k quychuankythu~tquocgm phuong ti~n, thiet

BO LAO DONG THu'(jNG BINH vA xX HOIA':? _" "TRUNG TAM KIEM DJNH KY THU~ T AN TOAN KHU VUC 2

~~ (CISR)I,.,.

~ ,.., A K

QUYCHUANKYTHU~TQUOCGM~ ,,:' ,,~

VE CHE TAO VA KIEMTRA•

PHUONG TI~N, THIET BJ XEP DOKy hieu : QCVN 22 : 2010IBGTVT

,• B ? ,,'an so :

II ~•

TRUNG TAM KDKTATKV2

rAI LI~UfHroeKJEMsoAr

TCVN ISOIIEC 17020:2001 & TCVN ISOIIEC 17025 : 2007

TRUNG TAM KDKTATKV2

~ ~ A

PHIEU DE NGHl BIEN SO~NPHE DUYET Ap Dl)NG TAl LIEU

Kinh gui: - PGD.Le Cong Son

1.D~ nghi :

D Bien soan mdi D Soar xet, sli'a d6irtf Ap dung tai lieu ben ngoai

D Loai bi)D Ca'p phat them tai lieu

Ten tai lieu: Quy chuan Ky thuat Quoc gia v€ Ch€ tao va Kiem tra Phuong tien,Thi€t bi X€p dBLy do: Ban hanh d~ ap dung trong HTCL thea TCVN ISOIIEC 17020:2001 vaTCVN ISO/IEC 17025:2007 cua Trung Him

Ngu'ai d€ nghiNguyen Dtrc Hirdng

NgayOb' 1512011

2.Phe duyet d~ nghi

2.1 Y kien:2.2 Chli thich:

, D6ngy D Khong d6ng y

Ngiroi phe duyetPGD.Le Cong Son

Ngay t6 I (12011

3.Th§m xet trlnh phe duyet ap dung tai li~u

3.1 Y kien: ~ D6ng y trlnh phe duyet D Khong d6ng y3.2 Chii thich:

Nguoi tham xet ~ l~ ICN Ky ten ~gay()8 I.s;: 12011

4.Phe duyet ap dung va phan ph6i tai li~u

4.1 Y ki€n: 1\fB6ng y4.2 Chli thich:4.3 Thai gian xem xet tinh hi~u h,(cclla tai li~u:.. ~ .. H' •

4.4 Danh sach phan ph6i tai 11~u:D Ta't ca chilc danh thea muc 4.3 clla TTOI.ty( Cac chilc danh thea mvc' 4.3 clla TT01 sd huu cac ban sO': M'H.?~.It)H.ff1p'H?;mj 1i--

D Khong d6ng y

_- Ngu'ai phe duy~t Ngay t6 I 51.2011

PGD.Le Cong Son

MOl-TTOl- BAN HANH Li\N 2 0120(9) III

-- ._-- -----

•

CONG HOA xA HOI CHU NGHTAVI~T NAM

QCVN 22:201O/BGTVT

~ IV A A' _....

QUY CHUAN KY THU~T QUOC GIA VEA' ,,~ A A' A'_

CHE TAO VA KIEM TRA PHUONG TIEN, THIET BI XEP DO. .. ...

;;

National technical regulation for theconstruction and survey of lifting appliances

•

HA NQI- 2010

•

L6Iin6id3u

QCVN 22:2010/BGTVT thay the 22 TCN 239 - 97.

QCVN 22:2010/BGTVT do cue f)~ng ki~m Vi~t Nam bien soan, B9 Khoa

hQCva Cong ngh~ th~m djnh, B9 tn/ong B9 Giao thong V~n tai ban hanh

theo ThOngttl s6 26 /2010nT- BGTVT ngay 9 thang 9 narn 2010.

•

QUY CHuAN KY THU~ T QUOC GIA QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

« QUY CHuAN KY THU~T QUOC GIA

v~ CHt: T~O vA KIEM TRA PHU'O'NGTII~N,THI~T BI XEP DO

National Technical Regulation on

Construction and Survey of Lifting Appliances

M\lC lucTrang

1 Quy djnh chung 7

1.1 Pharn vi dieu chinh 7

1.2 £)oi tU'Q'ngap dl,mg 7

1.3 Giai thich tLl' ngo> 7

2.

2.1

2.2• 2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

Quy djnh ky thu~t 9

Quy dinh ve thiet ke va hOso ky thuat 9

£)6ng dau va g~n nhan hang hoa cua CO'sa che tao : 9

Cac quy dinh an toan ve ket cau 11

Thiet bi co khi 17

Thiet bi thuy IIfC 20

Thiet bi an toan 21

Quy dlnh an toan trong I~p d~t 23

Quy dinh ve vat lieu che tao, nhiet luyen va han 25

3 Quy djnh v{, quan Iy 32

4 Trach nhi~m cua cac CO' quan, to ehLPc,ca nhan 40

5 TOchLPCthl,l'c hi~n 41

Phu lucl Cac dung sai cua thiet bi nang va dU'&ngray : .42

Phu luc 2 Hanq rnuc ki~m tra ket cau kim loai 48Ph I 3 H k·1 t . h . d A • h t h'!,I!,IC anq rnuc tern ra XIC va ay XIC reo ang 49

Phu luc 4 Hanq m!,lCki~m tra day cap treo hang sO'itl,J' nhien 50

Ph I 5 H k·1 t d' . t h' . h' t!,I l,JC Glngm!,lC lem ra ay cap reo ang 50'1 n an ~o 51Ph I 6 H k' 1 t d' . t h' . th .l,J!,IC Glngm!,lC lem ra ay cap reo ang 50'1 ep 52

5

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT,

PhI,!h,lc7 Hanq rnuc ki~m tra khuyen treo va cac m~t nOikhac 53

PhI,!luc 8 Hanq ml,!Cki~m tra mani ,..,..,." 54

Phl,Jluc 9,1 Hanq ml,JCki~m tra moe treo " " " "."."" 55

PhI,!luc 9.2 Quy trinh thLrmoe treo kep " " " " " .." 57

Phu luc 9.3 cac ki~u moe treo - cac kich thuO'cchinh phai do ki~m tra 58

Phu luc 10H~ng ml,JCki~m tra m~t xoay " " ..59

Phu ll,Jc11H~ng rnuc ki~m tra tang do va vit keo 60

Phu ll,Jc12H~ng muc ki~m tra cac kep hang t~m va dam 62

Phu luc 13H~ng muc ki~m tra dam nang hang, khung nang Mng " 63

Phu luc 14.1 Hanq rnuc ki~m tra moe treo co mat xoay, khuyen treo va true ".64

Phu luc 14.2 Huang d~n ki~m tra moe treo co mat xoay, khuyen treo va true 65

Phu luc 14.3 PhuO'ng phap b~t coc cap chucin 66

Phu tuc 14.4 cac moe co m~t xoay hoac khuyen treo boac true treo 67

Phu luc 15.1 Hanq muc ki~m tra Cl,Jmpuly dan treo moc co 6 da xoay 68

Phl,JIl,Ic15.2 Huang dlm ki~m tra Cl,Jmpuly dan treo moe co (; dO'xoay 69

Phl,lll,lc 15.3 Cl,Impuly dan treo moc co 6 dO'xoay " : 70

Phl,JIl,lc16.1 Hl;lngml,lCki~m tra Cl,lmpuly treo moc 71

Phl,lll,Jc16.2 Huang d~n ki~m tra Cl,lmpuly treo moc " 73

6

•

..

QUY CHuAN KY THU~T QUOC GIA QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

• QUY CHuAN KY THU~T QUOC GIA

v~ CH~ T~O vA KIEM TRA PHU'O'NGTIf~N,THIET B! XEP 06'

National Technical Regulation on

Construction and Survey of Lifting Appliances

1. QUY D!NH CHUNG

•

1.1. Pharn vi di~u chinh

1.1.1. Quy chuan nay quy dlnh v~ cac yeu cau an toan ky thuat lien quand~n thi~t k~, ch~ tao, sua chtra, cai tao, nhap khau, khai thac SlYdunq, cac yeu cauve quan Iy, kiem tra, ch(mg nhan an toan ky thuat va moi tHrong doi voi cac phuonqtien, thi~t b] x~p dO'trong giao thong van taL Sao g6m :

- Can true, cau true, cong true. ban cong true, true cap cac toai:Palanq, xe toi, toi keo, ban nang, may van thang, thang cuen, thang

may, bang tai, xe nang hang cac loai, cau hanh khach hang khonq. thi~t pi nang ha,di chuyen ngU'oi hoac hang;

Cac loai bo phan mang tai (gau nqoarn, day, xa treo hang, khungnang di dong, thung chua), bua dong CQC,xe toi di$n chay tren ray;

- Cac phU'O'ngti$n, thi~t bi x~p da, nang hc;lcong tac, nang chuyenchuyen dl:mgva cac phU'O'ngti$n, thi~t bi x~p do khac.

1.1.2. Quy chuan nay khong ap dl,mgcho cac phU'O'ngti$n, thi~t bi x~p doI~pd~t tren phU'O'ngti$n thuy.

1.2. D6i tU'9'ng ap dl:lng

Quy chuan nay ap dl,mg dOi vOoicac cO'quan, to chlfc, ca nhan co lien quandeln thi~t k~, ch~ tc;lo,slYa chO'a, cai tc;lo,nh;;'lpkhau, SlYdl,mg va kiem tra, chlfngnh~n phU'O'ngti$n, thi~t bi x~p do trong giao thong v;;'lntai, tc;licac cang, san bay, caccO'sa dong mOoiva slYachO'aphU'O'ngti$n giao thong v;;'lntai dU'ong thuy, dU'ong sikdU'ong bo, hang khong, cong trinh bien tren phc;lmvi ca nU'Ooc.

1.3. Giai thich tCv ngl)

Trong Quy chuan nay, cac tlYngO'dU'&iday dU'Q'Chieu nhU'sau:

1.3.1. PhU'O'ngti~n, thi~t bi x~p di>'

7

QCVN 22: 201,O/BGTVT

Phuonq tien, thillt b] dung de nang, ha, di chuyen, xep dO' hang hoa hoacnang, ha, di chuyen ngU'ai. Sau day dU'Q'CgOila Thiet b] xep dO'.

..1.3.2. Tai tn;mg him vi~c an toan (SWL)

Kh6i 1U'Q'nghang ion nhat dU'Q'cphep xllp dO'. nang ha ke ca cac b¢ ph~ndung de nang nhu: gau nqoarn, moe, cap, xa, khung cau a rna hang duoc nang.

1.3.3. Tal trQng cho phep d6i voi cac chi ti~t thao dll'Q'c

Tai tronq cho phep duoc tinh toan dua tren tai tronq thu doi vai cac chi tietthao duoc (rieng doi vai xich va cap la tai tronq lam dtit) , tai tronq do tU'O'ngdU'O'ngvai tr! 56 cua tai trong Ian nhat xac dinh khi tinh toan thiet bi xep dO'.

1.3.4. K~t ciu chju Iltc

Cac ket cau thuoc than can, cot, dam, gia dO'be may va cac ket cau khac chjutai trong tac dl:mgvao thiet bi xep dO'.

1.3.5. Cac cO'ciu

CO'cau nang hang, cO'cau nang can, cO'cau quay va cO'cau di chuyen cllacan tn,lc bao gam ca bo ph~n dan dong.

1.3.6. Chi ti~t thao dU'Q'c

Puly, moc cau, milt xoay, tang dO',cap, xich va cac chi tiet khac lien ket thaodU'Q'cvai cac ket cau cua thiet bj xep dO'.

..

1.3.7. Thi~t bj canh bao va bao v~ an toan

Thiet bi canh bao tl,J'dong phat tin hieu (am thanh va anh sang) dungde bao hieu trGlngthai lam viec co nguy CO'phat sinh SI,J' co.

Thiet bi bao ve tl,J'dong t<;lmdung hO<;ltdong clla cac may de tranhkhoi tinh tr<;lnggiai h<;ln.

1.3.8. H~ 56 dlt trLPphanh

Ty s6 giCramomen tinh do phanh sinh ra vai momen tTnhtren tn,lc phanh dU'6'itac dl,Jngcua tai trong tinh toano

1.3.9. Phanh thU'ang rnaLO<;liphanh chi dong khi co Il,J'ctac dl,lng.

1.3.10. Phanh thU'ang dong

LO<;liphanh chi ma khi co h,l'ctac dl,mg. ..

8

------------------------------------ ------------------------------------


•

1.3.11. Phanh di~u khit}n

Loai phanh khi dong hoac ma duoc thuc hien bai ngU'&i dieu khi~n can truetac dong len coocau dieu khi~n cua phanh, kh6ng phu thuoc vao bO phan truyendong cua may.

1.3.12. Phanh tlf dQng

Loai phanh tl,f dong dong khi coocau lam viec d~n tr~ng thai giai han.

1.3.13. Dang kit}m

CI,!CDang ki~m Vi~t Nam - Vietnam Register (VR).

1.3.14. CO'sa ch~ tao

T6 chu'c, ca nhan san xuat, eh~ tao, sua chua, cai tao, I~p rap thi~t bi xep dO>va cac chi ti~t, bo phan SLrdunq d~ ch~ tao thi~t b] x~p do.

1.3.15. CO'sa thitit kti

T6 chuc, ca nhan hanh nghe kinh doanh dich vu thi~t k~ thi~t b] xep dO>.

1.3.16. CO'sa thw nghi~m (tram thw, ph6ng thi nghi~m.)

Cac coosa thLr nghi~m, tram thLr, phong thi nghi~m (sau day gQi 113 Phong thlinghi~m) cua t6 chuc, ca nhan trong nU'ac, nU'ac ngoai ho~t d¢ng trong linh Vl,fCki€!mtra, bao dU'ong, thLr nghi~m v~t li~u, thiet bi x~p dO>,cac chi ti~t, b¢ ph~n sli dvng d~ch~ t~o thi~t bi x~p dO>dU'Q'cCvc Dang ki~m Vi~t Nam danh gia, chung nh~n ho~cthCl'anh~n.

1.3.17. Chu thi~t bj

T6 chuc. ca nhan quan Iy, khai thac SLrdl,Jngthi~t bj x~p do.

2. QUY £)!NH KY THU~T

2.1. Quy dinh v€Jthitit kti va h6 sO' ky thu~t

2.1.1. Cac quy djnh ky thu~t trong thi~t k~ thi~t bi x~p dO>phai phu hQ'pvaiChU'O'ng2 cua Tieu chuan qu6c gia TCVN 4244 "Thi~t bi nang - Thi~t k~, ch~ t~o vaki~m tra ky thu~t". cac tieu chuan, quy chuan. h??ng d?n co lien quan cho t?ngchunglo~i.

2.1.2. He sO'ky thu~t chu y~u d6i vai cac thiet bi x~p dO>ch~ t~o, cai t~o coSl,fgiam sat cua Dang ki~m bao gem:

2.1.2.1. Ban thuy~t minh chung; ban tinh chQnthi~t bi di~n, thuy Il,fc ho~c khi

9

QCVN 22: 20~O/BGTVT

nen: ban tinh do ben va do eSndinh hoac Iy lich cua chung.2.1.2.2. Ban ve teSngthe co ghi cac kich thuoc va thong s6 chinh.

2.1.2.3. Ban ve so d6 nguyen Ii hoat d¢ng va cac d~c trU'ng ky thuat chinh cuah~ thong truyen dong di~n, thuy h,fchoac khi nen, thiet b] dieu khien va b6 trtcac thiet b] an toano

2.1.2.4. Ban ve cac ket cau kim 10«;1iva quy trlnh han.

2.1.2.5. Ban ve I~p cac cum cc cau, so d6 m~c cap.

2.1.2.6. Quy trinh kiem tra va thfr tal.

2.1.3. Khi sfr dl,Jngcac ket cau kim 10«;1i,cac chi tiet, cac co cau va thiet biduoc che t«;10theo tleu chuan hoa cOngnhu viec ap dl,Jngcac quy trinh cong ngh~nhiet luy~n va cac tinh toan theo tieu chuan noac cac dieu ki~n ky thu~t khac dU'Q'c£>angkiem chap thu~n, thi khong yeu ~u phai duy~t rieng.

2.1.4. Khi sfra deSicac thiet bi xep do trong trU'ang hQ'phoan cai ho~c sfrachO'a,h6 sO'ky thu~t trlnh duy~t phai phu hQ'pvO';nhO'ngthay deSid6 theo yeu c~ucLlaQuy chuan nay.

2.2. £)6ng dau va gin nhan hang hoa eua CO'SQI eh~ ~o

Cac thiet bi xep do phai dU'Q'cd6ng dau va g~n nhan hang hoa nhU'~au:

2.2.1. £>ongdtw

Suc nang cho phep (va t~m vO'i)se dU'Q'cd6ng dau co dinh a m¢t vi tri denhin thay va c6 the nhin thay ro tLYdU'O'im~t dat.

Trong trU'cmghQ'pc~n tn,Jcc6 suc nang thay deS;theo t~m vO';thi phai lap d~tm¢t bang chia d¢ phu hQ'pchi bao suc nang va tam vO'icLlacan.

( Trong trU'cYnghQ'pc~n tn,lc c6 hi hai moc cau tra len, thl suc nang cLlam6;m¢t m6c cau phai dU'Q'cchi ro ngay tren Cl,lmpuly moc cau lien quan. Ngoai ra c~nphai chi ro suc nang cho phep tren m6i m6c trong trU'cYnghQ'ptat ca cac moc cau cothe dU'Q'Csfr dl,mgd6ng thai.

2.2.2. Tam nhan hang hoa

NOidung ghi nhan thiet bj xep dO'thl,fc hi~n theo quy dinh cLla phap lu~t venhan hang hoa. Nhan phai dU'Q'cghi ro rang va ben vO'ngtren thiet bi xep do, vO'icacthong tin toi thieu sau:

Ten san pham

Ten va dja chi cLlacO'sa che t«;10;

Xuat xu hang hoa;

Nhan hi~u va s6 10«;1i(Model);

10

•

-------------------------------------------

QCVN 22: 201Q/BGTVT

•

Th6ng so ky thuat;

Narn che tao.

2.2.3. Bien canh bao

Phal co bilm canh bao a cac khu VI,I'C nguy hiem, cac loi len va dtroc g~n a vitri thich hop sao cho de nhin thlly nhU' "Kh6ng dU'Q'edLl'ng dU'oi tai nang", "NgU'O'ikh6ng c6 trach nhiern kh6ng duoc len thiet b] xep do", "Nguy hiem - Thiet bi xep do".

•

2.3. Cae quy dinh an toim v~ k~t eiu

2.3.1. Khoanq trong

2.3.1.1. Tlit ca cac bO ph~n chuyen dong ella thiet b] xep do, nqoai tnr thiet bivan hanh va nqoarn, x(JChang a vi tri bat lQ'inhat va a trong nhCrng dieu ki~n chiu taib~t Iooinh~t cua chung phai each cac v<\'!tco dinh toi thieu la 0,05 m, each Ian ean baov~ hoac tay vin toi thieu la 0,1 m va each cac loi di toi thieu la 0,5 m.

2.3.1.2. Khoang each t6; thieu theo phU'ang th~ng dLl'ng tLr thiet bi xep do den

16i di lam vi~e chung phia dU'oi (den san eOng nhU' den eae thiet bi eo dinh ho~eehuyen dong ella nha xU'ang, ngoc;JitrLr eae san lam vi~e ho~e bao dU'ong ho~etU'ang tl,l') phai kh6ng nho han 1,8 m, den cae bo ph<\'!nella eae thiet bi eo dinh ho~cehuyen dong c6 eae loi di dU'Q'c hc;Jnehe (nhU' vom 10, cac bo ph~'mmay, cae thiet bixep dO' di chuyim a dU'oi. ..) eOng nhU' Ian ean bao v~ phai kh6ng nho han 0,5 m.

2.3.1.3. Khoang caeh t6i thieu theo phU'ang th~ng dLl'ng tLr thiet bi xep do den

eae bo ph~n eo dinh ho~e ehuyen dong phia tren (nghia la giCra ph~n ket eau cLla taiho~c Ian can va d~m nha xU'ang, cae dU'O'ng ong, cae thiet bi xep dO' ehc;JytrendU'&ng chc;JYkhae phia tren ...) pha; kh6ng nho han 0,5 m a cae san bao dU'O'ngvacac vung Ian e<\'!n.Khoang caeh nay co the dU'Q'Cgiam to; 0,1 m trong trU'O'ng hQ'p

eac b¢ ph<\'!nket eau d~e bi~t, voi dieu ki~n kh6ng gay nguy hiem eho ngU'O'iho~c e6nhCrng eanh bao thieh hoopde IOc;JitrLr cae rui ro e6 the xay ra.

2.3.2. Ket c~u kim IOc;Ji

2.3.2.1. eO day nh6 nhat eua cae ket eau kim IOc;Jichiu tal eo the t;ep c<\,!ndekiem tra, bao dU'6'ng dU'ooemQi phia va eua cae ket eau bo tri trong cae khoang kinphai kh6ng dU'Q'e nho han 4 mm. eO d~y cua cae ket eau e6 dc;Jngh¢p kh6ng e6dU'O'ngdi vao de kiem tra va bao dU'cmg phia trong phai dU'ooeI~y kh6ng nh6 han 6mm.

2.3.2.2. Bu 16ng va dinh tan trong cae moi ghep eua cae ket eau ehiu tai phaie6 dU'&ng kinh kh6ng nho han 14 mm. eO day gioi hc;Jnella cae ket cau I~p ghep voinhau kh6ng dU'c;>'eIon han 5 I~n dU'&ng kinh bu lOng ho~e dinh tan.

2.3.3. Cabin di~u khi~n

11

QCVN 22: 2010/J3GTVT

2.3.3.1. Cabin phai dU'O'cthi~t k~ sao cho ngU'CYidi~u khi~n co tarn nhln rorang tren toan bo khu VI)'C lam viec hoac sao cho ngU'CYidi~u khiemco th~ theo doid~y du moi hoat dong vai sv tro giup thich bop.

2.3.3.2. Cabin phal co kh6ng gian du rong d~ ngU'CYidi~u khi~n co th~ di~ukhilm de dang. Co th~ di~u khi~n tLl'vi tri ng6i, nhU'ngcOng co th~ di~u khi~n tLl'vi trld(mg khi can.

Mot tarn chan bao ve phai dU'O'cI~p d~t a phia tren n6c cabin d~ d~ ph6ng cov~t rO'ixu6ng cabin.

Viec b6 tri cabin va thi~t bi di~u khi~n phai dU'O'cthi~t k~ sao cho tien IO'inhck

2.3.3.3. V~t li~u k~t cau cabin phai lam b~ng v~t Ii~u kh6ng chay, cac t~mvach va t~m n6c co th~ lam bang v~t Ii~u kh6 chtw San cabin phai dU'O'cphu v~t li~ucach nhi~t va phi kim 10<;1i.

2.3.3.4. a nhQ>ngcabin c6 cac cli>as6 cach san nho hO'n1 m va cac khu VI)'C

I~p kinh tren san cabin, thi ch6 I~p kinh phai dU'O'ck~t c~u ho~c phai dU'O'cbao v~sao cho ngU'CYikh6ng th~ bi rO'iI<;>tra ngoai. C6 th~ lau chui, v~ sinh cac cli>as6 cabinma kh6ng bi nguy hi~m. Cac cli>as6 I~p kinh tren san cabin co nguy cO'bi va khi coSl,J' cElho~c phai chiu blic X<;1nhi~t khi thi~t bi x~p da hO<;1tdong phai la lo~i kinh antoan thich hO'p.Cac cLfa ra vao cabin phai dU'O'cbao v~ dt§ch6ng bj ma ngau nhien.

2.3.3.5. Cabin phai dU'O'ctrang bi den ch6ng cho; m~t va trong trU'cynghO'pdn thi~t phai dU'O'cth6ng gi6.

2.3.3.6. Cabin bi blic xf,l nhi~t phai dU'O'cbao v~ ch6ng l<;1iblic X<;1nhi~t va thi~tk~ can nhi~t, va cabin phai dU'O'cdi~u h6a kh6ng khi d~ bao dam di~u ki~n lam vi~cc6 tht§ch~p nh~n dU'O'c.

2.3.3.7. Cabin hO<;1tdong trong moi trU'cyngdoc h~i cho slic khoe cLia ngU'CYidi~u khien ch~ng h[;ln nhU' bl,Ji,hO'iho~c khi co h<;1iphai dU'c'ycbao v~ ch6ng I~i 51)'xam nh~p cLla chung va phai dU'C,Yctrang bi h~ th6ng cung c~p khong khi 5[;lchchocabin.

•

2.3.3.8. Cabin phai dam bao cac thong s6 an toan v~ sinh lao dong cho ngU'CYidi~u khit§nnhU':dOrung (t~n s6, bien do), do 6n phai nam trong giai h<;1ncho phep.

Cac cabin b6 tri tren cao phai co thi~t bi thong tin lien l<;1cva; m~Ud~t dt§nh~nhaythong bao cho ngU'CYidi~LIkhien cac thong tin tu ngU'CYichi huy vi~c nang hang tu dU'aim~t dat.

2.3.4. Cac yeu c~u b6 sung d6i va; cabin di~u khien kieu treo - nang

2.3.4.1. S6 ngU'CYidU'C,Ycphep c6 m~t trong cabin va tai tr<;>ngIan nh~t cLiacabin phai khong d6i va phai dlJ'C,Ycchi bao ro rang. Ngoai ra, hU'ang dan v~n hanh

12

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

va bao dU'cmgdoi voi cabin dieu khi~n ki~u treo - nang phai dU'Q'cdim trong cabin.

2.3.4.2. Cabin phai duoc dinh vi chac chan d~ khong bi xoay hoac bi lac nguyhi~m.

2.3.4.3. Cabin phai duoc bo tri mot thi~t b] chong roi, hose co th€l co hai cocau treo cabin vai dieu ki$n cabin van con giCfduoc n~u mot trong 2 co cau treo b]dlH, ho~c co cau dan d¢ng hoac co cau phanh b] hong. Mei m¢t co cau treo riengbi~t phai dU'Q'cthiet ke voi h~ so an toan khong nho han 5 I~n tai trong lam viec Iannhat.

Neu co mot thiet b] chong roi va chi co mot co cau treo, thl h$ s6 an toan toithi€lukhi tinh toan thiet ke phai lay b~ng 8 I~n tai trong lam viec Ian nhat.

Cap dan d¢ng phai dU'Q'Cthlet ke vai sue ben toi thi€lu theo nhom cO'cau M8.f)U'eYngkinh clla cap khong dU'Q'cnho han 6 mm. Cap dan dong lam vi$c ngoai treYiphai la IOc;licap thep mc;lkem.

2.3.4.4. Khi toc do hc;ldc;lttai 1,4 I~n toc do dinh muc thi cabin se tt,J'd¢ng tC;lmdLl'ngIc;li.

Cabin phai co chuy€ln d¢ng doc I~p vai tai.

2.3.4.5. Tat ca cac dieu khi~n se tt,J'dong dLl'ngngay sau khi ngU'eYis'fieukhi~nra khoi cabin."

2.3.4.6. Cac cong tac giai hc;lnthong thU'eYngva khan cap phai dU'Q'Clap d~ttc;livi tri cao nhat va thap nhat clla cabin, vai h$ thong dong ngat va hOC;ltdong riengbi$t. Cac cong tac giai hC;lnkhan cap se trt,J'ctiep cat mc;lchdi$n chinh va phat tinhi$u canh bao.

Trong tfU'eYnghQ'pcabin va d~p vao v~t can ho~c cac cO'cau treo bi long, cacchuy€lndong clla thiet bi xep dO'se tt,J'dong dLl'ng.Cac thiet bi de dU'athiet bi xep dO'tr60Ic;lihOc;ltdong kh6ng phai la ki€lutt,J'kh60id¢ng Ic;li.

2.3.4.7. Neu toc dO di chuy~n clla cabin Ian han 40 m/phut, thi phai lap d~tthiet bi lam giam toc ngay tuc thl d~ cac d$m giam chan kh6ng bi va chc;lmtC;litoc dOIan han 40 m/phut. Neu toc dO va chc;lmIan han 20 m/phut, thi phai lap d~t d$mgiam chan kieu hap thl,l nang 1U'Q'ng.

2.3.4.8. Cabin phai dU'Q'Clap d~t h~ thong bao tin hi~u bao dong doc I~p vaidi$n cap ngu6n clla thiet bi xep dO'.Cabin cOngphai dU'Q'ctrang bi thiet bi de ngU'eYidieu khien thoat xuong dat, thi dl,l nhU'thang day ho~c thiet bi thoat hi€lm, va phailuon san co trong bu6ng dieu khien.

2.3.4.9. NgU'eYiSLr dl,lng phai dam bao r~ng vai do cao xep ch6ng hang hoacao nhat, thi van co mot khoang cach an toan b~ng 0,5 m cach day cabin & vi tri lam

13


vi~c cao nh~t.

2.3.4.10. Chi co th~ di€!u khi~n tLl' xa thi~t b] x~p do tLl' dLYaimat d~t vai cabin

dang 6>vi tri lam viec cao nh~t cua no.

2.3.5. Lan can, hanh lang va san

2.3.5.1. L6i vao cabin di€!ukhi~n phai de dang va an toan voi b~t ky vi trl naocua thi~t b] nang trong di€!ukien lam vi~c binh thLYong.N~u san cua cabin di~u khi~neach m~t d~t nh6 han 5 m va loi vao cabin c6 th~ b] han ch~ doi voi cac vi tri nh~tdjnh cua thi~t bi nang, thi cabin phai dLYQ'ctrang bi cac phuonq ti~n thoat hi~m thichhO'P(nhu thang day).

Loi VaGcabin thLYongdLYQ'cSlr dl,mg la tLl'san cOng muc voi san cabin di€!ukhi~n va san phai co Ian can bao v~. L6i vao qua san hoac qua nee cabin chi dLYO'cSlr dl,mgkhi kh6ng gian thuc t~ b] han ch~.

Khi loi vao cabin true ti~p qua cau thang, san ho~c hanh lang, thi khe h6>namngang tai loi vaGcabin kh6ng dLYO'cVLYqtqua 0,15 m va mli'c chenh I~ch gifra d¢ caosan va san cabin kh6ng dLYO'cvuO'tqua 0,25 m.

2.3.5.2. Khi kh6ng th~ len cabin trl,l'cti~p hi duai m~t d~t t;;li m¢t vi tri b~t kyClla thi~t bi x~p do, va san cabin cach m~t d~t Ian han 5 m, thi thi~t bi nang phaidLYQ'cbo tri c~c 16idi thich hQ'p.Doi vai m¢t so thi~t bi xep dO'nh~t dinh ch~ng h;;lnnhu cau tn,Jc,loi vaG cabin co th~ bi h<;lnche doi vai m¢t so vi tri nh~t dinh, do d6phai trang bi cac thi~t bi thich hO'Pd~ nguoi di€!u khi~n c6 th~ roi cabin dLYO'cdedang.

2.3.5.3. Cae hanh lang, cau thang va san phai c6 loi VaGan toan vai b~t ky vitri nao cua thiet bi x~p dO'.Cac cau thang va thang thuong xuyen Slr dl,mgphai dLYQ'Cdan tai cac san ho~c cac hanh lang. Doi vai cac loi VaGnhLYth~ thi cau thang duQ'CSlr dl,mgnhieu han thang.

2.3.5.4. Tfit ca cac vi tr! hO;;ltd¢ng va tat ca cac trang thiet bi yeu cau phaiki~m tra ho~c bao duO'ng thLYongxuyen can phai trang bi loi vao an toan, hoc'1ictiepc~n dLYQ'ctai nhfrng vi tri d6 bang cac san lam vi~c di d¢ng.

2.3.5.5. D6i vai cac vi tri da de c~p 6>tren rna cao han san 2 m va thanh cancLiacan tn,Jc,phai duO'c ti~p c~n qua cau thang, san. Cau thang phai lap dc'1itIan canbao v~ & ca hai ben.

2.3.5.6. Khi thl,l'c hi~n cong vi~c lap dl,l'ng, thao, thlr, slra ehfra va bao duO'ngthiet bi xep dO't;;li nhfrng nO'ieach san cao han 2 m, thi phai c6 cac thi~t bi thich hQ'pd~t tren thj~t bi x~p dO'va tren thanh can d~ dam bao an toan cho ngLYoi(ch~ng h<;lnnhu Ian can bao v~, tay vin, thiet bi an toan...) va cho phep ngLYoic6 the tiep c~n tai

14

•

•

QCVN 22: 2q10/BGTVT

cac noi a6. Cac puly va cac bo phan chuyen dong tai d~u can phai aLYQ'cthi€ltk€lsaocho kh6ng can thi€lt phai b6i tron trong khoang thai gian tLl'khi I~p dl,mg tai khi thaothi€lt bi x€lpdo, n€lukh6ng thea man dit§unay thi thanh can phai aLYQ'ctrang b] 16ilenti€lpcan.

2.3.5.7. Loi ti€lp can b6 trt tren thanh can de cap & tren c6 the be qua khithanh can c6 the ha xu6ng dLYqcde kiem tra toan dien bcttngm~t hoac cac bo ph~nk€ltcau khac cho phep kiem tra bcttngm~t

2.3.5.8. Cac diu thang, 16idi va san phai c6 khoang tr6ng phla tren kh6ng nhohan 1,8 m. Cac loi ai c6 ao rong kh6ng nho han 0,5 m phai duoc I~p d~t g~n cac bophan bi dan dong c6 chuyen dong tLYO'ngaoi d6i vai cac loi di va san; kich thLYaccua16iai nay c6 the dLYqcgiam xu6ng tai 0,4 m vai ait§ukien phai c6 Ian can vai dOcao0,6 m. Be rong cua loi di giCracac bo phc)nco dinh phai kh6ng nhe han 0,4 m.

Khoimg trong phia tren cac 16iai It aLYc;>'cSLYdl,mg dLYqcbo tri ben trong k~tcau cua thi~t bi x~p do c6 the dLYqcgiam xuong toi thieu bcttng1,3 m, dong thai chieurong phai dLYqctang len bcttng0,7 m, thay dbi tuy~n tinh vai Sl)' giam chieu cao.Khoang tr6ng phla tren cac san chi dung de bao dLYongthi~t bi c6 the aLYc;>'cgiamxuong tai 1,3 m.

2.3.5.9. Cac loi di ti€lpc~n cac bo ph~n cua thi~t bi x~p do phai I~p~~t Ian canlien tl,JCtc;liphia c6 nguy cO'bi rO'itLl'do cao han 1 m. Chieu cao cua tam ch~n chankhang nho han 0,1 m. DLYc;>'cphep c6 cac cLYara vao & Ian can n~u c6 b6 tr! thi~t bibao ve thich hqp de ngan ngLl'angLYaibi rO'inga. Theo quy dlnh chieu cao Ian cankh6ng dLYqcthap han 1 m va phai c6 tam ch~n chan va chan song trung gian. Chieucao cua Ian can c6 the dLYqcgiam tai 0,8 m cho cac loi di c6 khoang trong ph!a trenla 1,3 m. Doc theo cac loi di phai trang bi toi thieu mot tay vin.

Doi vai cac loi di doc theo tLYangnha xLY&ngho~c k~t cau vach d;)c, thi dLYQ'cphep dung tay vin thay cho Ian can. Khoang cach giCracac tay vln kh6ng aLYqc Ianhan 1m.

2.3.5.10. Be m~t cua cac san phai la kieu chong tflYqt phu hqp. Cac 10 khoet,khe h& tren san phai dLYqcgiai hc;lnve kich thLYacsao cho mot qua b6ng dLYangkinh 0,02 m kh6ng the lot qua.

2.3.5.11. Khi cac 16idi dLYQ'cd~t (y g~n cac aLYangday dien, thi cac aLYangaien nay phai dLYQ'cbao ve ae tranh ti~p xuc do va y.

2.3.6. C~u thang va thang

2.3.6.1. C~u thang va thang phai dLYQ'cI~p a;)t tc;licac vi tr! c6 Sl)'chenh lech aocao Ian han 0,5 m. Cac cho d~t chan c6 tay vin co the aLYqcI~p d~t tren cac be m;)tdl)'ng dLrng kh6ng cao han 2 m.

15

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT ,

Cac thang co chteu cao Ian hon 8 m phai co san nghi tai vi trl trung gian. 86ivai cac diu thang cao hon, thl du nhu d6i vai cac can true thap dung trong xay dl,mgthl co th~ b6 tri them cac san nghi trung gian rna khoanq each theo chieu th~ng dunggiCracac san nghi khong dU'Q'cIan hon 8m. Neu bi han che ve khong gian thl co th~I~pd~t cac thang lien tuc don (y cac san nghi doc theo thang.

2.3.6.2. Cau thang

8Q nghieng cua cac cau thang khong duoc VU'Q'tqua 650, chieu cao cua tlmgbac thang khong dU'Q'cvuot qua 0,25 m (0,2 m doi va; cac can true thap) va cnteurQngcua bac thang khong dU'Q'cnho hon 0,15 m.

Neu co th~, ty I~ sau duoc ap dl,lng:

2 x chieu cao cua bac thang + 1 chieu rQngcua b~c = 0,63 m

Khoang each giCra cac bac thang la deu nhau. Trong trU'tYnghQ'pcac cauthang chinh, thi khoang cach giCracac chan song dung cLla Ian can khong dU'Q'cnhohO'n0,6 m, vai cck cau thang khac thl khoang cach giCracac chan song dung cLlaIan can chi yeu cau b~ng 0,5 m la duo

Be m~t b~c cau thang phai la be m~t ch6ng trU'Q't.

Cac cau thang phai lap d~t Ian can (y ca 2 ben; khi mQtben cLlacau thang c~vach thl ben nay chi can lap d~t tay vin.

2.3.6.3. Thang

Chieu dai cLla thanh ngang giCrahai thanh thang khong dU'Q'cnho hO'n0,3m; khoang cach giCracac thanh ngang phai deu nhau va khong dU'Q'cIan hO'n0,3m. Cac thanh ngang phai cach cac bQph~n ket cau c6 dinh t6i thi~u la 0,15 m.Thanh ngang phai chiu dU'Q'cmQt IItc b~ng 1200 N tac dl,mg tc;!igiCrathanh makhong co bi~n d~ng vinh CLru.

Cac 16ma thang chui qua phai khong nho hO'n0,63 m x 0,63 m ho~c nho hO'n16 co dU'tYngkinh 0,8 m.

Cac thang cao hO'n5 m thl phai lap d~t v6ng bao an toan t(l' dQcao 2,5 m.

Khoang cach giCracac v6ng bao an toan phai khong Ian hO'n0,9 m. Cac v6ngbao an toan phai dU'Q'Clien k~t vai nhau t6i thieu b~ng ba thanh dQccach deu nhau.

Trong moi trU'tYnghQ'p,mQt thanh doc lien ket cac v6ng bao an toan phai d~tt~i diem chinh giCrad6i di~n vai dU'tYngtam th~ng dung cua thang.

8Q ben cua cac v6ng bao an toan dU'Q'cgia cU'tYngb~ng cac thanh doc canphai du d~ chiu dU'Q'cmQt h,J'cb~ng 1000 N phan b6 tren do~n 0,1 m tc;!ibat ky di~mnao cua v6ng bao an toan ma khong bj bi~n dc;!ng.

16

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Vai thang phai ducc keo dai t6i thieu 1 m ra phia tren thanh ngang tren cunq,trli khi co b6 tri mot vai tay narn thich hop khac. N~u kh6ng gian b] h~n che, thi vaithang keo dai 0,8 m dU'Q'Cchap nhan.

Cac v6ng bao an toan kh6ng can thiet phai b6 tri tren nhCrngthang (1 bentrong ket cau rna chung co the tac dl,mgnhu bao v~ an toan va & do co khoang eachtli 0,7 m den 0,8 m giCrathang va mat d6i dien. Cac bo ph~n ket cau co the dU'Q'cxem nhu tU'O'ngdU'O'ngvoi cac vong bao an toan vai dieu ki~n cac bo phan ket caudU'Q'cb6 tri sao cho khoang each vu6ng goc giCracac thanh (1 khu VI,fC nguy hiemlu6n nho hon 0,75 m va vong tron noi tiep giCrathang va cac thanh dung nho hO'n0,75 m.

Phai b6 tri cac san nghi cho cac thang t~i do~n thlr nhat kh6ng cao hO'n10m,Can cac do~n tiep sau cach nhau 8 m.

2.4. Thiit bj cO' khi

2.4.1. Dan dong cap va xich

2.4.1.1. Theo quy dinh, tang chi quan mot lap cap. Neu tang quan nhieu hO'nmot lap cap thi phai J~pd~t mot thiet bi rai cap; khong can thiet phai co thiet bi raicap trong trU'ang hQ'pcap quan 2 lap va cap tl,f dan hU'ang trong khi qufm.

Neu c6 kha nang cap bi chung long tren tang trong khi ho~t dong ho~c quankh6ng chinh xac thi phai I~p d~t mot thiet bi phu hQ'pde phong nglia sl,f c6 nay.

Tang quan cap phai co thanh (1hai ben, trli khi co h~ th6ng ch6ng XQ cap.

Thanh tang phai cao hO'nlap cap tren cung mot khoang kh6ng nho hO'n1,5Ian dU'ang kinh cap khi cap dU'Q'cquan day tren tang (bang 2 Ian d6i vai cac can tn,lcdung trong xay dl,fng).

2.4.1.2. T~i vi tri moc h~ thap nhat cho phep, thi van can t6i thieu 2 vong captren tang trU'ac khoa dau cap tren tang. Neu dau cap dU'Q'ck~p giCrtren tang bangcac k~p bul6ng thi phai co t6i thieu 2 k~p rieng bi~t dU'Q'cI~p d~t thiet bi khoa chacch~n.

2.4.1.3. Cap phai dU'Q'cbao ve de tranh kh6i bi tac dong trl,fc tiep cua ngu6nnhi~t blrc x~. hO'iva v~t li~u nang chay va cac chat nguy h~i khac. Phai Slr dl,mgcaclo~i cap d~c biet khi ho~t dong trong nhCrngdieu ki~n chiu tac dong kh~c nghi~t cuanhi~t, cac v~t Ii~u gay gi man...

2.4.1.4. Cac cO' cau dan dong xich phai dU'Q'cI~p d~t mot thiet bi dam baoxich ch~y em tren dia xich va ngan ngifaxich nhay ra kh6i dia xich. Phai lap di;it b¢ph~n bao v~ xich phu hQ'p.

17

QCVN 22: 2010/,:3GTVT

2.4.2. Cum m6c cau, puly va cac thiet b; chiu tai knac

2.4.2.1. Phai I~p d~t mot thiet b] phu hop de nqan nglYacap hoac xich tuot rakhoi puly.

2.4.2.2. Phai I~p d~t mot thiet b] oao v$ thich hop sao cho tranh dU'oockhanang b] ket tay gifra cap va puly cua cum m6c cau.

2.4.2.3. Cac puly dan cap phai dU'oocthiet ke sao cho c6 the tiep can duoc debao dU'cmg.

2.4.2.4. Phat I~p d~t m6c an toan hoac m6c dU'oocthiet ke d.~cbiet & nhCrngnoi rna phU'O'ngphap hoat dong c6 nguy co sv c6 tuot m6c hang hoac moe hang bivU'&ng.

2.4.2.5. Thiet b] mang tai c6 the thay d6i Ian nhau giCracac thiet bi xep do,chang han nhu' gau nqoam, nam cham di~n, thung chua, kim nqoarn va dam nangphai diroc d6ng d§u c6 dinh tai trong lam vi~c an toan va trQng lU'oongban than cuachung, trong trU'ang hOOpgau ngo~m va thung ch(fa de v~n chuyen hang rai thi phaid6ng d§u them dung tich va ten cLlaCO'sa che t~o.

2.4.3. Phanh

Cac quy dinh cua ml,lCnay sa khong ap dl,lng cho cac cO'c§u ho~t dO'1gbangxy lanh, nhU'kich thuy Il,fc.

2.4.3.1. Cac dan dong phai dU'oocI~p d~t phanh kieu cO'.Trong trU'ang hOOpngo~i I~, neu dan dong thong qua cO'c§u tl,f kh6a ham thi kh6ng can I~p d~t phanhvai di~u ki$n cO'c!w tl,f khoa ham dU'oocbao dam kh6ng c6 (fng su§t vU'qt qua m(fcho~c kh6ng co Sl,fdich chuyen nao c6 the xay ra.

CO'cau phanh phai la kieu d~ cho vi$c kiem tra. La xo phanh phai la kieu nEm.Phanh phai la kieu c6 the hi~u chinh dU'oocva ma phanh c6 the thay the dU'ooc.

2.4.3.2. CO'c§u nang can phai dU'oocI~p d~t phanh ho~t dong tl,f dong va cothe giCrdU'oocan toan tai thli trong trU'ang hOOpng~t nguon di~n ho~c cO'c§u dandong nang bi hong.

H$ th6ng phanh phai dU'oocthiet ke de giCrdU'Q'ctai bang 1,6 Ian tai nang vaco kha nang giCrdU'ooctai thfr dong ma kh6ng mat hi~u qua phanh va khong bj quanhi$t cho phep.

Phanh cua cO'c§u nang phai dU'oocI~p d~t sao cho c6 m6i lien ket cO'khi chacch~n giCracac bo ph~n cua tai sao cho mot m~t phat sinh m6men phanh, m~t khacgiCrc6 dinh tai trong.

CO'c§u kieu cO'va kieu di~n phai c6 the giCrdU'ooct6c do h~ tai trong ph~m vi

18


giai han t6c dO cho phep.

Coo cftu nang cac v~t li~u nonq chay phai duoc trang b] hai phanh kieu coheat dong doc I~p vai nhau, ma; phanh phai dap lmg cac yeu cau da dinh: phanhth(r hai phai tao dl:mg tr~ thai gian so vai phanh thfr nhftt.

Trong nhCmg trU'ang hoopkhan eftp khi c6 su' hU' hong cua thi~t b] dan dongthi phanh thfr hai se tac dong len tang quan cap; phanh nay phai duoc di~u khiensao eho tac dong tl)' dong, khang cham hon t6c dO tuc thai bct.ng 1,5 Ian toe dO hadinh rrurc. Trong truonq hop nhu v~y co cau di~u khien ella thiet b] nang se dungkhan cap va tl,J'kich heat phanh.

2.4.3.3. Thiet b] dan dong di chuyen thiet b] xep dO' va xe tai heat dong di~nphai trang b] phanh tl,J'dong, hoac phanh c6 the hoat dong tLYvi tri di~u khien. NgoQitrLYcae thiet bi x?p d? nay khang chiu tac dong cLla gi6, hO<;itdong tren dU'ang raynam ngang vai t6c dO khang vU'qt qua 40 m/phut, ho~c tren cac banh xe c6 0 dO'ch6ng ma sat vai t6c do khang vU'qt qua 20 m/phut. D6i vai nhCi'ng thiet bi xep dO'

dung de v~n chuyen cac v~t li~u n6ng chay, phanh dU'qc yeu cau khang phI,! thuocvao t6c do.

Phanh phai dU'qc thiet ke sao cho thiet bi xep dO' ho~c xe tai c6 the dungtrong mot thai gian thich hqp va giCi'c6 dinh trong mQi tr<;ingthai hO<;itdong, ,dU'ai tacdl,!ng cLla tai trQng gi6 cOng nhU' trong trU'ang hQ'p mat dien.

Coo eau di ehuyen ella thiet bi xep dO' va xe tai (xe con) trong di~u ki~n hoQt

dong c6 gi6 dU'qc trang bi phanh kieu khang tl,J'dong phai dU'qc trang bi them thiet bikep ray.

Phanh tl,J'dong ho~c thiet bi ch6ng bao ella cO' eau di ehuyen phai dU'oocthietke vai h~ so an toan khang nho hO'n 1,1 Iftn ll,J'ctac dl,!ng Ian nhat trong d;~u ki~nthiet bi nang khang hO<;itdong.

2.4.3.4. Phanh cLla Co' eau quay hoQt dong di~n ella thiet bi xep dO' phai dU'O'cthiet ke sao cho co the dlmg trong mot thai gian thieh hqp va giCi' cac bo ph~n quayc6 dinh trong mQi trQng thai hO<;itdong, dU'ai tac dl,!ng clla tai trQng gi6 cOng nhU'trong trU'ang hqp mat di~n.

2.4.3.5. Phanh cLla Co' cau thay doi tftm va; clla can phai dU'Q'c thiet ke saocho trong trU'ang hoop mat dien ho~e hU' hong ella Co' cau dan dong thi phanh phaitac dong tl,J'dong va giCi'an toan dU'qc can cung vai tai trQng thu & vi tri bat 100inhat.

Co' eau phanh phai dU'O'c thiet ke vai mot mamen phanh t6i thieu tlJ'O'ngdlJ'O'ng vai 1,6 Ian mamen do tai trQng dlJ'G; m6c va trQng llJ'oongban than cLla heth6ng cftn cong vai 1,0 Iftn mamen do tai trc;>nggi6 trong trQng thai hoQt dong bat lQ'inhat (tai trc;mggi6 Ian nhat trong di~u kien hoQt dong).

19


Trong di~u ki~n thi~t bi x~p dO'khong hoat dong thi momen phanh thiet k~ t6ithi~u phai b~ng 1,1 Ian rnornen do trQng1U'Q'ngban than cua h~ th6ng can va do gi6(gi6 bao Ian nhat trong di~u ki~n thi~t bi x~p dO'khong heat dong) (y vi trf bat 19';nhatcua can hoac (y vj tri can khong hoat dong.

2.5. Thi~t b] thuy Il!c

2.5.1. Cac 6ng thep Ii~n duoc SLYdl:mg lam 6ng ap Il,J'cvai dU'cmgkinhnqoal tai 30 mm; phai khong c6 m6i him tren cac dU'cyng6ng ap Il,J'cnay nqoai tnrm6i han tt;ii bich n6i 6ng b~ng m6i n6i bulong.

2.5.2. Khi cac C(J cau nang tai va nang/ht;i can dU'Q'Cdan dong b~ng xy lanhthuy Il,J'c,thi cac thiet b] tl,J'dong (cac van giO>tai) phai dU'Q'CI§p d~t ngay sat gan vaicac m6i n6i 6ng ap Il,J'ccua xy lanh de tranh tai bi troi xu6ng, d~c bi~t trong trU'cynghQ'phU'hong 6ng. Khi xay ra SI,J' c6 tai bj troi xu6ng do cac bo ph~n bi r6 ri dau, thicac thiet bi C(J khi phai dU'Q'CI§p d~t de ph6ng nglJ'aSI,J' c6 nay.

Vai cac dan dong thuy h,l'cki~u khc3c,cac chuy~n dong tren phai dU'Q'cdungIt;iib~ng cac phanh tl,J'dong, dU'Q'chot;itdong b~ng cac di~u khi~n tl,J'kh&i dong It;ii.

2.5.3. SI,J'VU'Q'tqua ap suat lam vi~c Ian nhat do tai trong ngoai tac d¢ngvaG cac mt;ich thuy Il,J'cbj cach Iy khi ngLl'ngdi~u khi~n se dU'Q'cph6ng ngua b~ngcac van an toan. Cac quy dinh ho~c cac bi~n phap v~ ket cau thich hQ'p'phai dU'Q'Cap dl,mg de ph6ng ng(J>aap suat lam vi~c bj vU'Q'tqua 1,6 lan, k~ ca trU'cynghQ'pc6xung ap Il,J'c.

2.5.4. TrU'ac khi ho~t dong, h~ th6ng thuy Il,J'cphai dU'Q'clam st;ichkhong c6cac c~n ban. H~ th6ng phai dU'Q'cthiet ke sao cho cac ~n ban c6 th~ don s~ch khiti~n hanh cac cong vi~c sLrachO'a.

2.5.5. M6i mot mt;ichthuy Il,J'cphai c6 it nhat mot dau n6i de I~p ap ke, de c6th~ do dU'Q'cap Il,J'cma khong can phai thao 6ng.

2.5.6. Cac h~ th6ng thuy h.,l'cphai dU'Q'cI~p d~t cac van xa khi t~i cac vi trithich hQ'p.

2.5.7. SI,J'chuyen dong vU'qt qua cac vi tri giai ht;in phai dU'Q'cph6ng nglJ'ab~ng cac thiet bi thich hQ'p.

2.5.8. Cac 6ng ap Il,J'ccling va m~m pha; dU'Q'cthi~t ke va; h~ s6 an toanb~ng 4 de tranh bi VO'do ap Il,J'c;h~ s6 an toan nay cOngdU'Q'cap dl,mgcho cac m6in6i va cho cac bich n6i. D6i vai cac thi~t bi x~p dO'c6 dinh khong bi x6c thuy II,J'Cvarung dong, h~ 56 an toan cho cac 6ng va m6i n6i lay b~ng 2,5 la duo

2.5.9. Cac chat long thuy Il,J'cdU'Q'cSLYdl:mg trong h~ th6ng thuy Il,l'ccllathiet bj x~p dO'phai phu hQ'pvai cac yeu cau v~ di~u ki~n lam vi~c, cong ngh~ va an

20

QCVN 22: 2910/BGTVT

toano Cac chat long thuy hlc phai duoc chi ro cho ngU'ai 51} dunq. Phai kiem tradU'Q'crmrc chat long cao nhat va thap nhat trong ket.

2.5.10. Cac van di~u khien cua h$ th6ng thuy h,l'cphai co k~t cau ki~u tl)'

hoan nguyen (khi thoi di~u khi~n van se t1,J'tra ve vi trl 0) de tranh trU'cynghop khaidong khong c6 y cac thi~t b] dan dong sau khi co di$n tro lai hoac khi dong cau daongu6n cua thi~t b] nang.

2.5.11. Cac quy dinh ve thlP thi~t b] thuy l1,J'cv~ an toan phai phu hop voiTCVN 5179 - 90 "May nang na - Yeu cau thl} nghi$m thiE§tbi thuy luc v~ an toan".

2.6. Thiit b] an toan

2.6.1. Thi~t b] gi&i han cac chuyen dong lam vi$c

2.6.1.1. CO'cau nang

Pharn vi cua co cau nang heat dong di$n phai dU'Q'cgi&i h<;lnt<;licac vi tr! caonhat va thap nhat cho phep cLlatai nang b~ng cong tific gi&i h<;lnng~t t1,J'dong (congtific gi&i h<;ln51,J'c6), co lien quan d~n khoang cach yeu cflu phai giam t6c. S1,J'chuyendong tra l<;IitLl' cac vi tr; gi&i h~n chi co the th1,J'Chi$n b~ng thi~t bi di~u khien. N~utrong qua trinh ho~t dong binh thU'cyngrna ch<;lmd~n vi trf gi&i h~n, thi phai trang bithem mot cong t~c gi&i h<;lnphl,l va ho~t dong doc I~p. Trong trU'ang h9'P nay, khicong tific gi&i h~n phl,l da dU'Q'cngat, co the tac dong phl,lc h6i chuyen dong tra I~ib~ng vi$c 51}dl,mg thi~t bi di~u khien, nhU'ngn~u cong t~c gi&i h<;lnSl)' c6 da dU'Q'cng~t thi khong the phl,lCh6i chuyen dong tra I~i.

CO'cau nang dU'Q'ctruyen dong tLl'dong cO'dOt trong va kh&p n6i cO'khi makhong thong qua dan dong di$n, thuy l1,J'cho~c khi nen trung gian thi co the trang bithi~t bi bao dong bang am hi$u ho~c demhi$u thay cho cac cong t~c gi&i h<;ln.

2.6.1.2. CO'cau di chuyen

Thi~t bi xE§pdo va xe tai hO<;ltdong di$n phai dU'Q'ctrang bi cac thi~t bi nhU'phanh gu6c, d$m giam chan kieu cao SU, 16xo ho~c thLlYl1,J'cho~c cac thi~t bi d~cbi$t khac co kha nang hap thl,l mot nl}a dong nang cua cac kh6i 1U'Q'ngdang chuy~ndong t~i t6c dOdi chuyen dinh muc va sao cho S1,J'giam t6c I&n nhat trong cabin di~ukhien khong dU'Q'cVU'Q'tqua 5 m/s2.

N~u thU'cyngxuyen phai gi&i h~n t6c do di chuyen trong qua trinh ho~t dongthong thU'cmgthi S1,J'giam t6c I&n nhat trong cabin di~u khien phai khong VU'Q'tqua2,5 m/s2.

Thi~t bi x~p do va xe tai dU'Q'cdieu khien tLl'xa, phai dU'Q'ctrang bi cong tacngifitgi&i h<;lnkhi t6c do di chuyen vU'Q'tqua 40 m/phut.

21

QCVN 22: 2010fBGTVT,

Khi di~u ki$n hoat d(>ng cua thi~t bi x~p dO'duoc yeu c~u doi v&i cac di~u ki$ngio nh~t dinh, thiet b] do gio va thi~t bi bao dong phai duoc trang bi tren thi~t bj x~p

do.

CO' cau di chuyen cua thi~t b] xep dO' phai dU'Q'c trang b] thiet bi g~t khi cacchU'&ng ng~i vat co the n~m tren ray.

Khi co hai hoac nhi~u thiet b] nang chay tren cunq mot dU'ang ray, thl phai

trang bi cac thiet bi d~c biet de phong nglYa dam va.

Trong pharn vi hoat d(>ng cua thiet b] x~p dO' hoac xe to'i, phai co bien phapphu hop bao v$ an toan cho ngU'ai; nhu' b~ng vi$c 51} dl:mg cac t~m bien canh bao,demch&p, bao dong am thanh ... ho~c neu c~n thiet, b~ng thiet bi dlYng tl,J'd(>ng.

2.6.1.3. CO'c~u thay doi t~m v&i va quay

Vai cO'c~u thay doi t~m vai cua c~n hO;;ltdong di$n thi chuyen dong cua c~nt~i vi tr; gjai h;;lnphai dU'Q'cgioi hi;ln bclng cac cong t~c giai hi;ln ng~t tl,J'dong (congtac giai h~n ngat 51,!' co) co lien quan den khoang cach yeu c~u phai giam toc.

SI,J'chuyen dong tra li;li tlY cac vi tr! gi&i h;;lnchi co the thl,J'Chi$n bang thiet bidi~u khien.

CO'c~u thay doi t~m vai cua ~n dU'Q'ctruy~ndong tlYdong cO'dot trong va,khapnoi cO'khi ma khong thong qua d~n dong di$n, thuy Il,J'cho~c khi nen trung gian thico the trang bi thi~t bi bao dong bang am hi$u ho~c demhieu thay cho cong tac ngatgi&i h~n hanh trinh.

TU'O'ngtl,J',cO'c~u quay c~n dU'Q'cd~n dong dien vai goc quay dU'Q'cgi&i h~nthl chuyen dong quay phai dU'Q'cgi&i hi;ln bang cong tac gjaj hi;ln ngat khlln cap tl,!'dong.

2.6.2. An toan chong qua tai va chong I~t

2.6.2.1. Thi~t bi x~p dO'va xe tai phai dU'Q'cthiet k~, ho~c phai dU'Q'ctrang bithem cac thiet bi an toan sao cho, trong trU'cynghQ'ptrefttbanh khoi dU'ang ray ho~cco 51,J'hU'hong cua banh xe ho~c tn,!cho~c 0 dO'banh xe, thl dO51,!tIon nh~t dU'Q'cgi&i h~n d~n 3 cm va SI,J'do va I~t dU'Q'Cngan nglYa.

Ngoai ra, cac h,rc b~t thU'ang chang h~n nhU' Il,J'cva chi;lm vao dem giamch~n, va ch~m va lap rap se khOnglam thiet bi nang ho~c xe tai bi lefttho~c do.

Cac thiet bi xep dO'c6 c~n va xe tai c6 d~m chia ma c6 the bj lefttdo qua tai, vanhCrngthiet bi x?p d? co SLPCnang khong phl,l thuoc vao t~m voi cua c~n phai dU'Q'ctrang bj cong tac ngat bao v$ qua tai; tuy nhien, khi SLPCnang thay doi theo t~m v&ithi cong tac nay cOng hO;;ltdong nhU'mot cong t~c giai h~n momen tai. Cac cong tacgiai h~n nen c6 tac dong dU'atra v~ ph~m vi gioi h~n cho phep cua momen tai bang

22

QCVN22: 201qlBGTVT

each dao chieu chuyen dong hoac khi xay ra qua tai do tai nang thi se dung thiet bjdi~u khi~n d~ ha tai xu6ng.

Cac thiet b] xep dO'co co cau nang va co cau thay d6i tam voi duoc truyendong ttYd¢ng co d6t trong va khop n6i co khi rna khong thong qua dan dong di~n,thuy lI,J'choac khi nen trung gian thi co th~ trang bi thiet bi bao dong b~ng am hi~unoac demhieu thay cho cong t~c ngat bao v~ qua tai.

2.6.2.2. Cac thiet bi xep do co sue nang phu thuec vao tam voi cua can phaidU'Q'ctrang b] bang bi~u do sue nang - tam voi dU'Q'cgan c6 djnh, co th~ nhin thay rarang ttYvi tri di~u khi~n dU'o; danq vach chia cac tai nang dU'oi moe tU'O'ng(fng voitam voi.

2.6.3. Thiet bi canh bao

Cac thiet bi xep dO'phai dU'Q'Ctrang bi cac thiet bj phat tin hi~u anh sang vaam thanh khi cac cO'cau hOe;!td¢ng co th~ gay nguy hi~m cho ngU'O'ixung quanh khithiet bi nang bat dau nang hang, khi thiet bi xep do dang di chuy~n ...

2.7. Quy dinh an toim trong lip d~t

2.7.1. Cong vi~c lap rap ho~c thao do thiet bj xep dO' phai dU'Q'Ctien hanhtheo quy trinh cong ngh~ lap rap va thao dO'thiet bi nang cua CO'sa che ~c;toho~ccua dO'nvi I~p d~t.

DO'nvi lap d~t phai ph6 bien cho nhCl'ngngU'O'itham gia lap d~t quy trinh congngh~ lap rap, thao dO'va cac bi~n phap an toan phai thl!c hi$n trong qua trinh tMo, lapthiet bi nang.

2.7.2. Trong qua trinh lap rap thiet bi xep dO' chc;tytren ray, phai ki~m tratinh trc;tngcua dU'O'ngray. Khi phat hi$n cac sai I$ch VU'Q'tqua trj s6 cho phep, phaingtYngngay cong vi~c lap rap d~ xU>IY.Chi sau khi xU>Iy xong moi dU'Q'cphep tieptl)c cong vi$c lap rap.

2.7.3. Trong thO'igian tien hfmh thao lap thiet bi xep dO',phai xac dinh vungnguy hiem va c6 bien bao cam ngU'O'ikhong co trach nhi~m a trong khu Vl!Cdo.

2.7.4. Cong vi$c tMo lap thiet bi xep dO'a tren cao, a ngoai trO'iphai te;!mngtYngkhi mU'ato, giong, bao ho~c co gio bycap 5 tra len.

2.7.5. NhCl'ngngU'O'itien hanh cong vi~c thao lap thiet bi nang a d¢ cao tren2 m phai co giay ch(fng nh~n cua y te xac nh~n du s(fc khoe lam vi$c tren cao. Khilam vi$c tren cao phai dec day an toano

2.7.6. Trong qua trinh thao lap thiet bi xep do, khong cho phep:

Dung may tn,lc d~ nang he;!ngU'O'i;

23

QCVN 22: 201,0/BGTVT

NgU'O'i(1phla dU'&itai dang dU'Q'cnang;D~ tai treo (1m6c khi may true ngLl'nghoat dong;Gia c6 tarn cac thanh phan k~t cau riemg bi~t khong du 56 1U'Q'ng

bulong can thiet;N&i long cap giO'k~t diu truoc khi c6 dinh hoan toan k~t cau vao vi

tri;Ti~n hanh nang tai khi cap dang ket hoac cap b~t khoi ranh rang roc;

- vut b~t ky mot v~t gi tLl'tren cao xu6ng;SLYdl,JngIan can hoac thi~t b] phonq ngLl'akhac d~' lam di~m tva cho

kich hoac treo palanq.

2.7.7. Khi d~t thi~t bi x~p dO'phai khao sat tlnh toan kha nang chju Ivc cuadja di~m d~t, dia hinh, dia v~t va heat dong xung quanh d~ b6 tri thi~t bi lam vi~c antoan.

2.7.8. NhO'ngtrU'O'nghop d~c bi~t do mat b~ng thi cong qua chat hep, rnatrong qua trlnh hOGltdong cua thi~t bi x~p dO' nhU' can, d6i trong ... va tai phai dichuy~n phia tren cac dU'Gnggiao thong, thi phai I~p phU'O'ngan lap d~t va thi congan toan va phai dU'Q'cphep cua Dang ki~m ve ky thu~t an toano

2.7.9. D~t thi~t bi x~p dO'ho~t dong trong vung bao v~ cua dU'Grigday taidi~n tren khong, phai dU'Q'ccO'quan quan Iy dU'cyngday cho phep; gi~y phep phaikem theo h6 sO'cua thi~t bj.

Khi thi~t bi x~p dO'lam vi~c (1gan dU'cmgday tai di~n phai dam bao trong suatqua trinh Jamvi~c khoang cach nho nh~t tLl'thi~t bi nang ho~c tLl'tai d~n dU'cyngdaytai di~n gan nh~t kh6ng dU'Q'Cnho hO'ngia t~ sau:

1,5 m d6i v&i dU'cyngday c6 di~n th~ d~n 1 kV;

2 m d6i v&i dU'O'ngday c6 di~n th~ d~n

4 m d6i v&i dU'O'ngday c6 di~n th~ d~n

5 m d6i v&i dU'cmgday c6 di~n th~ d~n

6 m d6i v&i dU'Gngday c6 di~n th~ d~n

9 m d6i v&i dU'cyngday c6 di~n th~ d~n

1 - 20 kV;

35 - 110 kV;

150 - 220 kV;

330 kV;

500 kV.

2.7.10. Khi d~t thiet bj xep dO' t~i mep hao, ho, ranh phai dam bao khoangcach t6i thi~u tLl'di~m tva gan nh~t cLlathi~t bi nang den mep hao h6, kh6ng dU'Q'Cnho hO'ngia tri trong bang sau:

24


I

Khoang each cho phep nhe nh~t dOi voi cac loal d~t£>9 sau (m)

hao ho (m) --Catsei A cat

IA set Set Hoang thO

_.

1 1,5 1,25 1 1 1

2 3 2,4 2 1,5 2

! 3 4 3,6 3,25 1,75 2,5 I

4 5 4,4 4 .3 3

5 6 5,3 4,75 3,5 3,5

N~u dit§u ki~n mat b~ng khong cho phep dam bao dU'Q'ckhoanq each quydinh theo bang tren, phai co bi~n phap chong sut 1&hao, ho, ranh trvoc khi d~tthi~t bi x~p dO'vao vi tri,

2.7.11. Cac thi~t bi x~p dO'tl,J'hanh khong dU'Q'cphep d~t tren m~t b~ng codOdoc ton hon dOdoc cho phep cua thi~t b] x~p dO'do, va khong diroc phep d~t trend~t vua llip len, chua dU'Q'cd~m chat.

2.8. Quy djnh vi v~t li~u ch~ tao, nhi~t luy~n va him

2.8.1. Quy djnh ve v~t Ii~u ch~ tao

2.8.1.1. V~t li~u dung de ch~ tao va sLrachua k~t cau kim 10<;liclla thi~t bi x~pdO'va cac chi ti~t cLlacac cO'cau phai dam bao ben, deo, de han va lam vi~c an toan(1 nhung dieu ki~n da quy dinh.

2.8.1.2. V~t li~u phai phu hOOpv&i ban ve thi~t k~ dU'oocduYet va phai co GiaychLi'ngnh~n vc\3tlieu cLla£)ang kiem.

2.8.1.3. Nhung cau kien clla cac k~t cau thep chiu tai co chieu day tLY10 mmtr& xuong co the dU'Q'Cch~ t<;lOtLYthep cac bon nLra I~ng, khi chieu day I&n hO'n10mm phai dU'Q'cch~ t<;lOtLYthep I~ng. Cho phep ch~ t<;lOcac k~t cau chiu tai tLYthephQ'pkim thap va hQ'pkim nhom trong cac trU'cynghQ'pCI,Jthe n~u dU'Q'c£)ang kiemch~p thu~n.

2.8.1.4. N~u dung thep cac bon de ch~ t<;lOcac chi ti~t phai han l<;Iiv&; nhauho~c han v&i cac k~t c~u kim 10<;lichiu tai thi phai la 10<;lithep co ham 1U'Q'ngcac bonkhong I&n hO'n0,22%. Cac moi han cLlachi ti~t dOc- han khong I&n hO'n0,25%. Cacmoi han clla cac chi ti~t dU'Q'cch~ t<;lObttng thep co ham 1U'Q'ngcac bon I&n co thedU'OOCthl,J'chien theo quy trinh han dU'Q'c£)ang kiem chap thuc\3n.£)oi v&i thep hQ'pkim th~p, phai co tinh han dU'Q'cdam bao.

25

QCVN 22: 2019/BGTVT

2.8.3. Quy djnh v~ han

2.8.3.1. Yeu C8U chung

a) Cac k~t cau chfu luc, cac ma va cac chi ti~t thao dLl'Q'ccua thi~t binang phai c6 tinh han dam bao va phu hop vcYicac quy dinh ve han.

b) Han phai dLl'Q'cthuc hien theo quy trlnh him, vc:[ltli~u han (que han,day han, khf han) va tho him da duoc Bang kiem c?p gi?y chung nhan.

c) Chat fLl'Q'ng cac dLl'cYnghan thi~t bj x~p dO' sau khi him xong phaiduoc kiem tra va thu bL\ng phLl'O'ngphap kiem tra phu hop.

d) Khi chua c6 Sl,l' d6ng y cua Bang kiem, kh6ng duoc phep thuc hienvi~c sua chua cac dLl'ong han da bi gay, nut, m6n. Trong bat cu trU'ong hop nao,vi~c sua chua nhu' v~y phai duoc thuc hien dU'cYiSl,l'giam sat cua Bang kiem.

e) Kieu m6i han, kich thuoc va viec gia c6ng vat mep cua dU'ong hanphai dU'Q'cneu ro tren cac ban ve k~t cau han trinh Bang kiem.

2.8.3.2. M6i han giap mep

a) Cac dU'ong han giap mep nen tinh theo chieu day cua tam mong hO'n,kh6ng chap nh~n cac m6i han ngau m¢t nLra.

b) Cac m6i han giap mep c6 the fa kieu chu x, K ho~c V.

Khi han kieu chii' V (chi han tren m¢t m~t) th6ng thU'ong dLl'Q'cphep dOi va

han m~t sau. Khi 10 quan sat ho~c 10 chui kh6ng the thl,l'C hi$n han m~t sau dU'Q'cthlcho phep han co tam lot (1m~t sau.

c) B6i vcYim6i han giap mep gili'a hai tam co d¢ day khac nhau, vi$c vatmep va trinh tl,l' han phai dU'Q'c thl,J'chi~n sao cho chi~u cao dU'ong han so vcYim~tphc\ingcua tam la nho nhat.

Tam day hO'n phai dU'Q'Cvat nhU' dU'Q'Cbieu di~n tren Hinh 2.8.3.2(a) va (b)trong cac trLl'ong hQ'p sau:

Lien k~t d6i xung (xem Hinh 2.8.3.2 (a»

Khi: t1 ( 10 mm n~u t2 > t1 + 6Khi: 10 mm < t1 < 40 mm n~u

Khi: t1 (40 mm n€w

t2 > t1 + 8t2> 1,20 t1

27

--------- ---------_------ ---_-- ~---. --~----'

•


Hinh 2.8.3.2 (a) - flQ vat cua 2 tim eo dQ day khae nhau trong m6i han giap map(Lien ket d6i xunq)

Lien ket kh6ng d6i x(J'ng(xem Hinh 2.8.3.2 (b»:Khi: t1 < 10 mm neu t2 ( t1 + 3

~neu t2 ( t1 + 4Khi: 10 rnm (t1 < 40 mm

Khi: t1 ( 40 mm ~neu t2 > 1,1 t1

M6i han kin phia sau I---'---------'

Hinh 2.8.3.2 (b) - flQ vat cua 2 tAm eo dQ day khac nhau trong m6i han giap map(Lien ket kh6ng d6i x(J'ng)

Khuyen nghi nen ap dl,lng ki~u lien ket d6i x(J'ng.

2.8.3.3. M6i han g6e

a) Cac m6i han g6e cua cac ket cau chlu lI,fc, cac rna va cac chi tiet thao

28

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

dU'ooccua thi~t b] xep dO' phai lien tuc. M6i han g6c co th~ la m6i han g6c hai matkhong ngau hoac ngau mot rura, hoac cac m6i han ngau hoan toano

b) Chi~u cao tinh toan a cua m6i han g6c duoc xac dinh nhu Hlnh2.B.3.3.1 (a) va (b) d6i v&i m6i han g6c khong vat rnep va m6i han ngau mot nua vatrnep.

Hinh 2.8.3.3.1 - Chi.lu eao tinh toan cua m6i han

c) cac m6i han g6e ngau hoan toan ki~u eh(l' K hoac V duoc yeu caud6i vai cac cau ki~n chiu lrng suat lon, d~e biet do day ella tam ban thanh phai lonhan 15 mm [xem Hinh 2.B.3.3.2(a)] hoac khi dU'cyngvao toi mot m~t ella tam kh6khan hoac khong th~ {xem Hinh 2.B.3.3.2(b) va (e)}

d) M6i han g6c ngau mot nera trong mot s6 trU'cynghop c6 th~ duo'cchap nhan thay eho m6i han g6e ngau hoan toanoTrong trU'cynghoopnhU'v~y, ehi~ueao tinh toan ella m6i han dU'Q'exae dinh nhU'Hinh 2.B.3.3.1(b) khong dU'oocnhe han0,5 Ian do day ella tam ban thanh.

e) Chi~u cao tinh toan ella m6i han g6e hai m~t phai khong nhe han 3,5mm va khong I&n han 0,7 Ian do day ella tam meng han trong m6i ghep. Khong canthiilt quy dinh ehi~u cao tinh toan ella m6i han I&n han 0,5 Ian do day ella tam banthanh, ngo(;li trti' d6i vai cae trU'cynghoopd~c bi~t ho~e khi chi~u eao tinh toan dU'ooctang them d~ ch6ng an mon ho~c khi hai dU'cynghan khong d6i xlrng.

Khi eho phep him m6i han xe ranh ho~e m6i han chOng, thong thU'cyngehi~u cao tinh toan cLlam6i han phai bang 0,7 Ian do day ella tam e6 mep han.

29

QCVN 22: 2D10/BGTVT

Moihim g6e kiiu chii' K(a)

Moi han gee kiiu ehii'V

(b)

Moihan g6e kiiu ehCtV voi tam16t

(c)

Hinh 2.8.3.3.2 - M6i han goc ng~u hoan toan

f) Xem cac quy dinh neu trong muc 2.B.3.3.e thong thU'cmgchieu caotinh toan a cua moi him g6c doi xLrnghai mat phai bc)ngv&i gia tri sau, thay doi theode)day t cua tam c6 do day mong han trong moi ghep:

- a = 0,45 t doi v&i moi han cac k~t cau chiu Lrng suat lon khi khong yeucau han ng~u hoan toan (Vi du dOi v&i cac k~t c~u chiu Il,J'ckeo rna tinh lien tuc v~do b~n cua chung phai dam bao hoac doi v&i cac k~t cau chiu h,l'Ccat lon nhu ta banthanh cua dam c6 chieu day nho hoac trong moi qhep cac rna).

- a = 0,40 t doi v&i han cac gia dO>hoac cac ban canh cua cac dam thandan (dam chfr I).

- a = 0,35 t doi v&i han cac ban thanh cua dam hop ho~c han cac gan giacU'ang.

- Dang ki~m se giam b&t cac yeu cau cua phan nay tuy thu9c vao tinhch~t ho~c mLrcd9 cua cac (J'ngsu~t trong cac k~t c~u lien quan.

g) Khi hai dU'ang han g6c khong dol x(J'ng,thong thU'ang chi~u cao tinhtoan cua dU'ang han a1 va a2 phai sao cho a1+ a2 = 2a (trong d6 a dU'Q'cneu trongml,lC2.B.3.3.f) v&i di~u kien a1 va a2 phu hqp v&i quy dinh neu trong ml,lCe.

•

30


2.8.3.4. Ki~m tra han

a) Ki~m tra cuoi cung cac dLl'anghan bao g6m:

Ki~m tra kich thuoc va ki~m tra ben nqoai;Kiem tra kh6ng pha huy tt>chuc ben trong va do ngflu cua cac m<5i

han b~ng tia X hoac ( va/ho~c b~ng phuonq phap sieu am;

Kiem tra kh6ng pha huy cac khuy~t tat b~ mat, d~c biet phat hien ra cacv~t nlPt ben nqoai bt;.ngthLi' th~m thflu chat long va/hoac bt;.ng hat tti, phuonq phapthLi' bang hat tti con c6 the phat hien ra cac v~t nlPt kh6ng nhin thfly tren b~ m~t(nhLl'ngrat gan vai b~ m~t nqoai cua m<5ihan).

b) Ki~m tra kich thvoc va kiem tra ben nqoai

(1) Chi~u cao tinh toan cua m<5ihan goc phai dLl'Q'ckiem tra b~ng thuocdo.

Dang kiem vien kiem tra chieu cao cua rnoi han so voi kich thLl'acdLl'Q'cneu tren cac ban ve dLl'Q'cduy$t. Vi$c kiem tra nay dLl'Q'Cthl,l'c hi$n theo xac sUck

(2) Kiem tra ben ngoai d<5ivai tat ca cac dLl'ang han trong k~t cflu cuathi~t bi nang ho~c b$ dO'va cac chi ti~t cua chung.

Cac dLl'ang han phili d~u va kh6ng c6 v~t 10ma cuei dLl'ang.han. Cacmei han goc phai kh6ng dLl'Q'c16iva cac m<5ihan giap mep phai kh6ng dLl'Q'crangho~c 10m ho~c cac khuy~t t~t b~ m~t khac.

c) Kiem tra kh6ng pha huy (NOT)

(1) Ph<;lmvi va phLl'O'ngphap ki~m tra kh6ng pha huy phai dLl'Q'cxac dinhth<5ngnhat giii'a CO'sa ch~ t~o va Dang kiem. Nhii'ng diem kiem tra va phLl'O'ngphapkiem tra phai dLl'Q'cxac I~p tren cac ban ve ho~c h6 sO'trinh Dang kiem duy$t.

Trong cac ban ve dLl'Q'cduy$t, Dang kiem co the yeu cau ki~m tra khongpha huy nhii'ng bOph~n d~c bi$t ngoai nhii'ng yeu diu cua CO'sa ch~ t~o thl,l'Chi$nkiem tra th6ng thLl'ang tren cac bo ph~n k~t cau khac.

(2) Cac phLl'O'ngphap va cac tieu chu~n chap nh~n d<5ivai cac phLl'O'ngphap kiem tra kh6ng pha huy (NOT) ho~c cac phLl'O'ngphap khac phai phu hQ'pvaicac tieu chu~n lien quan dLl'Q'cap dl,mg.Nhan vien thl,l'c hi$n cac phLl'O'ngphap kiemtra kh6ng pha huy phai dLl'Q'cOdang kiem kiem tra, cflp giay ch(fng nh~n.

(3) Chflt ILI'Q'ngm<5ihan cua cac du ki$n k~t cau thep chiu tal phai dLl'Q'cki~m tra khuy~t t~t bang phLl'O'ngphap kiem tra kh6ng pha huy (NOT) phu hQ'p.Khikiem tra phai ti~n hanh kh6ng nho hO'n25% chi~u dai cua m<5ihan, nhat thi~t pMikiem tra (1 cho cac dLl'ang han giao nhau. Cac m<5ihan giap mep cua cac ti~t di$n

•

31

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

ngang cua thanh can, cac bo phan chiu ta; quan tronq cua thi~t b] x~p d5' phai oU'Q'cki~m tra khuy~t t~t b~ng sleu am hoac chup anh ph6ng xa tren toan bo chieu daidU'ang han.

(4) Phai kiem tra tat ca cac di~m giao nhau giCYadU'ang han doc, dU'<Ynghan ngang va cac vung chiu anh hU'&ng nhi~t b~ng phuonq phap kh6ng pha huy phuhop. Ngoai ra Sl)' phat hien cac v~t nlit theo h~ thong phai dU'Q'cthuc hi~n b~ng ki~mtra thllm thau ch§t long va / hoac b~ng tti tinh.

(5) Cac oU'cmg han c6 m~t c~t ngang lon, o~c bi~t him tren thep due,thep ren, cac moi han chiu Lrngsuat ton, cac m6i han n6i cac rna cOngnhu cac moihan oU'Q'cthl)'c hi~n trong dieu ki~n kh6 khan (vi dl,J:cac m6i han tran) phai oU'Q'cki~m tra sau khi th6ng nh§t voi Dang ki~m.

(6) Trang mot so trU'<YnghQ'pd~c bi~t, Dang kiem c6 th~ yeu C8U ki~m trasau khi thu tai.

d) Sua chua khuy~t t~t

(1) Khi phat hi~n oU'Q'ckhuy~t t~t trong qua trinh kiem tra, Dang kiemvien thong bao cac yeu cau phai sua chua, khc3cphl,Jc.

Cac khuy~t t~t khong the ch§p nh~n phai oU'Q'clo~i bo va n~u s6 1U'Q'ngcac khuyet t€lt qua nhieu, dU'&nghan phai oU'Q'chim l<;Iitoan bo. Sau khi sua chCYahan I~i vi~c kiem tra oU'Q'ctien hanh theo quy dinh.

(2) Cac sua chua quan trQng phai dlfQ'Cthl,fc hi$n theo thoa thu~n voiDang ki~m.

Nhfrng cho sCrachua dlfQ'Cquy~t oinh b&; CO's& che t~o phai thong baocho Dang kiem biet. K~t qua clla kiem tra ban dau va kiem tra sau sua chua phaioU'Q'ctrinh len Dang kiem xem xet.

(3) Khi so 1U'Q'ngcac khuyet tat nhieu ho~c cac khuyet t~t I~p IGliOlfQ'Cphat hi~n, khoi IlfQ'ng kiem tra 58 oU'Q'Ctang lemtheo yeu cau clla Dang kiem.

3. QUY D!NH QUAN LY

3.1. Cac thi~t bi xep dO',cac bo ph~n, chi ti~t clla chung phai oU'Q'cCI,lCDang kiem Vi~t Nam kiem tra, cap giay chLrng nh~n trong san xuat, ch~ t~o, suachD'a, cai t~o, nhap kh~u va khai thac su dl,lng phu hQ'pvoi cac yeu cau cua Quychu~n, cac van ban quy ph~m phap luat, quy oinh, hU'ong d~n c6 lien quan. Thiet kephai oU'Q'cDang kiem tham dinh va chLrngnh~n.

3.2. CO's& thiet ke, CO'5& ch~ t<;lO,CO's& thu nghi$m, bao dU'5'ngthiet bixep dO'va nhan vien clla cac cO'sO'phai c6 OUnang Ilfc va dlfQ'CDang kiem danh

32

QCVN 22: 2Q10/BGTVT

gia, dip gi~y chung nhan. Thi~t bi ki~m tra, thfr nghi~m, do IU'O'ngcua cac CO's60phai duoc Dang ki~m ki~m chuan dinh kyo

3.3. Thi~t bl x~p dO'phai dU'Q'cDang ki~m phe duyet va chung nhan ki~usan ph~m (Type Approval).

3.4. ChcfltIU'Q'ngcac dU'cYnghan, v~t Ii~u ch~ tao thi~t b] xE§pdO' phai dU'Q'cki~m tra bang cac phuonq phap kh6ng pha huy (NDT) hoac pha huy do tho han,nhan vien ki~m tra da qua dao tao va duoc CI,lCDang ki~m Vi~t Nam ccflpgicflychunqnhan tho han hoac giay ch(rng nhan nhan vien ph6ng thfr nghi~m theo cac tieuchuan, quy dinh tU'O'ng(rng thuc hien.

3.5. Quy dinh ve ki~m tra trong chE§tao

3.5.1. Ki~m tra trong ch~ tao dU'Q'cyeu cau doi v6'i cac doi tU'Q'ngsau:

K~t ccfluchiu lV'ccLlathi~t bi nang;

Cac thiE§tbi va chi tiE§tthao dU'Q'ckh6ng phai thfr rieng bi~t;

Chi ti~t thao dU'Q'cc6 SWL ( SOt;

Xa nang, khung nang va cac chi tiE§ttU'O'ngtV';

- Xilanh thuy lV'c cLla CO'ccfluthay doi tam v6'i va quay cLla can tn,lcquay;

- Vanh mam quay cua can trl,lc quay;

Cac thi~t bi kh6a dU'Q'cyeu cau doi v6'i on djnh cLlathiet bj x~p dO';

Tat ca cac t&i (Ia san ph~m m§u dau tien);

Cac b¢ ph~n khac c6 ch(rc nang quan trc:;mgho~c tU'O'ngtV' nhU'cacbe>ph~n dU'Q'cIi~t ke & tren.

3.5.2. Dang ki~m vien ki~m tra cac Gi~y chung nh~n ve v~t li~u che t~o sanpham (v~t li~u thep, v~t Ii~u han) phu hoopv6'i Tieu chuan va vi~c sfr dl,mgdung vaphu hoopv6'i ho SO'thiet kE§dU'Q'cduy~t.

3.5.3. Dang ki~m vien ki~m tra viec thV'c hien t~i CO's60chE§t~o tuan theocac quy trinh ch~ t~o, quy trinh han san pham da dU'Q'cDang ki~m duy~t, ch(rngnh~n .

3.5.4. Dang ki~m vien ki~m tra cac bien ban nghi~m thu san ph~m cLlaCO's60ch~ t~o, cac bien ban ki~m tra ch~t IU'Q'ngmOihan.

3.5.5. Dang ki~m vien ki~m tra cac ket ccflu,kich thU'6'cva cac yeu diu kythu~t cLlasan pham phu hOOpvai ban va thi~t k~ dU'Q'Cduy~t.

3.S.S. Quy dinh ve ki~m tra cuoi cung va thfr t~i nO'ichE§t~o trU'ac khi xucflt

33

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

xU'ang

3.5.6.1. Kiem tra cuoi cung truoc khi xuat xU'ang

a) Truoc khi xuat xU'ang, kiem tra cuoi cunq phai duoc thuc hi~n tai CO'sa che teo doi vai cac doi tU'Q'ngsau:

Cac doi tU'Q'ngdU'Q'cli~t ke trong 3.5.1. cunq vai cac chi tiet cuachunq va thiet bj chinh (Vi du: ma dau can va chan can);

Tefttca cac chi tiet thao duoc va cac chi tiet chuyen dong khac:

Day cap thep:

Toi, dong co va hop giam toc;

Dong co va thiet bj di~n;

BO'm,dong co va thiet b] thuy luc:

Cac bo phan quan tronq khac hoac cac doi tU'Q'ngtU'O'ngtl)' nhu duocli~t ke a tren.

b) Bang kiem vien kiem tra Sl)'phu hop cua cac ket cau, kfch thuoc voicac ban ve thiet ke dU'Q'cth~m djnh.

c) Dang kiem vien kiem tra SI)'phu hQ'pclla cac chi tiet, thiet.bj vai cacd~c tinh thiet ke va Quy chu~n, Tieu chu~n lien quan.

d) Dang kiem vien kiem tra vi~c I~p d~t cac m~t xoay, cac thiet bj treo vaphai dam bao cac chot da dU'Q'ckh6a chong thao long. Neu theftycan thiet, Bangkiem vien c6 the yeu cau cai tien cac moi I~p ghep nay.

e) Khi cac doi tU'Q'ngquan trong dU'Q'cyeu cau thl} (xem 3.6.2), Dangkiem vien giam sat thl} va kiem tra l<;Iicac bo ph~n nay dam bao chung kh6ng bj hU'hong ho~c bien d<;lngvinh ctiu.

3.5.6.2. Thti trU'ac khi xuefttxU'ang

TrU'ac khi xuefttxU'ang, phai thl} cac doi tU'Q'ngsau:

a) Cac chi tiet thao dU'Q'c

Thti cac chi tiet mai che t<;lOho~c kh6ng c6 gieftych(mg nh~n thtidU'Q'cthl)'c hi~n theo Phl;l Il;IC (3 (16) theo tung h<;lngmt,.lckiem tra tU'O'ng(mg neutrong Quy chu~n nay.

Theri gian chju tai thti tinh phai kh6ng nho hO'n10 phut. Sau khi thti,tien hanh kiem tra cac chi tiet.

Vi~c thti keo d(ft cac day xich va cap kh6ng c6 gieftych(fng nh~n thtiphai dU'Q'ctien hanh phu hQ'pvai cac tieu chu~n, quy chu~n hi~n hanh ma n6 dU'Q'c

34

QCVN 22: 20~O/BGTVT

ch~ tao.

- D6i vai cac chi ti~t thao dU'Q'c,dU'Q'cthi~t k~ chiu tai n~ng (thongthU'cYngco SWL ( 50 t) va khi trong thuc t~ khang th~ thvc hien dU'Q'ccuoc thlr riengbi$t thi Dang ki~m co th~ chap nhan bo cuoc thLr nay, nhU'ng ki~m tra tang cU'cmghoac thLrkhang phil huy co th~ duoc yeu cttu.

b) Thi~t b] khoa

Thong thU'cYngtai trong thLYcua thi~t bi khoa dU'Q'cthi~t k~ d~ dam baa tinh 6ndinh cua thi~t bi x~p dO' phai phu hoopvai cac quy dinh d6i voi chi ti~t thao dU'Q'Cva Ihoac phai dU'oocthLr pha hLlYtrong di~u ki$n tai tU'O'ngtl! vai di~u kien tai lam viec.

c) Cac d6i tU'Q'ngsau phai dU'Q'cti~n hclmhthLr thea TCVN 4244 "Thi~t binang - Thi~t k~, ch~ t<;lOva ki~m tra ky thu~t" va cac Tieu chuan hi$n hanh ma nodU'oocap dl,mg:

Day cap thep (SLYdl,mglam cap ch<;1yva cap tTnh);

Xilanh va thi~t bi thuy Il!c;

D¢ng cO'va cac thi~t bi di$n;

Toi va cac thi~t bj cLlachung

3.6. Quy dinh v~ ki~m tra va thLrthi~t bi x~p dO' trong khai thac ~Lrd~lng

3.6.1. Yeu c~u chung

a) Ml,Jcdich cLla vi$c ki~m tra va thLr thi~t bi x~p dO' nhc'1mxac dinh thi~tbi x~p dO' cung vai cac chi ti~t cLlachung co phu hOOpvai Quy chuan khang va da atr<;1ngthai dam bao lam vi$c an toan chU'a.

b) Cac Chu thi~t bj, CO'sa ch~ t<;10cac thi~t bi x~p dO' phai thl!c hi$nvi$c thLYva ki~m tra theo quy dinh, phai ti~n hanh tAt ca cac cong vi$c chuan bi canthi~t cho vi$c thLr. Cac Dang ki~m vien co quy~n tlYch6i khang giam sat, ki~m tra vathLr n~u thay con thi~u sot trong vi$c chu~n bi trU'ac khi thLr cOng nhU' trong moitrU'ang hOOpphat hi$n ra cac hU'hong lam anh hU'angd~n an toan khi thLr.

c) TnJ'ac khi ki~m tra cac thi~t bi xtflp dO', ChLl thitflt bi can phai baa caocho Dang ki~m vien thl,J'chi$n cong vi$c do bi~t v~ moi hU'hong, thay d6i, sLrachCraho~c thay thtflcac chi ti~t va day da lam tlY Ittn ki~m tra trU'ac.

d) Khi thitflt bi xtflpdO' bi tai n<;1n,ChLlthiet bi phai baa cao cho Dang ki~mbiet d~ ki~m tra kip thai thiet bi do.

e) Ki~m tra va thLr thiet bi xep da, cac cO'cau va cac chi tiet cLlano saukhi che t<;10,trang bi l<;1iho~c sua chCradU'oocDang ki~m thl!c hi$n chi sau khi danh~n dU'Q'ccac h6 sO'van ban nghi$m thu cLlacO'so thl!c hi$n cac cong vi$c do.

35

QCVN 22: 201 ()/BGTVT

f) Neu khi thu, ki~m tra rna phat hien cac be>ph~n ket cau thep, cac chitiet va cac co cau cua thiet b] xep dO'kh6ng phu hop vai Quy chuan hoac (1 tranqthai kh6ng dam bao lam vlec an toan thl Dang ki~m kh6ng cap gi~y chunq nhan choden khi cac thiet bi xep dO'do dLl'Q'ckhac phuc.

3.6.2. LOc;3ihinh ki~m tra va thu thiet b] xep dO'

3.6.2.1. Cac thiet b] xep dO'phai dLl'Q'Cki~m tra va thu theo cac IOc;3ihinh sau:

1. Ki~m tra I~n d~u.

2. Ki~m tra hang narn.

3. Ki~m tra dinh kyo

4. Ki~m tra bcit thLl'ong.

Khoi ILI'Q'ngva trinh tl,f ki~m tra duoc thuc hi~n theo Sang 3.6.2.1

Bang 3.6.2.1 - Ki~m tra va thLP,thi~t b] x~p de)

Lo~i ki~m tra Thc;.igian thlfe hi~n Kh6i IlI'9'ng ki~m tra

L~n d~u Tmac khi dLl'avao sLi'dl,lng - Ki~m tra, xem xet

- ThLi'tinh bang 125% SWL vathu d¢ng bang 110% SWL.

Hang nam 12 thang m¢t I~n - Ki~m tra, xem xet.

- ThLi'tinh va thLi'd¢ng bangSWL.

Dinh ky 3 nam m¢t I~n - Ki~m tra, xem xet.

- Thu tinh bang 125%SWL vathu d¢ng bang 110% SWL.

ScitthLl'ong - Sau khi sua chCra,trang bi lc;3i - Ki~m tra, xem xetho~c thay the cac chi tiet. - Thu tinh bang 125% SWL va- Sau khi hoan cai thiet bi xep th(r d¢ng bang 110% SWL.dO',chuy~n thiet bi xep dO'denvi tri lam vi~c maio

I - Sau khi sua chCrasau tai nc;3n.

NQidung ehinh ella ki~m tra, xem xet:

+ Ki~m tra Sl,f lam vi~c cua cac cO'cciu va thiet bj di~n, thuy Il,fc ho~ckhi nen, cac thiet bj an toan, phanh, ham va thiet bj dieu khi~n, chieu sang, tinhi~u, am hi~u;

36

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

+ Kiem tra ket cau thep va cac m6; han, cabin, Ian can va che chan bao ve:

+ Kiem tra moe cau va cac chi tiet treo cum moe cau;

+ Kiem tra day cap va cac lien ket voi no;

+ Kiem tra cac puly, true, ch6t va cac chi tiet lien ket khac:

+ Kiem tra SI)' phu hop cua d6i tronq, vi~c n6i dat cua thiet b] co dfindong di~n;

+ Kiem tra SI)' phu hop cua dU'cmgray can true (theo Phu luc 1).

- NQidung ehinh ella thiP tinh:

+ Thli tTnh duoc thli bang ta; tronq thli de kiem tra do ben chung cuathiet b] xep dO>va do ben cua cac chi tiet rieng biet. £>6ivai cac can true can phaikiem tra do on dinh khi nang hang a vi tri rna can true co do ben on dinh nho nhat,tai tronq thli dU'Q'cnang a do cao 100 - 200 mm.

+ Khi thli tTnh, cong true co cong xon boac cau trl,lCdU'Q'cd~t tren cacgoi dO>dU'ang ray, con xe con d~t a vi tri co do v6ng I&n nhat (giCracac goi dO>vadau mut cong xon), tai trong thli dU'Q'cnang a do cao 200-300 mm.

+ Thai gian thli khoang 10 phut;

+ Thiet bi xep dO>thli dU'Q'cthli d~t yeu cau neu ta; trong thli khong birO'i,ket cau kim lo~i khong co vet niH ho~c bien d~ng vTnhcliu

- NQidung ehinh ella thiP dQng:

+ Thli dong cac thiet bi xep dO>dU'Q'ctien hanh ngay sau khi thli tTnhd~tyeu cau de kiem tra toan bo cac cO'cau clla thiet bi xep dO>va phanh, ham cuano;

+ Cho phep dung hang hoa khi lam vi~c de thay the tai trong thli de thlidong;

+ Khi thli dong, phai tien hanh thli t~i mai cO'cau cong tac cua thiet bixep dO>it nhat 3 Ian va phai kiem tra SI)' ho~t dong cua cac cO'cau va hi~u quaclla phanh khi mang tai.

3.6.2.2. £>oiv&i cac thiet bi xep dO>co trang bi tlY hai cO'cau nang tra len phaidU'Q'cthli a mai mot cO'cau. Tri s6 cua tai trQngthli tTnhva dong phai dU'Q'cxac dinhtheo dieu ki~n 113mvi~c cua no. £>oiv&i cac can trl,lc co mot vai d~c tinh ve nanghang, vi~c kiem tra Ian dau phai dU'Q'exac dinh phu hQ'pv&i cac d~c tinh ve nanghang a cac tam v&i I&n nhat va nhe nhat cua can. Khi kiem tra dinh kJva bat thU'ang,vi~c thli cac thiet bi xep dO>dU'Q'ctien hanh a vi tri i.fng v&i si.fc nang I&n nhat eua

37

QCVN 22: 201q/BGTVT

no.

3.6.2.3. Sau khi thay th~ cac day cap thep, trong mol trU'ong hoopphai ti~nhanh ki~m tra trCr lU'oongcap va SI,J'liem k~t tin cay cua cac dau cap cOngnhu Sl,!'d~p,dan cua cap khi chiu tai. Neu cac day cap thep co chCrngchi thoa man theo yeu causli dl,mg thi khong can thiet phai thli tai sau khi thay the. Tuy nhien can phai duocngU'oi chiu trach nhiern quan ll, sli dunq ghi nhan VaGSo ki~m tra ky thuat an toanthiet bi x~p do.

3.6.3. Ki~m tra va thli cac xe nang

3.6.3.1. Tat ca cac xe nang va co cau mang tai cua chunq (rang, khung nang,ban tnrot ...) dU'oocti~n hanh ki~m tra ky thuat dU'cYiSI,J'giam sat ky thuat cua CueDang ki~m Vi~t Nam, g6m cac IOGliki~m tra sau day: Ki~m tra Ian dau, ki~m tra dinhky (trung vai ki~m tra hang nam) va ki~m tra bat thU'ong.

3.6.3.2. Chu ky, khoi lU'qng va trinh tl,l'ki~m tra dU'oocti~n hanh nhU'sau:

a) Ki~m tra Ian dau

(1) Thl,l'c hi~n sau khi eh~ tGlOm&i, hoan cai va dang ky Ian dau. KhoilU'oongki~m tra gam: Xem xet Sl,l'hoan hao va hOGltdong tot eua cO'e~u va trang bidi~n cua may, tay lai va h~ thong phanh, moe nOi,hOptruy~n dong va cO'cau lui, candan dong trU'cYcva tn,lc lai phia sau, tn,lc truy~n dong, thiet bi ehieu sang va tin hi~ueOngnhU'dl,mgCl,lmang hang cua chung.

(2) Ngoai ra trong I~tnki~m tra Ian dau xe nang phai xem xet thi~t bi sauday:

Tay lai, phanh, sat xi: Ki~m tra trGlngthai cua 0 dO'va khe h& lam vi~e cua eiliptrl,lc lai, Sl,l'lien ket cua tay lai; ki~m tra hanh trinh tl,l'do cua ban dGlPphanh; ki~m traSl,I'bat ehilit eua cae bu long milit bich. moi loi lien ket cac dang. banh trl,lc eua caudan dong (trl,lc lap cau sau) va lien ket cua cau trU'ac vai cau sau va khung may;ki~m tra Sl,l'bat ch~t eua 0 dO'banh xe di~u khi~n va dan dong; ki~m tra trang thaicua tam nhip, bu long ehinh tam va Sl,l'bat eh~t cua cae Quang treo nhip; ki~m tratrGlngthai cua eac mo; han khung may; ki~m tra cac lop xe.

H~ thong khung nang va thuy Il,I'e:Ki~m tra Sl,I'di~u ehinh suc cang eua xichban trU'Q't;ki~m tra m(1c dau trong h~ thong thuy Il,I'c;ki~m tra ph&t chan dau eua xilanh nang va do nghieng nang hang khi lam vi~c toan taL

(3) Sau khi ki~m tra Ian dau phai tien hanh thu tinh va thli dong phU hOOpvai yeu cau sau day:

Thu tTnh: Tai trong thu bling 125% SWL. Ml,le dich la d~ ki~m tra do b~nchung eua xe nang va do b~n rieng cua cac chi tiet cOng nhU'do on dinh doc eua xe

38

QCVN 22: ~010/BGTVT

nang.

Khi thlr tinh xe nang, tai trQng thlr duoc d~t & co cau nang hang sao chotronq tam cua fai tronq thlr phu hop voi chi dan trong Ii lich cua xe nang.

Tai tronq thlr diroc nang lemden do cao tlr 100 - 200 mm. Xe nang dU'Q'cxemnhu dat yeu cau neu trong v6ng 10 phut hang nang khong b] roi, cOngnhu khong c6vet nut hoac bien danq va c6 cac hu hong khac.

Thlr dong: Tai tronq thlr lay biing sue nang cho phep va duoc tien hanh ngaysau khi thlr tTnhdat yeu cau. Muc dich cua vi$c thlr dong la kiem tra Sl,J' heat dongcua cac co cau, phanh, cac bo phan di~u khien chuyen dong tronq pharn vi cua vunqdi chuyen lam viec,

b) Kiem tra dinh ky 12 thang/1 I§n, kh6i 1U'Q'ngkiem tra g6m:

Xem xet Sl,J' hoan hao va heat dong t6t cLlacac cO'cau va thiet bi thuy IItc, c§ndan dong trU'ac va trl,lc lai phfa sau, trl,lc truy~n dong, thiet bi chieu sang va tin hi$ucOngnhU'thiet bi mang hang cLlachung.

Kiem tra tay lai, phanh va sat xi: Kiem tra tr~ng thai cLla 0 dO'va khe h& lamvi$c cLla c~p trl,lc lai, Sl,J' lien ket cLlatay lai; kiem tra hanh trinh tl,l' do cLla ban d~pphanh; kiem tra SI,I' bat ch~t cac bu long m~t xich, m6i 16ilien ket cac dang, Mnh trl,lccLlac§u dan dong (trl,lc lap c§u sau) va lien ket cLla c§u trU'ac va; c§u sau va khungmay; kiem tra Sl,J' bat ch~t cLla0 dO'banh xe dieu khien va dan dong, kiem tra tr~ngthai cLla cac tam nhlp, bu long chinh tam va Sl,J' bat ch~t cLla cac quang treo nhip,kiem tra tr~ng thai cLlacac m6i han khung may; kiem tra cac 16pxe.

Kiem tra he th6ng khung nang va thuy Il,I'c.

Thlr tinh biing 125% SWL va thli dong bang SWL.

c) Kiem tra bat thU'cyng,thl,l'Chien trong cac trU'cynghQ'psau:

(1) Sau khi slra chua, trang bi I~i ho~c thay the cac chi tiet;

(2) Sau khi hoan cai ph§n di chuyen, vo ho~c khung nang hang;

(3) Sau khi slra chua tai n~n.

Kh6i 1U'Q'ngkiem tra va thlr dU'Q'Ctien hanh nhU'khi kiem tra dinh kyo

3.7. Quy dinh v~ kiem tra, ch(l'ng nh~n thiet bi xep dO'nh~p khau

Cac thiet bi xep dO',cac bo ph~n, chi tiet nh~p khau Slr dl,JI1gde che t~o thietbi xep dO'phai dU'Q'cCl,lCDang kiem Viet Nam kiem tra, ch(l'ng nh~n phu hQ'pva; cacyeu eau quy dinh ella Quy chuan nay va cac quy dinh cLla tieu chuan ky thu~t, quydinh cLla phap lu~t lien quan den eac yeu c§u v~ dam bao chat 1U'Q'ngan toan kythu~t va bao ve moi trU'cyngtU'O'ng(l'ng va; tlrng lo~i.

39

QCVN 22: 20,O/BGTVT

3.8. Qui dinh cap hO so

CI,JCDang ki~m Vi~t Nam bien soan, in an, ban hanh, hU'&ng dan I~p va capcac Giay ch(l'ng nhan, bi~u m~u, an chi c6 lien quan d~n ki~m tra, ch(l'ng nhan thi~tb] xep deYtheo quy dinh cua Quy chuan nay.

3.8.1. De nghi kiem tra

De nghi kiem tra do co quan, to chuc, ca nhan c6 lien quan d~n thi~t k~, ch~tao, slfa chua. cai tao, nhap khau, khai thac Slf dl,Jngthi~t b] x~p dO'glfi cho CI,JCDang kiem Vi~t Nam.

3.8.2. Giay ch(l'ng nhan

3.8.2.1. CI,JCDang kiem Vi~t Nam cap cac Giay ch(l'ng nhi\in tU'O'nglmg theoquy djnh trong Quy chuan nay cho cac thi~t b] xep do.

3.8.2.2. Giay ch(l'ng nh~n da cap se b] mat hieu IIfC trong cac truang hop sauday:

(a) N~u thieu mot yeu cau nao d6 theo Quy chuan hoac;

(b) Khong dU'Q'ckiem tra theo quy dinh hcac:

(c) Qua thai han kiem tra ho~c;

(d) Cac thiet bi thl,fc t~ kh6ng con phu hqp v&i giay ch(l'ng nhi\inda capho~c

(e) Sau khi bi tai n<;:lnho~c bi huy bo.

3.8.2.3. Cap l<;:IiGiay ch(l'ng nhi\in

Cl,lc Dang kiem Vi$t Nam se cap l<;:IiGiay ch(l'ng nhi\in sau khi da dU'Q'ckiemtra, thlf phu hqp theo quy dinh cLlaQuy chuan nay.

3.8.3. Sao cao kiem tra

Sau khi hoan thanh kiem tra, thlf nghi$m cac thiet bj xep dO',chi ti~t, be>phi\incLla chung, CI,ICDang kiem Vi$t Nam se li\ip bao cao kiem tra tU'O'ng(l'ng cho 10<;:lihinh kiem tra quy dinh trong Quy chuan nay.

4. TRAcH NHleM COA cAc cO' QUAN, TO CHlrC cA NHAN

4.1. Cac cO'quan, t6 ch(l'c, ca nhan lien quan den cong tac san xuat, chet<;:lO,nh~p khau, thi~t k~, khai thac Slf dl,Jng,quan Iy, kiem tra, ch(l'ng nhi\inan toan kythu~t va bao ve mol trU'ang thiet bi x~p dO'phai tuan thu cac quy dinh cua Quy chuannay va cac van ban quy ph<;:lmphap lu~t, quy dinh, hU'&ng dan c6 lien quan, chiutrach nhiem ve k~t qua kiem tra.

40

QCVN 22: 2Q10/BGTVT

4.2. Trach nhiem cua CO'sa thi~t k~

Tuan thu cac quy dinh, yeu cau ky thuat cua Quy chuan nay.

4.3. Trach nhiern cua t6 chuc, ca nhan nhap khau, CO'sa ch~ tao, Co sothLYnghi~m thi~t bi x~p do

1. Tuan thu cac quy djnh, quy chuan, tieu cnuan ky thuat hi~n hanh khich~ tao. I~p rap, sua chua, cai tao, nh~p khau cac thi~t b] x~p do.

2. Xay dl,l'ng quy trinh cong ngh$, thLYnghiem, ki«§mtra chat lU'oong;d~utu thi~t b] ki~m tra, thLYnghiem, san xuat phu hoop;thi~t bi ki~m tra phai duoc kiemchuan djnh ky; t6 chuc ki~m tra chat 1U'Q'ngcho tling san pham va chiu trach nhiernv~ chtd 1U'Q'ngsan pham xuat xU'ang.

3. Ch;u trach nhiem v~ nguon g6c, xuat Xli', chat 1U'Q'ngcac thi~t b; x~pdo nh~p khau.

4.4. Trach nhi$m cua Chu thi~t b; x~p do

Ch;u trach nhiem sLYachO'a, bao dU'ong de bao dam tieu chuan an toan kythucIltva bao ve moi trU'cmgcua cac thi~t b; x~p do giO'a hai ky kiem tra cua dan vi£)ang kiem d~ duy tri tinh tr~ng ky thu~t cua chung theo dung cac quy d;nh cua Quychuan nay.

4.5. Cac t6 chLrc, ca nhan nhcIlpkhau, Co' sa ch~ t~o, Co'sa thLYnghi$m,Chu thi~t b; phai bao quan, giO'gin, khong dU'Q'csLYachua, tay xoa giay teYxac nhcIlnk~t qua ki~m tra, giAy chung nh~n da dU'Q'ccAp va xuat trinh khi co yeu cau cuangU'CYithi hanh cong VI,!c6 tham quy~n.

5. T6 CHLfC THl)'C HII~N

5.1 CI,!C£)ang ki«§mViet Nam c6 trach nhi$m t6 chLrCtrien khai, hU'angdan va thl,J'Chi$n Quy chuan nay; tham mU'u,d~ nghj So Giao thong V~n tai kip thaisLYad6i, b6 sung Quy chuan nay khi can thi~t.

5.2 Can CLrvao di~u kien thl,J'ct~ khi thl,J'chi$n Quy chuan, CI,!C£)angki~m Viet Nam c6 trach nhi$m tham mU'u,de nghi BQ Giao thong V~n tai kip thai sLYad6i, b6 sung Quy chuan nay.

5.3. Khi cac tieu chuan, quy chuan vi~n dan ho~c hU'ang dan quy djnh t~iQuy chUi3nnay c6 SI,J' thay d6i, b6 sung hof;1cdU'Q'cthay th~ thl thl,J'chi~n theo noidung cua van ban maio

41


Ph\J l\Jc 1

Cac dung sai cua thi~t b] x~p deYva dlJ'ang ray

Cac dung sa; quy dinh dU'6'iday dU'Q'Cap dl,mg dOivoi C8Utrue, c6ng true va caccan true co can di chuyen, nhU'ng khong ap dl,mg cho din true dU'ong sat. D6; voi cac cantrue dU'Q'cI~p dl,mg chi d~ SLYdl,mgtarn thoi (vi du nhu cac c~n true dung trong xay dl,mg) thicac quy dinh nay chi dU'Q'cap dung toi muc co the thi hanh dU'Q'Cva trong moi trU'cYnghoprieng biet phai duoc Dang kiem xem xet.1.1 Phuonq phap do

Khi dung thuoc day de do, phai SLYdl,mg ki~u tnuoc day b~ng thep co vach chiaoCac quy djnh d6i vOi viec SLYdl,mg kieu thucc do nay phai dU'Q'cxem xet. Cac 56lieu do phal dU'Q'chieu chinh do do chung cua thucc day cung nhU'do chenh I$chcua nhiet do moi trU'cYngso vcri nhi$t do tieu chuan. Toan bo cac kich thU'oc trenmot thiet bi xep der phai dU'Q'cdo tren cling mot thU'oc va cung mot Ilfc cangthU'6'c.

1.2 Dung sai che t~o dOivcri thiet bi xep der

1.2.1 DOchenh I$ch Ion nhlit ?S cLla khau dOcau tn,lc S so vOi kich thU'oc trong ban vethiet ke phai khong VU'Q'tqua cac gia tr! sau:

DOi vOi 5 ( 15 m

DOi voi s > 15 m

(xem Hinh 1.2.1)

?S = « 2 mm

?S = ([2 + 0,15. (s -15)] mm (Ion nhat (15 mm) .

la+nl I I I rifu!~ ~~·------------------~·----------mm,,,

5 +~s

Hinh 1.2.1

1.2.2 Cac dam dQc cLla thiet bi xep der dU'Q'CO'ertI,r do t~i 2 dau dam phaikh6ng co do v6ng, ngay ca khi ban va thiet ke khong quy dinh dO vonglen cLla dam. dieu ki$n nay c6 nghia la dU'ong ray cLla xe con (xe tOi) khithiet bi xep do khong mang tai (khi chU'a I~p xe con) phai kh6ng dU'Q'cvongxuOng so vOi mC\itphang nam ngang. Yeu cau nay chi ap dl,mg cho cac thiet bjxep dO-c6 khau do IcrnhO'n20 m.

1.2.3 Trang trU'ong hQ'p SLY dl,lng dau ray phang, dO I$ch cLla trl,Jc banh xe sovoi dU'ong n~m ngang khi thiet bi xep derkh6ng mang tai phai nam trong khoang+ 0,2% va - 0,05% . (xem Hinh 1.2.3).

42


,,,r--- t-"'_--', ,, ,i +0.2% -~?i&---- -- r; ------: - 0.05% .------ : --

, -------' ,:.____.-- ,

Hinh 1.2.3

Thiet bi xep dO'khOngmang tai co nghia la dam doc chua lap xe can, duQ'cdO'tl,l'do tal 2 dau dam.

1.2.4 Khoang each giCra2 dU'cyngtam ray di chuyen cua xe can 50 v&i kich thuoc danhnghia 5 khOng dU'Q'CVU'Q'tqua (3mm (xem Hinh 1.2.4).

s±3mm

Hinh 1.2.4

1.2.5 Trang mat ph~ng vuong g6c v&i phuonq di chuylm ella xe can, chenh I(!eh dOeao ella 2 di~m doi dlen ella dU'cyngray xe eon khong duQ'c vuot qua 0,15%khoanq each tam 2 dU'cyngray ella xe can, dO chenh I~eh I&n nhat cho phep la10mm (xem Hlnh 1.2.5).

,,

.--.. t__-_--_~_~~-~:;;!--;------D....,:....___---.....- _ _..._l...,..J t max.10mm

nam ngang

s

Hinh 1.2.5

43

QCVN 22: 201Q/BGTVT

1.2.6 f)U'ong ray cua xe con phai dU'Q'cI~p d~t sao cho b~ mat ray phai n~m trong m~tph~ng ngang va do map mo Ian nhat cho phep cua b~ mat ray phai khOng tonhon ( 3 mm dOiv&i khoang each giCYa2 dU'ong tam ray tai 3 m va khOng lon hon( 0,1% dOi vai khoang each giCYa2 dlYcmgtam ray Ian hon 3 m (xem Hinh 1.2.6).

~ 3 mm d6i vai ss 3m

± 0,1% S doi vai S > 3 m

®»> __ -_-_"~- -------,-" ,

s

Hinh 1.2.6

1.2.7 TrI,ICth~ng dLrng cua dlYong ray xe con phai khong dU'O'cI~ch so v&i true th~ngdLrng cua ban thanh da.mdoc deYray mot khoang Ian hon mot rura chieu day cuaban thanh do (xem Hlnh 1.2.7).

t2

"II-+- ;;+-----

"II

Hinh 1.2.7

1.2.8 True doc cua dU'ong ray xe con khOng dU'O'cI$ch so vai true doc Iy thuy~t motkhoanq Ian hon (1,0 mm tren mot dO<;lnray dal 2 m. Phai khong co do I~ch tn,lct<;licac m6i nOiray (xem Hinh 1.2.8).

o.

44

QCVN 22: 201.0/BGTVT

2,Om

I Tn,lc doc cua ray xe con

Hinh 1.2.8

1.2.9 True cua 186 true banh xe kh6ng dU'Q'cI$ch so v6'i true Iy thuyet mot goc ton han( 0,04% trong m~t phang nam ngang (xem Hinh 1.2.9).

, /1= - - - - - - - - - - - - -,- - - - - - - - -

: --------~-~--~----I --=-'::"'::j- _, -t:: = = = = = = = = = = = = I i= = = = = = = = =

/

/ ! 0,04%-/1-

Hinh 1.2.9

1.2.10 True cua 18 6 true banh xe doi dien nhau tren hai dU'<Yngray, va neu cac banh xedU'Q'cI~p trong cum chan thi true cua 2 10 true cum chan doi dien nhau phai co dOI$ch true trong mat ph~ng thang dung nhe)han 0,15% khoang each gilia 2 tambanh xe s, do lech true Ian nhat cho phep Ie 2 mm (xern Hinh 1.2.10).

0,15% Smax. 2 mm nam ngang

n~m ngang

~---------------- S

Hinh 1.2.10

45

1.2.11

1.2.12

1.2.13

1.3

QCVN 22: 201p/BGTVT

M~t phang tam cua cac banh xe Ian tren cung mot dU'ang ray phai khOngdU'Q'clech Ion hon (1 mm so v&i mat phang tam ray (xern Hinh 1.2.11).

~±1mmM~tphimg lam ella dau ray

i~ +1mm

M~I phang lam ella bann xe M~t ph~ng lam ella bimh xe

Hinh 1.2.11

Neu SLPdl,mg cac con Ian dan hlJ'&ngn~m ngang, thi tam cua khoang each giCYacac con Ian dan hU'&ng (1mot cum kh6ng duoc lech lon hon (1 mm so voi truecua ray (xem Hinh 1.2.12).

Khoang each giCta caccon Ian dan hlJ(lng

tM~t phang tam cea dau ray

Tam cua khoang each/ g;a, cac 000 ian dA, h""og

Hinh 1.2.12

Dung sai dU'ang kinh cua cac banh xe pha; tU'O'ngl.ing v&i cap dung sai h9 theoTieu chuan ISO. Neu toc ee cua cac banh xe dan dong dU'Q'cdong b(l hoa, thidung sai cao hon co th~ dlJ'Q'cyeu cau. Dung sai dU'ang kinh banh xe phai dU'Q'cxac dinh tllY tLrng trLl'ang hQ'pCI,J the. Cac dung sai nay cung dlJ'Q'cap dl,lng chocac bc1mhxe bi dong, vi cac banh xe phili dlJ'Q'cthay the Ian cho nhau.

Dung sai doi v&i dlJ'ang ray cua thiet bi xep dO'

Cac dung sai dlJ'Q'cneu dlJ'ai day ap dl,mg cho OlJ'ang ray mai. Neu trong quatrinh SLPdl,mg cac dung sai nay vU'qt qua 20%, thi dU'ang ray pMi dU'Q'cdjnh tamIt;li.Neu 51/ di chuy~n bi anh hU'(1ngnhieu thi phai dinh tam I~i dlJ'ang ray ngay cakhi dung sai v~n chlJ'ad~t den 20%.

1 - £>0 lech I&n nh~t ?S so vai khau do 5 la:

Khi s:s; 15 m: LIs= ± 3 mm.

Khi s > 15 m: ?S = ([3 + 0,25 . (5 - 15)] mm, Lan nhilt cho phep (25 mm).

(xem Hlnh 1.2.1)

Neu cac banh xe dan hU'&ngn~m ngang dU'Q'Ctrang bi chi tren mot dU'angray, thi dung 5ai dOiv&i dU'ang ray phia ben kia chi co th~ dU'Q'ctang len ba

46

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Ian cac gia tri neu tren, nhlJ'ngkhong dlJ'Q'cvuot qua 25 mm.

2 - Gia thi~t r~ng khi xe con 6' giCfakh~u dO thi dO v6ng cua ca hai dlJ'6'ngrayx~p xi bang nhau.

3 - Dung sai cho phep lon nh~t cua mcjlttren cua ray so v&i dOcao Iy thuy~t la(10 mm. £>0cao Iy thuy~t hoac la vi trl nam ngang, hoac 121 do cong vbng Iythuyet (neu ap dung), £>0cao cua hai dlJ'6'ng ray co the chenh nhau t&i 10mm. Chenh I~ch do cao theo hlJ'&ng doc ray tal m6i diem each nhau 2 mkhong dlJ'Q'cVlJ'Q'tqua +2 mm.

4 - £>0nghieng cua be m~t ray kh6ng dlJ'Q'cVlJ'Q'tqua cac gia trj sau day so vaivi tri Iy thuy~t: doc 0,3 %; ngang 0,3%, xem Hinh 1.3:a.

Hinh 1.3.a

5 - £>0I~ch ngang cho phep ton nh~t cua m6i ben ray trong m~t ph~ng namngang la (10 mm. £>0cong thea chieu doc ray tai mo: dillm each nhau 2 mkhong dlJ'Q'cVlJ'Q'tqua (1 mm (xem Hinh 1.3.b).

Hinh 1.3.b

£>6iv&; thi~t bi x~p dO'dlJ'Q'Cdan hlJ'&ng ca hai ben ray bang cac can Iannam ngang, cac gia trj tren cOngdlJ'Q'cap dl,mgd6i v&; be mcjltben clla ray.

£>6iva; thiet bi xep dO'dlJ'Q'cdan hlJ'ong chi mot ben ray, thi yeu c~u ve dOth~ng clla dlJ'6'ngray khong co can Ian dan hlJ'&ngco thll dlJ'Q'Cg;am xu6ng,theo thea thu~n v&i nha ch~ t~o.

6 - KhOng xet den do I~ch tn,lc t~i cac m6i n6i ray. Khuyen nghi nen SLYdl,lngcac m6i n6i ray killu han.

47

QCVN 22: 2Q10/BGTVT

Ph", luc 2H~ngmuc kiim tra ktit ciu kim lo~i

Dang kiem vien quyetdinh s6 diem phai doehieu day phu thuoc vaodieu ki~n thl,!'ete.

HU'60ng din ki6m tra I

1. Kel eau Bien d<;lng,nu't Bat ky Sl,!'bien d<;lngva n(Ptnao.kim loai

Phai kiem tra bang mat Itren toan b¢ ehieu dai d~ Iphat hien biem dang, n(Pt

! Neu phat hi$n vet n(Pt thipMi kiem tra lai bang quytrlnh kiem tra bOttLY.

2. Ket caukirn loat

.t-------+------+---------------+--.-- ...--.-- -- Phai tien hanh do chleu

day va so sanh voi cbieuday ban dau.

Mon gi - Chieu day lam:

+ Giam 10% chleu day tai rnoi diem;

+ Giarn 20% t<;licac khu VI,!'C bi hao mencue be, cac khu VI,l'Cnay chi la mOt phan -nho ella m~t cat ngang cua ket cau

- M~t cat:

+ Giam 10% dien tleh m~t cat ngang dOi- Cac diem kiem tra va :voi cac b¢ pMn quan trc;>ng trong

trU'cmg hQ'p Sl,!'hao mon pMn b6 deu cac gia tr, do phai dU'Q'ctren m~t cat ngang xem xet. ghi ehep tren met ban ve

pMe thao.+ Giam 20% CI,lCb¢ khi m~t cat xem xet

chi la b¢ ph~n ket cau phl,l

1- Cae b¢ ph~n c6 m~t cat ngang hlnhtron:

+ Giam 3% dU'ong kinh t<;limoi diem trencac m~t cat gi6ng nhau.

+ Giam 5% cvc b¢.

3. Cac matren can, cot,cau trl,Jc,cOngtrl,lc.

Bien dang, n(Pt Bat ky 51,!' bien d<;lngva mit nao. Phai kiem Ira ky de cO thepMt hien bien dang, nu'!Neu phat hien vet mit thiphai kiem tra l<;libang quytrinh kiem tra b¢t tLY.

4. Cae ma trencan, cOt,dIUtrl,JC,cOng

I tn,le.

10% trnh theo chieu day hoc;ic5% trnh theodU'ong kinh bat kY.

Hao men Phai kiem tra Sl,!'hao monsau khi lam ve sinh s<;lchI

phan gi ben ngoaL

48

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Phl,l'l,Ic3H,ng muc kiim tra xich va day xich treo hang

ID~ng

H,ng muc Tieu chuAn lo,i b6 Hoong din ki6m trakhuy€tt t~t

/1. Xich I Mat IMan Mon trM 5% tfnh theo Phai ti~n hanh kiem tra xlch va mat cuoicuoi xich I dU'ong kinh xlch theo gioi han hao rnon, d~c bi$t (y

InhCmgb~ mat chiu h,Pc.

12. Xlch va Gian dai. Gian dai tren 3% do tren Phili tien hanh do chieu dai xich va so sanhmat nOi I chieu dai 10 - 20 mat xlch. voi chi~u dai ban dau.

13. Xich I mat Bien d;;mg Bat ki bien dGingxoan hoac Phili tien hanh kiem tra xlch va m~t cuoi IcuOi uon nao cua mat cuOi. xfch theo Mu chuan v~ bielnd;;lng.

4. Xfch I mat Vet cat, Bat ki vet cat. khia ho~c Phai kiem tra cac vet cat, khia hoac ranhcuOi khia, ranh. ranh c6 c~nh sac nao. cua x{ch hoc;\cmat cuoi lam giam d¢ beln

cua mat xich.

5. Xich I Mat Vet mit Bat kl vet nut nao Phili kiem tra xich hoc;\cmat cuoi xich decuOixich pMt hi~n vet nut. Chu y d~c bi$t den khu

IVI,.I'C han xich. Khu Vl,l'C treo tai p~ai dungquy trinh kiem tra bang b¢t tll'.

6. Xich I M~t Gi Bfit ki ch6 gi nao thanh 16 Phai kiem tra xich va mat cuoi xich sau khicuoi xich s~u ho~c gi qua 5% dU'ong lam v$ sinh s~ch lop gi (y ben ngoai.

kinh.

7. Xlch va Xoan Lo~i b6 d~y xich treo hang bj Phai do muc d¢ xoan cua xich, t6t nh~t lamat nOi xoan qua ntia vang tren khi dang dU'Q'ctreo tal..,I chleu dal 4 m.

Taj trQng thu. (PL):

Khi SWL ( 25 t : PL = 2 x SWL (tan).

Khi SWL > 25 t : PL = (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (ttm).

49


PhI:! Il:!c 4H,ng rnuc ki~m tra day cap treo hang sQ'itil nhien

...•....•..-----,

H\lng mucO\lng

Tieu chuAn IOfi b6 HlJ'6ongdin ki~m trakhuyitt t~t

!

11. Day cap CO'khr MQi khuyet tat nhln I PMi kiem tra khuyet tat cua than cap hoac tai

Ithay duoc I bat cap bang mat thU'cYng. _-J

12, Day cap I Chay B~t ki d~u hieu hLY Phai tien hanh kiem tra day cap xem c6 b; hU'hong nao do chay hQido tiep xuc voi Ilia ho~c vat lieu c6 nhiet ee

cao khOng

3. Day cap Hoa chat Bat kl dau hi$u hLY Phili tien hanh kiem tra day cap xem co bi hU'hong nao do hoa chat h~i do hoa chat gay ra khOng

4. Day cap Moc hoac Bat ki 51,1'moe ho~c PMi tien nann kiem tra ben trong 59'i cap dernuc muc nao phat hien moc hoac muc.

5. Day cap Gien Blit ki 51,1'gien nao Phili kiem tra 51,1'gien cua 59'i cap do U'ot noaccua 59'icap khOgay ra.

6. Mat noi Long . Bat kl 51,1'long nao Phili kiem tra dam bao rang mat noi dAu cap (y

dau cap I ella mat noi dau cap. tr<;lngthai ch~t

ni trQng thLP(PL): Chu thich:

Khi SWL ( 25 t : PL = 2 x SWL (tan). PMi (f~c bi~t Il.fu y (f6n cac m6i n6i b~ng tay,

Khi SWL> t . L;;;; L +, chi Slf dl,mgm6i n6i "hang Mr.25 . P (1,22 x SW) 20 (tan).

~----------------------~-----------------------

50


PhV Ivc 5H,ng muc kiim tra day cap treo hitng sQ'i nhan tao

H~ng m..,cD\lng Tieu chuAn lo~i be) HIJ'c7ngdan kiAm tra

khuy6t ttt

1. Day cap HlI' hong Sat ki SI)' hll' hong C(J Pnal ki~m tra hll' hOng bcilngm~t thll'cyng caC(J khi khi nao nhln thay bang than cap hoac mat n6i d~u cap.

m~hthll'cYng

2. Day cap £h1'tSQ'i Sat ki SI)'dut nao tr~n Phai tien nann ki~m tra phat hi~n SI,.I'dut sQ'ithan noac mat n6i dau capcap

3. Day cap Chay Sat kl dau hi~u hll' Phai tien hanh kit~m tra day cap xem co bi hll'hong nao do chay h~i do tiep xuc vai Ilra hoac vat Ii$u co nhiet

dOcao khOng.

4. Day cap Hoa chat Sat kl dau hi$u hll' Phai tien nann ki~m tra xem day cap co tiephong nao do hoa chat xuc vai hoa chat kMng. f)i~u nay th~ hien (y

51)' nhat rnau, long cua v~t lieu cap (co thedung ngon tay lam toe cac sooicap).

5. Day cap Hong do Sat ki SI)' hll' hong nao Phai kiem tra xem day cap co bj till' hong doma sat do ma sat. ma sat ben ngoai t~i cac khu Vt,I'C sang b6ng

khOng.

6. Day cap Nhi~m b~m Sat ki SI,.I'nhiem b~n Phai kiem tra phat hien bat ki SI)' nhi~m b~1n:do dflU va nao do dau va m6' gay nao do dau va m6' gay ra d6i vai day cap ma lm6' gay ra ra. khOngth~ dung vai s<;Ichd~ lau dau dll'Q'C.

Tal trvng thli (PL): Chu thleb: JKhi SWL ( 25 t : PL = 2 x SWL (tan). 1. Cac day cap treo hang, sQ'inMn t~o hay ~;

Khi SWL > 25 t: PL = (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tan). hl.f hOng pMi dl.f()'c kifJm tra ch~t cM m6ikhl Sl.fdl,mg chung.

2. Vi~c sif dl,mg day cap treo hang sQ'inMnt~o pMi dl.fQ'ch~n ch~. ch~ng hqn khi yeuc~u ntmg nhf;.

51

1. Di3y cap But 1. N~u bi~t so 1U'Q'ngSQ'icap:

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

PhlJ h"c 6H~ng rnuc ki~m tra day cap treo hang s9'i thep

Phai ki~m tra toan b¢ chieudai cap <l~ phat hien SI,I'<lutsoi cap.

D\ln~khuyAt t~t I HlJ'6ong dan kiAm tra

a/10% so sQ'itren chi~u dai = Sian <1U'cYngkinh.

bl ton non 3 soi li~n nhau.

2. Neu khOngbit~tsolU'Q'ngSQ'icap:

al 5 SQ'ia chieu dai = 5 IfIn 6U'o-ngkinh.

bl Lon hon 3 sQ'ili~n nhau.

2. Day cap xoan B~t ki SI! xo~n vTnhCl1U nao Phai ti~n Mnh kiem tra phathien cac dang xo~n.

3. Day cap MOn Bat ki SI! hao men nao tren b~ mat cua cac soicap ben ngoai a chO cap b! bep Ian non 3/46U'o-ngklnh ban <laucua sot cap.

Phai Mn hanh kiem tra benngoai day cap xem c6 bi haomon a cac soi ben nqoaikhOng.

4. Day cap

1

Giam<1U'o-ngkinh

I

-1,2 mm 60i voi cap « 19mm;

- 1,6 mmeroivai cap ( = 19 mm <l~n< 32 mm;

- 2,4 mm eroivai cap ( = 32 mm6en < 38 mm;

1

- 3,2 mm eroivai cap ( = 38 mmeren< 51 mm;

- 4,0 mm eroivai cap ( > 51 mm.

Phai tien hc'lnh ki~m tra <lo Idac 6U'o-ngkinh day cap vaso stmh vai 6U'o-ngklnh ban6au.

5. Day cap I Hong doI nhi~t

Bat ki SI! hong nao do nhiet gay ra. Phai kiem tra xem day cap cObi hU'hong nhiet do erenkh6,tia Ilia <lien...

6. Di3ycap Gi Phai loai bo cac di3ycap bi gi ben trong. Cac day Kiem tra ben Irong day capcap bi gl ben ngoai 6U'Q'c eranh gia theo bang cach lam I¢ rO be m~tml,lc3 tao cap ben trong.

Kiem Ira ben ngoa; bang matthU'o-ngsau khi lam sach giben ngoa; SQ'icap.

7. Bau cot,mO;b~nho~ccac<launoicap kMc

Bien dc;mglHU'hong

Tat ca cac bien dang ho~c hU' hOng sau dU'aib~m~t.

PMi kiem tra cac dau no; capde phat hien cac bien dangho~c hU' hong nhU' bl;lP natho~c ran nut.

S. Bau cOt, Long Tat ca cac chi ti~t ho~c 6au nOicap bi long.mOiben

hoc;iccac 1

I ~:~ ~~~c IL_ .. __L_ __L_ __L ___j

Pha; kiem tra cac khu vl!C satk~ dau noi de pMt hi(m dOben ch~t cOadau nOiva; daycap.

52


Phu lue 7H\ing muc kiim tra khuyen treo va cac mit n6i khac

H~ngmIJCO\lng

li6u ehuan lo\,i b6 HU'ang din ki6m trakhuy.jt t~t

1. cum chi Si~n di;lng Sat ki bi~n d~ng nao so voi Phai kiem tra bi~n d~ng hoac xoan itiet hoac xoan hinh d~ng ban dau. cua cum chi ti~t so vai hlnh d~ng

ban dau. £)i~u nay dGic bi$t quantronq doi voi khuyen treo hinh tron.

2. cum chi Hao rnon sat kl hao m6n nao VU'ootqua Phai kiem tra hao mon cua cum chi

i tiet 5% kich thuoc ban dau. tiet tren tat ca cac b~ m~t.

,

3. Cum chi vMcat, me, Sat ki vet cat, me hoGicranh Phai kiem tra cum chi tiet bang mattiet ranh nao anh hU'ang den d¢ ben thLl'6'ngde phat hi$n cac vet cat, me

cua cum chi tiet. va ranh, d~c bi$t nhCrngvet co canhsac.

4. Cl,lmchi Vet mit Sat ki vet mit nao. Phai kiem tra b~ng mat thLl'6'ngde Itiet phat hi~n vet mit. Nllu pMt hi$n vet

nLl't thl pMi kiem tra. I~i bang quytrinh kiem tra bOttU.

I

leU tr9ng thlP (PL): I

Khi SWL ( 25 t : PL = 2 x SWL (tan). J'kK_h_i_S_W_L._>_2_5_t_:_P_L_=_(_1,_2_2_X_S_WL__ )_+_2_O_(_ta_n_). _

53

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Ph", I",c 8H,ng muc ki~m tra ma ni

-IH\lng muc O"ng

ITiitu chu n 10\li b6 HU'ang dAn ki m tra

khuy6t ttt I1. Ma nl, chat KhOng oung I t.oai bo bat kl ma nl nao 1 Kfch thll'ac cua chat va ma ni se

chUng lo;;!i. khOngdung chUng loai. Oll'Q'ckj~m tra so val kfch theoc MuI I chuan tra bang theo tai trQng lamI

, vi~c an toan oa Oll'Q'c06ng (SWL).

2. Ma nl, chat Hao rnon Bat kl hao men dll'ang Phili 00 klch mooc ma nf va chat so Iklnh nao VlI'Q't ,qua 5% I san~ vai klch tnuoc. Phai ki~m tra=chOt

kfch thuoc ban oau i Sl,l'I~pnip.Bi£mdi;lng Bat kl dau hi~u bit§nd«;lng 1 Phili tien hanh killm tra ma nl, chat

nao o~ phat hi~n cac bien d«;lngI rneo Ihi~n c6.

:

14. Ma nj, chat Vet cat, B~t kl vet cat. khia ranh I Phili tien hanh ki~m tra pnat hi~n cackhia, ranh. c6 cc;lnhsac nao. t vet cat, khia, ranh lam giam do blm

cua chi tiet.

5. Ren tn,lc I ; Mon Bat kl hao mon nao gay Phai kiem tra dOhao mon'ren cua CEIRen 10 I bet oinh reno chat va 10 chat

6. Lo chat I Sl,I'thang I Bat ki Sl,l' khOng thang Phili kiem tra dam bao rang hai 10 I

La ren hang hang nao. i th~ng hang.

7. Ma nf, chat Vet ntit I Bat ki vet mit nao. ! Phili kiem tra vet ntit t«;li khu vl,l'C'

Ichiu tai cua chat va ma nl theo quytrinh kiem tra b~ng bOt tCY.

rai trQng thlP (PL):

Khi SWL ( 25 t : PL = 2 x SWL (tan).

Khi SWL > 25 t : PL = (1.22 x SWL) + 20 (tan).

54

QCVN 22: ~01O/BGTVT

Phl;lll;lC 9.1H\lng rnuc kiim tra moe treo

H,ng mvcO\lng lieu chuAn IO\li b6 HIJ'c1ngdan ki~m tra

khuyAt t~t

1. TMn m6c Hao man Lon non chi~u day ban dau Phai kiem tra va do dac su hao men10% a vung A ; 5% a vung ella m6e treo.B. (Xem Hinh ve minh hoadU'&iday) I

, 2. Than m6e xoan Bat kl Sl,f xoan nao thea true PMi ki~m tra than m6e d~ pMt hienmoe 6~u phai 10Giibo bat ki su xoan nao cua moe so voi true I

,m6c. .

.__ .-3. Mi$ng m6e Bi~n d"mg Bat ki Sl,f bi~n dGingnao ella Phai ti~n h~lnh do khe ha mieng moetreo mi$ng moe treo. treo giCYahai oi~m tam quy dinh va so

sanh v&i kich thuoc ban dau.

4. Than m6e Nlit Bat kl vet myt nao Phili tien hanh ki~m tra phat hien cacvet mit bang mat thU'cYng.Neu phathi~n thay v~t myt thi phai kiem tra laibfmg quy trlnh kiem tra bOttli.

5. Than mOc CO'khilHU' Bat ki vet cat, khia ho~c Phai ki~m tra than m60 oe pMt hi$n hU'hong ranh anh hU'ang den vi~c 511 hong cO'khi.

dl,mgan toano

6. Phan c6 ren Hao man Hao man eho phep I&n nhat Phai kiem tra va do oaC Sl,f hao mentr~n tMn i eGadU'cYngkfnh phan c6 ren clla phan c6 ren tr~n than m6c treo.m6c. i la 5 % dU'ang kinh ban dau.

7. Khuyen m6c M~ Bolt kt s~ bi<\ndang nilo cua Phai ki~m tra de phat hi~n Sl,I' bienkhuyen m6c. dang cua khuyen m6c, neu m6c c6

I khuyen treo.

rai trQng thli (PL):

- Khi SWL ( 25 t : PL = 2 x SWL (tan).

- Khi SWL > 25 t : PL = (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tan).

55

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

cno thich:

Vi~c ki(Jmtra mOimoe treo pMi bao g6m cac viec sau:1. K;~m tra klch tiuroc. T~t ca cac kfch thU'&cpMi Ian han

95% kich thuoc ban a<1u.2. Thanh chong tuOtcap pM; lam viec tot.3. Ph{;n ren tren tMn moe pMi s<;lchva kMng gi (n6u c6).4. Cac d~u pMi d~ aoc.5. Hao mon v~t li~u tei M m(lt I~p (; bi kMng vU'Q1qua 8%

kfch tnuoc ban aau.6. Ouy trlnh trur m6c treo kep aU'Q'C neu trong Ph(l luc 9.2. I7. Cac kich tmroc pM; 00 agC trong cac Ian ki~m tra a6i voi

esc ki~u moe treo neu trong Pnu tuc 9.3.8. M6c treo pMi aU'Q'C kiiJm tra b~ng b9t tv khOng dU'a; mot

Ian trong vong 2 nem.

VungA

56

QCVN 22: 2010/13GTVT

Phv Ivc 9.2Quy trinh thiPmoe treo kep

Moe treo kep phai dU'Q'cthli ta; & mot tranq thai hoat dong (d6ng b¢ d6i voi di~uki(m tai tronq thlr (PL) dU'Q'ctreo theo hlnh ve (a».

Tuy theo each chon, co th~ thli tai moe treo theo hai phan dU'oi day:

1) Tai tronq thlr (PL) dU'Q'ctreo th~ng dung, hinh (b).

2} Tai tronq thu (PL) dU'Q'cd~t theo phuO'ng nam ngang d6ng thai eho m6i moe,hinh (c)

CL_

PL-------

b)

Thu tal dong b9

PL~--------"

a)

0,5 PL

c)

57

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Phl:lll:le 9.3Cae kiAu moe treo - cac kich thU'cYcchinh phai do kiAm tra

.. to

-- -1---L

Moe treo don eo khuyen treo Moe treo deln eo mat xoay

-.-----tKholmg each _---giua 2 tamdtmh d~u

Moe treo dan eo true treo moe Moe treo kep

58

1


PhI} Il}c 10H,ng muc kiim tra mit xoay

I Kh, SWL > 25 to PL' (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tAn)

H\lng mvcO\lng

Tieu chuAn IO\li b6 HU'o.ng din ki~m trakhuy't t~t

1. TMn mat Bien d~ng Bat ki bien d~ng nao Phai kiem tra 51,1' bien d~ng ella mat xoay .xoay so voi hinh d~ng ban d~lU.

2. TMn mat Hao men Bat ki hao men nao virot Phai kiem tra 51,1' hao mon so vai kich Ixoay qua 5% kieh thU'&e ban thuoc ban dau. ,

d~u I3. TMn mat Bat kl vet mit nao i Phai tien hanh kiem tra bang mat thU'Crng

I

Nlrtxoay i de phat hi~n vet rurt, Neu phat hien duoc

Ivet nlrt thi phai kiem tra I~i theo quy trinhkiem tra bang b¢t tti.

4. TMn mat Vet cat, Bilt ki vet cat, me noac Phai tien hanh kiem tra be m~t mat xoayxoay me, ranh ranh nao anh hU'cyngden de pMt hi~n cac vet cat, me, ranh.

an toan cua mat xoay.

I raj trQng thLP(PL): cna thlch:

Khi SWL ( 25 t : PL = 2 x SWL (tan). PMi kilim tra cac chi tiet cua m~t xoay. .bang phl..fO'ngphap thU' khOng pM huythea chu ky kh6ng qua 2 nsm.

59

QCVN 22: 201p'BGTVT

Phl,J ll,Jc 11H~ngmuc ki~mtra tang dO'va vit keo

------------,----------,-----------------------------------------------,

;

D~ngkhuy~t t~t

Ti41uchuAn loal be) I HU'c,ng dan ki6m tra !

Bat kl bi~n dl;lng nao lam Phai kiem tra de phat hien bat ki SI,I' Ii 1. Than tangdO' than tang dO' khOng thang bien dl;lng co khl nao hoac SI! khOng

I hoac can tra chuyen dOng thang cua than U1ngdo.cua phan co reno

Bat ki vet not naoN(ft12. Than tangI dO'

Phai kiem tra bang mat thll'o>ng dephat hi~n cac vet nlPt dc)c bi$t & khuVI,I'C co reno Neu pMt hi~m dll'Q'c vlltnut thi phai kiem tra lai theo quy trinh .

r- t- --l -t-k_ie_m_t._r_a_b_a_ng__bO_.t tu. _j3. Than tang Hao mOn hoac Bat kl hao rnon hoac hll' Phai tiEm hanh kiem tra phan co ren I

dO' hll' Mng h6ng nao cua phan co reno tr~n true tang do bang mat thll'cmg de Iphat hi$n d9 hao m6n hoac hll' h6ng

reno iI 4. £)au tang dO' I Biemdl;lng

~5. £)au tang dO' N(ft

I

I

6. £)au tang dO' Hao m6n ho~chong ren

7. Than va dllU St}a chCra,tang dO' thay d6i

Bat ki bien dang nao lamI .I dau tang dO'khOngth{!ng

Phai tien hanh kiem tra t(J>ngdau tangdO' mOt de pMt hi$n bien dc;mghoackhOng thang.

Bat ki vet nlPtnao Phai kiem tra t(J>ngdau tang dO' bang I

Imat thll'6'ng de pMt hi$n vet nlPt. Neu !

phat hi$n dll'Q'Cvet nlPt thi phai kiem II t~a l<;litheo quy trlnh kiem tra bang bOt Ii

1tll'.Bat kl hao m6n ho~c hong I PMi kiem tra ren clla dau tang dO'deren nao. pMt hi$n hll' Mng hay mOno I

Bat ki SI! thay doi hoac st}a Phai kiem tra than va dau tang dO'dechCranao khOng dll'Q'c£)ang pMt hi$n bat kl SI)' thay doi hoac 5lia

I

kiem duy$t y. chCra nao khOng dll'Q'c £)ang kiem Iduy$t y.

8. Than va dautang dO'

Kich thll'CYcsaitieu chuan.

Bat ki 51)'khai thac nao clla Phai kiem tra klch thll'CYcthan va dau Ihl;lng ml,lC50 vCYikich thll'CYc tang dO'de so sanh vai kfch thll'CYclieu Itieu chuan theo SWL da chuan theo tai trQng lam vi$c an toan Id6ng. da d6ng.~ ~ ~ ~ .. i

60

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Tili trqng thiJo (PL):

- vrt keo:+ Khi SWL:£ 25 t: PL = 1,5 SWL;

+ Khi SWL > 25 t: PL = 1,2 SWL.

- Tang <10':

PL = 2 x SWL (tan).

61

-------------------------------------------------------- - - -

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Ph,=, I,=,c 12H~ngmuc ki~m tra cac kElPhang tAm va dim

O,ngkhuy~tt~t

Ti6u ehuan IO{li b6 HU'60ng din kiAm tra II~illm Mon, bi~n Bat kl d~ng khuy~t t~t nao lam Bi~n d<;lngco the bieu hi~n do sv

chiu tai d<;lng,gi anh hO'ong dEm Sl)' lam viec qua tai. Can cam stY dl,lng va t6ng(dillm em cua thiet bj. kiem tra l<;litoan bOo

treo) _L __ji-2-.-T-h-iS-t-bj----r-C--hU-·n-g-h-o-~·CI ~:2kl d~ng khuyet t~t nilo lam I -

khoa qua chat I ann hO'Q>ngden sv lam vi$c ,[ em cua thiet b].

r-

3_._B_e_m_c;3t__ +-M_o_n_j1 Mon qua gi&i h<;lnChO_-_Ph_e._p_._t--p_ha_'i_d_U_y_tr_i_b_e_m_c;3_t_ti_eu_c.h_u_a_n_t_r{l_n_,lcam kep tat ca cac be mat kep,

INlit I Bat ki vet rnrt nao. Phai kiem tra bang m~t thO'Crngcac I

dO'O'ng han va ket cau ehinh dephat hi~n vet ntit Neu phat hi~n vet

Intit thi phai ki~m tra l<;litheo quy

-----r -+-t_tr_in_h_k_ie_m_tra_b~_ng_bo_t_tll'_. _

5. Cac 10 Mon, gian I Mon ho~e gian dai qua gi&ichOt dai I h<;ln.

~----~-------4--6. Ma kep CMt hoae rlt Bat ki khuyet t~t nao lam anh

va milt qua mlic. hO'Q>ngden Sl)' lam vi$e emxoay eua thiet bj.

4. £)O'O'nghan va ketcau ehlnh

Ph';; k;';m Ira sv 10mvi~C Iran cdma kep va milt xoay.

rai trQng thLP (PL):

- Khi SWL ( 25 t : PL = 2 x SWL (tan) .

• Khi SWL > 25 t: PL = (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tan).

f------ --_.-- --'--------------'----------------j

62

QCVN 22: 2910/BGTVT

Phu I~c 13H,ng muc kiim tra d~m nang hang, khung nang hang

O\ln9 I !H\lng mue

khuy~t t~tTii!u chuAn IOllli be> HLP&ngdan kiem tra

1. Dam Bi~n dQng Bat kl Sl,I' bi~n dQng, uOn Pha; kiem tra tren toan be)chieu dai

noac xoan nao cu. dam. I dam d~ph~t hi~n bien dang, u6n Iho~c xoan dam.

I 2. Dam N(I't Bat ki v~t mit nao Phai kiem tra b~ng mat thU'dng tinh I

I

tranq cua v$t li~u dam. Phil; kiemtra cac vi tri treo va cac mO; han

Ichiu Il,I'C de phat hi~n v~t n(l't theo

i quy trinh kiem tra b~ng bOttu.I :

13. Ngat cuoi Thieu hoac bi~n N~u thi~u hoac billn dQng Phili kiem tra dam nang hang xem

dQng ngat cuO; ngat cuOi thi phili dCrngsli co au va thoa man cac yeu cau kiI dl,mg cho aen khi slia thuat cua ngat cuoi khOng.

IchCrahoac lap au.

I l

Thieu ho~c bu Loai b6 khi thi~u bat ki Kiem tra Sl,l' aay du cua cac bulongI 4. £>iemtreolOng lien ket mOtbu long nao. lien kat.thieu

,

5, £>iemtreo N(I't aU'cmghan Bat ki vet nLrtnao. Neu h~ng ml,lc aU'Q'cfilm k~t han thl Iphai kiem tra vet nut dU'dng han Itheo quy trinh kiem tra b~ng bOt tCr._ ..--- --'--- !

-,

Tai trQng thLP(PL):

- Khi SWL ( 25 t : PL = 2 x SWL (tan).

- Khi SWL > 25 t : PL = (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tan).

63

QCVN 22: 20,0/BGTVT

Ph~ I~e 14.1H~n9muc ki~m tra moe treo co m~t xoay, khuyen treo va true

•

H\lng muc O\lnglieu chuAn IOfi be)

khuy~tt~t

1. Than moe Mon/gi Doi voi vung A, n~u bi mon qua 10% chleu day ban dauthl phil; lo~i bo.

Doi v&i vung B, neu bi men qua 5% chieu day ban dau thiphai lo~i bo.

(xem PhI,!Il,!c9.1)

2. Than moe Xo~n Bat ky sv xoan nao. =lI 3. Khuy~n treo hoac Bien d(;lng Bat kl sv bien d(;lng nao cua khuyen treo noac mat xoay II m~t xoay d~u phili 10(;1ibo I

I!

4. True moe Mon/gi Bat kl Sl,I' hao rnon nao lon hon 5% dU'&ngkinh ban dau

5. Than moe, ren va rna nl Nu't Bat kl co v~t mrt nao deu bi loa: bo.

6.~ cu cua true treo moe Mon/gi Neu dU'&ng kinh dinh ren bi mon 5% so v&i dU'O'ngkinhban dau thl phai 10(;1ibo.

7. Chat Mon/gi Neu cnot bi mon 5% so v&i dU'O'ngkinh ban dau thi pMi10(;1ibo.

B. Coc b~t cap HU'hOngchung Phai xac dinh la coc bat cap khOngco bat kl mot dau hi$u IhU'hOngnilo thl mai dU'Q'cSLr dl,lng.

- -------_9. Thanh chong tu¢t cap. Phai xac dinh thanh chOng tuot cap kh6ng co bat ki mot

Idau hi$u hU' hong nao. N~u khOng co thanh nay thi phaighi rOvilo hOsO'.Neu thieu thanh nay thi phai 10<;libo ho~cslia chua.

64

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Ph!:, I!:,c 14.2HLPangdin ki~m tra moe treo co mit xoay, khuyen treo va true

1. Phai ki~m tra bang m~t thU'ang than moe d~ phat hien SI)' hao rnon hoac gi. Bfit ki SI,/'

phat hien nao ve hao men hoac gi deu phai dU'O'cghi chep I~i cung vai 51,/'danh gia vedo sau, rOng.

2. Phai kiem tra bang m~t thU'ang than moe de phat hien 51)'bi~n d<;lngxoan.

3. Phai do khoanq each ma mieng ella moe lit" qua khoang each nho nh~t ella no va sosanh vai khoang each ban <tau.Viec ma rong ella mieng moe do men, bi~n d<;lnghoacgl phai dU'Q'eghi chep lai vao bien ban.

4. BM ki v~t e~t, ranh, khla deu phai <tU'Q'cmal ht,t. Phai tranh vlec lam tang nhiet <toquaIan va lam thay dbi ti~t dien ella ehi ti~t. MQi eong viec sera ehua deu phai duoc ghiehep vao bien ban ki~m tra.

5. Phai ki~m tra chieu sau ella cac vet nll't. Neu chieu sau cLlavet nLi>tnho han chieu saucho phep do hao men thi <tU'Q'cphep mai vet nLi>tvai Sl,l' <tong y cLlaBang kiem. Neuehieu sau cLlavet nLi>tIan han chieu 5au cho phep do hao men thi phai 10<;libo.

6. Phai ti~n hanh kiem tra bang bot tiJtho~e phU'ang phap khong pha huy khae t.heoquyetdinh ella Bang kiem.

7. Phai do va I~p s6 lieu dU'ang kinh Ian nh~t va nho nh~t cLla tn,Jctreo moe t<;livi tri eoren va khOng co renoNeu phat hien hao men ho~c gl thi phai ghi I~i vellobien ban. Haomen eho phep Ian nh~t cLladU'ang kinh <tlnhren la 5% so vai dU'cmgkinh ban d~u.

8. "SI! hU'hong" bao gOm hU'hong eO'khi, gi ho$c men qua giai h<;lneho phep, bien d~nghoae ho~t dOng khOngtran tru.

Chu thich:

NtJucac m6c c6 e cu (lu(,Ychan vao trl,1ctreo m6c thi pM; lo~i b6 sau 2 nam sl} dl,1ng.

65

Ph.., luc 14.3PhlJ'O'ng phap bit c6c cap chuan

BLtoc 1:Sat CDCcap th(t nM't tal vi tri dau cap. Phan U congquay va phfa dau cap. Xiet ch~t e cu.

BLtoc 2:Sat CDCcap th(t 2, canq gan khuyen cap cang tot.Phan U cong quay va phia dau cap. Xiet nhe e cu,khOngdlJ<;'cxiet chat.

BLtoc 3:Sat CDCcap con lai, Khoang each giiJa cac CDCcapeach dau nhau so vC1ihai CDCcap dau.

~

BLtoc 4:Keo cap va xiet chat tat ca cac CDCcap theo dungmomen xoan quy d!nh.

BLtoc 5:Ki~m tra lai momen xoan e cu sau khi cap treo moediroc dLtavao sa dl,lng.

66

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Phl;J ll;Jc 14.4Cac m6c c6 mAt xoay ho,c khuyen treo ho,c true treo

M6e e6 khuYElntreo M6e e6 miflt xoay M6e e6 true treoCae vung ki~m tra moe treo

Ki~m tra hi$n tL1<;1ng"mermi~ng" moe

Ki~m tra sL1hao menva vet rurt .

@-- Phan quay cua mOt xoay

67

QCVN 22: 201O/~GTVT

Phl:lll:lC 15.1H~ng muc ki~m tra cum puly dan treo moe co 6 deYxoay

(Dung theo hU'ang d~n cua Phu luc 15.2 va 15.3)

1. 6 da bi xoay: Ki~m tra 6 bi hoat dong tron tru.

2. Thanh chong tuct cap: Ki~m tra phat hi~mSI)' hU'hong.

3. Phai loai bo hoac sua chua moe treo thi~u thanh chong tuot cap.

4. Thi~t b] an toan: Phai co du cac thi~t bi an toan (1tranq thcii heat dong tot.

ChI) thich:

Khi fap rap fa; Gau tv do cua day cap co <) nem cap thi pM;:

1. X;~t fa; coc bat cap ntur hinh ve neu trong Phu luc 14. 3, tioec

2. £)(J Gau cap tv do co ch;eu da; tir 150 - 225 mm.

;

68


PhV Ive 15.2HU'ang din ki~m tra cum puly dan treo moe eo 0 d& xoay

1. Phai ki~m tra than moe d~ phat hi~!nman hoac gi. N~u phat hi~n th~y man ho~c gl thiphai ghi chep lai vao bien ban.

2. Phai ki~m tra b~ng mcit thLY6'ngthan moe d~ phat hi~n bi~n d~ng xoan.

3. Phai do khoang each ma mi~ng cua moe "t" qua khoang each nho nhat cua n6 va sosanh voi khoanq each ban dau. Vi~c ma rong ella mi~ng moe do man, bi~n d~nghoac gi phal dLYO'cghi chap lai vao bien ban.

4. Phai mai nhan cac v~t XLY&c,v~t cat. LLYUy tranh xay ra hien tLYO'ngqua nhi~t va thaydOi nhieu ti~t di~n cua chi ti~t. MQicOng viec sua chua d€!u pMi dLYQ'cghi chap laivao bien ban.

5. Phai ki~m tra do sau cua cac v~t mit. N~u chieu sau cLla no nho han ph~m vi haomon cho phap thi phai mai d~n day v~t nlit, v&i Sl)' dbng If clla £lang ki~m. N~u chieusau cua no I&n han ph~m vi hao mon cho phep thl phai loai bo.

6. Phai ti~n hanh ki~m tra b~ng b¢t tu ho~c cac phLYO'ngphap ki~m tra khOng pha huykhae theo quy~t dinh clla £lang ki~m. .•

7. Phai do va ghi chap dLY6'ngkinh I&n nh~t va nho nhat ella vi tri co ren.va vi trf khOngc6 renoN~u co hi~n tLYQ'ngmon ho~c gi thi phai ghi chep lai VaGbien ban. Hao m~n -cho phep I&n nhfd clla dLYcyngkinh dTnhren la 5% sO'v&i dLY6'ngkinh ban dau.

8. Phai ti~n hanh ki~m tra va dam bao ding vu ma da dLYQ'Clap va ho~t dong khCng bitac nghen. Phai do va ghi chep VaG biim ban chieu day clla ma pu Iy.

9. Phai do va ghi dLY6'ngkinh I&n nhat va nhe nhltt cua tn,Jcpu Iy.

10. Phai tilln hanh ki~m tra bang bot tu ma pu Iy va ch6t xoay.

11. Phai ki~m tra 0 bi dO'xoay bang mat thLY6'ngd~ phat hi~n hU'hong.

12. "SI)' hLYhong" bao gbm ca hU'hong cO'khf, bi~n d~ng ho~e hOatdong kh6ng trO'ntru.

13. "Thi~t bi an toan" bao gbm ca ch6t che, bu lOng, dai 6c... dung d~ lien k~t toan b¢cl,lm pu Iy treo moc. T~t ca cac tn,Jcd€!uphai co chieu dai phu hQ'pva n~u can thi~tpMi co b~c 16td~ ch6ng mai mono

Chu thich:

Trong mQi IrU'&ng hgp, kh6ng dU'(Jcphep mai v~t li~u qua gi&i h9n hao mon chophep.

. .

69

•

QCVN 22: ~01O/BGTVT

PhlJ IlJc 15.3CVm puly dOln treo mec c6 {, de)!xoay

cTrue co vau

oTrue co dau tren va chat che

6 da xoay

True Puly va e cu

Tam cbiu hrc

Moe treo

TRI,lC PULY

I rTrl,lc co vau va chat che

True co dau va e cu sau canh

70

QCVN 22: 20;lO/BGTVT

PhI} lI}e 16.1H~ng rnuc ki6m tra cum puly treo moe

I D~n9H~ng mlJc

khuy~t t.tTieu chuAn lo~i b6

,

I

1. Than moe Mon I Gi DOi v6'i vung A, n~u men qua 10% chi~u day ban dau thl phailo~i boo

D6i v6'ivung B, n~umon qua 5% chieu day ban dau thl ph8i lo~ibo.

I (xem Phl,l luc 9.1)I

2. True ngang Mon / or NEwb] men qua 5% dU'ang kinh ban dau thl phai loal bo.

3. TMn moe xoan BAt ky 51! xoan nao theo true m6c d~u phai loai bo.

4. Mi~ng m6c BiEmd~ng Bat kl "SI! ma mieng m6c" nao do dl1Q'cd~u phai lo~i bo

5. Trl,lc m6c Mon I Gi Bat kl 51! hao men dU'cyngkinh nao qua 5% dU'ang kinh ban daud~u bi leal bo,

_._--- .._ ..._ ...._ ..._ ....._ ..._ ..._-6. TMn m6c hoac HU'hong co khl BAt ky 51! hU'hong nao anh hl16'ng dElnd¢ an toan. I

true ngang

7. Than moc, N(Pt N~u xuat hi~n bat ki v~t n(Ptnao d~u phili lo~i bo.

itrl,lc ngang

8. Ren trl,lc I Dai oc Mon I Gi Neu ren bi mon qua 5% chi~u cao ren ban dflU thl phai 10<;libo.,

9. Trl,lc puly Mon I Gi N~u bi mon qua 5% dU'ang kinh ban dau thi phai lo~i bo.

10.0 bi dO'va Mon I Bien d~ng Bat kl dau hi~u khac thU'ang v~ mon hol\lc bien dang d~u dU'Q'cma nj xoay thay thEl

11. Pu Iy Mon I HU'hong Bat kl dau hieu khac thU'ang nao nhU'vet Ian cLiacap tr~n pu Iyco khj d~u dU'Q'cthay the (Xem hlnh ve trang sau)

12. Ma pu Iy Mon I Gr, hU' Neu bi mon qua 5% chi~u day a bat ki vi tri nao cung phai 10~1bo.hong co khi

13. Bu lOng Noi chung Neu bi mon qua 5% dl1ang kjnh a bat ki vi tri nao cung phai lo~ibo.

14. Thanh chong N6i chung KhOng dU'Q'cc6 dau hi$u hU' hong nao. Neu kh6ng c6 thanhtu¢t cap. chong tu¢t cap thl phai lo~i bo ho~c slYachCi'a.

15. Thiet bi an toan N6ichung TAt ca cac thiet bi an toan pMi c6 day du va 6' tr~ng thai tot.I

71

•


• Sa tnri1ng hQ'pmai men khong binh thU'i1ng eua ranh puly

(a)

•

(b) (c)

Chu thich:

(a) Mai man a6i x&ng tren ca 2m~t cue ranh: tnronq hop nay thoong te do bankinh cua ranh puly nhd, nhU'flg cimg co the do goc xien cua day cap quaIon;

(b) Mai man a6i x{mg t~p trung nhifJu vao aay renn puly: thong thoong troonghOp nay la do ban kinh cua ranh puly qua Ion;

(c) Mai man khong aOix&ng tren mot m~t: thoong xay ra khi ma treo cua pulykhong awc tir do, puly khong awc a~t tir do trang m~t ph~ng duoc teo b&i2 chieu cise day (trang troong hop kh6ng co mAt xoay). Trang tfU'(ynghOpnay, ma treo cua pu/y phBi awc kiem tra ky.

r

72

•

QCVN 22: 2010/BGTVT

Ph~I~e16.2HU'cYngdin kiim tra cum puly treo moe

1. PMi ki~m tra than moe bang mat thU'cyngd~ phat hi~n men ho~c gf. N~u phathi~n Sl,J' rnon hoac gi thl phai ghi chep lai voi moe do danh gia v~ chieu s~u/rOng.

2. Phai ki~m tra than moe bang mat thU'cyngdll phat hi~n Sl,J' xoan moe.

3. Phai do khoang each ma mi~ng cua moe "t" qua khoang each nho nh~t cua no vaso sanh voi khoimg each ban d~u. Vi~c ma rong cua mi~ng moe do rnon, bi~nd~ng hoac gTphai dU'Q'cghi chep I~i vao bien ban.

4. Bt:.tkl dau hi~u v~t nLrt nao d~u phai do chi~u sau cua no. Neu chi~u sau vet nLrtnho hon do hao rnon cho phep theo kich thuoc tU'O'ngL:rngthi phai mai s~ch vetnlrt cho den day, vai SI! dOng y cua Dang ki~m. Neu chi~u sau vet nlrt Ian hO'ndo hao mon cho phep thi phai lo~i bo.

5. Phai mai s~ch bat kl vet cat, ranh khia nao. Clm phai tMn trong d~ tranh tinhtr~ng qua nhi~t va phai tien hanh mai nghieng d~ tranh gay bien dbi Ian ti~t di~ncua chi tiet mai. Moi cOngvi~c sLYach(1aphai dU'Q'cghi vao bien ban.

6. Phai do dc;lCdU'cyngkinh Ian nhat va nho nhat cua ca hai vi tri tn,Jcco ren vakhong co ren rOi ghi vao bien ban. DOmon cLla ren dU'Q'ctfnh t6i da la 5% chi~ucao ren ban d~u.

7. Phai kiem tra b bi da de pMt hi~n bien d~ng ho~c hao mon qua gi6'i h~n chophep. Phai kiem tra h~ th6ng boi trO'ndam bao lam vi~c binh thU'cyngva cac vuma phai a tr~ng thai thong.

8. Phai kiem tra puly a tr~ng thai quay trO'ntrU'ac khi thao. Phai ki~m tra cac mep vaday ranh puly de pMt hi~n cac mai mon kMc thU'CYng.

9. Cac ma puly, vong cach Iy, tam giang phai dU'Q'Cki~m tra hao mon chi~u day domon, gi ho~c hU'hong cO'khf. Chi~u day Ian nh~t va nho nhat cLlamOih~ng ml,lCphcii dU'Q'cdo va ghi chep I~i.

10. "HU' hong" bao g6m ca hU' hong cO'khi, bien d~ng ho~c ho~t dong khong binhthU'Crng.

11. "Thiet bi an toan" bao g6m ch6t che, bu long, dai bc... dung d~ lien ket toan boCl,lmpuly treo moc v6'i nhau. T~t ca cac tn,Jcd~u phai co chi~u dai phu hQ'pvan~u c~n thiet phai co b~c lot dll chOngmai mono

Chu thich:

Trong mQ; lrwng hqp, kh6ng aWe phep ma; v~t li~u vUQ'tqua gia; helmhao manehophep.

•

73

k quychuankythu~tquocgm phuong ti~n, thiet

Documents