k. radner, high visibility punishment and deterrent: impalement in assyrian warfare and legal...

28
Zeitschrift für Altorientalische und Biblische Rechtsgeschichte Journal for Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Law Herausgegeben von Reinhard Achenbach, Hans Neumann und Eckart Otto 21 · 2015 Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden 

Upload: nerakrendar

Post on 07-Jul-2018

218 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 1/28

Zeitschrift für

Altorientalische und BiblischeRechtsgeschichte

Journal for Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Law

Herausgegeben von Reinhard Achenbach, Hans Neumannund Eckart Otto

21 · 2015

Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden 

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 2/28

Inhaltsverzeichnis

I. STRAFRECHT IM ALTEN ORIENT 

BIRGIT CHRISTIANSEN 

Zwischen Abschreckung, Vergeltung und Wiedergutmachung –

Strafen und Strafandrohungen in Kulturen des Altertums.

Interdisziplinäre Tagung am Center for Advanced Studies der LMU

München, 19. – 21. Februar 2014 .......................................................................... 1

GUIDO PFEIFER  

Urkunden, Untaten, Urteile – Sanktionen gegen die missbräuchliche

Verwendung von Beweisdokumenten in alt- und neubabylonischer Zeit ............. 15

LENA FIJA!KOWSKA 

Penal Clauses in Contracts from Late Bronze Age Syria .................................... 25

BIRGIT CHRISTIANSEN 

„Früher war er ein von Bienen Zerstochener. Jetzt aber gibt er

6 Schekel Silber“: Sanktionen und Sanktionsprinzipien in der

Hethitischen Rechtssammlung ............................................................................ 31

K AREN R ADNER  

High Visibility Punishment and Deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian Warfare

and Legal Practice ............................................................................................... 103

MARTIN LANG 

Geistes- und religionshistorische Hintergründe von Strafpraktikenim Alten Mesopotamien ...................................................................................... 129

ASTRID R UPP 

Verbote und Strafzahlungen auf Grabinschriften am

Beispiel von Aphrodisias ..................................................................................... 143

A NDREAS SCHILLING 

 Nemo prudens punit quia peccatum est sed ne peccetur –

Strafen und Strafzwecke im römischen Strafrecht .............................................. 159

HANS VAN ESS 

Strafe und Strafandrohung im alten China .......................................................... 177

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 3/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.*45/,1)0/0.* ". 6''+3"1. 7138130 1.2 )0#1) ,319*"90

:130. ;12.03 <=>.2>.?

5. />203. *"/0'@ *7> 8>3/' >8 91,"*1) ,-."'$/0.* ,319*"'02 ". *$0 6''+3"1. A/,"30 $1&0 ,3>8>-.2)+ ".8)-0.902 *$0 1''0''/0.* >8 *$"' '*1*0 1' -'".# 0B90''"&0@ -.2"88030.*"1*02 (3-*1)"*+ ". 9>.C-03".# 1.2 9>.*3>))".# *$0 D"22)0 A1'* 1.2 *$0 A1'*03. D02"*0331.01. 83>/*$0 E*$  *> *$0 F*$ 90.*-3+ GH4 8)1+".# 1.2 "/,1)0/0.*I 6)*$>-#$ *$"' ,1,03 7")) *>-9$ >.8)1+".# 1* *"/0'@ 5 $1&0 9$>'0. *> 8>9-' >. "/,1)0/0.*@ 1' "*' -'0 71' .>* 30'*3"9*02 *> 713J8130 (-* 1)'> 1,,)"02 1' 1 *>>) >8 6''+3"1. )0#1) ,319*"90I K$"' /120 *$0 *>,"9 1 #>>2 8"* 8>3 1

9>.8030.90 1"/".# *> 2"'9-'' ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 *$0 *$301* >8 ,-."'$/0.* ". *$0 9>.*0B* >820*0330.*@ 30*1)"1*">. 1.2 9>/,0.'1*">.IL 

5.*3>2-9*">.

M03$1,' ". 9>.*31'* *> 6''+3"1N' />203. 30,-*1*">. 8>3 *$0 -'0 >8 2"',3>,>3*">.1*0 93-0)*+@1**0'*1*">.' 8>3 "/,1)0/0.* ". *$0 6''+3"1. A/,"30 130 30)1*"&0)+ 3130)+ 2>9-/0.*02 ". *$0'>-390'I O0 '$1)) '00 *$1* *$030 71' .> /1'' "/,1)0/0.*@ 1' 70 /-'* 9>3309* *$0 >.0 '-,J ,>'02 308030.90 *> '-9$ 1 ,319*"90 P 1 81&>-3"*0 ,1''1#0 *> "))-'*31*0 /".2)0'' 6''+3"1.&">)0.90 '".90 *$0 30)0&1.* *0B* 71' 8"3'* *31.')1*02 1* *$0 0.2 >8 *$0 LE *$ 90.*-3+I Q.)"R0 ,30&">-' '*-2"0'@S *$0 8>))>7".# ,1,03 "' (1'02 *> *$0 (0'* >8 /+ R.>7)02#0 >. *$0 1''0''J/0.* >8 *$0 9>/,)0*0 ,3"/13+ '>-390 (1'"'@ (3".#".# *>#0*$03 (>*$ *0B*-1) 1.2 8"#-31) 0&"J

20.90I O$0. 1''0/()".# *$0 *0B* '>-390'@ 5 $1&0 0/,)>+02 1 )0B"9>#31,$"91) 1,,3>19$ *$1*8>9-'02 >. *$0 *7> 7>32' -'02 ". 6''+3"1. *0B*' 8>3 T'*1R0UI K$0 *03/' V1C ī   ,-  <83>/ *$0&03( V1C ā  ,- T*> 0309*U? 1.2  #1W ī  W-   <83>/ *$0 &03(  #1W ā W- T*> 9-* >88U? 130 -'02 ". '0&0.30)0&1.* 0B,30''">.'4X 

1.1 V1C ī   ," V1C ā  ,- <Y5IL? P ".'93",*">.' >8 *$0 E*$ 90.*-3+ GH1.1 V1C ī   ," W1)(Z <Y5ILI9? P ".'93",*">.' >8 *$0 E*$ 90.*-3+ GH

L T[7"'9$0. 6('9$309R-.#@ \03#0)*-.# -.2 O"0203#-*/19$-.#4 ]*3180. -.2 ]*3181.23>$-.#0. ". 1.*"JR0. :-)*-30.UI D+ *$1.R' *> *$0 >3#1."'03 G"3#"* H$3"'*"1.'0. 8>3 *$0 R".2 ".&"*1*">.I

S ^1&"2 Q''"'$R".N' <S__X? 2"'9-''">. >8 *$0 "/,1)02 /0. ". *$0 20,"9*">. >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 =19$"'$ "'199>/,1."02 (+ 1 &03+ (3"08 (-* 1)'> ".9>/,)0*0 '-3&0+ >8 '>/0 >*$03 20,"9*">.' >8 "/,1)0/0.* ".6''+3"1. 13*I H13)+ H3>-9$N' />.>#31,$ O13 1.2 A*$"9' ". *$0 6.9"0.* `013 A1'*4 D")"*13+ \">)0.90 ".

="#$* >8 H>'/>)>#+ 1.2 !"'*>3+   <S__E?@ 1 9>/,131*"&0 '*-2+ >8 6''+3"1@ 5'310) 1.2 a-21$@ 9>.'"203''>/0 >8 *$0 30)0&1.* ".'93",*">.' 1.2 30)"08'@ (-* 2-0 *> *$0 9$3>.>)>#"91) '9>,0 >8 $03 '*-2+ >.)+ 83>/*$0 30"#. >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555 >.7132'I K$0 139$"&1) /1*03"1)' P )0**03' 1.2 1 )0#1) 2>9-/0.* P $1&0.0&03 (00. '-(b09*02 *> 1 20*1")02 '*-2+I

X 6' 0&03@ 5 1/ #31*08-) *> ]"/> M13,>)1 8>3 -'0 >8 *$0 !0)'".R" H>3,-' >8 ̀ 0>J6''+3"1. K0B*'I

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 4/28

:130. ;12.03104

1.1 V1C ī   ," W ē )Z <Y5Ic? P ".'93",*">.' >8 *$0 d*$ 90.*-3+ GH1.1 V1C ī   ," W1R ā .- <Y55IS? P 139$"&1) *0B*' ". 6''+3"1. 1.2 G1(+)>."1.V1C ā  ,- <Y55IX? P 139$"&1) *0B* ". 6''+3"1.

".1 #1W ī  W" 31**Z <Y5IS? P ".'93",*">.' >8 *$0 E*$

 90.*-3+ GH1.1 #1W ī  W" 1) ā )- <Y5Ie 1.2 Y55IL?  P ".'93",*">.' >8 *$0 F*$ 90.*-3+ GH

6* )01'* *> *$0 />203. /".2@ *$030 "' 1 9)013 2"88030.90 (0*700. R"))".# (+ "/,1)0/0.*>. 1 '*1R0 1.2 *$0 9>.90,*-1))+ 9)>'0)+ 30)1*02 (-* .>.0*$0)0'' 2"'*".9* ,319*"90 >8 2"'J ,)1+".# 9>3,'0' >. 1 '*1R0I K$0 ,$31'0' ".1 #1W ī  W" 31**Z 1.2 1.1 #1W ī  W" 1) ā )- >.)+ 0&03 30803*> *$0 2"',)1+".# >8 9>3,'0' >. '*1R0'@ 1' *$0 &"9*"/' 130 '1"2 *> (0 2012 1)3012+I f. *$0>*$03 $1.2@ *$030 130 ".'*1.90' 7$0. *$0 ,$31'0' 1.1 V1C ī   ," V1C ā  ,- 1.2 1.1 V1C ī   ," W ē )Z 13020/>.'*31()+ -'02 8>3 19*-1) "/,1)0/0.*@ 1' *$0 ,-."'$/0.* "' ".8)"9*02 >. &"9*"/' *$1* 130-.0C-"&>91))+ 208".02 1' 1)"&0 1* *$0 (0#"..".# >8 *$0 ,3>902-30I !>70&03@ *$"' "' .>*1)71+' *$0 91'0 1.2 "* '00/' *$1* *$0 2"'*".9*">. (0*700. "/,1)0/0.* 1.2 2"',)1+".# >89>3,'0' 71' .>* 1' 9)013J9-* ". *$0 6''+3"1. *03/".>)>#+ 1' *$0 />203. 9>//0.*1*>3 /1+7"'$I

!>70&03@ "* "' )"R0)+ *$1*  #1W ī  W- 1.2 V1C ī   ,-  130 .>* 0B19* '+.>.+/'@ 1' 1)'> *$0 )0B"J9>#31,$"91) *312"*">. .0&03 )".R' *$0 *7> *03/'Ic K$0 *+,0 >8 ,>)0 91))02  #1W ī  W- /1+ 70))20.>*0 1 7>>20. 20&"90 -'02 0B9)-'"&0)+ *> $>)2 -, 1.2 ,-* >. &"07 1 2012 (>2+@ g  1'20,"9*02 ". '90.0' >. *$0 30)"08' >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555 <3I FcgJFSF GH?@ ]13#>. 55 <3I FSLJF_g GH? 1.2 ]0..19$03"( <3I F_gJe_L GH?I 699>32".# *> *$0'0 20,"9*">.'@ *$"' *+,0 >8 #"(J (0* 71' KJ'$1,02 <Y5Ig?I K$0 20&"90 91))02 V1C ī   ,- @ >. *$0 >*$03 $1.2@ 7>-)2 '00/ *> 20.>*01 '"/,)0 7>>20. '*1R0 -'02 8>3 R"))".# (+ "/,1)0/0.*@ 1' 20,"9*02 >. *$0 G1)171* h1*0' >8]$1)/1.0'03 555 <Y5IX?@ 7$"9$ 9>-)2 1)'> (0 0/,)>+02 8>3 0B$"("*".# 2012 (>2"0'I 5. 1.+91'0@ "* 7>-)2 (0 *>> 31'$ *> 1''-/0 *$1* 1)) 0B,30''">.' 8>3/02 7"*$ *$"' *03/ 1)71+' ".2"J91*0 1. 0B09-*">. (+ "/,1)0/0.*@ 1)*$>-#$ ". ,319*"90 *$"' /1+ >8*0. $1&0 (00. *$0 91'0I

G0 *$1* 1' "* /1+@ 19*-1) "/,1)0/0.* "' 1**0'*02 *$3>-#$>-* *$0 "/,03"1) ,03">2 83>/ *$0E*$ *> *$0 F*$ 90.*-3+ GHI 5* 71' 1 &03+ ,-()"9 1.2 $"#$)+ &"'"()0 8>3/ >8 0B09-*".# 1 ,03'>.I699>32".# *> *$0 ,"9*>3"1) 0&"20.90 2"'9-''02 ". Y5IS@ *$0 .1R02 ,03'>. 71' ,>'"*">.02 >.*>, >8 1 )>.#@ ,3>(1()+ '$13,0.02 7>>20. '*1R0 *$1* 0.*0302 *$0 )>703 (>2+ (0*700. *$0)0#'@ ,30'-/1()+ 1* *$0 309*-/I K$"' 91. (0 20'93"(02 1' )>.#"*-2".1) "/,1)0/0.*I ^01*$7>-)2 $1&0 (00. *$0 -.1&>"21()0 30'-)* >8 *$"' ,3>902-30@ >.90 '0* ". />*">.@ (-* 2+".#7>-)2 $1&0 (00. 1 ,3>*319*02@ 0B*30/0)+ 1#>."V".# 1881"3 *$1* 9>-)2 ,>*0.*"1))+ )1'* $>-3'@ "8.>* 21+'I K$0 819* *$1* *$0 2+".# 7030 '0* -, $"#$ 1(>&0 #3>-.2 1.2 -'-1))+ ". 0B,>'02 ,)190' 71' /01.* *> #-131.*00 $"#$ &"'"(")"*+ *> *$0 ".*0.202 1-2"0.90I O0 91. 208".0 "/J ,1)0/0.* 1' 1 20)"(031*0)+ 0B*30/0 8>3/ >8 91,"*1) ,-."'$/0.* *$1* ,)190' ,30/"-/ "/J ,>3*1.90 >. *$0 ',09*19)0 >8 1 $"#$)+ ,-()"9 R"))".#I

5. />'* >8 *$0 1&1")1()0 '>-390'@ "/,1)0/0.* "' 2"309*02 1#1".'* .>.J6''+3"1. 0.0/"0'". *$0 9>.*0B* >8 '"0#0 7138130 <Y5?I !>70&03@ "/,1)0/0.*@ (0 "* *$301*0.02 >3 "/,)0/0.*02@'03&02 1)'> *> 2"'9",)".0 '-(b09*' >8 *$0 6''+3"1. R".# 7"*$". *$0 6''+3"1. A/,"30 <Y55?I

c H6^ h ge 'I&I #1W ī  W- Ig 6)*$>-#$ *$0 <)"/"*02? f)2 G1(+)>."1. 0&"20.90 "' (0+>.2 *$0 '9>,0 >8 >-3 ,1,03 *$"' /1+ 1)'> 1,,)+ *>

*$0 9)1-'0 ". *$0 H>20B !1//-31(" *$1* -'0' *$0 0B,30''">. ".1 #1W ī  W"/ W1R ā .-/ ". *$0 9>.*0B* >8 ,-."'$".# 1. 12-)*030''4 H! YLgXI

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 5/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 105

5I 5/,1)0/0.* >8 )"&0 1.2 2012 0.0/"0' ". 6''+3"1. '"0#0 7138130

K$"' '09*">. 7")) ,30'0.* 0&"20.90 8>-.2 ". *$0 3>+1) ".'93",*">.' 1.2 "/,03"1) 13* >8 *$06''+3"1. A/,"30 8>3 "/,1)0/0.* ". 6''+3"1. 7138130I K$0 1**0'*1*">.' 130 ,30'0.*02 ".'09*">.' 8>))>7".# 1 3>-#$)+ 9$3>.>)>#"91) >3203 *$1* 201) 7"*$ ',09"8"9 0B,30''">.' <Y5IL@Y5IS@ Y5Ic 1.2 Y5Ie? 1.2 8>3/' >8 ,"9*>3"1) 30,30'0.*1*">. <Y5IX 1.2 Y5Ig?I

5IL%1.1%V1Cī, %V1C ,-%T*>% /,1)0%>.%1%'*1R0U% .%6''-3.1' 3,1)%55N'% .'93 ,* >.'%

K$0 *03/ 1.1 V1C ī   ," V1C ā  ,- T*> "/,1)0 >. 1 '*1R0U 1,,013' ". 8>-3 2"'*".9* .1331*"&0' ". *$03>+1) ".'93",*">.' >8 6''-3.1'"3,1) 55 <3I ddSPdgE GH?I O$0. *$0 &"9*"/' >8 *$"' ,3>902-30130 "20.*"8"02 1' T1)"&0U@ 1' "' *$0 91'0 1* 6/02" 1.2 Q21 ". dee <Y5ILI1?@ *$030 "' .> 2>-(**$1* *$0+ 7030 (0".# 0B09-*02I !>70&03@ ". *$0 30,>3* >. *$0 0&0.*' 1* ]-3- ". ddS GH<Y5ILI9?@ *$0 '1/0 ,$31'0 "' -'02 7$0. 9>3,'0' 7030 (0".# 31"'02 >. '*1R0'I O$0*$03 *$0"/,1)02 7030 1)"&0 >3 2012 1* M"*-31 ". dFE GH 30/1".' -.9)013 <Y5ILI(?I

5ILI1I K$0 '"0#0' >8 6/02" 1.2 Q21 ". dee GH

5. dee GH@ 6''-3.1'"3,1) *7"90 -'02 *$0 "/,1)0/0.* >8 91,*"&0 0.0/+ *3>>,' 1' 1 /01.' *>8>390 9"*"0' ".*> '-(b-#1*">.I G>*$ ".'*1.90' *>>R ,)190 ". *$0 '*31*0#"91))+ 1.2 09>.>/"91))+"/,>3*1.* Q,,03 K"#3"' 30#">.@ 7$"9$ 6''-3.1'"3,1) /01.* *> (3".# 209"'"&0)+ -.2036''+3"1. 9>.*3>)I !0 8"3'* -'02 "/,1)0/0.* 2-3".# *$0 '"0#0 >8 6/02" </>203. ^"+13(1R"3?@*$0 3>+1) 9"*+ >8 5)1.- >8 G"*J[1/1." 1.2 *$0 />'* "/,>3*1.* '0**)0/0.* >. *$0 Q,,03 K"#3"'@1.2 )1*03 2-3".# *$0 '1/0 91/,1"#. 1* *$0 '"0#0 >8 Q21@ *$0 8>3*"8"02 9"*+ >8 =1( !-3- >8 `"32-.@ 1 *".+ R".#2>/ ". *$0 .>3*$03. 3019$0' >8 *$0 K-3 6(2". 31.#0I

K$0 1..1)"'*"9 ".'93",*">. ".'93"(02 >. *$0 71))' >8 *$0 `".-3*1 *0/,)0 1* :1)$- '*1*0'*$1* T5 "/,1)02 >. '*1R0' )"&0 *3>>,' 13>-.2 $"' 9"*+@U 308033".# *> *$0 3-)03' 5)1.- 1.2=1(!-3-@ 30',09*"&0)+Ie  6* 6/02"@ *$0 "/,1)0/0.* 71' 9>/(".02 7"*$ ,")".# -, $012*3>,$"0' ". 83>.* >8 *$0 9"*+ #1*0@ $13&0'*02 83>/ 0.0/+ *3>>,' ')1". 2-3".# *$0 ,30&">-'91,*-30 >8 .013(+ ^1/21//-'1@ 1.2 *$0 9-**".# 2>7. >8 83-"* *300' ". *$0 >39$132' '-3J

3>-.2".# *$0 9"*+I 6' ]*0&0. H>)0 <LEEF? $1' '$>7.@ *$0 #312-1) 1.2 ,-()"9 9-**".# 2>7.>8 1 9"*+N' 83-"* *300' 2-3".# 1 '"0#0 71' 20'"#.02 *> ,03'-120 *$0 ".$1("*1.*' *> '-330.203 P b-'* )"R0 *$0 0C-1))+ #312-1) 1.2 ,-()"9 R"))".# >8 *$0"3 9>-.*3+/0. (+ "/,1)0/0.*I G>*$6/02" 1.2 Q21 '-(/"**02 *> *$0 6''+3"1. 1**19RI

5ILI(I K$0 '"0#0 >8 M"*-31 ". dFE GH

6. 013)"03 ,1''1#0 ". *$0 '1/0 ".'93",*">.@ 1)'> 30)1*".# 0&0.*' ". *$0 Q,,03 K"#3"' 30#">.@-'0' *$0 ,$31'0 1.1 V1C ī   ," V1C ā  ,- ". *$0 9>.*0B* >8 *$0 91,*-30 >8 M"*-31 ". dFE GH@ 1 8>3*"J8"02 9"*+ >8 *$0 )1.2 >8 ^"33-4 T5 "/,1)02 >. '*1R0' F__ *3>>,' >,,>'"*0 >8 *$0"3 9"*+ #1*0IU F 6' ". *$0 91'0 >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 6/02" ". dee GH@ *$0 "/,1)0/0.* "' 9>/(".02 7"*$ *$0$01,".# -, >8 $012 *3>,$"0'@ '1"2 *> $1&0 (00. *1R0. 83>/ d__ 0.0/+ *3>>,'I

e ;5D6 S .>I L_LIL4 """ L_d4 =iIA;j̀ IDAk K5I=6IDAk ".1 (1J1*J*-J(1J1*J*0 Wl  Q;QJWm 1J.1  h5kIV"JC"J  ," )- mJV1JC"J," n ;5D6 S .>I L_LIL4 """ LLS4 =iIA;j`IDAk K5I=6IDAk ".1 (1J*-J(1*J*0 oQ;pQJWm 1J.1  h5kIV"JC"J," mJV1JC"J," I

F ;5D6 S .>I L_LIL "" L_E4 FJ/0  A;j`IDAk ".1 ,-J-*  :qIh6=JWmJ.- 1J.1  h5kIV"JC"J," mJV1JC", I

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 6/28

:130. ;12.03106

Q.)"R0 1* 6/02" 1.2 Q21 ". dee <Y5ILI1? 1.2 1* ]-3- ". ddS <Y5ILI9?@ 6''-3.1'"3,1)N'#>1) 1* M"*-31 71' .>* *$0 '-(/"''">. >8 *$0 9"*+ (-* "*' *>*1) 20'*3-9*">.4 T5 31V02@ 20'*3>+021.2 *-3.02 ".*> 3-". $"))' *$0 9"*+IUd K$0 199>-.* >8 *$0 9"*+N' 91,*-30 9>.9)-20' 7"*$ *$0 (-3.".# >8 M"*-31N' +>-.# (>+' 1.2 #"3)'@ 23"&".# $>/0 *$0 ,>".* *$1* *$0 6''+3"1. 13/+

71' .>* 0&0. ".*030'*02 ". ',13".# *$0 9"&")"1. ,>,-)1*">.@ .0"*$03 *> '03&0 1' )>91) 1))"0' .>3*> (0 20,>3*02 (19R *> 6''+3"1I 5/,1)0/0.* 71' $030 .>* 1 /01.' >8 8>39".# 1 (0'"0#02 9"*+".*> 91,"*-)1*">.n ".'*012@ "* *>>R ,)190 18*03 *$0 91,*-30 $12 (00. 19$"0&02@ 20'"#.02 *>'0.2 1 /0''1#0 *> *$0 0.*"30 )1.2 >8 ^"33-@ 7$>'0 T8"8*+ 9"*"0'U 7030 '-('0C-0.*)+ '-(b-J#1*02 (+ *$0 6''+3"1. 13/+I

K$0 199>-.* >8 *$0 *1R".# >8 M"*-31 "' 1)'> ".9)-202 ". *$0 ".'93",*">. >. 6''-3.1'"3,1)N'3>+1) '*0)0 83>/ *$0 `"/3-2 *0/,)0I G-* $030@ ".'*012 >8 *$0 F__ /0.*">.02 ". *$0 *0/,)0N'71)) ".'93",*">.@ >.)+ 8"&0 /0. 130 '1"2 *> $1&0 (00. "/,1)02 >. '*1R0'IE K$"' "' -'-1))+9>.'"20302 1. 0.#31&".# /"'*1R0 8>3 F__@ #"&0. *$1* *$0 ".'93",*">. "' 3"22)02 7"*$ T1 '-3J ,3"'".# .-/(03 >8 033>3'U@ 0',09"1))+ ". "*' )1'* ,13*'@ 7$"9$ '-##0'*02 *> 6I:I h31+'>.<LEEL4 SXd? *$1* *$0 0.#31&03 T71' 7>3R".# $1'*")+ *> /00* 1 2012)".0UI !>70&03@ 70'$>-)2 1)'> (0 ,30,1302 *> 9>.'"203 *$1* *$0 .-/(03 >8 8"&0 /0. "' *$0 ".*0.202 >.0 7$0301'

*$0 .-/(03 ". *$0 `"/3-2 *0/,)0 71)) ".'93",*">. "' 1 /"'*1R0I 5. *$0 8>))>7".# )".0 >8 *$1*".'93",*">.@ *$030 "' 1 /0.*">. >8 F__ *3>>,'L_ >8 *$0 0.0/+ 8>390' (0".# R"))02 ". *$0 '-('0JC-0.* (1**)0 1* :-R-.-I 5 7>-)2 *$0308>30 13#-0 *$1* *$0 0.#31&03 >8 *$0 71)) ".'93",*">.'"/,)+ /"'9>,"02 *$0 .-/(03 83>/ *$1* )".0@ 1.2 .>* *$0 0.#31&03 >8 *$0 '*0)0 ".'93",*">.@7$>'0 9>.8-'".# >8 F__ 7"*$ g 7>-)2 (0 &03+ 2"88"9-)* *> 0B,)1".I K$0308>30@ >.)+ 8"&0 /0.7030 "/,1)02 1* M"*-31 ". dFE GHI

K$"' "' "/,>3*1.* 1' 309>#."V".# *$0 .-/(03 ". *$0 `"/3-2 *0/,)0 71)) ".'93",*">. 1' 1.0.#31&".# /"'*1R0 30/>&0' *$0 >.)+ ".'*1.90 >8 /1'' "/,1)0/0.* 83>/ *$0 6''+3"1. 0&"J20.90I K$"' ,-*' *$"' 1**0'*1*">. ". )".0 7"*$ *$0 30'* >8 *$0 '>-390'@ 83>/ 7$"9$ "/,1)0/0.*#0.031))+ 0/03#0' 1' 1 $"#$)+ '0)09*"&0 1.2 0B0/,)13+ 8>3/ >8 0B09-*">.I A&0. 7$0.'*1R0' 130 -'02 .>* *> R"))@ (-* >.)+ *> 2"',)1+ *$0 1)3012+ 2012 (>2+@ *$0 )0&0) >8 *09$."91) 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

=1'*)+@ 70 /-'* '*30'' *$1* "* 30/1".' -.9)013 7$0*$03 *$0 8"&0 /0. "/,1)02 1* M"*-317030 2012 >3 1)"&0 7$0. *$0+ 7030 31"'02 >. '*1R0' >,,>'"*0 >8 *$0 9"*+ #1*0I

d ;5D6 S .>I L_LIL "" L_EIE ;5D6 S .>I L_LILF "& dL4 g A;j`IDAk ".1 ,-J-*  :qIh6=JWmJ.- 1J.1  h5kIV"JC"J," mJV1JC"J," I

L_ ;5D6 S .>I L_LIL "" LL_4 FJ/0  A;j`IDAkI

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 7/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 107

5ILI9I K$0 '"0#0 >8 ]-3- ". ddS GH

6''-3.1'"3,1) 8"3'* -'02 "/,1)0/0.* ". *$0 +013 >8 $"' 1990''">.@ ". ddS GH@ 7$0. -,J3>>*".# *$0 .07 3-)03 >8 *$0 631/01. ,3".9",1)"*+ >8 G"*J!1)-,0 >. *$0 !1(-3 3"&03@ 1.6''+3"1. 9)"0.* '*1*0I !"' >7. ,0>,)0 $12 R"))02 *$0"3 ,3>J6''+3"1. R".# 1.2 *$0. ,3>J9)1"/02 1' *$0"3 /1'*03 1. >-*'"203 83>/ *$0 .0"#$(>3 ". *$0 70'*@ *$0 R".#2>/ >8 G"*J62"."@ 1. 0.0/+ '*1*0 >8 6''+3"1I 6' 1 9>.'0C-0.90@ 6''-3.1'"3,1) ,-* ]-3-@ *$0 91,"*1) 9"*+>8 G"*J!1)-,0@ -.203 '"0#0I K$0 199>-.* >8 *$0 30(0))">. ". G"*J!1)-,0 >.)+ 801*-30' ". *$0 `".-3*1 *0/,)0 71)) ".'93",*">. 83>/ :1)$-@ (-* "' *$030 ,30'0.*02 ". /-9$ 20*1")ILL 699>32".# *> *$1* 30,>3*@ *$0 .>()0' 1.2 0)203' C-"9R)+ 20809*02 1.2 '-(/"**02 *> *$0"36''+3"1. >&03)>32 7$> ',1302 *$0/I K$0 ,30*0.203 83>/ G"*J62"."@ 6$"J"1(1(1@ 1.2 $"''-,,>3*03' 7030 91,*-302@ 1.2 *$0 9"*+ 71' *1R0. 1.2 ,)1902 -.203 *$0 1-*$>3"*+ >8 1 )>91)/1. 9$>'0. (+ 6''-3.1'"3,1) 7$>'0 8>390' 0&0.*-1))+ 20,13*02 7"*$ 3"9$ ',>")'@ )01&".# (0$".2 *$0 R".#N' '*1*-0 ". *$0 ,1)190 >8 ]-3-I

G08>30 *-3.".# *> *$"' )1'* ,>".*@ *$0 199>-.* 20'93"(0' ". #301* 20*1") *$0 ,-."'$/0.*/0*02 >-* 1#1".'* *$0 -'-3,03 1.2 $"' '-,,>3*03' 7$> 7030 20.>-.902 1' 93"/".1)'LS  1.230(0)' 1#1".'* 6''-3.1'"3,1) ,03'>.1))+ILX K$0"3 81*0 71' 201*$ (-* 1 R0+ 2"'*".9*">. 71'

/120 30#132".# *$0 )>91)"*+ >8 *$0"3 0B09-*">.I f.)+ *$0 ,30*0.203 6$"J"1(1(1 71' '0.* *>*$0 6''+3"1. $013*)1.2@ *> (0 8)1+02 ". `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c 

dE 1J'"J*- ".1 ,-J-* :q Ih6=JWm 13J " ",=iIh6=IDAk 1/J/13  E_ "(J(1)JR"J*-J." 1JR-J " -  :QkIDAkJWmJ.- 1J'"J*- mJ$1)J)",  

1J.-J*0 ".1 krJ(" 1J'"J*0 mJ/1J#"#"  1J.-J*0 ".1  QhQ EL "J'"J*0 ".1 V"JC"J(0 mJV1JC",  1.J.-J*0 ".1 (1*J*-J(1*J*" Wl 1J'"J*0 ".1 V"JC"J(0 mJW1)J("  /1J1NJ2-J*0 ".1 ,"J3sR :Q; J"1  ES 1JR-J " -  :QkIDAkJWmJ.-  Gr^IDAkJ." mJ$1)J)",  Wl   =iIWl  P]6hIDAk Wl   =iIWl  P]6hPD6`IDAkJ."   A` $"J"J ! s Q[QIDAkJWmJ.-

mJ(1J*"C  

T5 (-")* 1 *>703 >,,>'"*0 $"' #1*0I5 8)1+02 *$0 .>()0'@ 1' /1.+ 1' $12 30(0))02 1#1".'* /0I5 9)>*$02 *$0 *>703 7"*$ *$0"3 'R".'I]>/0 5 ',3012 >-* 7"*$". *$0 *>703I

LL ;5D6 S .>I L_LIL " FgPEEILS ;5D6 S .>I L_LIL " dS4 A` $"J ! sI LX ;5D6 S .>I L_LIL 5 dEPE_4 1/J/13 "(J(1)JR"J*-J." ILc ;5D6 S .>I L_LIL " dEPESI

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 8/28

:130. ;12.03108

]>/0 5 "/,1)02 >. '*1R0' 1(>&0 *$0 *>703I]>/0 5 1331.#02 >. '*1R0' ". 1 9"39)0 <1.1 V1C ī   , ī   -W1)(t ? 13>-.2 *$0 *>703I5 8)1+02 /1.+ 193>'' /+ )1.2I5 9)>*$02 *$0 9"*+ 71))' 7"*$ *$0"3 'R".'I

5 9-* -, *$0 8)0'$ <0&0.? >8 93"/".1) 0-.-9$' 1.2 3>+1) 0-.-9$'IU

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 ,-."'$/0.* >8 *$0 ".'-3#0.*'@ 1.2 .>* *$0 9"*+ >8 ]-3- "*'0)8I ^"',)1+".# *$0 2012 >. 1.213>-.2 *$1* '*3-9*-30 /120 '-30 *$1* *$0 ".$1("*1.*' 30/1".02 &03+ 17130 >8 *$0 0&0.*' 1.2*$0"3 9>.'0C-0.90'@ (-* 2"2 .>* ,>))-*0 *$0 9"*+ ". *$0 '1/0 ,319*"91) 1.2 ,'+9$>)>#"91)71+' *$1* 0B$"("*".# *$0 9>3,'0' ". ]-3- "*'0)8 7>-)2 $1&0 2>.0I 6 '*3-9*-30 /1*9$".# *> *$0>.0 20'93"(02 $030 '00/' *> (0 20,"9*02 ". G1.2 55 >8 *$0 G1)171* h1*0' <Y5IXI(?I

K$0 .1331*"&0 *$0. #>0' >. *> /1R0 1 9>..09*">. 7"*$ 0&0.*' 0)'07$030 ".6''-3.1'"3,1)N' 301)/@ '*30''".# *$1* *$0 #3-0'>/0 ,-."'$/0.* >8 8)1+".# 71' .>* >.)+0/,)>+02 *>7132' 30(0))">-' 9)"0.* ,>,-)1*">.' (-* 0C-1))+ -'02 1#1".'* 6''+3"1. '-(b09*'@0&0. *$0 3>+1) 0-.-9$'@ "8 *$0+ 7030 #-")*+ >8 93"/0'I O$")0 />203. 1-2"0.90' /1+ 309>")83>/ *$0 (3-*1)"*+ 20*1")02 $030@ *$"' ,1''1#0 71' /01.* *> '*30'' *$1* 6''-3.1'"3,1) 71' 1'*3"9* (-* 81"3 3-)03I D>30>&03@ $0 0/,$1'"V02 *$0 819* *$1* $0 0B,09*02 *$0 '1/0 )>+1)*+83>/ 1)) $"' '-(b09*'@ (0 *$0+ -.203 $"' 2"309* 1-*$>3"*+ >3 -.203 *$1* >8 1 9)"0.* 3-)03@ 1.2*$1* $0 ". *-3. 7>-)2 b-2#0 *$0/ 199>32".# *> *$0 '1/0 '*1.2132'I !"'*>3"91))+@6''-3.1'"3,1)N' 30"#. /13R02 6''+3"1N' *31.'"*">. 83>/ R".#2>/ *> 0/,"30I K$0 71+ 70 '00$"/ $030 *1R".# 30',>.'"(")"*+ 8>3 1.2 0B,09*".# >(02"0.90 83>/ *$>'0 -.203 *$0 3-)0 >8 $"'9)"0.*' $"#$)"#$*' *$1* 1* *$"' *"/0@ *$0 R".# 9>.90,*-1)"V02 $"' 2>/".">. 1' 9>.'"'*".# .>*

>.)+ >8 *$0 ,3>&".90' (-* 1)'> >8 *$0 .>/".1))+ ".20,0.20.* 9)"0.* '*1*0'IK> 30*-3. *> *$0 ,319*"90 >8 "/,1)0/0.* 1.2 *> *$0 ,$31'0 1.1 V1C ī   ," V1C ā  ,- @ "* '00/'

9)013 *$1* 7$0. *$0 30(0)' >8 ]-3- 7030 31"'02 >. '*1R0'@ 0"*$03 1(>&0 *$0 *>703 >3 13>-.2 "*@*$0+ 7030 1)3012+ 2012@ $1&".# (00. 8)1+02 (08>30I 6' '*1*02 1)3012+ ". *$0 ".*3>2-9*">.@*$0 -'0 >8 1.1 V1C ī   ," V1C ā  ,- T*> "/,1)0 >. 1 '*1R0U "' *$0308>30 .>* 1 9)013 ".2"91*">. >87$0*$03 *$"' 71' -'02 1' 1 8>3/ >8 0B09-*">. >3 1' 1 71+ >8 2"',)1+".# ,3>/".0.* 9>3,'0'I

5ISI%  .1% 1WīW %31**Z%T%*>%8 B%*>%1%,>)0U% .%6''-3.1' 3,1)%55N'%1.2%]$1)/1.0'03%555N'%

%%%%%% .'93 ,* >.'%

5. 8>-3 >8 $"' ".'93",*">.'@ *$0 3>+1) *"*)0' >8 6''-3.1'"3,1) 55 ".9)-20 1. 0,"*$0* *$1* 90)0J (31*02 *$0 R".# 1' *$0 >.0 T7$> 8"B02 *$0 9>3,'0' >8 $"' 0.0/"0' *> ,>)0'U <".1 #1W ī  W ī   -30**Z ,1#13 # ē 3tW- ?ILg !030@ *$0 ,$31'0 ".1 #1W ī  W" 31**Z T*> 8"B *> 1 ,>)0U 0&"20.*)+ 30803' *> *$0

2"',)1+".# >8 2012 (>2"0' >. $"#$ '*1R0' 31*$03 *$1. "/,1)0/0.* 1' 1 8>3/ >8 0B09-*">.I

Lg K$0'0 1304 *$0 ".'93",*">. >. *$0 71)) ')1(' >8 *$0 3>+1) ,1)190 1* :1)$- 1.2 >8 *$0 `".-3*1 *0/,)0 ". *$1*9"*+ 1' 70)) 1' >. *$0 3>+1) '*0)0' 83>/ *$1* '1/0 *0/,)0 1.2 83>/ G1(") >. *$0 Q,,03 K"#3"' <;5D6 S

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 9/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 109

K$0 '1/0 ,$31'0 "' 1)'> 1**0'*02 ". 1. 0,"'>20 83>/ *$0 1..1)' >8 6''-3.1'"3,1)N' '>.1.2 '-990''>3 ]$1)/1.0'03 555 <3I dgEPdSc GH? 9>.903.".# *$0 30(0))">. >8 *$0 9)"0.* '*1*0>8 M1*".1 <3>-#$)+ 9>330',>.2".# *> *$0 />203. K-3R"'$ ,3>&".90 >8 !1*1+? 1.2 *$0 '-('0JC-0.* '"0#0 >8 "*' 91,"*1) :".1)-1 ". dSE GHI

5ISI1I K$0 '"0#0 >8 :".1)-1 ". dSE GH

5. dSE GH@ ]$1)/1.0'03 555 3090"&02 1 30,>3* *$1* $"' 9)"0.*@ *$0 3-)03 >8 *$0 R".#2>/ >8M1*".1@ $12 (00. R"))02 (+ $"' >7. ,0>,)0I K$0+ *$0. $12 1,,>".*02 >.0 ]-33" 1' *$0"3 .07/1'*03I 6' 71' $"' $1("* ". $"' )1*03 +013'@ ]$1)/1.0'03 2"',1*9$02 *$0 9>//1.203J".J9$"08^1+1.J6WW-3 7"*$ *$0 6''+3"1. 8>390' 7$> ,-* M1*".1N' 91,"*1) 9"*+ :".1)-1 <1)'> :"..1)"1n/>203. K0)) K1+".1* >. *$0 f3>.*0'? -.203 '"0#0I ]-33" *>>R $"' >7. )"80 1.2 *$0 ".$1("*1.*'>8 :".1)-1 *-3.02 >&03 $"' '>.' 1.2 '-,,>3*03'@ 7$> 7030 20.>-.902 1' 93"/".1)'Le  1.2 ,-."'$024 T!0 8"B02 *$0'0 *3>>,' *> ,>)0'IULF K$0 9"*+ 71' ,)1902 -.203 *$0 1-*$>3"*+ >8 1)>91) /1. 9$>'0. (+ *$0 6''+3"1. >&03)>32 7$>'0 8>390' 20,13*02 7"*$ 3"9$ ',>")'@ )01&".# (0$".2 1 3>+1) '*1*-0 ". *$0 9"*+N' *0/,)0I

O$")0 *$0 199>-.* "' /-9$ '$>3*03@ *$0 0&0.*' 130 (3>12)+ '"/")13 *> *$>'0 309>3202 1*

]-3- ". ddS GH4 *$0 6''+3"1. 8>390' 30/>&02 1 -'-3,03 7$> $12 730'*)02 171+ ,>703 83>/1 ,3>J6''+3"1. 9)"0.* R".# 1.2 ,-()"9)+ ,-."'$02 *$>'0 7$> $12 1''"'*02 $"/@ 0B$"("*".#*$0"3 '*1R02 (>2"0' 1' 1 30/".203 >8 *$0 30(0))">. 1.2 "*' 9>.'0C-0.90'I K$0 ,131))0) 7"*$*$0 0&0.*' 1* ]-3- <Y5ILI9? 9>/(".02 7"*$ 819* *$1* *$0 ,$31'0 ".1 #1W ī  W" 31**Z "' -'02 /1+'-##0'* *$1* 7$1* "' 20'93"(02 ". *$0 :".1)-1 199>-.* "' *$0 2"',)1+".# >8 *$0 9>3,'0' >8 *$030(0)'@ 7"*$>-* ',09"8+".# *$0 0B19* 8>3/ >8 *$0"3 0B09-*">.I

5IXI%=>. *-2 .1)% /,1)0/0.*%20, 9*02%>.%]$1)/1.0'03%555N'%G1)171*%h1*0'%

O$")0 *$0 199>-.* >8 *$0 91,*-30 >8 :".1)-1 ". dSE GH ,3>(1()+ 20'93"(0' *$0 2"',)1+".# >80.0/+ 9>3,'0' >. $"#$ ,>)0'@ *$0 (3>.V0 209>31*">.' >. ]$1)/1.0'03 555N' #1*0' 8>3 *$0D1/- *0/,)0 1* 5/#-3J5))") </>203. G1)171*?Ld  ,3>&"20 0&"20.90 8>3 *$0 -'0 >8 19*-1)"/,1)0/0.* 1' 1 8>3/ >8 0B09-*">. ". *$300 2"'*".9* &"'-1) .1331*"&0'I K$0'0 20,"9*">.' 130'-,,)0/0.*02 (+ '$>3* )1(0)' *$1* ',09"8+ *$0 #0>#31,$"91) 9>.*0B* 1.2 1))>7 21*".# *$00&0.*' ,>3*31+02@ (091-'0 >8 )".R' *> 199>-.*' ". ]$1)/1.0'03N' ".'93",*">.'I 5/,1)0/0.* "'1**0'*02 ". *$0 9>.*0B* >8 *$0 '"0#0' >8 ]-#-."1 ". dgE GH <Y5IXI(?@ ^1("#- ". dgF GH<Y5IXI1? 1.2 :-))"/03" ". dgS <Y5IXI9?I

5. 1)) 91'0'@ *$0 "/,1)02 130 '$>7. 1*>, 1 ,>)0 *$1* 0.*03' *$0"3 '*31"#$*0.02 (>2+ (0*700. *$0"3 ',3012 )0#'@ ".2"91*".# 19*-1) "/,1)0/0.* 31*$03 *$1. *$0 /030 2"',)1+ >89>3,'0' (0".# ,3>,,02 -, >. 1 $"#$ ,>)0 <98I Y5Ig?I

.>I L_LIc_4 LFPLdn L_LIL " SEn L_LILF " SEn L_LIS_4 Xe4 ".1 #1JW"JW" mJ30J*-Jm uu mJ30J*mJm ,1J#13 uu   ,1#J3" uu ,1J1#J3" #0J3"JW-  uu #0J3"JWm ?ILe ;5D6 X .>I L_SILc4 LgX uu .>I L_SILe4 SFEN4 A` $"J"J ! sI LF ;5D6 X .>I L_SILc4 Lgc uu .>I L_SILe4 Sd_vPSdLv4 w;5`IDAk WmJ.-J*" ".1 #1JW"JW" mJ31*J*"I Ld 6 20*1")02 '*-2+ >8 *$0 #1*0 209>31*">.' "' ]9$19$.03 S__F@ 7"*$ 0B90))0.* )".0 2317".#' >8 1)) (1.2'I

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 10/28

:130. ;12.03110

5IXI1I K$0 '"0#0 >8 ^1("#- ". dgF GH

G1.2 5\ >8 ]$1)/1.0'03N' '>J91))02 G1)171* h1*0' 801*-30' 1 '90.0 7$030 "/,1)0/0.* "'-'02 1' 1 /01.' *> 8>390 *$0 0.0/+ 9"*+ ".*> '-(/"''">.I K$0 (1.2 '$>7' &13">-' '*1#0'LE >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 ^1("#- </>203. ^1("C >. *$0 x-70"C 3"&03?@ "20.*"8"02 7"*$ 1 9-.0"8>3/)1(0) 1' 1 9"*+ >8 6$-." >8 G"*J62"."@S_ 1. "/,>3*1.* 631/101. '*1*0 ". `>3*$03. ]+3"1 7"*$K")JG13'", </>203. K0)) 6$/13? 1' "*' 91,"*1)I K$0 &"'-1) .1331*"&0 91. (0 )".R02 *>199>-.*' ". ]$1)/1.0'03N' 1..1)' *$1* 21*0 *$"' '"0#0 *> *$0 +013 dgF GHISL 

5. *$0 20,"9*">. >8 ^1("#- >. *$0 )>703 30#"'*03 <y I%L?@ *$0 6''+3"1. 1**19R "' "))-'J*31*02 ". 8-)) '7".#@ 7"*$ *3>>,' 1**19R".# *$0 9"*+ #1*0 7"*$ 1 (1**03".# 31/ 1.2 2"##".#-.203.01*$ *$0 >-*03 9"*+ 71)) 7$")0 *$0 2080.203' '$>>* $1")' >8 133>7' 83>/ *$0 *7> 8>3*"J8"91*">. 71))'I y3>/ *$0 3"#$* $1.2 '"20@ *$0 6''+3"1. 139$03+ "' 133"&".#I f-*'"20 >8^1("#-@ >. 1 $"))'"20 <>3 "' *$0 0)0&1*">. /01.* *> '$>7 1 '"0#0 31/,z? "//02"1*0)+ *> "*'3"#$*@ '"B .1R02 /0. 130 '$>7. "/,1)02 >. $"#$ '*1R0'I K$0+ 8>3/ ,1"3' *$1* 8190 019$>*$03I AB09-*02 >. 1 $"#$)+ &"'"()0 '"*0 b-'* >-*'"20 *$0 9"*+@ (>*$ *$0 R"))".# >8 *$0'0 /0. (+"/,1)0/0.* 1.2 *$0 '-('0C-0.* 0B$"("*">. >8 *$0"3 9>3,'0' 71' ,13* >8 *$0 6''+3"1. 1**19R'*31*0#+ 1.2 20'"#.02 *> 701R0. *$0 ,'+9$>)>#"91) 1.2 0/>*">.1) 2080.90' >8 *$0 ".$1(J

"*1.*' >8 ^1("#-@ b-'* )"R0 *$0 '1,,".# >8 "*' 71))' 1.2 *$0 (1**03".# >8 "*' #1*0 71' /01.* *>21/1#0 *$0 9"*+N' ,$+'"91) ,3>*09*">.I

5IXI(I K$0 '"0#0 >8 ]-#-."1 ". dgE GH

G1.2 55 >8 *$0 G1)171* h1*0'@ )1(0))02 7"*$ 1 (3"08 9-.0"8>3/ ".'93",*">. 1' TG1**)0 1#1".'*Q313*-@USS ".9)-20' 1 20,"9*">. >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 1 9"*+ ". Q313*-I y3>/ *$0 &03+ (0#"..".# >8]$1)/1.0'03N' 30"#.@ Q313*- 0/03#02 1' *$0 A/,"30N' .07 .0/0'"' 1* "*' .>3*$03. 83>.*"03IQ.)"R0 *$0 713' 1#1".'* G"*J62"." <Y5IXI1? 1.2 k-(3"1 <Y5IXI9?@ *$0 6''+3"1. 1**19R' 1#1".'*Q313*- 7030 .>* 20'"#.02 *> 30'-)* ". *033"*>3"1) 0B,1.'">. >3 *$0 0'*1()"'$".# >8 1 ,03/1.0.*9)"0.* 30)1*">.'$",I K$0 #>1) 71' 20'*1(")"'1*">. 1* 1 *"/0 7$0. *$0 9>.'>)"21*">. >8 *$0Q313*"1. '*1*0 $12 .>* +0* (00. 9>/,)0*02I

K> *$0 )08* >8 *$0 '90.0@ 6''+3"1. *3>>,' 91. (0 '00. 9133+".# 171+ ',>")' 7$")0 1

 ,"*9$02 (1**)0 (0*700. *$0 6''+3"1. 13/+ 1.2 *$0 Q313*"1. 8>390' 71#0' >. *$0 3"#$* '"20I 5. (0*700.@ 1' 20,"9*02 ". y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ddS GH <Y5ILI9?I G0+>.2 *$1*@ *$0 '90.0/"33>3' *$0 R0+ 0)0/0.*' >8 *$0 199>-.* >8 6''-3.1'"3,1)N' '"0#0 >8 6/02" ". dee GH@7$"9$ 801*-30' "/,1)0/0.*@ $01,' >8 $012 *3>,$"0' 1.2 *$0 9$>,,".# 2>7. >8 *$0 9"*+N'83-"* *300 ,)1.*1*">.' <Y5ILI1?I

LE H8I {1/121 S___@ LLeIS_ ;5D6 X .>I L_SIedISL ;5D6 X .>I L_SIL4 E_vPEgvn .>I L_SIS " LePLdn .>I L_SIe " cEPgen .>I L_SIL_ " X_PXen .>I L_SILc4 XSP 

Xgn .>I L_SILe4 LLPLcISS ;5D6 X .>I L_SIegI

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 11/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 111

K$0 013)"0'* &03'">. >8 ]$1)/1.0'03N' 1..1)' 9>.*1".' 1 20'93",*">. >8 *$0 1**19R >8]-#-."1@ *$0 8>3*"8"02 9"*+ >8 631/- >8 Q313*-@ ". *$0 6''+3"1. R".#N' 1990''">. +013 >8 dgEGHI K$0 (3"08 30,>3* '*1*0' *$1* T5 (0'"0#02 *$0 9"*+@ 91,*-302 "*@ /1''19302 /1.+ >8 "*' ,0>,)0 1.2 9133"02 >88 (>>*+ 83>/ *$0/I 5 0309*02 *7> *>703' >8 $012' <"J'"J*1J*0 Wl

]6hI^QIDAk? >,,>'"*0 >8 $"' 9"*+IUSX f.0 >8 *$0'0 '*3-9*-30' /1+ (0 '$>7. ". *$0 '90.0>. G1.2 55@ 1.2 5 *$0308>30 *0.*1*"&0)+ ,3>,>'0 *$1* *$0 30,>3* >8 ]-#-."1N' 91,*-30 '$>-)2 (0 9>/(".02 7"*$ *$"' 20,"9*">.I

5IXI9I K$0 '"0#0 >8 :-))"/03" ". dgS GH

G1.2 | >8 *$0 G1)171* h1*0' '$>7' *$0 '"0#0 >8 1 9"*+@ 7$"9$ 5 ,3>,>'0 *> "20.*"8+ 1':-))"/03"ISc  K$0 9"*+N' ,>'"*">. >. *$0 71+ *> *$0 '>-390 >8 *$0 K"#3"'@ 7$>'0 #3>**> "''$>7. 8-3*$03 >. ". *$0 '1/0 .1331*"&0 '0C-0.90@ 8"*' :-))"/03" &03+ 70))ISg 5* "' >.0 >8 *$0*7> 3>+1) 9"*"0' >8 *$0 R".#2>/ >8 k-(3"1@ *$0. -.203 *$0 3-)0 >8 6.$"**0 7$> "' /0.*">.027"*$ $"' >*$03 9"*+ Q,,-//- >. G1.2 \555 >8 *$0 G1)171* h1*0'ISe 5. *$0 )1(0) *> *$0 '90.0>. G1.2 |@ :-))"/03" "' 20'"#.1*02 *$0 3>+1) 9"*+ >8 1 3-)03 7$>'0 .1/0 "' 9>.&0.*">.1))+3012 M`h"JV-J1J*1 I G-* 1' *$"' .1/0 "' >*$037"'0 -.1**0'*02 <1.2 91..>* (0 0B,)1".02 0*+J

/>)>#"91))+? 5 ,3>,>'0 *> 3012M`

6.J$"J"* }

J*1 ".'*012@SF

  )".R".# :-))"/03" *> *$0 0B,09*02R".# >8 k-(3"1I D+ 0/0.202 3012".# >8 *$0 )1(0) >. G1.2 | *$-' 0)"/".1*0' *7> $1,1B ,3>,03 .>-.' 1.2 ".'*012 ,3>&"20' )".R' 7"*$ 1 ,)190 1.2 1 3-)03 R.>7. 0)'07$030 ".]$1)/1.0'03N' ".'93",*">.'I

G1.2 | 9>..09*' *$0 '"0#0 >8 :-))"/03" 7"*$ 1 &"'"* >8 ]$1)/1.0'03 1.2 $"' *3>>,' >8 *$0'>-390 >8 *$0 K"#3"' </>203. G#3R)0+.Sd? 7$030 1. "/1#0 >8 *$0 R".# 1.2 1. ".'93",*">.7030 />-.*02I K$0 9>.'0.'-' "' *> 9>..09* *$0 20,"9*">. >. G1.2 | 7"*$ *$0 (3"08 199>-.*'". ]$1)/1.0'03N' 1..1)' *$1* /0.*">. 1 &"'"* >8 *$0 K"#3"' '>-390 ". dgS GHI K$030 "' .>',09"8"9 /0.*">. >8 :-))"/03" ". 1.+ >8 *$0 ,1''1#0' 2>9-/0.*".# *$0 0&0.*' >8 *$"' +013 (-* -.)"R0 ". *$0 )1*03 02"*">.' >8 *$0 1..1)'@ *7> 013)+ &03'">.' /1R0 308030.90 *> 30'"'*1.900.9>-.*0302 (+ *$0 6''+3"1.'4 T5 /139$02 *> *$0 '>-390 >8 *$0 K"#3"'@ *$0 ,)190 7$030 *$071*03 9>/0' >-*@ 1.2 /120 '193"8"90'I 5 ,-* *> *$0 '7>32 *$0 9"*"0' *$1* 7030 .>* '-(/"''"&0*> 6WW-3I 5 3090"&02 *3"(-*0 83>/ *$0 `1"3" )1.2'IUSE 699>32".# *> *$0 20,"9*">. >. G1.2 |@*$0 8>91) ,>".* >8 *$"' 30'"'*1.90 7>-)2 $1&0 (00. *$0 9"*+ >8 :-))"/03"@ 7$"9$ /1R0' &03+#>>2 '0.'0@ 1' *$0 30'"20.90 >8 *$0 R".# >8 k-(3"1 "' *$0 2>/".1.* '0**)0/0.* ". *$0 30#">.I

K$0 9"*+ "' ,>3*31+02 1' 1. >('*19)0 ". *$0 ,1*$ )012".# *$0 6''+3"1. 8>390' *> *$0 K"#3"''>-390n >.0 >8 *$0'0 '>)2"03' "' &"'"()0 >. *$0 3"#$* $1.2 '"20 >8 y I%XI :-))"/03" "' '$>7.". 8)1/0'I K> *$0 9"*+N' )08* $1.2 '"20@ 6''+3"1. '>)2"03' 130 20,"9*02 1' *$0+ 9-* >88 *$0$012 >8 >.0 0.0/+ 1.2 *$0 $1.2' 1.2 800* >8 1.>*$03I f. 0"*$03 '"20 >8 :-))"/03"@ 1 .1R02

SX ;5D6 X .>I L_SIL4 XLPXSI%Sc ;012".# Q;QI:-J)"J/13 }@ ".'*012 >8 $1,1B Q;QI:-J)"J'" @ 1' ;5D6 X .>I L_SIFF 1.2 *$0 ,30&">-'

02"*">.' 7>-)2 $1&0 "*ISg y>3 1 2"'9-''">. >8 *$0 1&1")1()0 0&"20.904 ;12.03 S_LS@ Se_PSecISe ;5D6 X .>I L_SIFXI

SF ;012".# h5 1' 6` 1.2 !5 "' -.,3>()0/1*"9n *$0 '"#.' [Q 1.2 6 130 .>* 9)013 >. 1.+ >8 *$0 ,-()"'$02 ,$>*>#31,$' (-* ".*03,30*".# *$0 &"'"()0 702#0' 1' >.0 '"#. 31*$03 *$1. *7> 1.2 3012".# "* 1' 5K "' 0.J*"30)+ ,>''"()0I

Sd y>3 1 '*-2+ >8 *$0 *>,>#31,$+ 1.2 *$0 6''+3"1. />.-/0.*' *$0304 ]9$19$.03 S__EISE ;5D6 X .>I L_SIe "" XFPc_n .>I L_SId4 SLvPSXvI

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 12/28

:130. ;12.03112

/1. P *$0 )08* >.0 7"*$ 9$>,,02J>88 $1.2' 1.2 800*@ *$0 3"#$* >.0 >.)+ 7"*$>-* 800* P "''$>7. "/,1)02 >. 1 $"#$ '*1R0@ 819".# *>7132' *$0 (-3.".# 9"*+I K$0 /-*")1*02 '*1*0 >8 *$0"/,1)02 ".2"&"2-1)' $1' .> ,131))0)' ". 1.+ >8 *$0 >*$03 20,"9*">.' (-* /1+ ,03$1,' (0 9>.J.09*02 *> *$0 30,>3* >. K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555N' 91/,1"#. *> 531. ". Fcc GH <Y5IcI9?I

K$0 9"*+ "' 20,"9*02 7"*$ $012' ,3>*3-2".# 83>/ *$0 >-*03 71))' 1.2 >. *$0 *>, >8 *$0*>703'I y3>/ *$0"3 1331.#0/0.*@ "* "' .>* 9)013 7$0*$03 *$"' "' /01.* *> ,>3*31+ *$0 9"*+N'".$1("*1.*' 7$")0 2080.2".# :-))"/03" >3 $012 *3>,$"0'@ ". *$1* 91'0 ,>'"*">.02 *$030 (+ *$06''+3"1. 9>.C-03>3' 18*03 *$0 91,*-30 >8 *$0 9"*+I K$0"3 ,>'"*">. "' 2"88030.* 83>/ *$0 -'-1)20,"9*">.' >8 $01,' >8 $012 *3>,$"0'@ 1' *$0'0 '$>7 *$0 $012' '"**".# >. *>, >8 019$ >*$03 ".1 /1..03 3091))".# *$0 20'"#. >8 1 *>*0/ ,>)0 <98I y I%S?I K$0308>30 *$0 8"3'* >,*">. '00/'/>30 )"R0)+ *> /0 (-* (091-'0 >8 *$0 30/1".".# -.903*1".*+@ >.0 $1' *> '*30'' *$1* /+ ".*03J ,30*1*">. >8 *$0 '90.0 1' 20,"9*".# 1. >.J#>".# '"0#0 "' *0.*1*"&0I

5IcI%1.1%V1Cī, %W )Z%T*>%31 '0%-,%>.%1%'*1R0U% .%K )1*$J, )0'03%555N'% .'93 ,* >.'%

y>3 >&03 1 90.*-3+@ *$030 "' .> 0&"20.90 8>3 "/,1)0/0.* ". *$0 1&1")1()0 2>9-/0.*1*">.@ (08>30 *$0 ,319*"90 "' 1#1". 309>3202 ". *$0 ".'93",*">.' 1.2 30)"08' >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555 <3I

FcgPFSF GH?I K$0 1('0.90 >8 0&"20.90 "' >8 9>-3'0 .>* ,3>>8 >8 *$0 1('0.90 >8 *$0 ,$0J.>/0.>.@ 1.2 70 /-'* '*30'' *$1* *$0 *0B*' 1&1")1()0 8>3 *$1* ,03">2 130 >&037$0)/".#)+3>+1) '*0)0' 1.2 30)1*02 />.-/0.*' 7$>'0 ".'93",*">.' 3130)+ #> ".*> /-9$ 20*1") 7$0.90)0(31*".# *$0"3 '-(b09*@ *$0 R".# >8 6''+3"1I 5. ,13*"9-)13@ 20'93",*">.' >8 '"0#0' 130)19R".#@ 1.2 18*03 *$0 ,30&">-' 2"'9-''">.'@ "* "' *$0308>30 .>* '-3,3"'".# *$1* *$030 130 1)'>.> 308030.90' *> "/,1)0/0.*I

f.90 K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555N' ".'93",*">.' 20'93"(0 '-9$ 0&0.*' 1#1".@ $>70&03@ 70 8".2 *$1*6''-3.1'"3,1) 55N' 0B,30''">. 1.1 V1C ī   ," V1C ā  ,- T*> "/,1)0 >. 1 '*1R0U $1' (00. 30,)19027"*$ 1.1 V1C ī   ," W ē )Z  T*> 31"'0 -, >. 1 '*1R0UI K$0 ,$31'0 "' 1**0'*02 ". *$0 9>.*0B* >8 *$300'"0#0'@ '>/07$030 ". O0'*03. 531. ". Fcc <YLIcI9?@ 1* ^1/1'9-' ". FXX GH <YLIcI1? 1.2 1*]1331(1.- ". FXL GH <YLIcI(?IX_  5. 20'93"(".# *$0 0&0.*' 1* ^1/1'9-'@ *$0 0B,30''">. "'9)013)+ -'02 8>3 R"))".# (+ "/,1)0/0.*@ 1' *$0 &"9*"/' 130 0B,)"9"*)+ 20'93"(02 1' T1)"&0UI

5IcI1I K$0 '"0#0 >8 ^1/1'9-' ". FXX GHK$0 )>.# '"0#0 >8 ^1/1'9-' 1.2 "*' 91,*-30 ". FXX GH 71' 1 209"'"&0 />/0.* ". *$06''+3"1. 9>.C-0'* >8 *$0 70'*I 68*03 )>'".# 1 ,"*9$02 (1**)0 7"*$ K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' 8>390'@;1$"1.- <G"()"91) ;0V".? >8 ^1/1'9-' 8)02 83>/ *$0 (1**)08"0)2 *> $"' 91,"*1) 9"*+@ 7$"9$ *$06''+3"1.' ,-* ,3>/,*)+ -.203 '"0#0I K$0 1..1)' ".'93"(02 >. *$0 71))' >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' ,1)190 1* :1)$- 9>.*1". 1. 199>-.* >8 *$0 '"0#04XL T5 31"'02 -, >. '*1R0' $"' 8>30/>'* /0.1)"&0 7$")0 /1R".# <*$0 ,0>,)0 >8? $"' )1.2 71*9$IXS y>3 cg 21+' 5 '0* -, /+ 91/, 13>-.2$"' 9"*+ 1.2 9>.8".02 $"/ <"I0I@ ;1$"1.-? )"R0 1 ("32 ". 1 91#0I 5 9-* 2>7. $"' ,)1.*1*">.'@oIIIp 1.2 >39$132'@ 7$"9$ 7030 7"*$>-* .-/(03n 5 ',1302 .>* 1 '".#)0 >.0IU

5. *$0 9>/(".1*">. >8 R"))".# (+ "/,1)0/0.* >8 '0)09* ".2"&"2-1)' ". 8-)) &"07 >8 *$09"*+N' ".$1("*1.*' 1.2 9$>,,".# 2>7. *$0 9"*+N' 83-"* *300'@ K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' '*31*0#+ 1*

X_ H8I H3>-9$ S__E@ XEPcLIXL ;5`6M L .>I S_4 EvPLXvIXS ;5`6M L .>I S_4 EvPL_v4 =iI]6hI:6=IDAkJWm (1)J ! -J-'J'-J.-   o1J.1  h5kpIV1JC"J,1J1J." mJW0J)"J/1 mJ 

W12J#"J)1  :Q;J'-I 

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 13/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 113

^1/1'9-' 8>))>7' *$1* >8 6''-3.1'"3,1) 1* *$0 '"0#0 >8 6/02" ". dee GH <Y5ILI1? 1.2 *$1* >8]$1)/1.0'03 1* ]-#-."1 ". dgE GH@ 1' 20,"9*02 >. *$0 G1)171* h1*0' <Y5IXI(?I

5IcI(I K$0 '"0#0 >8 ]1331(1.- ". FXL GH

K$0 '"0#0 >8 *$0 9"*+ ]1331(1.- ". FXL GH 8>))>7' 1 '"/")13 .1331*"&0 199>32".# *> *$0 20J*1")02 199>-.* ". 1 )"(313+ 9>,+ >8 1 '-//13+ ".'93",*">. >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' 2002'@XX 1)*$>-#$ *$030 "' .> /0.*">. >8 21/1#".# 83-"* >39$132' P ". *$0 G1(+)>."1. 0.&"3>./0.*@*$0'0 7>-)2 $1&0 (00. 21*0 #3>&0' 31*$03 *$1. 83-"* *300'I ^-3".# K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' 91/J ,1"#. *$3>-#$ G1(+)>."1@ `1(ZJ-W1(W"@ *$0 )01203 >8 *$0 H$1)201. G"*Jk")1." *3"(0@ /0* *$06''+3"1. 8>390' ". (1**)0 ". *$0 >-*'R"3*' >8 $"' 9"*+ ]1331(1.- (-* '-880302 1 20801* < 2 ī  R*1W-12 ū R ?I

]1331(1.- 71' *$0. ,-* -.203 '"0#0I K$0 199>-.* /0.*">.' *7> '*31*0#"0' *$1* 7030 0/J ,)>+02 *> 8>390 *$0 2080.203' *> +"0)2I K$0"3 )01203 `1(ZJ-W1(W"@ 7$> $12 0&"20.*)+ (00.91,*-302 ". *$0 9>-3'0 >8 *$0 (1**)0@ 71' "/,1)02 ". 8-)) &"07 >8 *$0 9"*+4 T5 31"'02 $"/ -, >.1 '*1R0 (08>30 *$0 #1*0 >8 $"' 9"*+@ 7$")0 /1R".# 71*9$ <*$0 ,0>,)0 >8? $"' )1.2IUXc  K$0 ,$31'".# "' "20.*"91) *> *$1* 0/,)>+02 ". *$0 199>-.* >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 ^1/1'9-'I G-* -.)"R0

*$0 ^1/1'90.0 2"#."*13"0'@ `1(ZJ-W1(W" "' .>* '1"2 *> (0 1)"&0 7$0. $0 71' ,-* >. *$0'*1R0I O0 $1&0 20/>.'*31*02 1(>&0 *$1* *$0 -'0 >8 6''-3.1'"3,1)N' ,$31'0 1.1 V1C ī   ,"V1C ā  ,- T*> "/,1)0 >. 1 '*1R0U 2>0' .>* .090''13")+ "/,)+ R"))".# (+ "/,1)0/0.*@ 1.2 70'$>-)2 (0 ,30,1302 *> 9>.'"203 *$"' 1)'> 8>3 *$0 0B,30''">. 1.1 V1C ī   ," W ē )Z  T*> 31"'0 -, >. 1'*1R0UI h"&0. *$1* `1(ZJ-W1(W"N' "/,1)0/0.* "' 8>))>702 (+ *$0 9>.'*3-9*">. >8 1 '"0#031/, 1.2 *$0 -'0 >8 (1**03".# 31/'@ "* '00/' 9)013 *$1* *$0 ".$1("*1.*' >8 ]1331(1.- 2"2 .>*'-330.203 *> *033>3 1)>.0I K$0 -'0 >8 (1**03".# 31/' 91))' *> /".2 *$0 20,"9*">. >8 *$0 '"0#0>8 ^1("#- ". dgF GH >. ]$1)/1.0'03 555N' G1)171* h1*0'@ 7$"9$ '$>7 '-9$ 1 (1**)0/19$".0 ". 19*">. <Y5IXI1?I 699>32".# *> *$0 30,>3* ". K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' ".'93",*">.'@ *$0'0/0*$>2' +"0)202 30'-)*' 1* ]1331(1.- 1.2 *$0 9"*+ 71' 91,*-302I

K$0 71)) 209>31*">.' >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' ,1)190 1* :1)$- ".9)-20 *7> 9>.'09-*"&0 ')1('7"*$ 1 '90.0 >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 1. -."20.*"8"02 G1(+)>."1. 9"*+ 7"*$ *$300 8>3*"8"91*">. 3".#'7$>'0 6''+3"1. 1**19R03' /1R0 -'0 >8 31/,' 1.2 (1**03".# 31/' 1.2 9$>, 2>7. >8 ,1)/*300'IXg K$"' 9"*+ /1+ &03+ 70)) (0 ]1331(1.- 1)*$>-#$ *$0 "/,1)0/0.* >8 `1(ZJ-W1(W" "'.>* 20,"9*02I

5IcI9I ^-3".# 1 91/,1"#. ". O0'*03. 531. ". Fcc GH

K$0 >.)+ 1&1")1()0 199>-.* 8>3 *$0 91/,1"#. ".*> *$0 D02"1. *033"*>3"0' ". K"#)1*$J,")0'03N'8"3'* 30#.1) +013 "' 1 &03+ 9>.90.*31*02 &03'">. >8 *$0 1..1)' 83>/ 1 71)) ')1( >8 $"' ,1)1901* :1)$- *$1* "' />30>&03 >.)+ 831#/0.*13")+ ,30'03&02I K$0 (3"08 ,1''1#0 3012'4 T="R0 1.0*@ 5 >&037$0)/02 *$0 )1.2' G"*J:1,'"@ G"*J]1.#" 1.2 G"*JQ3V1RR"I o5 ".8)"9*02p 1 $01&+20801* >. *$0/I 5 31"'02 o*$0"3 )01203' z >. '*1R0'pI 5 9-* >88 *$0 $1.2' >8 *$0 30'* >8 *$0"3

XX ;5`6M L .>I cF4 LgPLFIXc ;5`6M L .>I cF4 LgPLe4 WlJ1JWm /0$J30J0*  :qIh6= Q;QJWm 1J.1  h5kIV1JC"J," mJW0J)"JW-J/1 mJW12J#"J 

)1  :Q;J'- I ]"/")13 ". *$0 /-9$ '$>3*03 199>-.* >. 1 ,1&0/0.* ')1( 83>/ K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' ,1)190 ".:1)$-@ ;5`6M L .>I XE4 EJL_4 M`2M6-mJW1(JW"   =Qh6=JWmJ.- /~J0 ḫ J30*   :qIh6= Q;QJWm 1J.1  h5kIV1JC"J," mJW0J)"J/1  •mJW12J#"J)1 € :Q;J'- T5 31"'02 `1(ZJ-W1(W"@ *$0"3 R".#@ -, >. 1 '*1R0 (08>30*$0 #1*0 >8 $"' 9"*+ •7$")0 /1R".# 71*9$€ <*$0 ,0>,)0 >8? $"' )1.2IU 

Xg G13.0** P y1)R.03 LEeS@ LSPLc@ ,)I |||5P|||5\I

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 14/28

:130. ;12.03114

7133">3' 1.2 30)01'02 <*$0/? ". *$0"3 )1.2IUXe  K$"' "' 8>))>702 (+ 1 )"'* >8 *$0 )"&0'*>9R*1R0. (+ *$0 6''+3"1. 8>390'I

5* "' ".'*3-9*"&0 *> 9>/,130 *$"' 199>-.* 7"*$ *$0 9>.90.*31*02 30,>3* >8 *$0 ,30&">-')+2"'9-''02 91,*-30 >8 ]1331(1.- ". FXL GH <Y5IcI(? 83>/ 1.>*$03 ')1( >8 71)) 209>31*">. ".

K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' ,1)190IXF !030@ *$0 0&0.*' 130 1)'> 9>.20.'02 *> ".9)-20 >.)+ *$0 '-//13+90)0(31*">. >8 *$0 9>.C-0'*@ *$0 "/,1)0/0.* >8 *$0 3-)03 1.2 *$0 *1R".# >8 (>>*+I 5. ,131))0)*> *$0 />30 20*1")02 199>-.* >8 *$0 FXL 0,"'>20@ 70 /1+ *$0308>30 1''-/0 *$1* 1 )>.#03&03'">. >8 *$0 Fcc 0&0.*' 7>-)2 $1&0 20*1")02 1 '"0#0@ 2-3".# 7$"9$ *$0 "/,1)0/0.* >8'>/0 ,3>/".0.* ".2"&"2-1) >3 ".2"&"2-1)' 71' '*1#02 ". >3203 *> 0.8>390 '-(/"''">.I 5* "' ,>''"()0 *$1* *$0 20,"9*">. >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 Q,1 <Y5IgI1? /1+ (0 9>..09*02 7"*$ *$0'0 0&0.*'I

K$0 /-*")1*">. >8 *$0 0.0/+ *3>>,' ". Fcc GH (3".#' *> /".2 *$0 20,"9*">. >8 6''+3"1.'>)2"03' 9-**".# >88 *$0 0.0/"0'N $1.2' 1.2 800* 2-3".# *$0 '"0#0 >8 :-))"/03" ". dgS GH >.G1.2 | >8 *$0 ]$1)/1.0'03 555N' G1)171* h1*0' <Y5IXI9?I K$0 &"9*"/' ". K"#)1*$J,")0'03N'30,>3* 0&"20.*)+ 7030 /01.* *> '-3&"&0 *$0 )>'' >8 *$0"3 $1.2'@ 1' *$0+ 7030 '0* 8300 ". *$0"3>7. 9>-.*3+@ ,30'-/1()+ *> '03&0 1' 1 )"&".# 30/".203 *> 0&03+>.0 7$> 91/0 193>'' *$0/>8 *$0"3 0.9>-.*03 7"*$ *$0 6''+3"1. A/,"30I G-* 20',"*0 *$0 '-,038"9"1) '"/")13"*+@ *$0

/-*")1*">.' 0B09-*02 1* :-))"/03" '00/ >8 1 31*$03 2"88030.* ".*0.*@ 1' *$0 "/,1)02@ *>>@ 130'$>7. $030 7"*$>-* $1.2' 1.2 800*I

5IgI%H>3,'0'%2 ',)1+02%>.%,>)0'%20, 9*02% .%30) 08'%>8%K )1*$J, )0'03%555@%]13 >.%55%1.2%

%%%%%%%]0..19$03 (%

K$"' '09*">. 2"'9-''0' *$0 20,"9*">.' >8 *$300 '"0#0' 1' "))-'*31*02 >. *$0 71)) 209>31*">.' >8*$0 ,1)190' >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555 ". :1)$- <'"0#0 >8 Q21@ Y5IgIL?@ >8 ]13#>. 55 ". ^-3Jk133-R0. <'"0#0 >8 !13$13 ". FLe GH@ Y5IgIS? 1.2 >8 ]0..19$03"( ". `".0&0$ <'"0#0 >8=19$"'$ ". F_L GH@ Y5IgIX?@ 30',09*"&0)+I 6)) *$300 '90.0' ".9)-20 30,30'0.*1*">.' >8 #3>-,'>8 .1R02 /0. />-.*02 >. $"#$ ,>)0' >-*'"20 *$0 9"*"0' -.203 '"0#0I

6' 70 '$1)) '00@ *$0 71+ *$0'0 /0. 130 '$>7. 1*>, >8 *$0'0 ,>)0' 2"8803' 83>/ *$0 71+*$1* )>.#"*-2".1) "/,1)0/0.* "' 20,"9*02 >. *$0 G1)171* h1*0' >8 ]$1)/1.0'03 555 <Y5IX?IK$0 ,>)0' 2> .>* 0.*03 *$0 (>2"0' (0*700. *$0 )0#'I 5.'*012 *$0 /0. 130 '$>7. ')-/,02>&03 *$0/@ 7"*$ *$0"3 $012' 1.2 13/' 21.#)".# ". 83>.* >8 *$0"3 -,,03 (>2"0'I 5. >3203 *>19$"0&0 '-9$ 1 ,>'"*">.@ *$0 ,>)0 7>-)2 $1&0 $12 1 93>''(01/ 8"B02 *> "*' *>,@ 7$"9$ 7>-)230'-)* ". 1 KJ'$1,02 #"((0*I O$")0 *$0 30,30'0.*1*">.' ". *$0 ,30'0.* '09*">. -.2>-(*02)+'$>7 *$0 2"',)1+ /120 >8 9>3,'0' >8 ,3>/".0.* 0.0/"0' *$0+ 2> .>* ,>3*31+ R"))".# (+ "/J ,1)0/0.*I

5IgI1I K$0 '"0#0 >8 Q,1 2-3".# *$0 30"#. >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555

6 '03"0' >8 209>31*02 '*>.0 ')1(' 83>/ K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555N' ,1)190 1* :1)$- <y I%c?Xd 20,"9*'1 9"*+ ". />-.*1".>-' *0331". -.203 '"0#0I K$0 6''+3"1. 8>390' 130 '$>7. *> -'0 )12203' 1.21 (1**03".# 31/ P )"R0 *$0 >.0 20'93"(02 ". *$0 199>-.* >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 ]1331(1.- ". FXL GH<Y5IcI(? P ". >3203 *> 8>390 *$0"3 71+ ".I f.0 6''+3"1. '>)2"03 $1' 1)3012+ /120 "* ".*> *$0

Xe ;5D6 L .>I F4 ePF4 oIII 1J.1  h5kIV1JC"J,1J1J." p mJW0J)" '"J*1J1*   =iI/-.J21$J " 0J0JWmJ.- 3"*J*"JWmJ.- mJ .1RJR"'J/1 ".1 C~J30(  :Q;JWmJ.- mJ/1WJW"3I 

XF ;5`6M L .>I XE4 dPLLI H8I 8.I XcIXd G13.0** P y1)R.03 LEeS@ LcPLe@ ,)I |||\55P|=I

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 15/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 115

9"*+ 1.2 "' 9-**".# *$0 *$3>1* >8 >.0 >8 *$0 2080.203' 7$")0 *$0 >*$03' 31"'0 *$0"3 13/' ".#0'*-30' >8 '-(/"''">. 1.2 20',1"3I

f. 0"*$03 '"20 >8 *$0 9"*+@ *$300 $"#$ ,>)0' '*1.2 ". 0)0&1*02 ,>'"*">.'@ '> *$1* *$0 $012'>8 *$0 .1R02 /0. *$1* $1.# 83>/ *$0/@ 819".# 171+ 83>/ *$0 9"*+@ 130 >. *$0 '1/0 )0&0) 1'

*$0 2080.203' >. *$0 (1**)0/0.*'I K$0 /0. 130 20,"9*02 ". 1 ')>-9$02 ,>'*-30@ $1.#".# >&03*$0 ,>)0' 7"*$ $012' 1.2 13/' 21.#)".# ". 83>.* >8 *$0 *>3'>' 1.2 *$0"3 $1"3 81))".# 2>7.>&03 *$0"3 8>30$012'I K$0"3 13/' 1,,013 *> (0 (>-.2 1* *$0 73"'*'I

K$0 20,"9*">. $1' 1 (3"08 9-.0"8>3/ )1(0) *$1* "20.*"8"0' *$0 9"*+ 1' Q,1IXE K$"' *>,>.+/"' .>* 1**0'*02 0)'07$030 ". K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' ".'93",*">.'@ >3 ".2002 ". 1.+ >*$03 6''+3"1.*0B*@ (-* *$0 3012".# '00/' (0+>.2 2>-(*I M03$1,' *$"' 9"*+ "' *$0 ,)190 7$>'0 '"0#0 70 91. (0#". *> 309>.'*3-9* 83>/ *$0 (3"08 30/13R 30#132".# "/,1)0/0.* ". *$0 199>-.* >8 *$0 91/J ,1"#. 1#1".'* O0'*03. 531. ". Fcc GH <Y5IcI9?I K$0 )1.2'91,0 *$030 "' />-.*1".>-'@ 0&0.3>9R+@ 1.2 *$"' /1*9$0' *$0 "/1#0 &03+ 70))I

5IgI(I K$0 '"0#0 >8 !13$13 ". FLe GH

K$0 '"0#0 >8 !13$13@ >.0 >8 *$0 />'* "/,>3*1.* D02"1. 8>3*30''0' ". O0'*03. 531. </>'*

)"R0)+ K0,0 h"+1.c_

?@ ". FLe GH "' 20,"9*02 >. *$0 71)) 209>31*">.' >8 *$0 ,1)190 >8 ]13#>.55 <3I FSSPF_g GH? ". ^-3Jk133-R0. <y I%g?IcL 520.*"8"02 (+ .1/0@cS *$0 '*3>.#)+ 8>3*"8"029"*+ "' '$>7. -.203 1**19R (+ *$0 6''+3"1. 8>390' *$1* -'0 )12203' *> '91)0 *$0 9"*+ 71))'n'>/0 $1&0 1)3012+ '-9900202 ". 0.*03".# *$0 9"*+ 1.2 *$0 2080.203' 130 31"'".# *$0"3 13/' ".20',1"3 1.2 '-330.203I

M>'"*">.02 ". 30#-)13 ".*03&1)' 1)) 1)>.# *$0 >-*03 71)) '-33>-.2".# *$0 9"*+@ Lc .1R02/0. 130 20,"9*02 $1.#".# >. $"#$ ,>)0'I K$0+ 130 '$>7. ". *$0 '1/0 ')>-9$02 ,>'*-30 1'>. *$0 20,"9*">. >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' '"0#0 >8 Q,1 <Y5IgI1? 1)*$>-#$ *$0"3 13/' 130 9)013)+.>* (>-.2 *>#0*$03 1* *$0 73"'*'I

5. />'* >8 *$0 20,"9*">.' 2"'9-''02 '> 813@ *$0 "/,1)02 7030 1331.#02 ". #3>-,' >8 *$300IK$"' "' .>* *$0 91'0 $030@ 1.2 *$0 .-/(03 >8 8>-3*00. "' ,3>(1()+ .>* /01.* *> (0'"#."8"91.*I K$0 1331.#0/0.* ,30'-/1()+ 30,30'0.*' 9"39-)13 "/,1)0/0.* 13>-.2 *$0 0.*"309"*+@ 1' 20'93"(02 8>3 *$0 '"0#0' >8 6/02" 1.2 Q21 ". dee GH 7$030 '>)2"03' 91,*-302 ". *$0 ,30902".# (1**)0' 7030 "/,1)02 ". *$"' 71+ <Y5ILI1?I

5IgI9I K$0 '"0#0 >8 =19$"'$ ". F_L GH

K$0 />'* 81/>-' 20,"9*">. >8 1 '"0#0 ". 6''+3"1. 13* "' *$1* >8 =19$"'$ ". a-21$ ". F_L GH@1' ,>3*31+02 ". *$0 209>31*">. >8 *$0 ,1)190 >8 ]0..19$03"( <3I F_gPedL GH? ". `".0&0$<y I%e?IcX K$0 '90.0 $1' 8>-.2 #301* 1**0.*">.@ .>* >.)+ (091-'0 >8 "*' 9>..09*">. *> *$0G"()0 (-* 1)'> (091-'0 =19$"'$ $1' (00. 0B91&1*02@ +"0)2".# /1*03"1) 30/1".' >8 *$0 '"0#0". *$0 8>3/ >8 013*$0. 31/,' 1.2 701,>.3+Icc 

XE ;5D6 L .>I gg4 Q;QIiJ,1 Ic_ ;12.03 S_LX@ cceI

cL 6)(0.21 LEde@ ,)I LLSIcS y-9$' LEEc@ SFF4 ]11) 554F4 Q;QI!13J$1J13 IcX Q''"'$R". LEdSIcc Q''"'$R". S__c <31/,?n h>**)"0( S__c <133>7'?n ]1'' P ]-''"'$R". S__c <')".# '*>.0'@ ',013'@ 13/>-3

'91)0'?I

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 16/28

:130. ;12.03116

6#1".'* *$0 $01&")+ 8>3*"8"02 9"*+ 71))'@ *$0 6''+3"1. 8>390' />-.* 1. 1**19R *$1*".9)-20' '1,,".# 1' 70)) 1' *$0 -'0 >8 '"0#0 31/,' 1.2 (1**03".# 31/'@ 7$")0 *$0 2080.203'$1") 133>7'@ '*>.0' 1.2 *>39$0' >.*> *$0/I `013 *$0 9"*+ #1*0@ *7> 6''+3"1. 1-B")"13"0' 31"'0*$300 .1R02 /0. >. $"#$ '*1R0' <y I%F?I K$0"3 ')-/,02 ,>'"*">. 9>330',>.2' *> *$1* >8 *$0

20,"9*">.' ". K"#)1*$J,")0'03N' 1.2 ]13#>.N' '90.0'I ="R0 *$0 /0. 1* *$0 '"0#0 >8 Q,1<Y5IgI1?@ *$0"3 13/' 1,,013 *> (0 (>-.2 *>#0*$03 1* *$0 73"'*' 1.2 *$0+ 8190 171+ 83>/ *$09"*+I 6' Q''"'$R". $1' ,>".*02 >-*@ *$0 /1. ". *$0 3"#$*J$1.2 ,>'"*">. >8 *$0 #3>-,@ 7$>'0 ,>)0 *$0 6''+3"1.' 130 0&"20.*)+ '$>7. ". *$0 ,3>90'' >8 31"'".# -,@ 1,,013' *> 7013 1 $0)J/0*Icg K$"' 903*1".)+ 71' /01.* *> /13R *$0 "/,1)02 /1.N' '*1*-' 1.2 "20.*"*+ 1' 1 $"#$J31.R".# a-201. /")"*13+ 9>//1.203@ 9>330',>.2".# *> 199>-.*' ". *$0 ".'93",*">.'@0',09"1))+ *$0 ,>'*J/>3*0/ "/,1)0/0.* >8 `1(ZJ-W1(W" 1* *$0 '"0#0 >8 $"' 9"*+ ]1331(1.- ".FXL GH <Y5IcI(?I

^317".# >. *$0 1.1)+'"' >8 *$0 )>91) *>,>#31,$+@ Q''"'$R". "' 1()0 *> '-##0'* *$0 ',0J9"8"9 '"*0 7$030 *$0 ,>)0' 7030 0309*02 1' (0".# T1* *$0 (>**>/ >8 *$0 3>1271+ (0)>7 *$0'"0#0 31/,@ ". *$0 *>,>#31,$"91) '122)0 (0*700. *$0 '>-*$70'* 9>3.03 >8 *$0 9"*+ 71)) 1.2*$0 $")) *> "*' '>-*$70'*I K$"' ,13*"9-)13 '"*0 >8 0B09-*">. 71' ,3>(1()+ 9$>'0. '> *$1* 1))

91,*"&0' 1.2 20,>3*00' )01&".# *$0 9"*+ 7>-)2 (0 8>3902 *> 7"*.0'' *$0 *033"()0 ,-."'$/0.*".8)"9*02 >. *$0 *$300 ,3"'>.03' 1' *$0+ ,1''02 1)>.# *$0 3>12 .013(+IUce 5* "' -.9)013 7$0*$03 *$"' "/,1)0/0.* "' ,13* >8 *$0 '*31*0#"0' 20,)>+02 *> 0.8>390 *$0

9"*+N' '-330.203 >3 7$0*$03 "* $1,,0.' 18*03 *$0 9"*+N' 91,*-30I G>*$ >,*">.' 130 801'"()0@ 1'*$0 20,"9*">. /03#0' '90.0' >8 *$0 '"0#0 7"*$ "/1#0' >8 "*' 18*03/1*$@ '$>7".# *$0 6''+3"1.*3>>,' $1-)".# 171+ ',>")' 7$")0 a-201. 81/")"0' 9133+ *$0"3 ,>''0''">.' ".*> *$0"3 .07 )"80". 0B")0I

^1&"2 Q''"'$R". $1' '*-2"02 *$0 20,"9*">. ". 20,*$ 1.2 9>/0' *> *$0 9>.9)-'">. *$1*T*$"' '90.0 '$>-)2 (0 1''>9"1*02 7"*$ *$0 0&0.*' *$1* *31.',"302 18*03 *$0 (1**)0@ 7$0. *$091,*"&0' 1.2 20,>3*00' 7030 0&"9*02 83>/ *$0 9"*+@ 31*$03 *$1. 7"*$ *$0 1**19R >. *$071))'IUcF  5 1#300 7"*$ *$"' 1''0''/0.*I 58 $1,,0.".# 18*03 *$0 9>.C-0'* >8 *$0 9"*+@ *$02"',)1+".# >8 *$0 9>3,'0' >8 *$0 *$300 0.0/+ )01203' 7>-)2 $1&0 (00. 1''>9"1*02 7"*$ *$08)1+".# >8 *7> >*$03 /0.@ 7$"9$ "' 20,"9*02 *> *$0 3"#$* $1.2 '"20 >8 *$0 9"*+ ". (0*700. *$03>7' >8 6''+3"1. *3>>,' 9133+".# 171+ (>>*+ 1.2 >8 a-201. 20,>3*00' *$1* 1,,3>19$ R".#]0..19$03"(@ 1' $0 1,,31"'0' *$0 ,3>9002".#' '01*02 >. $"' *$3>.0 1*>, >8 1 .013(+ $"))I O0130 1)3012+ 81/")"13 7"*$ *$0 9>/(".1*">. >8 "/,1)0/0.* 1.2 8)1+".# >8 *$0 20801*02 0.0J/"0' 83>/ *$0 /0*"9-)>-')+ '*1#02 ',09*19)0 >8 ,-."'$/0.* 18*03 *$0 91,*-30 >8 ]-3- ". ddSGH <Y5ILI9?I

5IeI%

1.1% 1W

ī

W %1)

 

)-%

T*>%$1. %>.%1%,>)0U% .% .'93 ,* >.'%>8%]0..19$03 (%1.2%

%%%%%%%6''-3(1. ,1)%

K$0 ,$31'0 1.1 #1W ī  W" 1) ā )- T*> $1.# >. 1 ,>)0U "' 1**0'*02 ". 199>-.*' ". *$0 ".'93",*">.' >8]0..19$03"( 1.2 $"' #31.2'>. 6''-3(1.",1) <3I eeEP9I eX_ GH?I 5. (>*$ ".'*1.90'@ 0&0.*'18*03 *$0 9>.C-0'* >8 1 30(0) 9"*+ 130 30)1*02 1.2 "* "' 0B,)"9"*)+ '*1*02 *$1* *$0 (>2"0' 130*$>'0 >8 2012 0.0/"0'I

cg Q''"'$R". S__X@ SLXPSLcIce Q''"'$R". S__X@ SL_@ SLS </1,?IcF Q''"'$R". S__X@ S_EI

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 17/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 117

O0 $1&0 1)3012+ '00. *$1* 1)'> *$0 >*$03 0B,30''">. *> -'0 *$0 *03/  #1W ī  W-   <".1 #1W ī  W"31**Z T*> 8"B *> 1 ,>)0U@ 1' 1**0'*02 ". *$0 ".'93",*">.' >8 6''-3.1'"3,1) 55 1.2 ]$1)/1.0'035554 Y5IS? 30803' *> *$0 2"',)1+".# >8 9>3,'0'@ 31*$03 *$1. *> 0B09-*">. (+ "/,1)0/0.*@ >. *$0*+,0 >8 KJ'$1,02 #"((0* 20,"9*02 ". *$0 '"0#0 '90.0' ". *$0 30)"08' >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555@

]13#>. 55 1.2 ]0..19$03"( <Y5Ig?IO0 7")) 2"'9-'' 1 8-3*$03 1**0'*1*">. >8 *$0 ,$31'0 1.1 #1W ī  W" 1) ā )- >. 1 '*0)0 >8

]0..19$03"( (0)>7 <Y55IL?I

5IeI1I K$0 91,*-30 >8 !"3"//- 2-3".# F_cPF_S GH

\13">-' 02"*">.' >8 ]0..19$03"(N' 1..1)' 83>/ F__ GH >.7132' 9>.*1". 1 ,1''1#0 9>.J903.".# *$0 91,*-30 >8 *$0 9"*+ !"3"//-@ 7$"9$ 71' 9>.C-0302 2-3".# $"' 91/,1"#. 1#1".'*G1(+)>."1 '>/0*"/0' (0*700. F_cPF_S GH4 T5 ,-* *> *$0 '7>32 *$0 ,>,-)1*">. >8 *$0 9"*+!"3"//-@ 1 21.#03>-' 0.0/+@ 1.2 5 2"2 .>* ',130 1 '".#)0 >.0I 5 $-.# *$0"3 9>3,'0' >. ,>)0' 1.2 ,)1902 <*$0/? 13>-.2 *$0 9"*+IUcd 

K$0 ,$31'".# /1R0' "* 0B,)"9"* *$1* 2012 (>2"0' 7030 (0".# 2"',)1+02 >. '*1R0' 18*03 *$09"*+ $12 (00. *1R0.I K$0 1331.#0/0.* 13>-.2 *$0 0.*"30 9"*+ /"33>3' *$0 20,"9*">. >8 *$0

'"0#0 >8 !13$13 ". FLe GH <Y5IgI(? 1.2 3091))' *$0 0&0.*' 2-3".# *$0 '"0#0' >8 6/02" 1.2Q21 ". dee GH@ 7$030 )"&0 0.0/+ '>)2"03' 7030 "/,1)02 ". *$"' 71+ <Y5ILI1?I

5IeI(I K$0 91,*-30 >8 6RR> ". *$0 eg_' GH

6' ,13* >8 1 /")"*13+ 91/,1"#. 1#1".'* *$0 631( *3"(0' ". *$0 eg_' GH@ *$0 6''+3"1. 8>390'1**19R *$0 9"*+ >8 6RR> ". />203. 5'310)I T5 R"))02 *$0 ".'-(>32".1*0 ,0>,)0 >8 6RR>I 5 $-.#*$0"3 9>3,'0' >. ,>)0' 1.2 ,)1902 <*$0/? 13>-.2 *$0 9"*+IUcE 6#1".@ *$0 ,1''1#0 0B,)"9"*)+/0.*">.' *$1* *$0 &"9*"/' 130 1)3012+ 2012I

55I 5/,1)0/0.* 1' 1 ,-."'$/0.* ". )0#1) ,319*"90

K$"' '09*">. ,30'0.*' 1**0'*1*">.' 8>3 *$0 ,$31'0' 1.1 #1W ī  W" 1) ā )- T*> $1.# >. 1 ,>)0U <[email protected] V1C ī   ," W1R ā .- T*> ,-* >. 1 '*1R0U <Y55IS? 1.2 V1C ā  ,- T*> '*1R0U <Y55IX?I K$0 )1'* *7>0B,30''">.' 130 1**0'*02 ". &13">-' 139$"&1) *0B*'@ 73"**0. ". 6''+3"1. >3 G1(+)>."1. )1.J#-1#0I K$0 ,$31'0 1.1 V1C ī   ," W1R ā .- "' -'02 ". )0**03' 83>/ *$0 '*1*0 9>330',>.20.90 >8R".#' ]13#>. 55@ A'13$122>. 1.2 6''-3(1.",1) 7$")0 >.0 )0#1) 2>9-/0.* 83>/ *$0 +013 F__GH 0/,)>+' *$0 *+,"91))+ *03'0 )1.#-1#0 >8 *$"' *0B* #0.30 1.2 '"/,)+ -'0' *$0 &03( V1C ā  ,-*> 30803 *> "/,1)0/0.*I

cd ;5`6M XuL .>I c4 Le <F__ GH? uu .>I Le " dLP"" L <eEe GH? uu .>I LF " F_PFX <eEc GH? uu .>I Ld " gvvPEvv<eEL GH? uu .>I SS " gFPe_ <edE GH? uu .>I SX " gSPgg <eEL GH? uu ;5`6M XuS .>I LXd " LgvPLdv <eEE >3eEd GH?4 (1J$-J)1J*"   uu (1J$-J)1J*0   Q;QI!"J3"/J/0   =iI:i; 1RJ " " "J.1   h5kIKQ:Q= uu

h5kIKQ:Q=IDAk mJW1/JC"*J/1 0J2- -) 0JV"( ,1#J3"JWmJ-.  uu ,1#J3"JW-J-. "J.1 #1JW"JW" 1J)-)J/1 '"J$"3J*"  Q;Q mJW1)J/0I cE G>3#03 LEEe@ eE4 M3"'/ 6 "B LSSPLSc4 Q`IDAk Q;QI6RJR-J- )1 R1.JW-J*" 1J."3  =iIG6^IDAkJWmJ.-

".1  h5kI #1JW"JW"  uu  #1JW"JW" 1J)-)  '"J$"3J*"  Q;Q mJW1)J/" uu mJW1)J/0 uu G>3#03 LEEe@ dL4 h>**0'(3"08 30&I ""L4 ".1  h5kI #1JW"JW" =iIG6^IDAkJWmJ.- 1J)-) <,30902".# ,1''1#0 >. >(&03'0 (3>R0. >88?I 

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 18/28

:130. ;12.03118

O$1* 1)) *$0'0 1**0'*1*">.' $1&0 ". 9>//>. "' *$1* *$0+ 20'93"(0 "/,1)0/0.* 1' 1 ,-.J"'$/0.* 8>3 *$0 2"309* '-(b09*' >8 *$0 6''+3"1. R".# <7$"9$ ".9)-202 G1(+)>."1.' 2-3".# *$00.*"30 30"#. >8 A'13$122>. 1.2 '>/0 >8 *$0 30"#. >8 6''-3(1.",1)?I

55ILI%

1.1% 1W

ī

W %1)

 

)-%

T*>%$1. %>.%1%,>)0U% .%1.% .'93 ,* >.%>8%]0..19$03 (%

]0..19$03"( $12 *$0 ;>+1) ;>12 *31&03'".# `".0&0$ (3>120.02 1' ,13* >8 "*' *31.'8>3/1*">.".*> $"' .07 91,"*1) 9"*+ 1.2 0309*02 1 .-/(03 >8 '*0)0' 1)>.# *$0 3>12'"20 ". >3203 *> 9>/J/0/>31*0 *$"' 2002 1' 70)) 1' ,3>*09* *$0 3>12 "*'0)8I K$0 8".1) ,1''1#0 >8 *$0 ".'93",*">.".9"'02 >. *$0'0 '*0)0'g_ 20*1")' *$0 ,-."'$/0.* 171"*".# 1.+>.0 7$> 7>-)2 2"'*-3( "*' .079>-3'0I K$0 ,0.1)*+ 2093002 8>3 '-9$ 1 (3019$ >8 (-")2".# 30#-)1*">.' "' 3"#>3>-'@ 1' *$093"/0 9>.'*"*-*0' *$0 &03+ '03">-' >880.'0 >8 9>.*0/,* 1#1".'* '*1*0 1.2 93>7.4

T6* 1.+ *"/0@ 7$0. <1.+>.0 >8? *$0 ,0>,)0 )"&".# ". *$"' 9"*+ *013' 2>7. $"' >)2$>-'0 1.2 (-")2' 1 .07 >.0 P "8 *$0 8>-.21*">. >8 $"' $>-'0 0.93>19$0' -,>. *$0;>+1) ;>12@ *$0+ 7")) $1.# $"/ >. 1 ,>)0 >&03 $"' $>-'0IUgL 

6' 70 $1&0 1)3012+ 2"'9-''02@ *$0 0B,30''">. 1.1 #1W ī  W" 1) ā )-  "' 1**0'*02 1)'> 0)'07$030

". *$0 ".'93",*">.' >8 ]0..19$03"( 1.2 *$>'0 >8 6''-3(1.",1) <Y5Ie?@ (-* *$0. ". *$0 9>.*0B*>8 *$0 30*3"(-*">. /0*02 >-* 1#1".'* 30(0))">-' 9"*"0' 18*03 *$0"3 91,*-30I 5.83".#0/0.* >8 *$01301 30'03&02 8>3 *$0 ;>+1) ;>12@ 1.2 *$0308>30 93>7. 1.2 '*1*0 ,3>,03*+@ /03"*' *$0 &03+'1/0 '0&030 ,-."'$/0.*@ 1.2 "*' )>91*">. "' b-'* 1' 9)>'0)+ "20.*"8"02 7"*$ *$0 '"*0 >8 *$093"/04 *$0 >880.203N' 9>3,'0 "' *> (0 2"',)1+02 1* *$0 $>-'0 7$>'0 0309*">. $1' 91-'02 "/J ,1"3/0.* *> *$0 ;>+1) ;>12I

55ISI%1.1%V1Cī, %W1R .-%T*>%,-*%>.%1%'*1R0U% .%*$0%6''+3 1.%'*1*0%9>330',>.20.90%

 `>.0 >8 *$0 0B,30''">.' 2"'9-''02 '> 813 ". *$"' ,1,03 130 1**0'*02 ". *$0 139$"&1) *0B*'I K$"'"' .>* '-3,3"'".# 1' *$0 )0B"9>. -'02 8>3 3>+1) ".'93",*">.' 2"8803' 9>.'"2031()+ 83>/ *$1* >8*$0 9>.*0/,>313+ 6''+3"1. 1.2 G1(+)>."1. 2"1)09*'I 5. )0**03' 83>/ *$0 9>330',>.20.90' >8*$0 6''+3"1. R".#' ]13#>. 55@ A'13$122>. <3I edLPeeE GH? 1.2 6''-3(1.",1)@ 70 8".2 *$0 ,$31'0 1.1 V1C ī   ," W1R ā .- T*> ,-* >. 1 '*1R0U 7$"9$@ 1' *$0 9>.*0B*' /1R0 1(-.21.*)+ 9)013@'*1.2' 8>3 19*-1) "/,1)0/0.*I K$0308>30@ 7$")0 *$0 )1*0 d*$  1.2 F*$ 90.*-3+ 0&"20.90 83>/3>+1) ".'93",*">.' 1.2 "/,03"1) 13* 2>0' .>* ,3>&"20 -' 7"*$ 0&"20.90 8>3 "/,1)0/0.* 1' 1/01.' >8 0B09-*">. <Y5IgI(n Y5IgI9n Y5Ie?@ *$0 139$"&1) '>-390' 20/>.'*31*0 *$1* *$0 ,319*"909>.*".-02 *> (0 -'02I

5/,1)0/0.* "' 1**0'*02 1' 1 *$301* ". *$0 91'0 >8 1 91)) *> /-'*03 8>3 1 /")"*13+ 91/,1"#.<Y55ISI1? 1.2 1' 1 301)"*+ ". *$300 '0,131*0 >991'">.' ". G1(+)>."1@ 7$030 )>91) 1-*$>3"*"0'0/,)>+ *$"' ,-."'$/0.* *> 1&0.#0 93"/0' >8 9>.*0/,* 1#1".'* *$0 93>7. 1.2 '*1*0 >3@ ". >.091'0@ *$0 #>2' <Y55ISI(?I O$030&03 *$0 9"39-/'*1.90' 130 9)013@ *$0 '"*0 >8 *$0 0B09-*">. "'',09"8"02 1.2 $1' 1 '*3>.# 9>..09*">. *> *$0 93"/0I

g_ ;12.03 S_Lc@ FLPFSIgL ;5`6M XuL .>I Xd4 ScPSF4 /1J*"J/1  Q`IDAk 1JW"J(-J-*  Q;Q WlJ1JWm W1  wJ'- )1J("J3- "J.1CJC1J3-J/1

0WJW- "J(1.J.-Jm W1 -WJW0  wJWm 1J.1 #03J3"  =Qh6= "3J3-J(1 " 0J03  wJW- 1J.1 #1JW"JW" ")J)1J)-JWm  

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 19/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 119

55ISI1I K$301*0.02 ". 1 3>+1) >3203 "''-02 (+ ]13#>. 55

5. 1 3>+1) >3203 >8 ]13#>. 55 *$1* 91))' 8>3 1. -3#0.* /-'*03 >8 91&1)3+@ *$0 "//0.'0 "/J ,>3*1.90 >8 $"' 30C-0'* "' 0/,$1'"V02 (+ *$301*0.".# *$0 )"80 >8 1.+>.0 7$> 7>-)2 91-'0 120)1+4 TO$>0&03 "' )1*0 7")) (0 ,-* >. 1 '*1R0 ". *$0 /"22)0 >8 $"' $>-'0IUgS 58 1.+>.0 21302*> '-,,)+ *>> 807 >3 *$0 73>.# R".2 >8 *3>>,'@ *$0. *$0 ,-."'$/0.* 7>-)2 0B*0.2 (0+>.2$"' >7. "/,1)0/0.* *> *$0 0B09-*">. >8 $"' 9$")230.4 TO$>0&03 9$1.#0' *$0 o9>.*".#0.* z >8p *$0 9"*+ 7")) 1)'> (0 ,-* >. 1 '*1R0 ". *$0 /"22)0 >8 $"' $>-'0@ 1.2 $"' '>.' 1.2 21-#$*03'7")) (0 ')1-#$*0302 (+ $"' <>7.? >3203IUgX 

K$0 0B90''"&0 '0&03"*+ >8 *$0 ,-."'$/0.* /1+ ,03$1,' (0 '00. 1' 1 /030 3$0*>3"91)8)>-3"'$ >8 *$0 3>+1) 9$1.90))03+@ 0B,1.2".# >. *$1* '*>9R ,$31'0 >8 0B*30/0 -3#0.9+@T]$>-)2 0&0. >.0 21+ ,1'' (+@ +>- 7")) 2"0IUgc G-* ". >3203 *> (0 08809*"&0@ '-9$ *$301*'/-'* $1&0 1 3>>*".# ". 301)"*+I f('*3-9*".# *$0 ".*3"91*0 )>#"'*"9' 9>..09*02 7"*$ *$0 /-'*03>8 *$0 13/+@ ".9)-2".# ,3>&"'">.".# 1.2 ("))0*".# *$0 /0. 1.2 1."/1)'@gg 7>-)2 .>* >.)+91-'0 09>.>/"9 21/1#0 (-* 1)'> $13/ /")"*13+ 2"'9",)".0 1.2 />31)0I 6.+ (0$1&">3 >. *$0 ,13* >8 *$>'0 30',>.'"()0 8>3 *$0 /-'*03 *$1* 9>-)2 "/,1"3 *$0 >&031)) 088>3* *> 1''0/()0 *$013/+ 7>-)2 *$0308>30 9>.'*"*-*0 1 &03+ '03">-' >880.'0@ 20/>.'*31*".# 9>.*0/,* 1#1".'*

'*1*0 1.2 93>7.@ 1.2 7>-)2 .002 *> (0 ,-."'$02 7"*$ 9>330',>.2".# '0&03"*+I6' *$0 9$")230.N' R"))".# "' '*1*02 0B,)"9"*)+@ -'".# *$0 -.1/("#->-' &03( ! 1( ā $- T*>

')1-#$*03U@ "* '00/' 9)013 *$1* 1)'> *$0 ,$31'0 1.1 V1C ī   ," W1R ā .- 30803' *> 1 8>3/ >8 0B0J9-*">.@ 1.2 .>* /030)+ *$0 2"',)1+ >8 *$0 9>3,'0'I a-'* ". *$0 91'0 >8 30(0) )01203'@"/,1)0/0.* "' 1. ".$030.*)+ 8"**".# ,0.1)*+ 8>3 '>/0>.0 7$> 1(-'02 $"' )01203'$", ". &">)1J*">. >8 *$0 30C-"30/0.*' >8 *$0 6''+3"1. '*1*0 1.2 93>7.I

6' 70 $1&0 1)'> '00. 830C-0.*)+@ *$0 )>91*">. >8 *$0 0B09-*">. "' "/,>3*1.* 1.2 *$0308>30/0.*">.02 0B,)"9"*)+ ". *$0 ,30'0.* 91'0I K$0 9>..09*">. /120 7"*$ *$0"3 $>-'0' 1' *$0 '"*0>8 0B09-*">. 1.2 2"',)1+@ 1.2 1)'> *$0 /0.*">. >8 *$0"3 9$")230. 1' 122"*">.1) &"9*"/' ". *$091'0 >8 *$0 '09>.2 '90.13"> $"#$)"#$*' *$1* *$>'0 30',>.'"()0 8>3 *$0 )>91) /-'*03 7030/0/(03' >8 *$0 30',09*"&0 9>//-."*"0'@ 31*$03 *$1. >88"9"1)' 2"',1*9$02 83>/ *$0 90.*30 8>3*$0 ',09"8"9 >991'">.I ]$>-)2 *$0 /-'*03 81")@ *$0+ $1&0 81")02 ". *$0"3 91,19"*+ >8 9>/J

/-."*+ )01203' 1.2 *$0"3 ,-."'$/0.* "' *> *1R0 ,)190 7$030 *$0+ >32".13")+ 0B039"'0 *$0"31-*$>3"*+I

55ISI(I 5. *$0 `1(Z *0/,)0 1* G>3'",,1 2-3".# *$0 30"#. >8 A'13$122>.

5. 1 )0**03 >8 D13J5''13@ A'13$122>.N' 1#0.* 30',>.'"()0 8>3 *$0 30>3#1."V1*">. >8 *$0 *0/J ,)0' ". G1(+)>."1@ *$0 "/,1)0/0.* >8 *$300 /0. "' /0.*">.02 ". *$0 9>.*0B* >8 1 30,>3* >.*0/,)0 1881"3' ". *$0 9"*+ >8 G>3'",,14 T]")- >8 *$0 h1/(-)- *3"(0@ `1(ZJV031J"(." 83>/ G"*J5( 1.2 oM`p 83>/ ^-3Jk133-R-4 o*$0'0 /0.p@ 1)*>#0*$03 *$300@ $1&0 (00. '$1o&02pge 1.2 ,-*

gS ]66 L SS4 L_PLS4 /1.J.- Wl "J/13JR-J." 1J.1 V1JCsJ," C1J1(J'"  wJW- "JWlJR-J.-I gX ]66 L SS 30&I LPL_4 W1 1J.1  o‚ W1 p Q;Q mJ.1JR1Jl3J-J." 1J.1 WlJWmJ/1 1J.1 V1JCsJ," C1 Jo1( pJ'"  wJW- "J 

WlJR-.JWm  ̂ QDQIDAkJWm  ̂ QDQIDjIDAkJWm ".1 ,"J"JW- mJ ! 1J(-J$-I gc ]66 L Se4 30&I L_PLL4 LJ0.  QcJ/-  o0J*0 pJ*"J"C *1J/-J1* I 6)'> ]66 L SF4 Sv <". (3>R0. 9>.*0B*?I

gg D133">** P ;12.03 S_Lg@ LSdPLSEIge ;0'*>3".# *$0 (3>R0. &03( 1' -#J21 Jo)"( JWmJ.- p@ 1' 5 $1&0 2>.0 $030@ "' .>* 903*1".I K$0 &03(  #-))-(-  T*>'$1&0U "' 70)) 1**0'*02 ". *0/,)0 9>.*0B*' ". 6''+3"1 1.2 G1(+)>."1I K$030 130@ $>70&03@ .> ,131))0)' 8>3"*' -'0 ". *$0 ,30'0.* 9>.*0B*I K$0 02"*">. >8 M13,>)1 LEEX $1' -#J21 JoBJWmJ.- p 1.2 )01&0' *$0 ,1''1#07"*$>-* *31.')1*">.I

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 20/28

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 21/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 121

K$0 '09>.2 ".'*1.90 >8 "/,1)0/0.* "' 30,>3*02 8>3 *$0 *033"*>3+ >8 *$0 631/101.h-3-/- *3"(0@ ". 1 )0**03 7$>'0 '0.203N' .1/0 "' )>'*I K$0 0&0.*' 20'93"(02 130 )"R0)+ *>$1&0 >99-3302 2-3".# *$0 *"/0 >8 6''-3(1.",1)N' 713 1#1".'* k1/1WJW-/-J-R".@ 1' *$0 9"*+>8 G1(+)>. ,3>&"202 (-'".0'' >,,>3*-."*"0' 1.2 1 '180 $1&0. 8>3 1 93"/".1) 7$>/ *$0

6''+3"1. 1-*$>3"*"0' 7030 01#03 *> 1,,30$0.2I K$0 &"))1". "' 9$1319*03"V02 >.)+ 1' 9>/".#83>/ K1(1)@ 1 30#">. ". H0.*31) 6.1*>)"1 '>-*$70'* >8 *$0 h301* ]1)* =1R0@ C-"*0 ,>''"()+ (091-'0 $"' 6.1*>)"1. .1/0 71' -.,3>.>-.901()0 8>3 $"' G1(+)>."1. 9>.*0/,>313"0' 1.2308030.90 *> $"' 0B>*"9 ,)190 >8 >3"#".' 71' 0.>-#$ *> "20.*"8+ $"/I

 `>7 *$1* *$0 80)>. $1' 8".1))+ (00. 20*1".02 1* 1. -."20.*"8"02 8>3*30''@ *$0 9>330J',>.20.* 71.*' *> '00 $"/ ,-."'$02 1.2 30/".2' *$0 R".# *$1* $0 $"/'0)8 $12 *$0 &"))1".'N)>91) $0.9$/0. "/,1)024 TH>.903.".# *$0 /1. 83>/ K1(1)@ 7$> "' 1* *$0 8>3*30''@ /1+ /+)>32 '0**)0 $"' 91'0} !0 '*>)0 *$".#' 1.2 '>)2 *$0/ *> G1(+)>.I O$0. +>-3 '03&1.* <"I0I@ *$0)0**03 73"*03? $0132 >8 "*@ $0 ,-* >. '*1R0' *$0 h-3-/- *3"(0'/0. 7$> 7030 7"*$ $"/I !0@$>70&03@ 31. 171+ 1.2 0.*0302 G1(+)>.IUeX K$0 )0**03 9>.*".-0' 7"*$ 20*1")' >8 *$0 &"))1".N''-('0C-0.* 93"/0' 1.2 *$0 -.'-990''8-) 1**0/,*' *> (3".# $"/ *> )17I

55IXI%

V1C

 

,-%

T*>% /,1)0U% .%1%)0 1)%2>9-/0.*%83>/%*$0%30 .%>8%]0..19$03 (%

5. 1 3090",* 83>/ `".0&0$@ 21*02 *> *$0 +013 F__ GH@ *$0 9"39-/'*1.90' >8 1 ,1+/0.* >8'")&03 130 (3"08)+ 2>9-/0.*02 (08>30 *$0 9>/,)0*0 '0**)0/0.* >8 *$0 >()"#1*">. "' 903*"8"02ITK$0 *$"0&0' 7$> 7030 "/,1)02 >. *$0 $>-'0 >8 k-//1J")1." P :"2".J")" *>>R LX /".1' >8'")&03 83>/ *$0 *$"0&0' 1.2 #1&0 "* *> k-//1J")1."I 5* $1' (00. ,1"2 ". 8-))IUec 

O$")0 *$0 0B19* 9"39-/'*1.90' >8 *$0 93"/0 30/1". ".20*03/".1*0@ "* "' 9)013 *$1* *$0 0BJ09-*">. >8 *$0 9-),3"*' *>>R ,)190 1* *$0 '"*0 >8 *$0"3 &">)1*">.@ *$0 $>-'0 >8 k-//1J")1."7$>'0 8".1.9"1) 9>/,0.'1*">. 83>/ *$0"3 0'*1*0 *$0 3090",* 2>9-/0.*'I 6#1".@ *$0 )>91)2"/0.'">. >8 "/,1)0/0.* "' ,3>/".0.*)+ '*30''02 1.2@ 1' -'-1)@ *$0 '"*0 >8 *$0 ,-."'$/0.*9>330',>.2' *> *$0 '"*0 >8 *$0 93"/0I 6)*$>-#$ *$0 *03'0 )1.#-1#0 >8 *$0 *0B* 2>0' .>* ,03/"*903*1".*+@ *$0 ,131))0) 91'0' >8 1)"0.1*">. >8 ,3>,03*+ <Y55IS? 7>-)2 /1R0 "* '00/ &03+ )"R0)+*$1* V1C ā  ,- '*1.2' 8>3 19*-1) "/,1)0/0.*@ 1.2 .>* /030)+ *$0 2"',)1+ >8 *$0 9>3,'0' >8 *$020)".C-0.*'I

H>.9)-'">.

;08030.90' (>*$ ". *$0 73"**0. 1.2 *$0 ,"9*>3"1) 309>32' >8 *$0 6''+3"1. A/,"30 /1R0 "* ,>''"()0 *> 20'93"(0 "/,1)0/0.* 1' *$0 ,-3,>'08-))+ ,-()"9 1.2 $"#$)+ &"'"()0 0B09-*">. >8'0)09* ".2"&"2-1)'@ 1)71+' 1 20)"(031*0@ 9>.'"20302 19*I 5/,1)0/0.* 0/03#0' 83>/ *$0 30)0J&1.* '>-390' 1' 1. 0B*30/0 1.2 0B0/,)13+ 71+ *> >,0.)+ 1.2 "330&>91()+ R"))I f.90 *$0&"9*"/ $1' (00. ,)1902 >. *$0 '*1R0@ *$0 8>390 >8 #31&"*+ '17 *> "* *$1* *$030 71' .> 71+ *>

eX ]66 Ld LF_4 XPLL4 olW pJWm   =iIK1J(1)J1J1 Wl ".1   Gr^ oA`pJ1 2"J."JWm )"J,-J-W   oR" pJ" "WJ3"JC- 1J.1  

:…IG6GG6; o1 pJ.1   :qI^5`h5; "*J*1J2".   6;6^JR1 R"J" "WJ/-Jm   =iIh-J3-J/1J1J1 Wl "*J*"JWm 1J.1  h5kIV1JCsJ,1J.- ")J*1RJ.- † W-Jm R"J" "$J)"JC- 1J.1  :qI^5`h5; "J*0 J‡(- ̂ J3-J-(I ec ]66 e Xg4 LPe4 o=i‰pI=Q=IDAk W1 ".1  QhQ w M`km/J/1  P^5`h5;IDAk4 "VJC1J,-J-J."  LX D6I`6

:…IG6GG6; M`:"J2".  P^5`h5; K6‰ 5h5 =i‰I=Q=IDAk4 "*J*1J " 1  1J.1   M`km/J/1  P^5`h5;IDAk "*J *"J2".  W1)J)-J/- ]QDJ."I 

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 22/28

:130. ;12.03122

-.2> *$0 R"))".#I h31.*".# /039+ 71' "/,>''"()0I G-* *$0 ,30,131*">.' 8>3 1331.#".# *$0 ,)190 >8 0B09-*">.@ ,-3,>'08-))+ 9$>'0. 8>3 $"#$ &"'-1) "/,19* >. *$0 ".*0.202 1-2"0.90@*>>R *"/0 1.2 >880302 *$0308>30 1/,)0 >,,>3*-."*"0' 8>3 *$0 *13#0* 1-2"0.90 *> 91)) 8>3 1'*>,I K$"' 1',09* /1R0' "/,1)0/0.* 1. 08809*"&0 *>>) ". '"0#0 7138130@ 0',09"1))+ "8 *$0

".*0.202 &"9*"/' 7030 ,3>/".0.* 1.2 &1)-1()0 /0/(03' >8 *$0 *13#0* 1-2"0.90N' 9>//-J."*+I

K$0 #301* "/,>3*1.90 >8 *$0 ,-()"9 ',190 1.2 *$0 ".*0.202 08809*' >. *$0 1-2"0.90 )".R"/,1)0/0.* .>* b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

f. *$0 >*$03 $1.2@ "/,1)0/0.* 9>.'*"*-*02 1 *>>) ". *$0 0/,"30N' 30,03*>"30 >8 )0#1) ,319*"90 <Y55?@ -'02 ". 91'0' >8 9>.*0/,* 1#1".'* *$0 '*1*0@ '-9$ 1' &">)1*">. >8 /")"*13+ 2"'J

9",)".0 >3 >8 '*1*0 ,3>,03*+@ 1.2 (3019$ >8 *$0 ,-()"9 ,0190 9>..09*02 *> 3>((03+@ 1(2-9*">.1.2 #31.2 )1390.+ P ". '$>3*@ 30(0))">-' (0$1&">-3@ 2"'3-,*"&0 *> *$0 '*1*0 1-*$>3"*+I 6 8-3J*$03 ,131))0) 7"*$ "*' -'0 1#1".'* ,3>/".0.* 30(0)' ". '"0#0 7138130 "' *$0 "/,>3*1.90 1'J'"#.02 *> *$0 "201 *$1* *$0 0B09-*">. 1.2 *$0 '-('0C-0.* 2"',)1+ >8 *$0 (>2+ (0 9)>'0)+ 9>.J.09*02 *> *$0 )>91*">. >8 *$0 93"/0I

O0 /1+ ,>'*-)1*0 *$1* *$0 -'0 >8 "/,1)0/0.* 1' 1 ,-."'$/0.* 1#1".'* 6''+3"1. '-(b09*'7"*$". *$0 (>-.213"0' >8 *$0 6''+3"1. '*1*0 71' "*' ,3"/13+ -'0@ 20',"*0 *$0 819* *$1* *$01**0'*1*">.' 8>3 "*' 0/,)>+/0.* ". '"0#0 7138130 130 813 />30 .-/03>-' 1.2 >8*0. >)203I 5.9>.*31'* *> *$0 3>+1) ".'93",*">.'@ 7$"9$ 2>9-/0.* "/,1)0/0.* ". *$0 9>.*0B* >8 713813083>/ *$0 E*$ 90.*-3+ GH >.7132'@ 30)0&1.* 139$"&1) '>-390' 130 >.)+ 1&1")1()0 8>3 *$0 )1*0 d*$ 1.2 *$0 F*$ 90.*-3+ GH@ (-* *$"' >.)+ 308)09*' *$0 (1'"9 1&1")1(")"*+ >8 *$0 ,3"/13+ '>-390/1*03"1)I f. *$0 >*$03 $1.2@ 1. 013)+ ,1''1#0 ". 6''-3.1'"3,1) 55N' 1..1)' ,3>/".0.*)+ 20J*1")' ". *$0 9>.*0B* >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 ]-3-@ 30'-)*".# 83>/ &">)0.* 2+.1'*"9 9$1.#0 ". *$06''+3"1. 9)"0.* R".#2>/ >8 G"*J!1)-,0 ". ddS GH@ $>7 *$0 R".# '>-#$* *> 1,,)+ *$0 '1/0R".2 >8 b-'*"90 *> (>*$ $"' 2"309* '-(b09*' 1.2 *$0 ".$1("*1.*' >8 $"' 9)"0.* '*1*0' <Y5ILI9?I K$0"/,1)0/0.* >8 *$0 3".#)01203' >8 *$0 -'-3,1*">. 1**0/,* 71' 1 ,3>/".0.* ,13* >8 201)".#7"*$ 7$1* 6''-3.1'"3,1) 9>.90,*-1)"'02 1' 1. 1.*"J6''+3"1. ".'-3#0.9+I

K$0308>30@ 70 /-'* .>* '00 "/,1)0/0.* <1.2@ -'02 ". *$1* ,1''1#0 1.2 0)'07$030 ". *1.J20/@ 8)1+".#? 1' 1. 0B90''"&0)+ (3-*1) ,-."'$/0.* -'02 1#1".'* 1 20$-/1."'02 0.0/+I O0$1&0 *> 309>#."V0 *$"' ,0.1)*+ 8"3'* 1.2 8>30/>'* 1' 1 *>>) >8 6''+3"1. )0#1) ,319*"90 1.2 b-'*"90I 5. *$0 013)+ E*$ 90.*-3+ GH@ "*' 0'*1()"'$02 -'0 8>3 *$0 R".#N' 2"309* '-(b09*' ". #31&0/1**03' >8 9>.*0/,* 1#1".'* *$0 '*1*0 1.2 (3019$ >8 ,-()"9 ,0190 71' 0B*0.202 *> 1,,)+ 1)'>*> *$0 30(0) )01203' ". *$0 9)"0.* '*1*0' ". *$0 93-9"()0 >8 A/,"30@ 1* 1 *"/0 7$0. *$06''+3"1. R".#N' 9)1"/ *> -."&03'1) '>&030"#.*+ ".9301'".#)+ /-22)02 8>3/1) 2"'*".9*">.' (0*700. ,3>&".90 1.2 9)"0.* '*1*0I

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 23/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 123

y"#-30'

y"#I L4 K$0 '"0#0 >8 ^1("#-@ 1' 20,"9*02 >. G1.2 5\1 >8 ]$1)/1.0'03 555N' 209>31*02 (3>.V0#1*0' >8 *$0 D1/- *0/,)0 1* 5/#-3J5))") <G1)171*?I 621,*02 83>/ 20*1") ,$>*>' ". :".# LELg@ ,)I || 1.2 ||5I

y"#I S4 68*03 *$0 91,*-30 >8 1. Q313*"1. 9"*+@ ,>''"()+ ]-#-."1@ 1' 20,"9*02 >. G1.2 551 >8]$1)/1.0'03 555N' 209>31*02 (3>.V0 #1*0' >8 *$0 D1/- *0/,)0 1* 5/#-3J5))") <G1)171*?I621,*02 83>/ 20*1") ,$>*>' ". :".# LELg@ ,)I \55 1.2 \555I

y"#I X4 68*03 *$0 91,*-30 >8 :-))"/03"@ 1' 20,"9*02 >. G1.2 |( >8 ]$1)/1.0'03 555N' 209>J31*02 (3>.V0 #1*0' >8 *$0 D1/- *0/,)0 1* 5/#-3J5))") <G1)171*?I 621,*02 83>/ 20*1") ,$>*>' ". :".# LELg@ ,)I =\55 1.2 M".9$0' P G"39$ LddSPLE_S@ ,)I ̂ XI 

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 24/28

:130. ;12.03124

y"#I c4 K$0 '"0#0 >8 Q,1@ 1' 20,"9*02 >. *$0 71)) 209>31*">. >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555N' ,1)190". :1)$-IM$>*>' >8 *7> >3"#".1) ')1(' <G3"*"'$ D-'0-/@ DA LLgeXcŠLLdE_X? 9>/(".02 7"*$ 1 2317".# >8 1 .>7 )>'* ,13*>8 *$0 '90.0 (+ 6I !I =1+132I 621,*02 83>/ G13.0** P y1)R.03 LEeS@ ,)I |||\55 1.2 |=I 

y"#I g4 K$0 '"0#0 >8 !13$13@ 1' 20,"9*02 >. *$0 71)) 209>31*">. >8 ]13#>. 55N' ,1)190 ". ^-3Jk133-R0.I^317".# >8 *$0 )>703 30#"'*03 >8 1 '*>.0 ')1( 83>/ ;>>/ 55 (+ A-#0.0 y)1.2". <>3"#".1) )>'*?I ;0,3>2-902 83>/G>**1 P y)1.2". LdcE@ ,)I ggI

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 25/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 125

y"#I e4 K$0 '"0#0 >8 =19$"'$ ". F_L GH@ 1' 20,"9*02 >. *$0 71)) 209>31*">. >8 ]0..19$03"(N' ,1)190 ". `".0&0$I ]*>.0 ')1( 83>/ *$0 71)) 209>31*">. >8 ;>>/ |||\5 ". :".#]0..19$03"(N' ]>-*$70'* M1)190 ". ̀ ".0&0$I G3"*"'$ D-'0-/@ DA LScE_ePLScE_FI‹ K$0 K3-'*00' >8 *$0 G3"*"'$ D-'0-/I

y"#I F4 ^0*1") >8 *$0 '"0#0 >8 =19$"'$ ". F_L GHI;0,3>2-902 83>/ Q''"'$R". S__X@ SLLI 

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 26/28

:130. ;12.03126

6((30&"1*">.'

H6^ K$0 6''+3"1. ^"9*">.13+ >8 *$0 f3"0.*1) 5.'*"*-*0 >8 *$0 Q."&03'"*+ >8 H$"91#>;5D6 S h31+'>. LEEL

;5D6 X h31+'>. LEEe;5`6M L K12/>3 P {1/121 S_LL;5`6M XuL h31+'>. P `>&>.*.+ S_LS;5`6M XuS h31+'>. P `>&>.*.+ S_Lc;5`6M c =0"9$*+ S_LL]66 L M13,>)1 LEdF]66 e :71'/1. P M13,>)1 LEEL]66 L_ M13,>)1 LEEX]66 LX H>)0 P D19$"."'* LEEd]66 Ld ;0+.>)2' S__X

G"()">#31,$+

6)(0.21@ MILEde K$0 M1)190 >8 ]13#>. :".# >8 6''+3"1@ M13"'I

G13.0**@ ;I^I u y1)R.03@ DILEeS K$0 ]9-),*-30' >8 6WW-3J.1'"3J1,)" 55 <ddXPdgE GIHI?@ K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555 <FcgPFSF

GIHI?@ A'13$122>. <edLPeeE GIHI? 83>/ *$0 H0.*31) 1.2 ]>-*$JO0'* M1)190' 1* `"/3-2@ =>.2>.I

G>**1@ MIJw u y)1.2".@ AILdcE D>.-/0.* 20 `"."&0@ &>)I L@ M13"'I

G>3#03@ ;ILEEe G0"*3Œ#0 V-/ 5.'9$3"8*0.703R 6''-3(1.",1)'@ O"0'(120.I

H>)0@ ]IOILEEF K$0 20'*3-9*">. >8 >39$132' ". 6''+3"1. 7138130@ ".4 ]I M13,>)1 1.2 ;I O$"*".# <02'I?@

6''+3"1 LEEg@ !0)'".R"@ SEPc_I

H>)0@ ]IOI u D19$"."'*@ MILEEd =0**03' 83>/ M3"0'*' *> *$0 :".#' A'13$122>. 1.2 6''-3(1.",1)@ !0)'".R"I

H3>-9$@ HI=IS__E O13 1.2 A*$"9' ". *$0 6.9"0.* `013 A1'*4 D")"*13+ \">)0.90 ". ="#$* >8 H>'/>)>#+

1.2 !"'*>3+@ G03)".Iy-9$'@ 6I

LEEc ^"0 5.'9$3"8*0. ]13#>.' 55I 1-' :$>3'1(12@ h„**".#0.Ih>**)"0(@ {I

S__c K$0 133>7$012' 1.2 '0)09*02 1',09*' >8 *$0 '"0#0 (1**)0@ ".4 ^I Q''"'$R". <02I?@ K$0;0.0702 639$10>)>#"91) AB91&1*">.' 1* =19$"'$ <LEFXPLEEc?@ &>)I 5\@ K0) 6&"&@LE_FPLEeEI

h31+'>.@ 6I:ILEEL 6''+3"1. ;-)03' >8 *$0 A13)+ y"3'* D"))0.."-/ GH@ 5 <LLLcPdgE GH?@ K>3>.*>ILEEe 6''+3"1. ;-)03' >8 *$0 A13)+ y"3'* D"))0.."-/ GH@ 55 <dgdPFcg GH?@ K>3>.*>I

h31+'>.@ 6I:I@ 1.2 `>&>*.+@ aIS_LS K$0 ;>+1) 5.'93",*">.' >8 ]0..19$03"(@ :".# >8 6''+3"1 <F_cPedL GH?@ M13* L@

O".>.1 =1R0I

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 27/28

!"#$ &"'"(")"*+ ,-."'$/0.* 1.2 20*0330.* 127

  S_Lc K$0 ;>+1) 5.'93",*">.' >8 ]0..19$03"(@ :".# >8 6''+3"1 <F_cPedL GH?@ M13* S@O".>.1 =1R0I

:".#@ =IOILELg G3>.V0 ;0)"08' 83>/ *$0 h1*0' >8 ]$1)/1.0'03 :".# >8 6''+3"1 GIHI de_PdSg@

=>.2>.I:71'/1. KI@ u M13,>)1@ ]ILEEL =0#1) K31.'19*">.' >8 *$0 ;>+1) H>-3* >8 `".0&0$@ M13* 54 K"#)1*$JM")0'03 555 *$3>-#$

A'13$122>.@ !0)'".R"I=0"9$*+@ AI

S_LL K$0 ;>+1) 5.'93",*">.' >8 A'13$122>.@ :".# >8 6''+3"1 <ed_PeeE GH?@ O".>.1 =1R0I=„$.03*@ 6I@

S__F K$0 ".'*1))1*">. >8 ,3"0'*' 199>32".# *> `0>J6''+3"1. 2>9-/0.*'@ ]*1*0 639$"&0' >86''+3"1 G-))0*". Le@ SFXPSdeI

D133">**@ aI u ;12.03@ :IS_Lg ]-'*1".".# *$0 6''+3"1. 13/+ 1/>.# 83"0.2' 1.2 0.0/"0' ". FLc GHA@ a>-3.1) >8

H-.0"8>3/ ]*-2"0' eF@ LSFPLcXIM13,>)1@ ]I@

LEdF K$0 H>330',>.20.90 >8 ]13#>. 55@ M13* 54 =0**03' 83>/ 6''+3"1 1.2 *$0 O0'*@ !0)'".R"I

LEEX =0**03' 83>/ 6''+3"1. 1.2 G1(+)>."1. ]9$>)13'@ !0)'".R"IM".9$0'@ K$I u G"39$@ OI@

LddSPLE_S K$0 G3>.V0 f3.1/0.*' >8 *$0 M1)190 h1*0' >8 G1)171*@ =>.2>.I;12.03@ :I@

S_LS G0*700. 1 ;>9R 1.2 1 !132 M)1904 D-'1'"3@ :-//0@ QRR- 1.2 k-(3"1 P *$0 G-8803]*1*0' (0*700. 6''+3"1 1.2 Q313*-@ ".4 ]I :3>)) 0* 1)I <02'I?@ G"1".")"JQ313*-@ =0-&0.ScXPSecI

S_LX 6''+3"1 1.2 *$0 D020'@ ".4 ^IKI M>**' <02I?@ K$0 fB8>32 !1.2(>>R >8 6.9"0.* 531.@fB8>32 P `07 {>3R@ ccSPcgeI

S_Lc 6. "/,03"1) 9>//-."91*">. .0*7>3R4 *$0 '*1*0 9>330',>.20.90 >8 *$0 `0>J6''+3"1.A/,"30@ ".4 :I ;12.03 <02I?@ ]*1*0 H>330',>.20.90' >8 *$0 6.9"0.* O>3)2 83>/ *$0 `07 :".#2>/ *> *$0 ;>/1. A/,"30@ fB8>32 P `07 {>3R@ ecPEXI

;0+.>)2'@ yI]IS__X K$0 G1(+)>."1. H>330',>.20.90 >8 A'13$122>. 1.2 =0**03' *> 6''-3(1.",1) 1.2 ]".J

W133-J"WR-. 83>/ `>3*$03. 1.2 H0.*31) G1(+)>."1@ !0)'".R"I]1''@ GI u Q''"'$R".@ ^I

S__c ],013'@ 13/>-3 '91)0' 1.2 ')".# '*>.0'@ ".4 ^I Q''"'$R". <02I?@ K$0 ;0.0702 639$10>J)>#"91) AB91&1*">.' 1* =19$"'$ <LEFXPLEEc?@ &>)I 5\@ K0) 6&"&@ LEF_PLEdSI

]9$19$.03@ 6I@S__F G")203 0".0' O0)*30"9$'4 :-.'*J -.2 R-)*-3#0'9$"9$*)"9$0 Q.*03'-9$-.#0. V- 20.

\03V"03-.#0. 0".0' K>30' 1-' G1)171* <5/#-3JA.)")? 1-' 203 [0"* &>. ]1)/1.1''13 555I:„."# &>. 6''+3"0.@ K-3.$>-*I

S__E <02I?@ 6''+3"0.' :„."#0 1. 0".03 203 x-0))0. 20' K"#3"'4 139$Œ>)>#"'9$0 y>3'9$-.#0."/ !„$)0.'+'*0/ &>. G#3R)0+. -.2 1/ '>#0.1..*0. K"#3"'JK-..0)@ K(".#0.I

K12/>3@ !I u {1/121@ ]$I@S_LL K$0 ;>+1) 5.'93",*">.' >8 K"#)1*$J,")0'03 555 <FccPFSF GH? 1.2 ]$1)/1.0'03 \ <FSeP 

FSS GH?@ :".#' >8 6''+3"1@ O".>.1 =1R0IQ''"'$R".@ ^I

LEdS K$0 H>.C-0'* >8 =19$"'$ (+ ]0..19$03"(@ K0) 6&"&IS__X ]+/(>)' >8 9>.C-0'* ". ]0..19$03"(N' 30)"08' >8 =19$"'$4 "/,1)02 ,3"'>.03' 1.2

 (>>*+@ ".4 KIyI M>**' 0* 1)I <02'I?@ H-)*-30 K$3>-#$ f(b09*'4 6.9"0.* `013 A1'*03.]*-2"0' ". !>.>-3 >8 MI;I]I D>>30+@ fB8>32@ S_FPSLFI

8/18/2019 K. Radner, High visibility punishment and deterrent: Impalement in Assyrian warfare and legal practice, Zeitschrift…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/k-radner-high-visibility-punishment-and-deterrent-impalement-in-assyrian 28/28

:130. ;12.03128

S__c 6301 ; 1.2 *$0 6''+3"1. '"0#0@ ".4 ^I Q''"'$R". <02I?@ K$0 ;0.0702 639$10>)>#"91)AB91&1*">.' 1* =19$"'$ <LEFXPLEEc?@ &>)I 55@ K0) 6&"&@ eEgPFeFI

{1/121@ ]$IS___ K$0 H>.'*3-9*">. >8 *$0 6''+3"1. A/,"304 6 !"'*>3"91) ]*-2+ >8 *$0 5.'93",*">.' >8

]$1)/1.0'03 555 <dgEPdSc GIHI? ;0)1*".# *> $"' H1/,1"#.' ". *$0 O0'*@ =0"20.I