k ar rk b;r k gb uk Ál ik s rm ab ;ga civ k mµf un t ucsokly.yolasite.com/resources/management...

k ar RK b;R K gb uK Ál ik s Rm ab ;G a CIv k mµF un t Uck ar RK b;R K gb uK Ál ik s Rm ab ;G a CIv k mµF un t Uck ar RK b;R K gb uK Ál ik s Rm ab ;G a CIv k mµF un t Uck ar RK b;R K gb uK Ál ik s Rm ab ;G a CIv k mµF un t Uc

7 > kare pÞr kar garn igT Mn Yl x us Rt Uv7 > kare pÞr kar garn igT Mn Yl x us Rt Uv7 > kare pÞr kar garn igT Mn Yl x us Rt Uv7 > kare pÞr kar garn igT Mn Yl x us Rt Uv (Delegating Work and Responsibility)

k> etIsiT§iGMN a cma nb:uN Ña ? x > etIGñkR bK l;siT§iGMN a ceTA [GñkN a? K > ka rbBa¢a k;bkR s ay BIka repÞr X > rkSa ka rR tYtBinitü g> ka rbgVwkbuK Álikrbs;Gñk

c> G nuBaØa t[buK ÁlikeFVIka r

ka repÞrka rga r TMnYlxus R tUv ni gsiT§iGMN a cenA kñúgR kumh‘unmY y K WBi)a k eR Ba Hva C aka rG nuBaØa ti[GñkepSgeFVIka rsMercc itþkñ úgka r cMN a y fvika rbs;GñkR K b;R K gC a m©a s;. y a:geha cN a s; GñkK YrE tepÞrsiT§iGMN a c[R K b;R K an;sMra b;eF VIka rga r nigG n uBaØa ti [Gñk C MnYy ka rma nkMnitpþÜcepþ Im n ige FVi[R btibt þika renA E td MeN IreTA mux eBlE d lGñkG v tþma n.

ka rE N naMenHBiPa kSa BIka rR tYtR ta GñkTaMgL a yN aE d lma nTMnYlxus R tUv nigsiT§GMna c nigBI ka rbgVwkBYkeK [ma nbsid ækmµed a y xøÜnÉ g. v a s gát;F¶ n;BIs a r³ sMx a n;é nka rG nuBaØa ti[GñkC MnYy ka rE d lma ns mtßPa BeFVIka rta mrebo brbs;eK pÞa l; C a Ca gka rTTUccg; [eK eFVIka rd Ucrbo bGñkR K b;R KgC a m©a s;eFVIe na HeT.

ka repÞrka rga rnigka rTTYlxus RtUv R bE hlC aka rga rBi)a kbMput E d lGñkR K b;R KgEd lCa m© as;RtUv E tero n. GñkR K b;R K gxøHmin E d l eFVId Uce nHeT. BYkeK TTUccg ;eFV I ka rga rniged a HRs a y bBaða ed ay xøÜnÉ g. GñkxøHfa E tma t;b:ue N Ña H ehIy ka rBitenA E tsMercGIV² ed a y xøÜnÉ g. BYkeK pþl;[GñkCMnYy ka rnUv TMnYlxus R tUv C a eR cIn b:uE nþma nsiT§iGMN a cbnþ icbn þÜcb ¤k¾ K µa nTa l;E tes a H. k> etIsiT§iGMN a cma nb:uN Ña ? (How much Authority?) siT§GMN a cC a eR bg\ n§n³ E d leFVI[ma:sIuned Ir eTA mux enA eBlE d lGñkepÞrka rga rnigTMn Ylxus R tUv . v a sYrfa ³ etIvis a lPa Bb:u N Ña E d lGñkG nuBaØti[mnusSmña k;e pSgeTo tmksMerccit þkñúgka rcM N a y fvika rbs;R kumh‘unGñk? sMnYrenHm inga y R sYleqøIy eT,I y . C Ynka lGñkRK b;R K gE d lC a m© as;R tUv E trkmeFüa )a y eda HRs ay v a enA eBlK a t;y l;R s b dUc E d lelakfmR )asWr (Tom Brasser) eFVI. ema TnPa Brbs;K a t;cM eBa HkMBUlburs eFV I[lM)a ksMra b;K a t;kñúgka rE bgE cksiT§GMna c. K a t;)a nBüa y a meFVI b:uE n þK a t;R sga k

citþ E d lka repÞrrbs;K a t;minl¥ d UcK a t;K iteLIy .

é f¶mYy enA eBlE d lK a t;R tlb;mkBId MenIrC Mn Yj C a elIkdMbUgr y ³ eBlxøI ela k Brasser )a ne d Irecj BIka riy a l½y rbs;K a t;ed a y xwgsM)a ry a:gxøaMg. Ka t;)a nR KvIR kd as bBa¢IR )a k;E x mYy KMnr rY cE R s ky a:gxøaMgfa { etInrN a E d lG num½tR )a k;bMN a c;elIs ema:g (overtime) TaMgG s;enH enA eB lE d l´ enA q¶a y ? } { ´ eFVIv a } R bFa np litkmµeqøIy tb.

ed a y eXIj fa buK ÁlikTaMgG s;ga kmkemIlK a t;E R skGMBIGVI e la k Brasser TMla k;sMelgcuH. K a t;k¾ed IrcUleTA kñúgka riy a l½y vij ed a y naMR bFa np litkmµeTA C a mYy p g. enA TIena HK a t;R )a b;R bFa np litkmµfa { ela kma nes ckIþkøa ha nG nuBaØa ti[ma nR )a k; bMN a c;elIs ema:g. enHenA E tC a R kumh‘un rbs; ehIy ´ nwgsMer ccitþfa et IeyIgnwgeR bIt Mé lbE nßm(extra costs)GVI. ela kdwgc,a s; ehIy tMé lrbs;eyIgminB wgE p¥keTA elIka rbg;cMna y elIG R ta elIs ema:gena HeT. } R bFa np litkmµtb { R twmR tUv ehIy b :uE nþ ela k)a nR )a b; fa ´ TTYlbnÞúk TaMgR sugE pñkp litkmµ. ela k)a nniy a y fa ´ KYrE tbnþka rxñH E xñg[)a nsMerc\ cwgehIy )a n C a ´ nwgminh Ys eBlkMN t;E d lR tUv s gka rR bK l;TMnij eLIy . } ela k Brasser )a nniy a y { R tUv ehIy ta mka rBit´ rMlwwk[Gñks r- es rBIka rbBa¢a Tij BIrE d leTIb munnwg´ ecj BITIR kug. } R bFa np litkmµtb { GñkG a cniy a y E bbena HmþgeTo t. ehIy kñúgka r bBa¢a Tij BIrenHma nka rbBa¢a Tij d¾FME d lminTa n;bg; E d lC a ehtueFV I[´ G num½tnUv R )a k;bMN a c;elIs ema:genH. ela k Brasser niy a y { ´ nwgeFVIka rga rd E d lenH eb I enA TIenH. b :uuE nþ cUr eyI geFVI[ma nlkçN ³ ka n;E tR besIrsMra b;é f¶G na K t. ca b;BIeBléf¶enH teTA R )a k;bMN a c;elIs ema:gcaM)a c;R tUv ka rka ry l;R BmBI . eyIgR tUv E trkSa ka rcMna y ta mbeN þa y (costs in line) . }

bnÞab;mk elak Brasser eFVI [cb;bBaða C a mYy R bFa nna y kd æa nd é TeTo trbs;K a t; rYmma n GñkR K b;R K gka riy a l½y nigPña k;ga rTij (purchasing agent). K a t;)a nehA BYkeK [cUlmkkñúg rYcR )a b;BYkeK BIGVIE d lekItma neLIg ehIy eFVI[R )a kd fa siT§iGMna crb s; BYkeK minra b;bBa© Úlka rsMercci tþE d lbegáInka rcMna y R btibtþ i ka ré nR kumh‘uneLIy . K a t;bBa¢ a k;fa ka rsMercE bbenHR tUv ma nka ry l; R BmBIK a t;BIeR Ba Hv aC aR kumh‘unr bs;K a t;. K a t;K WC a GñkE d lnwgx a tbg; R bsinebI nigenA eBlE d lka rcMN ay elIs R )a k;cMen j E d;l TTYl)a n.

b:uE nþ R bsin ebIGñkR K b;R K gEd lC a m©a s;R tUv E td MenIrka rR kumh‘un [eC a KC ½y GñkR tUv E tepÞrsiT§i GMna c[)a ns mR s b. siT§iGMn a c )a ns mR s bb:uN Ña K WG aR s½y elIsßa nPa Brbs;Gñk. y:a geha cN a s; k¾GñkK YrE tepÞrnUv siT§ iGM N a clµmR K b;R Ka n; ³ ¬1 ¦[ka rga rd MeNIrka r)a n ¬2¦G nuBaØa ti[buK ÁliksMx a n;² pþÜcepþImK Mni t n ig ¬3¦eFVI[ka rga renA E td MeN IkareBlGñkG v tþma n. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

x > etIGñkR bK l;siT§iGMN a ceTA [GñkN a? (To Whom Do You Delegate?)

ka repÞrnUv TMn Ylxus R tUv minE mnRK a n;E tniy a y eTA ka n;GñkC MnYy ka rfa { mkenH Gñkka n;ka b;ha gN a+ } . mnusSE dlGñkepÞrTM nYlxus R tUv nigsiT§iGMN a c[ R tUv E tma ns mtßPa BenA kñúgE pñkbec© keTs E d lGñk[BYkeK TTYlxus R tUv . y a:gN a k¾ed a y v a minTa n;R K b;

R K a n;eT.

elIs BIenHeTA eTo t GñkE d lbMeBj tYna TIR K b;R K genA kñúgR kumh‘unR tUv E tC a GñkR K b;R K gmña k; b¤k¾C a GñkE d lG a ckøa y C aGñkRK b;R K g )a n. ka rga rcMbgrbs;GñkR K b;R K gK WR tUv ero bcME p nka r dwknaM nigsMrbsMrYlka rga rrbs;Gñkd é TeTo t. GñkRK b;R K gmña k;K YrEtma n ka repþImK MnitcM na b;G a rmµN _ nig ka rR s emIR s é m. GñkRK b;R K gna y kdæa nmña k;R tUv E tma nka rCMruj ed a y xøÜnÉ g ed Im,Ica b;epþ Im nigeFV I [kic© ka rTaMgBYgdMeN Irka reTA mux . GñkR K b;R K gmña k;minK Yr[eK R )a b; ]ThrN _d UcC a etIbuK Á likca b;epþImeFV Ika rTa n;em:a gb¤e T.

lkçN ³ é ncriy a sm,tþiR tUv E tTTYl)a nka rBica rN a . GñkR K b;RK gmña k;d ¾sMx a n;K YrE trwgmaM ma nqnÞHR K b;R K a n;ed Im,IBuHBa rka rCMTa s; R bqaMg enA eBlcaM)a c; n igK YrE tma np gEd rnUv TsSn³ pÞa l;xøÜned Im,IemIleXIj fa l¥ b:uE nþm inrh U td l;køa y eTA C aGñkR bqaMgC a mYy buK Álikena HeT. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

K > ka rbBa¢a k;bkR s ay BIka repÞr (Spell Out the Delegation)

GñkE d lma ns mtßPa Bcg;d wgBIGVIE d lBYkeK R tUv TTYlxus R tUv . bTBies a Fn_r bs; Charles P. Wiley bgða j fa etIGñkR K b;R K gRtUv [BYkeK dwgy a:gd Ucemþc? K a t;)a nca b;epþImed a y begáItR kumh‘u ntUcmYy . K a t;)a nE bgE ckv aC a bIna y kdæa n K WE pñkp litkmµ E pñk lk; nigE pñkrd æ)a l.

GñkR K b;R K gEd lka n;ka b;p litkmµTTYlxus R tUv cMeBa Hka rpSay Ba NiC ¢kmµ sMeN IBIG tifiC n nigbMer IG tifiC n. ela k Wiley )a n ca t;Tuk E pñkrd æ)a lfa C a TIsña k;ka r nigC a G gÁPa Bes v akmµsMrab;E pñkBIrepSgeTo t. GñkR K b;R K gE pñkenHTTYlxus R tUv cMeBa HbuK Á lik ka rTij nigeF VIbBa¢IK N en yü.

elak Wiley )a neR K a gE p nka rka rG nuv tþn_ nignI tiviFI na na caM)a c;C a mYYy nwgbN þa GñkC MnYy ka rrbs;K a t; ed Im,I[d MeN Irka rka rga r. bN þa GñkCMnYy ka rrbs;K a t;C Yy C a Bies s kñúgka rbgða j BIdMeN IrC a n;elIK ña b¤Pa BxVHcenøa HmYy cM nYnkñ úgTMn Ylxus R tUv E d lR bK l;[. bnÞa b;mk K a t;s res rnIt iviFIC a la y l½kçG kSr. d UecñHehIy Gñ kR tYtBinitüemIlmña k;² ma nr)a y ka rN_lMGitBImux ga rrbs;na y k- d æa nnImYy ² nigvis a lPa Bé nsiT§iGMna cmña k;² .

r)a y ka rN_enHrYmma nbBa¢Is k mµPa BC a k;la k; E d lBYkeK eFVIt a mKMnitpþ ÜcepþImpÞa l; nigbBa¢Is kmµPa BE d ltMrUv [ma nka ry l;R Bm cMeBa Hela k Wiley b¤GñkC MnYy ka rR K b;R K gTUeTA eBlK a t;G v tþma n.

elak Wiley )a nK itGMBI eBlev la E dlK a t;G a cG v tþma nBIera gcR k. edIm,IR )a kd fa GVI² enA E td MeN Irka reTA mux GñkR K b;R K gplit kmµR tUv )a nE tgtaMgC aGñkCMnYy ka rR K b;R K gTUeTA nigR tUv )a npþl;nUv siT§iGM na c ed Im,Ie FVIka rsMer ccitþTaMgG s; eBlela k WileyG v tþ ma n.

kñúgka rK itGMBIG v tþma n ela k Wiley)a n ed IrmYy C Mha neTo t. K a t;)a nE N naMR bFa nna y kd æanmña k;² [E tgtaMg nigbN þúHb N þa l

GñkC MnYy ka rmYy rUbE d lGa cdMe N Irka rna y kdæa n R bsinebI ni genA eBltMrUv ka rekItma neLIg .

cUrR )a kd fa na y kd æa nTaMgG s;R tUv )a nsMrbsMrYl enA eBlGñkb Ba¢a k;bkR s ay BIka repÞrTMn Ylxus R tUv nigsiT§iGMna cd l;GñkR K b;R K g sMx a n;mña k;² . dUecñHeh Iy Gñk) a nka t;bnßy nUv »ka s é nka rPa n;R clM k¾d UcC a Fa na G HG a gfaKµa nPa BmnÞils gS½y BInrN a E dlTTYl xus R tUv ka rga rN a mYy eT,Iy . \ cwgehIy GñkR K b;R K gsMx a n;G a cca t;viFa nka rE klMG munnwg ca b;epþImd MeN Ika r. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

X > rkSa ka rR tYtBinitü (Keeping control)

eBlE d lGñkR K b;R K gta mry ³GñkepSgeTo t v a sMx a n;E d lGñkR tUv R tYtBinitü. GñkeFV Iv a ed a y[GñkE d lenA eR ka mbgÁa b;mña k;TTYl xus R tUv cMeBa Hs kmµPa Brbs;eK rYceh Iy Binitü emIlnUv lT§p l é ns kmµPa BTaMgena H.

kñúgka rR tYtBinitüC Mn Yy ka rrbs;Gñk cUrGñkBüa y a meFVI[ma ntu lüPa B. GñkminK YreTA Ba k;B½n§kñúgR btibtþ ika rrbs;GñkR K b;R KgsMx a n;² eT E d lnaM[raMgsÞHka rga rrbs;eK b¤k¾GñkK Yrd kxøÜnecj [q¶a y E d lGñkE lgR tYtR ta elIGVI² TaMgL a y .

GñkR tUv ka rBt’ma ntb (feedback) BIBYkeK ed Im,I[Gñkd wgC a nic© . r)a y ka rN_C a viFIeqø Iy tb d ¾R twmR tUv mYy cMeBlev la. v aG a cC a ka rra y ka rN _R bcaMé f¶ R bcaMs )aþh_ b ¤R bcaME x ed a y Ga R s½y eTA elIGñkR tUv ka rBt’ma nTaMgena Hqa b;y a:gN a. R bFa nna y kd æa nmña k;² G a cra y ka rN_BIka rrIkcMer Inrb s;xøæÜn b¤k¾ka rxVHx a tenA kñúgE pñkp litkmµE d lsmR s bnwgs kmµPa Brbs;xøæÜn.

ka rR bCuMbuK ÁlikC a R bcaM K WC a viFI mYy epSgeTo ted Im,ITTYly knU v ka reqøIy tb. enA kúñgG gÁR bC uM R bFa nna y kdæa nG a ceFVIG tßa Fi b,a y GMBIs kmµPa B ka rTTYleC a K C½y nigbBaða rbs;BYkbuK Álik. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

g> ka rbgVwkbuK Álikrbs;Gñk (Coaching your staff)

sMra b;GñkR K b;R K gC a m© a s; ka repÞrminE mnbBa© b;ed a y ka rR tYtBinitül¥e na HeT. v a k¾Ba k;B½n§C a mYy ka rbgVwkp gE d r eR Ba HlT§Pa B R K b;R KgminE mnTTYl)a nmked a y sV½y R bv tþieLIy . GñkR tUvE tbgða t;beR go nv a dl;eK .

C a ka rsMx a n;N a s; GñkR tUv R )a b;d l;GñkR K b;R K grbs;Gñk R bsinebIGñkkMBugeF VIka rga rrbs;BYk eK . ka rga rmYy E pñkrbs;GñkK WR tUv y l;fa BYkeK TTYlnUv ka rBitE dlBYkeK R tUv ka rsMra b;eFVIka rsMe rccitþ.

GñkK YrE tR )a kd fa Gñkbgða j [eXIj BIrka rK itrbs;Gñk eBlGñkbgVwkC MnYy ka rrbs;Gñk. eBlxøH Ba küsMdImind Ucka rK itrb s;Gñk eT. cUrsYrsMn Yr ed Im, I[R )a kdfa Gñksþa b;y l;BIG tßn½y rbs; Gñk. müa:geTo t ka repÞrG a cma nR bsiT§iPa B E tenA eBlN a EdlGñk ma nka rR )a Rs½y Ta k;TgK ña l¥b:u eN Ña H.

sMx a n;eTA eTo tK Wka rsþa b;. GñkR K b;R KgC am© as;C a eR cInK itE tBIGVIE d lxøÜnkMBugn iy a y b¤nwgn i y a y enA eBlbnÞa b; E d lBYkeK min

sþa b;GñkepSgeTo teT. kñúgka rbgVwkmnusSmña k; R bka rsMx a n;R )a b;fa ehtuGVI )a nC a Gñkpþl;ka rE N naMd l;eK d UcenHeK G a cma nka rrIk cMerI n)a n. eBlE d leK dwgBImUlehtuehIy eK nwgma nlT§Pa BR besIrC a gmunkñúgka rR tYtR ta emIl. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

c> G nuBaØa t[buK ÁlikeFVIka r (Allow Staff to Work)

eBlxøHGñkd wgxøÜnfa ma nka rBa k;B½n§C a mYy R btibtþika rC a eR cIn eTa HbIC a GñkeFVIGVI² TaMgG s;E dlcaM)a c;sMra b;ka repÞrTM nYlxus R tUv k¾ed a y . fVIebIma nsiT i§GMN a cE d leK kMnt;eLIg ka repÞr[mn u sSE d lma ns mtßPa B ka rbBa¢a k;BIka repÞr ka rbnþR tYtBi nitü ni gka r bgVwkk¾ed a y GñkenA E tma nbnÞú kka rga rlMGitepSg² eTo t. ehtuGVI? C a Fmµta Gñkx kx a nmin)a neFV InUv erO gC a G a yuC IvitmYy . Gñk bd ies FminR BmQ renA BIeR kay nigG nuBaØa ti[BYkeK eFVIka rg a r.

ebIsinGñkR tUv epÞrka rga r GñkR tUv pþl;nUv siTi§es rI Pa Bd l;GñkR Kb;R K grbs;GñkeFVIka rga rta mrebo bBYkeK . GñknigR kumhu‘n rb s;Gñk nwgma nbBaða ebIGñkBüa y a mv as;sÞg;C MnYy ka rrbs;Gñked a y fa etIeK eFVIka rta mrebo brbs;Gñ kb¤G t;. K YrE tvinicä ½y BYkeK ta mry ³ lT§p lrbs;eK minE mnta mviFI E d leK eFVIena HeT.

K µa nmnusS2na k;N a E dlma nRbtikmµd UcK ña cMeBa HR K b;sßa nka rN _ena HeT. eR to mcaMemIlviFa n ka rxøH² Ed lca t;eLIgxus BIviFIE d l GñknwgeFVI eTa HbIC a GñkkMN t;eK a lney a )a y )a ny:a gl¥k¾ed a y . C a ka rBit R bsinebIC MnYy k a rrbs;Gñkmña k;ed Irxus BI eK a lney a - )a y rbs;GñkxøaMgeBk GñkR tUv EtnaMeK [R tlb;mkvij . GñkminG a criHK n;E klMG eK ekIteT bnÞ a b;BIlT§p lecj eTA ehIy ena H .

GñkK YrE tcgcaMp gEd rfa enA eBlE d lGñkR K b;R K gE d lC a m© a s;mña k;riHK n;E klMG (second-guess)GñkC MnYy ka rna na GñknwgbM pøa j ka reC OC a k;elIxøÜnÉ g (self-confidence)rbs;BYkeK . ebIGñkC M nYy ka rmña k;minG a cca t;E cgna y kdæa nrbs;xøÜn[GñkeBj cit þe T ehIy R bsinebIeK minBuHBa rn wg K uN vibtþie T GñkR tUv rkGñkepSgmkC MnYs . b:uE nþenA eBlE d llT§p lbgða j BIR bsiT§i Pa Brbs;e K v a C a ka rG nuv tþn_d ¾l¥ed Im,I eco s v agkuMlUkla n;viFa nka rN _E d leKca t;eLIg. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij


7 > kare pÞr kar garn igT Mn Yl x us Rt Uv7 > kare pÞr kar garn igT Mn Yl x us Rt Uv7 > kare pÞr kar garn igT Mn Yl x us Rt Uv7 > kare pÞr kar garn igT Mn Yl x us Rt Uv (Delegating Work and Responsibility)

k> etIsiT§iGMN a cma nb:uN Ña ?

x > etIGñkR bK l;siT§iGMN a ceTA [GñkN a? K > ka rbBa¢a k;bkR s ay BIka repÞr X > rkSa ka rR tYtBinitü g> ka rbgVwkbuK Álikrbs;Gñk

c> G nuBaØa t[buK ÁlikeFVIka r

ka repÞrka rga r TMnYlxus R tUv ni gsiT§iGMN a cenA kñúgR kumh‘unmY y K WBi)a k eR Ba Hva C aka rG nuBaØa ti[GñkepSgeFVIka rsMercc itþkñ úgka r cMN a y fvika rbs;GñkR K b;R K gC a m©a s;. y a:geha cN a s; GñkK YrE tepÞrsiT§iGMN a c[R K b;R K an;sMra b;eF VIka rga r nigG n uBaØa ti [Gñk C MnYy ka rma nkMnitpþÜcepþ Im n ige FVi[R btibt þika renA E td MeN IreTA mux eBlE d lGñkG v tþma n.

ka rE N naMenHBiPa kSa BIka rR tYtR ta GñkTaMgL a yN aE d lma nTMnYlxus R tUv nigsiT§GMna c nigBI ka rbgVwkBYkeK [ma nbsid ækmµed a y xøÜnÉ g. v a s gát;F¶ n;BIs a r³ sMx a n;é nka rG nuBaØa ti[GñkC MnYy ka rE d lma ns mtßPa BeFVIka rta mrebo brbs;eK pÞa l; C a Ca gka rTTUccg; [eK eFVIka rd Ucrbo bGñkR K b;R KgC a m©a s;eFVIe na HeT.

ka repÞrka rga rnigka rTTYlxus RtUv R bE hlC aka rga rBi)a kbMput E d lGñkR K b;R KgEd lCa m© as;RtUv E tero n. GñkR K b;R K gxøHmin E d l eFVId Uce nHeT. BYkeK TTUccg ;eFV I ka rga rniged a HRs a y bBaða ed ay xøÜnÉ g. GñkxøHfa E tma t;b:ue N Ña H ehIy ka rBitenA E tsMercGIV² ed a y xøÜnÉ g. BYkeK pþl;[GñkCMnYy ka rnUv TMnYlxus R tUv C a eR cIn b:uE nþma nsiT§iGMN a cbnþ icbn þÜcb ¤k¾ K µa nTa l;E tes a H. k> etIsiT§iGMN a cma nb:uN Ña ? (How much Authority?) siT§GMN a cC a eR bg\ n§n³ E d leFVI[ma:sIuned Ir eTA mux enA eBlE d lGñkepÞrka rga rnigTMn Ylxus R tUv . v a sYrfa ³ etIvis a lPa Bb:u N Ña E d lGñkG nuBaØti[mnusSmña k;e pSgeTo tmksMerccit þkñúgka rcM N a y fvika rbs;R kumh‘unGñk? sMnYrenHm inga y R sYleqøIy eT,I y . C Ynka lGñkRK b;R K gE d lC a m© as;R tUv E trkmeFüa )a y eda HRs ay v a enA eBlK a t;y l;R s b dUc E d lelakfmR )asWr (Tom Brasser) eFVI. ema TnPa Brbs;K a t;cM eBa HkMBUlburs eFV I[lM)a ksMra b;K a t;kñúgka rE bgE cksiT§GMna c. K a t;)a nBüa y a meFVI b:uE n þK a t;R sga k citþ E d lka repÞrrbs;K a t;minl¥ d UcK a t;K iteLIy .

é f¶mYy enA eBlE d lK a t;R tlb;mkBId MenIrC Mn Yj C a elIkdMbUgr y ³ eBlxøI ela k Brasser )a ne d Irecj BIka riy a l½y rbs;K a t;ed a y xwgsM)a ry a:gxøaMg. Ka t;)a nR KvIR kd as bBa¢IR )a k;E x mYy KMnr rY cE R s ky a:gxøaMgfa { etInrN a E d lG num½tR )a k;bMN a c;elIs ema:g (overtime) TaMgG s;enH enA eB lE d l´ enA q¶a y ? } { ´ eFVIv a } R bFa np litkmµeqøIy tb.

ed a y eXIj fa buK ÁlikTaMgG s;ga kmkemIlK a t;E R skGMBIGVI e la k Brasser TMla k;sMelgcuH. K a t;k¾ed IrcUleTA kñúgka riy a l½y vij ed a y naMR bFa np litkmµeTA C a mYy p g. enA TIena HK a t;R )a b;R bFa np litkmµfa { ela kma nes ckIþkøa ha nG nuBaØa ti[ma nR )a k; bMN a c;elIs ema:g. enHenA E tC a R kumh‘un rbs; ehIy ´ nwgsMer ccitþfa et IeyIgnwgeR bIt Mé lbE nßm(extra costs)GVI. ela kdwgc,a s; ehIy tMé lrbs;eyIgminB wgE p¥keTA elIka rbg;cMna y elIG R ta elIs ema:gena HeT. } R bFa np litkmµtb { R twmR tUv ehIy b :uE nþ

ela k)a nR )a b; fa ´ TTYlbnÞúk TaMgR sugE pñkp litkmµ. ela k)a nniy a y fa ´ KYrE tbnþka rxñH E xñg[)a nsMerc\ cwgehIy )a n C a ´ nwgminh Ys eBlkMN t;E d lR tUv s gka rR bK l;TMnij eLIy . } ela k Brasser )a nniy a y { R tUv ehIy ta mka rBit´ rMlwwk[Gñks r- es rBIka rbBa¢a Tij BIrE d leTIb munnwg´ ecj BITIR kug. } R bFa np litkmµtb { GñkG a cniy a y E bbena HmþgeTo t. ehIy kñúgka r bBa¢a Tij BIrenHma nka rbBa¢a Tij d¾FME d lminTa n;bg; E d lC a ehtueFV I[´ G num½tnUv R )a k;bMN a c;elIs ema:genH. ela k Brasser niy a y { ´ nwgeFVIka rga rd E d lenH eb I enA TIenH. b :uuE nþ cUr eyI geFVI[ma nlkçN ³ ka n;E tR besIrsMra b;é f¶G na K t. ca b;BIeBléf¶enH teTA R )a k;bMN a c;elIs ema:gcaM)a c;R tUv ka rka ry l;R BmBI . eyIgR tUv E trkSa ka rcMna y ta mbeN þa y (costs in line) . }

bnÞab;mk elak Brasser eFVI [cb;bBaða C a mYy R bFa nna y kd æa nd é TeTo trbs;K a t; rYmma n GñkR K b;R K gka riy a l½y nigPña k;ga rTij (purchasing agent). K a t;)a nehA BYkeK [cUlmkkñúg rYcR )a b;BYkeK BIGVIE d lekItma neLIg ehIy eFVI[R )a kd fa siT§iGMna crb s; BYkeK minra b;bBa© Úlka rsMercci tþE d lbegáInka rcMna y R btibtþ i ka ré nR kumh‘uneLIy . K a t;bBa¢ a k;fa ka rsMercE bbenHR tUv ma nka ry l; R BmBIK a t;BIeR Ba Hv aC aR kumh‘unr bs;K a t;. K a t;K WC a GñkE d lnwgx a tbg; R bsinebI nigenA eBlE d lka rcMN ay elIs R )a k;cMen j E d;l TTYl)a n.

b:uE nþ R bsin ebIGñkR K b;R K gEd lC a m©a s;R tUv E td MenIrka rR kumh‘un [eC a KC ½y GñkR tUv E tepÞrsiT§i GMna c[)a ns mR s b. siT§iGMn a c )a ns mR s bb:uN Ña K WG aR s½y elIsßa nPa Brbs;Gñk. y:a geha cN a s; k¾GñkK YrE tepÞrnUv siT§ iGM N a clµmR K b;R Ka n; ³ ¬1 ¦[ka rga rd MeNIrka r)a n ¬2¦G nuBaØa ti[buK ÁliksMx a n;² pþÜcepþImK Mni t n ig ¬3¦eFVI[ka rga renA E td MeN IkareBlGñkG v tþma n. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

x > etIGñkR bK l;siT§iGMN a ceTA [GñkN a? (To Whom Do You Delegate?)

ka repÞrnUv TMn Ylxus R tUv minE mnRK a n;E tniy a y eTA ka n;GñkC MnYy ka rfa { mkenH Gñkka n;ka b;ha gN a+ } . mnusSE dlGñkepÞrTM nYlxus R tUv nigsiT§iGMN a c[ R tUv E tma ns mtßPa BenA kñúgE pñkbec© keTs E d lGñk[BYkeK TTYlxus R tUv . y a:gN a k¾ed a y v a minTa n;R K b; R K a n;eT.

elIs BIenHeTA eTo t GñkE d lbMeBj tYna TIR K b;R K genA kñúgR kumh‘unR tUv E tC a GñkR K b;R K gmña k; b¤k¾C a GñkE d lG a ckøa y C aGñkRK b;R K g )a n. ka rga rcMbgrbs;GñkR K b;R K gK WR tUv ero bcME p nka r dwknaM nigsMrbsMrYlka rga rrbs;Gñkd é TeTo t. GñkRK b;R K gmña k;K YrEtma n ka repþImK MnitcM na b;G a rmµN _ nig ka rR s emIR s é m. GñkRK b;R K gna y kdæa nmña k;R tUv E tma nka rCMruj ed a y xøÜnÉ g ed Im,Ica b;epþ Im nigeFV I [kic© ka rTaMgBYgdMeN Irka reTA mux . GñkR K b;R K gmña k;minK Yr[eK R )a b; ]ThrN _d UcC a etIbuK Á likca b;epþImeFV Ika rTa n;em:a gb¤e T.

lkçN ³ é ncriy a sm,tþiR tUv E tTTYl)a nka rBica rN a . GñkR K b;RK gmña k;d ¾sMx a n;K YrE trwgmaM ma nqnÞHR K b;R K a n;ed Im,IBuHBa rka rCMTa s; R bqaMg enA eBlcaM)a c; n igK YrE tma np gEd rnUv TsSn³ pÞa l;xøÜned Im,IemIleXIj fa l¥ b:uE nþm inrh U td l;køa y eTA C aGñkR bqaMgC a mYy buK Álikena HeT.

eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

K > ka rbBa¢a k;bkR s ay BIka repÞr (Spell Out the Delegation)

GñkE d lma ns mtßPa Bcg;d wgBIGVIE d lBYkeK R tUv TTYlxus R tUv . bTBies a Fn_r bs; Charles P. Wiley bgða j fa etIGñkR K b;R K gRtUv [BYkeK dwgy a:gd Ucemþc? K a t;)a nca b;epþImed a y begáItR kumh‘u ntUcmYy . K a t;)a nE bgE ckv aC a bIna y kdæa n K WE pñkp litkmµ E pñk lk; nigE pñkrd æ)a l.

GñkR K b;R K gEd lka n;ka b;p litkmµTTYlxus R tUv cMeBa Hka rpSay Ba NiC ¢kmµ sMeN IBIG tifiC n nigbMer IG tifiC n. ela k Wiley )a n ca t;Tuk E pñkrd æ)a lfa C a TIsña k;ka r nigC a G gÁPa Bes v akmµsMrab;E pñkBIrepSgeTo t. GñkR K b;R K gE pñkenHTTYlxus R tUv cMeBa HbuK Á lik ka rTij nigeF VIbBa¢IK N en yü.

elak Wiley )a neR K a gE p nka rka rG nuv tþn_ nignI tiviFI na na caM)a c;C a mYYy nwgbN þa GñkC MnYy ka rrbs;K a t; ed Im,I[d MeN Irka rka rga r. bN þa GñkCMnYy ka rrbs;K a t;C Yy C a Bies s kñúgka rbgða j BIdMeN IrC a n;elIK ña b¤Pa BxVHcenøa HmYy cM nYnkñ úgTMn Ylxus R tUv E d lR bK l;[. bnÞa b;mk K a t;s res rnIt iviFIC a la y l½kçG kSr. d UecñHehIy Gñ kR tYtBinitüemIlmña k;² ma nr)a y ka rN_lMGitBImux ga rrbs;na y k- d æa nnImYy ² nigvis a lPa Bé nsiT§iGMna cmña k;² .

r)a y ka rN_enHrYmma nbBa¢Is k mµPa BC a k;la k; E d lBYkeK eFVIt a mKMnitpþ ÜcepþImpÞa l; nigbBa¢Is kmµPa BE d ltMrUv [ma nka ry l;R Bm cMeBa Hela k Wiley b¤GñkC MnYy ka rR K b;R K gTUeTA eBlK a t;G v tþma n.

elak Wiley )a nK itGMBI eBlev la E dlK a t;G a cG v tþma nBIera gcR k. edIm,IR )a kd fa GVI² enA E td MeN Irka reTA mux GñkR K b;R K gplit kmµR tUv )a nE tgtaMgC aGñkCMnYy ka rR K b;R K gTUeTA nigR tUv )a npþl;nUv siT§iGM na c ed Im,Ie FVIka rsMer ccitþTaMgG s; eBlela k WileyG v tþ ma n.

kñúgka rK itGMBIG v tþma n ela k Wiley)a n ed IrmYy C Mha neTo t. K a t;)a nE N naMR bFa nna y kd æanmña k;² [E tgtaMg nigbN þúHb N þa l GñkC MnYy ka rmYy rUbE d lGa cdMe N Irka rna y kdæa n R bsinebI ni genA eBltMrUv ka rekItma neLIg .

cUrR )a kd fa na y kd æa nTaMgG s;R tUv )a nsMrbsMrYl enA eBlGñkb Ba¢a k;bkR s ay BIka repÞrTMn Ylxus R tUv nigsiT§iGMna cd l;GñkR K b;R K g sMx a n;mña k;² . dUecñHeh Iy Gñk) a nka t;bnßy nUv »ka s é nka rPa n;R clM k¾d UcC a Fa na G HG a gfaKµa nPa BmnÞils gS½y BInrN a E dlTTYl xus R tUv ka rga rN a mYy eT,Iy . \ cwgehIy GñkR K b;R K gsMx a n;G a cca t;viFa nka rE klMG munnwg ca b;epþImd MeN Ika r. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

X > rkSa ka rR tYtBinitü (Keeping control)

eBlE d lGñkR K b;R K gta mry ³GñkepSgeTo t v a sMx a n;E d lGñkR tUv R tYtBinitü. GñkeFV Iv a ed a y[GñkE d lenA eR ka mbgÁa b;mña k;TTYl

xus R tUv cMeBa Hs kmµPa Brbs;eK rYceh Iy Binitü emIlnUv lT§p l é ns kmµPa BTaMgena H.

kñúgka rR tYtBinitüC Mn Yy ka rrbs;Gñk cUrGñkBüa y a meFVI[ma ntu lüPa B. GñkminK YreTA Ba k;B½n§kñúgR btibtþ ika rrbs;GñkR K b;R KgsMx a n;² eT E d lnaM[raMgsÞHka rga rrbs;eK b¤k¾GñkK Yrd kxøÜnecj [q¶a y E d lGñkE lgR tYtR ta elIGVI² TaMgL a y .

GñkR tUv ka rBt’ma ntb (feedback) BIBYkeK ed Im,I[Gñkd wgC a nic© . r)a y ka rN_C a viFIeqø Iy tb d ¾R twmR tUv mYy cMeBlev la. v aG a cC a ka rra y ka rN _R bcaMé f¶ R bcaMs )aþh_ b ¤R bcaME x ed a y Ga R s½y eTA elIGñkR tUv ka rBt’ma nTaMgena Hqa b;y a:gN a. R bFa nna y kd æa nmña k;² G a cra y ka rN_BIka rrIkcMer Inrb s;xøæÜn b¤k¾ka rxVHx a tenA kñúgE pñkp litkmµE d lsmR s bnwgs kmµPa Brbs;xøæÜn.

ka rR bCuMbuK ÁlikC a R bcaM K WC a viFI mYy epSgeTo ted Im,ITTYly knU v ka reqøIy tb. enA kúñgG gÁR bC uM R bFa nna y kdæa nG a ceFVIG tßa Fi b,a y GMBIs kmµPa B ka rTTYleC a K C½y nigbBaða rbs;BYkbuK Álik. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

g> ka rbgVwkbuK Álikrbs;Gñk (Coaching your staff)

sMra b;GñkR K b;R K gC a m© a s; ka repÞrminE mnbBa© b;ed a y ka rR tYtBinitül¥e na HeT. v a k¾Ba k;B½n§C a mYy ka rbgVwkp gE d r eR Ba HlT§Pa B R K b;R KgminE mnTTYl)a nmked a y sV½y R bv tþieLIy . GñkR tUvE tbgða t;beR go nv a dl;eK .

C a ka rsMx a n;N a s; GñkR tUv R )a b;d l;GñkR K b;R K grbs;Gñk R bsinebIGñkkMBugeF VIka rga rrbs;BYk eK . ka rga rmYy E pñkrbs;GñkK WR tUv y l;fa BYkeK TTYlnUv ka rBitE dlBYkeK R tUv ka rsMra b;eFVIka rsMe rccitþ.

GñkK YrE tR )a kd fa Gñkbgða j [eXIj BIrka rK itrbs;Gñk eBlGñkbgVwkC MnYy ka rrbs;Gñk. eBlxøH Ba küsMdImind Ucka rK itrb s;Gñk eT. cUrsYrsMn Yr ed Im, I[R )a kdfa Gñksþa b;y l;BIG tßn½y rbs; Gñk. müa:geTo t ka repÞrG a cma nR bsiT§iPa B E tenA eBlN a EdlGñk ma nka rR )a Rs½y Ta k;TgK ña l¥b:u eN Ña H.

sMx a n;eTA eTo tK Wka rsþa b;. GñkR K b;R KgC am© as;C a eR cInK itE tBIGVIE d lxøÜnkMBugn iy a y b¤nwgn i y a y enA eBlbnÞa b; E d lBYkeK min sþa b;GñkepSgeTo teT. kñúgka rbgVwkmnusSmña k; R bka rsMx a n;R )a b;fa ehtuGVI )a nC a Gñkpþl;ka rE N naMd l;eK d UcenHeK G a cma nka rrIk cMerI n)a n. eBlE d leK dwgBImUlehtuehIy eK nwgma nlT§Pa BR besIrC a gmunkñúgka rR tYtR ta emIl. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

c> G nuBaØa t[buK ÁlikeFVIka r (Allow Staff to Work)

eBlxøHGñkd wgxøÜnfa ma nka rBa k;B½n§C a mYy R btibtþika rC a eR cIn eTa HbIC a GñkeFVIGVI² TaMgG s;E dlcaM)a c;sMra b;ka repÞrTM nYlxus R tUv k¾ed a y . fVIebIma nsiT i§GMN a cE d leK kMnt;eLIg ka repÞr[mn u sSE d lma ns mtßPa B ka rbBa¢a k;BIka repÞr ka rbnþR tYtBi nitü ni gka r bgVwkk¾ed a y GñkenA E tma nbnÞú kka rga rlMGitepSg² eTo t. ehtuGVI? C a Fmµta Gñkx kx a nmin)a neFV InUv erO gC a G a yuC IvitmYy . Gñk

bd ies FminR BmQ renA BIeR kay nigG nuBaØa ti[BYkeK eFVIka rg a r.

ebIsinGñkR tUv epÞrka rga r GñkR tUv pþl;nUv siTi§es rI Pa Bd l;GñkR Kb;R K grbs;GñkeFVIka rga rta mrebo bBYkeK . GñknigR kumhu‘n rb s;Gñk nwgma nbBaða ebIGñkBüa y a mv as;sÞg;C MnYy ka rrbs;Gñked a y fa etIeK eFVIka rta mrebo brbs;Gñ kb¤G t;. K YrE tvinicä ½y BYkeK ta mry ³ lT§p lrbs;eK minE mnta mviFI E d leK eFVIena HeT.

K µa nmnusS2na k;N a E dlma nRbtikmµd UcK ña cMeBa HR K b;sßa nka rN _ena HeT. eR to mcaMemIlviFa n ka rxøH² Ed lca t;eLIgxus BIviFIE d l GñknwgeFVI eTa HbIC a GñkkMN t;eK a lney a )a y )a ny:a gl¥k¾ed a y . C a ka rBit R bsinebIC MnYy k a rrbs;Gñkmña k;ed Irxus BI eK a lney a - )a y rbs;GñkxøaMgeBk GñkR tUv EtnaMeK [R tlb;mkvij . GñkminG a criHK n;E klMG eK ekIteT bnÞ a b;BIlT§p lecj eTA ehIy ena H .

GñkK YrE tcgcaMp gEd rfa enA eBlE d lGñkR K b;R K gE d lC a m© a s;mña k;riHK n;E klMG (second-guess)GñkC MnYy ka rna na GñknwgbM pøa j ka reC OC a k;elIxøÜnÉ g (self-confidence)rbs;BYkeK . ebIGñkC M nYy ka rmña k;minG a cca t;E cgna y kdæa nrbs;xøÜn[GñkeBj cit þe T ehIy R bsinebIeK minBuHBa rn wg K uN vibtþie T GñkR tUv rkGñkepSgmkC MnYs . b:uE nþenA eBlE d llT§p lbgða j BIR bsiT§i Pa Brbs;e K v a C a ka rG nuv tþn_d ¾l¥ed Im,I eco s v agkuMlUkla n;viFa nka rN _E d leKca t;eLIg. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij


5 > k arks a gT Mn uk c it þd l;b uK Álik5 > k arks a gT Mn uk c it þd l;b uK Álik5 > k arks a gT Mn uk c it þd l;b uK Álik5 > k arks a gT Mn uk c it þd l;b uK Álik (Building Employee Trust)

k> es ckþIeTo gR tg; x > Pa BR twmR tUv K > briy a ka s nItikmµ X > GñkRK b;R K gbuK Álik

viFIma nR bsiT§Pa BbMputkñ úgka rks a gTMnukcitþelIkE nøge FVIka rg a r K WeFVIka rC a mYy K ña . Kµa neR K OgbMPa n;b ¤bnø Md ¾ma n\ T§iBl (magic

gimmicks) b¤d MeN a HR s a yd ¾sa mBaØN a epSgBIenHeTo teT. TM nukcit þminG a cekItma ned a y s a rebo v tSr_hYs R bma N dMeN IrkMs a nþ Bicnicd ¾F M b¤k ¾l½kçx½N Ðka rga rd ¾G s© a rüena HeT K Wv a ekIteLIg)a nta mry ³ ka reFVIka rga rC aR kum (teamwork)ed a y Pa Besµa HR tg;nigyutþ i Fm’. eTa HbIC a TMnukci tþn igp litPa B K WC a bBaða sµúR K sµa j ehI y R Ka n;C a Epñké nTMna k;TMngrv a gK ña nigK ña k¾ed a y k¾ma nlkçN³ 3eTo t

ha k;d UcC a ma n\ T§iBlC aviC ¢mancMeBa HTMn ukcit þeTA elIG a C Iv kmµFuntU c² ³ 1 > GñkR K b;R K gE dlC am© as;mux C MnYj tUc² ma ncitþT Ula y nige sµa HR tg;GMBIR btibtþika rR bcaMé f¶rbs;R kumhu‘n. 2> GñkR K b;R KgEd lCa m© as;muxC MnYj tUc² y l;R BmcMeBa HeK a lney a )a y buK Álik. 3> GñkR K b;R K gEd lC a m©a s;cM N a y eBlev la eR cInG enked Im,Iy kcitþT ukd a k;cMeBa HTMna k;TMn gC a mYy nigbuK ÁlikeFV Ika rkñúgR kumh‘un.

k> es ckþIeTo gR tg; (Honesty)

ka rla k;G a f’kM)aMgbgá[ma nka rs gS½y . enA eBlN ak¾ed a yEd lBt’ma nma nka rlak;elo meR cIn ka rbkR s a y ka n;E txus . bsid ækmµ (improvement)K uN Pa Bs rub K WE p¥kelIeK a lK MnitE d lfa GñkeFVIka rxVl;xVa y eR cInd UcGñkR K b;R K gE d rGMBIeC a K C½y rbs;G a CIv kmµxøÜn . ka rsikSa BImux C MnYj tUc² bgða j fa buK Álikma nTMena reTA rkka r v a y tMé lR CuleTA elIR )a k;cMen j fa eR cIns n§wks n §a b;. ka rsikSa d Ed l enHk¾bBa¢a k;E d rfa eBlbuK Álik)a nd wgBIr)a y ka rN_hirBaØv tßúB i t² buK ÁlikTaMgG s;k¾TTYlsÁa l;ka rR K b;R K gR )a k;cMN Ulena Hed a y sµ½R K citþ.

eBlE d lma nka rs gS½y BIBt’ma nGVImYy BIsMN a k;buK Álik cUrb kR s ay [BYkeK sþa b;eR Ba Hka rniy a y ed a y Pa Bminc,a s;la s;rbs;BYk eK C H\ T§iBlG a Rkk;d l;xøÜnGñk . x a geR ka menHC aviFIxøH² ed Im,Ieco s v a gbBaða enH ³ - cMN a y eBledIm,Iniy a y crc a C a mYy buK Álikrbs;Gñk - R tUv d wgfa BYkeK kMBugK itBIGVI - rk[eXIj fa BYkeK cg;dwgBIGVI nigR )a b;BYkeK enA eBlN a E dlG a c - kuMR )a b;E tBIcM nucl¥² - [»ka s d l;buK Álikpþl;C a Bt’ma n sMnY r n igsMN UmBr. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

x > Pa BR twmR tUv (Fairness)

Pa BR twmR tUv ma nca b;taMgBIPa Bminpøa s;bþÚr(consistency)kú ñgs kmµPa BeFVIka rrbs;buK Álik nig ka rG nuv tþn_TIpSa rd ¾s mR s b rhUtd l; epSg² Ed lRK b;R KgkE nøgeFVIka r.

eK a lKMnité nd MeN Irka rd ¾R twmRtUv enH t MrUv [G a C Iv kmµtUcmY Yy eK a rBnUv vin½y k,Ünc,a b;n igeK a lney a )a y rbs;xøÜn. ca t;Tukb u K ÁlikesµI² K ña eBlma nbBaða rv a gbuK ÁliknigbuK Álik.

buK ÁliknimYy ² K Yrma n»ka s esµI² Kña ed Im,IeFVIka r[G s;BIlT§Pa Brbs;BYkeK . ka rsMercci tþcM e Ba Hka rpþl;rgVa n; ka rt MelIgz a n³ nigka r lUtla s;eTA mux K YrE tgE tEp¥kelIka rR btibtþika rga r eh Iy ka rR btibtþika rga rK YrR tUv )a nbBa¢a k;[)a nlMGitenA kñúgka rero bra b;BIka rga r. enA eBlE d lka rR btibtþika rga rma nPa BesµIK ña kñúgcMena mbuK Áli kehIy eK K YE teR bIR )a s;nUv Pa B eFVIka ryUrC a g(seniority) ed Im,I pþl;G tßi Pa Bd l;BYkeK .

K nøwHsMx a n;kñúgTM na k;TMngka rga r E d ll¥K Wka rR K b;R K gka rR )a Rs½y Ta k;TgK ña kñúgR kumhu‘n. ka rR )a R s½y Ta k;TgK ña Pa K eR cInbMpu tnwgma n lMhUrC a bTbBa¢a nigka rE N naMe TA ka n;buK Álik. y a:gN a k¾ed ay ka rR )a Rs½y Ta k;TgK ña ¬R BmTaMgPa BeTo gR tg;nigPa BR tw mR tUv ¦KwC a d MeN Irka rpøÚv BIr (two-way process). niey a C itna na Bi)a knwg køa y C aGñkeFVIka rkñúgR kumd ¾v½y qøa tnigs a TrN a s; R bsinebIBY keK min)a n d wgBImUlehtuE d lenA BIeR ka ybTbBa¢a nigka rE N naMeTena H. ehIy k¾sMx a n;p gE d rkñúgka rpþl;[niey a C itnUv »ka s cUlrYmC a K Mnit nig mtiey a bl; munn wgGñkR K b;R K gE d lC a m©a s;R kumh‘uneF VIsMerc ci tþ. enHK WC a ka rbE nßmes ckþIé føfñÚrn igG tßn½y d l;ka rga rkñúgka remIleXIj rbs;niey a C itPa K eR cInbMput ni gR KYs a rrbs;BYkeK .

ka rR )a Rs½y Ta k;TgK ña rYmma n ka rR )a b;buK ÁlikBIka rga rE dlBYkeK ka n;ka b; rebo bE d lmux C MnYj kMBugd MeNIrka r nigka rG Piv D Æn_E p nka r eTA G na K t. ka rtbmkvij (feedback)C a G viC ¢ma nG a ccM)a c;enA eBlxøH b:uE nþka rtbmkvij C a viC ¢ma nK YrE tC a ]bkrN _dMbUgeK sMra b; begáItT Mna k;TM ngl¥rv a gmnusS. kuMePøcfa b uK ÁlikK WC a mnusS ehIy BYkeK nwgrkeXIj G visSas Pa B (insincerity¦. BYkeK nwgeqøIy tbc MeBa Hkic© R bwgE R bgEmnE Tnkñúgka rca t;TukBYkeK fa C amnusSeBj v½y E d lma nka rTTYlxus R tUv . rebo bTa k;TgK ña mins aMj aMumYy cMnYnE d lbegáInk a rR )a R s½y Ta k;TgpøÚv BIr rYmma n ³ - ka rR bC MuR tYtBinitüelIka rga rR btibtþ iC a R bcaM ¬ero gra l;3E xmþg¦ - kþa rbiTR bka s (Bulletin boards) - R bG b;sMbuR tsMN UmBr (Suggestion boxes) - R Bwtþb½R t (Newsletters) - ka rR bC uMC MhrC a eTo gTa t; (Regular open meetings)

eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

K > briy a ka s nItikmµ (The Legal Environment)

mux C MnYj tUc² d MeN Irka renA kñúgbriy ka s R s bc,a b;d ¾sµúR K sµaj mYy Ed lda k;kMritC a eR cIneTA elIka rR bka s eRCIs erIs ka rcMr a j ;erIs y kka rrkka rga r[eFVI nigka r G nuv tþn_c MeBa HbuK ÁlikepSg² eTo t. c,a b;G a cbBa¢a k;GMBIGVIE d lR tUv ka r GVIE d lG a cTTYl)a n nigGVIE d l R tUv ha mX a t;. ra l;R bB½n§R K b;R K gbuK ÁlikR tUv E tBica rN a BIlkçnþik³ (statutes)E d lBa k;B½n§e TA nwgbBaða TaMgG s;enH. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

X > GñkRK b;R K gbuK Álik (Personnel Manager)

mux C MnYj tUc² C a eR cInminG a cé llkrk)a nnUv GñkÉ keTs mña k;E d leFVIka reBj ema:g ed Im,Ied a HR s a y bBaða FnFa nmnusS)a ne T. eTa HbIC a y a:gN a k¾ed a y enA eBlG a CIv kmµma nka rrIkcMerIn r cna s m<½n§rbs;v a ka n;E tsµúR K sµa j ehIy bBaða buK Álikka n;E tekIneLIg TaMgcMnY nnigc Mna y . cMnucC a k; la k;é nmux CMnYj R bePTenH K Wv a eTA C a bgða j [eXIj fa eK caM)a c;R tUv ka rGñkR K b;R K gbuKÁlikeBj b¤ eR kA ema:g. lkçN ³E d lbgða jPa BcaM)a c;enH rYmma n ³ 1 > R kumh‘unma nbuK ÁlikC a g 1 0 0 na k;. 2> s hC IBC a GñktMna g[buK ÁlikTaMgena H.

3> ka rpøa s;bþÚrb uK Álikma nkMrit x<s;N a s; ¬nigé fø¦. 4 > tMrUv ka rcMeBa HkMlaMgka rga rEd lma nCMna j b¤C Mna j xøH² bgá bBaða d l;ka rR bka s eRCIs erIs b¤k¾ka rcMra j ;eR C Is erIs . 5> Twkcitþ (morale) b uK ÁlikTa b. 6> ma nka rR bkYtR bE C gd eNþIm buK Álikl¥² enA elITIpSa r. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij


4> ka rb N þúHb N þa l n ig kar GPiv DÆ n _b uK Álik4> ka rb N þúHb N þa l n ig kar GPiv DÆ n _b uK Álik4> ka rb N þúHb N þa l n ig kar GPiv DÆ n _b uK Álik4> ka rb N þúHb N þa l n ig kar GPiv DÆ n _b uK Álik (Employee Training and Development)

k> eK a lbMN gé nka rbNþúHbN þa lnigka rG Piv D Æn_ x > dMeN Irka ré nka rbNþúHbN þa l

K > ka rkMnt;;B Ies ckþIR tUv ka rsMra b;ka rbN þúHbN þa l

X > ka reRC Is erIs nUv GñkE d lR tUv bN þúHbN þa l

g> eK a ledA é nka rbN þúHbN þal

c> viFIs a R sþbN þúHbN þa l

q> GñkbN þúHbN þa l

C > ka rRK b;R Kgka rbNþúHbN þa l

Q > ka rv ay tMé lelIka rbN þúHbN þa l

K uN Pa Brbs;buK Álik n igka rG Piv D Æn_rbs;BYkeK ed a y qøgka t;ka rhVwkha t; n igka rG b;rM K WC a ktþa cMbgE d leFVI[G a C Iv kmµFunt U crk R )a k;cMenj )a nyUrG E gVg. R bsinebIGñkC YlnigrkSa Tukb uK Áli kl¥² v a KWC a eK alney a )a yd ¾l¥K ñúgka rviniey a K eTA elIka rGPiv D Æn_ C Mna j rbs;BYkeK E d lC a ehtueFVI[BYkeK G a cbegáInp litPa B ka rga rrbs;BYkeK )a n.

C a erO y² ka rbNþúHbN þa lR tUveK eFVIE tcMeBa HbuK Álikfµ I² b:ueN aÑa H. enHK WC a kMhus eR Ba HbuK Álibc© úb,nñ k¾R tUv ka rbN þúHbN þa lE d r ed Im,[BYkeK G a cbt;E bnTa n;s Pa Bka ré ntMrUv ka rrbs;ka rgarE d lma nka rpøa s;bþÚry a:gqa b;r h½s . eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

k> eK a lbMN gé nka rbNþúHbN þa lnigka rG Piv D Æn_ (Purpose of Training and Development)

mUlehtusMra b;bBa¢a k;Pa BrIklU tla s;buK ÁlikrYmma n ³ - ka rbegáIt[ma nbuK ÁlikE d lma ns mtßPa BC a eRs csMra b;C MnY s kE nøgbuK ÁlikN aE d lsuMQ b;; b¤eLIgz a n³ . - ka rbegáIn nUv lT§Pa Brbs;R ku mhu‘n ed Im,Ied IrTa n; nigeR bIR )a s;Pa BrIkcMer Iné nbec© kviTüa ed a y s a rE tbuK Álikma ncMeN HdwgR Kb;R K a n;. - ka rbegáIt[ma nnUv R kumka rga rE d lma ncitþka n;E tR s la j;ka rga rnigma nR bsiT§Pa BR K b;R K an; E d leFVI[C MhrR bkYtR bE C grbs;R kum h‘unka n;E tR besIreLIg nigelIk kMBs;Twkcitþ (morale) r bs;bu K Álik. - ka rFa na )a nR K b;R ka n;nUv FnF a nmnusSsMra b;ka rBR gIkcUleTA kñúgkmµviFIfµI² .

ka rR s av RC a v )a nbgða j fa p lR bey a C n_C a k;la k;E d lG aCIv kmµFunt UcTTYl )a nBIka rbN þúHb N þa lnigG Piv D Æn_buK Álikrbs; xøÜnma n ³ 1 > p litPa Bka rga rekIneLIg. 2> ka rpøa s;bþÚrbuK Álikfy cuH. 3> R bsiT§Pa BekIneLIg E d lnaMeTA d l;ka rcMeN jE pñkhirBaØv tßú. 4 > tMrUv ka ré nka rR tYtBini tüemI lfy cuH.

C a jwkj a b; buK Álikma nka ryl;d wgka n;E tR besIrBItMé l Pa Bé føfñÚr n igsuxuma lPa Brbs;xøÜn É g enA eBlE d lBYkeK eTA C akan;E tma n té møcMeBa HR kumh‘unnigs gÁm. C a TUeTA BYkeK nwgTTYl)a nn Uv cM E N ké nKuN R bey aC n_E pñksMP a r³ ka n;E teR cIn E d lCa lT§p l)a nmk BIp litPa Bka rga rrbs;BYkeK ekIneLIg. ktþa TaMgenHeF VI[BYk eK eBj citþ ta mry ³ ka rsMerc) a nnUv eK a led A pÞa l;xøÜnnigrbs;R kumh‘un. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

x > dMeN Irka ré nka rbNþúHbN þa l (Training Process)

K MrUx a geR ka mC ad MN ak;ka lcaM) a c;² enA kñúgd MeN Irka ré nka rbNþúHbN þa l ³ - eK a lbMN grbs;R kumh‘un - ka rv a s;sÞg;emIlBItM rUv ka r - etIma nka reføa HeFøa y E d rb¤eT ? - eK a lbMN gé nka rbN þúHbN þal - cMra j ;eR C Is erIs nUv GñkE d lR tUv y kmkbN þúHbN þa l - cMra j ;eR C Is erIs nUv viFIs a R sþnigrebo brbbbN þúHbN þa l - eR C Is erIs meFüa )a y eFVIka rv ay tMé l - R K b;R K gka rbNþúHbN þa l - v a y tMé lka rbN þúHbN þa l.

ka reFVIC MnYj rbs;GñkK YrE tma nyuT§s a R sþc,a s;la s; nigkMnt ; nUv eK a lbMN gEd ldwknaMnigC Mru j [ma nRK b;ka rsMercci tþTaMg G s; C a - Bies s sMra b;ka rbN þúHbN þa l. R kumh‘unna na E d leR Ka gnUv Ep nka rsMra b;d MeN Irka rbNþúHb N þa l TTYleC a KC ½y eR cInC a gRkumhu‘n E d lK µa n. m© as;mux CMnYj Pa K eR cInbMpu tcg;)a neC a K C ½y b:uE nþBY keK min)a nP¢a b;e TA nwgK Mera gsMra b;ka rbN þúHbN þa lE dlC aka rbegáIn

nUv »ka s eC a KC ½y rbs;BYkeK . etIeht uGVI? mUleht uTaMg5E d leK d wgjwkj a b;bMputK W ³ 1 > eBlev la - GñkR K b;R K gmux C MnYj tUc² K itfa ka rTa mTa rnUv eBlev la minG nuBaØa ti[BYkeK bN þúHbN þa lbuK Álik)a neT. 2> ka rca b;epþIm- GñkR K b;R K gmux C MnYj tUc² Pa K eR cInbMput mi n)a nG nuv tþ nUv ka rbN þúHbN þa lbuK ÁlikeT. d MenIrka rbN þúHbN þ a l buK Álik K WBYkeK minFøa b;d wgb ¤sÁa l;eLIy . 3> C Mna j FMTUla y - GñkR K b;R K gna na eTa rTn;eTA rkPa Bma nC Mna j TUla y eR cInC a gC Mna j ÉkeTs E d lcaM)a c;sMra b;s kmµ Pa BbN þúH bN þa lnigG Piv D Æ. 4 > xVHka reCO C ak;nigebIkcMh r - GñkR K b;R K gC a eR cIncUlcit þr kSa Bt’ma nsMra b;E txÜønÉ g. eda y s a rka reFVIE bbenH e TIbBYke K la k; Bt’ma nBIGñkenA eR ka mbgÁa b; ni gGñkepSgeTo t E d lG a cma nRbey a C n_kñúgka rbN þúHbN þa lnigka rG Piv D Æn_. 5> ka rmineC O ta mmtiTUeTA E d l[tMé lcMeBa Hka rbNþúHbN þa l - m© a s;CMnYj tUc² xøHeC O fa G naK tminG a cTsSn_Ta y b¤R K b;R K g)a n. d UecñHka rxitxMrbs;BYkeK sMed A EtcMeBa Hs kmµPa Bna eBlbc© úb,nñb: ueN Ña H. kmµviFIka rbN þúHbN þa lEd ll¥G a cC Yy [Rkumh‘unGñkTTYl eC a KC ½y . kmµviFIE d leFVIeLIg C a lkçN ³ rcna sMB½n§C a mYy nwgyuT§s a R sþnig eK a lbMN gma nPv nIy Pa B ¬Pa BE d lG a cekItma neLIg¦ x<s;kñúgka relIkkMBs;p litPa B nigeK a led A epSgeTo tEd lR tUv )a nkMnt;eLIg enA kñúgebs kk mµé nka rbN þúHbN þa l. ka rbegáItyuT§s a R sþbN þúHbN þa l tMrUv [elIkeLIgn Uv sMN YrC a eR cInta mlMd a b;d UcteTA ³ 1 > nrN aK WC a G tifiC nrbs;Gñk? ehtuGVI )a nC a BYkeK Tij BIGñk? 2> nrN a K WC aK UR bkYtR bE C grbs;Gñk? etIBYkeK bMerI TIpSa red a y rebo by a:gNa ? etIBYkeK cUlcitþeR bIn Uv ]tþmPa BeR bo beFo bGVIxøH? etIE pñkN a mYy é nTIpSa rE d lBYkeK mineGIeBI? 3> etIR kumh‘unma nc MnucxøaMg ni gcMnucexSa y GVIxøH? 4 > etInin ña ka ré ns gÁmGVIxøH E d lma n\ T§iBleTA elIR kumh‘unGñ k?

eK a lbMN gé nka rbegáItyuT§s a R sþbNþúHbN þa lbuK Álik K Weqø Iy nwgsMN YrcMn Yn2d ¾s a mBaØE tsMxa n; ¬1 ¦etIGñkeFV IC MnYj GVI? n ig ¬2¦ etIC MnYj rbs;GñkK YrE teTA C a GVI? ed a y ma ncMelIy C a eRs ccMeBa HsMN YrTaMgBIrenH n igka remIle XIj E v gq¶a y BIebs kkmµ yuT§ s a R sþ nig eK a lbMN g R kumh‘unrbs; GñknwgG a ckMnt;)a nes ckþ IR tUv ka rsMra b;ka rbN þúHbN þa lrbs;xøÜn. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

K > ka rkMnt;;B Ies ckþIR tUv ka rsMra b;ka rbN þúHbN þa l (Identifying Training Needs)

tMrUv ka rsMra b;ka rbN þúHbN þa lG a c):a n;R bma N )a ned ay eFVIka rviPa K eTA elIvis½y FnFa nmnu sSsMx a n;² cMnYn3 ³ R kumhu‘ nTaM gmUl lkçN ³ ka rga r nigtMrUv ka rrbs;buK Álikmña k;² . ka rviPa K enHnwgpþl;cMel Iy cMeBa HsMN Yrx a geR ka m ³ 1 > E pñkN aE d lR tUv ka rbN þúHbN þa l? 2> etIGVIe TA E d lbuKÁlikR tUv ero nC a Bies s edIm,IbegáI ns mtßPa B? 3> nrN a xøHE d lR tUv TTYl)a n ka rbN þúHbN þa l?

cUrca b;epþ Imed a y ka r):a n;R bmaN BIsßa nPa Bbc© úb,nñrbs;R kum hu‘nfa e tIeF VIy a:gd Ucemþc e FVIGV I xøHC a ka rl¥bMputniglT §Pa BbuK Á likrbs ; Gñk kñúgka reFVI Pa rkic© TaMgena H. R bsiT§Pa Bé nkmµviFIbN þúHbN þ a lG a cR tUv )a neK v a y tMé ltTl;nwgka rviPa K enH E d lka rviPa K nwg pþl;;;[nUv bTd æa nxøHE d leK va s;E v gnwgKUR bkYtR bE C g (benchmarks). R kumh‘unGñkK YrE td wgBIE p nka ryuT§s a R sþry ³ eBlEvg fa etI v a Q a ndl;kE nøgN akñúgry ³ eBl5qñaMeTo t. GVIE d lGñkR tUv karcaM)a c; K WkmµviF IbN þúHbN þa lmYy E d lnwgnaM[R kumh‘unQ a ne LIg. TI2 c UrBica rN a fa etIR kumh‘un K aMR TEpñkfvika cMeBa Hka rxitxMR bwgE R bgkñúgka rbNþúHbN þa lE drb¤eT. eb IK µa neT ka rb: unb:gN a mYYy kñúg ka rbegáItkmµviFIbN þúH bN þa ld ¾rwgmaMmYy nwgbra C ½y .

bnÞa b;mk R tUv kMnt ;[)a nc,a s; la s;fa etIkE nøgN aE d lR tUv karbN þúHbN þa l. v aK WC a Pa BqáÜt lIla kñúgka rG nuv tþn_kic© xitxMR bw gE R bg bN þúHbN þa lTUTaMgR kumh‘un ed a y min)a nepþa t[cMR bPBE d lcaM)a c;bMput. ka rR tYtBi nitüE pñ kx a gkñúgnwgC Yy cg¥úlbgða j BIE pñkE d l G a cTa j ykp lR bey a C n_BIka bN þúHbN þa l)a n. bBa¢Is a reBIP½N ÐsþIBIC Mna j (skills inventory) G a cC Yy kMnt; )a np gE d rnUv C Mna j TaMgL a y Ed lbuK Álikma nC a TUeTA . bBa¢Is a reBIP½N ÐenHnwgC Yy [R kumh‘unkMnt ;)a nBIC Mna j GVIxø HE d lma ns BVé f¶ nigC Mna j GVIxø HE d l R tUv ka rsMra b;ka rG Piv D Æn_na eB lG na K t.

enA eBlE d lGñkkMnt;)a nBIkE nø gE d lR tUv bNþúHbN þa lehIy cUrGñky kcitþT ukd a k;eTA elIma tika é nkmµviFIbN þúHbN þa l. cUrGñkviPa K BIlkçN ³ é nka rga rEd lEp¥lelIka rero bra b;rbs;v a nigerO gra: v C a la y l½kçG kSrBIGVIE d lbuK ÁlikBitC a eFVI. ka rbN þúHbN þa lE d lE p¥k elIka rero bra b;rbs;v a K YrE tcU l[)a nlMGitGMBIrebo beFV Ika rga red a yQ relImUld æa nBIPa rkic© mYy eTA Pa rkic© mYy eTo t. ka rbMeBj ka r ga rBitR )a kd nwgeFVI[Gñkma nlT§Pa Bd wgBIGVIE d lR tUv eFVI.

buK Álikmña k;² G a cR tUv )a neK v ay tMé lta mry ³ ka reR bo beFobkMritC Mna j nigka rsME d gka rga rbc© úb,nñr bs;BYkeK C a mYy nwgbTd æa nka r ga r b¤k¾tMr Uv ka rE d lrMBwgTukrb s;R kumh‘un. Pa BminR s bK ña eda y G enøIrv a gkMritC Mna j BitnigkM ritC Mna j E d leK rMBwgTuk K WkMnt ; )a nnUv tMrUv ka rsMra b;ka rbN þúHbN þa l. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij X > ka reRC Is erIs nUv GñkE d lR tUv bN þúHbN þa l (Selection of Trainees)

enA eBlE d lGñksMercfa ka rbN þúHbN þa lGVIE d lcaM)a c;nigenA kE nøgN a ehIy ka rsMercbn Þa b; mkeTo tK W R tUv y knrN amkeFVIka rbN þúH bN þa l? cMeBa HG aC iv kmµFunt U c² sMN YrenHK WsMx a n;N a s;. ka rbN þúHbN þa lbuK Álikmña k ;K WR tUv cMN a j fvika eR cIn C a Bies s enA eBl E d lK a t;ca kecj BIR kumh‘unGñk eTA rkka rga rEd ll¥R besIrC a g. ehtud UecñHe hIy )a nC a v a C aka rsMx a n;kñúgka rcMra j ;eR C Is erIs y knrN a - mña k;ed a y R bugR by½tñmkeFVIka rbN þúHbN þa l. kmµviFIbN þúHb N þa lenHR tUv eK ero bcMeLIg ed Im,IBica rN a BIlT§Pa Brbs;buK Á likkñúgka r ero nsUR tBIsMPa r³ nigeR bIR )a s;v a [ma nR bsiT§Pa B ehIy ed Im,I eR bIR )a s;FnFa nE d lma nRs a b;[ma nR bsiT§Pa BbMput. v a k¾sM x a n;p gE d r fa buK ÁlikR tUv )a nC Mruj elIkTwk citþed a y ta mry ³ bTBIes a Fn_bN þúHbN þa lenH. ka rbra C½y eTA elIkmµviFI v a minR K a n;E teFVI [xUcd l; buK Álikb:ueN aÑa HeT E tE fmTaMgC a ka rx© Hx¢a y luy p gE d r. ka rcMra j ;eR C Is erIs )a nGñkR tUv bNþú HbN þa lBitR )a kd K wC a ka rsMxa n;d l; eC a KC ½y é nkmµviFI.

eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

g> eK a ledA é nka rbN þúHbN þal (Training Goals)

eK a led Aé nkmµviFIbN þúHbN þa lK YrE tC a b;Ba k;B½n§ed a y pÞa l;C amYy nwgtMrUv ka rE d l)a n):a n;sµa nTukena H. eK a lbMngé nv K ÁsikSa KYrE t bBa¢a k;[)a nc,a s;fa \ riy a bfb¤k¾C Mna j GVIR tUv )a npøa s;bþÚrE d lC a lT§p lé nka rbNþúHbN þa l nigK YrE tBa k;B½n§C a mYy nwgebs kkmµ nig E p nka rCa yuT§s a R sþrbs;R kumh‘un. eK a led A KYrE trYmma nka rQ a neq<a HeLIg (milestones) e d Im,IC Yy naMy kbuK ÁlikBIcMnucE d lK a t; sßitenA s BVé f¶ eq<a HeTA ka n;c Mnu cmYy E d lR kumh‘uncg;)a ne nA é f¶G na K t. ka rkMnt;eK a led A na na C a CMnYy d l;ka rv a y tMé lelIkmµviFI bN þúHbN þa l nigelIkTwkci tþd l;buK álikp gE d r. ka rG nuBaØa ti[buK ÁlikcUlrYmkñúgka rkMn t;eK a led A KWbegáIn nUv Pv nIy Pa BeC a K C½y . eTA ed ImTMB½rvij c> viFIs a R sþbN þúHbN þa l (Training Methods)

ma nka rbNþúHbN þa lka rga rBIrR bePT E d lG a ceR bIR )a s;)a ncM eBa HG a CIv kmµFuntUc² K Wka rb N þúHbN þa lenA nwgkE nøg (On-the-job) nigka rbN þúHbN þa lenA eR kA Rkumh‘un (Off-the-job). ka l³ eTs ³ nImYy ² nig nrN a xøH GVI ni gmUlehtué nkmµviFIbN þúHbN þa lkMnt;n Uv viFIs a R sþE d lR tUv eR bI.

ka rbN þúHbN þa lenA nwgkE nøg- R tUv pþl;d l;buK Álik enA eBlE dlBYkeK sME dgka rga rC a eTo gTa t;. eFVId Uce nH BYkeK minx a teB l x N ³E d lBYkekkMBugero nsUR t. bnÞa b;BIbeg áItE p nka rGVIE d lRtUv beR go nehIy K WK YrE tC Mra bC UnbuK Álik[d wgBIes ckþIlMGite n H. K YrE teFVInUv ka lviPa K C a mYy nwgka rv a y tMé lC aR bcaM ed Im,IC Und MN Wgd lbuK ÁlikGMBIv D ÆnPa B ¬ka rrIkcMerI n¦rbs;BYkeK . rebo bé n ka rbN þúHbN þa lenA nwgkE nøgenH rYmma nka rE N naMbgða j ka rbgða t;beR go nBIka rga r (apprenticeships) kmµsikSa (internships) Pa BC a GñkC MnYy ka r (assistantships) R BmTaMgka rpøa s;bþÚr nig bgVwkka rga r.

ka rbN þúHbN þa lenA eR kAkE nøg rYmma n )a z kfa (lectures) ka rsikSa Bies s Pa By nþ s nñisiT b¤ka rBiPa kSa ta mkBa©k;TUrTsSn_ krN I- sikSa ka red IrtYna TI ka reFV IR ta b; ta m(simulation) ka rbgða t;be R go nta mkmµviFI nigka rbN þúHb N þa lenA kE nøgsMra b;G egát (Laboratory training). Pa K eR cInbMputé nre bo bTaMgenHG a cR tUv )a neR bIR )a s;ed a y Ga CIv kmµFuntUc eTa HbI C a rebo bxøHR tUv ca y fvika eR cIne Bkk¾ed a y. ka rE N naMka rga r³ KWsMra b;buK Á likfµI² . bIbYné f¶d Mb Ug K WcM)a c ; cMeBa HeC a K C½y rbs;buK ÁlikfIµ. cMn ucenH R tUv )a nbgða j ed a y ka rBitfa 60 Pa K ry é nbuKÁlikTaMgG s;E d le)a Hbg;ka rga r eFVIE bbenH kúñgry ³ eBl1 0é f¶d MbUg. ka rEN nMa K YrE ts gát;F¶ n;elIR bFa nb Td UcteTA ³ - R bv tþi n ig ebs kmµrbs;R kum h‘un - s ma CiksMx a n;² enA kúñgR kumh‘un - s ma CiksMx a n;² enA ta mE pñk (department) nigr ebo bE d lEpñknimYy ² C Yy bMeBj ebs kmµ[R kumh‘un - k,Ünc,a b ; n igbTbBa¢a é pÞkñúugr bs;buK Álik. R kumh‘unxøHeR bIka rE N naMed a ypÞa l;ma t; cME N kxøHeTo ts res rC a la yl½kçG kSr. G aC Iv kmµFuntU c² C a eR cIneR bIR )a s;R bFa nbTTaMgenH

enA kñúgka rE N naMBImnusSmña k;e TA mnusSmña k;eTo t. eTa HbIC a eR bIR )a s;viFIs a R sþN a k¾ed a y bBaða sMx a n;KWfa buK ÁlikfIµ )a ny l;c,a s;BI kE nøgeFVIka rfµIr bs;BYkeK .

)a z kfa ³ bgða j R )a b;nUv Bt’ma nBIka rbN þúHbN þa led a ypÞa l;ma t; nigR tUv )a neR bIR )a s; enA e BlE d leK a led A bgða j R )a b;nUv Bt’ma nC a eR cInG enkd l;mnusSC a eR cIn. v a ka n;E ts nSMsMé ccMna y kñúgkarpþl;nUv )a z kfa d l;mnusSmYy Rkum C a C a gbNþúHbN þa lmnusSmña k;² . ka rpþl;nUv )a z kfa K wC a ka rR )aRs½y Ta k;TgE tmYy pøÚv (one-way communication) E d lenHG a cminE mnC a viFIE d lma nR bsiT§Pa BbMput kñúgka rbN þúHbN þa lena HeT. v a Bi)a kFa na p gEd rfa Gñksþa b;TaMgG s;y l;BIR bFa nbTmYy kñúgkMritd UcK ña eT. ed a y E breq<a HeTA rkGñk ero nkMritmFüm GñkG a cbN þúHb N þa lBYkeK xøHTa bC a g nig)a t;bg;BYkeK epSgeTo t. eTa HbIC ama nK uN vibtþiy a:genHk¾ed a y k¾ka rpþl ;nUv )a z kfa K wC a meFüa )a yE dls nSMsMé ccMN a y bMputkñúgka reFVI[ma nGñksþa b;)a nc MnY neR cI n.

ka red IrtYna TI nigka reFVIR ta b;ta m³ K WC a rebo bbNþúHbN þa lE dlBüa y a mnaMy kmk[GñkR tUveK bN þúHbN þa lnUv sßa nPa Bé nka rsMerc citþs mehtup l. ma nka rbgða j bBaða Ca eR cInE d lnwgekIteLI g nigd MeN a HR s ay sMra b;eFV Ika rBiPa kSa . eK y kBa küesøa kmYy E d l fa { K µa nGñkbgða t;beR go nN aEd ll¥C a gbTBies a Fn_eT } mk bgða j [eXIj Ca k;E sþgBIka rbN þúHbN þa lE bbenH. buK ÁlikEd lma n bTBies a Fn_G a cero bra b;BIbTBi es a Fn_Bit² R BmTaMgG a cCYy kñúg nige ro nBIka rrkd MeN a HRs ay cMeBa Hka reFVIR ta b; ta mTaMge nH. viFI s a R sþenHs nSMsMé ccMN a y nigR tUv )a ny kmkeR bIR )a s;kñúgka rbN þúHbN þa lE pñkTIpSa rnigR K b;R K g.

viFIs a R sþes a tTsSn_ ³ d UcC a TU rTsSn_ ka E s tvIed GU nigE xSPa By nþ K WC a meFüa )a y ma nR bsiT§Pa BbMputkñ úgka rpþl;nUv lkçx N Ð nig sßa nPa BC a k;E sþgkñúgry ³ eBlxøI. K uN s m,tþimYy K Wfa ka rsME d g[emIlenA d Ed l eTa HbIC a va elgeR cInd gb:uN Ña k¾ed a y. ka renHmin BiteTcMeBa H)a z kfa E d lGa cpøa s;bþÚr d UcC a enA eBlE d leK bþÚr v a Kµin (speaker) b¤ rg\ T§iBlBI ka rK Mra mkME hgBIx a geR kA . KuN vibtþi cMbgé nviFIs a R sþes a tTsSn_K Wfa v a minG nuBaØa ti[ma nC a sMnYr nigG nþrGM eBI ¬s kmµPa BeTA vi j eTA mk¦Ca mYy nwgv a KµineT k¾ d UcC a min G nuBaØa ti[ma nka rpøa s;bþÚr nUv ka rsME d g[emIlsMra b;Gñksþa b;xus ² Kña E d r. ka rpøa s;bþÚrka rga r ³ Ba k;B½n §C a mYy nwgka rpøa s;bþÚrbuK Álikta mr y ³ ka rga rbnþ² Kña E d leFVI[BY keK ma nG a rmµN _l¥cMeBa Hka rgarE d lma n kñúgtYna TI epSg² Kña . C a Fmµta eK eR bIviFIenHkñúgka rbN þúHbN þa lz a n³ Ca GñkR tYtBinitü emIl. enHC a yuT§s a ®sþl¥sMra b;mux C MnY j tUc² ed a y sa rE tbuK Álikmña k;G a ceFVIka rga r)a neR cIny:a g. viC ¢a eR CA RC H (apprenticeships)³ K WG Piv D Æn_buK ÁlikE d lG a cbMeBj Pa rkic© xus ²K ña )a ny a:geR cIn. C a Fmµta v a Ta k;TineTA nwg R kumCMna j C a eR cIn E d lG nuBaØa ti[Gñkero nG nuv tþn Uv Ba NiC ¢kmµC a k;la k;mYy ehIy E d lGñkero nR tUv cMna y eBly a:gyUr ed Im,IeF VIka r[ nigC a mYy GñkeFVIka rC a n;x<s;E d lma nCMna y . viC¢a eR C AR C H Kwv a s mR s bC a lkçN ³ Bies s cMeBa Hka rga rTaMgL a yN a Ed lTa mTa rCMna j p litkmµ.

kmµsikSa nigPa BC a GñkC MnYy ka r (internships and assistantships) C a Fmµta v a KWC a ka rP¢a b;rv a gbnÞb;ero n nigka rbN þúHb N þa lenA nwg kE nøg. C aj wkj a b; eK eR bIR )a s;v a edIm,IbN þúHbN þa lGñkR K b;R K gnigbuK ÁlikTIpSa reTA é f¶mux.

ka rero nsUR tta mkmµviFI (Programmmed learnig) ³ ka rbgða t;beR go nE d lC Yy ed ay kMuBüÚT½r nigvIed GUE d lR tYtR ta ed a y kMuBüÚT½r

(interactive video) TaMgBIrenH d UcK ña mYy kE nøgK W G nuBaØa ti[si kça ka mero nsUR tta mel,Ó nrbs;eK pÞa l;. bnÞa b;BIkMLúgeBl E d lca b; epþIm R K UbeR go nmincaM)a c;ma nv tþma neT eh Iy sikça ka mG a ceronkñúgeBlE d lG nuBaØa ti. viFIs aR sþTaMgenH ha k;d UcC a l¥ b:uE nþG a ceTA hYs BIFnFa nrbs;G a C Iv kmµFuntU cmY y cMnYn.

ka rbN þúHbN þa lenA kE nøgsMra b;G egát (Laboratory training)³ R tUv eFVIeLIged a y GñkbN þúHbN þa lma nCMna j sMra b;R kumna n a . C a Fmµta eK eFVIv a enA É kE nøgG BüaR kit ni gR tUv eR bIR )a s;ed a y GñkbN þúHbN þa lRK b;R K gkMritx<s;nigmFü m ed Im,IbN þúHsµa rtIR kumka rga r niglT§ Pa B E d lekIneLIg kñúg n½y ed a HR s ay ka rRK b;R K g nimnusSE d lmanv½y z a n³ esµIK ña (peers) . v a G a ccMna y G s;eR cIn nigC a Fmµta R tUv esñIpþl; ed a y Ga CIv kmµFuntUc² E d lsMxa n;C a g. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij q> GñkbN þúHbN þa l (Trainers)

GñkE d lnwgd MeN Irka rbN þúHbN þa l KWG a R s½y elIR bePTé nka rbN þúHbN þa l nigGñkE d lTTYly kka rbNþúHbN þa l. Pa K eR cInbMput GñkR tYtR ta emIlC aGñkbNþúHb N þa lenA nwgkE nøg (on-the-job training) rIÉ ka rbN þúHbN þa lminenA nwgkE nøg (off-the-job training) K WbuK ÁlikkúñgR kumh‘un b¤R K UbeR go nmkBIx a geRkA Ca Gñkd MeN Irkar.

ka rbN þúHbN þa lenA kñúgR kumh‘u n C a TMnYlxus R tUv R bcaMé f¶rbs;GñkR tYtBinitüemIl nigbuK Álik. d UecñH GñkR tYtBi nitüem IlTTYl xus R tUv C a y fa ehtucMeBa Hp litPa B ni gka rbNþúHbN þa lGñkeR ka mbgÁa b;rbs;xøÜn. GñkR tYtBi nitüem I lTaMgenHK YrE tR tUv )a neK beR go nBIticni c é nka rbNþúHbN þa ld ¾l¥. BYkeK R tUv E tyl;BIcMeN Hd wgnigC Mna j E dlcaM)c;kñúgka reFVI[b uK Áli kmña k;ma nR bey aC n_cMeBa HR kumh‘un. GñkbN þúHbN þa lKYrE tero nbegáI tnUv eK a led A nigeK a lbMN gsMra b;ka rbN þúHbN þa lrbs;xøÜn e hIy kMnt; nUv viFIs a R sþE d leR bIR)a s;nUv eK a lbMngTaMgenH ed Im,Ima n\ T§iBleTA elIp litPa Bé nna y kd æa nrbs;xøÜn. BYkeK R tUv E ty l;d wgp gEd rGMBIrebo bE d lmnusSeBj v½y (adults) ero nsUR t nigBIrebo b E d lR tUv TMna k;TMng[)a nl¥b Mpu tC a mYy mnusSeBj v½y TaMgena H. G a CIv kmµFuntUc na na R tUv ka rG Piv D Æ s mtßPa BbN þúHbN þa lé nGñkR tYtBin itüemIlrbs;xø Ün ta mry ³ bBa¢ÚnBYkeK [ero nv K ÁsþIBIviFIs a R sþbN þúHbN þa l. ka rda k;TunenHnwg eFVI[p litPa BekIn eLIg.

ma nviFIbIbY nkñúgka rcMra j ;eR C Is y kbuK ÁlikbN þúHbN þa lsMra b; kmµviFI off-the-job training. R kumh‘unC a eR cIneR bIR )a s;buK Áli kkñúgR kum- h‘un sMra b;begá ItkmµviFI bN þúHb N þa lCa pøÚv ka rd l;buK Álik enA e R kA em:a geFVIka rrbs;BYkeK kñúge Blkic© R bCuMR kumh‘un b¤k¾mña k;mþ g² enA É ka rR bCMu (sessions) bN þúH bN þa lE dlero bcMTukC a mun.

ma nR bPBé nka rbNþúHbN þa lxa geR kAC a eR cInrYmma n TIR bwkSa s a la bec© keTs nigviC ¢a C Iv ³ kmµviFIG b;rM bnþ s Pa Ba NiC ¢kmµ ni gR kumG Pi- v D Æn_es d ækic© . ka reRC Is y kRbPBmYy BIx a geR kAsMra b;ka rbN þúHbN þa lma nKuN s m,tþinigK uN vibtþiC a eR cIn. K uN s m,tþid ¾FMbMputK Wfa G gÁPa BTaMgenHma nÉ keTs c,a s;la s;x a gticnicbN þúH bN þa l E d lCa jwkj a b;mind UckrN IbuK ÁlikkñúgR kumh‘uneT.

K uN vibtþikñ úgka reR bIR )a s;GñkÉkeTs bN þúHbN þa lmkBIx a geRkA K WcMeN Hd wgma nkMnt;r bs;BY keK BIp lip lb¤es v a kmµrbs;R kumh‘un nig

tMrUv ka rG tifiC n. GñkbN þúHb N þa lTaMgenHma ncMeN Hd wgka n;E tTUeTA BIka rbMeBj cit þnigt MrUv ka rG tifiC n. kñúgkrN IC a eR cIn GñkbN þúH- bN þa lmkBIx a geR kAG a cG Piv D ÆcMeN HdwgenHy a:gqa b;rh½s ta mry ³ eFVI[xøÜnÉ gR C YtR Ca bBIR kumh‘unmun nwgbN þúHbN þa lbu K Álik. K uN vibtþimYy eTO tK W c Mna y x<s;ebIeFo bnwgka rbN þúHbN þa lenA kñúgR kumh‘un eTa HbIC a cMna y x<s;C a genHG a cTUTa t;)a neTA nwgR bsiT§Pa B ekIneLIgkñúgka rbN þúHbN þa lk¾ed a y .

fVIebI eyIgeR C Is y kka rbN þúHbN þa lBIx a geR kA b¤k¾BIkñúgR kumh‘unk_ ed a y k¾ka rsMx a n;KWBnü l;bkR s a y ed a yR bugR by½tñBI eK a led A nig tMé lna na rbs;R kumh‘un[c,a s; la s;. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

C > ka rRK b;R Kgka rbNþúHbN þa l (Training administration)

eR ka y BIero bcMkmµviFIbN þúHbN þ a l)a nR twmR tUv ehIy GñkR tUv RK b;R K gka rbNþúHbN þa lcMeBa HbuK ÁlikE d leRC Is erIs rYc. v a Ca ka rsMx a n; kñúgka rta md a nemIl[)a nR )a kd fa etIv a eqøIy tbeTA nwgeK a led A Ed rb¤eT. x a geR ka mCa sMN YrE d lR tUv Bica rN a munnwgka rb N þúHbN þa l ca b;epþIm ³ - TItaMg - eR K O gC Yy sMrYl (Facilities) - Pa BG a ccUld l;)a n (Accessibility) - p a sux Pa B - brikça - ka rkMnt;eBlev la

ka ry kcitþTukd a k;x<s;cMeBa HbBaða TaMgenH nwgnaMe TA rkeC a K C½y é nkmµviFIbN þúHbN þa l. GñkR K b;R KgkmµviFIbN þúHbN þa ld ¾ma nR bsiT§- Pa Bmña k; K YrE teFVIta md MN a k;kald UcteTA enH ³ 1 > kMnt;[)a nc,a s;la s;BIeK a lbMngrbs;R kumh‘u n 2> kMN t;nUv es ckþIR tUv ka rrbs; kmµviFIbN þúHbN þa l 3> kMnt;[)a nc,a s;la s;BIeK a led A é nka rbN þúHbN þa l 4 > begáItnUv viFIs a R sþbN þúHbN þá a l 5> sMercfa GñkN aK Yry kmkbN þúHbN þa l 6> sMercfa GñkN a Ca GñkR tUv eKbN þúHbN þa l 7> sMercfa GñkN a Ca GñkbN þúHbN þa l 8> R K b;R K gka rbNþúHbN þa l 8> v a y tMé lkmµviFIbN þúHbN þa l

ka reFVIta mC Mha nTaMgenHn wgC Yy GñkR K b;R K gbegáIt)a n nUv kmµ viFIbN þúHbN þa lmYy ma nR bsiT§ Pa B ed Im,IeFV I[ma nPa BR )a kdfa R kum

h‘un ma nsuT§E tbuK Álikma ns mtßPa BehIy rIkra y C a mYy ka rgar. enHnwgc UlrYmC a viC ¢ma ncMeBa HlT§p lcugeR ka y . eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

Q > ka rv ay tMé lelIka rbN þúHbN þa l (Evaluation of Training)

ka rv a y tMé lelIka rbNþúHbN þa l K YrE tv a y tMé lelIka rbN þHbN þa l[)a neR cInd geBlkMBu gd MeN Irka r. kMnt;[)a n nUv ka rlUtla s; eTA mux (milestones) e nA eBlGñkG Piv D Æn_ka rbN þHbNþa l. K YrE tv a y tMé lbuK Áliked a y eFVIka reR bo beFo bnUv CMna j E d lBYkeK R tUv ka r na eBlfµI² nigC Mna j E d lkMnt; ed a y eK a led Aé nkmµviFIbN þúHbN þa l. KYrkt;sMK a l;Pa BminR s bK ña ed ay G enIøN a mYy E dlekIt ma n ehIy eFV Ika rE ksMrYl ed Im,I [v a eqøIy tbeTA nwgeK a led A Cak;la k;. kmµviFIbN þúHbN þa lC aeR cInbra C ½y ed a y s a rE tGñkRK b;R K g mineFV Ika rv a y tMé lelIka rrIkcMe rInrbs;v a rh Utd l;hYs eBl. ka rv a y tMé lta meBlev la kMnt;nwgmi neFV I[ka rbN þúHbN þa lXøa tca k BIeK a led A rbs;v a eLIy . eTA ed ImTMB½rvij


2> karb e gáIt Rb B½n §RKb ;R Kgb uKál ik2> karb e gáIt Rb B½n §RKb ;R Kgb uKál ik2> karb e gáIt Rb B½n §RKb ;R Kgb uKál ik2> karb e gáIt Rb B½n §RKb ;R Kgb uKál ik (Developing a Personnel System)

k> ka rsÞg;):a n ;R bma N emIlnUv tMrUv ka rrbs;buK Álik x > ka rR bka s eRC Is erIs buK Álik K > ka rEN naMniey a C itfµI² [sÁa l;GMBIG a C Iv kmµrbs;Gñk X > bBaða tMé ltbsñg k> ka rsÞg;):a n ;R bma N emIlnUv tMrUv ka rrbs;buK Álik (Assessing Personnel Needs)

m© a s;G a CIv kmµFuntU c² K YrE tE p¥keK a lney a )a yR K b;R K gbuK Álikrbs;xøÜneTA elI eK a lka rN_TaMgL a y Ed lma nE cgy a:gC ak; la k; nig ma nPsþú ta gR twmR tUv . G a CIv kmµFuntUc² E d led Irta meK a lka rN_TaMgenH K Wma nka rsME d gka rga rnigG R ta rIkcMerI n ka n;E tx<s;C a Ca gGa CIv kmµFuntU c² TaMgL a yN aE d lminG nuv tþ ta meK a lka rN_TaMgenH.

s a r³ sMx a n;xøaMgbMputé neK a lkarN _TaMgenHK W ³ - R K b;mux tME N gTaMgG s;KYrE tbMeBj ed a y mnusSEd lma nTaMgqnÞ³ nigma nlT§ Pa BeFVIka rga r.

- tMrUv ka rC Mna j sMra b;ka rga rnImYy ² rbs;buK Álikka n;E tR twmRtUv nigsuR kwtü b uK ÁlikTaMgena H ka n;E ts mR s bC a mYy nwgka rga r nigka n;E tma ns mtßPa Bkñúgka reFVIka rga rena H. - ka rkMnt;n igka rero bra b;C a lay lkçN_G kSrGMBIka rga r K WC aK nøwHsMx a n;sMra b;P ¢a b;TM na k;TMng BIka rrMBwgTuké nka rga reTA nwg buK Álik. ka rniy a y bBa¢a fa cUreFVIka ga r[)a nl¥¥b Mputta mE dlGñkG a ceFVI)a n K Wka rE N naMmYy d ¾G aR kk;. - buK ÁlikE d leR CIs erIs ecj BIkñúgcMeN a mebkçC nE d ll¥bMput E d lma n K Wma nR bsiT§Pa BC a gka reR CIs erIs ed a y BwgE p¥k eTA elImitþPa B b ¤ed a y sMlwgemIlR bey a C n_xøÜnÉ g . - ebIka rrMBwgT ukBIka rga rd ¾C a k;la k; R tUv eK eFVI[ga y y l;c,a s; ehIy ebIka rv a y tMé lcMeBa Hka rR btibtþika rga r R tUv E p¥keTA elI ka rrMBwgTukTaMgenH ka rsME d gka rga rrbs;buK Álikka n;E tma nlkçN ³ x<s;E fmeTo t ehIy k¾eFVI [lT§p lé nka rbNþúHbN þa lbuK Álik ka n;E tl¥p gE d r R bsinebIE p¥keTA elIbN þa eK a lbMN gero nsURtE d leKG a cv as;E v g)a n. - C Mha nd MbUgkñúgka r):a n ;R bma N tMrUv ka rrbs;buK ÁliksMra b;G a C Iv kmµFuntUc K We FVIka rC MrHbBa¢I nU v tMrUv ka rrbs;buK Álikna eBlG n a K t. cUrGñksYrxøÜnÉ gfa ³ - etIb nÞúkka rga rE d lGñknwkK itkñúgcit þ G a csMerc)a ned a y s a rkMlaMgbuK ÁlikE d lma nna eBl\ LÚv enH)a neT? etIR tUv ka rbu K Álik eR cInC a g b¤ticC a gmunE d rb¤eT ? cUrGñkBica rN a BIK MrUé nG R ta tMrUv ka reTA ta mrd Uv nigG R ta é nka rpøa s;bþÚrE d lnwgG a cekItma neLIg. - etIma nka rga rmYy cMnY nE d lG a clubbM)a t;eca l)a nE d rb¤eT ed Im,I[buK Álikena HeF VIka rga re pSg² eTo t? - etIGñkR tUv ka rbuK ÁlikE d leFVIka reBj em:a gb¤eR kA em:a g beN þa HG a s nñb¤k¾G cié ®n þy_ y ké føC a em:a gb¤R )a k;E x ? - etIka rpÁt;pÁg;Blkmµ (labor supply) ma nlkçN ³ y a:gd Ucemþcna eBlG na K t? - etIGñkn wgma nlT§Pa BbMeBj ka rga rxøH² E d lGñk)a nd a k;ec j mkeT? etIBi)a kb¤R sYly:a gd UcemþceTA ? - etIGñkR tUv ka r[buK Álikrbs; Gñkma nlkçN ³s m,tþicaM)a c;GVI xøH? begáItn Uv viFIs a R sþ ed Im,IeFVIka r Büa krN_nUv tMr Uv ka rBlkmµed ay BwgE p¥keTA elIcMelIy E d lGñkeqøIy cMeBa HsMN YrTaMgG s;enH . enA eBlE d lGñk):a n;sµa ntMr Uv ka rrbs;GñkehIy c UrGñkkMnt ;yuT§ s a ®sþTaMgL a y ed Im,IeqøIy tbe TA nwgv a .

d MeN Irka ré nka rcMra j;eR C Is erIs buK Álikma ns mtßPa BsMra b;mux tME N gnImYy ² R tUv sMerc)a n y a:gR besIrbMputta mry ³ ka r[G tßn½y C a lkçN ³R bB½n§é ntM rUv ka rsMra b;mux tME N gnimYy ² E d lrYmma nC Mna j cMeN Hd wg niglkçN ³ s m,tþiepSg² eTo tE d lbuK ÁlikR tUv E t ma n ed Im,IbMeBj ka rga r. ed Im,IFa na fa tMrUv ka rbuK ÁlikR tUv bB a¢a k;R )a b;)a nR K b;R Ka n; ¬1 ¦ eFVI ka rviPa K eTA elIka rga r ¬2¦ BiBN ’na ero bra b;BI ka rga rC a la ylkçG kSr nig¬3¦ ero bcMka rbBa¢a k;[c,a s;BIka rga rnimYy ² .

ka rviPa K eTA elIka rga r ( Job analysis)

ka rviPa K eTA elIka rga rK WC a ka rG egátC a lkçN ³ R bB½n§mYy E d leFVIka rR bmUlBt’ma nTaMgG s;E d lC a b;Ta k;TgC a mYy Pa rkic© nimYy ² E d lbuK Álikmña k;² eFVI. ed a y BwgeTA elIka rviPa K enH Gñknwgrk eXIj C Mna j cMeN Hdwg niglT§ Pa BE d ltMrUv rbs;buK Álike na H e hIy kMnt;)a nB Ikic© ka r TMn Ylxus R tUv nigtM rUv ka ré nka rga rnimYy ² . ka rviPa K ka rga rKYrE tpþl;[nUv Bt’ma nd UcC a ³ - z a n³ ka rga r (job title) - na y kd æa n (department)

- ka rR tYtR ta emIlE d ltMrUv [ma n - ka rBiBN ’na ero bra b;BIka rga r ed a y bBa¢a k;nUv kic© ka r nigT MnY lxus R tUv Ed lsMx a n;² - lkçN ³ ka rga rrYmE tmYy d UcC a ka rkMnt;T ItaMg n ig rU bs a R sþ (physical setting) - R bePTé ns mÖa r³ E d leR bIR )as; (Types of material used) - R bePTé neR K O gbrikça rE d leRbIR )a s; (Types of equipment used) - lkçN ³ s m,tþi - tMrUv ka rbTBies a Fn _ - tMrUv ka rkMri tv b,Fm’ - tMr Uv ka rE pñksµa rtI n igsux Pa B - tMrUv ka ré nka rbuinR bs BVkñúgka reFVI nwgé d - lkçx N Ðé nka reFVIka r ¬x a gkñúg x a geR kA ekþA R tC a k; s¶Üt e sIm G‘UG r kxVk;. l. ¦

ka rero bra b;bgða j BIka rga r ( Job description)

ka rviPa K elIka rga rR tUv eK eR bIR )a s; ed Im,IeFVI[ma nka rero bra b; BIka rga rE dleFIV[d wgBIkic© ka rrbs;ka rga rnimYy ² nigka rTTY lxus R tUv d é TeTo té nmux tME N g. ka rero bra b;rYmma ntMrUv ka rka rga repSg² Kña d UcC a s kmµPa BE pñksµa rtInigE pñksux Pa B lkçx NÐe FIVka r nigPa Bma n eR K a Hfña k;;kñúgka rga r. eK R tUv bBa¢a k;R )a b;p gEd rnUv eBlev laR bha k;R bE hlC a Pa K ry Ed lbuK ÁlikcMN a y eTA elI s kmµPa BnImYy ² . ka rero brab;BIka rga rK w epþa teTA elIka rga rGVI eht uGVI kE nøgN a nigeF VIre b o bd Ucemþc.

ma nmeFüa )a y mYy d¾l¥\ tex© a H E d lm©a s;mux C MnYj tUc² G a ceR bIR )a s;ed Im,IbegáIt nUv ka rero bra b;BIka rga r K WsYrbuK ÁlikxøÜn eK pÞa l; [eK ero bra b;BIka rga rrbs;BYkeK . buK ÁlikE d ll¥K W d wgBIka rga rrbs;xøÜn)a ny:a gc,a s;C a gGñkN a² TaMgG s;.

ka rbBa¢a k;c,a s;é nka rga r ( Job specification)

ka rbBa¢a k;[c,a s;é nka rga r ero bra b;BImnusSE d leK rMBwgfa mkbMeBj ka rga r. va R )a b;[d wgy:a gek,a Hk,a y BI cMeN Hd wg ¬TaMgE pñk G b;rM n igbTBies a Fn_¦ lkçN ³ s m,tþi C Mna j niglT§ Pa BE d lcaM)a c; ed Im,I bMeBj ka rga red ay eBj citþ. ka rbBa¢a k;c,a s;énka rga r pþl;nUv bTd æa n E d lnwgR tUv v a s;E v gfa etIGñkd a k;Ba küeFVIka r s mR s beTA nwgkE nøgTMenré nk a rga rkñúgkMritN a ehIy K YrE teR bIR )a s; sMra b;eFVIC a mUld æa nbE g¥kkñúgka rR bka s eRC Is erIs buK Álik. eTa ed ImTMB½rvij

x > ka rR bka s eRC Is erIs buK Álik (Recruiting)

kñúgna mC a GñkR K b;R K gE dlC am©a s;G a CIv kmµFuntUc GñkK YrE td wg BIbriy a ka s R s bc,a b;E d lGñkkMBugE tsßitenA . v a C a ka rBit C a - Bies s eBlQ a neTA d l;ka rRbka s eR CIs erIs buK Álik. ka ry l;d wgGMBIc,a b;E d lnwgC H\ T§i BleTA elIka reFVIC MnYj rbs;Gñk K Wv a ma n

s a r³ sMx a n;y a:gé R kE lgcMeBa Hka reR CIs erIs buK Álikd ¾ma nR bsiT§Pa B .

R bPBniey a C it (Sources of Employees)

ka rR bka s eR CIs erIs buK Álik[ma nR bsiT§Pa B tMrUv [Gñkd wgBITIkE nøg nigr ebo bE d lG a cTTYl)a nebkçC nE d lma ns mtßPa B. v a ma n ka rBi)a kkñúgka reFVI[ma nlkçN ³ TUeTA cMeBa HR bPBd ¾l¥bMputsMra b;mux C MnYj n imYy ² eR kA E tBIka rero bra b;nUv R bPBsMx a n;² d UcteTA ³

niey a C itna eBlbc© úb,nñ - ka r tMelIgz a n³ cMeBa HbuK ÁlikE d lenA kñúgR kumhu‘nma nTM ena reTA rk ka rrkSa TwkcitþbuK Álik)a nx<s;. enA eBlN a k¾ed a y[E tma nlT§Pa B buK Álikfµ I² K YrE tG a c)anTTYlka rBica rN a d MbUgsMra b;kE nøgTMenrN a mYy é nka rga r. ka r G nuv tþn_E bbe nH K WC a s BaØa bgða j nUv ka rKMa R TcMeBa HbuK ÁlikfµI² .

ebkçC nE d leK minehA rk- G a C Iv kmµFuntUc² C a eR cInTTYly kka rd a k;Ba küEd leK minehA rkBIbuK ÁlGñkma nlkçN ³ sm,tþi nig K µa n. Gñkd a k;Ba kümun² K YrE tTukC a É ks a rsMra b;eBlG na K t. ka reFVIC MnYj E d ll¥sMNUmBrfa R tUv ma nka rR bR Bwtþy:a gKYr s m cMeBa H ebkçC nTaMgG s; minfa E tBYkeK )a nTTYlka rga rb¤¤G t;e na HeT.

s a la ero n - viTüa l½y s a la ero nBa NiC ¢kmµ s a la ero nviC ¢a C Iv ³ mha viTüa l½y nigs klviTüa l½y K WC aR bPBé nniey a C itBit C a Bies s ebIsinC a bTBies a Fn_ ka rga rBImunminE mnC a ktþa cMbgsMra b;ka rga reTena H. s a la eronC a R bPBd¾l¥\ tex© a HsMra b;buK Á lik E d l eFVIka reR kA em:a g.

Pña k;ga reR C Is erIs buK ÁlikÉ kCn- R kumh‘un TaMgenHpþl;n Uv es v a kmµsMra b;niey a C k nigebkçC n d a k;Ba kü ed a y pÁÚpÁgmnusSeTA nwg ka rga r C a ka red a Hd Ury kmkvij nUv tMé lQñÜl. tMé lQñÜlxøHR tUv bg;ed a y ebkçC nd ak;Ba kü ehIy K µa nka rcMna y BIniey a C keT cME nk É ebkçC nd a k;Ba küEd lma nlkçN ³ s m,tþixçs;sßite nA kñúgka rpÁt;pÁg;ry ³ eBlxøI C Ynka lniey a C kCa Gñkbg;é føQñÜlvij .

GñkFa na C a niey a Cit - sMbuR tb Ba¢a k;pþaMepJI (reference) ed a y ni ey a CitfµI² R bE hlC a Ga cbMeBj ka rR tUv ka rrbs;R kumh‘un)a n . Psþúta g )a nbgða j fa buK Álik fµI² ma nka rsÞa k;esÞIrkñúgka rE NnaMebkçC nE d lma ns mtßPa BeR ka mkMritmFüm. ka rniy a y lM² K WC a R bPBmYy kñúg cMena mR bPBTaM gL a yé nka rR bkas eRC Is erIs E d leK eR bIR )a s;y a:gs a mBaØbMput enA kñugs hK mG a CIv kmµFun tUc.

ka rpSa y Ba NiC ¢kmµ- K Wka r[mnusSmña d wgfa GñkkMBugE tCYlR kumé nniey a Citd ¾ma ns kþa nuBl. ed a ys a mBaØC a TIbMput ka r pSa y Ba NiC ¢kmµE bbenH G a cbegáIt ) a nnUv s BaØa mYy Ed lcg;)a nnUv C MnYy enA kñúgka rd a k;Ba kü. viFIs a R sþeC O nelO nC a g Ba k;B½n§eTA nwg ka reR bIR )a s;R bB½n§pSBVpSa y kñúgR sukE d lR bPBe)a HBuum<C a d MbUgd UcC a kaE s tR bcaMé f¶ b¤R bcaM s )þa h_.

TMB½rka E s tE pñkpSa y BaNiC ¢kmµ G a cR tUv )a nBieR K a Hey a bl;ed a y GñkE sVgrkmnusSeFVIka rs kmµ E d lrYmma nka rpþl;ka rga rfµI² d l;buK ÁlN aE d leK eFVI[cg;)a nnUv mux tME ngmYy E d lTa k;Ta j C a g. R bB½n§pSBVpSa y ta mE bbepSgeTo t d UcC a ta mviTüú b ¤TUr -

TsSn_E d lG a cpSa y )a nTUlay C a gka Es t b:uE nþy a:gN a k¾ed a y tMé lé nka rpSa yBaN iC ¢kmµk¾cMN a y é føC a gEd r.

ka rpSBVpSa y ta mR bB½n§C a lkçN ³ Bies s d UcC a TsSna vd þI nig R Bwwtþb½R ts ma K mBaNiC ¢kmµ G a cbegáIt )a nnUv K uN Pa BBIGñkd ak; Ba küp gE d r. ma nka rxitxMR bw gE R bgC a eR cInenA kñúgR beTs xøH ed Im,Ipþl;[niey a C kG a CIv kmµFuntUcG a ceR bIR )a s;)a nkþa rbiTR bka s na na é ns hK mn_TUrTsSn_E xSka b (cable television community bulletin boards). ka la nuv tþPa B ¬»ka s ¦E d lR bkbed ay bec© kviC ¢a C a n;x<s;mYy eTo t K W cuHGMBImux tME N genA elIR bB½n§b Ba¢Únta mbN þa j R bB½n§kMuBüÚ T½r .

tMé lsMra b;ka rpSa y Ba NiC ¢kmµE bbenHxus E bøkK ña ehIy m© a s;G a CIv kmµFuntUc ca b;epþImrkpøÚv e d a HRs a y tMé lenHed a y Pa BR bug R by½tñ. ka rpSa y Ba NiC ¢kmµmYy E d lma nKuN Pa Bx<s;nigcM eK a led A )a nl¥ nwgTa k;Ta j ;mnus Sl¥ cME N kÉ ka rpSa y BaNiC ¢kmµ E d lcMna y eR cInenA kñúgR bB½n §pSa y minR twmR tUv G a cnwgminhuc lT§p l[eLIy . ka rBies a Fn_ xøHK Wma ntMé lR K b;R K a n;eTA nwg G a CIv kmµFuntU cPa K eR cInbMput. sM N UmBrmYy epSgeTo tKW sYrmnu sSG a CIv kmµFuntUcd é TeTo ten A kñúgtMbn;GMB IeC a K C½y rbs;BYkeK cMeBa Hka rpSa y Ba NiC ¢kmµ E dlC a CMnYy enH. cUrGñkero nsUR tBIeC a K C½y nigkMhus rbs;BYk eK K WC a ka rR besIrbMput.

ka rBinitüeR C Is erIs (Screening)

d MeN Irka rBinitüeR C Is erIs G a c[Gñkd wgGMBIC Mna j cMeN Hd wg nig\ riy a bTrbs;buK Álmña k;² E d lTaMgenHG a c[niey a C kd ¾ma ns kþa nuBlmña k;kMnt; )a nfa etI nrN a ena Hs kþis mnigma nlkçN ³ s m,tþisMra b;m ux tME N gNa mYy Ed reT. bTBies a Fn_)a nbg ða j fa ka rC Yl mnusS E d lma nlkçN ³ s m,tþi R CuleBk G a cpþl;p lG aR kk;d UcK ña eTA nwgka rC YlmnusSE d lma nlkçN ³ s m,tþiTa beBkE d r. Ba kü suMK WC a cMnucca b;epþ Imkñúgka rBinit eR C Is erIs ebkçC nsMra b;ka rga r. Ba küsuMrbs;ebkçC nG a c[d wgBIR bv tþirUb nigka rsikSa rbs;eK ehIy v a C ameFüa )a y TI1 kñúgka reR bobeFo bebkçC neTA nwgka rero bra b;é nka rga r. ka reFVId UcenHFa n a fa Gñkminx a teBleTA elIebkçC n E d lBitC a mineqøIy tb)a ne TA nw gtMrUv ka rka rga rC aG b,brma ena H.

C a TUeTA ka rs res rBa küsMNuME bbbTR tUv ma neQµa H G a s½y d§a n elx TUrs½BÞ elx s nþisux s gÁm mux tME N gEd leFVI bTBies a Fn_ka r ga r ka rcUlbMerIkgT½B cMeN Hd wg GñkFa na C a edIm. ka rsMPa s n_pÞa l; K WC a tMN a k;ka lTI2 kñú gka rBinitüeR C Is erIs buK Álik. kñúgka r sMPa s n_ GñkR K b;R K gnwg)a nd wgbE nßmeTo ted a y Tl;mux K ña GMBIebkçC n E d lrYmma nTaMgka rs egátGMBIrUbra gx a geR kA ebkçCn. kñúgka rsMPa s n_ GñkR K b;R K gR tUv E N naM b:uE nþmi nK YrR K bs gát;eT A elI ebkçC neT sMx a n;K WT uk»ka s [ebkçC nniy a y ed a y es rI. GñksMPa s n_K YrE tsYrsMN YrN aEd lBa k;B½n§ed a y pÞa l;nwgka rgar. R bD iteLIgnUv bBa¢IsMN YrE dlnwgG a ccUld l;lkçN ³ sm,tþirbs; ebkçC n)a nR K b;R K a n; x N ³ eBlE d leqøIy tbnwges ckþ IbBa¢a k;BIka rga r (job description). kMhus qÁgc MbgcMn Yn3 E d lC aj wkj a b; ekItma nkñúgeBlsMPa s n_K W ³ 1 > min)a nviPa K BItMrUv ka rrbs;ka rga r[)a nlMGitR K b;R Ka n;ed Im,IbegáI tsMN YrE d lma nsuBlPa B ¬sMx a n;nigeR bIR )a s;)a n¦. 2> min)a nsYre bkçC nnUv sMN YrR twmR tUv ed Im,IkMnt ;BIcM nucxøaMg cM nucexSa y nigcM nucE d ls kþis mcMeBa Hka rga rrbs;BYkeK . 3> ka rBwgE p¥kxøMa geBkeTA elIRbtikmµBIkñúgc itþ (gut reaction) C MnYs [ka rv a y tMé lBIeK a lbMN grbs;ebkçC n ed a y G aR s½y eTA elIlkçN ³ vinic ä½y (criteria) E d lkMnt;Tukkñ úges ckþIbBa¢a k;BIka rga r.

ka rsMPa s n_eFVI[d MeN Irka rcMra j J;eR C Is erIs (selection process)ka n;E tma nlkçN ³ ed a ypÞal; nigpþl;[GñksMPa s n_ nUv K Mni ts rub E d lfa etIebkçC nma nlkçN ³s mR s beTA nwgka rga rE d rb¤eT . tic nicx a geR ka menHnwgC Yy Gñkkñúgka rcMra j ;eR CIs erIs eb kçC nE d l s mR s b nwgka rga r dUcC a ³ 1 > Binitüka rero bra b;BIka rga reLIgvij munnwgeFV Ika rsMPa s n_. 2> bM)a t; nUv ka rra rg;j ej Itj ej Im K Wma nn½y fa begáIt[ma nbriy a ka s mYy sñiT§sña lra k;Ta k;. 3> begáIt[ma neBlev la kMNt;sMra b;kic© sMPa s n_ ehIy G nuv tþta m. 4 > ebIkcitþ[TUla y eBa lK WkuM beBa© j mtiey a bl;muneBk. 5> pþl;eBlev la [ebkçC nniy a y BIxøÜneK K WkMuniy a y eR cIneBk . 6> E N naM[)a nR )a kd BIR kumhu‘ n nigka rga r. 7> sþa b;ed a y y kcit© Tukd a k; e pþa tG a rmµN_ nigkt;R ta . 8> eco s v a gka rBiPa kSa y:a glMGitBIR )a k;ebo v tSr_. 9 > ma nPa BKYrs m. 1 0 > kuMTuk[ebkçC nenA rg;caM K W BiPa kSa nUv C Mha nbnÞa b;kñ úgd MeN Irka rC Yl rYckMnt ;eBlmkC YbK ña mþgeTo t. ticni cBini tüeR C Is erIs epSg² eTo trYmma n ka reFVIetsþB Ika rpþl;ka rga r (employment tests) nigka rBinitüsux Pa Bra gka y . ka r eFVIetsþB Ika rpþl;ka rga rv a s;sÞg;)a nnUv s m,Ta ¬ka rs mR bkb¦ sña é d Pa Bév qøa t buK ÁliklkçN ³ nigPa BeTo gR tg;. ka rBinitü sux Pa Bra gkay KWed Im,I[d wgfa etIebkçC nG a ceqø Iy tb)a neT A nwgbTd æa nsux Pa B nigka rTa mTa rrbs;ka rga rE pñkra gka yE drb¤eT.

ka rcMra j ;eR CIs erIs y k nigka rC Yl (Selecting and Hiring)

ebId MeN Irka ré nka rBinitüeR C Is erIs m:t;ct ;l¥ehIy ka rc Mra j ;eR C Is erIs y kebkçC nl¥bMputsMra b;ka rga r K Wma nPa Bga yR sYlE fmeTo t. eTa HC a y:a gN a k¾ed a y munnwg cMra j ;eR C Is erIs y kCa cugeR kay GñkK YrE tca t;viFa nka rN_cug eR ka yK W Binitün Uv GñkFa na rbs;ebkçC n ed Im,I[ma nPa BR twmR tUv nigd ak;bBa© ÚleTA kñúgka rga r. GñkK YrE ty l;dwgBInin ña ka ré nGñkE d lFa na ebkçC nE d leTa rTn;eTA rkka rpþl; ka rBitBIG tþcrit niglT§ Pa B r bs;ebkçC n. eTa HbIC a ma nPa BlMeGo gd¾ma ns kþa nuBly a:genHk¾ed a y ka rBinitüy a:gR by½tñ R bE y g [d wgka rBitC a mYy G tItniey a C k s a la nigGñkFa na epSg² eTo trbs;ebkçC n G a cma np lRbey a C n_bMput. y a:geha cN as; k¾ka r Binitü G a ckMn t;)a nfa e tIebkç C nniy a y Bitesµa HR tg;E d rb¤G t;GMBIR bv tþIka rga rrbs;xøÜne na H. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

K > ka rEN naMniey a C itfµI² [sÁa l;GMBIG a C Iv kmµrbs;Gñk (Orienting New Employees to Your Business)

eso v ePA kt;R ta eda yé d GMBIka rga r (employment handbook) TMna k;TMng )a neTA nwgn iey a C itTaMgenH[d wgGMBIBt’ma nsMx a n;² enA kñúgR kumh‘un. eso v ePA enHrY mma n ka rrMBwgTukrbs;R kumh‘u n eK a lney a )a y R )ak;ebo v tSr_ l½kçx½N Ðka rga r p lR beya C n_bnÞa b;; bnSM nigTsSn³ rbs;R kumh‘ uncM eBa HG tifiC n.

enA eBlE d lbuK Álikmña k;cUleFV I ka r R kumh‘unK YrE tpþl;nUv ka rE N naM[dwgBIeK a lney a )a y TUeTA rbs;R kumh‘un niglkçn³ C a k;la k;rbs;

ka rga r. k,Ünc,a b;vin½y (rules)é nR kumh‘unK YrE tR tUv )a nBnül; [lMGit nigka rrMBwgT ukBIka rga rK YrE tÉ kPa BKña ed a y Ga R s½y eTA elI sMnYrmYy cM nYnE d l)a neqøIy tb munn wg;ni ey a C itfµIca b;epþIme FVIk a rga r. niey a CitfµIK YrE tR tUv )a n E N naM[sÁa l;niey a C itca s;² nigeFV I [ma n G a rmµN_fa ma nka rsVa Kmn_cMeBa HxøÜn. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

bBaða tMé ltbsñg (Compensation Issues)

tMé ltbsñgma n 2R bePTK W ³ ¬1 ¦tMé ltbsñged a ypÞa l; ¬R )a k;ebo v tSr_¦ nig¬ 2¦tMé ltb sñgminpÞa l ;¬p lR bey a C n_b nÞa b;bnS M¦. tMé ltbsñgpÞa l; - R )a k;ebo v tSr_K WC a tMé ltbsñgE dlbuK ÁlikTTYly:a geTo gTa t; ¬TTYlC a R bcaME x / knøHE x / b¤s )þa h_¦.

GñkeFVIka rR tUv eK pþl;ebo v tSr_ed a y E p¥kelIeBlev la ¬ta mem:ag é f¶ s )þa h_ b ¤E x ¦ b¤k¾E p¥kelI Tinñp lka rga r ¬ta mE p nka relIkTwk citþ¦. tMé ltbsñgE d lminpÞa l; - enA kñ úgG a C Iv kmµFunt UcPa K eR cIn p lR bey a C n_bnÞa b;b nSM K WC a EpñkmYy d¾sMx a n;é ntMé ltbsñg TaMgG s;. p lR beya C n_buK Áli k\ lUv enHma nR bE hl40 °é nka rcMna y eTA elIka rebIkR )a k;E x . Pa BEd lG a crkR )a k;cMeN j )a né n R kumhu‘ntUc² K WC a ka rs nµt;fa C a lT§p lmYy (determinent)kñú gcMena mka rs nµt;na na d MbUgfa e tIp lR bey a C n_GVIxøHE d lR kumh‘unR tUv pþl;[d l;buK Álik.

rebo bed a HR sa y d¾eC a KC ½y mYy kñúgka rpþl;p lR bey aC n_d l;niey a C itrbs;G a C Iv kmµFunt Uc² K Wé lTuked a yE L k² nUv cMnYnR ) a k;C a k; la k; kñuúgbuK Álikmña k;² . b nÞa b;mkbuK ÁliknimYy ² eR C Is erIs kBa© b;p lR beya C n_E d ls mRs beTA nwgtMrUv ka rrbs;xøÜ nna eB lbc© úb,nñ. rebo b ed a HR s ay enH eFVI[b uK Álikd wged a yxøÜnÉ gfa v a ma nsmFm’y a:gx<s; eR Ba H ¬1 ¦ ma nes rIPa Bkñúgka reR C Is erIs ¬2¦minbgçM [buK ÁlikTaMgG s;R tUv E tTTYly kkBa© b;E tmYy N a ena HeT. C a ]Ta hrN_ buK Álikv½y ekµgmña k;E d lma nkUntUceR cI nG a cma ncMna b; G a rmµN_eTA elIka rFa na ra:b;rgE pñkeFµj sMra b;R K Ys a rKa t;. K at;BitC a minca b;G a rmµN _eTA elIE p nka rcUlniv tþn _enA eBlenHeT . buK Álik mYy eTo t enA kñúgR kumh‘und E d lenHE d lma nv½y R s )a lG a yuE s sib)øa y K µa nkUnE d lBwgBak;K a t;eT ehIy eR K a gnwgcUlniv tþn_. bgç M [buK ÁlikTaMgBIrenH TTYlp lR bey a C n_d UcK ña K WC a ka reR bIR )as;luy K µa nR bsiT§Pa B. G nuBaØa ti[ma nC MerIs xøH K WC a K uN sm,tþid ¾ sMx a n;é nrebo bed a HR sa y cMeBa Hka reR K agC aE p nka rp lR beya a C n_.

G a CIv kmµFuntUc² C a eR cInR bQ mmux eTA nwgka rl,gd ¾lM)a ké ncMeN HxøÜn e nA eBlE d lBYkeK Büa y a meFVIp lR bey aC n_[dUce TA nwg R kumh‘unFM² . y a:gN a k¾ed a y R kumh‘untUc² G a ceBj citþn wgp lR bey a C n_é nPa BG a cpøa s;bþÚr ta mka l³ eTs³ nigka rbBa© Úlrebo b fµIka n;E tR besIr ta mry ³ pþl;nUv E p nka rE bbeRC Is erIs ed a yxøÜnÉ g (afeteria plan). eTA ed ImTMB½rvij


3> karC Yl y kb uK Álik Ed l sm Rs b3> karC Yl y kb uK Álik Ed l sm Rs b3> karC Yl y kb uK Álik Ed l sm Rs b3> karC Yl y kb uK Álik Ed l sm Rs b (Hiring the Right Employees)

k> ka rbegáIteK a lney a )a y cMeBa HbuK Álik x > ka rkMnt; nUv C Mna j nigs mtßP a BE dlR tUv ka r K > ka rrkbuKÁlik

X > ero bcMsMN uME bbbTbMeBj rbs;ebkçC n g> Ba küsuMeFVIka rga r c> ka rsMPa s n_ebkçC nka rga r

mux C MnYj mYy G a cdMeN Irka rl¥eTA )a n ed a y s a rma nbuK Álikl¥nigma ns mtßPa B. d UecñH ed Im,I R K b;R Kgmux CMnYj [ma nR bsiT§Pa B GñkR tUv E tcMN ay eBlEsVgrk nigC YlbuK ÁlikE d ls mR s b.

es ckþIE N naMenH BiPa kSa BId MeN Irka ré nka rrkbuKÁlik[ka n;mux tME N gkñúgR kumh‘unr Ymma n ka rbegáIteK a lney a )a y cMeBa HbuK Álik ka rkMnt;nUv C Mna j nigs mtßPa B GVIE d lR tUv ka r ka rE sVgrkebkçC nd a k;Ba kü ka rbegáItE bbb TBa küsuM nigka rsMPa s n_ebkçC n. ka r rkbuK Álik[ka n;ka rC a ka rsMx an;N a s;cMeBa Hmux C MnYj TaMgtUcT aMgFM. R kumhu‘nTaMgG s;suT§E tR bQ mmux nwgka rR bfuy R bfa nd Uc² K ña kñúgka rC Yly kbuKÁlikfµI. e Ta HbIC a y a:gN a k¾ed a y R kumh‘unka n;E tt Uc K Wka n;E tma nlT§ Pa Btickñúgka ré llkeBlev la nig cMna y E d l Ba k;B½n§eTA n wgka rC Yl ehIy bnÞa b ;mkbeN þj ecj nUv buK ÁlikE d lma nkMhus . b:uE nþ R kumh‘u nka n;E tFM K Wma nt icni c nig nItiviF IC Ylma n R bsiT§Pa B E d leFVI[ka rR bfuy R bfa nnwgeR K a Hfña k;ka n;E ttUceTA ² . R bsinebI ela kGñk ¬C a GñkR K b;R K gEd lC a m© a s;R kumh‘unBIt UceTA mFüm¦ nwgca t;E cgR K b;R K gR btibtþika r G a CIv kmµed a yR bsiT§Pa B el a kGñkk¾R tUv E tG nuv tþp gE d rtamticnic xøH² TaMgenH.

k> ka rbegáIteK a lney a )a y cMeBa HbuK Álik (Setting Personnel Policies)

d MbUgbg¥s; R tUv d wgBIxøÜnGñk. cU rd wgfa GñkeFVIC MnYj GVI s mtßPa B pÞa l;xøÜnnigc Mnuc exSa y rbs;Gñk ehIy Büa y a mR bemIlemIlnUv viFI E d lGñknwgy kmked a HR s aysßa nka rN_E d lGñkrMBwgfa nwge kIteLIgkñúgR btibt þika rR bcaMé f¶é nka reFVIC MnYj rbs;Gñk. bnÞa b ; mk s res rBIeK a lney a )a y TaMgena Hed a y rYmbBa©ÚlnUv bBaða TaMgG s;E d lG a cma nplb:HBa l;eTA elIbuK Álikd UcC a R )a k;ebo v tSr_ ka r tMelIgz a n³ ka rQ b;sMra kvisSmka l ka rsMuc,a b;Q b; eBlma nTukçlM )a k p lR bey a C n_bnÞa b;bnSM nigeK a lney a )a y cUlni v tþn_.

nItiviF Ika rga rnigbN þúHbN þa lR tUv E tbegáIteLIg ed Im, I[Gñkma n»ka s ka n;E tR besIrkñúgka rTTYly kka rga rEd leFVIecj mk d UcE d l

Gñk cg;)a n. GñkG a ccg;;K itBi ca rN a BIka rsMerccitþ begáIt nUv e K a lney a )yC a lay l½kçG kSr d Ucx a geR ka menH ³

em:a geFVIka r³

Bica rN a BIcMn Ynem:a geFV Ika rkñúg mYy s )þa h_ cM nYné f¶kñ úgmYy s )þ a h_ ka rga renA eBly b;nigeBlvisSmka l R BmTaMgeBlev la nig viFIé nka rebIkR )a k;ebo v tSTaMgka rga reTo gTa t; nigem:a gbE nßm. ka rcMN a y fvika Ed lmincaM) a c;cMeBa Hem:a gbE nßmed a y G R tax<s; K WC a R bPBmYy é nka rcMna y EdlmincaM)a c;. ed a y ma nE p nkarx a gmux GñkG a cma nlT§Pa Bero bcMca t;E cgka rga rrbs;buK ÁlikGñk E d leFVIka relIs ema:g [mkenA R twmkMritG b,brma . enA eBlE d lry ³ eBlkMritx<s;bMputek It ma neLIg C a jwkj a b; GñkG a ced a H R s a y ed a y eR bIR )a s;C MnYy ka rga reR kA ema:gE d lR tUv pþl;R )k;e bo v tSr_ed a y GR ta eTo gTa t;.

tMé ltbsñg³

Pa K eR cIné ncMN Ulrbs;buK Álik K YrE tecj mkBIR )a k;ebo v tSr_C a mUld §a n E d lma nlkçN ³R bkYtR bE C geTA nwgka rcMna y ebIkR )a k; rbs;R kumh‘unR s ed o gKña epSg²eTo tkñúgR suk. v a Ga cnwgbMeBj bR gÁb;eTA [R )a k;ebo v tSr_C a mUld §a n ed a y TMrg;é nka relIkTwkcitþ xøH² dUcC a kMé reC Igs a rtic (small commission) b¤k¾E p nka rkU ta R )a k;bE nßm (quota bonus plan). cUrBüa y a meFVI[eR K O gelIk Twkcitþma nT Mna k;TM ngK ña eTA nwge K a ledA rbs;Gñk nigeK a led A rbs;buK ÁlikGñk. GñkR tUv R )a kdfa E p nka rGVIk¾ed a y E d lGñkeRbI buK ÁlikBitC a y l;y:a gc,a s;TaMgR sug.

p lR bey aC n_bnÞa b;bnS M ³

GñkG a cBica rN a fa nwgpþl;[buK ÁliknUv ka rcuHé føeTA elImux TMn i j ka rFa na r:a b;rgC Ivited a y min K ité fø ka rFa na r:a b;rgsux Pa B E p nka r R )a k;es a Fnniv tþn_ nigka rbg;é føQñÜlsikSa enA É s a la ero n nigmha viTüa l½y na na . GñkG a cy kcitþTukd a k;cUlrYmp gE d rC amYuy Ba NiC ¢krepSg² eTo tkñúgE p nka rR kumC nBika r nigE p nka rtMé ltbsñgcMeBa HR kumkmµkr. E p nka rmYy E bbenH G a cma n n½y fa C a ka rs nSM mYy y a:gs n§w ks n§a b;enA kñúgka rcMna y d ¾x<s; bMputrbs;Gñk.

ka rQ b;sMra kvisSmkal ³

etIka rQ b;sMra kvisSmka lmanry ³ eBlb:unµa n? e tIGñknwgkM N t;eBlé nviisSmka lb¤eT? e tIka t;R )a k;E x eT?

ka rsuMc,a b;Q b;sMra k ³

etIGñknwgG nuBaØa ti[b uK ÁliksuMc ,a b;Q b;sMra b;erO gpÞa l;xøÜn kr N IbnÞa n;kñúgR K Ys a r visSmka l é f¶Bies s ² dUcC a é f¶e)a Heqña t é f¶ esA r_ b¤é f¶G a TitüE d rb¤eT?

ka rbN þúHbN þa l ³

GñkR tUv R )a kd fa buK Álikrbs;Gñk)a nTTYlka rha t;ero nR K b;R Ka n;sMra b;eFV Ika rga r. kñúgR kumh‘u ntUc² C a Fmµta GñkR K b;R KgEdlC a m© a s; R tUv ma nTMnYlxus R tUv x a gka rbN þúHbN þa lbuK Álik. b:uE nþebIGñkma nGñkR tYtR ta emIl BYkeK mña k;² KYrE tTTYlsÁa l;nUv s a r³ sMx a n;kñúgka rkøa y C aR KUbeR go nd ¾l¥ ehIy K YrE teR K a gnUv eBlevla ed Im,IbeR go nmnusSfµI.

ka rcUlniv tþn _ ³

etIGñkma nE p nka ry:a gN a xøHcM eBa Hp lR beya C n_é nka rcUlniv tþn_ d UcC a s nþisux s gÁm E p nkarR )a k;es a Fnniv tþn_ nigka rFa na r:a b; rgR bcaMqñaM?

eBlma nTukçlM)a k ³

GñkG a cnwgma nC Mela HCa mYy buK Álikrbs;GñkE d lmin)a nK itd l;K uN Pa Bé nka rga rEd lGñkpþl;[eT. viFa nka rl¥bMput K WeR K a g E p nka rsMra b;BYkeK rYce hIy be gáitnUv n ItiviF IsMra b;ed a HR s a y nUvTukçlM)a kenH. c UrGñkBica rN a BIsiT§irbs; buK Álikkñúgka rTa mT a r [BinitüeLIgvij nigb egáIt nUv x -E cgsMra b;Pa BC a GCJa kN þa lEd lC a PaKITI3.

ka rtMelIgz a n³ ³

Gñknwgcg;Bica rN a bBaða tMelIgz a n³ enHd UcK ña nwgka rtMelIgR )a k;ebo v tSr_ nigka rpøa s;bþÚ rtYna T I ka rga rEd r ehIy v a ma n\ Ti§BleTA elI ka rrIkcMerI nrbs;R kumhu‘ n.

ka rR tYtBinitübuK ÁlikeLIgvij ³

yUr² mþg etIGñknwgBi nitüBIka rR btibtþ ika rga rrbs;buK ÁlikGñkE d rb¤eT? ebIBi nitü etIkt þa GVIxøHE d lGñknwgBica rN a ? etIGñknwg eFVI ka rTUTa t;s gC a R )a k;ebo v tSr_ ni gka rEN naMMka rha t;ero nE d rb¤eT?

ka rbBaÄb; ³

eTa HbIenHC a bBaða minC a TIeBj citþcMeBa HGñkR K b;R K gC a eR cInk¾e d a y ka rbBaÄb;enHR tUv ma neK alney a )a y Ed ls res rCa lay lkçN _G kSrnUv bBaða TaMgG s;en a H d UcC a ka rbBaÄreC Ig siT§ié nP a ByUrG E gVgé nka rga r R )a k;TTY leR ka yQ b;eFVIka r n igl½kçx½ N Ð E d lFa na cMeBa Hka rbeN þj ecalPøa m² ed a y\ tKitK UreR cIn. eBlE d lGñkbegáItnUv eK a lne y a )a y pÞa l;rbs;GñkehIy c Ur kt;R ta nUv eK a lney a )a y sþIBIbBaða TaMgG s;E dlb:HBa l;d l;buK Álikmñ a k;² rYccMlg[BYkeK mYy c,a b;mña k;² . bBaða TaMgL a y ¬dUcC a em:a g eFVIka r ka rkt;;R ta eBlev la ka rQ b;sMra kE d lenA TTYlR )a k;ebo v tSr_ visSmka l bTbBa¢a é pÞkñúgé n\ riy a bfnigka resøó kBa k; ka rebIkR )a k;E x R bB½n§ka rga r e m:a gbE nßm nItivi FIed a y E L k R )a k;TTYleR ka y Q b;eFVIka r R )a k;es a Fnniv tþn _nigE p nka rcUlni v tþn_ ka rcUlsMra kkñúgmnÞIreBTü nig ka rBüa )a lEpñkev Cs a Rsþ R BmTaMgnItiviF IeBlma nTukçlM )a k¦ K YrE tR tUv )a neFVI[ma nlkçN ³C a bTd æa n (standardize).

eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

x > ka rkMnt; nUv C Mna j nigs mtßP a BE dlR tUv ka r (Determining Needed Skills and Abilities)

knøwHkñúgka rTT Yl)a nnUv mn usSE d lR twmR tUv K WsßitenA R tg;ka rsMerccit þfa etIC Mna j E bbN a EdlR tUv ka redIm,Iy kmkR btibtþi ka r ga r. eBlEd lGñkd wgfa CMna j GVIE d lR tUv ka rehIy GñkG a cpÁÚpÁgC Mna j nigbTBies a Fn_rbs;e bkçC neTA nwgtMr Uv ka ré nka rga r.

C Mha nd MbUgkñúgka rviPa K elIka rga rK WdwglMGitBIv a . ]bma fa GñkC a GñkR K b;R K gEd lmma jwkeR cIn GñksMercfa nwgC YlnrN a mña k; mkC Yy sMra lkic© ka rGñkxøH. cU rGñksMlwgemIlmux ga rC a eR cInE d lGñkkMBugeFVI nigsMe rcfa etI GVIxøHC a cMnucexSa y nigxøMa grbs; Gñk.

]bma eTo tfa GñksMerccitþR tUv ka rC MnYy enA kñúgkriy a l½y . TUrs½BÞE tgE tera T×C a b;C a nic© . sMbuR tE d lR tUv eqøIy tbka n;E tK reR cIn eLIg. eK bBa¢a Tij TMnij ka n;E teR cIneLIg.

eBlE d lGñkma nka rero bra b;BI ka rga renA elIR kda s sña mehIy cUrGñksMercc itþfa ebkçC nR tU v ma nCMna j GVIxøHsMra b;bMeBj ka rga r. C Mna j GVIE d lTa bbMputE d lGñknwgG a cTTYl)a n? ta m]Ta hr N _enH [eyIgs nµt;C a munfa Gñ ksMerccitþd Mb UgC Ylelx a Fika rmña k; b:uE nþ R s a b;E td wgfa elx a Fika rma ned a y kMr nigR tUv cM na y R )ak;G s;eR cIn. elIs BIenHe TA eT o t sUm,IE tGñkC v elx ¬GñkE dlG a c s res rrh½s Ta n;ta ms mþIE d leK niy a y )a n¦ k¾esÞIrE tBi)a knw grkE d r ehIy k¾cMna y R )a k;Gs;eR cInd Ucelx a Fika rE d r.

GñkR bE hlCa G a crk)a nnUv Gñkv a y G gÁúlIelx eR Ba Hv a ma nPa Bga y RsYlC agnigcMna y R )a k;G s;ticC a gelx a Fika r b¤GñkC v elx . sisSC a eR cInenA ta mviTüa l½y ma nlkçN ³ sm,tþiC a Gñkv ay GgÁúlIelx )a ny:a gl¥ hIy BYkeK k¾kMBugE trkka rga reR kA em:a geFVIE d r. cMnuc bE nßmmYy eTo tK W enA eBl E d lGñkca b;epþImrknrN a mña k;mkeFVIka rga r[Gñk cUrGñkeC O Ca k;fa GVIE d lGñkcg;)a n K Wc,a s;la s; ehIy . cUrK itfa GñkR K b;R K gEd lC am© as;mña k; pSa y rkGñklk;enA kñúgha g. et IebkçC nR tUv ma ns mtßPa BeFVIGVIxøH? et IR K a n;E tG a c bUkbBa© ÚlK ña nUv vik½y b½R tlk;[)a nR twmR tUv b¤? ka n;bBa¢IG tifiC n ehIy eBlxøHpSBVpSa y lk;plitp lrbs;GñkeTA G tifiC nTaM g ena Hb¤? d MeN Irka rha g eBlE dlGñkenA q¶a y b¤? ma nka ry l;eXIj xus ²K ña cMeBa Hka rga rC a Gñklk;.

GñkR tUv dwgBIC Mna j E d lGñkR tUv ka rnigG a cTTYl)a n d UcE d lRtUv )a nkMnt ;fa ka rbN þúHbN þa lE bbN aE d lGñkpþl;[buK Álik. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

K > ka rrkbuKÁlik (Finding Applicants)

enA eBlE d lGñkd wgBICMna j E bbN a cMeBa HbuK ÁlikfµIehIy Gñk eR to mCa eR s cedIm,ITMna k;TM ng C a mYy R bPBE d lG a cCYy GñkRbka s eR C Is erIs ebkçC nd a k;Ba kü. ma nR bPBnigmeFüa )a y C a eR cInE d lCYy Gñkd UcC a TIPña k;ga rrd §b¤ É kC nsMra b;erIs b uK Álik s a rBt’ma n TUrTsSn_ s a la ero n C a edIm. Gñkk¾G a cE sVgrkGñkd a k;Ba kü)a np gE d r ta mry ³ka rTa k;TgC a mYy mitþPkþ i GñkC itx a g G tifiC n GñkpÁt;pÁg; buK Álikb c© úb,n ñ s ma K mkñúgR suk d UcC a s Pa Ba NiC ¢kmµfµIefµa gE d lGñkC as maC ik . y a:gNa k¾ed a y kuMemIlrMlg bBaða E d lnwgekItma neLIgta mry ³ka reR CIs erIs E bbenH. etIGVI nw gekIteLIgebIGñkminR BmTTYl GñkE d lBYkeK EN naM b¤k¾GñkR tUv

beN þj GñkEd lBYkeK )a nE N naMena H?

viFIs a R sþé nka rR bka s eR CIs erI s buK ÁlikzitenA elIR bePTé nmu x C MnYj / TItaMgrbs;Gñk n igxøÜn GñkpÞa l;. viFIR besIrbMput K WeR bIR K b; meFüa )a y TaMgG s;bBa© ÚlK ña . cMnucsMx a n; K Wka reR C Is erIs )a nbuK ÁlikR twmR tUv ma nC Mna j s mR s bnwgka rga r eTa HbI)a nmkBIR bPB N a k¾ed a y . eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

X > ero bcMsMN uME bbbTbMeBj rbs;ebkçC n (Developing Applicants Forms)

ka rE d lBi)a kbMputK Wka rE sVgrk nigC YlmnusSE d ls mR s b. GñkR tUv ma nviFIxøH² kñúgka rBini tüeR C Is erIs ebkçC n nigcM ra j ;erIs y knrN a Ed ll¥bMputsMra b;mu x tME N g. sMNuME bbbTsuMka r ga r C a ]bkrN_mYy E d lGñkG aceR bIR )a s; ed Im,IeFV Ika rsMPa s n_ nigka r cMra j ;erIs y kka n;E tma nPa Bga y R sYl.

Ba küsuMK YrE tma nTukkE nøgsMra b;s res rnUv ka rBitTaMgG s;E dlGñkR tUv ka rCa mUld æa nsMra b;vinicä ½y eTA elIebkçC n. Gñknwgc g;)a nE t sMN uME bbbTN a E dlma nBt’ma neBj elj RK b;R Ka n;lµm. eTa HC a y:a gNa k¾ed a y Ba küsuMTaM gena HR tUv ma nlkçN ³s a mBaØta m E tGñkG a ceFVI)a n. [ebkçC nbM eBj sMNuME bbbTsin m unn wgni y a y Ca mYy BYkeK . v aC a cMnucca b;epþ;Imé nka rsMPa s n_d ¾l¥. v a G a c C a ka rs res rero bra b;BIbTBies a Fn_ eQµa HnigG a s½y d §a nrbs;G tItniey a C k. Ba küsMuC a KMrUmY y R tUv eK pþl;[d Ucx a geR ka m ³ eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

g> Ba küsuMeFVIka rga r (Application for Employment)

eQµa H> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > é f¶E x qñaMkMeN It> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > G s½y d§a nbc© úb,n ñ> > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >

elx TUrs½BÞ> > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> b½N ÑebIkbrelx > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>

é f¶E x qñaME dlGñkcUlero n ³

bz msikSa BIqñaM> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> d l;> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > viTüa l½y BIqñaM> > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> dl;> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >

mha viTüa l½y BIqñaM> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> d l;> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>

etIGñkma nka r)a t;bg;cME N kNa mYYy é nra gka yE dleFVI[GñkminG a ceFVIka rga rmYy cMnY nE d rb¤eT? > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >

ebIma n sUmero bra b; nigR )a b;BIR bePTka rga rE d lGñkminG a ceFVI)a n ³ > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >

ero bra b;BIka rga rca s; nigka rga rbc© úb,nñkñ úgta ra gx a geR ka m ed a y ca b;epþImBIka rga rfµIbMput ¬ rYmTaMgka rbMerIey a Fa eb IBa k;B½n§¦ ³ eQµa HR kumh‘un- BIq ñaM d l;- R b Fa n- mUlehtu ca kecj - R )a k;ebo v tSr_- z a n³ > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >

etIeyIgG a cTa k;TgC a mYy niey a C kEd lero bra b;x a gelI)a nE drb¤eT? > > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > ebIminG a c sUmbBa¢a k;GñkN aE dlGñkcg; [eyIgTa k;Tg> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> mUlvica rN _> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>

c> ka rsMPa s n_ebkçC nka rga r (Interviewing Job Applicants)

eK a lbMN gé nka rsMPa s n_ K Wk a rd wgBt’ma nBIebkçC n[)a neR cI nGMBIR bv tþika rga r C a Bies s TMla b;ka rga r nigC Mna j . ka rgarcMbgK W [ebkçC nniy a y ero bra b;BIxøÜne K pÞa l;nigTMla b;ka rga rrbs;BYk eK . viFIl¥bMputK WsYrebkçC n nimY y ² nUv sMNYrC a k;la k;d UcC a etI ka rga r cugeR ka y GñkeFVIGVI? etIGñke FVIr ebo bN a ? ehtuGVI)a nC a eFVIv a ?

eBlGñksMPa s beNþIr v a y tMé lcMelIy rbs;ebkçC nbeN þI r. etIBYkeK d wgBIGVIE d lBYkeK kMBugniy a y E d rb¤eT? etIB YkeK eK cev s BIka rga r b¤k¾K µa nC Mna j kñúgPa rkic© ka rga r? etIBYkeK G a cy kmkK itBIPa BminR s bK ña ed ay G enøI (discrepancies) é nka rga rE d reT? enA eBlkic© sMPa s n_cb; cUrGñke sñI[ebkçC nmkC YbGñkeBleR ka y ebIGñkK itfa ca b;G a rmµN _ebkçC nmña k;ena H. kuMs nüa C a mYy ebkçC n [es a H luHR ta E tGñk)a nsMPa s n_R K b;ebkçC nTaMgG s;ed ImI,[ma nPa BR )a kd fa GñkeRC Is erIs ebkçC nE d lR twmR tUv .

bnÞa b;mk epÞó gpÞa t;Bt’ma nE d lGñkTTYl)a n. C a Fmµta G tItniey a C kK WC aR bPBd¾l¥bMput . eBlxøH G tItniey a C knwgpþl;Bt’ma n [eyIgta mTUrs½BÞ. b:uE nþC a ka rl¥bMput GñkK YrE ts res rnUv Bt’ ma nE d lGñkcg;)a nrYcepJI ed Im,I TTYlka reqøIy tbC a la y lkç½G kSr vij . edImI,C Yy [ka reqøIy tb) a nqa b;rh½s GñkK YrE tsYrG tIt niey a C knUv sMnYrticE tC a k;la k;GMBIebkçC n E d lG a cTTYlcMelI y mk vij xøIxøwm. ]Ta hrN _ etIbuK Áli kmña k;enH)a neFV Ika r[ela kGs;ry ³ eBlb:unµa n? et Ika rga rrbs;K a t;G n; mFüm b¤l¥ eT? e htuGVI)a n C a buK Álikmña k; enHca kecj BIR kumhu‘nela k?

bnÞa b;BIGñk)a n epÞó gpÞa t;Bt’ma nrYceh Iy GñkG a ceFVIka rsMerc citþc Mra j ;eR C Is erIs )a n. buK ÁlikE d lR s mR s b G a cC Yy GñkcM eN j luy . buK ÁlikE d lerIs xus nwge FVI[Gñkx a tTaMgeBlev la sMPa r³ nigG a cbeN þj G tifiC nGñkE fmeTo t. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij


6 > b s idæk m µplit P aBk arg ar6 > b s idæk m µplit P aBk arg ar6 > b s idæk m µplit P aBk arg ar6 > b s idæk m µplit P aBk arg ar (Productivity Improvement)

k> K uN Pa Bé nCIvitka rga r x > p lR beya C n_E d lG a cbt;E bn)a n K > ka rva s;E v gp litPa B X > ka rR bfuy R bfa nnwgbMla s;bþÚr

GñkG a cKiteTA d l;ka rma nbuK ÁlikC a Ca gka rR bkYtR bE Cg k¾b:u E nþR kumh‘unGñkenA E teFV I[ma nticC a g ehIy cMeBa HGñknwgma n ka rG a k; G n;citþE d lbuK Álikma nTin ñp lTa b eTa HbIC a Gñkpþl;R )a k;E x [BYkeK eR cInC a gka rR bkYtR bE Cgk¾ed a y . ka rR sa v RC av nigkrN IsikSa BIp litPa Bbgða j fa ka rCMruj Tw kcitþn igka reBj citþé nGñkeFVIka rE d lekIneLIg G a ceFV I[Tin ñp lka rga rekIneLIgE d r. sBVé f¶enH GñkR K b;R K gEd leCO nelO nnigTMenI b sMerc )a nK uN R bey a C n_BIp litPa B C a mYy nwgrebo bR Kb;R K gFnFa nmnusSE d leTA hYs ka r elIkTwkcit þ.

ka rE N naMenHBiPa kSa nUv meFüa ) a y begáInTin ñp lka rga rta mry³ ka relIkTwkcitþn Uv K uN Pa Bé nTsSna Ta nC Ivitka rga r (quality of work life concepts) n igta mry ³ pþl;p lR bey a C n_ta mtMrUv k a rrbs;buK Álik. ka rcMna y ³ ka rR K b;R K gFnFa nmnusSR bE hlC a min cMN a y eR cInC a gka rpøa s;bþÚrb uK Álik ¬ka rC Ylnigka rbN þúHbN þa lbuK Álikfµi¦ ka rtM elIgR )a k;E xK µa nmUld æa n nigp litPa BeT. p l- R bey a C n_ ³ p litPa Bka n;E tl¥ GñkeFVIka resµa HR tg;nigma nR bsiT§Pa B K uN Pa Bka rga rka n;E tx<s; nigPv n Iy Pa BK g;v gSé nG a CIv kmµ ekIneLIg.

s a r³ sMx a n;é nka relIkTwkcitþ ni gR bsiT§Pa Brbs;buK Álik K WC a lkçN ³ Ed lR K b;R K gelIBYkeK. TMna k;TMnged a y pÞa l;K g;enA kñúgka r R K b;R Kgd¾ma nR bsiT§Pa B ¬eBa lK Wpþl;nUv briy a ka s ka rga rmYy E d lsMerc)a nnUv eK a led A rbs;R kumh‘unnigb uK ÁlikkñúgeBlC a mYy Kña ¦ nigka rR K b;R K gFnFa nmnusSd¾TMenI b.

eC a KC ½y é nka rR K b;R K grbs;Gñkvinicä½y ta mry ³ C Mna j nigcMe N Hdwgrbs;Gñkkñúgka rTTYlsÁa l;nig)a:n ;sÞg;emIlBIbBaða TaMg L a y E d leFVI[buK ÁlikxVl;xVa y nigta mry ³ lT§Pa Brbs;Gñkkñúgkared a HR sa y kgVl;TaMgenHed a y ka rC Yy nigka rbMeBj citþbuK Áli k. - etIb uK ÁlikGñkd wgBIrebo bE dlGñkvinicä½y n igv a s;sÞg;BIka rRbtibtþ ika rga rrbs;BYkeK eT? - etIGñkC Mruj n igpþl;nUv ka rG Pi v D Æn_d l;buK Álikmña k;² ed ay kmµviFIbN þúHbN þa l nigG b;r ME d rb¤eT?

- etIGñkeC O C a k;elIbuK Álikrb s;Gñk nigBWgE p¥kelIcMeN Hd wgrbs;BYkeK E d rb¤eT? - etIGñkG nuBaØa ti[b uK Álikrb s;GñkeFVIka rsMercc itþE d rb¤eT? - etIGñkma nka rR )a R s½y Ta k;TgpøÚv BIrE d lkMnt; R twmR tUv nigTU lMTUla y C a mYy buK Álikrbs;Gñ kE d rb¤eT?

R bsinebIGñkeqø Iy fa eTcMeBa HsMnYrTaMgenH GñkR bE hlC a GñkRK b;R K gE pñkFnFa nmnusSE d leK mineBj citþeLIy eh Iy ma n ¬b¤ nwgma n¦ bBaða BIp litPa Brbs; buK Álik.

k> K uN Pa Bé nCIvitka rga r (Quality of Work Life)

ed Im,ITTYl)a nka rR btibt þika rg a rma nK uN Pa Bx<s;BIbuK Álikrb s;Gñk K WG a R s½y elIka rpþl;»ka s d l;BYkeK sMra b;ka rlUtla s;pÞa l; xøÜn ka rTTYleC a K C ½y TMnYlxu s R tUv ka rTTYlsÁa l; nigka rpþl;rgVa n;.

R )a k;ebo v tSr_ K WC a rgVa n;nigtMrUv ka rd MbUg. eBlE dltMé ltbsñgR tUv )a nbegáIted a y É kPa BKña ehIy caM)a c;R tUv eR bIviF IepSgeT o t kñúgka relIkTwkcit þ n igbegáI nTin ñ p lka rga r. mUld æa né nkic© R bwgE R bgC Mruj ka rga r KWka rTTYlsÁa l;rbs;GñkBIbMngbuK ÁlikE d lcg; eFVIka rga rl¥ TT Ylxus R tUv sMerc)a n n igTTYleC a K C ½y .

ka rpøa s;bþÚrE d lR tUv Bica rN a kñú gka rbegáItnUv K uN Pa Bé nbriy a ka s CIvitka rga rrYmma n ³

BI ³ ka rero bra b;lMGitBIka rga rC a mYy Pa rkic© C a k;la k; nigka rE N naMminecHE R bR bYlcMeBa Hrebo beFVIka rga r eTA d l;³ ka rR bKl;ka rga repSgK ña nigbt;E bnta mka l³ eTs ³ Ed lbeNþa y [ma nniy½tkmµ P a BepSgKña nigka rl,gcMenHxøÜ n .

BI ³ rcna s m<½n §é nka rbBa¢a BIfña k;elId l;fña k;eR ka m GñkR K b;R KgsMerccitþ nigGñkR tYtBi nitüca t;E cg eTA d l; ³ ka rBa k;B½n§r bs;buK Áli kkñúgka reFVIE p nka r/ ka rsMercci tþ n ignIt iviFIR btib tþika rga r.

BI ³ bN þa j é nka rR )aR s½y Ta k;TgK ña ta mz a na nuR km eTA d l; ³ ka rR )a Rs½y Ta k;TgK ña pøÚv BIred a y pÞa l;nigqa b;rh½s .

BI ³ ka rE N naMBIka rga renA nwgkE nøgE d l)a nkMN t; (Limited on-the-job instruction)

eTA d l; ³ »ka s é nka rG Piv D Æn_G b;rMnigG a C IB nigka rbN þúHb N þa lEd leCO nelO neTA mux BI ³ É keTs kmµka rga r (job specialization) kñúgPa rkic© mYy eTA d l; ³ es rIPa B (leeway)E d lG nuBaØa ti[buK ÁlikbMeBj Pa r kic© )a neR cIned a y eR C o tE RC kRbePTÉ keTs kmµ (lines of specialization)

BI ³ ka rv a y tMé lka rga rEd lmineTo gTa t;nigmin c,a s;la s;

eTa d l; ³ bTd æa nR btibtþika rga rta meK a lbMngC a mYy nwgviFa nka rN_E d lRK b;R K gy a:gs mRs b.

BI ³ suv tßiPa Bn igl½kçx½N Ðsux Pa BE d leFVs R bE hs nigminy kcitþT ukd a k; eTA d l; ³ l½kçx½N Ðka rga rEd ls¥a t ma nsuv tßiPa B nigsux Pa B

ticni cé nK uN Pa BCIvitka rga rK W eFVI[C a b;Ba k;B½n§ nwgbuK Álik ed a y E bgE cknUv TMnYlxus R tUv nig siT§iGMN a ckúñgka rR K b;R Kg d l;buK Álik. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

x > p lR beya C n_E d lG a cbt;E bn)a n (Flexible Benefits)

ka rcMna y elItMé ltbsñg d UcC a R )a k;ebo v tSnigp lR bey a C n_ K WC a Epñkd¾FMmYy é nka rcMN a y Rbtibtþ i k¾b :uE nþp lit Pa Bka rga r enA E tG a cFøa k;cuHkñúgcMeN a mbu K ÁlikE d lTTYlp lR bey aC n_eR cIn. buK Álikpþl;R bey a C n_d l;R kumh‘un ed a y s a rR )a k;ebo v tSr_ s mR s bC a b;Ta k;Tgd l;ka rR btibtþ ika rga r. ed a y mins mnwgekItma neLIges a H minE mnsuT§ E tbBaða TaMgG s;é nka relIkTwk citþn igp litPa Bka rga red a HRsa y )a ned a y ka rtMeLIgR )a k;ebo v tSr_nigz a n³ ena HeT. v a mincaM)a c;eTkñúgka rE ksMrYlR )a k;ebo - v tSr_[hYs BIkritT IpSa rd ¾s mRs bena H.

ka rpþl;p lR bey aC n_ed Im,IbMeB j nUv tMrUv ka rC a k;la k; K WC a ticni cmYy é nK uN Pa BC Ivitka rga r. v a C aviFImYy E d leFVIG tibrma - kmµd l;tMé l cMna y Blkmµ nig d l;R )a k;cMn UlBItMé lenH ed a y mincaM)a c;b egáInka rc MN a y d¾FM TUla y ena HeT. ed a y ka rxitxM R bwgE R bgC a Bies s ed Im,IbMeBj tMrUv ka rbuK Álikmña k;² GñkR tUv BRgwgtMé lelIkTwkcitþé np lR be y a C n_E dlG a cbt;E bn)a n.

C a ]Ta hrN_ GñkG a cka t;bnßy ka rpøa s;bþÚr buK ÁlikE d lmincg;) a n nigcM na y elIka rR bka s eRCIs erIs C Yl nigbN þúHbN þa l ed a y bE gVrka rcMna y enHeTA rkSa TukbuK ÁlikE d lma nbTBies Fn_. GñkG a celIkTwkcitþ buK Álik mña k;[begáInp litPa B ed a y pþl;»ka s cMeBa Hka r G Piv D Æn_G a C IB ¬ka rbNþúHbN þa lb¤k¾ka rG b;rMkñúgs a la ¦.

TnÞwmn wwgenH GñkeFV I[C Mna j buK ÁlikR besIreLIg nig T TYlsÁa l;nUv tMé lnigbM ngR )a fña rbs;bu K Álik. p lR beya C n_E dlpþl; [buK ÁlikG a cma ntMé ldUcka rtMelIgR )a k;ebo v tSE d r eR Ba H ¬1 ¦ v a R bE hlma ntMé lticC a gka rrMeC IbrMC Yl n igp litPa Bka r ga rE d lfy cuH nig ¬2¦ v a R bEhlma ntMé lTa bC a gka rtMelIgR )a k;ebo v tSr_E d lG a cpÞwmK ña )a n.

G a yu ka rG b;rM bTBies a Fn_ka r ga r ka rbMeBj ka rga r sßa nPa BR KYs a r (marital status) nigTM hMR K Ys a rKWC a ktþa vinic ä½y E d l kMN t;nUv R bey a C n_ (utility) ni gPa BTa k;Ta j p lR bey aC n_. p lR bey aC n_xus ² Kña R tUv nwgci tþmnusSxus ² K ña Ed r. tMrUv ka r rbs;mnusSra l;rUbma nlkçN ³ xus ² Kña . buK Álikekµg² G a celIkTwkcitþ )a ned a y [eR bIR )a s;L a nrbs;R kumh‘un. buK Álikca s;² G a ccg;)a nz a n³ tYna TI b¤ s ma C ikPa Bkúñgs ma KmNa mYy . bBa¢Ip lR bey a C n_buK ÁlikE d lG a cma n nigka rsMurbs;BYkeK K W esÞIrE tminG a ckMN t;)a n. ed Im,ITTYl )a ntMé lx<s;bMput GñkR tUv E tpþl;p lR bey aC n_cMeBa Hka rga r nigGVI² E d ltMrUv [ma n

R BmTaMglT§Pa BE pñkhiBaØv tßúrb s;R kumh‘unGñk.

cUrK itBIrebo bE d lGñkG a ceR bI)a nnUv ³ - kmµviFIs nSMmu nbg;Bn § - kmµviFIkMs a nþ - ka rcuHPa K ry - G a ha rrUbkrN _ - E p nka rhirBaØv tßúpÞa l;xøÜn - R )a k;kMcI - ka rR bK l;R )a k;QñÜls a la mkvij - E bgE ckp lcMeN j - L a nR kumh‘un - K N nIcMN a y pÞa l;xøÜn - ka rG nuBaØa tisiT§[ctrfy n þ - C MnYy R s bc,a b; - visSmka lbE nßm - ka rE frkSa kUn - z a n³ ka rga r - s ma CikPa Bé ns ma KmviC a CIv ³ b¤Ba NiC kmµ - ka reFVId MeN Ir.

p lR bey aC n_TaMgG s;enHminR twmE teFVI[buK ÁlikeBj cit þeT E fmTaMgeFVI[eK d wgnUv kgVl;rb s;Gñked Im,IeqøIy tb nwgtMr Uv ka rTaMgenH ed a y begáItbriy a ka s ka rga rEd lcUlrYmcME N kd l;ka rbegáIn nUv p litPa Bka rga reTo tp g.

GñkR tUv E tTTYlsÁa l;nUv bBaða plitPa Bka rga r nigtMrUv ka rrbs; buK Álik ed Im,I[GñkG a cpþl;nUv p lR bey aC n_s mR s btams Pa B ka rN_. sMBa Fé nR )a k;ebo v tSr_ (Salary compression)

ela kra:lhV (Ralph) K WC a buK Á likmña k;ma nbTBies a Fn_. GñkK itfa K a t;C a mnusSl¥ b:uE nþK a t; kMBugt¥Új E t¥rfa R )a k;ebo v tSr_r bs;K a t; minR K b;R K a n;eT. Gñkq¶l;eh Iy xwg eR Ba HGñkeTIbt MelIgR )a k;E x nigbr iy a Ta né nC Iv Pa B (cost of living) d l;K a t;ka lBImYy Ex mun enH eh Iy R )a k;E x enHeTo tes atma nlkçN ³ R bkYtR bE C gp g. ela kra:lhVha k;d UcC a rmilK uN ehIy Tinñp lka rga rFøa k;cu H. bnÞa b;BIc rca K ña C a mYy K a t;mk Gñkd wgfa Ka t;cg;[Gñkpþl;R )a k;E x [Ka t;eR cInC a gela kGid (Ed) E d lCa buK ÁlikfµI. Gñk)a nC Yl

ra lhVBIrqñaMeh Iy ed a y pþl;[K a t;62> 0 0 0d uløa rkñúgmYy qñaM. \ lUv enH K a t;TTYl)a n ;68> 5 0 0 duløa r. b:uE nþela k Ed E d leTIbE t nwgC YlmkkñúgtMé l56> 0 0 0duløa rb:ueN Ña H. ela k Ralph K itfa K a t;K YrE t)a neR cInC a genHsMra b;bTBies a Fn_ 2qñaMrbs;K a t; e bIeFo b nwgela k Ed E d lekµgC a g ehIy K µa nbTBies a Fn_.

Gñkd wgfa R )a k;E x dMbUg (starting salary) )a nekIneLIgy a:ge l;O nC a gka rtMelIgR )a k;E x Ca eTo gTa t;. buK Álikma nbTBies a Fn_b¤ cMenHd wgE d leFVI[Ta k;Ta j K Wma nka rR bkYtR bEC g. lT§p l ³ Pa Bxus E bøkK ña kñúgka rpþl;R )a k;ebo v tSr_)a nkøa y C a ticeTA ² rv a g buK Álikma nbT- Bies a Fn_ eR cIn nigbuK Álikma nbTB ies a Fn_ti c . enHeK ehA fa sMBa Fé nR )a k;ebo v tSr_.

buK Álikma nbTBies a Fn_rbs;Gñ kmincUlcit þv a eT. BYkeK nwgR btikmµtbmkvij C a G viC ¢ma n ed ay BnüWtka rga r nigE sVgrknUv ka rga r ka rtMelIgz a n³ b¤ka rtMelIgR )a k;E x mYy epSgeTo t. enA kñúgsßa nPa BenH GñkG a cTTYlsÁa l;nU v bTBies a Fn_ ka rka n;mux tME ng (tenure) nigtMé lrbs;ela k Ralph C a mYy nwgp lR bey aC n_G a cbt;E bn)a n.

ka reR bIR )a s;ticn icé nK uN Pa BC Ivitka rga redIm,IelIkTwkc itþ nig pþl;rgVa n;d l;buK Álik G a cC a lT§p leFVI[ma nK uN R bey a C n_BIp lit Pa B. C a ka rBit eK a led A cugeR ka y KWsMerc)a nn Uv lT§p lx<s;bMputBIkic© R bwgE R bgticbMput R ) a k;cMenj eR cInbMpu tBIka rcMna y ticbMput Tinñp l (output)FM bMputBIGV I² E d ld ak;bBa©Úl (input)ticb Mput . ed Im,IeFVIka req <a HeTA rkeK a led A enH GñkR tUv E tdwgfa etIR kumh‘unGñk pþl;p ly a:gd Ucemþc. ehtud Ue cñH GñkR tUv E tkMnt;[c,a s;la s; nigv a s;E v gp litPa BsMra b;ka reR bo beFo benA eBlxøH. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

K > ka rva s;E v gp litPa B (Productivity Measurement)

ka rkMnt;[c,a s;la s; nigviFIv a s;E v gp litPa Bma nlkçN ³xus K ña . viFIC a mUld æa nmYy edIm,I bBa¢a k;BIp litPa B K Wp litPa BesµInwg Tinñp lE cknwgGVI² E d ld ak;bBa©Úl eBa lK Wp litPa BC a p leFobrv a g output nig input. eK va s;brima N output ed ay Twkéd (workmanhip)ka rminlHbg;nU v bTd æa nka rga r nigPa BK µa nka rt¥Új E t¥r. eK v a s;brima N input ed a y tMé lBlkmµ em:a geFVIka r nigcMn Ynb uK Álik. ed Im,ITTYlp lR bey a C n_ ka rv a s;E v gTaMgenHR tUv E tma nlkçN ³ s amBaØ nig ma nka rÉ kPa BK ña ta mEd lGa c eFVIeTA )a n.

viFIs a R sþv a s;E v gp litPa BE dls a mBaØnigga y y l;K W eFV IR bma N viFIE ckcMnUllk;s rub (output in dollars) nigka rcM na y TUrTa t;s rub (input). eK TTYl)a nka rekI ne LIg nigtMé lC a sV½y R bv tþi E ty a:gN ak¾ed a y GñkR tUv E tE ksMrYlrkG tip rN a (inflation). ed Im,IeR bo b- eFo brgVa s;p litPa BkñúgqñaMxus ² Kña cUr erIs y kqñaMmUld æa n (base year)nigpþl;s nÞsSn_ (index) 1 0 0 [v a. bnÞa b;mk GñkK itelx p leFo b (Ratio) rv a gka rTUrT a t;nigka rlk; ehIy C a mYy nwgcM nYne na H cUrK N na s nÞsSn_ n ige R bo beFo bka reLIgcuHé ns nÞsSn_TaMgBYg.

]bma d Ucx a geR ka m ³

Year xxx1 xxx2 xxx3

Total Sales $500,000 $550,000 $610,000

Compensation $247,500 $275,000 $302,500

Ratio 2.02 2 2.02

Index 100 99 100

cUrK N na s nÞsSn_ed a y KuN pleFo bTinñp lsMra b;qñaMN a mYYy (given year)nwg1 0 0 rYcE cklT§p lena Hnwgp leFo bTinñp lqñaMmUl d æa n. eyIg)a n ³ 100 x 2 200

xxx2 Index of Productivity =__________ = ________ = 99.00

2.02 2.02

tYelx enHK WC a s mµitkmµ nigmin Ta n;E ksMrYlrkG tip rN a b:uE nþv a bgða j fa plitPa B)a nFøa k;cuHe nA kñúgqñaM xxx2 ebIeFo bn wgqñaMmU ld æa n xxx1 nigbgða j fa p litPa BkñúgqñaM xxx3 eTA C a ekIneLIgvij ebIeFo bnwgkMr ité nqñaMmUld æa n xxx1.

b:uE nþGñkma nbuK Álik1 0 na k;kñúg qñaM xxx1nig xxx2 nig 1 1 na k; kñúgqñaM xxx3. d Uec ñH GñkG a cv a s;)a np gE d rnUv Tinñp l ¬ka rlk;¦é n p litPa BcMeBa Hem:a geFVIka r. s nµt;fa buK Álikmña k;² eFV Ika r4 0 em:a gkñúgmYy s )þa h_é n2> 0 80 em:a gkñúgmYy qñaM.

xxx1 xxx2 xxx3

Total Sales $500,000 $550,000 $610,000

Hours Worked 20,800 20,800 22,880

Ratio 24.04 26.44 26.66

Index 100 109.9 110.9

s nÞsSn_enHbg ða j fa ka rlk;eFo bnwgem:a geFVIka rkñúgq ñaM xxx2 e R cInC a gkñúgqñaM xxx1ehIy d UcK ña E d r ka rlk;kñúgqñaM xxx3 eR cIn C a gTaMg kñúgqñaM xxx1n igqña M xxx2. p litPa Bka rga r)a nekIneLIg. e tIbuK Álikfµ Ima ntMé ly a:fd Ucemþc?

ed a y eR bIR )a s;p lE ckrva g output nig input GñkG a cv a s;skmµPa BN a mYy nigbuK ÁlikN a mña k;. eK G a cva s;p litPa Brb s; typist mña k;ed a y cMnYnTMB½r nigGñklk; mña k;ed a y cMnYné nka rehA TUrs½ BÞBIG tifiC n b ¤brima N lk;. enA eBlsMerccitþv a s;E v gy a:gN a nig BIGVI cU rGñkBica rN a fa mnusSmñak;eFVIGV IxøH l¥y a:gN a )a nb:uN Ña nigj wkj a b;b¤eT.

s nÞsSn_v a s;E v gnUv kMeNIn n ig tMhy é np litPa B E d lcg¥úlbgða j nUv ka rE R bR bYlx a gka rRbtibtþ ika rga rrbs;R kumh‘unGñk . GñkR tUv ka rrgVa s;TaMgenH ed Im,I[Gñk ³ 1 > G a ckMnt;)a n nUv bN þa eK a led A nigG tßiPa BTaMgL a y 2> d wgfa etIGñkQ renA TItaMgN a 3> R tUv )a neK elIkTwkcitþed a y mUlehtus mR s bna na ta mcMnY n minE mnmena s eBa© tna eT nig 4 > ma nmUldæa nrYmé nka rR )a R s½y Ta k;TgC a mYy nwgbN þa buK Álik Fna K a rik nigTIR bwkSa . eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

X > ka rR bfuy R bfa nnwgbMla s;bþÚr (Chancing change)

cMeBa HR kumh‘unC a eR cIn ka rR BmG nuv tþn_ta mti cnicK uN Pa Bé nC Ivitka rga r nigka rR K b;R KgR bey a C n_E dlbt;E bn)a n G a cpøa s;bþÚrviF I E d lGVI² TaMgL a yR tUv eFVI. v a Bi)a k nigR bkbed a y eR Ka Hfña k;kñú gka reFVIbMla s;bþÚ rTaMgenH E ty a:gN a k¾ed a y ka rpøa s;bþÚrE bbe nHmin R twmE tG a ccaM)a c;b: ueN Ña HeT E fmTaMgC a Pa Bxus Kña rv a gR kumh‘u nE d lR bkYtR bE C g nigR kumh‘u nE d lminR bkYtR bE C gp gE d r. bTBi- es a Fn_)a nbgða j fa ed a y ma nka rBieR K a Heya bl; ka reR Ka gEp nka r ka rbN þúHbN þa l nigka rG nuv tþn_d ¾s mR s b TsSna Ta nR K b;R Kg FnFa nmnusSE d lbBa©Úlrebo bfµInwgkøa y C a bTd æa nsMra b;ka rR K b;R K gd ¾ma nR bsiT§iPa B. eTA ed ImTMB½rvij

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