JLQÈVNHWH G ³WL NDi Rd W� zQDQWfD GR[�VDQWHM NDiGRJPDWfVDQWHM WÎQ SDODLÎQ WÙ yQi ±Q²PDWL SURVDJRUHºRQWDL ILO²VRIRL� � NDiWRºWZQ WLQ~M �TH²WKWD zGfGD[DQ� NDi WµQ 'fD �VHOJ¡ �PD WRlM D¹WRÀ SDLViQ RdJHQ²PHQRL SRLKWDi NDWDJJ{OORXVL� N�NHfQZQ W� GLG�JPDWD Rd PHWHUF²PHQRL R¹NHhUJRQWDL SUµM ¸PÎQ� �TOD G~ NDi WLP�M WRlM H¹IÈQZM ¸EUf]RXVL WRºWRXM WfTHWH�9� 7f G� RÂQ WRÀW �Q HhK� zI �PÎQ� ¸SLVFQRXP{QZQ PKG~Q �GLNHlQ PKG~ W� �THDWDÀWD GR[�]HLQ� R¹ NUfVHLM z[HW�]HWH� �OO� �O²J- S�THL NDi P�VWLJL GDLP²QZQIDºOZQ z[HODXQ²PHQRL �NUfWZM NRO�]HWH P� IURQWf]RQWHM� � HeU�VHWDL J�UW�OKT{M�zSHi Wµ SDODLµQ GDfPRQHM IDÀORL� zSLIDQHfDM SRLKV�PHQRL� NDi JXQDlNDMzPRfFHXVDQ NDi SDlGDM GL{ITHLUDQ NDi I²EKWUD �QTUÈSRLM }GHL[DQ� ÆMNDWDSODJ¡QDL WR½M Rj O²J- W�M JLQRP{QDM SU�[HLM R¹N }NULQRQ� �OO� G{HLVXQKUSDVP{QRL NDi P� zSLVW�PHQRL GDfPRQDM HnQDL IDºORXM THR½M SURVZQ²PD]RQ�NDi ±Q²PDWL |NDVWRQ SURVKJ²UHXRQ� ³SHU |NDVWRM D¹WÙ WÎQ GDLP²QZQ zWfTHWR� � ³WHG~ 6ZNU�WKM O²J- �OKTHl NDi z[HWDVWLNÎM WDÀWD HeM IDQHUµQ zSHLU�WR I{UHLQ NDi�S�JHLQ WÎQ GDLP²QZQ WR½M �QTUÈSRXM� NDi D¹WRi Rd GDfPRQHM GL� WÎQ FDLU²QWZQ W­NDNfY �QTUÈSZQ zQ�UJKVDQ ÆM �THRQ NDi �VHE¡ �SRNWHlQDL� O{JRQWHM NDLQ�HeVI{UHLQ D¹WµQ GDLP²QLD� NDi °PRfZM zI �PÎQ Wµ D¹Wµ zQHUJRÀVLQ� � R¹ J�U P²QRQt(OOKVL GL� 6ZNU�WRXM ¸Sµ O²JRX �O{JFTK WDÀWD� �OO� NDi zQ EDUE�URLM ¸S D¹WRÀWRÀ O²JRX PRUIZT{QWRM NDi �QTUÈSRX JHQRP{QRX NDi ,KVRÀ &ULVWRÀ NOKT{QWRM� ÚSHLVT{QWHM �PHlM WR½M WDÀWD SU�[DQWDM GDfPRQDM R¹ P²QRQ P� ±UTR½M HnQDf IDPHQ��OO� NDNR½M NDi �QRVfRXM GDfPRQDM� Rj R¹G~ WRlM �UHW�Q SRTRÀVLQ �QTUÈSRLM W�MSU�[HLM °PRfDM }FRXVLQ�9,� u(QTHQ G~ NDi �THRL NHNO�PHTD� NDi °PRORJRÀPHQ WÎQ WRLRºWZQ QRPL]RP{QZQTHÎQ �THRL HnQDL� �OO R¹Fi WRÀ �OKTHVW�WRX NDi SDWUµM GLNDLRVºQKM NDiVZIURVºQKM NDi WÎQ �OOZQ �UHWÎQ �QHSLPfNWRX WH NDNfDM THRÀ� � �OO zNHlQ²Q WHNDi WµQ SDU D¹WRÀ XdµQ zOT²QWD NDi GLG�[DQWD �P�M WDÀWD� NDi WµQ WÎQ �OOZQySRP{QZQ NDi z[RPRLRXP{QZQ �JDTÎQ �JJ{OZQ VWUDW²Q� SQHÀP� WH Wµ SURIKWLNµQVHE²PHTD NDi SURVNXQRÀPHQ� O²J- NDi �OKTHfY WLPÎQWHM� NDi SDQWi ERXORP{Q-PDTHlQ� ÆM zGLG�FTKPHQ� �IT²QZM SDUDGLG²QWHM�

Page 4: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

9,,� $OO�� I�VHL WLM� �GK WLQ~M OKIT{QWHM �O{JFTKVDQ NDNRÀUJRL� � NDi J�USROOR½M SROO�NLM� ³WDQ yN�VWRWH WÎQ NDWKJRURXP{QZQ WµQ EfRQ z[HW�]KWH� �OO R¹GL� WR½M SUROHFT{QWDM NDWDGLN�]HWH� � NDT²ORX P~Q RÂQ N�NHlQR °PRORJRÀPHQ� ³WL¶Q WU²SRQ Rd zQ t(OOKVL W� D¹WRlM �UHVW� GRJPDWfVDQWHM zN SDQWµM WÙ yQi ±Q²PDWLILORVRIfDM SURVDJRUHºRQWDL� NDfSHU WÎQ GRJP�WZQ zQDQWfZQ ´QWZQ� R»WZM NDi WÎQzQ EDUE�URLM JHQRP{QZQ NDi GR[�QWZQ VRIÎQ Wµ zSLNDWKJRURºPHQRQ ´QRPD NRLQ²QzVWL� &ULVWLDQRi J�U S�QWHM SURVDJRUHºRQWDL� � ³THQ S�QWZQ WÎQ NDWDJJHOORP{QZQ¸PlQ W�M SU�[HLM NUfQHVTDL �[LRÀPHQ� gQD ° zOHJFTHiM ÆM �GLNRM NRO�]KWDL� �OO� P�ÆM &ULVWLDQ²M� z�Q G{ WLM �Q{OHJNWRM I�QKWDL� �SROºKWDL ÆM &ULVWLDQµM R¹G~Q�GLNÎQ� � R¹ J�U WR½M NDWKJRURÀQWDM NRO�]HLQ ¸P�M �[LÈVRPHQ� �UNRÀQWDL J�U W­SURVRºV9 SRQKUfY NDi W­ WÎQ NDOÎQ �JQRfY�9,,,� /RJfVDVTH G ³WL ¸S~U ¸PÎQ WDÀWD }IKPHQ zN WRÀ zI �PlQ HnQDL �UQHlVTDLz[HWD]RP{QRXM� � �OO R¹ ERXO²PHTD ]¡Q \HXGRORJRÀQWHM� WRÀ J�U DeZQfRX NDiNDTDURÀ EfRX zSLTXPRÀQWHM W¡M PHW� THRÀ WRÀ S�QWZQ SDWUµM NDi GKPLRXUJRÀGLDJZJ¡M �QWLSRLRºPHTD� NDi VSHºGRPHQ zSi Wµ °PRORJHlQ� Rd SHSHLVP{QRL NDiSLVWHºRQWHM WXFHlQ WRºWZQ GºQDVTDL WR½M WµQ THµQ GL }UJZQ SHfVDQWDM� ³WL D¹WÙHgSRQWR NDi W¡M SDU D¹WÙ GLDJZJ¡M �UZQ� }QTD NDNfD R¹N �QWLWXSHl� � ÆM P~Q RÂQGL� EUDF{ZQ HeSHlQ� � WH SURVGRNÎPHQ NDi PHPDT�NDPHQ GL� WRÀ &ULVWRÀ NDiGLG�VNRPHQ WDÀW� zVWL� � 3O�WZQ G~ °PRfZM }IK C5DG�PDQTXQ NDi 0fQZ NRO�VHLQWR½M �GfNRXM SDU D¹WR½M zOT²QWDM� �PHlM G~ Wµ D¹Wµ SU�JP� IDPHQ JHQ�VHVTDL��OO ¸Sµ WRÀ &ULVWRÀ� NDi WRlM D¹WRlM VÈPDVL PHW� WÎQ \XFÎQ JLQRP{QZQ NDiDeZQfDQ N²ODVLQ NRODVTKVRP{QZQ� �OO R¹Fi FLOLRQWDHW¡ SHUfRGRQ� ÆM zNHlQRM }IK�P²QRQ� � He P~Q RÂQ �SLVWRQ   �GºQDWRQ WRÀWR I�VHL WLM� SUµM �P�M �GH � SO�QKzVWiQ �OO R¹ SUµM |WHURQ� P{FULM RÁ }UJ- PKG~Q �GLNRÀQWHM zOHJF²PHTD�,;� $OO R¹G~ TXVfDLM SROODlM NDi SORNDlM �QTÎQ WLPÎPHQ R¾M �QTUZSRLPRUIÈVDQWHM NDi zQ QDRlM dGUºVDQWHM THR½M SURVZQ²PDVDQ� zSHi �\XFD NDi QHNU�WDÀWD JLQÈVNRPHQ NDi THRÀ PRUI�Q P� }FRQWD �R¹ J�U WRLDºWKQ �JRºPHTD WµQ THµQ}FHLQ W�Q PRUI�Q� �Q IDVf WLQHM HeM WLP�Q PHPLP¡VTDL�� �OO zNHfQZQ WÎQ IDQ{QWZQNDNÎQ GDLP²QZQ NDi ±Q²PDWD NDi VF�PDWD }FHLQ� � Wf J�U GHl HeG²VLQ ¸PlQ O{JHLQ� �W�Q »OKQ Rd WHFQlWDL GLDWLT{DVL [{RQWHM NDi W{PQRQWHM NDi FZQHºRQWHM NDiWºSWRQWHM� NDi z[ �WfPZQ SROO�NLM VNHXÎQ GL� W{FQKM Wµ VF¡PD P²QRQ �OO�[DQWHMNDi PRUIRSRL�VDQWHM THR½M zSRQRP�]RXVLQ� � ³SHU R¹ P²QRQ �ORJRQ �JRºPHTD��OO� NDi zI »EUHL WRÀ THRÀ JfQHVTDL� ¶M �UUKWRQ G²[DQ NDi PRUI�Q }FZQ zSiITDUWRlM NDi GHRP{QRLM THUDSHfDM SU�JPDVLQ zSRQRP�]HWDL� � NDi ³WL Rd WRºWZQWHFQlWDL �VHOJHlM WH NDi S�VDQ NDNfDQ� gQD P� NDWDULTPÎPHQ� }FRXVLQ� �NULEÎMzSfVWDVTH� NDi W�M yDXWÎQ SDLGfVNDM VXQHUJD]RP{QDM ITHfURXVLQ� � Í W¡MzPEURQWKVfDM� �QTUÈSRXM �NRO�VWRXM THR½M HeM Wµ SURVNXQHlVTDL SO�VVHLQO{JHVTDL NDi PHWDSRLHlQ� NDi WÎQ dHUÎQ� }QTD �QDWfTHQWDL� IºODNDM WRLRºWRXMNDTLVW�QDL� P� VXQRUÎQWDM �T{PLWRQ NDi Wµ QRHlQ   O{JHLQ �QTUÈSRXM THÎQ HnQDLIºODNDM�

Page 5: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

;� $OO R¹ G{HVTDL W¡M SDU� �QTUÈSZQ ¸OLN¡M SURVIRU�M SURVHLO�IDPHQ WµQTH²Q� D¹WµQ SDU{FRQWD S�QWD °UÎQWHM� zNHfQRXM G~ SURVG{FHVTDL D¹WµQ P²QRQGHGLG�JPHTD NDi SHSHfVPHTD NDi SLVWHºRPHQ� WR½M W� SURV²QWD D¹WÙ �JDT�PLPRXP{QRXM� VZIURVºQKQ NDi GLNDLRVºQKQ NDi ILODQTUZSfDQ NDi ³VD ReNHlD THÙzVWL� WÙ PKGHQi ±Q²PDWL THWÙ NDORXP{Q-� � NDi S�QWD W�Q �UF�Q �JDTµQ ´QWDGKPLRXUJ¡VDL D¹WµQ z[ �P²UIRX »OKM GL �QTUÈSRXM GHGLG�JPHTD� Rj z�Q �[fRXM WÙzNHfQRX ERXOHºPDWL yDXWR½M GL }UJZQ GHf[ZVL� W¡M PHW D¹WRÀ �QDVWURI¡MNDWD[LZT¡QDL SURVHLO�IDPHQ VXPEDVLOHºRQWDM� �IT�UWRXM NDi �SDTHlMJHQRP{QRXM� � ¶Q WU²SRQ J�U W�Q �UF�Q R¹N ´QWDM zSRfKVH� WµQ D¹WµQ �JRºPHTDWU²SRQ GL� Wµ yO{VTDL WR½M DdURXP{QRXM W� D¹WÙ �UHVW� NDi �ITDUVfDM NDiVXQRXVfDM NDWD[LZT¡QDL� � Wµ P~Q J�U W�Q �UF�Q JHQ{VTDL R¹F �P{WHURQ £Q� Wµ Gz[DNRORXT¡VDL RmM IfORQ D¹WÙ DdURXP{QRXM GL ÏQ D¹WµM zGZU�VDWR ORJLNÎQGXQ�PHZQ SHfTHL WH NDi HeM SfVWLQ �JHL �P�M� � NDi ¸S~U S�QWZQ �QTUÈSZQ�JRºPHTD HnQDL Wµ P� HhUJHVTDL WDÀWD PDQT�QHLQ� �OO� NDi SURWU{SHVTDL zSiWDÀWD� � ³SHU J�U R¹N �GXQ�TKVDQ Rd �QTUÈSHLRL Q²PRL SU�[DL� WDÀWD ° O²JRM THlRMÍQ HeUJ�VDWR� He P� Rd IDÀORL GDfPRQHM NDWHVN{GDVDQ SROO� \HXG¡ NDi �THDNDWKJRU�PDWD� VºPPDFRQ ODE²QWHM W�Q zQ yN�VW- NDN�Q SUµM S�QWD NDi SRLNfOKQIºVHL zSLTXPfDQ� ÏQ R¹G~Q SU²VHVWLQ �PlQ�;,� .Di ¸PHlM� �NRºVDQWHM EDVLOHfDQ SURVGRNÎQWDM �P�M� �NUfWZM �QTUÈSLQRQO{JHLQ �P�M ¸SHLO�IDWH� �PÎQ W�Q PHW� THRÀ OHJ²QWZQ� ÆM NDi zN WRÀ�QHWD]RP{QRXM ¸I ¸PÎQ °PRORJHlQ HnQDL &ULVWLDQRºM� JLQÈVNRQWHM WÙ °PRORJRÀQWLT�QDWRQ W�Q ]KPfDQ NHlVTDL� IDfQHWDL� � He J�U �QTUÈSLQRQ EDVLOHfDQSURVHGRNÎPHQ� N�Q �UQRºPHTD� ³SZM P� �QDLUÈPHTD� NDi ODQT�QHLQ zSHLUÈPHTD�³SZM WÎQ SURVGRNZP{QZQ WºFZPHQ� �OO zSHi R¹N HeM Wµ QÀQ W�M zOSfGDM }FRPHQ��QDLURºQWZQ R¹ SHIURQWfNDPHQ WRÀ NDi S�QWZM �SRTDQHlQ ±IHLORP{QRX�;,,� $UZJRi G ¸PlQ NDi VºPPDFRL SUµM HeU�QKQ zVP~Q S�QWZQ P�OORQ �QTUÈSZQ� RjWDÀWD GR[�]RPHQ� ÆM ODTHlQ THµQ NDN²HUJRQ   SOHRQ{NWKQ   zSfERXORQ   zQ�UHWRQ�GºQDWRQ HnQDL� NDi |NDVWRQ zS DeZQfDQ N²ODVLQ   VZWKUfDQ NDW �[fDQ WÎQSU�[HZQ SRUHºHVTDL� � He J�U Rd S�QWHM �QTUZSRL WDÀWD zJfQZVNRQ� R¹N �Q WLM W�QNDNfDQ SUµM ±OfJRQ ¥UHlWR� JLQÈVNZQ SRUHºHVTDL zS DeZQfDQ GL� SXUµM NDWDGfNKQ��OO zN SDQWµM WU²SRX yDXWµQ VXQHlFH NDi zN²VPHL �UHW­� ³SZM WÎQ SDU� WRÀ THRÀWºF9 �JDTÎQ NDi WÎQ NRODVWKUfZQ �SKOODJP{QRM HhK� � R¹ J�U GL� WR½M ¸I ¸PÎQNHLP{QRXM Q²PRXM NDi NRO�VHLM SHLUÎQWDL ODQT�QHLQ �GLNRÀQWHM� �QTUÈSRXM G ´QWDMODQT�QHLQ ¸P�M GXQDWµQ zSLVW�PHQRL �GLNRÀVLQ� He }PDTRQ NDi zSHfVTKVDQ THµQ�GºQDWRQ HnQDL ODTHlQ WL� R¹ P²QRQ SUDWW²PHQRQ �OO� NDi ERXOHX²PHQRQ� N�Q GL� W�zSLNHfPHQD zN SDQWµM WU²SRX N²VPLRL £VDQ� ÆM NDi ¸PHlM VXPI�VHWH� � $OOzRfNDWH GHGL{QDL P� S�QWHM GLNDLRSUDJ�VZVL� NDi ¸PHlM R¾M NRO�]KWH }WL R¹F |[HWH�GKPfZQ G �Q HhK Wµ WRLRÀWRQ }UJRQ� �OO R¹N �UF²QWZQ �JDTÎQ� � SHSHfVPHTD G zNGDLP²QZQ IDºOZQ� Rj NDi SDU� WÎQ �O²JZM ELRºQWZQ DeWRÀVL TºPDWD NDi THUDSHfDM�NDi WDÀWD� ÆM SUR{IKPHQ� zQHUJHlVTDL� �OO R¹F ¸P�M� Rg JH H¹VHEHfDM NDiILORVRIfDM ±U{JHVTH� �ORJ²Q WL SU�[DL ¸SHLO�IDPHQ� � He G~ NDi ¸PHlM °PRfZM WRlM�QR�WRLM W� }TK SUµ W¡M �OKTHfDM WLP�WH� SU�WWHWH ¶ GºQDVTH� WRVRÀWRQ G~ GºQDQWDLNDi �UFRQWHM SUµ W¡M �OKTHfDM G²[DQ WLPÎQWHM� ³VRQ NDi O9VWDi zQ zUKPfY� � ³WL GR¹ NDOOLHU�VHWH� ° O²JRM �SRGHfNQXVLQ� RÁ EDVLOLNÈWDWRQ NDi GLNDL²WDWRQ �UFRQWDPHW� WµQ JHQQ�VDQWD THµQ R¹G{QD RhGDPHQ ´QWD� � ¶Q J�U WU²SRQ GLDG{FHVTDL SHQfDM

Page 6: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

  S�TK   �GR[fDM SDWULN�M ¸IDLURÀQWDL S�QWHM� R»WZM NDi ³VD �Q ¸SDJRUHºV9 °O²JRM P� GHlQ DdUHlVTDL ° QRXQHF�M R¹F DdU�VHWDL� � JHQ�VHVTDL WDÀWD S�QWDSURHlSH� IKPf� ° �P{WHURM GLG�VNDORM NDi WRÀ SDWUµM S�QWZQ NDi GHVS²WRX THRÀXdµM NDi �S²VWRORM ÍQ ,KVRÀM &ULVW²M� �I RÁ NDi Wµ &ULVWLDQRi zSRQRP�]HVTDLzVF�NDPHQ� �� ³THQ NDi E{EDLRL JLQ²PHTD SUµM W� GHGLGDJP{QD ¸S D¹WRÀ S�QWD�zSHLG� }UJ- IDfQHWDL JLQ²PHQD ³VD IT�VDM JHQ{VTDL SURHlSHQ� ³SHU THRÀ }UJRQ zVWf�SUiQ   JHQ{VTDL HeSHlQ NDi R»WZM GHLFT¡QDL JLQ²PHQRQ ÆM SURHfUKWDL� �� £Q P~Q RÂQNDi zSi WRºWRLM SDXVDP{QRXM PKG~Q SURVWLT{QDL� ORJLVDP{QRXM ³WL GfNDL� WH NDi�OKT¡ �[LRÀPHQ� �OO zSHi JQZUf]RPHQ R¹ ��RQ �JQRfY NDWHFRP{QKQ \XF�Q VXQW²PZMPHWDE�OOHLQ� ¸S~U WRÀ SHlVDL WR½M ILODO�THLM PLNU� SURVTHlQDL SURHTXP�TKPHQ�HeG²WHM ³WL R¹N �GºQDWRQ �OKTHfDM SDUDWHTHfVKM �JQRLDQ IXJHlQ�;,,,� u$THRL P~Q RÂQ ÆM R¼N zVPHQ� WµQ GKPLRXUJµQ WRÀGH WRÀ SDQWµM VHE²PHQRL��QHQGH¡ DdP�WZQ NDi VSRQGÎQ NDi TXPLDP�WZQ� ÆM zGLG�FTKPHQ� O{JRQWHM� O²J-H¹F¡M NDi H¹FDULVWfDM zI RmM SURVIHU²PHTD S�VLQ� ³VK GºQDPLM� DeQRÀQWHM� P²QKQ�[fDQ D¹WRÀ WLP�Q WDºWKQ SDUDODE²QWHM� Wµ W� ¸S zNHfQRX HeM GLDWURI�Q JHQ²PHQDR¹ SXUi GDSDQ�Q� �OO yDXWRlM NDi WRlM GHRP{QRLM SURVI{UHLQ� � zNHfQ- G~H¹FDUfVWRXM ´QWDM GL� O²JRX SRPS�M NDi »PQRXM S{PSHLQ ¸S{U WH WRÀ JHJRQ{QDL NDiWÎQ HeM H¹UZVWfDQ S²UZQ S�QWZQ� SRLRW�WZQ P~Q JHQÎQ NDi PHWDEROÎQ ÆUÎQ� NDiWRÀ S�OLQ zQ �ITDUVfY JHQ{VTDL GL� SfVWLQ W�Q zQ D¹WÙ DeW�VHLM S{PSRQWHM� WfMVZIURQÎQ R¹F °PRORJ�VHL� � WµQ GLG�VNDO²Q WH WRºWZQ JHQ²PHQRQ �PlQ NDi HeMWRÀWR JHQQKT{QWD ,KVRÀQ &ULVW²Q� WµQ VWDXUZT{QWD zSi 3RQWfRX 3LO�WRX� WRÀJHQRP{QRX zQ ,RXGDfY zSi FU²QRLM 7LEHUfRX .DfVDURM zSLWU²SRX� XdµQ D¹WRÀ WRÀ´QWZM THRÀ PDT²QWHM NDi zQ GHXW{UY FÈUY }FRQWHM� SQHÀP� WH SURIKWLNµQ zQ WUfW9W�[HL ³WL PHW� O²JRX WLPÎPHQ �SRGHf[RPHQ� � zQWDÀTD J�U PDQfDQ �PÎQNDWDIDfQRQWDL� GHXW{UDQ FÈUDQ PHW� WµQ �WUHSWRQ NDi �Hi ´QWD THµQ NDi JHQQ�WRUDWÎQ �S�QWZQ �QTUÈS- VWDXUZT{QWL GLG²QDL �P�M O{JRQWHM� �JQRRÀQWHM Wµ zQ WRºW-PXVW�ULRQ� Ú SURV{FHLQ ¸P�M z[KJRXP{QZQ �PÎQ SURWUHS²PHTD�;,9� 3URO{JRPHQ J�U ¸PlQ IXO�[DVTDL� P� Rd SURGLDEHEOKP{QRL ¸I �PÎQ GDfPRQHMz[DSDW�VZVLQ ¸P�M NDi �SRWU{\ZVL WRÀ ³OZM zQWXFHlQ NDi VXQHlQDL W� OHJ²PHQD��JZQf]RQWDL J�U }FHLQ ¸P�M GRºORXM NDi ¸SKU{WDM� NDi SRW~ P~Q GL ±QHfUZQzSLIDQHfDM� SRW~ G D GL� PDJLNÎQ VWURIÎQ FHLURÀQWDL S�QWDM WR½M R¹N }VT ³SZM¸S~U W¡M D¹WÎQ VZWKUfDM �JZQL]RP{QRXM�� ¶Q WU²SRQ NDi �PHlM PHW� Wµ WÙ O²J-SHLVT¡QDL zNHfQZQ P~Q �S{VWKPHQ� THÙ G~ P²Q- WÙ �JHQQ�W- GL� WRÀ XdRÀ yS²PHTD�� Rd S�ODL P~Q SRUQHfDLM FDfURQWHM� QÀQ G~ VZIURVºQKQ P²QKQ �VSD]²PHQRL� Rd G~ NDiPDJLNDlM W{FQDLM FUÈPHQRL� �JDTÙ NDi �JHQQ�W- THÙ yDXWR½M �QDWHTHLN²WHM�FUKP�WZQ G~ NDi NWKP�WZQ Rd S²URXM SDQWµM P�OORQ VW{UJRQWHM� QÀQ NDi � }FRPHQHeM NRLQµQ I{URQWHM NDi SDQWi GHRP{Q- NRLQZQRÀQWHM� � Rd PLV�OOKORL G~ NDi�OOKORI²QRL NDi SUµM WR½M R¹F °PRIºORXM GL� W� }TK NDi yVWfDM NRLQ�M P�SRLRºPHQRL� QÀQ PHW� W�Q zSLI�QHLDQ WRÀ &ULVWRÀ °PRGfDLWRL JLQ²PHQRL� NDi ¸S~U WÎQzFTUÎQ H¹F²PHQRL� NDi WR½M �GfNZM PLVRÀQWDM SHfTHLQ SHLUÈPHQRL� ³SZM Rd NDW� W�MWRÀ &ULVWRÀ NDO�M ¸SRTKPRVºQDM ELÈVDQWHM H¹{OSLGHM ÐVL V½Q �PlQ WÎQ D¹WÎQSDU� WRÀ S�QWZQ GHVS²]RQWRM THRÀ WXFHlQ� � gQD G~ P� VRIf]HVTDL ¸P�M G²[ZPHQ�±OfJZQ WLQÎQ WÎQ SDU D¹WRÀ WRÀ &ULVWRÀ GLGDJP�WZQ zSLPQKVT¡QDL NDOÎM }FHLQSUµ W¡M �SRGHf[HZM �JKV�PHTD� NDi ¸P{WHURQ }VWZ ÆM GXQDWÎQ EDVLO{ZQ z[HW�VDLHe �OKTÎM WDÀWD GHGLG�JPHTD NDi GLG�VNRPHQ� � EUDFHlM G~ NDi VºQWRPRL SDU

Page 7: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

D¹WRÀ O²JRL JHJ²QDVLQ� R¹ J�U VRILVW�M ¸S¡UFHQ� �OO� GºQDPLM THRÀ ° O²JRM D¹WRÀ£Q�;9� 3HUi P~Q RÂQ VZIURVºQKM WRVRÀWRQ HnSHQ� v2M �Q zPEO{\9 JXQDLNi SUµM WµzSLTXP¡VDL D¹W¡M �GK zPRfFHXVH W­ NDUGfY SDU� WÙ THÙ� � NDf� (e ° ±ITDOP²M VRX °GH[LµM VNDQGDOf]HL VH� }NNR\RQ D¹W²Q� VXPI{UHL J�U VRL PRQ²ITDOPRQ HeVHOTHlQ HeMW�Q EDVLOHfDQ WÎQ R¹UDQÎQ�   PHW� WÎQ GºR SHPIT¡QDL HeM Wµ DeÈQLRQ SÀU� � NDf�v2M JDPHl �SROHOXP{QKQ �I yW{URX �QGUµM PRLF�WDL� � NDf� (eVf WLQHM RgWLQHMH¹QRXFfVTKVDQ ¸Sµ WÎQ �QTUÈSZQ� HeVi G~ Rj zJHQQ�TKVDQ H¹QRÀFRL� HeVi G~ RjH¹QRºFLVDQ yDXWR½M GL� W�Q EDVLOHfDQ WÎQ R¹UDQÎQ� SO�Q R¹ S�QWHM WRÀWRFZURÀVLQ� � ÉVSHU NDi Rd Q²P- �QTUZSfQ- GLJDPfDM SRLRºPHQRL �PDUWZORi SDU� WÙ�PHW{U- GLGDVN�O- HeVf� NDi Rd SURVEO{SRQWHM JXQDLNi SUµM Wµ zSLTXP¡VDL D¹W¡M�R¹ J�U P²QRQ ° PRLFHºZQ }UJ- zNE{EOKWDL SDU D¹WÙ� �OO� NDi ° PRLFHÀVDLERXO²PHQRM� ÆM R¹ WÎQ }UJZQ IDQHUÎQ P²QRQ WÙ THÙ �OO� NDi WÎQ zQTXPKP�WZQ�� NDi SROORf WLQHM NDi SROODi y[KNRQWRÀWDL NDi yEGRPKNRQWRÀWDL� Rj zN SDfGZQzPDTKWHºTKVDQ WÙ &ULVWÙ� �ITRURL GLDP{QRXVL� NDi H¼FRPDL NDW� S�Q J{QRM�QTUÈSZQ WRLRºWRXM GHl[DL� � Wf J�U NDi O{JRPHQ Wµ �QDUfTPKWRQ SO¡TRM WÎQ z[�NRODVfDM PHWDEDO²QWZQ NDi WDÀWD PDT²QWZQ� R¹ J�U WR½M GLNDfRXM R¹G~ WR½MVÈIURQDM HeM PHW�QRLDQ zN�OHVHQ ° &ULVW²M� �OO� WR½M �VHEHlM NDi �NRO�VWRXMNDi �GfNRXM� � HnSH G~ R»WZM� R¹N £OTRQ NDO{VDL GLNDfRXM� �OO� �PDUWZOR½M HeMPHW�QRLDQ� T{OHL J�U ° SDW�U ° R¹U�QLRM W�Q PHW�QRLDQ WRÀ �PDUWZORÀ   W�QN²ODVLQ D¹WRÀ� � SHUi G~ WRÀ VW{UJHLQ �SDQWDM WDÀWD zGfGD[HQ� (e �JDS�WH WR½M�JDSÎQWDM ¸P�M� Wf NDLQµQ SRLHlWH� NDi J�U Rd S²UQRL WRÀWR SRLRÀVLQ� (JË G~ ¸PlQO{JZ� (¼FHVTH ¸S~U WÎQ zFTUÎQ ¸PÎQ NDi �JDS�WH WR½M PLVRÀQWDM ¸P�M NDiH¹ORJHlWH WR½M NDWDUZP{QRXM ¸PlQ NDi H¼FHVTH ¸S~U WÎQ zSKUHD]²QWZQ ¸P�M� �� HeMG~ Wµ NRLQZQHlQ WRlM GHRP{QRLM NDi PKG~Q SUµM G²[DQ SRLHlQ WDÀWD }IK� 3DQWi WÙDeWRÀQWL GfGRWH NDi WµQ ERXO²PHQRQ GDQHfVDVTDL P� �SRVWUDI¡WH� He J�U GDQHf]HWHSDU ÏQ zOSf]HWH ODEHlQ� Wf NDLQµQ SRLHlWH� WRÀWR NDi Rd WHOÎQDL SRLRÀVLQ� �� ¸PHlMG~ P� TKVDXUf]KWH yDXWRlM zSi W¡M J¡M� ³SRX V�M NDi EUÎVLM �IDQf]HL NDi O9VWDiGLRUºVVRXVL� TKVDXUf]HWH G~ yDXWRlM zQ WRlM R¹UDQRlM� ³SRX R¼WH V�M R¼WH EUÎVLM�IDQf]HL� �� Wf J�U ÇIHOHlWDL �QTUZSRM� �Q WµQ N²VPRQ ³ORQ NHUG�V9� W�Q G~ \XF�QD¹WRÀ �SRO{V9�   Wf GÈVHL D¹W¡M �QW�OODJPD� TKVDXUf]HWH RÂQ zQ WRlM R¹UDQRlM�³SRX R¼WH V�M R¼WH EUÎVLM �IDQf]HL� �� NDf� *fQHVTH G~ FUKVWRi NDi ReNWfUPRQHM� ÆMNDi ° SDW�U ¸PÎQ FUKVW²M zVWL NDi ReNWfUPZQ� NDi WµQ �OLRQ D¹WRÀ �QDW{OOHL zSi�PDUWZOR½M NDi GLNDfRXM NDi SRQKURºM� �� P� PHULPQ�WH G~ Wf I�JKWH   WfzQGºVKVTH� R¹F ¸PHlM WÎQ SHWHLQÎQ NDi WÎQ TKUfZQ GLDI{UHWH� NDi ° THµM WU{IHLD¹W�� �� P� RÂQ PHULPQ�VKWH Wf I�JKWH   Wf zQGºVKVTH� RnGH J�U ° SDW�U ¸PÎQ °R¹U�QLRM ³WL WRºWZQ FUHfDQ }FHWH� �� ]KWHlWH G~ W�Q EDVLOHfDQ WÎQ R¹UDQÎQ� NDiWDÀWD S�QWD SURVWHT�VHWDL ¸PlQ� ³SRX J�U ° TKVDXU²M zVWLQ� zNHl NDi ° QRÀM WRÀ�QTUÈSRX� �� NDf� 0� SRL¡WH WDÀWD SUµM Wµ THDT¡QDL ¸Sµ WÎQ �QTUÈSZQ� He G~ P� JH�PLVTµQ R¹N }FHWH SDU� WRÀ SDWUµM ¸PÎQ WRÀ zQ WRlM R¹UDQRlM�;9,� 3HUi G~ WRÀ �QH[LN�NRXM HnQDL NDi ¸SKUHWLNR½M S�VL NDi �RUJ�WRXM � }IKWDÀW� zVWL� 7Ù WºSWRQWf VRX W�Q VLDJ²QD S�UHFH NDi W�Q �OOKQ� NDi WµQ DhURQW�VRX WµQ FLWÎQD   Wµ dP�WLRQ P� NZOºV9M� � ¶M G �Q ±UJLVT­� }QRF²M zVWLQ HeM Wµ SÀU�SDQWi G~ �JJDUHºRQWf VH PfOLRQ �NRORºTKVRQ GºR� ODP\�WZ G~ ¸PÎQ W� NDO� }UJD}PSURVTHQ WÎQ �QTUÈSZQ� gQD EO{SRQWHM TDXP�]ZVL WµQ SDW{UD ¸PÎQ WµQ zQ WRlMR¹UDQRlM� � R¹ J�U �QWDfUHLQ GHl� R¹G~ PLPKW�M HnQDL WÎQ IDºOZQ EHERºOKWDL �P�M�

Page 8: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

�OO� GL� W¡M ¸SRPRQ¡M NDi SUD²WKWRM z[ DeVFºQKM NDi zSLTXPfDM WÎQ NDNÎQ �JHLQS�QWDM SURHWU{\DWR� � ¶ J�U NDi zSi SROOÎQ WÎQ SDU ¸PlQ JHJHQKP{QZQ �SRGHl[DL}FRPHQ� zN ELDfZQ NDi WXU�QQZQ PHW{EDORQ� �WWKT{QWHM   JHLW²QZQ NDUWHUfDQ EfRXSDUDNRORXT�VDQWHM   VXQRGRLS²UZQ SOHRQHNWRXP{QZQ ¸SRPRQ�Q [{QKQNDWDQR�VDQWHM   VXPSUDJPDWHXRP{QZQ SHLUDT{QWHM� � SHUi G~ WRÀ P� ±PQºQDL ³OZM�W�OKT¡ G~ O{JHLQ �Hf� R»WZM SDUHNHOHºVDWR� 0� ±P²VKWH ³OZM� }VWZ G~ ¸PÎQ Wµ QDiQDf� NDi Wµ R��R¼� Wµ G~ SHULVVµQ WRºWZQ zN WRÀ SRQKURÀ� � ÆM G~ NDi WµQ THµQ P²QRQGHl SURVNXQHlQ� R»WZM }SHLVHQ HeSÈQ� 0HJfVWK zQWRO� zVWL� .ºULRQ WµQ TH²Q VRXSURVNXQ�VHLM NDi D¹WÙ P²Q- ODWUHºVHLM z[ ³OKM W¡M NDUGfDM VRX NDi z[ ³OKM W¡MeVFºRM VRX� NºULRQ WµQ THµQ WµQ SRL�VDQW� VH� � NDi SURVHOT²QWRM D¹WÙ WLQRM NDiHeS²QWRM� 'LG�VNDOH �JDT{� �SHNUfQDWR O{JZQ� 2¹GHiM �JDTµM He P� P²QRM ° TH²M� °SRL�VDM W� S�QWD� � Rj G �Q P� H¸UfVNZQWDL ELRÀQWHM� ÆM zGfGD[H� JQZUL]{VTZVDQP� ´QWHM &ULVWLDQRf� N�Q O{JZVLQ GL� JOÈWWKM W� WRÀ &ULVWRÀ GLG�JPDWD� R¹ J�UWR½M P²QRQ O{JRQWDM� �OO� WR½M NDi W� }UJD SU�WWRQWDM VZT�VHVTDL }IK� � HnSHJ�U R»WZM� 2¹Fi S�M ° O{JZQ PRL .ºULH NºULH HeVHOHºVHWDL HeM W�Q EDVLOHfDQ WÎQR¹UDQÎQ� �OO ° SRLÎQ Wµ T{OKPD WRÀ SDWU²M PRX WRÀ zQ WRlM R¹UDQRlM� �� ¶M J�U�NRºHL PRX NDi SRLHl � O{JZ �NRºHL WRÀ �SRVWHfODQW²M PH� �� SROORi G~ zURÀVf PRL�.ºULH NºULH� R¹ WÙ VÙ ±Q²PDWL zI�JRPHQ NDi zSfRPHQ NDi GXQ�PHLM zSRL�VDPHQ� NDiW²WH zUÎ D¹WRlM� $SRFZUHlWH �S zPRÀ� zUJ�WDL W¡M �QRPfDM� �� W²WH NODXTPµM}VWDL NDi EUXJPµM WÎQ ±G²QWZQ� ³WDQ Rd P~Q GfNDLRL O�P\ZVLQ ÆM ° �OLRM� Rd G~�GLNRL S{PSZQWDL HeM Wµ DeÈQLRQ SÀU� �� SROORi J�U �[RXVLQ zSi WÙ ±Q²PDWf PRX�}[ZTHQ P~Q zQGHGXP{QRL G{UPDWD SURE�WZQ� }VZTHQ G~ ´QWHM OºNRL �USDJHM� zN WÎQ}UJZQ D¹WÎQ zSLJQÈVHVTH D¹WRºM� S�Q G~ G{QGURQ� P� SRLRÀQ NDUSµQ NDO²Q�zNN²SWHWDL NDi HeM SÀU E�OOHWDL� �� NRO�]HVTDL G~ WR½M R¹N �NRORºTZM WRlMGLG�JPDVLQ D¹WRÀ ELRÀQWDM� OHJRP{QRXM G~ P²QRQ &ULVWLDQRºM� NDi ¸I ¸PÎQ�[LRÀPHQ�;9,,� )²URXM G~ NDi HeVIRU�M WRlM ¸I ¸PÎQ WHWDJP{QRLM SDQWDFRÀ SUµ S�QWZQSHLUÈPHTD I{UHLQ� ÆM zGLG�FTKPHQ SDU D¹WRÀ� � NDW zNHlQR J�U WRÀ NDLURÀSURVHOT²QWHM WLQ~M �UÈWZQ D¹W²Q� He GHl .DfVDUL I²URXM WHOHlQ� NDi �SHNUfQDWR�(hSDW{ PRL� WfQRM HeN²QD Wµ Q²PLVPD }FHL� Rd G~ }IDVDQ� .DfVDURM� NDi S�OLQ�QWDSHNUfQDWR D¹WRlM� $S²GRWH RÂQ W� .DfVDURM WÙ .DfVDUL NDi W� WRÀ THRÀ WÙTHÙ� � ³THQ THµQ P~Q P²QRQ SURVNXQRÀPHQ� ¸PlQ G~ SUµM W� �OOD FDfURQWHM¸SKUHWRÀPHQ� EDVLOHlM NDi �UFRQWDM �QTUÈSZQ °PRORJRÀQWHM NDi H¹F²PHQRL PHW�W¡M EDVLOLN¡M GXQ�PHZM NDi VÈIURQD WµQ ORJLVPµQ }FRQWDM ¸P�M H¸UHT¡QDL� � He G~NDi �PÎQ H¹FRP{QZQ NDi S�QWD HeM IDQHUµQ WLT{QWZQ �IURQWLVW�VHWH� R¹G~Q �PHlMEODEKV²PHTD� SLVWHºRQWHM� P�OORQ G~ NDi SHSHLVP{QRL� NDW �[fDQ WÎQ SU�[HZQ|NDVWRQ WfVHLQ GL� SXUµM DeZQfRX GfNDM� NDi SUµM �QDORJfDQ ÏQ }ODEH GXQ�PHZQSDU� THRÀ WµQ O²JRQ �SDLWKT�VHVTDL� ÆM ° &ULVWµM zP�QXVHQ HeSÈQ� r:L SO{RQ}GZNHQ ° TH²M� SO{RQ NDi �SDLWKT�VHWDL SDU D¹WRÀ�;9,,,� $SREO{\DWH J�U SUµM Wµ W{ORM yN�VWRX WÎQ JHQRP{QZQ EDVLO{ZQ� ³WL WµQNRLQµQ S�VL T�QDWRQ �S{TDQRQ� ³SHU He HeM �QDLVTKVfDQ zFÈUHL� |UPDLRQ �Q £Q WRlM�GfNRLM S�VLQ� � �OO zSHi NDi DhVTKVLM S�VL JHQRP{QRLM P{QHL NDi N²ODVLM DeZQfD�S²NHLWDL� P� �PHO�VKWH SHLVT¡QDf WH NDi SLVWHÀVDL ³WL �OKT¡ WDÀW� zVWL�� QHNXRPDQWHlDL P~Q J�U NDi Dd �GLDIT²UZQ SDfGZQ zSRSWHºVHLM NDi \XFÎQ�QTUZSfQZQ NO�VHLM NDi Rd OHJ²PHQRL SDU� WRlM P�JRLM ±QHLURSRPSRi NDi S�UHGURLNDi W� JLQ²PHQD ¸Sµ WÎQ WDÀWD HeG²WZQ SHLV�WZVDQ ¸P�M� ³WL NDi PHW� T�QDWRQ zQ

Page 9: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

DeVT�VHL HeViQ Dd \XFDf� � NDi Rd \XFDlM �SRTDQ²QWZQ ODPEDQ²PHQRL NDi�LSWRºPHQRL �QTUZSRL� R¾M GDLPRQLRO�SWRXM NDi PDLQRP{QRXM NDORÀVL S�QWHM� NDiW� SDU ¸PlQ OHJ²PHQD PDQWHlD $PILO²FRX NDi 'ZGÈQKM NDi 3XTRÀM� NDi ³VD �OODWRLDÀW� zVWL� � NDi W� WÎQ VXJJUDI{ZQ GLG�JPDWD� (PSHGRNO{RXM NDi 3XTDJ²URX�3O�WZQ²M WH NDi 6ZNU�WRXM� NDi ° SDU C2P�U- E²TURM NDi � N�TRGRM 2GXVV{ZM HeMW�Q WRºWZQ zSfVNH\LQ� NDi WÎQ W� D¹W� WRºWRLM HeS²QWZQ� � RmM N�Q °PRfZM �P�M�SRG{[DVTH� R¹F ¢WWRQ zNHfQZQ THÙ SLVWHºRQWDM �OO� P�OORQ� Rj NDi W�QHNURºPHQD NDi HeM J¡Q EDOO²PHQD S�OLQ �SRO�\HVTDL yDXWÎQ VÈPDWDSURVGRNÎPHQ� �GºQDWRQ PKG~Q HnQDL THÙ O{JRQWHM�;,;� .Di NDWDQRRÀQWL Wf �SLVW²WHURQ �Q P�OORQ G²[DL�   He zQ VÈPDWL P� ¸S�UFRPHQNDf WLM }OHJHQ� zN PLNU�M WLQRM �DQfGRM W¡M WRÀ �QTUZSHfRX VS{UPDWRM GXQDWµQ±VW{D WH NDi QHÀUD NDi V�UNDM HeNRQRSRLKT{QWD� RmD °UÎPHQ� JHQ{VTDL� � }VWZ J�UQÀQ zI ¸SRT{VHZM OHJ²PHQRQ� Hh WLM ¸PlQ P� RÂVL WRLRºWRLM PKG~ WRLRºWZQ }OHJH� WµVS{UPD Wµ �QTUÈSHLRQ GHLNQ½M NDi HeN²QD JUDSW�Q� zN WRÀ WRLRÀGH Rm²Q WH JHQ{VTDLGLDEHEDLRºPHQRM� SUiQ eGHlQ JHQ²PHQRQ zSLVWHºVDWH� R¹N �Q WLM WROP�VHLHQ�QWHLSHlQ� � WµQ D¹WµQ RÂQ WU²SRQ GL� Wµ P�SZ yZUDN{QDL ¸P�M �QDVW�QWD QHNUµQ�SLVWfD }FHL� � �OO ¶Q WU²SRQ W�Q �UF�Q R¹N �Q zSLVWHºVDWH zN W¡M PLNU�M �DQfGRMGXQDWµQ WRLRºWRXM JHQ{VTDL� NDi °U�WH JLQRP{QRXM� WµQ D¹WµQ WU²SRQ ORJfVDVTH� ³WLGLDOXT{QWD NDi GfNKQ VSHUP�WZQ HeM J¡Q GLDFXT{QWD W� �QTUÈSHLD VÈPDWD NDW�NDLUµQ SURVW�[HL THRÀ �QDVW¡QDL NDi �ITDUVfDQ zQGºVDVTDL R¹N �GºQDWRQ�� SRfDQ J�U �[fDQ THRÀ GºQDPLQ O{JRXVLQ Rd I�VNRQWHM HeM zNHlQR FZUHlQ |NDVWRQ z[RÁSHU zJ{QHWR� NDi SDU� WDÀWD PKG~Q �OOR GºQDVTDL PKG~ WµQ TH²Q� R¹N }FRPHQO{JHLQ� �OO zNHlQR VXQRUÎPHQ� ³WL R¹N �Q zSfVWHXVDQ GXQDWµQ HnQDL WRLRºWRXM SRW~JHQ{VTDL� °SRfRXM NDi yDXWR½M NDi WµQ VºPSDQWD N²VPRQ NDi z[ °SRfZQ JHJHQKP{QD°UÎVL� � NUHlWWRQ G~ SLVWHºHLQ NDi W� W­ yDXWÎQ IºVHL NDi �QTUÈSRLM �GºQDWD�  °PRfZM WRlM �OORLM �SLVWHlQ SDUHLO�IDPHQ� zSHLG� NDi WµQ �P{WHURQ GLG�VNDORQ,KVRÀQ &ULVWµQ }JQZPHQ HeS²QWD� 7� �GºQDWD SDU� �QTUÈSRLM GXQDW� SDU� THÙ�� NDf� 0� IREHlVTH WR½M �QDLURÀQWDM ¸P�M NDi PHW� WDÀWD P� GXQDP{QRXM WLSRL¡VDL� HnSH� IRE�TKWH G~ WµQ PHW� Wµ �SRTDQHlQ GXQ�PHQRQ NDi \XF�Q NDi VÎPDHeM J{HQQDQ zPEDOHlQ� � � G~ J{HQQ� zVWL W²SRM� }QTD NRO�]HVTDL P{OORXVLQ Rd�GfNZM ELÈVDQWHM NDi P� SLVWHºRQWHM WDÀWD JHQ�VHVTDL ³VD ° THµM GL� WRÀ &ULVWRÀzGfGD[H�;;� .Di 6fEXOOD G~ NDi C8VW�VSKM JHQ�VHVTDL WÎQ ITDUWÎQ �Q�OZVLQ GL� SXUµM}IDVDQ� � Rd OHJ²PHQRL G~ 6WZoNRi ILO²VRIRL NDi D¹WµQ WµQ THµQ HeM SÀU �QDOºHVTDLGRJPDWf]RXVL NDi D S�OLQ NDW� PHWDERO�Q WµQ N²VPRQ JHQ{VTDL O{JRXVLQ� �PHlM G~NUHlWW²Q WL WÎQ PHWDEDOORP{QZQ QRRÀPHQ WµQ S�QWZQ SRLKW�Q TH²Q� � He RÂQ NDi°PRfZM WLQ� WRlM SDU ¸PlQ WLPZP{QRLM SRLKWDlM NDi ILORV²IRLM O{JRPHQ� }QLD G~ NDiPHL]²QZM NDi THfZM NDi P²QRL PHW� �SRGHf[HZM� Wf SDU� S�QWDM �GfNZM PLVRºPHTD�� WÙ J�U O{JHLQ �P�M ¸Sµ THRÀ S�QWD NHNRVP¡VTDL NDi JHJHQ¡VTDL 3O�WZQRMG²[RPHQ O{JHLQ G²JPD� WÙ G~ zNSºUZVLQ JHQ{VTDL 6WZoNÎQ� WÙ G~ NRO�]HVTDL zQDeVT�VHL NDi PHW� T�QDWRQ R¼VDM W�M WÎQ �GfNZQ \XF�M� W�M G~ WÎQ VSRXGDfZQ�SKOODJP{QDM WÎQ WLPZULÎQ H GL�JHLQ� SRLKWDlM NDi ILORV²IRLM W� D¹W� O{JHLQG²[RPHQ� � WÙ G~ NDi P� GHlQ FHLUÎQ �QTUZSfQZQ }UJRLM SURVNXQHlQ 0HQ�QGU- WÙNZPLNÙ NDi WRlM WDÀWD I�VDVL WD¹W� IU�]RPHQ� PHf]RQD J�U WµQ GKPLRXUJµQ WRÀVNHXD]RP{QRX �SHI�QDQWR�

Page 10: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

;;,� 7Ù G~ NDi WµQ O²JRQ� ³ zVWL SUÎWRQ J{QQKPD WRÀ THRÀ� �QHX zSLPL[fDM I�VNHLQ�P�M JHJHQQ¡VTDL� ,KVRÀQ &ULVWµQ WµQ GLG�VNDORQ �PÎQ� NDi WRÀWRQ VWDXUZT{QWDNDi �SRTDQ²QWD NDi �QDVW�QWD �QHOKOXT{QDL HeM WµQ R¹UDQ²Q� R¹ SDU� WR½M SDU¸PlQ OHJRP{QRXM XdR½M WÙ 'Lq NDLQ²Q WL I{URPHQ� � S²VRXM J�U XdR½M I�VNRXVL WRÀ'LµM Rd SDU ¸PlQ WLPÈPHQRL VXJJUDIHlM� zSfVWDVTH� C(UP¡Q P{Q� O²JRQ WµQyUPKQHXWLNµQ NDi S�QWZQ GLG�VNDORQ� $VNOKSLµQ G{� NDi THUDSHXW�Q JHQ²PHQRQ�NHUDXQZT{QWD �QHOKOXT{QDL HeM R¹UDQ²Q� 'L²QXVRQ G~ GLDVSDUDFT{QWD� C+UDNO{D G~IXJ­ S²QZQ yDXWµQ SXUi G²QWD� WR½M zN /�GDM G~ 'LRVNRºURXM� NDi WµQ zN 'DQ�KM3HUV{D� NDi WµQ z[ �QTUÈSZQ G~ zI gSSRX 3KJ�VRX %HOOHURI²QWKQ� � Wf J�UO{JRPHQ W�Q $UL�GQKQ NDi WR½M °PRfZM D¹W­ NDWKVWHUfVTDL OHJRP{QRXM� NDi Wf J�UWR½M �SRTQ�VNRQWDM SDU ¸PlQ D¹WRNU�WRUDM� �Hi �SDTDQDWf]HVTDL �[LRÀQWHM NDi±PQºQWD WLQ� SUR�JHWH yZUDN{QDL zN W¡M SXU�M �QHUF²PHQRQ HeM WµQ R¹UDQµQ WµQNDWDND{QWD .DfVDUD� � NDi °SRlDL yN�VWRX WÎQ OHJRP{QZQ XdÎQ WRÀ 'LµMdVWRURÀQWDL Dd SU�[HLM� SUµM HeG²WDM O{JHLQ R¹N �Q�JNK� SO�Q ³WL HeM GLDIRU�Q NDiSURWURS�Q WÎQ zNSDLGHXRP{QZQ WDÀWD J{JUDSWDL� PLPKW�M J�U THÎQ NDOµQ HnQDLS�QWHM �JRÀQWDL� � �SHfK G~ VZIURQRºVKM \XF¡M }QQRLD WRLDºWK SHUi THÎQ� ÆM NDiD¹WµQ WµQ �JHP²QD NDi JHQQ�WRUD S�QWZQ NDW D¹WR½M 'fD SDWURI²QWKQ WH NDiSDWUµM WRLRºWRX JHJRQ{QDL� }UZWf WH NDNÎQ NDi DeVFUÎQ �GRQÎQ �WWZ JHQ²PHQRQ zSi*DQXP�GKQ NDi W�M SROO�M PRLFHXTHfVDM JXQDlNDM zOTHlQ� NDi WR½M D¹WRÀ SDlGDMW� ³PRLD SU�[DQWDM SDUDG{[DVTDL� � �OO� ÆM SUR{IKPHQ� Rd IDÀORL GDfPRQHM WDÀWD}SUD[DQ� �SDTDQDWf]HVTDL G~ �PHlM P²QRXM GHGLG�JPHTD WR½M °VfZM NDi zQDU{WZMzJJ½M THÙ ELRÀQWDM� NRO�]HVTDL G~ WR½M �GfNZM NDi P� PHWDE�OORQWDM zQ DeZQf-SXUi SLVWHºRPHQ�;;,,� 8dµM G~ THRÀ� ° ,KVRÀM OHJ²PHQRM� He NDi NRLQÎM P²QRQ �QTUZSRM� GL� VRIfDQ�[LRM XdµM THRÀ O{JHVTDL� SDW{UD J�U �QGUÎQ WH THÎQ WH S�QWHM VXJJUDIHlM WµQ THµQNDORÀVLQ� � He G~ NDi eGfZM� SDU� W�Q NRLQ�Q J{QHVLQ� JHJHQQ¡VTDL D¹WµQ zN THRÀO{JRPHQ O²JRQ THRÀ� ÆM SUR{IKPHQ� NRLQµQ WRÀWR }VWZ ¸PlQ WRlM WµQ C(UP¡Q O²JRQWµQ SDU� THRÀ �JJHOWLNµQ O{JRXVLQ� � He G~ DeWL�VDLW² WLM zVWDXUÎVTDL D¹W²Q� NDiWRÀWR NRLQµQ WRlM SURNDWKULTPKP{QRLM SDTRÀVLQ XdRlM NDT ¸P�M WRÀ 'LµM ¸S�UFHL�� zNHfQZQ WH J�U R¹F ³PRLD W� S�TK WRÀ TDQ�WRX �OO� GL�IRUD dVWRUHlWDL� ÉVWHPKG~ Wµ hGLRQ WRÀ S�TRXM �WWRQD GRNHlQ HnQDL WRÀWRQ� �OO� ÆM ¸SHVF²PHTD�SURo²QWRM WRÀ O²JRX NDi NUHfWWRQD �SRGHf[RPHQ� P�OORQ G~ NDi �SRG{GHLNWDL� ° J�UNUHfWWZQ zN WÎQ SU�[HZQ IDfQHWDL� � He G~ NDi GL� SDUT{QRX JHJHQQ¡VTDL I{URPHQ�NRLQµQ NDi WRÀWR SUµM WµQ 3HUV{D }VWZ �PlQ� � Ú G~ O{JRPHQ FZOR½M NDiSDUDOXWLNR½M NDi zN JHQHW¡M SRQKUR½M ¸JLHlM SHSRLKN{QDL D¹WµQ NDi QHNUR½M�QHJHlUDL� ³PRLD WRlM ¸Sµ $VNOKSLRÀ JHJHQ¡VTDL OHJRP{QRLM NDi WD¹W� I�VNHLQG²[RPHQ�;;,,,� t,QD G~ �GK NDi WRÀWR IDQHUµQ ¸PlQ J{QKWDL� ³WL °S²VD O{JRPHQ PDT²QWHM SDU�WRÀ &ULVWRÀ NDi WÎQ SURHOT²QWZQ D¹WRÀ SURIKWÎQ P²QD �OKT¡ zVWL NDi SUHVEºWHUDS�QWZQ JHJHQKP{QZQ VXJJUDI{ZQ� NDi R¹Fi GL� Wµ WD¹W� O{JHLQ D¹WRlMSDUDGHFT¡QDL �[LRÀPHQ� �OO ³WL Wµ �OKT~M O{JRPHQ� � NDi ,KVRÀM &ULVWµM P²QRMeGfZM XdµM WÙ THÙ JHJ{QQKWDL� O²JRM D¹WRÀ ¸S�UFZQ NDi SUZW²WRNRM NDi GºQDPLM�NDi W­ ERXO­ D¹WRÀ JHQ²PHQRM �QTUZSRM WDÀWD �P�M zGfGD[HQ zS �OODJ­ NDizSDQDJZJ­ WRÀ �QTUZSHfRX J{QRXM� � SUiQ   zQ �QTUÈSRLM D¹WµQ JHQ{VTDL �QTUZSRQIT�VDQW{M WLQHM GL� WR½M SURHLUKP{QRXM NDNR½M GDfPRQDM GL� WÎQ SRLKWÎQ ÆM

Page 11: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

JHQ²PHQD HnSRQ � PXTRSRL�VDQWHM }IKVDQ� ¶Q WU²SRQ NDi W� NDT �PÎQ OHJ²PHQDGºVIKPD NDi �VHE¡ }UJD zQ�UJKVDQ� ÏQ R¹GHiM P�UWXM R¹G~ �S²GHL[fM zVWL� WRÀWRQ}OHJFRQ SRLKV²PHTD�;;,9� 3UÎWRQ P~Q ³WL W� ³PRLD WRlM t(OOKVL O{JRQWHM P²QRL PLVRºPHTD GL ´QRPD WRÀ&ULVWRÀ� NDi PKG~Q �GLNRÀQWHM ÆM �PDUWZORi �QDLURºPHTD� �OOZQ �OODFRÀ NDiG{QGUD VHERP{QZQ NDi SRWDPR½M NDi PÀM NDi DeORºURXM NDi NURNRGHfORXM NDi WÎQ�O²JZQ ]ÈZQ W� SROO�� NDi R¹ WÎQ D¹WÎQ ¸Sµ S�QWZQ WLPZP{QZQ �OO� �OOZQ�OODF²VH� ÉVW HnQDL �VHEHlM �OO�ORLM S�QWDM GL� Wµ P� W� D¹W� V{EHLQ� � ³SHUP²QRQ zJNDOHlQ �PlQ }FHWH� ³WL P� WR½M D¹WR½M ¸PlQ V{ERPHQ THRºM� PKG~ WRlM�SRTDQRÀVL FR�M NDi NQfVDM NDi zQ JUDIDlM VWHI�QRXM NDi TXVfDM I{URPHQ� � ³WLJ�U RÂQ W� D¹W� SDU RmM P~Q THRf� SDU RmM G~ TKUfD� SDU RmM G~ dHUHlD QHQRPLVP{QDzVWfQ� �NULEÎM zSfVWDVTH�;;9� 'HºWHURQ G ³WL zN SDQWµM J{QRXM �QTUÈSZQ Rd SDODLRi VHE²PHQRL 'L²QXVRQ WµQ6HP{OKM NDi $S²OOZQD WµQ /KWRpGKQ� Rj GL }UZWDM �UV{QZQ ³VD }SUD[DQ DnVFRMNDi O{JHLQ� NDi Rd 3HUVHI²QKQ NDi $IURGfWKQ� W�M GL� WµQ u$GZQLQ ReVWUKTHfVDM� ÏQNDi W� PXVW�ULD �JHWH�   $VNOKSLµQ � WLQD WÎQ �OOZQ ±QRPD]RP{QZQ THÎQ� NDfSHUTDQ�WRX �SHLORXP{QRX GL� ,KVRÀ &ULVWRÀ WRºWZQ P~Q NDWHIURQ�VDPHQ� � THÙ G~ WÙ�JHQQ�W- NDi �SDTHl yDXWR½M �QHT�NDPHQ� ¶Q R¼WH zS $QWL²SKQ NDi W�M �OODM°PRfZM R¹G~ zSi *DQXP�GKQ GL RnVWURQ zOKOXT{QDL SHLT²PHTD� R¹G~ OXT¡QDLERKTHfDM WXF²QWD GL� 4{WLGRM ¸Sµ WRÀ yNDWRQW�FHLURM zNHfQRX� R¹G~ PHULPQÎQWD GL�WRÀWR WµQ W¡M 4{WLGRM $FLOO{D GL� W�Q SDOODNfGD %ULVKpGD ±O{VDL SROOR½M WÎQC(OO�QZQ� � NDi WR½M SHLTRP{QRXM zOHRÀPHQ� WR½M G~ WRºWZQ DeWfRXM GDfPRQDMJQZUf]RPHQ�;;9,� 7UfWRQ G ³WL NDi PHW� W�Q �Q{OHXVLQ WRÀ &ULVWRÀ HeM R¹UDQµQ SURHE�OORQWR RdGDfPRQHM �QTUÈSRXM WLQ�M O{JRQWDM yDXWR½M HnQDL THRºM� Rj R¹ P²QRQ R¹NzGLÈFTKVDQ ¸I ¸PÎQ� �OO� NDi WLPÎQ NDWK[LÈTKVDQ � 6fPZQD P{Q WLQD 6DPDU{D�WµQ �Sµ NÈPKM OHJRP{QKM *fWTZQ� ¶M zSi .ODXGfRX .DfVDURM GL� W¡M WÎQzQHUJRºQWZQ GDLP²QZQ W{FQKM GXQ�PHLM SRL�VDM PDJLN�M zQ W­ S²OHL ¸PÎQ EDVLOfGLC5ÈP9 THµM zQRPfVTK NDi �QGUL�QWL SDU ¸PÎQ ÆM THµM WHWfPKWDL� ¶M �QGUL�M�QHJ�JHUWDL zQ WÙ 7fEHUL SRWDPÙ PHWD[½ WÎQ GºR JHIXUÎQ� }FZQ zSLJUDI�QC5ZPDoN�Q WDºWKQ� 6fPZQL GHZV�JNW-� � NDi VFHGµQ S�QWHM P~Q 6DPDUHlM� ±OfJRL G~NDi zQ �OORLM }TQHVLQ� ÆM WµQ SUÎWRQ THµQ zNHlQRQ °PRORJRÀQWHM zNHlQRQ NDiSURVNXQRÀVL� NDi C(O{QKQ WLQ�� W�Q SHULQRVW�VDVDQ D¹WÙ NDW zNHlQR WRÀ NDLURÀ�SU²WHURQ zSi W{JRXM VWDTHlVDQ� W�Q ¸S D¹WRÀ }QQRLDQ SUÈWKQ JHQRP{QKQ O{JRXVL��0{QDQGURQ G{ WLQD� NDi D¹WµQ 6DPDU{D� WµQ �Sµ NÈPKM .DSSDUHWDfDM� JHQ²PHQRQPDTKW�Q WRÀ 6fPZQRM� zQHUJKT{QWD NDi ¸Sµ WÎQ GDLPRQfZQ NDi zQ $QWLRFHfYJHQ²PHQRQ SROOR½M z[DSDW¡VDL GL� PDJLN¡M W{FQKM RhGDPHQ� ¶M NDi WR½M D¹WÙySRP{QRXM ÆM PKG~ �SRTQ�VNRLHQ }SHLVH� NDi QÀQ HeVf WLQHM �S zNHfQRX WRÀWR°PRORJRÀQWHM� �0DUNfZQD G{ WLQD 3RQWLN²Q� ¶M NDi QÀQ }WL zVWi GLG�VNZQ WR½MSHLTRP{QRXM� �OORQ WLQ� QRPf]HLQ PHf]RQD WRÀ GKPLRXUJRÀ TH²Q� ¶M NDW� S�Q J{QRM�QTUÈSZQ GL� W¡M WÎQ GDLP²QZQ VXOO�\HZM SROOR½M SHSRfKNH EODVIKPfDM O{JHLQNDi �UQHlVTDL WµQ SRLKW�Q WRÀGH WRÀ SDQWµM TH²Q� �OORQ G{ WLQD� ÆM ´QWD PHf]RQD�W� PHf]RQD SDU� WRÀWRQ °PRORJHlQ SHSRLKN{QDL� � S�QWHM Rd �Sµ WRºWZQ °UPÈPHQRL�

Page 12: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

ÆM }IKPHQ� &ULVWLDQRi NDORÀQWDL� ¶Q WU²SRQ NDi Rd R¹ NRLQZQRÀQWHM WÎQ D¹WÎQGRJP�WZQ WRlM ILORV²IRLM Wµ zSLNDWKJRURºPHQRQ ´QRPD W¡M ILORVRIfDM NRLQµQ}FRXVLQ� � He G~ NDi W� GºVIKPD zNHlQD PXTRORJRºPHQD }UJD SU�WWRXVL� OXFQfDMP~Q �QDWURS�Q NDi W�M �Q{GKQ Pf[HLM NDi �QTUZSHfZQ VDUNÎQ ERU�M� R¹ JLQÈVNRPHQ��OO ³WL P� GLÈNRQWDL PKG~ IRQHºRQWDL ¸I ¸PÎQ� N�Q GL� W� G²JPDWD� zSLVW�PHTD�� }VWL G~ �PlQ NDi VºQWDJPD NDW� SDVÎQ WÎQ JHJHQKP{QZQ DdU{VHZQVXQWHWDJP{QRQ� Ú He ERºOHVTH zQWXFHlQ� GÈVRPHQ�;;9,,� C+PHlM G{� gQD PKG{QD GLÈNZPHQ PKG~ �VHEÎPHQ� zNWLT{QDL NDi W� JHQQÈPHQDSRQKUÎQ HnQDL GHGLG�JPHTD� SUÎWRQ P~Q ³WL WR½M S�QWDM VFHGµQ °UÎPHQ zSi SRUQHfYSUR�JRQWDM� R¹ P²QRQ W�M N²UDM �OO� NDi WR½M �UVHQDM� NDi ¶Q WU²SRQ O{JRQWDL RdSDODLRi �J{ODM ERÎQ   DeJÎQ   SURE�WZQ WU{IHLQ   gSSZQ IRUE�GZQ� R»WZ QÀQSDlGDM HeM Wµ DeVFUÎM FU¡VTDL P²QRQ� NDi °PRfZM TKOHLÎQ NDi �QGURJºQZQ NDi�UUKWRSRLÎQ SO¡TRM NDW� S�Q }TQRM zSi WRºWRX WRÀ �JRXM |VWKNH� � NDi WRºWZQPLVTR½M NDi HeVIRU�M NDi W{OK ODPE�QHWH G{RQ zNN²\DL �Sµ W¡M ¸PHW{UDMReNRXP{QKM� � NDi WÎQ WRºWRLM FUZP{QZQ WLM SUµM W­ �T{- NDi �VHEHl NDi �NUDWHlPf[HL� He WºFRL� W{NQ-   VXJJHQHl   �GHOIÙ PfJQXWDL� � Rd G~ NDi W� yDXWÎQ W{NQDNDi W�M °PR]ºJRXM SURDJZJHºRQWDL� NDi IDQHUÎM HeM NLQDLGfDQ �SRN²SWRQWDf WLQHMNDi HeM PKW{UD THÎQ W� PXVW�ULD �QDI{URXVL� NDi SDU� SDQWi WÎQ QRPL]RP{QZQ SDU¸PlQ THÙ ´ILM VºPERORQ P{JD NDi PXVW�ULRQ �QDJU�IHWDL� � NDi W� IDQHUÎM ¸PlQSUDWW²PHQD NDi WLPÈPHQD ÆM �QDWHWUDPP{QRX NDi R¹ SDU²QWRM IZWµM THfRX �PlQSURVJU�IHWH� ³SHU �SKOODJP{QRLM �PlQ WRÀ SU�WWHLQ WL WRºWZQ R¹ EO�EKQ I{UHL��OO� WRlM SU�WWRXVL NDi \HXGRPDUWXURÀVL P�OORQ�;;9,,,� 3DU �PlQ P~Q J�U ° �UFKJ{WKM WÎQ NDNÎQ GDLP²QZQ ´ILM NDOHlWDL NDiVDWDQ�M NDi GL�ERORM� ÆM NDi zN WÎQ �PHW{UZQ VXJJUDPP�WZQ zUHXQ�VDQWHM PDTHlQGºQDVTH� ¶Q HeM Wµ SÀU SHPIT�VHVTDL PHW� W¡M D¹WRÀ VWUDWL�M NDi WÎQ ySRP{QZQ�QTUÈSZQ NRODVTKVRP{QRXM WµQ �S{UDQWRQ DeÎQD� SURHP�QXVHQ ° &ULVW²M� � NDiJ�U � zSLPRQ� WRÀ PKG{SZ WRÀWR SU�[DL WµQ THµQ GL� Wµ �QTUÈSLQRQ J{QRM JHJ{QKWDL�SURJLQÈVNHL J�U WLQDM zN PHWDQRfDM VZT�VHVTDL P{OORQWDM NDf WLQDM PKG{SZ hVZMJHQQKT{QWDM� � NDi W�Q �UF�Q QRHUµQ NDi GXQ�PHQRQ DdUHlVTDL W�OKT¡ NDi HÂSU�WWHLQ Wµ J{QRM Wµ �QTUÈSLQRQ SHSRfKNHQ� ÉVW �QDSRO²JKWRQ HnQDL WRlM S�VLQ�QTUÈSRLM SDU� WÙ THÙ� ORJLNRi J�U NDi THZUKWLNRi JHJ{QKQWDL� � He G{ WLM �SLVWHlP{OHLQ WRºWZQ WÙ THÙ�   P� HnQDL D¹WµQ GL� W{FQKM °PRORJ�VHL�   ´QWD FDfUHLQNDNfY I�VHL   OfT- zRLN²WD P{QHLQ� NDi PKG~Q HnQDL �UHW�Q PKG~ NDNfDQ� G²[9 G~P²QRQ WR½M �QTUÈSRXM   �JDT�   NDN� WDÀWD �JHlVTDL� �SHU PHJfVWK �V{EHLD NDi�GLNfD zVWf�;;,;� .Di S�OLQ� P� WÎQ zNWHT{QWZQ WLM P� �QDOKITHiM TDQDWZT­� NDi ÐPHQ�QGURI²QRL� �OO   W�Q �UF�Q R¹N zJDPRÀPHQ He P� zSi SDfGZQ �QDWURI­�  SDUDLWRºPHQRL Wµ J�PDVTDL W{OHRQ zQHNUDWHX²PHTD� � NDi �GK WLM WÎQ �PHW{UZQ�¸S~U WRÀ SHlVDL ¸P�M ³WL R¹N }VWLQ �PlQ PXVW�ULRQ � �Q{GKQ Pf[LM� ELEOfGLRQ�Q{GZNHQ zQ $OH[DQGUHfY )�OLNL �JHPRQHºRQWL �[LÎQ zSLWU{\DL eDWUÙ WR½MGLGºPRXM D¹WRÀ �IHOHlQ� �QHX J�U W¡M WRÀ �JHP²QRM zSLWURS¡M WRÀWR SU�WWHLQ�SHLU¡VTDL Rd zNHl eDWURi }OHJRQ� � NDi PKG ³OZM ERXOKT{QWRM )�OLNRM ¸SRJU�\DL�zI yDXWRÀ PHfQDM ° QHDQfVNRM �UN{VTK W­ yDXWRÀ NDi WÎQ °PRJQZP²QZQ VXQHLG�VHL�

Page 13: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

� R¹N �WRSRQ G~ zSLPQKVT¡QDL zQ WRºWRLM �JKV�PHTD NDi $QWLQ²RX WRÀ QÀQJHJHQKP{QRX� ¶Q NDi S�QWHM ÆM THµQ GL� I²ERX V{EHLQ ÉUPKQWR� zSLVW�PHQRL WfM WH £QNDi S²THQ ¸S¡UFHQ�;;;� t2SZM G~ P� WLM HhS9 �QWLWLTHiM �PlQ� Wf NZOºHL NDi WµQ SDU �PlQ OHJ²PHQRQ&ULVW²Q� �QTUZSRQ z[ �QTUÈSZQ ´QWD� PDJLN­ W{FQK �M O{JRPHQ GXQ�PHLMSHSRLKN{QDL NDi G²[DL GL� WRÀWR XdµQ THRÀ HnQDL� W�Q �S²GHL[LQ �GK SRLKV²PHTD� R¹WRlM O{JRXVL SLVWHºRQWHM� �OO� WRlM SURIKWHºRXVL SUiQ   JHQ{VTDL NDW �Q�JNKQSHLT²PHQRL� GL� Wµ NDi ´\HL ÆM SURHIKWHºTK °U�Q JHQ²PHQD NDi JLQ²PHQD� �SHUPHJfVWK NDi �OKTHVW�WK �S²GHL[LM NDi ¸PlQ� ÆM QRPf]RPHQ� IDQ�VHWDL�;;;,� u$QTUZSRL RÂQ WLQHM zQ ,RXGDfRLM JHJ{QKQWDL THRÀ SURI¡WDL� GL ÏQ WµSURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD SURHN�UX[H W� JHQ�VHVTDL P{OORQWD SUiQ   JHQ{VTDL� NDiWRºWZQ Rd zQ ,RXGDfRLM NDW� NDLUR½M JHQ²PHQRL EDVLOHlM W�M SURIKWHfDM� ÆMzO{FTKVDQ ³WH SURHIKWHºRQWR� W­ eGfY D¹WÎQ C(EUDpGL IZQ­ zQ ELEOfRLM ¸S D¹WÎQWÎQ SURIKWÎQ VXQWHWDJP{QDM NWÈPHQRL SHULHlSRQ� � ³WH G~ 3WROHPDlRM� °$eJXSWfZQ EDVLOHºM� ELEOLRT�NKQ NDWHVNHºD]H NDi W� S�QWZQ �QTUÈSZQVXJJU�PPDWD VXQ�JHLQ zSHLU�TK� SXT²PHQRM NDi SHUi WÎQ SURIKWHLÎQ WRºWZQ�SURV{SHP\H WÙ WÎQ ,RXGDfZQ W²WH EDVLOHºRQWL C+UÈG9 �[LÎQ GLDSHPIT¡QDL D¹WÙW�M EfEORXM WÎQ SURIKWHLÎQ� � NDi ° P~Q EDVLOH½M C+UÈGKM W­ SURHLUKP{Q9 C(EUDpGLD¹WÎQ IZQ­ JHJUDPP{QDM GLHS{P\DWR� � zSHLG� G~ R¹N £Q JQÈULPD W� zQ D¹WDlMJHJUDPP{QD WRlM $eJXSWfRLM� S�OLQ D¹WµQ �[fZVH S{P\DM WR½M PHWDEDORÀQWDMD¹W�M HeM W�Q C(OO�GD IZQ�Q �QTUÈSRXM �SRVWHlODL� � NDi WRºWRX JHQRP{QRX}PHLQDQ Dd EfEORL NDi SDU $eJXSWfRLM P{FUL WRÀ GHÀUR� NDi SDQWDFRÀ SDU� S�VfQHeVLQ ,RXGDfRLM� Rj NDi �QDJLQÈVNRQWHM R¹ VXQL�VL W� HeUKP{QD� �OO zFTUR½M �P�MNDi SROHPfRXM �JRÀQWDL� °PRfZM ¸PlQ �QDLURÀQWHM NDi NRO�]RQWHM �P�M °S²WDQGºQZQWDL� ÆM NDi SHLVT¡QDL GºQDVTH� � NDi J�U zQ WÙ QÀQ JHJHQKP{Q- ,RXGDoNÙSRO{P- %DUFZF{EDM ° W¡M ,RXGDfZQ �SRVW�VHZM �UFKJ{WKM� &ULVWLDQR½M P²QRXMHeM WLPZUfDM GHLQ�M� He P� �UQRlQWR ,KVRÀQ WµQ &ULVWµQ NDi EODVIKPRlHQ� zN{OHXHQ�S�JHVTDL� � zQ G� WDlM WÎQ SURIKWÎQ EfEORLM H»URPHQ SURNKUXVV²PHQRQSDUDJLQ²PHQRQ� JHQQÈPHQRQ GL� SDUT{QRX� NDi �QGURºPHQRQ� NDi THUDSHºRQWD S�VDQQ²VRQ NDi S�VDQ PDODNfDQ NDi QHNUR½M �QHJHfURQWD� NDi ITRQRºPHQRQ NDi�JQRRºPHQRQ NDi VWDXURºPHQRQ ,KVRÀQ WµQ �P{WHURQ &ULVW²Q� NDi �SRTQ�VNRQWDNDi �QHJHLU²PHQRQ NDi HeM R¹UDQR½M �QHUF²PHQRQ� NDi XdµQ THRÀ ´QWD NDiNHNOKP{QRQ� NDf WLQDM SHPSRP{QRXM ¸S D¹WRÀ HeM S�Q J{QRM �QTUÈSZQ NKUº[RQWDMWDÀWD� NDi WR½M z[ zTQÎQ �QTUÈSRXM P�OORQ D¹WÙ SLVWHºHLQ� � SURHIKWHºTK G{� SUiQ  IDQ¡QDL D¹W²Q� }WHVL SRW~ P~Q SHQWDNLVFLOfRLM� SRW~ G~ WULVFLOfRLM� SRW~ G~GLVFLOfRLM� NDi S�OLQ FLOfRLM NDi �OORWH ±NWDNRVfRLM� NDW� J�U W�M GLDGRF�M WÎQJHQÎQ |WHURL NDi |WHURL zJ{QRQWR SURI¡WDL�;;;,,�0ZXV¡M P~Q RÂQ� SUÎWRM WÎQ SURIKWÎQ JHQ²PHQRM� HnSHQ D¹WROH[Hi R»WZM� 2¹NzNOHf\HL �UFZQ z[ ,RºGD R¹G~ �JRºPHQRM zN WÎQ PKUÎQ D¹WRÀ� |ZM �Q }OT9 Ú�S²NHLWDL� NDi D¹WµM }VWDL SURVGRNfD zTQÎQ� GHVPHºZQ SUµM �PSHORQ WµQ SÎORQD¹WRÀ� SOºQZQ zQ DgPDWL VWDIXO¡M W�Q VWRO�Q D¹WRÀ� � ¸P{WHURQ RÂQ zVWLQ �NULEÎMz[HW�VDL NDi PDTHlQ� P{FUL WfQRM £Q �UFZQ NDi EDVLOH½M zQ ,RXGDfRLM hGLRM D¹WÎQ�P{FUL W¡M IDQHUÈVHZM ,KVRÀ &ULVWRÀ� WRÀ �PHW{URX GLGDVN�ORX NDi WÎQ

Page 14: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

�JQRRXP{QZQ SURIKWHLÎQ z[KJKWRÀ� ÆM SURHUU{TK ¸Sµ WRÀ THfRX �JfRX SURIKWLNRÀSQHºPDWRM GL� WRÀ 0ZXV{ZM P� zNOHf\HLQ �UFRQWD �Sµ ,RXGDfZQ� |ZM �Q }OT9 Ú�S²NHLWDL Wµ EDVfOHLRQ� � ,RºGDM J�U SURS�WZU ,RXGDfZQ� �I RÁ NDi Wµ ,RXGDlRLNDOHlVTDL zVF�NDVL� NDi ¸PHlM PHW� W�Q JHQRP{QKQ D¹WRÀ IDQ{UZVLQ NDi ,RXGDfZQzEDVLOHºVDWH NDi W¡M zNHfQZQ S�VKM J¡M zNUDW�VDWH� � Wµ G~ $¹WµM }VWDLSURVGRNfD zTQÎQ PKQXWLNµQ £Q ³WL zN S�QWZQ WÎQ zTQÎQ SURVGRN�VRXVLQ D¹WµQS�OLQ SDUDJHQKV²PHQRQ� ³SHU ´\HL ¸PlQ S�UHVWLQ eGHlQ NDi }UJ- SHLVT¡QDL� zNS�QWZQ J�U JHQÎQ �QTUÈSZQ SURVGRNÎVL WµQ zQ ,RXGDfY VWDXUZT{QWD� PHT ¶Q H¹T½MGRUL�OZWRM ¸PlQ � J¡ ,RXGDfZQ SDUHG²TK� � Wµ G~ 'HVPHºZQ SUµM �PSHORQ WµQSÎORQ D¹WRÀ NDi SOºQZQ W�Q VWRO�Q D¹WRÀ zQ DgPDWL VWDIXO¡M VºPERORQGKOZWLNµQ £Q WÎQ JHQKVRP{QZQ WÙ &ULVWÙ NDi WÎQ ¸S D¹WRÀ SUDFTKVRP{QZQ�� SÎORM J�U WLM ´QRX HdVW�NHL }Q WLQL HeV²G- NÈPKM SUµM �PSHORQ GHGHP{QRM� ¶QzN{OHXVHQ �JDJHlQ D¹WÙ W²WH WR½M JQZUfPRXM D¹WRÀ� NDi �FT{QWRM zSLE�M zN�TLVHNDi HeVHO�OXTHQ HeM W� ,HURV²OXPD� }QTD Wµ P{JLVWRQ dHUµQ £Q ,RXGDfZQ� ¶ ¸I ¸PÎQ»VWHURQ NDWHVWU�IK� NDi PHW� WDÀWD zVWDXUÈTK� ³SZM Wµ OHlSRQ W¡M SURIKWHfDMVXQWHOHVT­� � Wµ J�U 3OºQZQ W�Q VWRO�Q D¹WRÀ zQ DgPDWL VWDIXO¡M SURDJJHOWLNµQ£Q WRÀ S�TRXM RÁ S�VFHLQ }PHOOH� GL DgPDWRM NDTDfUZQ WR½M SLVWHºRQWDM D¹WÙ� � �J�U NHNOKP{QK ¸Sµ WRÀ THfRX SQHºPDWRM GL� WRÀ SURI�WRX VWRO� Rd SLVWHºRQWHMD¹WÙ HeVLQ �QTUZSRL� zQ RmM ReNHl Wµ SDU� WRÀ THRÀ VS{UPD� ° O²JRM� � Wµ G~HeUKP{QRQ $mPD W¡M VWDIXO¡M VKPDQWLNµQ WRÀ }FHLQ P~Q DmPD WµQ IDQKV²PHQRQ��OO R¹N z[ �QTUZSHfRX VS{UPDWRM �OO zN THfDM GXQ�PHZM� �� � G~ SUÈWK GºQDPLMPHW� WµQ SDW{UD S�QWZQ NDi GHVS²WKQ THµQ NDi XdµM ° O²JRM zVWfQ� ¶M WfQD WU²SRQVDUNRSRLKTHiM �QTUZSRM J{JRQHQ� zQ WRlM y[¡M zURÀPHQ� �� ¶Q WU²SRQ J�U Wµ W¡M�PS{ORX DmPD R¹N �QTUZSRM SHSRfKNHQ �OO ° TH²M� R»WZM NDi WRÀWR zPKQºHWR R¹Nz[ �QTUZSHfRX VS{UPDWRM JHQ�VHVTDL Wµ DmPD �OO zN GXQ�PHZM THRÀ� ÆM SUR{IKPHQ��� NDi +VDfDM G{� �OORM SURI�WKM� W� D¹W� GL �OOZQ ��VHZQ SURIKWHºZQ R»WZMHnSHQ� $QDWHOHl �VWURQ z[ ,DNÈE� NDi �QTRM �QDE�VHWDL �Sµ W¡M �f]KM ,HVVDf� NDizSi WµQ EUDFfRQD D¹WRÀ }TQK zOSLRÀVLQ� �� �VWURQ G~ IZWHLQµQ �Q{WHLOH� NDi �QTRM�Q{EK �Sµ W¡M �f]KM ,HVVDf� RÁWRM ° &ULVW²M� �� GL� J�U SDUT{QRX W¡M �Sµ WRÀVS{UPDWRM ,DNÈE� WRÀ JHQRP{QRX SDWUµM ,RºGD� WRÀ GHGKOZP{QRX ,RXGDfZQ SDWU²M�GL� GXQ�PHZM THRÀ �SHNX�TK� NDi ,HVVDi SURS�WZU P~Q NDW� Wµ O²JLRQ JHJ{QKWDL�WRÀ G~ ,DNËE NDi WRÀ ,RºGD NDW� J{QRXM GLDGRF�Q XdµM ¸S¡UFHQ�;;;,,,� .Di S�OLQ ÆM D¹WROH[Hi GL� SDUT{QRX P~Q WHFTKV²PHQRM GL� WRÀ +VDfRXSURHIKWHºTK� �NRºVDWH� (O{FTK G~ R»WZM� ,GR½ � SDUT{QRM zQ JDVWUi |[HL NDiW{[HWDL Xd²Q� NDi zURÀVLQ zSi WÙ ±Q²PDWL D¹WRÀ 0HT �PÎQ ° TH²M� � � J�U £Q �SLVWDNDi �GºQDWD QRPL]²PHQD SDU� WRlM �QTUÈSRLM JHQ�VHVTDL� WDÀWD ° THµM SURHP�QXVHGL� WRÀ SURIKWLNRÀ SQHºPDWRM P{OOHLQ JfQHVTDL� gQ ³WDQ J{QKWDL P� �SLVWKT­� �OOzN WRÀ SURHLU¡VTDL SLVWHXT­� � ³SZM G{ WLQHM P� QR�VDQWHM W�Q GHGKOZP{QKQSURIKWHfDQ� zJNDO{VZVLQ �PlQ �SHU zQHNDO{VDPHQ WRlM SRLKWDlM� HeSRÀVLQ�IURGLVfZQ F�ULQ zOKOXT{QDL zSi JXQDlNDM WµQ 'fD� GLDVDI¡VDL WR½M O²JRXMSHLUDV²PHTD� � Wµ RÂQ ,GR½ � SDUT{QRM zQ JDVWUi |[HL VKPDfQHL R¹VXQRXVLDVTHlVDQ W�Q SDUT{QRQ VXOODEHlQ� He J�U zVXQRXVL�VTK ¸Sµ °WRXRÀQ� R¹N}WL £Q SDUT{QRM� �OO� GºQDPLM THRÀ zSHOTRÀVD W­ SDUT{Q- zSHVNfDVHQ D¹W�Q� NDiNXRIRU¡VDL SDUT{QRQ RÂVDQ SHSRfKNH� � NDi ° �SRVWDOHiM G~ SUµM D¹W�Q W�QSDUT{QRQ NDW zNHlQR WRÀ NDLURÀ �JJHORM THRÀ H¹KJJHOfVDWR D¹W�Q HeSÈQ� ,GR½VXOO�\9 zQ JDVWUi zN SQHºPDWRM �JfRX NDi W{[9 Xd²Q� NDi XdµM ¸\fVWRXNOKT�VHWDL� NDi NDO{VHLM Wµ ´QRPD D¹WRÀ ,KVRÀQ� D¹WµM J�U VÈVHL WµQ ODµQ D¹WRÀ�Sµ WÎQ �PDUWLÎQ D¹WÎQ� ÆM Rd �SRPQKPRQHºVDQWHM S�QWD W� SHUi WRÀ VZW¡URM�PÎQ ,KVRÀ &ULVWRÀ zGfGD[DQ� RmM zSLVWHºVDPHQ� zSHLG� NDi GL� +VDfRX WRÀSURGHGKOZP{QRX Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD WRÀWRQ JHQQKV²PHQRQ� ÆM SURHPKQºRPHQ� }IK�

Page 15: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

� Wµ SQHÀPD RÂQ NDi W�Q GºQDPLQ W�Q SDU� WRÀ THRÀ R¹G~Q �OOR QR¡VDL T{PLM   WµQO²JRQ� ¶M NDi SUZW²WRNRM WÙ THÙ zVWL 0ZXV¡M ° SURGHGKOZP{QRM SURI�WKM zP�QXVH�NDi WRÀWR zOTµQ zSi W�Q SDUT{QRQ NDi zSLVNL�VDQ R¹ GL� VXQRXVfDM �OO� GL�GXQ�PHZM zJNºPRQD NDW{VWKVH� � Wµ G~ ,KVRÀM� ´QRPD W­ C(EUDpGL IZQ­� VZW�U W­C(OOKQfGL GLDO{NW- GKORl� � ³THQ NDi ° �JJHORM SUµM W�Q SDUT{QRQ HnSH� .DiNDO{VHLM Wµ ´QRPD D¹WRÀ ,KVRÀQ� D¹WµM J�U VÈVHL WµQ ODµQ D¹WRÀ �Sµ WÎQ�PDUWLÎQ D¹WÎQ� � ³WL G~ R¹GHQi �OO- THRIRURÀQWDL Rd SURIKWHºRQWHM He P� O²J-THf-� NDi ¸PHlM� ÆM ¸SRODPE�QZ� I�VHWH�;;;,9� t2SRX G~ NDi W¡M J¡M JHQQ�VTDL }PHOOHQ� ÆM SURHlSHQ |WHURM SURI�WKM °0LFDfDM� �NRºVDWH� }IK G~ R»WZM� .Di V½ %KTOH{P� J¡ ,RºGD� R¹GDPÎM zODFfVWK HnzQ WRlM �JHP²VLQ ,RºGD� zN VRÀ J�U z[HOHºVHWDL �JRºPHQRM� ³VWLM SRLPDQHl WµQ OD²QPRX� � NÈPK G{ WfM zVWLQ zQ W­ FÈUY ,RXGDfZQ� �S{FRXVD VWDGfRXM WUL�NRQWD S{QWH,HURVROºPZQ� zQ ® zJHQQ�TK ,KVRÀM &ULVW²M� ÆM NDi PDTHlQ GºQDVTH zN WÎQ�SRJUDIÎQ WÎQ JHQRP{QZQ zSi .XUKQfRX� WRÀ ¸PHW{URX zQ ,RXGDfY SUÈWRXJHQRP{QRX zSLWU²SRX�;;;9� C:M G~ NDi O�VHLQ }PHOOH WR½M �OORXM �QTUÈSRXM JHQQKTHiM ° &ULVWµM �FULM�QGUZT­� ³SHU NDi J{JRQHQ� �NRºVDWH WÎQ SURHLUKP{QZQ HeM WRÀWR� � }VWL G~ WDÀWD�3DLGfRQ zJHQQ�TK �PlQ� NDi QHDQfVNRM �PlQ �SHG²TK� RÁ � �UF� zSi WÎQ ÊPZQ�PKQXWLNµQ W¡M GXQ�PHZM WRÀ VWDXURÀ� Ú SURV{TKNH WR½M ÊPRXM VWDXUZTHfM� ÆMSURo²QWRM WRÀ O²JRX VDI{VWHURQ GHLFT�VHWDL� � NDi S�OLQ ° D¹WµM SURI�WKM+VDfDM THRIRURºPHQRM WÙ SQHºPDWL WÙ SURIKWLNÙ }IK� (JË z[HS{WDVD W�M FHlU�MPRX zSi ODµQ �SHLTRÀQWD NDi �QWLO{JRQWD� zSi WR½M SRUHXRP{QRXM zQ °GÙ R¹ NDO­�� DeWRÀVf PH QÀQ NUfVLQ NDi zJJf]HLQ THÙ WROPÎVLQ� � NDi S�OLQ zQ �OORLM O²JRLM GLyW{URX SURI�WRX O{JHL� $¹WRi ÊUX[�Q PRX S²GDM NDi FHlUDM� NDi }EDORQ NO¡URQ zSiWµQ dPDWLVP²Q PRX� � NDi ° P~Q 'DXHiG ° EDVLOH½M NDi SURI�WKM� ° HeSËQ WDÀWD�R¹G~Q WRºWZQ }SDTHQ� ,KVRÀM G~ &ULVWµM z[HW�TK W�M FHlUDM� VWDXUZTHiM ¸Sµ WÎQ,RXGDfZQ �QWLOHJ²QWZQ D¹WÙ NDi IDVN²QWZQ P� HnQDL D¹WµQ &ULVW²Q� NDi J�U� ÆMHnSHQ ° SURI�WKM� GLDVºURQWHM D¹WµQ zN�TLVDQ zSi E�PDWRM NDi HnSRQ� .UlQRQ �PlQ�� Wµ G~ u:UX[�Q PRX FHlUDM NDi S²GDM z[�JKVLM WÎQ zQ WÙ VWDXUÙ SDJ{QWZQ zQ WDlMFHUVi NDi WRlM SRViQ D¹WRÀ �OZQ £Q� � NDi PHW� Wµ VWDXUÎVDL D¹WµQ }EDORQ NO¡URQzSi WµQ dPDWLVPµQ D¹WRÀ� NDi zPHUfVDQWR yDXWRlM Rd VWDXUÈVDQWHM D¹W²Q� � NDiWDÀWD ³WL J{JRQH� GºQDVTH PDTHlQ zN WÎQ zSi 3RQWfRX 3LO�WRX JHQRP{QZQ �NWZQ��� NDi ³WL �KWÎM NDTHVTKV²PHQRM zSi SÎORQ ´QRX NDi HeVHOHXV²PHQRM HeM W�,HURV²OXPD SURHIKWHºHWR� yW{URX SURI�WRX WRÀ 6RIRQfRX W�M W¡M SURIKWHfDM O{[HLMzURÀPHQ� �� HeVi G~ DÁWDL� &DlUH VI²GUD� TºJDWHU 6LÈQ� N�UXVVH� TºJDWHU,HURXVDO�P� eGR½ ° EDVLOHºM VRX }UFHWDf VRL SU�RM� zSLEHEKNËM zSi SÎORQ ´QRQXdµQ ¸SR]XJfRX�;;;9,� t2WDQ G~ W�M O{[HLM WÎQ SURIKWÎQ OHJRP{QDM ÆM �Sµ SURVÈSRX �NRºKWH� P� �SD¹WÎQ WÎQ zPSHSQHXVP{QZQ O{JHVTDL QRPfVKWH� �OO �Sµ WRÀ NLQRÀQWRM D¹WR½MTHfRX O²JRX� � SRW~ P~Q J�U ÆM SURDJJHOWLNµM W� P{OORQWD JHQ�VHVTDL O{JHL� SRW~G ÆM �Sµ SURVÈSRX WRÀ GHVS²WRX S�QWZQ NDi SDWUµM THRÀ IT{JJHWDL� SRW~ G~ ÆM �SµSURVÈSRX WRÀ &ULVWRÀ� SRW~ G~ ÆM �Sµ SURVÈSRX ODÎQ �SRNULQRP{QZQ WÙ NXUf-  WÙ SDWUi D¹WRÀ� °SRlRQ NDi zSi WÎQ SDU ¸PlQ VXJJUDI{ZQ eGHlQ }VWLQ� |QD P~Q WµQ

Page 16: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

W� S�QWD VXJJU�IRQWD ´QWD� SU²VZSD G~ W� GLDOHJ²PHQD SDUDI{URQWD� � ³SHU P�QR�VDQWHM Rd }FRQWHM W�M EfEORXM WÎQ SURIKWÎQ ,RXGDlRL R¹N zJQÈULVDQ R¹G~SDUDJHQ²PHQRQ WµQ &ULVW²Q� �OO� NDi �P�M WR½M O{JRQWDM SDUDJHJHQ¡VTDL D¹WµQNDf� ÆM SURHNHN�UXNWR� �SRGHLNQºQWDM zVWDXUÎVTDL ¸S D¹WÎQ PLVRÀVLQ�;;;9,,� t,QD G~ NDi WRÀWR ¸PlQ IDQHUµQ J{QKWDL� �Sµ SURVÈSRX WRÀ SDWUµM zO{FTKVDQGL� +VDfRX WRÀ SURHLUKP{QRX SURI�WRX RgGH Rd O²JRL� u(JQZ ERÀM WµQ NWKV�PHQRQNDi ´QRM W�Q I�WQKQ WRÀ NXUfRX D¹WRÀ� ,VUD�O G{ PH R¹N }JQZ NDi ° OD²M PRX R¹VXQ¡NHQ� � R¹Di }TQRM �PDUWZO²Q� ODµM SO�UKM �PDUWLÎQ� VS{UPD SRQKU²Q� XdRi�QRPRL� zJNDWHOfSDWH WµQ NºULRQ� � NDi S�OLQ �OODFRÀ� ³WDQ O{J9 ° D¹WµM SURI�WKM°PRfZM �Sµ WRÀ SDWU²M� 3Rl²Q PRL RnNRQ ReNRGRP�VHWH� O{JHL NºULRM� � ° R¹UDQ²M PRLTU²QRM� NDi � J¡ ¸SRS²GLRQ WÎQ SRGÎQ PRX� � NDi S�OLQ �OODFRÀ� 7�M QRXPKQfDM¸PÎQ NDi W� V�EEDWD PLVHl � \XF� PRX� NDi PHJ�OKQ �P{UDQ QKVWHfDM NDi �UJfDQR¹N �Q{FRPDL� R¹G� �Q }UFKVTH ±IT¡QDf PRL� HeVDNRºVRPDL ¸PÎQ� � SO�UHLM DgPDWRMDd FHlUHM ¸PÎQ� � N�Q I{UKWH VHPfGDOLQ� TXPfDPD� EG{OXJP� PRf zVWL� VW{DU �UQÎQNDi DmPD WDºUZQ R¹ ERºORPDL� � WfM J�U z[H]�WKVH WDÀWD zN WÎQ FHLUÎQ ¸PÎQ� �OO�GL�OXH S�QWD VºQGHVPRQ �GLNfDM� GL�VSD VWUDJJDOL�M ELDfZQ VXQDOODJP�WZQ��VWHJRQ NDi JXPQµQ VN{SH� GL�TUXSWH SHLQÎQWL WµQ �UWRQ VRX� � °SRlD P~Q RÂQ zVWLNDi W� GLGDVN²PHQD GL� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ �Sµ WRÀ THRÀ� QRHlQ GºQDVTH�;;;9,,,� t2WDQ G~ �Sµ SURVÈSRX WRÀ &ULVWRÀ O{J9 Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD� R»WZMIT{JJHWDL� (JË z[HS{WDVD W�M FHlU�M PRX zSi ODµQ �SHLTRÀQWD NDi �QWLO{JRQWD�zSi WR½M SRUHXRP{QRXM zQ °GÙ R¹ NDO­� � NDi S�OLQ� 7µQ QÎW²Q PRX W{THLND HeMP�VWLJDM NDi W�M VLDJ²QDM PRX HeM �DSfVPDWD� Wµ G~ SU²VZS²Q PRX R¹N �S{VWUH\D�Sµ DeVFºQKM zPSWXVP�WZQ� � NDi ° NºULRM ERKT²M PRX zJ{QHWR� GL� WRÀWR R¹NzQHWU�SKQ� �OO }TKND Wµ SU²VZS²Q PRX ÆM VWHUH�Q S{WUDQ� NDi }JQZQ ³WL R¹ P�DeVFXQTÎ� ³WL zJJf]HL ° GLNDLÈVDM PH� � NDi S�OLQ ³WDQ O{J9� $¹WRi }EDORQ NO¡URQzSi WµQ dPDWLVP²Q PRX� NDi ÊUX[�Q PRX S²GDM NDi FHlUDM� � zJË G~ zNRLP�TKQ NDi»SQZVD� NDi �Q{VWKQ� ³WL NºULRM �QWHO�EHW² PRX� � NDi S�OLQ ³WDQ O{J9� (O�OKVDQzQ FHfOHVLQ� zNfQKVDQ NHIDO�Q O{JRQWHM� C5XV�VTZ yDXW²Q� � �WLQD S�QWD ³WLJ{JRQHQ ¸Sµ WÎQ ,RXGDfZQ WÙ &ULVWÙ� PDTHlQ GºQDVTH� � VWDXUZT{QWRM J�U D¹WRÀz[{VWUHIRQ W� FHfOK NDi zNfQRXQ W�M NHIDO�M O{JRQWHM� C2 QHNUR½M �QHJHfUDM�XV�VTZ yDXW²Q�;;;,;� t2WDQ G~ ÆM SURIKWHÀRQ W� P{OORQWD JfQHVTDL ODO­ Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD�R»WZM O{JHL� (N J�U 6LËQ z[HOHºVHWDL Q²PRM NDi O²JRM NXUfRX z[ ,HURXVDO�P� NDiNULQHl �Q� P{VRQ zTQÎQ NDi zO{J[HL ODµQ SROºQ� NDi VXJN²\RXVL W�M PDFDfUDMD¹WÎQ HeM �URWUD NDi W�M ]LEºQDM D¹WÎQ HeM GU{SDQD� NDi R¹ P� O�\RQWDL }TQRM zSi}TQRM P�FDLUDQ NDi R¹ P� P�TZVLQ }WL SROHPHlQ� � NDi ³WL R»WZM J{JRQH� SHLVT¡QDLGºQDVTH� � �Sµ J�U ,HURXVDO�P �QGUHM GHNDGºR WµQ �ULTPµQ z[¡OTRQ HeM WµQN²VPRQ� NDi RÁWRL eGLÎWDL� ODOHlQ P� GXQ�PHQRL� GL� G~ THRÀ GXQ�PHZM zP�QXVDQSDQWi J{QHL �QTUÈSZQ ÆM �SHVW�OKVDQ ¸Sµ WRÀ &ULVWRÀ GLG�[DL S�QWDM WµQ WRÀTHRÀ O²JRQ� NDi Rd S�ODL �OOKORI²QWDL R¹ P²QRQ R¹ SROHPRÀPHQ WR½M zFTURºM� �OO�¸S~U WRÀ PKG~ \HºGHVTDL PKG z[DSDW¡VDL WR½M z[HW�]RQWDM� �G{ZM °PRORJRÀQWHMWµQ &ULVWµQ �SRTQ�VNRPHQ� � GXQDWµQ J�U £Q Wµ OHJ²PHQRQC+ JOÎVV ±PÈPRNHQ� � G~ IU�Q �QÈPRWRM

Page 17: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

SRLHlQ �P�M HeM WRÀWR� � JHORlRQ �GK SU�JPD� ¸PlQ P~Q WR½M VXQWLTHP{QRXM NDiNDWDOHJRP{QRXM VWUDWLÈWDM NDi SUµ W¡M yDXWÎQ ]Z¡M NDi JRQ{ZQ NDi SDWUfGRM NDiS�QWZQ WÎQ ReNHfZQ W�Q ¸PHW{UDQ �VS�]HVTDL °PRORJfDQ� PKG~Q �ITDUWRQGXQDP{QZQ ¸PÎQ D¹WRlM SDUDVFHlQ� �P�M G{� �ITDUVfDM zUÎQWDM� P� S�QT¸SRPHlQDL ¸S~U WRÀ W� SRTRºPHQD SDU� WRÀ GXQDP{QRX GRÀQDL ODEHlQ�;/� $NRºVDWH G~ SÎM NDi SHUi WÎQ NKUX[�QWZQ W�Q GLGDF�Q D¹WRÀ NDiPKQXV�QWZQ W�Q zSLI�QHLDQ SURHUU{TK� WRÀ SURHLUKP{QRX SURI�WRX NDi EDVLO{ZMR»WZM HeS²QWRM GL� WRÀ SURIKWLNRÀ SQHºPDWRM� C+P{UD W­ �P{UY zUHºJHWDL �¡PD� NDiQ½[ W­ QXNWi �QDJJ{OOHL JQÎVLQ� � R¹N HeVi ODOLDi R¹G~ O²JRL� ÏQ R¹Fi �NRºRQWDLDd IZQDi D¹WÎQ� � HeM S�VDQ W�Q J¡Q z[¡OTHQ ° IT²JJRM D¹WÎQ NDi HeM W� S{UDWDW¡M ReNRXP{QKM W� ��PDWD D¹WÎQ� � zQ WÙ �Of- }THWR Wµ VN�QZPD D¹WRÀ� NDi D¹W²M�ÆM QXPIfRM zNSRUHX²PHQRM zN SDVWRÀ D¹WRÀ� �JDOOL�VHWDL ÆM JfJDM GUDPHlQ °G²Q�� SUµM WRºWRLM G~ NDi O²JZQ yW{UZQ WÎQ SURIKWHXT{QWZQ GL D¹WRÀ WRÀ 'DXHiG NDOÎM}FRQ NDi ReNHfZM zSLPQKVT¡QDL OHORJfVPHTD� z[ ÏQ PDTHlQ ¸PlQ S�UHVWL SÎMSURWU{SHWDL ]¡Q WR½M �QTUÈSRXM Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD� � NDi SÎM PKQºHL W�QJHJHQKP{QKQ C+UÈGRX WRÀ EDVLO{ZM ,RXGDfZQ NDi D¹WÎQ ,RXGDfZQ NDi 3LO�WRX WRÀ¸PHW{URX SDU D¹WRlM JHQRP{QRX zSLWU²SRX V½Q WRlM D¹WRÀ VWUDWLÈWDLM NDW� WRÀ&ULVWRÀ VXQ{OHXVLQ� � NDi ³WL SLVWHºHVTDL }PHOOHQ ¸Sµ WÎQ zN SDQWµM J{QRXM�QTUÈSZQ� NDi ³WL D¹WµQ XdµQ NDOHl ° THµM NDi ¸SRW�VVHLQ D¹WÙ S�QWDM WR½MzFTUR½M zS�JJHOWDL� NDi SÎM Rd GDfPRQHM� ³VRQ zS D¹WRlM� W�Q WH WRÀ SDWUµM S�QWZQNDi GHVS²WRX THRÀ NDi W�Q D¹WRÀ WRÀ &ULVWRÀ z[RXVfDQ IXJHlQ SHLUÎQWDL� NDi ÆM HeMPHW�QRLDQ NDOHl S�QWDM ° THµM SUiQ zOTHlQ W�Q �P{UDQ W¡M NUfVHZM� � HhUKQWDL G~R»WZM� 0DN�ULRM �Q�U ¶M R¹N zSRUHºTK zQ ERXO­ �VHEÎQ NDi zQ °GÙ �PDUWZOÎQ R¹N}VWK NDi zSi NDT{GUDQ ORLPÎQ R¹N zN�TLVHQ� �OO   zQ WÙ Q²P- NXUfRX Wµ T{OKPDD¹WRÀ� NDi zQ WÙ Q²P- D¹WRÀ PHOHW�VHL �P{UDM NDi QXNW²M� � NDi }VWDL ÆM Wµ [ºORQWµ SHIXWHXP{QRQ SDU� W�M GLH[²GRXM WÎQ ¸G�WZQ� ¶ WµQ NDUSµQ D¹WRÀ GÈVHL zQNDLUÙ D¹WRÀ� NDi Wµ IºOORQ D¹WRÀ R¹N �SRUUX�VHWDL� NDi S�QWD ³VD �Q SRL­NDWHXRGZT�VHWDL� �� R¹F R»WZM Rd �VHEHlM� R¹F R»WZM� �OO   ÆVHi FQRÀM� ¶QzNUfSWHL ° �QHPRM �Sµ SURVÈSRX W¡M J¡M� GL� WRÀWR R¹N �QDVW�VRQWDL �VHEHlM zQNUfVHL R¹G~ �PDUWZORi zQ ERXO­ GLNDfZQ� ³WL JLQÈVNHL NºULRM °GµQ GLNDfZQ� NDi °GµM�VHEÎQ �SROHlWDL� �� t,QD Wf zIUºD[DQ }TQK� NDi ODRi zPHO{WKVDQ NDLQ��SDU{VWKVDQ Rd EDVLOHlM W¡M J¡M� NDi Rd �UFRQWHM VXQ�FTKVDQ zSi Wµ D¹Wµ NDW� WRÀNXUfRX NDi NDW� WRÀ &ULVWRÀ D¹WRÀ� O{JRQWHM� 'LDUU�[ZPHQ WR½M GHVPR½M D¹WÎQNDi �SRUUf\ZPHQ �I �PÎQ WµQ ]XJµQ D¹WÎQ� �� ° NDWRLNÎQ zQ R¹UDQRlMzNJHO�VHWDL D¹WRºM� NDi ° NºULRM zNPXNWKULHl D¹WRºM� W²WH ODO�VHL SUµM D¹WR½M zQ±UJ­ D¹WRÀ� NDi zQ WÙ TXPÙ D¹WRÀ WDU�[HL D¹WRºM� �� zJË G~ NDWHVW�TKQ EDVLOH½M¸S D¹WRÀ zSi 6LËQ ´URM Wµ �JLRQ D¹WRÀ� GLDJJ{OOZQ Wµ SU²VWDJPD NXUfRX��� NºULRM HnSH SU²M PH� 8d²M PRX Hn Vº� zJË V�PHURQ JHJ{QQKN� VH� �� DhWKVDL SDUzPRÀ� NDi GÈVZ VRL }TQK W�Q NOKURQRPfDQ VRX� NDi W�Q NDW�VFHVfQ VRX W� S{UDWDW¡M J¡M� SRLPDQHlM D¹WR½M zQ ��EG- VLGKU�� ÆM VNHºK NHUDP{ZM VXQWUf\HLM D¹WRºM��� NDi QÀQ EDVLOHlM VºQHWH� SDLGHºTKWH S�QWHM Rd NUfQRQWHM W�Q J¡Q� �� GRXOHºVDWHWÙ NXUf- zQ I²E-� NDi �JDOOL�VTH D¹WÙ zQ WU²P-� �� GU�[DVTH SDLGHfDM� P� SRWH±UJLVT­ NºULRM� NDi �SROHlVTH z[ °GRÀ GLNDfDM� ³WDQ zNNDXT­ zQ W�FHL ° TXPµMD¹WRÀ� �� PDN�ULRL S�QWHM Rd SHSRLT²WHM zS D¹W²Q�;/,� .Di S�OLQ GL �OOKM SURIKWHfDM PKQºRQ Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD GL D¹WRÀ WRÀ'DXHfG� ³WL PHW� Wµ VWDXUZT¡QDL EDVLOHºVHL ° &ULVW²M� R»WZM HnSHQ� u$LVDWH WÙ

Page 18: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

NXUf- S�VD � J¡� NDi �QDJJHfODWH �P{UDQ z[ �P{UDM Wµ VZW�ULRQ D¹WRÀ� ³WL P{JDMNºULRM NDi DeQHWµM VI²GUD� IREHUµM ¸S~U S�QWDM WR½M THRºM� ³WL S�QWHM Rd THRi WÎQzTQÎQ HhGZOD GDLPRQfZQ HeVfQ� ° G~ THµM WR½M R¹UDQR½M zSRfKVH� � G²[D NDi DnQRMNDW� SU²VZSRQ D¹WRÀ� NDi eVF½M NDi NDºFKPD zQ W²S- �JL�VPDWRM D¹WRÀ� G²WH WÙNXUf-� WÙ SDWUi WÎQ DeÈQZQ� G²[DQ� � O�EHWH F�ULQ NDi HeV{OTHWH NDW� SU²VZSRQD¹WRÀ NDi SURVNXQ�VDWH zQ D¹ODlM �JfDLM D¹WRÀ� IREKT�WZ �Sµ SURVÈSRX D¹WRÀS�VD � J¡ NDi NDWRUTZT�WZ NDi P� VDOHXT�WZ� � H¹IUDQT�WZVDQ zQ WRlM }TQHVLQ� °NºULRM zEDVfOHXVHQ �Sµ WRÀ [ºORX�;/,,� t2WDQ G~ Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD W� P{OORQWD JfQHVTDL ÆM �GK JHQ²PHQD O{J9�ÆM NDi zQ WRlM SURHLUKP{QRLM GR[�VDL zVWfQ� ³SZM �SRORJfDQ P� SDU�VF9 WRlMzQWXJF�QRXVLQ� NDi WRÀWR GLDVDI�VRPHQ� � W� S�QWZM zJQZVP{QD JHQKV²PHQDSURO{JHL ÆM �GK JHQ²PHQD� ³WL G~ R»WZM GHl zNG{FHVTDL� zQDWHQfVDWH WÙ QRq WRlMOHJRP{QRLM� � 'DXHiG }WHVL FLOfRLM NDi SHQWDNRVfRLM SUiQ   &ULVWµQ �QTUZSRQJHQ²PHQRQ VWDXUZT¡QDL W� SURHLUKP{QD }IK� NDi R¹GHiM WÎQ SUµ zNHfQRX JHQRP{QZQVWDXUZTHiM H¹IURVºQKQ SDU{VFH WRlM }TQHVLQ� �OO R¹G~ WÎQ PHW zNHlQRQ� � ° NDT�P�M G~ ,KVRÀM &ULVWµM VWDXUZTHiM NDi �SRTDQËQ �Q{VWK� NDi zEDVfOHXVHQ�QHOTËQ HeM R¹UDQ²Q� NDi zSi WRlM SDU D¹WRÀ GL� WÎQ �SRVW²OZQ zQ WRlM S�VLQ}TQHVL NKUXFTHlVLQ H¹IURVºQK zVWi SURVGRNÈQWZQ W�Q NDWKJJHOP{QKQ ¸S D¹WRÀ�ITDUVfDQ�;/,,,� t2SZM G~ P� WLQHM zN WÎQ SUROHOHJP{QZQ ¸I �PÎQ GR[�VZVL NDT HdPDUP{QKM�Q�JNKQ I�VNHLQ �P�M W� JLQ²PHQD JfQHVTDL� zN WRÀ SURHLSHlQ SURHJQZVP{QD� NDiWRÀWR GLDOºRPHQ� � W�M WLPZUfDM NDi W�M NRO�VHLM NDi W�M �JDT�M �PRLE�M NDW�[fDQ WÎQ SU�[HZQ yN�VWRX �SRGfGRVTDL GL� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ PDT²QWHM NDi �OKT~M�SRIDLQ²PHTD� zSHi He P� WRÀW² zVWLQ� �OO� NDT HdPDUP{QKQ S�QWD JfQHWDL� R¼WH WµzI �PlQ zVWLQ ³OZM� He J�U HgPDUWDL W²QGH WLQ� �JDTµQ HnQDL NDi W²QGH IDÀORQ� R¼TRÁWRM �S²GHNWRM R¹G~ zNHlQRM PHPSW{RM� � NDi D He P� SURDLU{VHL zOHXT{UY SUµM WµIHºJHLQ W� DeVFU� NDi DdUHlVTDL W� NDO� GºQDPLQ }FHL Wµ �QTUÈSHLRQ J{QRM��QDfWL²Q zVWL WÎQ °SZVG�SRWH SUDWWRP{QZQ� � �OO ³WL zOHXT{UY SURDLU{VHL NDiNDWRUTRl NDi VI�OOHWDL� R»WZM �SRGHfNQXPHQ� � WµQ D¹WµQ �QTUZSRQ WÎQ zQDQWfZQW�Q PHW{OHXVLQ SRLRºPHQRQ °UÎPHQ� � He G~ HgPDUWR   IDÀORQ   VSRXGDlRQ HnQDL�R¹N �Q SRWH WÎQ zQDQWfZQ GHNWLNµM £Q NDi SOHLVW�NLM PHWHWfTHWR� �OO R¹G Rd P~Q£VDQ VSRXGDlRL� Rd G~ IDÀORL� zSHi W�Q HdPDUP{QKQ DeWfDQ IDºOZQ NDi zQDQWfDyDXW­ SU�WWRXVDQ �SRIDLQRfPHTD�   zNHlQR Wµ SURHLUKP{QRQ G²[DL �OKT~M HnQDL� ³WLR¹G{Q zVWLQ �UHW� R¹G~ NDNfD� �OO� G²[9 P²QRQ   �JDT�   NDN� QRPf]HWDL� �SHU� ÆMGHfNQXVLQ ° �OKT�M O²JRM� PHJfVWK �V{EHLD NDi �GLNfD zVWfQ� � �OO HdPDUP{QKQIDP~Q �SDU�EDWRQ WDºWKQ HnQDL� WRlM W� NDO� zNOHJRP{QRLM W� �[LD zSLWfPLD� NDiWRlM °PRfZM W� zQDQWfD W� �[LD zSfFHLUD� � R¹ J�U ÉVSHU W� �OOD� RmRQ G{QGUD NDiWHWU�SRGD PKG~Q GXQ�PHQD SURDLU{VHL SU�WWHLQ� zSRfKVHQ ° THµM WµQ �QTUZSRQ� R¹G~J�U £Q �[LRM �PRLE¡M   zSDfQRX� R¹N �I yDXWRÀ yO²PHQRM Wµ �JDT²Q� �OO� WRÀWRJHQ²PHQRM R¹G� He NDNµM ¸S¡UFH� GLNDfZM NRO�VHZM zWºJFDQHQ� R¹N �I yDXWRÀWRLRÀWRM ÊQ� �OO R¹G~Q GXQ�PHQRM HnQDL |WHURQ SDU ¶ zJHJ²QHL�;/,9� (GfGD[H G~ �P�M WDÀWD Wµ �JLRQ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD� GL� 0ZXV{ZM I¡VDQ WÙSUÈW- SODVT{QWL �QTUÈS- HeU¡VTDL ¸Sµ WRÀ THRÀ R»WZM� ,GR½ SUµ SURVÈSRX VRX Wµ

Page 19: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

�JDTµQ NDi Wµ NDN²Q� }NOH[DL Wµ �JDT²Q� � NDi S�OLQ GL� +VDfRX� WRÀ yW{URXSURI�WRX� ÆM �Sµ WRÀ SDWUµM WÎQ ³OZQ NDi GHVS²WRX THRÀ HeM WRÀWR OHFT¡QDL R»WZM�� /RºVDVTH� NDTDURi J{QHVTH� �I{OHWH W�M SRQKUfDM �Sµ WÎQ \XFÎQ ¸PÎQ� P�THWHNDOµQ SRLHlQ� NUfQDWH ±UIDQÙ NDi GLNDLÈVDWH F�UDQ� NDi GHÀWH NDi GLDOHFTÎPHQ�O{JHL NºULRM� NDi z�Q ÐVLQ Dd �PDUWfDL ¸PÎQ ÆM IRLQLNRÀQ� ÆVHi }ULRQ OHXNDQÎ� NDiz�Q ÐVLQ ÆM N²NNLQRQ� ÆM FL²QD OHXNDQÎ� � NDi z�Q T{OKWH NDi HeVDNRºVKW{ PRX� W��JDT� W¡M J¡M I�JHVTH� z�Q G~ P� HeVDNRºVKW{ PRX� P�FDLUD ¸P�M NDW{GHWDL� WµJ�U VW²PD NXUfRX zO�OKVH WDÀWD� � Wµ G~ SURHLUKP{QRQ 0�FDLUD ¸P�M NDW{GHWDLR¹ O{JHL GL� PDFDLUÎQ IRQHXT�VHVTDL WR½M SDUDNRºVDQWDM� �OO � P�FDLUD WRÀTHRÀ }VWL Wµ SÀU� RÁ ERU� JfQRQWDL Rd W� IDÀOD SU�WWHLQ DdURºPHQRL� � GL� WRÀWRO{JHL� 0�FDLUD ¸P�M NDW{GHWDL� Wµ J�U VW²PD NXUfRX zO�OKVHQ� � He G~ NDi SHUiWHPQRºVKM NDi D¹WfND �SDOODVVRºVKM PDFDfUDM }OHJHQ� R¹N �Q HnSH .DW{GHWDL�� ÉVWH NDi 3O�WZQ HeSÈQ� $eWfD yORP{QRX� THµM G �QDfWLRM� SDU� 0ZXV{ZM WRÀSURI�WRX ODEËQ HnSH� SUHVEºWHURM J�U 0ZXV¡M NDi S�QWZQ WÎQ zQ t(OOKVLVXJJUDI{ZQ� � NDi S�QWD� ³VD SHUi �TDQDVfDM \XF¡M   WLPZULÎQ WÎQ PHW� T�QDWRQ  THZUfDM R¹UDQfZQ   WÎQ °PRfZQ GRJP�WZQ NDi ILO²VRIRL NDi SRLKWDi }IDVDQ�SDU� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ W�M �IRUP�M ODE²QWHM NDi QR¡VDL GHGºQKWDL NDi z[KJ�VDQWR��� ³THQ SDU� S�VL VS{UPDWD �OKTHfDM GRNHl HnQDL� zO{JFRQWDL G~ P� �NULEÎMQR�VDQWHM� ³WDQ zQDQWfD D¹WRi yDXWRlM O{JZVLQ� �� ÉVWH ³ IDPHQ� SHSURIKWHÀVTDLW� P{OORQWD JfQHVTDL� R¹ GL� Wµ HdPDUP{QKM �Q�JN9 SU�WWHVTDL O{JRPHQ� �OO�SURJQÈVWRX WRÀ THRÀ ´QWRM WÎQ PHOO²QWZQ ¸Sµ S�QWZQ �QTUÈSZQ SUDFT�VHVTDL�NDi G²JPDWRM ´QWRM SDU D¹W²Q� NDW �[fDQ WÎQ SU�[HZQ |NDVWRQ �PHf\HVTDLP{OORQWD WÎQ �QTUÈSZQ� NDi W� SDU D¹WRÀ NDW �[fDQ WÎQ SUDWWRP{QZQ�SDQW�VHVTDL� GL� WRÀ SURIKWLNRÀ SQHºPDWRM SURO{JHL� HeM zSfVWDVLQ NDi�Q�PQKVLQ �Hi �JZQ Wµ WÎQ �QTUÈSZQ J{QRM� GHLNQ½M ³WL NDi P{ORQ zVWiQ D¹WÙ NDiSURQRHlWDL D¹WÎQ� �� NDW zQ{UJHLDQ G~ WÎQ IDºOZQ GDLP²QZQ T�QDWRM ÆUfVTK NDW�WÎQ W�M C8VW�VSRX   6LEºOOKM   WÎQ SURIKWÎQ EfEORXM �QDJLQZVN²QWZQ� ³SZM GL�WRÀ I²ERX �SRVWU{\ZVLQ zQWXJF�QRQWDM WR½M �QTUÈSRXM WÎQ NDOÎQ JQÎVLQ ODEHlQ�D¹WRlM G~ GRXOHºRQWDM NDW{FZVLQ� ³SHU HeM W{ORM R¹N hVFXVDQ SU�[DL� �� �I²EZMP~Q J�U R¹ P²QRQ zQWXJF�QRPHQ D¹WDlM� �OO� NDi ¸PlQ� ÆM °U�WH� HeM zSfVNH\LQI{URPHQ� zSLVW�PHQRL S�VLQ H¹�UHVWD IDQ�VHVTDL� N�Q ±OfJRXM G~ SHfVZPHQ� W�P{JLVWD NHUG�VDQWHM zV²PHTD� ÆM JHZUJRi J�U �JDTRi SDU� WRÀ GHVS²]RQWRM W�Q�PRLE�Q |[RPHQ�;/9� t2WL G~ �JDJHlQ WµQ &ULVWµQ HeM WµQ R¹UDQµQ ° SDW�U WÎQ S�QWZQ THµM PHW� Wµ�QDVW¡VDL zN QHNUÎQ D¹WµQ }PHOOH� NDi NDW{FHLQ |ZM �Q SDW�[9 WR½M zFTUDfQRQWDMD¹WÙ GDfPRQDM� NDi VXQWHOHVT­ ° �ULTPµM WÎQ SURHJQZVP{QZQ D¹WÙ �JDTÎQJLQRP{QZQ NDi zQDU{WZQ� GL R¾M NDi PKG{SZ W�Q zSLNºUZVLQ SHSRfKWDL� zSDNRºVDWHWÎQ HeUKP{QZQ GL� 'DXHiG WRÀ SURI�WRX� � }VWL G~ WDÀWD� (nSHQ ° NºULRM WÙ NXUf-PRX� .�TRX zN GH[LÎQ PRX� |ZM �Q TÎ WR½M zFTURºM VRX ¸SRS²GLRQ WÎQ SRGÎQ VRX�� ��EGRQ GXQ�PHZM z[DSRVWHOHl VRL NºULRM z[ ,HURXVDO�P� NDi NDWDNXUfHXH zQP{V- WÎQ zFTUÎQ VRX� � PHW� VRÀ � �UF� zQ �P{UY W¡M GXQ�PHÈM VRX zQ WDlMODPSU²WKVL WÎQ �JfZQ VRX� zN JDVWUµM SUµ yZVI²URX zJ{QQKV� VH� � Wµ RÂQHeUKP{QRQ C5�EGRQ GXQ�PHZM z[DSRVWHOHl VRL z[ ,HURXVDO�P SURDJJHOWLNµQ WRÀO²JRX WRÀ eVFXURÀ� ¶Q �Sµ ,HURXVDO�P Rd �S²VWRORL D¹WRÀ z[HOT²QWHM SDQWDFRÀzN�UX[DQ� NDf� NDfSHU TDQ�WRX °ULVT{QWRM NDW� WÎQ GLGDVN²QWZQ   ³OZM°PRORJRºQWZQ Wµ ´QRPD WRÀ &ULVWRÀ� �PHlM SDQWDFRÀ NDi �VSD]²PHTD NDiGLG�VNRPHQ� � He G~ NDi ¸PHlM ÆM zFTURi zQWHº[HVTH WRlVGH WRlM O²JRLM� R¹ SO{RQ WLGºQDVTH� ÆM SUR{IKPHQ� WRÀ IRQHºHLQ� ³SHU �PlQ P~Q R¹GHPfDQ EO�EKQ I{UHL� ¸PlQ G~NDi S�VL WRlM �GfNZM zFTUDfQRXVL NDi P� PHWDWLTHP{QRLM N²ODVLQ GL� SXUµM DeZQfDQzUJ�]HWDL�

Page 20: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

;/9,� t,QD G~ P� WLQHM �ORJLVWDfQRQWHM HeM �SRWURS�Q WÎQ GHGLGDJP{QZQ ¸I �PÎQHhSZVL SUµ zWÎQ yNDWµQ SHQW�NRQWD JHJHQQ¡VTDL WµQ &ULVWµQ O{JHLQ �P�M zSi.XUKQfRX� GHGLGDF{QDL G~ � IDPHQ GLG�[DL D¹WµQ »VWHURQ FU²QRLM zSi 3RQWfRX3LO�WRX� NDi zSLNDOÎVLQ ÆM �QHXTºQZQ ´QWZQ WÎQ SURJHJHQKP{QZQ S�QWZQ�QTUÈSZQ� IT�VDQWHM W�Q �SRUfDQ OXV²PHTD� � WµQ &ULVWµQ SUZW²WRNRQ WRÀ THRÀHnQDL zGLG�FTKPHQ NDi SURHPKQºVDPHQ O²JRQ ´QWD� RÁ S�Q J{QRM �QTUÈSZQ PHW{VFH�� NDi Rd PHW� O²JRX ELÈVDQWHM &ULVWLDQRf HeVL� N�Q �THRL zQRPfVTKVDQ� RmRQ zQt(OOKVL P~Q 6ZNU�WKM NDi C+U�NOHLWRM NDi Rd ³PRLRL D¹WRlM� zQ EDUE�URLM G~$EUD�P NDi $QDQfDM NDi $]DUfDM NDi 0LVD�O NDi +OfDM NDi �OORL SROORf� ÏQW�M SU�[HLM   W� ±Q²PDWD NDWDO{JHLQ PDNUµQ HnQDL zSLVW�PHQRL WDQÀQSDUDLWRºPHTD� � ÉVWH NDi Rd SURJHQ²PHQRL �QHX O²JRX ELÈVDQWHM� �FUKVWRL NDizFTURi WÙ &ULVWÙ £VDQ NDi IRQHlM WÎQ PHW� O²JRX ELRºQWZQ� Rd G~ PHW� O²JRXELÈVDQWHM NDi ELRÀQWHM &ULVWLDQRi NDi �IRERL NDi �W�UDFRL ¸S�UFRXVL� � GL �Q GDeWfDQ GL� GXQ�PHZM WRÀ O²JRX NDW� W�Q WRÀ SDWUµM S�QWZQ NDi GHVS²WRX THRÀERXO�Q GL� SDUT{QRX �QTUZSRM �SHNX�TK NDi ,KVRÀM zSZQRP�VTK� NDi VWDXUZTHiM�SRTDQËQ �Q{VWK NDi �QHO�OXTHQ HeM R¹UDQ²Q� zN WÎQ GL� WRVRºWZQ HeUKP{QZQ °QRXQHF�M NDWDODEHlQ GXQ�VHWDL� � �PHlM G{� R¹N �QDJNDfRX ´QWRM WDQÀQ WRÀ SHUiW¡M �SRGHf[HZM WRºWRX O²JRX� zSi W�M zSHLJRºVDM �SRGHf[HLM SUµM Wµ SDUµQFZU�VZPHQ�;/9,,� t2WL RÂQ NDi zNSRUTKT�VHVTDL � J¡ ,RXGDfZQ }PHOOHQ� �NRºVDWH WÎQHeUKP{QZQ ¸Sµ WRÀ SURIKWLNRÀ SQHºPDWRM� HhUKQWDL G~ Rd O²JRL ÆM �Sµ SURVÈSRXODÎQ TDXPD]²QWZQ W� JHJHQKP{QD� � HeVi G~ RgGH� (JHQ�TK }UKPRM 6LÈQ� ÆM }UKPRMzJHQ�TK ,HURXVDO�P� HeM NDW�UDQ ° RnNRM� Wµ �JLRQ �PÎQ NDi � G²[D� �Q H¹O²JKVDQRd SDW{UHM �PÎQ� zJHQ�TK SXUfNDXVWRM� NDi S�QWD W� }QGR[D D¹W¡M VXQ{SHVH� � NDizSi WRºWRLM �Q{VFRX NDi zVLÈSKVDM NDi zWDSHfQZVDM �P�M VI²GUD� � NDi ³WL�U�PZWR ,HURXVDO�P� ÆM SURHfUKWR JHJHQ¡VTDL� SHSHLVP{QRL zVW{� � HhUKWDL G~ NDiSHUi W¡M zUKPÈVHZM D¹W¡M� NDi SHUi WRÀ P� zSLWUDS�VHVTDL PKG{QD D¹WÎQ ReNHlQ�GL� +VDfRX WRÀ SURI�WRX R»WZM� C+ J¡ D¹WÎQ }UKPRM� }PSURVTHQ D¹WÎQ Rd zFTURiD¹WÎQ D¹W�Q I�JRQWDL� NDi R¹N }VWDL z[ D¹WÎQ ° NDWRLNÎQ zQ D¹W­� � ³WL G~IXO�VVHWDL ¸I ¸PÎQ ³SZM PKGHiM zQ D¹W­ J{QKWDL� NDi T�QDWRM NDW� WRÀNDWDODPEDQRP{QRX ,RXGDfRX HeVL²QWRM ÉULVWDL� �NULEÎM zSfVWDVTH�;/9,,,� t2WL G~ NDi THUDSHºVHLQ S�VDM Q²VRXM NDi QHNUR½M �QHJHUHlQ ° �P{WHURM&ULVWµM SURHIKWHºTK� �NRºVDWH WÎQ OHOHJP{QZQ� � }VWL G~ WDÀWD� 7­ SDURXVfYD¹WRÀ �OHlWDL FZOµM ÆM }ODIRM� NDi WUDQ� }VWDL JOÎVVD PRJLO�OZQ� WXIORi�QDEO{\RXVL NDi OHSURi NDTDULVT�VRQWDL NDi QHNURi �QDVW�VRQWDL NDiSHULSDW�VRXVLQ� � ³WL WH WDÀWD zSRfKVHQ� zN WÎQ zSi 3RQWfRX 3LO�WRX JHQRP{QZQ�NWZQ PDTHlQ GºQDVTH� � SÎM WH SURPHP�QXWDL ¸Sµ WRÀ SURIKWLNRÀ SQHºPDWRM�QDLUHTKV²PHQRM �PD WRlM zS D¹WµQ zOSf]RXVLQ �QTUÈSRLM� �NRºVDWH WÎQOHFT{QWZQ GL� +VDfRX� � }VWL G~ WDÀWD� u,GH ÆM ° GfNDLRM �SÈOHWR� NDi R¹GHiMzNG{FHWDL W­ NDUGfY� NDi �QGUHM GfNDLRL DhURQWDL� NDi R¹GHiM NDWDQRHl� � $SµSURVÈSRX �GLNfDM £UWDL ° GfNDLRM NDi }VWDL zQ HeU�Q9 � WDI� D¹WRÀ� £UWDL zN WRÀP{VRX�

Page 21: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

;/,;� .Di S�OLQ SÎM GL D¹WRÀ +VDfRX O{OHNWDL ³WL Rd R¹ SURVGRN�VDQWHM D¹WµQODRi WÎQ zTQÎQ SURVNXQ�VRXVLQ D¹W²Q� Rd G~ �Hi SURVGRNÎQWHM ,RXGDlRL�JQR�VRXVL SDUDJHQ²PHQRQ D¹W²Q� zO{FTKVDQ G~ Rd O²JRL ÆM �Sµ SURVÈSRX D¹WRÀWRÀ &ULVWRÀ� � HeVi G~ RÁWRL� (PIDQ�M zJHQ�TKQ WRlM zP~ P� zSHUZWÎVLQ� H¸U{TKQWRlM zP~ P� ]KWRÀVL� HnSRQ� ,GRº HePL� }TQHL� Rj R¹N zN�OHVDQ Wµ ´QRP� PRX�� z[HS{WDVD W�M FHlU�M PRX zSi ODµQ �SHLTRÀQWD NDi �QWLO{JRQWD� zSi WR½MSRUHXRP{QRXM zQ °GÙ R¹ NDO­� �OO ±SfVZ WÎQ �PDUWLÎQ D¹WÎQ� � ° ODµM °SDUR[ºQZQ zQDQWfRQ PRX� � ,RXGDlRL J�U }FRQWHM W�M SURIKWHfDM NDi �HiSURVGRN�VDQWHM WµQ &ULVWµQ SDUDJHQKV²PHQRQ� �JQ²KVDQ� R¹ P²QRQ G{� �OO� NDiSDUHFU�VDQWR� Rd G~ �Sµ WÎQ zTQÎQ PKG{SRWH PKG~Q �NRºVDQWHM SHUi WRÀ &ULVWRÀ�P{FULM RÁ Rd �Sµ ,HURXVDO�P z[HOT²QWHM �S²VWRORL D¹WRÀ zP�QXVDQ W� SHUi D¹WRÀNDi W�M SURIKWHfDM SDU{GZNDQ� SOKUZT{QWHM FDU�M NDi SfVWHZM WRlM HeGÈORLM�SHW�[DQWR NDi WÙ �JHQQ�W- THÙ GL� WRÀ &ULVWRÀ yDXWR½M �Q{TKNDQ� � ³WL G~SURHJLQÈVNHWR W� GºVIKPD WDÀWD OHFTKV²PHQD NDW� WÎQ WµQ &ULVWµQ°PRORJRºQWZQ� NDi ÆM HnHQ W�ODQHM Rd GXVIKPRÀQWHM D¹WµQ NDi W� SDODL� }TKNDOµQ HnQDL WKUHlQ O{JRQWHM� �NRºVDWH WÎQ EUDFXHSÎM HeUKP{QZQ GL� +VDfRX�� }VWL G~ WDÀWD� 2¹Di WRlM O{JRXVL Wµ JOXN½ SLNUµQ NDi Wµ SLNUµQ JOXNº�/� t2WL G~ NDi ¸S~U �PÎQ JHQ²PHQRM �QTUZSRM SDTHlQ NDi �WLPDVT¡QDL ¸S{PHLQH�NDi S�OLQ PHW� G²[KM SDUDJHQ�VHWDL� �NRºVDWH WÎQ HeUKP{QZQ HeM WRÀWRSURIKWHLÎQ� � }VWL G~ WDÀWD� $QT ÏQ SDU{GZNDQ HeM TDQ�WRQ W�Q \XF�Q D¹WRÀ� NDiPHW� WÎQ �Q²PZQ zORJfVTK� D¹WµM �PDUWfDM SROOÎQ HhOKIH NDi WRlM �Q²PRLMz[LO�VHWDL� � hGH J�U VXQ�VHL ° SDlM PRX� NDi ¸\ZT�VHWDL NDi GR[DVT�VHWDLVI²GUD� � ¶Q WU²SRQ zNVW�VRQWDL SROORi zSi V{� R»WZM �GR[�VHL �Sµ �QTUÈSZQ WµHnG²M VRX NDi � G²[D VRX �Sµ WÎQ �QTUÈSZQ� R»WZM TDXP�VRQWDL }TQK SROO�� NDiVXQ{[RXVL EDVLOHlM Wµ VW²PD D¹WÎQ� ³WL RmM R¹N �QKJJ{OK SHUi D¹WRÀ� NDi Rj R¹N�NKN²DVL VXQ�VRXVL� � NºULH� WfM zSfVWHXVH W­ �NR­ �PÎQ� NDi ° EUDFfZQ NXUfRXWfQL �SHNDOºITK� �QKJJHfODPHQ zQÈSLRQ D¹WRÀ ÆM SDLGfRQ� ÆM �f]D zQ J­ GL\ÈV9�� R¹N }VWLQ HnGRM D¹WÙ R¹G~ G²[D� NDi HhGRPHQ D¹W²Q� NDi R¹N HnFHQ HnGRM R¹G~N�OORM� �OO� Wµ HnGRM D¹WRÀ �WLPRQ NDi zNOHlSRQ SDU� WR½M �QTUÈSRXM�� �QTUZSRM zQ SOKJ­ ÍQ NDi HeGËM I{UHLQ PDODNfDQ� ³WL �S{VWUDSWDL Wµ SU²VZSRQD¹WRÀ� �WLP�VTK NDi R¹N zORJfVTK� � RÁWRM W�M �PDUWfDM �PÎQ I{UHL NDi SHUi �PÎQ±GXQ�WDL� NDi �PHlM zORJLV�PHTD D¹WµQ HnQDL zQ S²Q- NDi zQ SOKJ­ NDi zQ NDNÈVHL�� D¹WµM G~ zWUDXPDWfVTK GL� W�M �QRPfDM �PÎQ NDi PHPDO�NLVWDL GL� W�M �PDUWfDM�PÎQ� SDLGHfD HeU�QKM zS D¹W²Q� WÙ PÈOZSL D¹WRÀ �PHlM e�TKPHQ� �� S�QWHM ÆMSU²EDWD zSODQ�TKPHQ� �QTUZSRM W­ °GÙ D¹WRÀ zSODQ�TK� NDi SDU{GZNHQ D¹WµQ WDlM�PDUWfDLM �PÎQ� NDi D¹WµM GL� Wµ NHNDNÎVTDL R¹N �QRfJHL Wµ VW²PD D¹WRÀ� ÆMSU²EDWRQ zSi VIDJ�Q �FTK� NDi ÆM �PQµM zQDQWfRQ WRÀ NHfURQWRM D¹WµQ �IZQRM�R»WZM R¹N �QRfJHL Wµ VW²PD D¹WRÀ� �� zQ W­ WDSHLQÈVHL D¹WRÀ � NUfVLM D¹WRÀ �UTK��� PHW� RÂQ Wµ VWDXUZT¡QDL D¹WµQ NDi Rd JQÈULPRL D¹WRÀ S�QWHM �S{VWKVDQ��UQKV�PHQRL D¹W²Q� »VWHURQ G{� zN QHNUÎQ �QDVW�QWRM NDi ±IT{QWRM D¹WRlM NDi WDlMSURIKWHfDLM zQWXFHlQ� zQ DmM S�QWD WDÀWD SURHfUKWR JHQKV²PHQD� GLG�[DQWRM� NDiHeM R¹UDQµQ �QHUF²PHQRQ eG²QWHM NDi SLVWHºVDQWHM NDi GºQDPLQ zNHlTHQ D¹WRlMSHPITHlVDQ SDU D¹WRÀ ODE²QWHM NDi HeM S�Q J{QRM �QTUÈSZQ zOT²QWHM� WDÀWDzGfGD[DQ NDi �S²VWRORL SURVKJRUHºTKVDQ�

Page 22: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

/,� t,QD G~ PKQºV9 �PlQ Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD ³WL ° WDÀWD S�VFZQ �QHNGL�JKWRQ}FHL Wµ J{QRM NDi EDVLOHºHL WÎQ zFTUÎQ� }IK R»WZM� 7�Q JHQH�Q D¹WRÀ WfMGLKJ�VHWDL� ³WL DhUHWDL �Sµ W¡M J¡M � ]Z� D¹WRÀ� �Sµ WÎQ �QRPLÎQ D¹WÎQ �NHL HeMT�QDWRQ� � NDi GÈVZ WR½M SRQKUR½M �QWi W¡M WDI¡M D¹WRÀ NDi WR½M SORXVfRXM �QWiWRÀ TDQ�WRX D¹WRÀ� ³WL �QRPfDQ R¹N zSRfKVHQ R¹G~ H¸U{TK G²ORM zQ WÙ VW²PDWLD¹WRÀ� NDi NºULRM ERºOHWDL NDTDUfVDL D¹WµQ W¡M SOKJ¡M� � z�Q GÎWH SHUi �PDUWfDM�� \XF� ¸PÎQ ´\HWDL VS{UPD PDNU²ELRQ� � NDi ERºOHWDL NºULRM �IHOHlQ �Sµ S²QRXW�Q \XF�Q D¹WRÀ� GHl[DL D¹WÙ IÎM NDi SO�VDL W­ VXQ{VHL� GLNDLÎVDL GfNDLRQ HÂGRXOHºRQWD SROORlM� NDi W�M �PDUWfDM �PÎQ D¹WµM �QRfVHL� � GL� WRÀWR D¹WµMNOKURQRP�VHL SROOR½M NDi WÎQ eVFXUÎQ PHULHl VNºOD� �QT ÏQ SDUHG²TK HeM T�QDWRQ� \XF� D¹WRÀ� NDi zQ WRlM �Q²PRLM zORJfVTK� NDi D¹WµM �PDUWfDM SROOÎQ �Q�QHJNHNDi GL� W�M �QRPfDM D¹WÎQ D¹WµM SDUHG²TK� � ÆM G~ NDi HeM WµQ R¹UDQµQ }PHOOHQ�QL{QDL� NDTËM SURHIKWHºTK� �NRºVDWH� � zO{FTK G~ R»WZM� u$UDWH SºODM R¹UDQÎQ��QRfFTKWH� gQD HeV{OT9 ° EDVLOH½M W¡M G²[KM� WfM zVWLQ RÁWRM ° EDVLOH½M W¡M G²[KM�.ºULRM NUDWDLµM NDi NºULRM GXQDW²M� � ÆM G~ NDi z[ R¹UDQÎQ SDUDJfQHVTDL PHW�G²[KM P{OOHL� �NRºVDWH NDi WÎQ HeUKP{QZQ HeM WRÀWR GL� ,HUHPfRX WRÀ SURI�WRX�� }VWL G~ WDÀWD� ,GR½ ÆM XdµM �QTUÈSRX }UFHWDL zS�QZ WÎQ QHIHOÎQ WRÀ R¹UDQRÀ�NDi Rd �JJHORL D¹WRÀ V½Q D¹WÙ�/,,� (SHLG� WRfQXQ W� JHQ²PHQD �GK S�QWD �SRGHfNQXPHQ SUiQ   JHQ{VTDLSURNHNKUºFTDL GL� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ� �Q�JNK NDi SHUi WÎQ °PRfZM SURIKWHXT{QWZQ�PHOO²QWZQ G~ JfQHVTDL� SfVWLQ }FHLQ ÆM S�QWZM JHQKVRP{QZQ� � ¶Q J�U WU²SRQ W��GK JHQ²PHQD SURNHNKUXJP{QD NDi �JQRRºPHQD �S{EK� WµQ D¹WµQ WU²SRQ NDi W�OHfSRQWD� N�Q �JQR¡WDL NDi �SLVW¡WDL� �SRE�VRQWDL� � GºR J�U D¹WRÀ SDURXVfDMSURHN�UX[DQ Rd SURI¡WDL� PfDQ P{Q� W�Q �GK JHQRP{QKQ� ÆM �WfPRX NDi SDTKWRÀ�QTUÈSRX� W�Q G~ GHXW{UDQ� ³WDQ PHW� G²[KM z[ R¹UDQÎQ PHW� W¡M �JJHOLN¡M D¹WRÀVWUDWL�M SDUDJHQ�VHVTDL NHN�UXNWDL� ³WH NDi W� VÈPDWD �QHJHUHl S�QWZQ WÎQJHQRP{QZQ �QTUÈSZQ� NDi WÎQ P~Q �[fZQ zQGºVHL �ITDUVfDQ� WÎQ G �GfNZQ zQDeVT�VHL DeZQfY PHW� WÎQ IDºOZQ GDLP²QZQ HeM Wµ DeÈQLRQ SÀU S{P\HL� � ÆM G~ NDiWDÀWD SURHfUKWDL JHQKV²PHQD� GKOÈVRPHQ� � zUU{TK G~ GL� ,H]HNL�O WRÀ SURI�WRXR»WZM� 6XQDFT�VHWDL �UPRQfD SUµM �UPRQfDQ NDi ±VW{RQ SUµM ±VW{RQ� NDi V�UNHM�QDIX�VRQWDL� � NDi S�Q J²QX N�P\HL WÙ NXUf-� NDi S�VD JOÎVVD z[RPRORJ�VHWDLD¹WÙ� � zQ RgY G~ DeVT�VHL NDi NRO�VHL JHQ{VTDL P{OORXVLQ Rd �GLNRL� �NRºVDWHWÎQ °PRfZM HeM WRÀWR HeUKP{QZQ� � }VWL G~ WDÀWD� C2 VNÈOK[ D¹WÎQ R¹ SDXT�VHWDL�NDi Wµ SÀU D¹WÎQ R¹ VEHVT�VHWDL� � NDi W²WH PHWDQR�VRXVLQ� ³WH R¹G~QÇIHO�VRXVL� �� SRlD G~ P{OORXVLQ Rd ODRi WÎQ ,RXGDfZQ O{JHLQ NDi SRLHlQ� ³WDQhGZVLQ D¹WµQ zQ G²[9 SDUDJHQ²PHQRQ� GL� =DFDUfRX WRÀ SURI�WRX SURIKWHXT{QWDzO{FTK R»WZM� (QWHORÀPDL WRlM W{VVDUVLQ �Q{PRLM VXQ�[DL W� zVNRUSLVP{QD W{NQD�zQWHORÀPDL WÙ ERUU� I{UHLQ� NDi WÙ Q²W- P� SURVN²SWHLQ� �� NDi W²WH zQ,HURXVDO�P NRSHWµM P{JDM� R¹ NRSHWµM VWRP�WZQ   FHLO{ZQ� �OO� NRSHWµM NDUGfDM�NDi R¹ P� VFfVZVLQ D¹WÎQ W� dP�WLD� �OO� W�M GLDQRfDM� �� N²\RQWDL IXO� SUµMIXO�Q� NDi W²WH ´\RQWDL HeM ¶Q z[HN{QWKVDQ� NDi zURÀVL� 7f� NºULH� zSO�QKVDM �P�M�Sµ W¡M °GRÀ VRX� � G²[D� �Q H¹O²JKVDQ Rd SDW{UHM �PÎQ� zJHQ�TK �PlQ HeM ´QHLGRM�/,,,� 3ROO�M P~Q RÂQ NDi yW{UDM SURIKWHfDM }FRQWHM HeSHlQ zSDXV�PHTD� D¹W�UNHLMNDi WDºWDM HeM SHLVPRQ�Q WRlM W� �NRXVWLN� NDi QRHU� ÐWD }FRXVLQ HnQDL

Page 23: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

ORJLV�PHQRL� NDi QRHlQ GºQDVTDL D¹WR½M �JRºPHQRL ³WL R¹F °PRfZM WRlMPXTRSRLKTHlVL SHUi WÎQ QRPLVT{QWZQ XdÎQ WRÀ 'LµM NDi �PHlM P²QRQ O{JRPHQ� �OOR¹N �SRGHl[DL }FRPHQ� � WfQL J�U �Q O²J- �QTUÈS- VWDXUZT{QWL zSHLT²PHTD� ³WLSUZW²WRNRM WÙ �JHQQ�W- THÙ zVWL NDi D¹WµM W�Q NUfVLQ WRÀ SDQWµM �QTUZSHfRXJ{QRXM SRL�VHWDL� He P� PDUWºULD SUiQ   zOTHlQ D¹WµQ �QTUZSRQ JHQ²PHQRQNHNKUXJP{QD SHUi D¹WRÀ H»URPHQ NDi R»WZM JHQ²PHQD yZUÎPHQ� � J¡M P~Q ,RXGDfZQzU�PZVLQ� NDi WR½M �Sµ SDQWµM }TQRXM �QTUÈSZQ GL� W¡M SDU� WÎQ �SRVW²OZQD¹WRÀ GLGDF¡M SHLVT{QWDM NDi SDUDLWKVDP{QRXM W� SDODL�� zQ RmM SODQÈPHQRL�QHVWU�IKVDQ� }TK� yDXWR½M �P�M °UÎQWHM� SOHfRQ�M WH NDi �OKTHVW{URXM WR½M z[zTQÎQ WÎQ �Sµ ,RXGDfZQ NDi 6DPDU{ZQ &ULVWLDQR½M HeG²WHM� � W� P~Q J�U �OODS�QWD J{QK �QTUÈSHLD ¸Sµ WRÀ SURIKWLNRÀ SQHºPDWRM NDOHlWDL }TQK� Wµ G~,RXGDoNµQ NDi 6DPDUHLWLNµQ IÀORQ ,VUD�O NDi RnNRM ,DNËE N{NOKQWDL� � ÆM G~SURHIKWHºTK ³WL SOHfRQHM Rd �Sµ WÎQ zTQÎQ SLVWHºRQWHM WÎQ �Sµ ,RXGDfZQ NDi6DPDU{ZQ� W� SURIKWHXT{QWD �SDJJHORÀPHQ� zO{FTK G~ R»WZM� (¹IU�QTKWL VWHlUD �R¹ WfNWRXVD� �¡[RQ NDi E²KVRQ � R¹N ÇGfQRXVD� ³WL SROO� W� W{NQD W¡M zU�PRXP�OORQ   W¡M zFRºVKM WµQ �QGUD� � }UKPD J�U £Q S�QWD W� }TQK �OKTLQRÀ THRÀ�FHLUÎQ }UJRLM ODWUHºRQWD� ,RXGDlRL G~ NDi 6DPDUHlM� }FRQWHM WµQ SDU� WRÀ THRÀO²JRQ GL� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ SDUDGRT{QWD D¹WRlM NDi �Hi SURVGRN�VDQWHM WµQ &ULVW²Q�SDUDJHQ²PHQRQ �JQ²KVDQ� SO�Q ±OfJZQ WLQÎQ R¾M SURHlSH Wµ �JLRQ SURIKWLNµQSQHÀPD GL� +VDfRX VZT�VHVTDL� � HnSH G~ ÆM �Sµ SURVÈSRX D¹WÎQ� (e P� NºULRMzJNDW{OLSHQ �PlQ VS{UPD� ÆM 6²GRPD NDi *²PRUUD �Q zJHQ�TKPHQ� � 6²GRPD J�U NDi*²PRUUD S²OHLM WLQ~M �VHEÎQ �QGUÎQ dVWRURÀQWDL ¸Sµ 0ZXV{ZM JHQ²PHQDL� �M SXUiNDi THf- NDºVDM ° THµM NDW{VWUH\H� PKGHQµM WÎQ zQ D¹WDlM VZT{QWRM SO�Q�OORHTQRÀM WLQRM &DOGDfRX Wµ J{QRM� Ú ´QRPD /ÈW� V½Q Ú NDi TXJDW{UHMGLHVÈTKVDQ� � NDi W�Q S�VDQ D¹WÎQ FÈUDQ }UKPRQ NDi NHNDXP{QKQ RÂVDQ NDi�JRQRQ P{QRXVDQ Rd ERXO²PHQRL °U�Q }FRXVLQ� �� ÆM G~ NDi �OKT{VWHURL Rd �Sµ WÎQzTQÎQ NDi SLVW²WHURL SURHJLQÈVNRQWR� �SDJJHORÀPHQ W� HeUKP{QD GL� +VDfRX WRÀSURI�WRX� �� }IK G~ R»WZM� ,VUD�O �SHUfWPKWRM W�Q NDUGfDQ� W� G~ }TQK W�Q�NUREXVWfDQ� �� W� WRVDÀWD JRÀQ °UÈPHQD SHLTË NDi SfVWLQ WRlM W�OKT~M�VSD]RP{QRLM NDi P� ILORGR[RÀVL PKG~ ¸Sµ SDTÎQ �UFRP{QRLM PHW� O²JRXzPIRU¡VDL GºQDWDL�/,9� 2d G~ SDUDGLG²QWHM W� PXTRSRLKT{QWD ¸Sµ WÎQ SRLKWÎQ R¹GHPfDQ �S²GHL[LQI{URXVL WRlM zNPDQT�QRXVL Q{RLM� NDi zSi �S�W9 NDi �SDJZJ­ WRÀ �QTUZSHfRXJ{QRXM HeU¡VTDL �SRGHfNQXPHQ NDW zQ{UJHLDQ WÎQ IDºOZQ GDLP²QZQ� � �NRºVDQWHMJ�U GL� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ NKUXVV²PHQRQ SDUDJHQKV²PHQRQ WµQ &ULVW²Q� NDiNRODVTKVRP{QRXM GL� SXUµM WR½M �VHEHlM WÎQ �QTUÈSZQ� SURHE�OORQWR SROOR½MOHFT¡QDL OHJRP{QRXM XdR½M WÙ 'Lp� QRPf]RQWHM GXQ�VHVTDL zQHUJ¡VDL WHUDWRORJfDQ�J�VDVTDL WR½M �QTUÈSRXM W� SHUi WµQ &ULVWµQ NDi ³PRLD WRlM ¸Sµ WÎQ SRLKWÎQOHFTHlVL� � NDi WDÀWD G zO{FTK NDi zQ t(OOKVLQ NDi zQ }TQHVL S�VLQ� ³SRX P�OORQzS�NRXRQ WÎQ SURIKWÎQ SLVWHXT�VHVTDL WµQ &ULVWµQ SURNKUXVV²QWZQ� � ³WL G~ NDi�NRºRQWHM W� GL� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ OHJ²PHQD R¹N zQ²RXQ �NULEÎM� �OO ÆM SODQÈPHQRLzPLP�VDQWR W� SHUi WµQ �P{WHURQ &ULVW²Q� GLDVDI�VRPHQ� �0ZXV¡M RÂQ °SURI�WKM� ÆM SUR{IKPHQ� SUHVEºWHURM £Q S�QWZQ VXJJUDI{ZQ� NDi GL D¹WRÀ� ÆMSURHPKQºVDPHQ� SURHIKWHºTK R»WZM� 2¹N zNOHf\HL �UFZQ z[ ,RºGD NDi �JRºPHQRMzN WÎQ PKUÎQ D¹WRÀ� |ZM �Q }OT9 Ú �S²NHLWDL� NDi D¹WµM }VWDL SURVGRNfD zTQÎQ�GHVPHºZQ SUµM �PSHORQ WµQ SÎORQ D¹WRÀ� SOºQZQ W�Q VWRO�Q D¹WRÀ zQ DgPDWLVWDIXO¡M� � WRºWZQ RÂQ WÎQ SURIKWLNÎQ O²JZQ �NRºVDQWHM Rd GDfPRQHM 'L²QXVRQP~Q }IDVDQ JHJRQ{QDL XdµQ WRÀ 'L²M� H¸UHW�Q G~ JHQ{VTDL �PS{ORX SDU{GZNDQ� NDiRnQRQ zQ WRlM PXVWKUfRLM D¹WRÀ �QDJU�IRXVL� NDi GLDVSDUDFT{QWD D¹WµQ�QHOKOXT{QDL HeM R¹UDQµQ zGfGD[DQ� � NDi zSHLG� GL� W¡M 0ZXV{ZM SURIKWHfDM R¹

Page 24: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

�KWÎM zVKPDfQHWR� HhWH XdµM WRÀ THRÀ ° SDUDJHQKV²PHQ²M zVWL� NDi He ±FRºPHQRM zSiSÈORX zSi J¡M PHQHl   HeM R¹UDQµQ �QHOHºVHWDL� NDi Wµ WRÀ SÈORX ´QRPD NDi ´QRXSÎORQ NDi gSSRX VKPDfQHLQ zGºQDWR� P� zSLVW�PHQRL HhWH ´QRX SÎORQ �JZQ }VWDLVºPERORQ W¡M SDURXVfDM D¹WRÀ HhWH gSSRX ° SURNKUXVV²PHQRM� NDi XdµM THRÀ zVWLQ�ÆM SUR{IKPHQ�   �QTUÈSRX� WµQ %HOOHURI²QWKQ NDi D¹WµQ zI gSSRX 3KJ�VRX��QTUZSRQ z[ �QTUÈSRX JHQ²PHQRQ� HeM R¹UDQµQ }IDVDQ �QHOKOXT{QDL� � ³WH G~�NRXVDQ GL� WRÀ �OORX SURI�WRX +VDfRX OHFT{Q� ³WL GL� SDUT{QRX WHFT�VHWDL NDiGL yDXWRÀ �QHOHºVHWDL HeM WµQ R¹UDQ²Q� WµQ 3HUV{D OHFT¡QDL SURHE�OORQWR� � NDi³WH }JQZVDQ HeUKP{QRQ� ÆM SURO{OHNWDL zQ WDlM SURJHJUDPP{QDLM SURIKWHfDLM�,VFXUµM ÆM JfJDM GUDPHlQ °G²Q� WµQ C+UDNO{D eVFXUµQ NDi zNSHULQRVW�VDQWD W�QS�VDQ J¡Q }IDVDQ� �� ³WH G~ S�OLQ }PDTRQ SURIKWHXT{QWD THUDSHºVHLQ D¹WµQS�VDQ Q²VRQ NDi QHNUR½M �QHJHUHlQ WµQ $VNOKSLµQ SDU�QHJNDQ�/9� $OO R¹GDPRÀ R¹G zSf WLQRM WÎQ OHJRP{QZQ XdÎQ WRÀ 'LµM Wµ VWDXUZT¡QDLzPLP�VDQWR� R¹ J�U zQRHlWR D¹WRlM� VXPEROLNÎM� ÆM SURGHG�OZWDL� WÎQ HeM WRÀWRHeUKP{QZQ S�QWZQ OHOHJP{QZQ� � ³SHU� ÆM SURHlSHQ ° SURI�WKM� Wµ P{JLVWRQVºPERORQ W¡M eVFºRM NDi �UF¡M D¹WRÀ ¸S�UFHL� ÆM NDi zN WÎQ ¸S ´\LQ SLSW²QWZQGHfNQXWDL� NDWDQR�VDWH J�U S�QWD W� zQ WÙ N²VP-� He �QHX WRÀ VF�PDWRM WRºWRXGLRLNHlWDL   NRLQZQfDQ }FHLQ GºQDWDL� � T�ODVVD P~Q J�U R¹ W{PQHWDL�  Q P� WRÀWRWµ WU²SDLRQ� ¶ NDOHlWDL dVWfRQ� zQ W­ QKq VÎRQ PHfQ9� J¡ G~ R¹N �URÀWDL �QHX D¹WRÀ�VNDSDQHlM G~ W�Q zUJDVfDQ R¹ SRLRÀQWDL R¹G~ EDQDXVRXUJRi °PRfZM He P� GL� WÎQ WµVF¡PD WRÀWR zF²QWZQ zUJDOHfZQ� � Wµ G~ �QTUÈSHLRQ VF¡PD R¹GHQi �OO- WÎQ�O²JZQ ]ÈZQ GLDI{UHL�   WÙ ±UT²Q WH HnQDL NDi }NWDVLQ FHLUÎQ }FHLQ NDi zQ WÙSURVÈS- �Sµ WRÀ PHWZSfRX WHWDP{QRQ WµQ OHJ²PHQRQ PX[ZW¡UD I{UHLQ� GL RÁ � WH�QDSQR� zVWL WÙ ]È-� NDi R¹G~Q �OOR GHfNQXVLQ   Wµ VF¡PD WRÀ VWDXURÀ� � NDi GL�WRÀ SURI�WRX G~ zO{FTK R»WZM� 3QHÀPD SUµ SURVÈSRX �PÎQ FULVWµM NºULRM� � NDi W�SDU ¸PlQ G~ VºPEROD W�Q WRÀ VF�PDWRM WRºWRX GºQDPLQ GKORl� >gQD �PH@OÎPHQ NDiWÎQ WURSDfZQ� GL ÏQ Dg WH SU²RGRL ¸PÎQ SDQWDFRÀ JfQRQWDL� W¡M �UF¡M NDi GXQ�PHZMW� VKPHlD zQ WRºWRLM GHLNQºQWHM� He NDi P� QRRÀQWHM WRÀWR SU�WWHWH� � NDi WÎQ SDU¸PlQ �SRTQKVN²QWZQ D¹WRNUDW²UZQ W�M HeN²QDM zSi WRºW- WÙ VF�PDWL �QDWfTHWH�NDi THR½M GL� JUDPP�WZQ zSRQRP�]HWH� � NDi GL� O²JRX RÂQ NDi VF�PDWRM WRÀIDLQRP{QRX� ³VK GºQDPLM� SURWUH\�PHQRL ¸P�M �QHºTXQRL RhGDPHQ ORLSµQ ´QWHM� N�Q¸PHlM �SLVWHlWH� Wµ J�U �P{WHURQ J{JRQH NDi SHS{UDQWDL�/9,� 2¹N �UN{VTKVDQ G~ Rd IDÀORL GDfPRQHM SUµ W¡M IDQHUÈVHZM WRÀ &ULVWRÀ HeSHlQWR½M OHFT{QWDM XdR½M WÙ 'Lq JHJRQ{QDL� �OO zSHLG�� IDQHUZT{QWRM D¹WRÀ NDiJHQRP{QRX zQ �QTUÈSRLM� NDi ³SZM GL� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ SURHNHN�UXNWR }PDTRQ NDi zQSDQWi J{QHL SLVWHX²PHQRQ NDi SURVGRNÈPHQRQ }JQZVDQ� S�OLQ� ÆM SURHGKOÈVDPHQ�SURHE�OORQWR �OORXM� 6fPZQD P~Q NDi 0{QDQGURQ �Sµ 6DPDUHfDM� Rj NDi PDJLN�MGXQ�PHLM SRL�VDQWHM SROOR½M z[KS�WKVDQ NDi }WL �SDWZP{QRXM }FRXVL� � NDi J�USDU ¸PlQ� ÆM SUR{IKPHQ� zQ W­ EDVLOfGL C5ÈP9 zSi .ODXGfRX .DfVDURM JHQ²PHQRM °6fPZQ NDi W�Q dHU�Q VºJNOKWRQ NDi WµQ G¡PRQ C5ZPDfZQ HeM WRVRÀWR NDWHSO�[DWR�ÆM THµM QRPLVT¡QDL NDi �QGUL�QWL� ÆM WR½M �OORXM SDU ¸PlQ WLPZP{QRXM THRºM�WLPKT¡QDL� � ³THQ W�Q WH dHU�Q VºJNOKWRQ NDi WµQ G¡PRQ WµQ ¸P{WHURQVXQHSLJQÈPRQDM WDºWKM �PÎQ W¡M �[LÈVHZM SDUDODEHlQ DeWRÀPHQ� gQ� Hh WLM HhK WRlM�S zNHfQRX GLG�JPDVL NDWHF²PHQRM� W�OKT~M PDTËQ W�Q SO�QKQ IXJHlQ GXQKT­�� NDi WµQ �QGUL�QWD� He ERºOHVTH� NDTDLU�VDWH�

Page 25: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

/9,,� 2¹ J�U P� JHQ{VTDL W�Q zNSºUZVLQ zSi NRO�VHL WÎQ �VHEÎQ Rd IDÀORL GDfPRQHMSHlVDL GºQDQWDL� ³QSHU WU²SRQ R¹G~ ODTHlQ WµQ &ULVWµQ SDUDJHQ²PHQRQ hVFXVDQSU�[DL� �OO zNHlQR P²QRQ� WR½M �O²JZM ELRÀQWDM NDi zPSDTÎM zQ }THVL IDºORLMWHTUDPP{QRXM NDi ILORGR[RÀQWDM �QDLUHlQ �P�M NDi PLVHlQ� GºQDQWDL SRL¡VDL� R¾MR¹ P²QRQ R¹ PLVRÀPHQ� �OO� ÆM GHfNQXWDL� zOHRÀQWHM PHWDT{VTDL SHlVDL ERXO²PHTD�� R¹ J�U GHGRfNDPHQ T�QDWRQ� WRÀ S�QWZM �SRTDQHlQ °PRORJRXP{QRX� NDi PKGHQµM�OORX NDLQRÀ �OO   WÎQ D¹WÎQ zQ W­GH W­ GLRLN�VHL ´QWZQ� ÏQ He P~Q N²URM WR½MPHWDVF²QWDM N�Q zQLDXWRÀ }F9� gQD �Hi ÐVL NDi �SDTHlM NDi �QHQGHHlM� WRlM�PHW{URLM GLG�JPDVL SURV{FHLQ GHl� � He G �SLVWRÀVL PKG~Q HnQDL PHW� T�QDWRQ��OO HeM �QDLVTKVfDQ FZUHlQ WR½M �SRTQ�VNRQWDM �SRIDfQRQWDL� SDTÎQ WÎQzQWDÀTD NDi FUHLÎQ �P�M �X²PHQRL H¹HUJHWRÀVLQ� yDXWR½M G~ IDºORXM NDiPLVDQTUÈSRXM NDi ILORG²[RXM GHLNQºRXVLQ� R¹ J�U ÆM �SDOO�[RQWHM �P�M�QDLURÀVLQ� �OO ÆM �SRVWHURÀQWHM ]Z¡M NDi �GRQ¡M IRQHºRXVL�/9,,,� .Di 0DUNfZQD G~ WµQ �Sµ 3²QWRX� ÆM SUR{IKPHQ� SURHE�OORQWR Rd IDÀORLGDfPRQHM� ¶M �UQHlVTDL P~Q WµQ SRLKW�Q WÎQ R¹UDQfZQ NDi JKpQZQ �S�QWZQ THµQ NDiWµQ SURNKUXFT{QWD GL� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ &ULVWµQ XdµQ D¹WRÀ NDi QÀQ GLG�VNHL� �OORQG{ WLQD NDWDJJ{OOHL SDU� WµQ GKPLRXUJµQ WµQ S�QWZQ THµQ NDi °PRfZM |WHURQ Xd²Q�� Ú SROORi SHLVT{QWHM ÆM P²Q- W�OKT¡ zSLVWDP{Q-� �PÎQ NDWDJHOÎVLQ� �S²GHL[LQPKGHPfDQ SHUi ÏQ O{JRXVLQ }FRQWHM� �OO� �O²JZM ÆM ¸Sµ OºNRX �UQHMVXQKUSDVP{QRL ERU� WÎQ �T{ZQ GRJP�WZQ NDi GDLP²QZQ JfQRQWDL� � R¹ J�U �OOR WL�JZQf]RQWDL Rd OHJ²PHQRL GDfPRQHM�   �S�JHLQ WR½M �QTUÈSRXM �Sµ WRÀ SRL�VDQWRMTHRÀ NDi WRÀ SUZWRJ²QRX D¹WRÀ &ULVWRÀ� NDi WR½M P~Q W¡M J¡M P� zSDfUHVTDLGXQDP{QRXM WRlM JKpQRLM NDi FHLURSRL�WRLM SURV�OZVDQ NDi SURVKORÀVL� WR½M G~ zSiTHZUfDQ THfZQ °UPÎQWDM ¸SHNNURºRQWHM�  Q P� ORJLVPµQ VÈIURQD NDi NDTDUµQ NDi�SDT¡ EfRQ }FZVLQ� HeM �V{EHLDQ zPE�OORXVLQ�/,;� t,QD G~ NDi SDU� WÎQ �PHW{UZQ GLGDVN�OZQ� O{JRPHQ G~ WRÀ O²JRX WRÀ GL� WÎQSURIKWÎQ� ODE²QWD WµQ 3O�WZQD P�TKWH Wµ HeSHlQ� »OKQ �PRUIRQ RÂVDQ VWU{\DQWDWµQ THµQ N²VPRQ SRL¡VDL� �NRºVDWH WÎQ D¹WROH[Hi HeUKP{QZQ GL� 0ZXV{ZM� WRÀSURGHGKOZP{QRX SUÈWRX SURI�WRX NDi SUHVEXW{URX WÎQ zQ t(OOKVL VXJJUDI{ZQ� GLRÁ PKQºRQ Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD� SÎM W�Q �UF�Q NDi zN WfQZQ zGKPLRºUJKVHQ ° THµMWµQ N²VPRQ� }IK R»WZM� � (Q �UF­ zSRfKVHQ ° THµM WµQ R¹UDQµQ NDi W�Q J¡Q� � � G~J¡ £Q �²UDWRM NDi �NDWDVNHºDVWRM� NDi VN²WRM zS�QZ W¡M �EºVVRX� NDi SQHÀPDTHRÀ zSHI{UHWR zS�QZ WÎQ ¸G�WZQ� � NDi HnSHQ ° TH²M� *HQKT�WZ IÎM� NDi zJ{QHWRR»WZM� � ÉVWH O²J- THRÀ zN WÎQ ¸SRNHLP{QZQ NDi SURGKOZT{QWZQ GL� 0ZXV{ZMJHJHQ¡VTDL WµQ S�QWD N²VPRQ� NDi 3O�WZQ NDi Rd WD¹W� O{JRQWHM NDi �PHlMzP�TRPHQ� NDi ¸PHlM SHLVT¡QDL GºQDVTH� � NDi Wµ NDORºPHQRQ u(UHERM SDU� WRlMSRLKWDlM HeU¡VTDL SU²WHURQ ¸Sµ 0ZXV{ZM RhGDPHQ�/;� .Di Wµ zQ WÙ SDU� 3O�WZQL 7LPDf- IXVLRORJRºPHQRQ SHUi WRÀ XdRÀ WRÀ THRÀ�³WH O{JHL� (FfDVHQ D¹WµQ zQ WÙ SDQWf� SDU� 0ZXV{ZM ODEËQ °PRfZM HnSHQ� � zQ J�UWDlM 0ZXV{ZM JUDIDlM �QDJ{JUDSWDL� ÆM NDW zNHlQR WRÀ NDLURÀ� ³WH z[¡OTRQ �Sµ$eJºSWRX Rd ,VUDKOlWDL NDi JHJ²QDVLQ zQ W­ zU�P-� �S�QWKVDQ D¹WRlM eRE²OD

Page 26: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

TKUfD� }FLGQDf WH NDi �VSfGHM NDi ´IHZQ S�Q J{QRM� ¶ zTDQ�WRX WµQ OD²Q��� NDi NDWzSfSQRLDQ NDi zQ{UJHLDQ W�Q SDU� WRÀ THRÀ OHJRP{QKQ ODEHlQ WµQ 0ZXV{D FDONµQNDi SRL¡VDL WºSRQ VWDXURÀ NDi WRÀWRQ VW¡VDL zSi W­ �JfY VNKQ­ NDi HeSHlQ WÙ ODÙ�(�Q SURVEO{SKWH WÙ WºS- WRºW- NDi SLVWHºKWH� zQ D¹WÙ VZT�VHVTH� � NDiJHQRP{QRX WRºWRX WR½M P~Q ´IHLM �SRTDQHlQ �Q{JUD\H� WµQ G~ ODµQ zNIXJHlQ WµQT�QDWRQ R»WZM SDU{GZNHQ� � � �QDJQR½M 3O�WZQ NDi P� �NULEÎM zSLVW�PHQRM� PKG~QR�VDM WºSRQ HnQDL VWDXURÀ �OO� FfDVPD QR�VDM� W�Q PHW� WµQ SUÎWRQ THµQGºQDPLQ NHFL�VTDL zQ WÙ SDQWi HnSH� � NDi Wµ HeSHlQ D¹WµQ WUfWRQ� zSHLG�� ÆMSURHfSRPHQ� zS�QZ WÎQ ¸G�WZQ �Q{JQZ ¸Sµ 0ZXV{ZM HeUKP{QRQ zSLI{UHVTDL Wµ WRÀTHRÀ SQHÀPD� � GHXW{UDQ P~Q J�U FÈUDQ WÙ SDU� THRÀ O²J-� ¶Q NHFL�VTDL zQ WÙSDQWi }IK� GfGZVL� W�Q G~ WUfWKQ WÙ OHFT{QWL zSLI{UHVTDL WÙ »GDWL SQHºPDWL� HeSÈQ�7� G~ WUfWD SHUi WµQ WUfWRQ� � NDi ÆM zNSºUZVLQ JHQ�VHVTDL GL� 0ZXV{ZMSURHP�QXVH Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD� �NRºVDWH� � }IK G~ R»WZM� .DWDE�VHWDL �Hf]ZRQSÀU NDi NDWDI�JHWDL P{FUL W¡M �EºVVRX N�WZ� �� R¹ W� D¹W� RÂQ �PHlM �OORLMGR[�]RPHQ� �OO Rd S�QWHM W� �P{WHUD PLPRºPHQRL O{JRXVL� �� SDU �PlQ RÂQ }VWLWDÀWD �NRÀVDL NDi PDTHlQ SDU� WÎQ R¹G~ WR½M FDUDNW¡UDM WÎQ VWRLFHfZQzSLVWDP{QZQ� eGLZWÎQ P~Q NDi EDUE�UZQ Wµ IT{JPD� VRIÎQ G~ NDi SLVWÎQ WµQ QRÀQ´QWZQ� NDi SKUÎQ NDi F�UZQ WLQÎQ W�M ´\HLM� ÆM VXQHlQDL R¹ VRIfY �QTUZSHfYWDÀWD JHJRQ{QDL� �OO� GXQ�PHL THRÀ O{JHVTDL�/;,� v2Q WU²SRQ G~ NDi �QHT�NDPHQ yDXWR½M WÙ THÙ NDLQRSRLKT{QWHM GL� WRÀ&ULVWRÀ� z[KJKV²PHTD� ³SZM P� WRÀWR SDUDOLS²QWHM G²[ZPHQ SRQKUHºHLQ WL zQ W­z[KJ�VHL� � ³VRL �Q SHLVTÎVL NDi SLVWHºZVLQ �OKT¡ WDÀWD W� ¸I �PÎQGLGDVN²PHQD NDi OHJ²PHQD HnQDL� NDi ELRÀQ R»WZM GºQDVTDL ¸SLVFQÎQWDL� H¼FHVTDfWH NDi DeWHlQ QKVWHºRQWHM SDU� WRÀ THRÀ WÎQ SURKPDUWKP{QZQ �IHVLQ GLG�VNRQWDL��PÎQ VXQHXFRP{QZQ NDi VXQQKVWHX²QWZQ D¹WRlM� � }SHLWD �JRQWDL ¸I �PÎQ }QTD»GZU zVWf� NDi WU²SRQ �QDJHQQ�VHZM� ¶Q NDi �PHlM D¹WRi �QHJHQQ�TKPHQ��QDJHQQÎQWDL� zS ±Q²PDWRM J�U WRÀ SDWUµM WÎQ ³OZQ NDi GHVS²WRX THRÀ NDi WRÀVZW¡URM �PÎQ ,KVRÀ &ULVWRÀ NDi SQHºPDWRM �JfRX Wµ zQ WÙ »GDWL W²WH ORXWUµQSRLRÀQWDL� � NDi J�U ° &ULVWµM HnSHQ� w$Q P� �QDJHQQKT¡WH� R¹ P� HeV{OTKWH HeM W�QEDVLOHfDQ WÎQ R¹UDQÎQ� � ³WL G~ NDi �GºQDWRQ HeM W�M P�WUDM WÎQ WHNRXVÎQ WR½M�SD[ JHQRP{QRXM zPE¡QDL� IDQHUµQ S�VfQ zVWL� � NDi GL� +VDfRX WRÀ SURI�WRX� ÆMSURHJU�\DPHQ� HhUKWDL� WfQD WU²SRQ IHº[RQWDL W�M �PDUWfDM Rd �PDUW�VDQWHM NDiPHWDQRRÀQWHM� � zO{FTK G~ R»WZM� /RºVDVTH� NDTDURi J{QHVTH� �I{OHWH W�M SRQKUfDM�Sµ WÎQ \XFÎQ ¸PÎQ� P�THWH NDOµQ SRLHlQ� NUfQDWH ±UIDQÙ NDi GLNDLÈVDWH F�UDQ�NDi GHÀWH NDi GLDOHFTÎPHQ� O{JHL NºULRM� NDi z�Q ÐVLQ Dd �PDUWfDL ¸PÎQ ÆMIRLQLNRÀQ� ÆVHi }ULRQ OHXNDQÎ� NDi z�Q ÐVLQ ÆM N²NNLQRQ� ÆM FL²QD OHXNDQÎ� � z�QG~ P� HeVDNRºVKW{ PRX� P�FDLUD ¸P�M NDW{GHWDL� Wµ J�U VW²PD NXUfRX zO�OKVHWDÀWD� � NDi O²JRQ G~ HeM WRÀWR SDU� WÎQ �SRVW²OZQ zP�TRPHQ WRÀWRQ� �� zSHLG�W�Q SUÈWKQ J{QHVLQ �PÎQ �JQRRÀQWHM NDW �Q�JNKQ JHJHQQ�PHTD z[ ¸JU�M VSRU�MNDW� Pl[LQ W�Q WÎQ JRQ{ZQ SUµM �OO�ORXM NDi zQ }THVL IDºORLM NDi SRQKUDlM�QDWURIDlM JHJ²QDPHQ� ³SZM P� �Q�JNKM W{NQD PKG~ �JQRfDM P{QZPHQ �OO�SURDLU{VHZM NDi zSLVW�PKM� �I{VHÈM WH �PDUWLÎQ ¸S~U ÏQ SURKP�UWRPHQ WºFZPHQ�zQ WÙ »GDWL zSRQRP�]HWDL WÙ yORP{Q- �QDJHQQKT¡QDL NDi PHWDQR�VDQWL zSi WRlM�PDUWKP{QRLM Wµ WRÀ SDWUµM WÎQ ³OZQ NDi GHVS²WRX THRÀ ´QRPD� D¹Wµ WRÀWR P²QRQzSLO{JRQWRM WRÀ WµQ ORXV²PHQRQ �JRQWRM zSi Wµ ORXWU²Q� �� ´QRPD J�U WÙ �UU�W-THÙ R¹GHiM }FHL HeSHlQ� He G{ WLM WROP�VHLHQ HnQDL O{JHLQ� P{PKQH W�Q �VZWRQ PDQfDQ��� NDOHlWDL G~ WRÀWR Wµ ORXWUµQ IZWLVP²M� ÆM IZWL]RP{QZQ W�Q GL�QRLDQ WÎQ WDÀWDPDQTDQ²QWZQ� �� NDi zS ±Q²PDWRM G~ ,KVRÀ &ULVWRÀ� WRÀ VWDXUZT{QWRM zSi 3RQWfRX3LO�WRX� NDi zS ±Q²PDWRM SQHºPDWRM �JfRX� ¶ GL� WÎQ SURIKWÎQ SURHN�UX[H W�NDW� WµQ ,KVRÀQ S�QWD� ° IZWL]²PHQRM ORºHWDL�

Page 27: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

/;,,� .Di Wµ ORXWUµQ G� WRÀWR �NRºVDQWHM Rd GDfPRQHM GL� WRÀ SURI�WRXNHNKUXJP{QRQ zQ�UJKVDQ NDi �DQWf]HLQ yDXWR½M WR½M HeM W� dHU� D¹WÎQ zSLEDfQRQWDMNDi SURVL{QDL D¹WRlM P{OORQWDM� ORLE�M NDi NQfVDM �SRWHORÀQWDM� W{OHRQ G~ NDiORºHVTDL �SL²QWDM SUiQ zOTHlQ zSi W� dHU�� }QTD gGUXQWDL� zQHUJRÀVL� � NDi J�U Wµ¸SROºHVTDL zSLEDfQRQWDM WRlM dHURlM NDi WRlM D¹WRlM WR½M TUKVNHºRQWDM NHOHºHVTDL¸Sµ WÎQ dHUDWHX²QWZQ zN WÎQ VXPE�QWZQ 0ZXVHl WÙ HeUKP{Q- SURI�W9 PDT²QWHM RdGDfPRQHM zPLP�VDQWR� � NDW zNHlQR J�U WRÀ NDLURÀ ³WH 0ZXV¡M zNHOHºVTKNDWHOTËQ HeM $hJXSWRQ z[DJDJHlQ WµQ zNHl ODµQ WÎQ ,VUDKOLWÎQ� SRLPDfQRQWRMD¹WRÀ zQ W­ $UUDELN­ J­ SU²EDWD WRÀ SUµM PKWUµM THfRX� zQ eG{Y SXUµM zN E�WRXSURVZPfOKVHQ D¹WÙ ° �P{WHURM &ULVW²M� NDi HnSHQ� C8S²OXVDL W� ¸SRG�PDW� VRXNDi SURVHOTËQ �NRXVRQ� � ° G~ ¸SROXV�PHQRM NDi SURVHOTËQ �N�NRH NDWHOTHlQ HeM$hJXSWRQ NDi z[DJDJHlQ WµQ zNHl ODµQ WÎQ ,VUDKOLWÎQ� NDi GºQDPLQ eVFXU�Q }ODEHSDU� WRÀ ODO�VDQWRM D¹WÙ zQ eG{Y SXUµM &ULVWRÀ� NDi NDWHOTËQ z[�JDJH WµQ ODµQSRL�VDM PHJ�OD NDi TDXP�VLD� � He ERºOHVTH PDTHlQ� zN WÎQ VXJJUDPP�WZQzNHfQRX �NULEÎM PDT�VHVTH�/;,,,� ,RXGDlRL G~ S�QWHM NDi QÀQ GLG�VNRXVL WµQ �QZQ²PDVWRQ THµQ OHODOKN{QDL WÙ0ZXVHl� � ³THQ Wµ SURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD GL� +VDfRX WRÀ SURPHPKQXP{QRX SURI�WRXzO{JFRQ D¹WRºM� ÆM SURHJU�\DPHQ� HnSHQ� u(JQZ ERÀM WµQ NWKV�PHQRQ NDi ´QRM W�QI�WQKQ WRÀ NXUfRX D¹WRÀ� ,VUD�O G{ PH R¹N }JQZ NDi ° OD²M PH R¹ VXQ¡NH� � NDi,KVRÀM G~ ° &ULVW²M� ³WL R¹N }JQZVDQ ,RXGDlRL Wf SDW�U NDi Wf Xd²M� °PRfZM zO{JFZQD¹WR½M NDi D¹WµM HnSHQ� 2¹GHiM }JQZ WµQ SDW{UD He P� ° Xd²M� R¹G~ WµQ XdµQ He P� °SDW�U NDi RmM �Q �SRNDOº\9 ° Xd²M� � ° O²JRM G~ WRÀ THRÀ zVWLQ ° XdµM D¹WRÀ� ÆMSUR{IKPHQ� � NDi �JJHORM G~ NDOHlWDL NDi �S²VWRORM� D¹WµM J�U �SDJJ{OOHL ³VDGHl JQZVT¡QDL� NDi �SRVW{OOHWDL� PKQºVZQ ³VD �JJ{OOHWDL� ÆM NDi D¹WµM ° NºULRM�PÎQ HnSHQ� C2 zPRÀ �NRºZQ �NRºHL WRÀ �SRVWHfODQW²M PH� � NDi zN WÎQ WRÀ0ZXV{ZM G~ VXJJUDPP�WZQ IDQHUµQ WRÀWR JHQ�VHWDL� � O{OHNWDL G~ zQ D¹WRlMR»WZM� .Di zO�OKVH 0ZXVHl �JJHORM THRÀ zQ IORJi SXUµM zN W¡M E�WRX NDi HnSHQ�(JÈ HePL ° ÊQ� THµM $EUD�P� THµM ,VD�N� THµM ,DNÈE� ° THµM WÎQ SDW{UZQ VRX�� N�WHOTH HeM $hJXSWRQ NDi z[�JDJH WµQ OD²Q PRX� � W� G yS²PHQD z[ zNHfQZQERXO²PHQRL PDTHlQ GºQDVTH� R¹ J�U GXQDWµQ zQ WRºWRLM �QDJU�\DL S�QWD� �� �OOHeM �S²GHL[LQ JHJ²QDVLQ RgGH Rd O²JRL ³WL XdµM THRÀ NDi �S²VWRORM ,KVRÀM ° &ULVW²MzVWL� SU²WHURQ O²JRM ÊQ� NDi zQ eG{Y SXUµM SRW~ IDQHfM� SRW~ G~ NDi zQ HeN²QL�VZP�W-� QÀQ G~ GL� THO�PDWRM THRÀ ¸S~U WRÀ �QTUZSHfRX J{QRXM �QTUZSRMJHQ²PHQRM ¸S{PHLQH NDi SDTHlQ ³VD D¹WµQ zQ�UJKVDQ Rd GDfPRQHM GLDWHT¡QDL ¸SµWÎQ �QR�WZQ ,RXGDfZQ� �� RgWLQHM }FRQWHM �KWÎM HeUKP{QRQ zQ WRlM 0ZXV{ZMVXQW�JPDVL� .Di zO�OKVHQ �JJHORM WRÀ THRÀ WÙ 0ZXVHl zQ SXUi IORJµM zQ E�W-NDi HnSHQ� (JÈ HePL ° ÊQ� ° THµM $EUD�P NDi ° THµM ,VD�N NDi ° THµM ,DNÈE� WµQ WÎQ³OZQ SDW{UD NDi GKPLRXUJµQ WµQ WDÀWD HeS²QWD O{JRXVLQ HnQDL� �� ³THQ NDi WµSURIKWLNµQ SQHÀPD zO{JFRQ D¹WR½M HnSHQ� ,VUD�O G{ PH R¹N }JQZ� NDi ° OD²M PH R¹VXQ¡NH� �� NDi S�OLQ ° ,KVRÀM� ÆM zGKOÈVDPHQ� SDU D¹WRlM ÍQ HnSHQ� 2¹GHiM }JQZWµQ SDW{UD He P� ° Xd²M� R¹G~ WµQ XdµQ He P� ° SDW�U NDi RmM �Q ° XdµM �SRNDOº\9��� ,RXGDlRL RÂQ �JKV�PHQRL �Hi WµQ SDW{UD WÎQ ³OZQ OHODOKN{QDL WÙ 0ZXVHl� WRÀODO�VDQWRM D¹WÙ ´QWRM XdRÀ WRÀ THRÀ� ¶M NDi �JJHORM NDi �S²VWRORM N{NOKWDL�GLNDfZM zO{JFRQWDL NDi GL� WRÀ SURIKWLNRÀ SQHºPDWRM NDi GL D¹WRÀ WRÀ &ULVWRÀ�ÆM R¼WH WµQ SDW{UD R¼WH WµQ XdµQ }JQZVDQ� �� Rd J�U WµQ XdµQ SDW{UD I�VNRQWHMHnQDL zO{JFRQWDL P�WH WµQ SDW{UD zSLVW�PHQRL� PKT ³WL zVWiQ XdµM WÙ SDWUi WÎQ³OZQ JLQÈVNRQWHM� ¶M NDi O²JRM SUZW²WRNRM ÍQ WRÀ THRÀ NDi THµM ¸S�UFHL� �� NDiSU²WHURQ GL� W¡M WRÀ SXUµM PRUI¡M NDi HeN²QRM �VZP�WRX WÙ 0ZXVHl NDi WRlM

Page 28: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

yW{URLM SURI�WDLM zI�QK� QÀQ G zQ FU²QRLM W¡M ¸PHW{UDM �UF¡M� ÆM SURHfSRPHQ� GL�SDUT{QRX �QTUZSRM JHQ²PHQRM NDW� W�Q WRÀ SDWUµM ERXO�Q ¸S~U VZWKUfDM WÎQSLVWHX²QWZQ D¹WÙ NDi z[RXTHQKT¡QDL NDi SDTHlQ ¸S{PHLQHQ� gQD �SRTDQËQ NDi�QDVW�M QLN�V9 WµQ T�QDWRQ� �� Wµ G~ HeUKP{QRQ zN E�WRX WÙ 0ZXVHl� (JÈ HePL °ÊQ� ° THµM $EUD�P NDi ° THµM ,VD�N NDi ° THµM ,DNËE NDi ° THµM WÎQ SDW{UZQ VRX�VKPDQWLNµQ WRÀ NDi �SRTDQ²QWDM zNHfQRXM P{QHLQ NDi HnQDL D¹WRÀ WRÀ &ULVWRÀ�QTUÈSRXM� NDi J�U SUÎWRL WÎQ S�QWZQ �QTUÈSZQ zNHlQRL SHUi THRÀ ]�WKVLQ�VFRO�TKVDQ� $EUD�P P~Q SDW�U ÍQ WRÀ ,VD�N� ,VD�N G~ WRÀ ,DNÈE� ÆM NDi0ZXV¡M �Q{JUD\H�/;,9� .Di Wµ �QHJHfUHLQ G~ Wµ HhGZORQ W¡M OHJRP{QKM .²UKM zSi WDlM WÎQ ¸G�WZQSKJDlM zQHUJ¡VDL WR½M GDfPRQDM� O{JRQWDM TXJDW{UD D¹W�Q HnQDL WRÀ 'L²M�PLPKVDP{QRXM Wµ GL� 0ZXV{ZM HeUKP{QRQ� zN WÎQ SURHLUKP{QZQ QR¡VDL GºQDVTH�� }IK J�U ° 0ZXV¡M� ÆM SURHJU�\DPHQ� (Q �UF­ zSRfKVHQ ° THµM WµQ R¹UDQµQ NDiW�Q J¡Q� � � G~ J¡ £Q �²UDWRM NDi �NDWDVNHºDVWRM� NDi SQHÀPD THRÀ zSHI{UHWRzS�QZ WÎQ ¸G�WZQ� � HeM PfPKVLQ RÂQ WRÀ OHFT{QWRM zSLIHURP{QRX WÙ »GDWLSQHºPDWRM THRÀ W�Q .²UKQ TXJDW{UD WRÀ 'LµM }IDVDQ� � NDi W�Q $TKQ�Q G~ °PRfZMSRQKUHX²PHQRL TXJDW{UD WRÀ 'LµM }IDVDQ� R¹N �Sµ Pf[HZM� �OO� zSHLG� zQQRKT{QWDWµQ THµQ GL� O²JRX WµQ N²VPRQ SRL¡VDL }JQZVDQ� ÆM W�Q SUÈWKQ }QQRLDQ }IDVDQ W�Q$TKQ�Q� ³SHU JHORL²WDWRQ �JRºPHTD HnQDL� W¡M zQQRfDM HeN²QD SDUDI{UHLQ TKOHLÎQPRUI�Q� � NDi °PRfZM WR½M �OORXM OHJRP{QRXM XdR½M WRÀ 'LµM Dd SU�[HLMzO{JFRXVLQ�/;9� C+PHlM G~ PHW� Wµ R»WZM ORÀVDL WµQ SHSHLVP{QRQ NDi VXJNDWDWHTHLP{QRQ zSiWR½M OHJRP{QRXM �GHOIR½M �JRPHQ� }QTD VXQKJP{QRL HeVf� NRLQ�M H¹F�M SRLKV²PHQRL¸S{U WH yDXWÎQ NDi WRÀ IZWLVT{QWRM NDi �OOZQ SDQWDFRÀ S�QWZQ H¹W²QZM� ³SZMNDWD[LZTÎPHQ W� �OKT¡ PDT²QWHM NDi GL }UJZQ �JDTRi SROLWHXWDi NDi IºODNHM WÎQzQWHWDOP{QZQ H¸UHT¡QDL� ³SZM W�Q DeÈQLRQ VZWKUfDQ VZTÎPHQ� � �OO�ORXMILO�PDWL �VSD]²PHTD SDXV�PHQRL WÎQ H¹FÎQ� � }SHLWD SURVI{UHWDL WÙ SURHVWÎWLWÎQ �GHOIÎQ �UWRM NDi SRW�ULRQ »GDWRM NDi NU�PDWRM� NDi RÁWRM ODEËQ DnQRQ NDiG²[DQ WÙ SDWUi WÎQ ³OZQ GL� WRÀ ±Q²PDWRM WRÀ XdRÀ NDi WRÀ SQHºPDWRM WRÀ �JfRX�QDS{PSHL NDi H¹FDULVWfDQ ¸S~U WRÀ NDWK[LÎVTDL WRºWZQ SDU D¹WRÀ zSi SRO½SRLHlWDL� RÁ VXQWHO{VDQWRM W�M H¹F�M NDi W�Q H¹FDULVWfDQ S�M ° SDUËQ ODµMzSHXIKPHl O{JZQ� $P�Q� � Wµ G~ $P�Q W­ C(EUDpGL IZQ­ Wµ *{QRLWR VKPDfQHL�� H¹FDULVW�VDQWRM G~ WRÀ SURHVWÎWRM NDi zSHXIKP�VDQWRM SDQWµM WRÀ ODRÀ RdNDORºPHQRL SDU �PlQ GL�NRQRL GLG²DVLQ yN�VW- WÎQ SDU²QWZQ PHWDODEHlQ �Sµ WRÀH¹FDULVWKT{QWRM �UWRX NDi RhQRX NDi »GDWRM NDi WRlM R¹ SDURÀVLQ �SRI{URXVL�/;9,� .Di � WURI� D»WK NDOHlWDL SDU �PlQ H¹FDULVWfD� ¢M R¹GHQi �OO- PHWDVFHlQz[²Q zVWLQ   WÙ SLVWHºRQWL �OKT¡ HnQDL W� GHGLGDJP{QD ¸I �PÎQ� NDi ORXVDP{Q- Wµ¸S~U �I{VHZM �PDUWLÎQ NDi HeM �QDJ{QQKVLQ ORXWU²Q� NDi R»WZM ELRÀQWL ÆM °&ULVWµM SDU{GZNHQ� � R¹ J�U ÆM NRLQµQ �UWRQ R¹G~ NRLQµQ S²PD WDÀWD ODPE�QRPHQ��OO ¶Q WU²SRQ GL� O²JRX THRÀ VDUNRSRLKTHiM ,KVRÀM &ULVWµM ° VZW�U �PÎQ NDiV�UND NDi DmPD ¸S~U VZWKUfDM �PÎQ }VFHQ� R»WZM NDi W�Q GL H¹F¡M O²JRX WRÀ SDUD¹WRÀ H¹FDULVWKTHlVDQ WURI�Q� z[ ¢M DmPD NDi V�UNHM NDW� PHWDERO�Q WU{IRQWDL�PÎQ� zNHfQRX WRÀ VDUNRSRLKT{QWRM ,KVRÀ NDi V�UND NDi DmPD zGLG�FTKPHQ HnQDL�

Page 29: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

� Rd J�U �S²VWRORL zQ WRlM JHQRP{QRLM ¸S D¹WÎQ �SRPQKPRQHºPDVLQ� � NDOHlWDLH¹DJJ{OLD� R»WZM SDU{GZNDQ zQWHW�OTDL D¹WRlM� WµQ ,KVRÀQ ODE²QWD �UWRQH¹FDULVW�VDQWD HeSHlQ� 7RÀWR SRLHlWH HeM W�Q �Q�PQKVfQ PRX� WRÀW zVWL Wµ VÎP�PRX� NDi Wµ SRW�ULRQ °PRfZM ODE²QWD NDi H¹FDULVW�VDQWD HeSHlQ� 7RÀW² zVWL WµDmP� PRX� NDi P²QRLM D¹WRlM PHWDGRÀQDL� � ³SHU NDi zQ WRlM WRÀ 0fTUD PXVWKUfRLMSDU{GZNDQ JfQHVTDL PLPKV�PHQRL Rd SRQKURi GDfPRQHM� ³WL J�U �UWRM NDi SRW�ULRQ»GDWRM WfTHWDL zQ WDlM WRÀ PXRXP{QRX WHOHWDlM PHW zSLO²JZQ WLQÎQ�   zSfVWDVTH  PDTHlQ GºQDVTH�/;9,,� C+PHlM G~ PHW� WDÀWD ORLSµQ �Hi WRºWZQ �OO�ORXM �QDPLPQ�VNRPHQ� NDi Rd}FRQWHM WRlM OHLSRP{QRLM S�VLQ zSLNRXURÀPHQ� NDi VºQHVPHQ �OO�ORLM �Hf� � zSiS�Vf WH RmM SURVIHU²PHTD H¹ORJRÀPHQ WµQ SRLKW�Q WÎQ S�QWZQ GL� WRÀ XdRÀ D¹WRÀ,KVRÀ &ULVWRÀ NDi GL� SQHºPDWRM WRÀ �JfRX� � NDi W­ WRÀ �OfRX OHJRP{Q9 �P{UYS�QWZQ NDW� S²OHLM   �JUR½M PHQ²QWZQ zSi Wµ D¹Wµ VXQ{OHXVLM JfQHWDL� NDi W��SRPQKPRQHºPDWD WÎQ �SRVW²OZQ   W� VXJJU�PPDWD WÎQ SURIKWÎQ �QDJLQÈVNHWDL�P{FULM zJFZUHl� � HnWD SDXVDP{QRX WRÀ �QDJLQÈVNRQWRM ° SURHVWËM GL� O²JRX W�QQRXTHVfDQ NDi SU²NOKVLQ W¡M WÎQ NDOÎQ WRºWZQ PLP�VHZM SRLHlWDL� � }SHLWD�QLVW�PHTD NRLQ­ S�QWHM NDi H¹F�M S{PSRPHQ� NDf� ÆM SUR{IKPHQ� SDXVDP{QZQ�PÎQ W¡M H¹F¡M �UWRM SURVI{UHWDL NDi RnQRM NDi »GZU� NDi ° SURHVWËM H¹F�M °PRfZMNDi H¹FDULVWfDM� ³VK GºQDPLM D¹WÙ� �QDS{PSHL� NDi ° ODµM zSHXIKPHl O{JZQ Wµ$P�Q� NDi � GL�GRVLM NDi � PHW�OK\LM �Sµ WÎQ H¹FDULVWKT{QWZQ yN�VW- JfQHWDL�NDi WRlM R¹ SDURÀVL GL� WÎQ GLDN²QZQ S{PSHWDL� � Rd H¹SRURÀQWHM G~ NDi ERXO²PHQRLNDW� SURDfUHVLQ |NDVWRM W�Q yDXWRÀ ¶ ERºOHWDL GfGZVL� NDi Wµ VXOOHJ²PHQRQ SDU�WÙ SURHVWÎWL �SRWfTHWDL� NDi D¹WµM zSLNRXUHl ±UIDQRlM WH NDi F�UDLM� NDi WRlM GL�Q²VRQ   GL �OOKQ DeWfDQ OHLSRP{QRLM� NDi WRlM zQ GHVPRlM RÂVL� NDi WRlMSDUHSLG�PRLM RÂVL [{QRLM� NDi �SOÎM S�VL WRlM zQ FUHfY RÂVL NKGHPËQ JfQHWDL� � W�QG~ WRÀ �OfRX �P{UDQ NRLQ­ S�QWHM W�Q VXQ{OHXVLQ SRLRºPHTD� zSHLG� SUÈWK zVWiQ�P{UD� zQ ® ° THµM Wµ VN²WRM NDi W�Q »OKQ WU{\DM N²VPRQ zSRfKVH� NDi ,KVRÀM&ULVWµM ° �P{WHURM VZW�U W­ D¹W­ �P{UY zN QHNUÎQ �Q{VWK� W­ J�U SUµ W¡M NURQLN¡MzVWDºUZVDQ D¹W²Q� NDi W­ PHW� W�Q NURQLN�Q� �WLM zVWiQ �OfRX �P{UD� IDQHiM WRlM�SRVW²ORLM D¹WRÀ NDi PDTKWDlM zGfGD[H WDÀWD� �SHU HeM zSfVNH\LQ NDi ¸PlQ�QHGÈNDPHQ�/;9,,,� .Di He P~Q GRNHl ¸PlQ O²JRX NDi �OKTHfDM }FHVTDL� WLP�VDWH D¹W�� He G~ O¡URM¸PlQ GRNHl� ÆM OKUZGÎQ SUDJP�WZQ NDWDIURQ�VDWH� NDi P� ÆM NDW zFTUÎQ NDW�WÎQ PKG~Q �GLNRºQWZQ T�QDWRQ °Uf]HWH� � SURO{JRPHQ J�U ¸PlQ ³WL R¹N zNIHº[HVTHW�Q zVRP{QKQ WRÀ THRÀ NUfVLQ� z�Q zSLP{QKWH W­ �GLNfY� NDi �PHlM zSLER�VRPHQ� v2IfORQ WÙ THÙ WRÀWR JHQ{VTZ� � .Di z[ zSLVWRO¡M G~ WRÀ PHJfVWRX NDi zSLIDQHVW�WRX.DfVDURM $GULDQRÀ� WRÀ SDWUµM ¸PÎQ� }FRQWHM �SDLWHlQ ¸P�M NDT� �[LÈVDPHQNHOHÀVDL W�M NUfVHLM JHQ{VTDL� R¹N zN WRÀ NHNUlVTDL WRÀWR ¸Sµ $GULDQRÀ P�OORQ�[LÈVDPHQ� �OO zN WRÀ zSfVWDVTDL GfNDLD �[LRÀQ W�Q SURVIÈQKVLQ NDi z[�JKVLQSHSRL�PHTD� � ¸SHW�[DPHQ G~ NDi W¡M zSLVWRO¡M $GULDQRÀ Wµ �QWfJUDIRQ� gQD NDiNDW� WRÀWR �OKTHºHLQ �P�M JQZUf]KWH� � NDi }VWL Wµ �QWfJUDIRQ WRÀWR�$GULDQRÀ ¸S~U &ULVWLDQÎQ zSLVWRO��0LQRXNf- )RXQGDQÙ�� (SLVWRO�Q zGH[�PKQ JUDIHlV�Q PRL �Sµ 6HUKQfRX *UDQLDQRÀ� ODPSURW�WRX�QGU²M� ³QWLQD V½ GLHG{[Z� � R¹ GRNHl RÂQ PRL Wµ SU�JPD �]�WKWRQ NDWDOLSHlQ� gQDP�WH Rd �QTUZSRL WDU�WWZQWDL NDi WRlM VXNRI�QWDLM FRUKJfD NDNRXUJfDM

Page 30: Justinus. Apologia Ikhazarzar.skeptik.net/books/justinus/apolog1g.pdf · Justinus. Apologia I ... NDi

-XVWLQXV��$SRORJLD�,

��

SDUDVFHT­� � �Q RÂQ VDIÎM HeM WDºWKQ W�Q �[fZVLQ Rd zSDUFLÎWDL GºQZQWDLGLoVFXUf]HVTDL NDW� WÎQ &ULVWLDQÎQ� ÆM NDi SUµ E�PDWRM �SRNUfQHVTDL� zSi WRÀWRP²QRQ WUDSÎVLQ� �OO R¹N �[LÈVHVLQ R¹G~ P²QDLM ERDlM� � SROOÙ J�U P�OORQSURV¡NHQ� Hh WLM NDWKJRUHlQ ERºORLWR� WRÀW² VH GLDJLQÈVNHLQ� �� Hh WLM RÂQNDWKJRUHl NDi GHfNQXVf WL SDU� WR½M Q²PRXM SU�WWRQWDM� R»WZM GL²UL]H NDW� W�QGºQDPLQ WRÀ �PDUW�PDWRM� ÆM P� WµQ C+UDNO{D� Hh WLM VXNRIDQWfDM F�ULQ WRÀWRSURWHfQRL� GLDO�PEDQH ¸S~U W¡M GHLQ²WKWRM� NDi IU²QWL]H ³SZM �Q zNGLN�VHLDM�

KWWS���EDUQDVFKD�QDURG�UXKWWS���NKD]DU]DU�VNHSWLN�QHW