kahalam decemberr 2020 pages...4 c£m-[n-imcn tamdm≥ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv i¿±n-\mƒ ¢oankv...
TRANSCRIPT
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55555
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c£m-[n-Imcntamdm≥ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkvI¿±n-\mƒ ¢oankv ImtXm-en°m_mh
{]n‚¿ B‚ v ]ªn-j¿ssd‰v dh. sPbnwkv ]md-hnf tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm-∏m
FUn-‰¿dh. ̂ m. jo≥ ]me-°p-gn
No v̂ FUn-‰¿dh. ̂ m. t_mhkv amXypt^m¨: 9447661943 [email protected]]{Xm-[n-] kanXndh. tUm. tPm¨ ]Sn-∏p-c-°¬dh. ̂ m. tPmk^v h≈n-bm´vdh. ^m. tPmk^v ]qh-Øpw-X-d-bn¬dh. ^m. Koh¿Kokv hen-b-Nm-ß-ho-´n¬dh. ^m. h¿Kokv hn\-bm-\μv H.-sF.kntUm. sI. hn. tXma-kvIp´ndh. kn. tUm. B¿{Z Fkv.sF.kn.dh.- kn. tUm. ARvPen sXtckv Un.Fw.tUm. tj¿fn Ãph¿´v{io. cmPp amXyp
D]-tZ-iI kanXn{io. tP°_v ]p∂qkvdh. ̂ m. hn¬k¨ X´m-cp-Xp-≠n¬dh, ^m. tXmakv Iøm-e-°¬tUm. tXma-kvIp´n ]\-®n-°¬{io. t_m_n F{_lmw
k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿dh.- ^m. tXmakv apI-fpw-]p-dØv - 9446703056
Ih¿ & teHu´vFingraph - 9387811920
t^mt´m{Km v̂kvtXmakv amXyp s\√pthen¬
{]n‚nwKvsk‚ v tacokv {]kv, ]´w, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw˛4
hnemkwss{IkvXh Iml-fw , ka-\zb ]mÃ-d¬ sk‚¿sk‚ v tacokv Imº-kv, ]´w, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw˛4
Unkw_¿ 2020 hmeyw 81 e°w 12
D≈S-°w
FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬
]nXr-samgn
66666
77777tbip
ssZh-Øns‚
shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ apJw
99999
Ih¿ tÃmdn
Ih¿ tÃmdn
tbipssZh-]p-{Xt\m{]hm-N-It\m?
1313131313Ih¿ tÃmdn
a\p-jy-\m-Ip∂ ssZhw
1111155555
5
a\pjymhXmcw
Ih¿ tÃmdn
2121212121k`bnse {][m\
Xo¿∞mS\ tI{μ߃˛10
C‰enbnse ]mZph
2525252525tIm¨{Kkn\p
thWwImbI¬]NnIn’
3333322222
B\pImenIw
lmt\m°v kmln-Xyhpw]pXn-b-\n-b-a -{K-Ÿ-ßfpw
3535353535
]T\w
]pXp-h-’-c-Øn¬Hcp aI-c-hn-f°v Hm¿Ω
\nco-£-Ww
3838383838^o®¿
kmlnXywNcn{XØn\p
aptº \S∂t∏mƒ
4141414141
tImdlv ZmØm≥ A_odmw
{KŸ\ncq]Ww
4444444444ImenIw
t\XrXzw Hcp ]Zhnb√;{]h¿Ø\amWv
4444455555
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ssZhsØ I≠ CS-b-∑m¿Zi-e-£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ ac-W-Øns‚ \ng¬ hoW Xmgv-h-c-bn-em-Wn-
t∏mƒ. kzX-{¥-ambn, H∂n-t\bpw `b-s∏-Sm-sX, a\p-jy≥ s]mXp-\n-c-Øp-I-fn-
te°pw s]mXp-C-S-ß-fn-te°pw bm{X sNbvXn´v Hcp h¿jw ]n∂n-Sp-∂p. tImhn-
Uv-˛19 F∂ alm-amcn a\p-jy-a-\-kp-Isf `b-Øn¬ Iogvs∏-Sp-Øn-bn´v \mfp-
Iƒ Gsd-bm-bn. Hcp km[m-cW PohnXw F∂v km[y-amIpw F∂v bmsXmcp
\n›-b-hp-an-√msX a\p-jy≥ h√mØ Bi-¶-bnepw Ac-£n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-ep-am-
Wv. CXn-\n--S-bn-emWv {InkvXp-akv IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. bqZ-bm-bnse t_Xvse-sl-
an¬ tbip P\n-°p∂ kμ¿`-Ønepw kam-\-amb \ncm-ibpw Ac-£n-Xm-h-
ÿbpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kz¿§w Xpd∂v ame-mJam¿ Cd-ßn-h-cp-
tºmƒ I¿Øm-hns‚ alXzw CS-b-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬ {]Im-in-®-t∏mƒ Ah¿
hfsc `b-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. ZqX-∑m¿ Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p “`b-
s∏-tS≠ CXm, kI-e-P-\-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈ henb kt¥m-j-Øns‚
kZzm¿Ø Rm≥ \nßsf Adn-bn-°p-∂p. Zmho-Zns‚ ]´-W-Øn¬ \n߃°mbn
Hcp c£-I≥, I¿Øm-hmb {InkvXp, C∂p P\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p”. Ah-sc `bw
hn´p-am-dn. Ah¿ t\sc ]p¬°q-´n-te°v t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. ]p¬°q-´n¬ InS-°p∂
tbip-hns\ Ah¿ I≠p. Ah¿ aS-ßn-t∏m-bXv ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw
kvXpXn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. hn\o-X-lr-Z-b-tØmsS tbip-hns\ I≠p-
ap-́ pI F∂p-≈Xv \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Ønse kp{]-[m\ \nan-j-am-Wv. Pohn-X-Øn¬
Hcn-°epw ad-°p-hm-\m-ImØ Hm¿Ω-I-fmWv tbip-hns\ apJm-apJw ImWp-∂-
Xn-eqsS \ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw e`n-°p-∂-Xv. tbip-km-∂n[yw \ap-°m-g-amb hnizm-
ky-Xbpw Ft∂°pw \ne-\n¬°p∂ ssZh-kvt\-lhpw hmKvZm\w sNøpw.
Ahs‚ hm°p-Iƒ \ΩpsS lrZ-bmg-ß-fn-te°v {]th-in-°p∂p. AXp \Ω-
fnse \∑sb DPz-en-∏n-°p-∂p. tbip bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \sΩ £Wn-°p-∂Xv
\ΩpsS Pohn-X-Ønse Xpd-°-s∏-SmØ GSp-I-fn-te-°m-Wv. \mw Xpd-∂p sN√p-
tºmƒ AhnsS Ahs‚ km∂n-[y-Øns‚ AS-bmfw ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw kvXpXn-®p-sIm≠pw aS-ßn-t∏mb CS-b-∑m-cpsS
Pohn-X-Øn¬ AXmWv kw`-hn-®-Xv. ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ hnim-e-X-bn¬ Ah¿
Dƒt®¿°-s∏-´p. BSp-I-fp-sSbpw ta®n-en-S-ß-fp-sSbpw \Sp-hn¬ Ah¿ Xs∂
]cn-an-X-∏-Sp-Ønb aßn-b-Xpw, aS-ßn-bncn-°p-∂-Xp-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ D≈-d-I-
fn-te°v {]Imiw IS∂p sN∂p. B ]cn-an-Xn-Isf Ah¿ \nan-
j-߃ sIm≠v AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂Xpw ssZh-a-lXzw {]tLm-jn-
°p∂ t{]£n-X-cp-ambn Ah¿ Xocp-∂p.
CS-b-∑m¿ A\p-`-hn® kam-\-amb A\p-`hw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-
Ønepw \mw B{K-ln-°-Ww. \ap°p Np‰nepw tbip-kvt\-l-
Øns‚ {]` hnS-c-Ww. tbip-hns‚ Icp-W-bpw, Zb-bpw, \oXn-
bpw, {]m¿∞-\-bpw, kvt\l-hp-sa√mw tbip-hn-te°v \nc-¥cw
\sΩ BI¿jn-°-Ww. Aßs\ ssZhw \ap°v G‰hpw kao-]-
ÿ-\m-I-Ww. ssZhw \ap°v kao-]-ÿ-\m-Ip-∂-Xns‚ AS-bm-f-
amWv {Ink-Xp-a-kv. Np‰p-ap≈ temIw apgp-h≥ \mw tbip-hns\
I≠p-ap-́ p∂ CS-ß-fm-I-Ww. tbip-km-∂n-[y-Øns‚ km{μ-Xbpw
ASp-∏hpw {InkvXp-a-kn-eqsS \ap°v A\p-{K-lamI-Ww.
Gh¿°pw {InkvXp-akv Biw-k-Iƒ!
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temIØn\v im¥nbpw kam[m\hpw {]Xymibpw
\¬Ip∂ {InkvXp-akv ho≠pw kam-K-X-am-Ip∂p. tImhnUv
alm-am-cn -bn¬ \n∂pw tamNn-X-am-Ip-hm\pw km[mcW
PohnXØnte°v IS∂phcm\pw am\hcmin apgph≥
{]XymitbmsS ImØncn°p∂ ImeamWnXv. {]hm-N-I-
{KŸsØ D≤-cn®v kphntijI≥ tbip-{InkvXphns‚ P\-
\-sØ°pdn®v ]d-bp-∂-Xv C]-Im-c-am-Wv. “A‘-Im-c-Øn-¬
ÿnXnsNbvXncp∂ P\߃ henb {]Imiw I≠p.
acWØns‚ taJebnepw \ngenepw hkn®ncp∂h¿°mbn
Hcp Zo]vXn DZbw sNbvXp” (aØm. 4/14). {InkvXphpw {InkvXp-
akpw temI-Øn\v \¬Ip∂ kz¿§ob0 A\p`qXntbmSv
Xpe\w sNøm≥ as‰m-∂pan√t√m!
`qan-bn-te-s°m-gp-Inb ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ am\p-jnIcq]-
amWv ]p¬Iq-´n¬ ]nd∂ DÆntbip. “Fs¥∂m¬, Ah\n¬
hnizkn°p∂ Gh\pw \in®pt]mImsX \nXyPoh≥
{]m]n°p∂Xn\pth≠n, Xs‚ GIPmXs\ \¬Im≥
X°hn[w ssZhw temIsØ A{Xam{Xw kvt\ln®p”(tbml. 3/16). ssZhw a\p-jy-\mbn ]nd--∂p F∂p≈Xv
ImXemb {InkvXob hnizmkkXyamWv. a\pjy¿°v
kt¥mjhpw kam[m\hpw Blzm\w sNbvXpsIm≠mWv
amemJam¿ c£Is‚ Xncp∏ndhn DZvtLmjn®Xv. `uXoI
kmlNcy߃ am{Xa√ a\pjys\ kt¥mjn∏n°p∂Xv.
]ns∂tbm, tbip{InkvXphneqsS e`yamIp∂ kam[m\hpw
im¥nbpw, AXn¬ \n∂v DZv`hn°p∂ k∑\ pw bYm¿∞
kt¥mjw {]Zm\w sNøp∂p. kvt\ln°pIbpw IcpXpIbpw
]ckv]cw Dƒs°m≈pIbpw sNøptºmgmWv bYm¿∞
kam[m\w {]IminXamIp∂Xv.
am\-h-Ip-esØ F√m Ime-L-´-Ønepw `bw ]n≥Xp-S-cp-
∂p-≠v. ]I¿®hym[n, ]´n-Wn, {]IrXnt£m`߃, bp≤w
{Inkva-kns‚{]Xym-i-bn¬
ho≠pw temIw
8
CsX√mamWv AXn\v \nZm\w. `b-Øns‚ \Sp-hn¬ kz¿§w
\ap°v \¬Ip∂ hmKvZm-\-amWv CΩm-\p-th¬ ˛ “ssZhw
\tΩmSp IqsS”. am\-h-Ip-e-Øn\v kam-[m-\-Øn-\mbn CXnepw
henb hmKvZm-\hpw kΩm-\hpw \¬I-s∏-´n-´n-√. CXns‚
Dujvafamb Hm¿ΩbmWv {InkvXpakv. ssZhw \sΩ ad-°p-
∂n-√. {]Xnk‘nIfnepw {]XnIqeßfnepw \mw X\n®√.
k¿ΔNcmNcßsfbpw krjvSn®v ]cn]men°p∂ k¿Δ
i‡\mb ssZhw Xºpcm≥ \sΩ tN¿Øp]nSn°p∂p.
tImhnUv˛19 krjvSn® {]tXyI ]cnXÿnXnbnepw Cu
kvt\lhpw IcpXepw \sΩ BhcWw sNøp∂p F∂ kXyw
\ap°v ad°mXncn°mw. Cu kvt\lhpw IcpXepw Dƒs°m≠v
\ap°p apt∂dmw. Gh¿°pw {InkvXpakns‚ A\p{Klßfpw
]pXph¿jØns‚ BiwkIfpw.
9
ssZhhpw a\p-jy-\p-amb tbip-{InkvXp
hns‚ Bf-XzsØ Bg-ambn Adn-bp-hm≥
ssZhw Hcp-°p∂ Ah-k-c-amWv Cu BK-a-\-
Imew. hnizm-k-Øns‚ IÆp-Iƒ°p -am-{Xsa
tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ bYm¿∞ hy‡nXzw ImWp-
hm≥ Ign-bq. a\p-jys‚ kzm`m-hnI Nn¥-
Iƒ°pw, _u≤nI At\z-j-W-߃°pw Hcp-
Imcyw a\-kn-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-bmØt∏mgmWv
Dƒ°-Æp-Iƒ Xpd-∂p-Im-tW-≠-Xv. hnizmkw
Dƒ°-Æm-Wv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hnhn[ L´-
ßfpw Ah-ÿ-Ifpw a\-kn-em-°p-hm≥ kzm`m-
hnI_p≤n ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂n-S-Øt√ hnizm-k-
Øns‚ IÆpIƒ-Xpdt°-≠-Xv. bp‡n-bpsS
XpS°w apX¬ AXv kw`-hn-°Ww. Hmtcm
imkv{X-Øn\pw AX-Xn-t‚-Xmb \nb-X-amb
am¿§-tc-J-Iƒ D≠v. AXn-eqsS k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ
am{Xsa Ah a\-kn-em-Ip-I-bp-≈q. AXn-kq-£va-
amb AWp-°sf ImWm≥ AXn\p tijn-bp≈
D]-I-c-W-߃ thWw, \·-amb IÆp-Iƒ
sIm≠v km≤ya-√. kzm`m-hnI ImgvN-Iƒt]mepw
Nne-t∏mƒ A_-≤-Øn-te°p \bn-°mw. kp{]-
kn-≤-amb kmZr-iyw˛ Ccp≠ shfn-®-Øn¬I≠-
hm-g-ØS ]mºmWv F∂v sX‰n-≤-cn®v Ae-dn-°-c-
bp∂ a\p-jys‚ {]Xn-I-c-Ww. shfn®w F√m-
h¿°pw Bh-iy-am-Wv. AXp -I-Æp-Iƒ°p-am-{X-
a-√, _p≤n°pw at\m-`m-h-߃°pw, Bflo-I-X-
bv°pw, imkv{X-Øn-\pw, `uXo-I-Im-cy-߃°pw
F√mw. a\p-jys‚ `uXoI taJ-e-t]m-se-Xs∂
hnim-ehpw {]m[m-\y-ta-dn-b-Xp-amWv Ahs‚
Bflo-I-ta-J-e. Pohn-X-Øn¬ Bflo-I-Xew
Gsd {][m-\-s∏-´-Xp-X-s∂. Bflo-I-˛ `uXo-I-
`m-h߃ ka-{K-ambn a\-kn-em-°p-hm\pw Hcp-
t]mse sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm\pw Ign-b-Ww. Ch
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ c≠√ ˛ H∂ns‚ hyXyÿ
A¿∞-X-e-am-Wv. ]Ww Hcp-h\v {]ikvXn°pw
kpJ-tem-ep-]-Xbv°pw D]m-[n-bm-sW-¶n¬ as‰m-
cp-h≥ AXv kaq-l-kr-jvSn-°p≈ G‰w \√
tijn-bm-bn- Im-Wp-∂p.
Ih¿ tÃmdn
B¿®p-_n-j∏v tUm. tXmakv am¿ Iqdn-temkv
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DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v: Cub-Sp-Ø-k-a-bØv
C¥y-bnse G‰w {]i-kvX-amb Sm‰m- k¨kns‚
kmc-Yy-Øn¬ \n∂p ]Sn-bn-d-ßnb cØ≥ Sm‰m-
bpsS Pohn-Xhpw \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw a\-kn-em-°p-
hm≥ CS-bm-bn. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂pw B¿°n-
sS-°-®-dn¬ _ncp-Z-hp-ambn FØnb At±lw
km[m-c-W-°m-c-\mb Hcp sXmgn-em-fnsbt∏mse
kz¥w Iº-\n-bn¬ tPmen-sN-bvXp. ]n∂oSv R.J.D.Sm‰ hnc-an -®-t∏mƒ At±lw cØ-s\-bmWv
Bÿm-\-tØ°v Ah-tcm-[n-®-Xv. ]n∂o-S-t±-l-
Øns‚ \qX-\-ß-fmb kao-]-\-߃ a\p-jy-\p-
ambn _‘-s∏´ k¿Δ-ta-J-e-Ifpw B IpS-°o-
gn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm≥ klm-bn®p. 21 h¿jw Cu
{]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS Aa-cØv {]h¿-Øn®v 1991 ¬
ÿm\-ta-ev°p-tºmƒ 10,000 tImSn BkvXn-bn¬
\n∂v 475721 tImSn-bmbn h¿≤n-∏n-®p. A¥m-cmjv{S
{_m‚p-I-fmb sSSven, PmKzm¿, em≥t{Sm-h¿, tImd-
Ão¬ F∂nh Gs‰-Sp-Øp. F{X-e£w Bfp-
Iƒ°p - tPmen, C¥y-bpsS kº-Øv hy -
hÿbpsS apt∂‰w. km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ Pohn-
XsØ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. Ip™p-߃°p≈
t]mj-Im-lmcw XpS-ßn, BUw-_c Imdp-Iƒ
hsc tN¿Øp-h-®-t∏mƒ ]WØn\v “kap-l-kr-
jvSn-bpsS C‘\w” F∂ t]cv e`n-®p. Rm≥ ]d-
bm-\m-{K-ln-®Xv GXp-h-kvXp-hns‚ aqeyhpw apey-
Nyp-Xnbpw \n›-bn-°p-∂Xv AXv ssIImcyw
sNøp∂ a\-km-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v hy‡n-bpsS
hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ LS-I-amWv a\-kv, Bflo-I-
`m-hw, kz`m-h-hn-ip≤n XpS-ßn-b-h.
A©v cq]-bp-ambn temtd-t‰m -tIm¨h‚ v
hn´ aZ¿ sXtc-kmbv°v Xt‚Xm-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-
∂Xv Ipcn-in¬ F\n°p Zmln-°p∂p F∂p
]d™ Bfl-\m-Y-\m-bn-cp-∂p. 173 cmPy-ß-fn¬
]mh-s∏-´-h-cpsS ip{iq-jbv°v `c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ
Xs∂ AΩsb hnfn-®p-h-cp-Øn. Imcy-߃ ka-
{K-X-bn¬ a\-kn-em-°p-tºmƒ am{Xsa A¿∞w
D≠m-hq. ̀ mKo-I-amtbm, kzIm-cy-am-tbm, kzm¿∞-
]-c-amtbm bmYm¿∞y-ßsf kao-]n-°m-Xn-cn-
°m≥ {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
ss{IkvXh Pohn-X-Øns‚ BWn-°√v
ssZho-I-sh-fn-]m-Sm-Wv. ssZhw Xs‚ kvt\lw
\nanØw {]]-©sØbpw AXn -ep≈ ka-
kvXhpw-, hy‡n-]-c-ambn krjvSn®p; kvt\lw
]¶p-h-bv°p-∂-Xn\v a\p-jy-s\bpw. a\p-jyt\m
{]]-©tam C√mØ Hc-hÿ Nn¥n-®p-t\m-°pI.
F{X A¿∞-iq-\y-am-Wv. ssZhw krjvSn® Cu
alm {]]-©-Øns‚ Dƒ°mºv Adn-bp-hm\pw
hnI-kn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ah a\p-jy˛ {]]-©-k-lm-
bn-bmbn Xocp-hm\pw Ign-bp-∂-X-c-Øn¬ C∂v
hf¿∂n-cn -°p-∂p. ssZhsØ Adn-bp-hm\pw
ssZhoI _‘-Øn-te°v FØp-∂-Xn\pw a\p-
jy\p ssZhw km≤yX sImSp-Øp. G‰w \√-
Xpw, {]tbm-P-\-{]-Zhpw Blvfm-Z-I-c-hp-ambXns\
a\p-jy\p kzbtah kzoI-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp
{]h-WX. F∂m¬ Ft∏mgpw Aßs\ kzoI-cn-
°-W-sa-∂n-√. Xs∂ t]meokv ]nSn-°p-sa∂pw
Xs‚ kzmX{¥yw l\n®v I¬Xpd-¶n-em-°p-
sa∂pw Adn-bm-sa-¶nepw a\p-jy≥ sX-‰p -sN-
øp∂p. F∂m¬ _lp-`q-cn-]£wt]cpw \∑sb
kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Xn∑sb Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. BZy-a-\p-jys‚ hmkw ssZh-tØm-sSm-
∏hpw ]q¿Æ-amb ssZhm-\p-{K-l-Ønepw Bbn-
cp-∂n´pw Ah≥ ssZh-km-an]yw Dt]-£n®v sX‰p-
sNbvXv \njvImkn-X-\m-bn. ssZhoI kman-
]ysØ°mƒ XmXvIm-en-I-am-bn-s´-¶nepw a\p-
jy≥ Xn∑ CjvS-s∏-´p. Xn∑-bpsS kpJ-tem-ep-
]-Xn-bn¬ apgp-In. F∂m¬ Xs‚ Omb-bnepw
kmZr-iy-Ønhpw krjvSn-°-s∏´ BZm-ans\
ssZhw c£n-°p-∂p. Ah-\p-th≠n a\p-jy-\mbn
]nd-°p-∂p. Ahs\ c£n-°p-∂p. Xs‚ H∏w
Ah\p ]dp-Zokm kt¥mjw \¬Ip-∂p. ssZh-
an-s√-¶n¬ a\p-jy-k-t¥m-j-an-√. ssZhw \tΩm-
Sp-IqsS D≠m-IpI F∂-XmWv kt¥m-j-Øns‚
Imc-Ww. \tΩm-Sp-IqSn Bbn-cn-°p∂ ssZh-sØ-
°p-dn-®mWv \mw Ct∏mƒ [ym\n-°p-∂-Xv.
a\p-jy≥ \∑-bn-te°pw ssZho-I-X-bn-
te°pw B`n-ap-Jy-ap≈-h-\m-Wv. ImcWw Ah\p
BXy-¥nI \∑sb Xnc-kvI-cn-°mt\m \ncm-I-cn-
°mt\m Ign-bn-√. Hcp ]s£ km[m-c-W-°m¿
sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse F√m-hcpw ssZh-Øn-te°p
Xncn-b-W-sa-∂n-√ ˛ F∂m¬ Ahcpw \ne-\n-
ev°p∂ Hcp Imcy-sØ-bmWv apdp-sI-]n-Sn-°p-
∂X,v Ah-cpsS _p≤n°v AXv kzoIm-cy-am-Wv.
km[m-c-W-°m¿ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xns\ \nt£-[n-°p-
∂-h¿ \n-tj-[n-°p-∂hbv°v km¿Δ-{XoI ̀ mhhpw
k\m-X-\-Xzhpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. CXp a\p-jy-_p-
≤n-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. Ah\p kzbsa
Ahs\ X≈n-∏-d-bm≥ Ign-bn-√ F∂Xv. DZm-l-
c-W-Øn\v ssZhm-ÿn-XzsØ \ncm-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp-
h≥ B \n-cm-I-cn-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-
∂p-≠v. As√-¶n¬ Ah-\-ßs\ ka¿∞n-°p-hm≥
Ign-bn-√. s]mXpsh a\p-jy≥ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-
bmWv. Ah\p ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-
hm-\mWv IqSp-X¬ _p≤n-ap-t´-≠Xv˛ ImcWw
F√mw ssZhm-ÿn-Xz-Øn-te°p hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂p.
a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Øn-te°p kzbsa BI¿jn-°-
s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂XpsIm≠pw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb ka-
ky-Iƒ°p ssZhsØ IqSmsX DØ-c-߃ C√
F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hnepw Ahs‚ Ign-hn-\-∏p-d-amb
]eXpw kw`-hn-°p-tºmƒ A¿∞w tXSp-∂n-S-
ambpw ssZhw BIp-tºmƒ ssZhm-t\z-jWw a\p-
jy-krjvSn apX¬ D≈-Xm-Wv F∂v kΩ-Xn-
t°≠nhcpw. Xs‚ hnizm-kw-sIm≠v Bsc-
sbms° hniz-kn-∏n°mw F∂-X√ ˛ Xs‚
PohnX-w A¿∞-]q-cn-X-am-°p∂ A\p-̀ hw Ahs\
[\y\pw kwXr-]vX\pw B°p-∂p. AXn\vssZhw
AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. Cßs\ ssZhmt\zj-
W-Øn¬ hm¬ao-I-amb DZm-l-c-W-߃ D≈ Hcp
11
kwkvIr-Xn-bmWv `mc-X-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. F{Xtbm
al-Xzhpw t{ijvT-hp-amWv AXv. ]p√nepw
]qhnepw, XqWnepw Xpcp-ºnepw ad-™n-cn-°p∂
ssZh-sØ-∏‰n Cu \mSns‚ amap-\n-am¿ \sΩ
]Tn-∏n®p: “Cuim-hmkyw CZw k¿Δw” F∂Xv
D]-\n-j-Øns‚ BZy-]-√-hn-bm-Wv. ssZhw \nd-
™p-\n¬°p-∂ {]]©w˛ k¿ΔXpw Ah-\mWv
F∂ DZm-Ø-`mhw.
ss{IkvXh hnizm-k-Øn¬ ssZhw a\p-
jys\ tXSp∂ kXy-am-Wp-≈-Xv. Xm≥ krjvSn®
a\p-jy-\p-am-bp≈ _‘w F∂pw ]pe¿Øp∂
ssZhw. a\p-jys\ X∂n-te°p BI¿jn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂ ssZhw. ss__n-fn¬ ImWp-∂Xv
a\p-jy≥ ]m]w sNbvXv ssZh-km-∂n≤yw Dt]m-
£n-®p-t]mbn F¶nepw Ah-s\-tXSnt∏mIp∂
ssZhsØbmWv. a\p-jy-\nse A]m-c-amb \∑-
I-fn¬ hnizmkw D≈ ssZhw. Xs‚ hcp-Xn-°p-
\n¿Øp-I-b√ ˛ Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Xt∂mfw hf-cp-
hm≥ a\p-jy\v kzmX¥yw \¬Ip∂ ssZhw. a\p-
jys\ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZhw. CXp a\p-jy≥
Nn¥n-s®-SpØ Hcp ssZh-Nn-{X-a√
˛ ssZhw X∂-Øm≥ Bcm-sW∂v
Ncn-{X-Øn¬ sXfn-hm-bn- Im-Wn®p
X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-\p≈ ssZh-
Nn{Xw ]e-t∏mgpw Hcp kp∏¿ams‚
Nn{X-am-Wv. AXn-am-\p-joI Ign-
hp≈, F√mw sNm¬∏-Sn -bn¬
\n¿Øp-∂, F√m-h-tcbpw ASn-a-I-
fm-°p∂, B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-bm-°p-
∂, A¤pX kn≤n-sIm≠v F√mw
\nb-{¥n-°p-∂, FXn-cm-fn -Isf
\njvI-cpWw C√m-Xm-°p∂, F∂p-
th≠ Fs¥√mw am\p-jnI hnti-
j-W-ß-fpt≠m Ah-bpsSsb√mw
superlative form. Ncn{X-Øn¬ a\p-jy-
\p -ambn _‘-s∏-Sp∂ ssZhw
hyXy-ÿ-\m-Wv. ssZhw Bsc∂v
ssZh-amWv ]d-tb-≠-Xv. a\p-jy≥
hnizm-ktØmsS ]n≥sN-∂m¬ Cu
ssZhsØ I≠p-ap-́ p-hm≥ ˛ A\p-
-̀hn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw. {InkvXp-akv
AXm-Wv. k¶¬∏-ßtfm a\p-jy-
_p-≤n -bpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Itfm
A√˛ ]®-bmb a\p-jys‚ IÆp-
Iƒ°p apºn¬ Ah-X-cn -°p∂
ssZho-I- Im-cp-Wyw. a\p-jy-s‚
k¿Δ -[m-c-W-I-sfbpw D√w-Ln-
°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚ khn-tijX.
hn. eq°m-bpsS kp-hn-tij
Øn¬ at\m-l-c-amb hnh¿Æ-\-
amWv \mw ImWp-I. AhnsS c≠v
cmPm -°-∑m -sc -bmWv \ap°p
ImWm≥ Ign-bp-I˛ tdmamN{I-
h¿Øn kok-dns‚ AwKo-Im-c-ap≈
tltdm-tZ-kv˛ P\-ßsf AS°n `cn-°p-∂-h≥;
[mcmfw ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ D≈-h≥; cmP-sIm-́ -c-Øn¬
kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn¬ Ign-bp∂ hy‡n; Xn∂p-Ip-Sn®v
D∑-Ø-\m-Ip-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-h≥; F√m-hcpw
X\n°p th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p˛ Xm≥ tI{μo-Ir-
X-am-bn k¿ΔXpw. CXn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-ÿ-amb
as‰mcp cmPm-hns\ \ap-°p-Im-Wm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
1) Ah≥ ]nd∂p hoWXv Imen-I-fpsS Iq´n¬
2)Ahs‚ kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn-\mcpw Imh-em-bn-́ n-√.
3) amem-J-am-cpsS hyql-amWv Ah-\p-≈-Xv.
4)Ah\v Io‰p-io-e-I-fmWv icocw ad-bv°m-\p-≈-Xv.
5)Ah≥ ]p¬sØm-́ n-bn¬ InS-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXm-
bXv Ah≥ `£-W-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°p-
∂p.A¥y-A-Øm-g-k-a-bØv CXm-Wt√m kw`-
hn-®-Xv.
Ncn-{X-Ønse ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-am-WnXv.
CXv Icp-W-bp-tS-XmWv; kvt\l-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv;
Bscbpw tXmev∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚tbm Iogvs∏-Sp-Øp-
∂-Xn-t‚tbm A√˛ kzbw tXm¬°p∂ ssZhw;
12
a\p-jy-s\ -X-t∂m-sSm∏w hf¿Øp∂ ssZhw. hn.
sFd-t\bkv ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse God’s glory is manbeing fully alive.
ssZhw \ΩpsS `mKhpw `mK-t[-b-hp-am-Wv.
Cu ssZho-I-X-bn-te°v Bg-s∏-Sp-hm≥ a\p-jy\p
Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-Ip∂p F∂-XmWv ]c-am-{]-[m-\-
amb Imcyw. ssZhw a\p-jy-\m-bXv \sΩ ssZh
a°ƒ B°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp∂p. CXn\v ]uckvXy
k`-I-fpsS Z¿i-\-Øn¬ Deification F∂mWv ]d-
bp-I. “God became man so that man may become God”St. Athanasius: hn. sFd-t\-bkv. “God become whatwe are in order to make us what He is himself”. BZ-
Øns‚ ]m]w ssZh-sØ-t∏mse BIm≥ {ian-
®-Xn-em-bn-cp-∂-t√m. kmØm≥ IpSne X{¥-߃
sa\-™v Ahs\ ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw AI-‰n-b-
t∏mƒ Ahs‚ B B{K-lhpw ssZhw km[n-®p-
sIm-Sp-Øp. CXv km≤y-am-bXv ssZhw a\p-jy-
\m -b -Xp -sIm -≠m -Wv . AXmWv tbip -
{InkvXphns‚ a\p-jym-h-Xm-cw. Cu henb ssZh-
{]-Xy£w \mw a\-kn-em-°p-tºmƒ ssZh-Øn\p
a\p-jy-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\l-amWv ImWp-hm≥ Ign-
bp-I. \mw A\p-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ IqZm-i-I-fn-
eq-sSbpw {]m¿∞-\-bn-eq-sSbpw hnip≤ hN\
hmb-\-bn-eq-sSbpw ssZh-Øn-te°v H∂m-I-Ww.
\ΩpsS kmam\y _p≤n-°p -a-\-kn-em-°p-
hm≥ _p≤n-ap-´p≈ H∂mWv ssZhØns‚ X\-
Xmb Cu khn-ti-jX. ZpjvS -cp -sS -taepw
injvTcpsS taepw Hcp-t]mse kqcys\ DZn-∏n-
°p-∂-h\pw ag-s]-øn-°p-∂-h-\pw. sX‰n-t]m-b-
hs\ tXmfn-te‰n XncnsI sIm≠p hcp∂ Zo¿L-
£-a-bpsS {]Xo-Iw, t\ml-bpsS s]´Iw t]mse
F√m-Øn\pw CSw sImSp-°p∂ CS-b-\mb
ssZhw. CXv A\p-̀ -hn-®-dn-tb≠ ssZhoI-X-bmW,v
A√msX Pohn-X-hp-ambn _‘-an-√mØ a\pjy
_p≤n-bpsS bp‡n-bn¬ Is≠-Øp∂ ssZh-a-√.
shfn-]m-Sns‚ ssZhw Iq´m-bva-bpsS ssZh-am-Wv.
ssZhw Hcp IpSpw-_-am-Wv. _‘-ß-fpsS A\p-`-
h-amWv ssZhØn¬ D≈X.v AXp-sIm≠mWv
ss{IkvX-h¿ C{Xbpw D]-hnbpw Imcp-Wy-{]-hr-
Ønbpw sNøm≥ ap∂n-´n-dßp∂Xv. kzbw sNdp-
Xm-hp∂, C√m-Xm-Ip-∂, kzbw `£-W-am-Ip∂
ssZhw. hn. AΩ-t{X-kym-bpsS {][m-\-amb Hcp
B]vX-hmIyw Hm¿°p-∂p˛ “Let God be God”ssZhsØ Domesticate sNø-cp-Xv. AXm-bXv
\ΩpsS coXn-Iƒ°pw Pev]-\-߃°pw tNcp-∂-
co-Xn-bn¬ sacp-°m≥ {ian-°-cp-Xv. \mw C∂p- Im-
Wp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ t]cn-ep≈ B{I-a-W-ß-fpw,
`oI-c-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw tNcn-Xn-cn-hp-Ifpw ]c-tem-
IØv e`n-°p-sa∂p ]d-bp∂ `uXo-I-amb kpJ-
hm-KvZm-\-ßfpw C{]-Imcw ssZhsØ am\p-joI
_p≤n -bnepw cmjv{Sob apX-se-Sp -∏p -
Iƒ°pth≠nbpw Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn-®XpsIm≠pw
]Whpw a‰p kzm[o-\-ßfpw hgn Ch t\Sn FSp-
°m≥ {ian-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ khn-
tijX Ah≥ kvt\l-am-sW-∂-Xm-Wv. B
kvt\lw ssZhw ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-
flm-hp-amb ssZh-am-sW-∂p≈ shfn-]m-Sm-Wv.
ssZh-Øns\ßs\ ]nXm-hm-Im≥ Ignbpw, ssZh-
Øn-s\-ßs\ a\p-jy-\m-Im≥ Ign-bpw, ssZh-
Øn\p Fßs\ amXm-hns‚ DZ-c-Øn¬ Dcp-hm-
Im≥ Ign-bpw XpS-ßnb tNmZy-߃ taep-≤-cn®
bp‡n am{X-amb kao-]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hcp-
∂-h-bmWv. Chbv°p bmYm¿∞y-hp-ambn Hcp
_‘hpw C√. ss{IkvX-h-cm-b-h¿ tbip-{In-
kvXp-hns\ Bg-Øn¬ Adn-b-Ww. Ah-\p-ambn
hy‡n-]-c-amb _‘w t\S-Ww. ]cn. {XoXz-
Øn¬ Aßs\ hkn-°p-hm≥ I-gn-bpw. \ap°v
tbip-\m-Y≥ amXr-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXn¬
\n∂pw F{Xtbm hne-tb-dn-b-XmWv Ah-\n-eqsS
]cn. {XoXz-Øn-te°pw B Iq´-bva-bn-te°pw
{]th-in-°p-hm\pw Pohn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bp-I.
]cn. {^m≥knkv am¿]m∏-bpsS “\mw
F√mw ktlm-Z-c -߃” ˛ Fratelli tutti F∂
Nm{InI teJ\w Cu ssZhoI Bhn-jvIm-c-
Øns‚ _mly-amb cq]-am-Wv. \ap°p a‰p-≈-h-
cn¬ tbip-hn-s\bpw tbip-hn¬ a‰p-≈-h-scbpw
ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. CXv hnπ-hm-fl-I-amb Z¿i-
\-am-Wv. hn. aZ¿ sX-tckm ]dbpw Rm≥ hnip≤
Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ]mh-s∏-́ -h-tcbpw ]mh-s∏-́ -h-cn¬
tbip -hn -s\bpw ImWp -∂p. AsX tbip -
AXpt]mse \ap°p ssZhsØbpw ssZh-Øn¬
\sΩbpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-∂p. a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-
Øns‚ G‰w \√-^-e-am-Wn-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v
]m]-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp c£-am-{X-a-√ ˛ adn®v
ssZho-I-X-bn-ep≈ Hcp A\p-`h-am-Wv a\p-jym-
h-Xmcw. \ΩpsS ]q¿Æ-Xbpw al-Xzo-I-c-Whpw
kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv Cu henb Xncp-\m-fn-em-Wv.
]nXm-hns‚ Cu kvt\l-Øn¬ tbip-{InkvXp
\sΩ ebn-∏n®v ]cn. Bflmhp \sΩ D÷z-en-∏n-
°p∂ henb kwKaw. De-bnse Xobn¬
t{]m÷z-en-°p∂ Ccp-ºp-I-£Ww t]mse˛
Xobpw Ccpºpw th¿Xn-cn-°m-sa-¶nepw kz`m-h-
Øn¬ H∂m-bn-Xo-cp-∂p. F{X-a-l-Ø-cw.
13
ssZh-]p-{X\msW¶n¬ {]hm-N-I-\m-Im≥
]‰n√ Ft∂m {]hm-N-I-\m-W-¶n¬ ssZh-]p-{X-\m-
Im≥ ]‰n-s√t∂m D≈ ap≥hn-[n-bmWv tNmZy-
Øns‚ ]n∂n-se-¶n¬ sX‰n. AXp-sIm≠v F√m
{]hm-N-I-∑mcpw ssZh-]p-{X-∑m-cm-sW∂v sX‰n-
≤-cn-°m\pw ]mSn-√. ]ns∂ ssZh-]p-{X-s\-∏-‰n-bm-
sW-¶n¬ ]e-ssZ-h-]p-{X-∑m-cn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬, D≠m-
Im≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ hfsc kp\n-›n-X-
ambn ]dbmw: ssZh-]p-{X≥ {]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂-
bm-sW-∂v. F∂m¬ Cu tNmZy-Øn\v as‰mcp
kμ¿`-ap-≠v. AXv tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n®v
CubnsS {]N-cn-°p∂ Nne hmZ-ap-J-ß-fm-Wv.
tbip-hns\ Hcp {]hm-N-I-\mbn kzoI-cn°mw
F∂m¬ ssZh-]p-{X-\mbn kzoI-cn-°m-\m-In√
F∂v hmZn-°p∂ Nne A`n-{]m-b-߃. CXns‚
]n∂nse Dt±iy e£y-߃ F¥m-sW∂v hy‡-
a-√. Ah F¥m-bmepw ss__n-fn-s‚ shfn-®-
Øn¬ tbip Bcm-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\mWv
ChnsS {ian-°p-∂-Xv.
tbip-hns\ ]‰n Adn -bm-\p≈ G‰hpw
{][m\ t{kmX- p-Iƒ kphn-ti-j-߃ Xs∂-
bm-W-t√m. Ch tbip-hns‚ hm°p-Ifpw {]hr-
Øn-Ifpw Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øv cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂
kphn-ti-j-ß-fn-eqsS tbip Bsc∂v ÿm]n-°p-
I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv F∂v BZyw t\m°mw. ka-
b-{I-a-Øn¬ BZyw Fgp-X-s∏-´Xv F∂-Xn\v
]WvUn-X¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n-{]mb hyXymkw
C√mØ Imcy-amWv am¿t°mkv Fgp-Xn-b-k-kp-
hn-ti-j-amWv BZyw cNn-°-s∏-´Xv F∂-Xv. F.-
Un. Fgp-]-Xn\v apºv CsX-gp-X-s∏´psh∂v hy‡-
dh. ^m. ^nen∏v sNº-I-t»cn
Ih¿ tÃmdn
14
am-Wv. F¥mWv Cu kphn-tij cN-\-bn¬
am¿t°m-kns‚ e£yw? kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ BZy
A[ym-b-Øn¬ Xs∂ (1.1) am¿t°mkv Xs‚
{KŸw F¥m-sW∂v hy‡-ambn ]d-bp-∂p.
ssZh-]p-{X-\mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ kphn-
ti-j-Øns‚ Bcw-`w.
A¿Yw hy‡-amWv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\
ssZh-]p-{X-s\∂v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv, tbip
ssZh-]p-{X-s\∂v ÿm]n-°p-I-bmWv Xs‚ kphn-
ti-j-Øns‚ e£y-sa∂mWv am¿t°mkv
ChnsS ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v tbip {]hm-
NI-\-s√∂v A¿Y-an-√. 8.27-˛28 ¬ tbip injy-
tcmSv tNmZn-°p-∂p, Rm≥ Bsc-∂mWv Bfp-Iƒ
]d-bp-∂Xv? Bfp-I-fpsS A`n-{]mbw ]e-Xm-Wv.
kv\m]-Itbm-l-∂m≥, Genbm, {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬
Hcp-h≥ Fs∂m-s°-bp≈ A`n-{]m-b-߃ Ah¿
tbip-hns‚ ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. F∂m¬ Cu
adp-]-Sn-Iƒ tbip-hns\ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn√
F∂v hy‡w. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m Xs‚ injy-
∑m-cpsS A`n-{]mbw Bcm-bm≥ tbip Xøm-dm-
Ip-∂-Xv. tbip tNmZn-°p-∂p, F∂m¬ Rm≥
Bsc-∂mWv \n߃ ]d-bp-∂Xv? ]t{Xm-kns‚
adp-]Sn Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \o {InkvXp-hmWv
(8,29). Cu adp-]-Sn-°p-tijw as‰mcp DØ-chpw
tbip Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Cu DØ-c-Ønepw
tbip ]q¿W-\mbn Xr]vX-\m-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂n-
√. ImcWw Cu DØcw \¬Inb ]t{Xm-
kns\∏‰n {]iw-km-cq-]-Øn¬ tbip H∂pw ]d-
bp-∂n√ F∂p am{X-a-√, ]t{Xmkv ]d™ Cu
Imcyw Bcpw Adn-b-cp-sX∂v tbip B{K-ln-°p-
I-bpw sNøp-∂p.
{InkvXp-hmWv tbip F∂p ]d-™m¬ AXv
kXy-a-t√. kXyw Xs∂-sb-¶nepw Ft¥m IqSn
tN¿°m-\p-≠v. F¥m-WXv? Xs‚ ]oUm-\p-`-h-
Øn-s‚bpw ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw shfn-®-Øn¬ tbip-
hns‚ ]q¿WX shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv icn-bmb
adp-]-Sn. AXv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv iXm-[n-]-\m-Wv.
Cu a\p-jy≥ kXy-ambpw ssZh-]p-{X-\m-bn-cp∂p
(15,39). CXmWv BZyw Fgp-X-s∏´ kphn-ti-j-
Øns‚ A¥n-a-amb km£yw. tbip ssZh-]p-
{X-\m-Wv.
Ah-km\w Fgp-X-s∏´ kphn-tijw tbml-
∂m-s‚-Xm-W-t√m. AXv ssZhamb hN-\sØ (1.1)
Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Bcw-`n®v tbip-hns‚
injy-\mb tXma-kn-s\-s°m≠v ssZh-ata F∂v
kwt_m-[\ sNøn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-
∂p. Fs‚ I¿Ømhpw Fs‚ ssZh-hpta (20.28).
ho≠pw Xs‚ cN\m e£yw Fs¥∂v hy‡-
am-°n-s°m≠v tbml-∂m≥ ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬
Ch Xs∂bpw Fgp-X-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv tbip
ssZh-]p-{X-\mb {InkvXp-hm-sW∂v \n߃ hniz-
kn-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ hniz-kn-°pI \nanØw
\n߃°v Ahs‚ \ma-Øn¬ Poh≥ D≠m-
Im\pw th≠n-bmWv (20.31).Chn-sSbpw cN-\-bpsS
e£y-amWv kphn-ti-j-I≥ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-∂-Xv.
F∂m¬ tbip {]hm-N-I-\-s√∂v CXn¬ \n∂v
FØn-t®-cm≥ ]mSn-√. tbip {]hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp∂p
F∂mWv tbip-hns‚ ka-Im-eo-\-cn¬ ]ecpw a\-
n-em-°n-b-Xv. tbip-hns‚ injy-∑m-cn¬ ]ecpw
Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ tbip-hns\ ImWp-∂-Xp-hsc
AØ-c-samcp hnizm-k-amWv ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-
sX∂v FΩm-hq-kn-te-°p t]mb injy-∑m-cpsS
{]Xn-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂v a\- n-em-°mw. tbip-hn-
s\-∏‰n Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. Ah≥ ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw
a\p-{jp-sSbpw ZrjvSn-bn¬ hm°nepw {]hr-Øn-
bnepw i‡-\mb {]hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu A`n-
{]mbw tbip JWvUn-°p-∂n-√. Cu injy-tcm-
Sp≈ kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ tbip Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂Xv
Xs‚ acWw bp‡n-k-l-a√ F∂v A`n-{]m-
bsØ Xncp -Øn -s°m≠v AXp -am - {X -amWv
bp‡nkl-sa∂v ÿm]n-°p-I-bm-Wv. tami
XpSßn F√m {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw Xs∂-∏‰n Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv (eq°m 24.27) Ah¿°v hni-Zo-I-
cn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. F¥mWv {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ Fgp-Xn-
bn-cn-°p-∂Xv? \ΩpsS AXn-{I-a-߃°p th≠n
Ah≥ apdn-th¬∏n-°-s∏-́ p...-a¿Z-\-Øn\pw in£m-
hn-[n°pw A[o-\-\mbn Ah≥ FSp-°-s∏-´p.
Fs‚ P\-Øns‚ ]m]w \nan-Ø-amWv Ah≥
]oU-\-ta‰v Pohn-°p-∂-h-cpsS CS-bn¬ \n∂v hnt—-
Zn -°-s∏-´-sX∂v Ahs‚ Xe-ap-d-bn¬ Bcp
IcpXn? (Gi 53.1-˛9).
BcmWv {]hm-N-I≥? ssZh-Øns‚ ktμ-
i-hm-l-I≥, ssZhw Ab-®-h≥. ssZhw Ab-®-
h-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ktμ-i-hm-l-
I≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ tbip {]hm-N-I-\m-Wv. Ab-
bv°-s∏-´-h≥ F∂Xv tbip-hns‚ \ma-t[bw
t]mse-bmWv tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ D]-
tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. blq-Z-cpsS sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Isf
Xncp-Øn-s°m≠v tbip ]d-bp-∂p.
Rm≥ Bsc∂pw Fhn-sS-\n∂v hcp-∂p-sh∂pw
\n߃°-dn-bmw. F∂m¬ Rm≥ kzta-[bm h∂-
h-\-√. Fs∂ Ab-®-h≥ kXy-hm-\m-Wv. Rm≥
Ahn-SpsØ ASp-°¬ \n∂v hcp-∂p. Ahn-Sp-
∂mWv Fs∂ Ab-®Xv (tbml 7.28-˛29).
Xm≥ Ab-bv°-s∏-´-h-\m-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬
{]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂pw tbip ÿm]n-°p-I-bm-Wv.
F∂m¬ a‰p {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ \n∂v tbip hyXy-
kvX-\m-Wv-˛-c≠p Xc-Øn¬: a‰p {]hm-N-I-∑m¿
ssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ a\p-jy-\m-Wv.
tbip ssZhw Ab® ssZh-am-Wv. ssZh-am-bn-cn-
°p∂ Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ tbip ssZhsØ shfn-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\m¬ tbip-hns‚ shfn-s∏-Sp-ج
Bflm-hn-jvImcw (kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-ج) Bbn-
Øo -cp -∂p. ]nXm -hp -ambn KmV_‘w
]pe¿Øp∂ ssZhw Xs∂-bmb GI-Pm-X≥
Ahn-SpsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn (tbml 1.18). AXn-
\m¬ tbip {]hm-N-I-\mb ssZh-]p-{X\pw ssZh-
]p-{X-\mb {]hm-N-I-\p-am-Wv.
15
dh. ^m.- tP-°_v tPm¿÷v Nnd-bØv
ssZhw a\p-jy-\mbn! Adnbpw tXmdpw AXn-
i-bn-∏n-°p∂ Cu cl-kysØ AXns‚ ka-{K-
X-bn¬ Xpd-hntbmsS Cu teJ\w kao-]n-°p∂p.
“tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Cu at\m-`mhw
\nß-fnepw D≠m-I-s´. ssZh-Øns‚ cq]-Øn-em-
bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Ah≥ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ kam-
\X \ne-\ndptØ≠ Hcp Imcy-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-
®n-√. Xs∂ Xs∂ iq\y-\m-°n-s°m≠v Zmks‚
cq]w kzoI-cn-®v, a\p-jy-cpsS kmZr-iy-Øn¬
Bbn-Øo¿∂p. BIr-Xn-bn¬ a\p-jy-s\-t]mse
ImW-s∏´p. ac-Ww-hsc AsX Ipcn-ip-a-cWw
hsc Xs∂ Xs∂ XmgvØn” (^n-en∏n 2:5--̨ 9). A∏-
kvtXm-e≥ ]utem-kns‚ Cu kpNn-¥nX ]T\w
Cu hnj-b-Øn\p ASn-Ø-d-]m-Ip-∂p. “\Ωƒ
ssZh-ß-fm-Ip-hm≥ Ahn-Sp∂p a\p-jy-\mbn”F∂p hnip≤ AØ-t\-jykv km£n-°p-tºmƒ
\mw ChnsS N¿®-sN-øp∂ hnj-bsØ Ipsd-
°qSn ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂p. tXmakv AIzn-t\mkpw
AtXm-sSm∏w \sΩ im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂p, Cu
t_m[-\-Øn-eqsS; “Xs‚ ssZh-Xz-Øn¬ \sΩ
`mK-̀ m-°p-I-fm-°p-hm≥ B{Kln-®p-sIm≠v, ssZh-
Øns‚ GI-]p-{X≥ \ΩpsS {]IrXn kzoI-cn-
®p, a\p-jysc ssZh-ß-fm-°n-Øo¿°p-hm≥
th≠n AhnSp∂p a\p-jy-\mbn”.
Ih¿ tÃmdn
16
]m-]-Øns‚ {]k-c-Ww
ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w Omb-bnepw kmZr-iy-
Ønepw krjvSn°s∏´ a\p-jy≥ ]m]w hgn-
bmbn \jv´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv, krjvSm-hn-t\mSv
kwk¿§w \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ AXpey Ah-Im-
ihpw Aht\mSv apJm-apJw kwth-Zn-°p-hm-\p≈
Ah-k-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]m]-Øns‚ Zwi\w BZn-
am-Xm-]n-Xm-°sf ssZhnI kwk¿KØn¬ \n∂pw,
ssZhw Ahsc H∂n-∏n® _‘-Øns‚ t{iWn-
bn¬ \n∂pw, Ah¿°mbn Hcp-°nb A\p-{K-loX
]cn-ÿ-nXn-bn¬ \n∂pw AI‰n. BZn-a-]m-]-Øn‚
ImXepw ImTn-\yhpw Npcp-°-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-
s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v ChnsS. ASn-ÿm\ \njvI-f-¶-X-
bn-epw, kzÿ-X-bn-epw, kzmX-{¥-Øn-ep-amWv
a\p-jy≥ krjvSn-°-s∏-´-Xv. AXv ]m]-Øm¬
\jvS-s∏-Sp -Øn-b-Xns\ c≠mw hØn-°m≥
kp∂l-tZmkv C{]-Imcw ho£n®p; “ssZh-
Øm¬ \oXn-bn¬ krjvSn-°s∏´hs\¶nepw a\p-
jy≥ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Bcw`w apX¬ Xs∂ Xs‚
kzmX{¥yw Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn®v ssZh-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn
Xs∂ Xs∂ ka¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v, ssZhØn-\p-]p-
dØp Xs‚ A¥n-a-e£yw {]m]n-°p-hm≥ B{K-
ln-®p. a\p-jy¿ ssZhsØ Adn-s™-¶nepw
ssZh-ambn Ahs\ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-√. Ah-
cpsS hnth-I-c-ln-X-amb lrZbw A‘-Im-c-Øn¬
B≠p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw Ah¿ krjvSmhn\p ]Icw
krjvSn-Isf tkhn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp” (GS 13).Bt_-ens‚ h[-Ønepw, tkmtZmw tKmtam-dm-
bpsS tæ›-X-bnepw ]pd-∏m-Sn-\n-S-bn-ep≈ hn{K-
lm-cm-[-\-bn-epw, {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ A]-e-]n®v X≈n-
°-f™ kIe Xn∑-I-fnepw ]m]-Øns‚ Cu
{]k-cWw \mw ImWp-∂p. ssZhnI I¬∏-\-I-
fpsS kmcmw-i-amb ssZhnI alXzhpw, km¿Δ-
{Xn-I-km-tlm-Z-cy-hpw, kmaq-lnI \oXnbpw
Im‰n¬]-d-Ø-s∏´ kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv C{i-tb-
en¬ {]hm-N-I- ZuXyw Bcw-`n-°p-I. Fs‚
P\w Fs∂ Adn-bp-∂n-√m-sb∂v tbi-øm-bn-eq-
sS-bpw, Poh-P-e-Øns‚ Dd-h-bmb Fs∂ Dt]-
£n®p Pew kq£n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-s]m-´-°n-
W-dp-Iƒ Fs‚ P\w Ipgn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Pd-an-bm-
bn-eq-sSbpw btlm-h-bmb ssZhw ]cn-X-]n-°p-∂p.
BZy-{]-hm-N-I-\mb iap-th-ens‚ Xncs™Sp∏v
_en-th-Zn-I-fn¬ tben-bpsS a°-fpsS Zp¿am¿K-
Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWp kw`-hn-°p-I. ]cn-
ip-≤n-bpsS ]cn-ip-≤n-tb-t]mepw ]ptcm-ln-X-KWw
Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sh-∂p-≈Xpw A°m-e-b-f-hn¬
Ah¿ F{X-tØmfw A[-]-Xn-®p-sh-∂p-≈Xpw
CXp km£n-°p-∂p. ssZhw shdp-°p∂ hn{K-lm-
cm-[-\sb i‡ambn FXn¿°p-tºmƒ, AXv
AXns‚ hmNym¿∞-Øn¬ A¿∞-am-°p∂ “]cn-
ip≤ hy`n-Nm-csØ”bmWv {]hm-N-I¿ A]-e-]n-
°p-I. C{i-tb-ense Xmdp-am-dmb kmaq-lnI
hyh-ÿsb hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-XmWv tlmkn-bm-
bpsS {]hm-NI Ime-L-´w. _n.kn F´mw iX-I-
ØnemWp {]hmNI-[¿Ωw At±lw \nd-th-‰p-
I. ssZhw Ah\p \¬Ip-∂- BZy ZuXyw Hcp
thiysb hnhmlw Ign°phm\m-bn-cp-∂p. aW-
hm-f-\mb btlm-htbmSv aW-hm-´n-bmb C{i-
tb¬ F{X-am{Xw Ahn-iz-kvXX Im´n-bmepw
Ahn-Sp∂p Xs‚ hniz-ÿX XpS-cp-sa∂v D≈-
XmWv AXp \¬Ip∂ ssZhn-I-imkv{X kqNn-
I. ]s£ F´mw \q‰m≠n¬ C{i-tb-ens‚ `qan-
I-bn¬ Hcp I\y-I-t]mepw Pohn-®n-cp-∂n-√m-sb-
∂p-≈-XmWv AXns‚ Ncn{X hkvXpX. hnPm-
Xob Bcm-[-\mkt¶X-ß-fn¬ Xß-fpsS I\y-
ImXzw ka¿∏n®p Ah-cpsS K¿`-[m-c-W-i‡n
Dd-∏n-®n-cp∂p C{i-tb-ense bph-Xn-Iƒ. Cu Ncn-
{X-bm-Ym¿∞yw C{i-tb-ens‚ ]X-\-Øns‚
Bgw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. hØn-°m≥ kp∂-l-
tZmkv Iptd-°qSn hy‡-ambn kwkm-cn-°p∂p;
“a\p-jy≥ P∑-]m-]-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-Øn¬s∏´v
]e-Im-c-W-ß-fnepw ]e-t∏mgpw ssZh-tØmSpw
a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-tbmSpw [m¿ΩnI \nb-a-Øns‚
XXz-ßtfmSpw _‘-s∏´ sX-‰p-I-fn¬ \n]-Xn-®p.
X∑qew kZm-Nm-c-\n-b-a-ßfpw, am\p-jnI hyh-
ÿn-Xn-Ifpw Iep-jn-X-am-hp-Ibpw ]e-t∏mgpw a\p-
jy-hy-‡nXzw Xs∂ Nhn-´n-sa-Xn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.” (AA 7). ASn-ÿm-\-]m]w a\p-jys\
X∂n¬Xs∂ hn -̀Pn-X-\m-°n. am{X-a√, Ah-\n¬
A¥¿eo-\-amb ]m]-Øns‚ i‡n, AXn-s\-Xn-
cmbn X\nsb AS-cm-Sm≥ a\p-jys\ A]-cym-
]vX\p-am-°p-∂p. Rm≥ Zp¿`K\mb a\p-jy≥.
Cu a¿Xy-i-co-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw Bscs∂ hntam-
Nn-∏n°pw F∂p≈ ]utem-kns‚ ]cn-tZ-h\w
{]k-‡-am-Wn-hn-sS. ]m]-Øns‚ \ocm-fn-∏n-SnØw
a\p-jys\ kam-izmkw tXSm≥ \nc-¥cw t{]cn-
∏n-®n-cp∂p. im¥n-Xocw tXSn-b-e-™-Xns‚ am\p-
joI Bbm-kw, tXSn-I-s≠-Øp∂ kvt\l-Øn-
eqsS ssZhw adn-I-S-°p-∂p, a\p-jym-h-Xmc cl-
ky-Øn-eqsS. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ kp∂-l-tZmkv
C{]-Imcw ho£n-°p∂p; “CXm I¿Ømhp Xs∂
a\p-jys\ kzX-{¥-\m-°p-hm-\pw, kam-iz-kn-∏n-
°p-hm\pw Ahs\ B¥-coI-ambn \ho-I-cn-°p-
hm\pw Ahs\ ]m]-Øns‚ ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬ h®n-
cp∂ temI-Øns‚ A[n-Im-cnsb ]pd-¥-≈m\pw
BK-X-\m-bn.” (GS 13) ]utem-kns‚ Cu ]T\w;
“]m]w h¿≤n -®n -SØp Ir] AXn -tesd
h¿≤n®p” (tdma 5:21) F∂p-≈Xv a\p-jys\ ]m]-
Øns‚ ASn-a-Xz-Øn¬ \n∂pw hos≠-SpØ
ssZhnI \oXn-tb-bpw-A-hs‚ hniz-ÿX-tbbpw
Bg-Øn-e-dn-bm≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p.
ssZhnI \oXnbpw hniz-ÿ-Xbpw
ssZhw kvt\l-hm-\mb ]nXmhpw \oXn-am-
\mb \ymbm-[n-]-\p-am-Wv. Hcp \mW-b-Øns‚
c≠p-h-i-ß-sf-∂-t]mse ka-⁄- -ambn ktΩ-
fn-°p∂ Cu bmYm¿∞y-ßsf a\-kn-em-°n-sb-
¶n¬ am{Xsa a\p-jymhXm-csØ hni-Z-am-°p∂
ssZh-kvt\-lsØ Bg-Øn-e-dn-bm≥ km[n-°p-
17
I-bp-≈q. Xs‚ \∑bpw hnip-≤nbpw krjvSmhmb
ssZhw krjvSn-bpsS aIp-S-amb a\p-jy-\n-te°p
Nmen-®n-cp-∂p. Ah Xs∂-bmWv Ahs‚ ASn-
ÿm\ \njvI-f-¶-XbpsS ASn-ÿm-\-hpw. BZy
]m]w AXns\ {hWn-X-am-°n-sb-∂p-am-{X-a√,
ssZhw at\m-l-c -ambn I≠ krjvSnbpsS
{IasØ Xmfw sX‰n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. in£
sX‰n-\p≈ kzm`m-hnI \S-]Sn Xs∂-bm-Wv. alm-
hn-ip≤n Xs∂-bmb ssZ-h-Øn-\p, ]m]-Øns‚
]¶n-e-Xsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm-t\m, \ne-\n¿Øp-hm-
t\m, ]S¿∂p ]¥-en-°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-hmt\m
Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs‚ AXn-cp-I-fn-
√mØ kvt\l-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´, AtXm-
sSm∏w ]m]-Øn-em-gp∂ a\p-jys\ X≈n-°-f-bp-
hmt\m Ah-K-Wn -°p -hmt\m ssZh-Øn\p
BhpIbpan-√. BZn-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS Hcp ASn-
ÿm\ hym]m-cw- D-¤-h-]m-]-Øns‚ Nme-Ii-‡n-
bm-sb∂pw, Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°p ]I-cp∂ ]m]-
Øns‚ i‡n-bmbn AXp \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-sh-∂p-
≈Xpw bmYm¿∞yw Xs∂bmWv. c£m-IcNcn-
{X-Øn-tem, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ GSp-I-fntem
amXm-]n-Xm-°fpsS {]hr-Øn-°-\p-k-cWw a°ƒ
in£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√ F∂pw ChnsS {]tXyIw
kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. Pd-an-bm-bn-eqsS Ahn-Sp-∂m-
h¿Øn-°p-∂p. “]nXm-°-∑m¿ ]®-ap-¥n-cnß Xn∂p
a°-fpsS ]√p-]p-fn-®p-sh∂v B \mfp-Ifn¬
Ah¿ ]d-bp-I-bn-√. Hmtcm-cp-Ø\pw Ah-\-hs‚
AIrXyw \nan-Ø-amWv acn-°pI” (P-d-anb 31:
23-˛30). ssZh-I¬]-\-Iƒ \nc-kn® BZn-am-Xm-]n-
Xm-°ƒ°p ssZhw \¬Ip∂ in£ XnI®pw
ITn\w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-h-scbpw ioen-®n-
´n -√mØ Pohn-Xm-tbm-[-\-Øn-te-°pw, Poh-
\{Iaß-fn -te°pw Ah¿ FØs∏Sp∂p.
\oXnbpsS AN-©-e-\n¿Δ-l-W-Øn-eqsS ]m]-
Øns‚ Xnc-kv°-cWw \S-∂-t∏mƒ t]mepw ]m]n-
bmb a\p-jys\ Dt]-£n-°msX Ahs\ At\z-
jn®p Is≠Øn hnfn-°p-Ibpw Xn∑-bp-sS-ta¬
\∑bv°p e-`n-°p-hm-\n-cn-°p∂ hnP-bhpw hogvN-
bn¬ \n∂p≈ ]p\-cp-≤m-c-Whpw Ahn-Sp∂p Adn-
bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. BZna kphn-tijw
(D¬]Øn 3: 9) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu hnh-c-W-
`mKw ssZhw a\p-jy-\m-b-Xns‚ ka-ÿ- bm-
Ym¿∞y-ß-sfbpw IrXy-X-tbmsS kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]m]w A]l-cn-®-Xn-
t\-°mƒ hfsc IqSp-X-emWv ssZh-kvt\-l-
Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bmb {InkvXp ]m]-Øn-\p-ta¬
hcn® hnPbw AXn\p t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv. kz¥w
Ombbv°pw kmZr-iy-Øn-\paSpØ D¤h hnip-
≤nbpw \oXnbpw a\p-jys‚ kzmX-{¥y-sØ-bpw-
D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xy-tØbpw Ac-°n-́ p-d-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. D¤-
h-]m] ^e-Øn-eqsS Ah Zp¿_-e-ß-fm-bn.
Aßs\ ARvP-X, thZ-\, ac-W-Øns‚ B[n-
]Xyw apX-em-b-hbv°p a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-hn-t[-b-am-
bn. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ \oXn-bn-
te°p ]m]-{]-h-W-X, As√-¶n¬ ]m]m-k‡n
Bg-Øn¬ thtcm-Sp-I-bm-bn, D¤-h-]m-]-Øn-eqsS.
F¥p-sIm-≠mWv BZn -a -a -\p -jys\ ]m]w
sNøp∂-Xn¬ \n∂p ssZhw XSbm-Xn-cp-∂-sX∂
tNmZyw ChnsS \ymb-ambpw Db-cmw. tXmakv
AIzn-t\mkv km£n-°p∂p; “BZn-a-]m-]-Øn-\p-
ti-jhpw al-Ø-c-amb Hu∂-Xy-Øn-te°v a\p-
jy-{]-IrXn Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p XS- -sam-∂p-
an-√. Xn∑ kw`-hn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-°p-
∂Xv AXn¬ \n∂pw al-Ø-c-amb \∑ ]pd-s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bm-Wv”. ssZhm-\p-{K-l-
Øns‚ Cu AXp-ey-X-sb G‰p-]-d™v k`
Cßs\ Be-]n-°p∂p; “`mKy-Im-c-W-amb A]-
cm-[-ta... -C{X alm-\mb Hcp c£-Is\ \o
R߃°v- t\Sn X-∂p-h-t√m”. Chn-sS-bmWp ac-
W-Øns‚ i‡n°p a\p-jys\ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-
hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°mØ ssZhn-I-]-cn-]m-e-\bpsS
Xc-fn-X-`m-hhpw Ahs‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ Icp-
Xepw \ma -dn -bp -I. ssZhw a\p -jy -\mbn
amdnbXns‚ A\n-hm-cyX kz¿W-\m-hp-Im-c-\mb
{IntkmÃw C{]-Imcw hnh-£n®p; “kz]p-{X-s\-
t∏mepw a\p-jy-\p-th≠n \¬Im≥ X°-hn-[w,
ssZhw Ahs‚ c£sb A{X ]-c-a-{]-[m-\-ambn
]cn-K-Wn-®p. a\p-jys\ D∂-X-Øn-te°v, Xs‚
]°-te-°p-b¿Øn, Xs‚ he-Xp-̀ m-KØp Ccp-Øp-
∂Xp hsc, ssZhw F√m am¿§-ßfpw {]tbm-
Kn®p sIm≠v A\-h-cXw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.”
a\p-jy-\m-Ip∂ ssZhw
Acq-]n-bmb ssZhw, Ai-co-cn-bmb ssZhw
Fßs\ a\p-jy-\mbn F∂p-≈Xp \q‰m-≠p-I-
tfmfw k`sb aYn® Hcp tNmZyw B-bn-cp-∂p.
“a\p-jy-cmb \ap-°pw, \ΩpsS c£bv°pw
th≠n” F∂p≈ hnizm-k-{]-am-W-Øn-eqsS
\nJym kp∂-l-tZmkv AXn-\p≈ adp-]Sn Is≠-
Øn. {Inkva- ns‚ A¤p-Xhpw, AXns‚ al-
Xzhpw hymJym-\n-°pI Bscbpw AXn-i-bn-∏n-
°p∂ ssZhnI Kuc-h-Xym-K-amWv, AXn¬
Dƒt®¿∂ ZnhyImcpWyw Xs∂-bm-Wv. kphn-
tijw km£n-°p∂Xp ssZhw Bbn-Øo¿∂
Hcp a\p-jy-s\-b-√, a\p-jy-\m-bn amdnb Hcp
ssZh-sØ-bm-Wv. At\Iw ImX-ß-ƒ°Ise
tPmen--sN-øp∂ Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ Nn{X-Øn¬
t\m°n s\mº-c-tØmsS Xs‚ AΩtbmSv Hcp
Ip™v samgn-bp-∂p-sh∂v hnNm-cn-°p-I, “Fs‚
A∏≥ Cu Nn{X-Øn¬ \n∂pw Cd-ßn-h∂v
Ft∂m-sSm∂v kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬”. CXp
Xs∂-b-t√, Hcp- ]t£ AXn-ep-]-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂nt√
]X-\-Øn\p tijw a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øns‚ A`n-
emjw? ssZhw H∂v Cdßn h∂n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬!
GI-Pm-Xs\ \¬Ip∂ Bfl-Zm-\-Øn-eqsS
Xs∂ Xs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥,
kwe-`y-am-°p-hm≥ Ahn-Sp∂p Xncp-a-\- m-Ip-∂p.
“]q¿Δ-Im-e-ß-fn¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ hgn hnhn[
L´ßfnepw hnhn[ coXn-I-fnepw ssZhw \ΩpsS
]nXm-°-∑m-tcmSv kwkm-cn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Cu
18
Ah-km\ \mfp-I-fn¬ Xs‚ ]p{X≥ hgn Ahn-
Sp∂p \tΩmSv kwkm-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p (sl-{_m-b¿
1:1-̨ 2). Cu kwth-Z-\hpw kwe-̀ y-Xbpw Iptd-°qSn
Bg-am-°p∂p, I¿Øm-hns‚ i‡-amb Cu
{]t_m-[-\-w; “Fs∂°mWp-∂-h≥ ]nXm-hns\
ImWp∂p (tbml 14:9). ssZh-Øns‚ A\¥
Aÿn-Xz-Øn¬ Ahs\ kao-]n-°p-∂-Xn-t\m,
A{]m-]y-amb {]Im-i-tKm-]p-c-Øn¬ ÿnXn-sN-
øp∂ Ahs\ ASpØp ImWp-∂-Xnt\m a◊-b-
\mb a\p-jy\v km[n-°p-I-bn-s√-∂n-cns° ssZhw
Ah-\n-te-°n-dßn hcp-∂p. ]X-\-Øn-te-°m-≠p-
t]mb a\p-jys‚ Zb-\o-b-h-ÿ-bn-te-°p≈ Cd-
ßn-h-c-hm-bn-cp∂p AXv. “a°ƒ Htc amwk-
Ønepw c‡-Ønepw ̀ mK-̀ m-°p-I-fm-Ip∂ t]mse
Ah\pw Ah-bn¬ `mK-`m-°m-bn” (-sl{_m 2:14).
Zqsc -sb-hn -Stbm amdn -\n∂p a\pjys‚
Ahÿsb ssk≤m-¥n-I-ambn hni-I-e\w
sNbvXp bm{¥n-I-amb ]cn-lm-c-am¿§-߃ ]pd-
s∏-Sp-hn-°p-I-b√ ssZhw sNøpI. ]ns∂tbm, a\p-
jys\ \nc-¥cw A\p-[m-h\w sNbvXp Ahs‚
_e-lo-\-X-I-fn¬ Xs‚ ssIIƒ \o´n Ahs\
Db¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h-\mWv ssZhw. “\ΩpsS
_e-lo-\-X-I-fn¬ \tΩm-sSmØp kl-X-]n-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp {][m\ ]ptcm-ln-X-\√ \ap-
°p-≈-Xv; ]ns∂tbm Hcn-°epw ]m]w sNbvXn-´n-
s√-¶nepw F√m-°m-cy-ß-fnepw \sΩ-t∏m-se-Xs∂
]co-£n-°-s∏-´-h-\mWv Ah≥” (sl{_m 4: 15).
a\p-jym-h-Xmc cl-ky-Øns‚, ssZhw a\p-jym-
\m-b-Xns‚ as‰mcp e£y-am-Wn-hnsS hni-Z-am-°-
s∏-Sp-I. Xs‚ GI-Pm-Xs‚ Cl-tem-I-hmkw
a\p-jys‚ ka-ÿ -ta-J-e-I-sfbpw X∂n-te°v
kmwio-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p. \n -lm-b-\mbn
a\p-jy≥ X∂n-te°v Ic-ap-b¿Øp-tºmƒ Ah-
\n-te°p Xs‚ ssI \o´n-s°m-Sp-°p-hm≥ X°-
hn[w icocw [cn® hN-\-Øns‚ cl-ky-Øn-
eqsS a\p-jy-Po-hnX bmYm¿∞y-ßsf X∂n-te-
°m-h-ln-®ncp∂p ssZhw. ssZhw Fs‚ ]£-sØ-
¶n¬ Bsc-\n°p FXncp \n¬°p-sa-∂-Xns‚
s]mcp -fpw, {]m¿∞n-°m-\-dn -bmØ F\n°v
AhmNy-amb s\Spho¿∏p-I-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ Bflm-
hns‚ am[y-ÿ-Øns‚ kqN-\bpw ChnsS {]k-
‡-am-Wv. a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-c-l-ky-Øns‚ as‰mcp
e£yw A\p-c-RvP-\hpw ka-{K-c-£-bp-am-bn-cp-
∂p. ]nXmhv ]p{Xs\ temI-c-£-I-\mbn Ab-
®p. temI-Øns‚ ]m]-߃ \nhm-cWw sNøm-
\mbn Ahn-Sp∂v BK-X-\m-bn. \o m-bnse {KnKdn
km£ys∏-Sp-Øp∂p; “tcmK-{K-kvXa-mb \ΩpsS
{]Ir-Xnbv°v sshZys\ Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p.
A[:]Xn® a\p-jy\p kap-≤m-c-Is\ thW-am-
bn-cp-∂p. arX-\m-b-h\p Poh-Zm-b-Is\ Bh-iy-
am-bn-cp-∂p. \∑-bpsS ̀ mK-`m-KnXzw \jvS-s∏-´-h\v
AXv Xncn-sI-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-hs\ Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-
∂p. Ccp-´n¬ AS-bv°-s∏-´-h\v shfn-®-Øns‚
km∂n[yw Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. _‘-\-ÿ≥ c£-
Is\ At\z-jn-°p-∂p. Imcm-{K-l-hmkn klm-
b-Is\ tXSp-∂p. ASn-a-Ø-Øns‚ \pIw t]dp∂
\mw hntamNIs\ ImØn-cn-°p-∂p. Ch-sbms°
sNdn-b-Im-c-W-ßtfm, \n m-c-ßtfm Bbn-cp-
∂pthm? a\p-jy-h¿§w AXy¥w Zpcn-X-]q¿Æhpw,
Akz-ÿ-hp-amb Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬
a\p-jy-cpsS ]°-en-te-°n-d -ßn-h-cp -hm-\pw,
Ahs\ kμ¿in-°p-hm\pw ta¬∏-d™ Imcy-
߃ ssZhsØ t{]cn-∏n-®nt√?”. Aß-s\-b-¶n¬
BZn-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ hN-\w, ssZh-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
bm-bn-cp∂ hN\w, ssZh-am-bn-cp∂ hN\w amwk-
ambn \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ IqSm-c-a-Sn®p hkn-®Xv \mw
ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw, Ahs‚ Icp-X¬ {Kln-
°p-hm-\pw, A\p-`-hn-°p-hm-\p-am-Wv. Ahs‚
ssII-fn¬ apdp-sI-]n-Sn®v {InkvXo-b-Po-hn-[-mtbm-
[\w \nd-th-‰p-hm-\m-Wv.
ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Pm-X≥;
\ΩpsS ktlm-Z-c≥
“Fs¥-∂m¬ Ah-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p∂
Gh\pw \in-®p-t]m-ImsX, \nXy-Po-h≥ {]m]n-
°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n Xs‚ GI-Pm-Xs\ \¬Ip-
hm≥ X°-hn[w ssZhw temIsØ A{X-am{Xw
kvt\ln-®p” (tbml 3:16). tbml-∂m≥ hni-Z-am-
°p∂ AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØ, hyh-ÿ-I-fn-√mØ Cu
ssZh-kvt\lamWv {InkvXo-b-Xbv°p auen-IX
\¬Ip∂ Xncp-h-h-Xmc cl-kysØ hymJym-\n-
°p-I. ssZh-Øns‚ AXpey kΩm\w Cu
temIsØ kv]¿in-°pI XnI®pw im¥-ambpw
kuay-hp-am-bm-Wv. ]g-b-Im-eß-fn¬ ssZh- ˛ a-
\pjy kam-K-a\w `oXn-bp-W¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
¶n¬, a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-ØneqsS \nh¿Øn-°-s∏´
kμ¿i\w Gh-scbpw kam-[m-\-Øn¬ tN¿Ø-
W-bv°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. kaÿ BUw-_-c-ß-
sfbpw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B Xncp-]n-d-hn.
Xncp-Ip-Sw-_-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬Im≥ Xncs™
Sp°-s∏´ I\yI temI-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-
∂-h-fm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah-fpsS `¿Ømhv BIs´,
]mh-s∏-s´mcp ac-∏-Wn-°m-c\pw. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-
\mbn Ah¿ X-ßsf ka¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ, ssZh-
Ir] a\p -jys‚ kl-I-c -WtØmSpIqSn
c£bpsS ASpØ L´w kam-cw-`n-°p-∂p. Xs‚
A\p-{K-l-Øns‚ [mcm-fn-Xz-Øn¬ a\p-jys\
\nd-bv°p-hm≥, ]p¬In-b-W™ Zmcn-Zy-Øn-eqsS
Ahs\ kº-∂-\m-°p-hm≥ ssZhw a\- m-Ip-∂p.
“\ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{InkvXphns‚ Ir]
\n߃°-dn-bm-a-t√m. Ah≥ kº-∂-\m-bn´pw
\nßsf {]Xn Zcn-{Z-\m-bn˛ Xs‚ Zmcn-{Zy-Øm¬
\n߃ kº-∂-cm-Im≥ th≠n-Ø-s∂” (2tImdn
8:9). Ahy-h-ÿ-I-fpsS then-tb-‰-ß-fn-eq-sSbmWv
a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-c-lkyw km[n-X-am-b-sX-∂pw,
BZy {InkvXpakv Zmcn{ZyØns‚ ]q¿ÆX
bnemWv BtLmjn°s∏´Xv F∂v AwKoIcn
°s∏Sptºmgpw AXv kt¥mjØns‚ Hcp
Btμmf\ambncp∂p. ImcWw ssZhØns‚
GIPmX≥ \ΩpsS ktlmZc\mbn P\n°pI
19
bmbncp∂p B cm{Xnbn¬, AXpw ]q¿W
a\pjy\mbn. \ΩpsS c£I\mIphm≥ th≠n
]utemkv ]dbp∂Xv t]mse; “P\ßfpsS
]m]߃°v ]cnlmcw sNøp∂Xn\p th≠n
ssZhoI Imcyßfn¬ hnizkvX\pw IcpWbp
≈h\pamb {][m\ ]ptcmlnX\mIm≥ Ah≥
F√m Imcyßfnepw Xs‚ ktlmZct\mSv
kZriy\mtI≠nbncp∂p” (sl{_m 2:17). c≠mw
hØn°m≥ kq∂ltZmkv AXns\ Iptd°qSn
hniZoIcn°p∂p; “AZriy\mb ssZhØns‚
{]Xncq]amb AhnSp∂p Xs∂bmWv BZmans‚
a°fn¬ BZy ]m]Øm¬ hncq]am°s∏´
ssZhnIkmZriyw hos≠SpØ ]q¿Æ a\p
jy\pw. Ah\n¬ kzoIcn°s∏´ a\pjy
kz`mhw FSpØp am‰s∏´n´n√mØXn\m¬,
A°mcWØm¬ Xs∂, \Ωn¬ AXv D∂Xamb
alXzØnte°v Db¿Øs∏´ncn°p∂p. F¥p
sIms≠∂m¬ ssZh]p{X\mb AhnSp∂v Xs‚
a\pjymhXmcØm¬ kIe a\pjytcmSpw
Xs∂ Xs∂ Hcp hn[Øn¬ kwtbmPn∏n®n
cn°p∂p. AhnSp∂p a\pjy Ic߃ sIm≠v
tPmensNbvXp. a\pjy a\ psIm≠v Nn¥n®p.
am\pjnI C—mi‡nsIm≠v {]h¿Øn®p.
am\pjnI lrZbwsIm≠v kvt\ln®p I\yIm
adnbØn¬ \n∂v P\n®v, bYm¿∞Øn¬ \Ωn¬
Hcph\mbn Xo¿∂v, ]m]w HgnsI F√m‰nepw
\tΩmS v kZri\mbn” (GS 22). IodØp
WnIfm¬ Np‰s∏´p Iq¿Ø A{Kßfp≈
]p¬sØm´nbn¬ InSØs]´t∏mƒ B Cfw
ta\n s\m¥ncn°mw. Akzÿamb sltdmtZm
kns‚ a\ n¬ Xs∂ D∑qe\w sNøphm\p≈
]≤Xn DcpØncnbp∂psh∂v Adnbptºmƒ
t]mepw B ssZhnI Zm\w {]m¥{]tZißfn¬
Ae™pXncn™v XßfpsS BSpIsf tabn®
CSb∑m¿°mbn ImØncp∂psh∂pw, At\zj
WXzcXtbmsS ssZhnI kzm¥\sØ tXSn
be™ ]uckvXy ⁄m\nIsf Xs‚
Z¿i\ØneqsS kwXr]vXcm°pIbpw sNbvXp
sh∂pw \ma-dn-bp-∂p. B \nkvXpe Xpdhnbpw
DZm-Ø-amb BXnYyhpw Xs∂bmWv Cl-temI
P\\Øns‚ \nanjØn¬ Xs∂ tbip
bYm¿∞Øn¬ ssZhamsW∂ kXysØ
{]IminXam°pI. ]m›m-Xy-]u-ckvXy hyXym-
k-an-√msX k` Ah-fpsS hnip≤ -Ip¿_m-\-I-
fn¬ Dƒs∏sS {]tLm-jn-°p-∂, “ssZh-Øns‚
GI-]p-{X-\pw, k¿Δ-tem-I-߃°pw apºn¬
]nXm-hn¬ \n∂pw P\n-®-h\pw, {]Im-i-Øn¬
\n∂p≈ {]Im-ihpw, kXy-ssZ-h-Øn¬ \n∂p≈
kXy-ssZ-hhpw, P\n-®-h\pw krjvSn-b-√m-Ø-h-
\pw, kmcmw-i-Øn¬ ]nXm-hn-t\mSv ka-Xz-ap-≈-
h\pw, k¿Δ-kr-jvSn-°pw tlXp-hm-b-h\pw, a\p-
jy-cmb R߃°pw Rß-fpsS c£bv°pw
th≠n kz¿§-Øn¬ \n∂n-dßn” F∂ hnizm-k-
{]-amWw Cu bmYm¿∞ysØ IqSp-X¬ hni-Zo-
I -cn -°p -∂p. Hcp ]t£ Cu kZzm¿∞
ss{IkvXh hnizm-k-Øns‚ am{Xw A\-\y-X-
bm-Wv. tbml-∂m≥ AXns\ hymJym-\n-°p-∂p
“Poh≥ shfn-s∏´p R߃ AXp I≠p, AXn\p
km£yw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]nXm-hn-t\mSp
IqSn Bbn-cp-∂Xpw R߃°p shfn-s∏-́ -Xp-amb
\nXy-Po-h≥ R߃ \nß-tfmSv {]tLm-jn-°p-
∂p” (1 tbml 1:2). \ΩpsS ]nXm-hmb am¿tXm-
Ωm-«o-lmbpw hnizm-k-{]-tLm-jWw C{]-Imcw
\S-Øp-∂p “Fs‚ I¿Ømhpw, Fs‚ ssZh-hp-
ta”. ssZh-Øn¬ am{X-amWv c£. ssZh-amWv
c£. tbip-hns‚ ]c-ky-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Ahn-
Sp∂p \¬Ip∂ ]m]-tam-N-\-hpw, acn-®-hsc
Db¿∏n-°p-∂Xpw X∂nse ssZh-km-cmw-i-Øns‚
kaXzw ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-∂p. AXns‚ BtLm-j-amb
{]Jym-]-\hpw \mw kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ ImWp∂p.
“Rm\mWv ]p\-cp-≤m-\mhpw Poh-\pw. F∂n¬
hniz-kn-°p-∂-h≥ acn-®mepw Pohn°pw” (tbml
11:25). Ahs‚ {]hr¿Øn-Ifnse i‡nbpw
Ahs‚ hm°p-I-fnse ⁄m\hpw Bscbpw
AXn-i-bn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. ssZh-amWv Gh¿°pw \oXn-
am-\mb \ymbm-[n-]≥. kI-e-P-\-]-Y-ßfpw \ymb-
hn-[-n-°mbn a\p-jy-]p-{Xs‚ ap≥]n¬ AWn-tN-
cp-∂-Xns\ tbip hnh-cn-°p∂p aØm-bn-bpsS
kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ (aØm 25: 31˛46). At∏mƒ
ssZho-I- hy-m]cß-fmbn Icp-X-s∏´ kIe
{]hr¿-Øn-Ifpw X∂n¬ \nh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xmbn Ahn-Sp∂p km£n-°p-∂p. D∞m-\-Øn-\p-
tijw Ahs‚ injy-∑m¿ kvt\l-Øns‚bpw,
hnizm-k-Øn-s‚-bpw, ic-W-Øn-s‚-bpw, al-Xz-Øn-
s‚bpw, kvXpXn-bp-sSbpw tbmKy-\mbn I¿Øm-
hns\ km£n-®n-cp-∂p. ssZh-]p-{Xs‚ AXp-
eyhpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-amb a\p-jym-h-Xm-cc-lky-
Øns‚b¿∞w tbip-{InkvXp ]IpXn ssZhhpw
]IpXn a\p-jy-\p-amIp∂psh-∂√. ssZh-{]-Ir-
Xnbpw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xnbpw IqSn-Ip-g™ Hcp an{i-
{]-Ir-Xn -bmWv Ahn-Sp -tØ-bv°p-≈-sX∂pw
AXn\v A¿∞-an-√. bYm¿∞ ssZh-am-b-cns°
Xs∂, Ahn-Sp∂p bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-\mbn. BZy
\q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ D¤-hn® kIe ]mjm-WvU-X-
I-sfbpw tbip-{InkvXp bYm¿∞ ssZhhpw
bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-\p-am-Ip-∂p-sh∂ {]t_m-[-\-
Øn-eqsS Xncp-k` t\cn-´p. I¬°tZm-\n-b≥
kp∂-l-tZmkv {]tLm-jn-°p-∂p. “hnip≤ ]nXm-
°-∑msc A\p-I-cn®p R߃ GI-kz-c-Øn¬
\ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{InkvXp F∂ Htc-
sbmcp ]p{Xs\ G‰p-]-d-bp-I-bpw Ahn-Sp-sØ-°p-
dn-®p -]-Tn-∏n-°p-I-bpw sNøp-∂p. Ahn-Sp∂p ssZh-
Xz-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-\m-Wv. Ahn-Sp∂v a\p-jy-Xz-
Ønepw ]q¿Æ-\m-Wv. ico-chpw bp‡n-k-l-amb
Bflmhpw D≈ Ahn-Sp∂p ]nXm-hn -t\mSv
kssØIyw D≈-h-\m-Wv. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xnsb
kw_-‘n®v Ahn-Sp∂p \tΩmSp kssØ-Iy-ap-
≈-h-\m-Wv. ]m]-sam-gnsI F√m-°m-cy-ß-fnepw
Ahn-Sp∂p \sΩ-t∏m-se-bm-Wv. ssZh-Xz-Øn¬
bpK-߃°p apºp Xs∂, Ahn-Sp∂p ]nXm-hn¬
20
\n∂p P\n-®p. F∂m¬ Cu Ah-km\ \mfp-I-
fn¬ \ap-°p-th-≠nbpw a\p-jy-Xz-Øn¬, ssZh-
am-Xm-hmb ]cn-ip≤ I\yIm adn-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw
`qPm-X-\m-bn”. {InkvXp-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øn\p
\n¿Wm-bI \n¿h-N-\-hpw, BtLm-j-amb
{]tLm-j-W-ßfpw XpS¿∂pw I¬°-tZm-\nbm
kp∂-l-tZmkv \¬Ip-∂p. “I¿Ømhpw GI-Pm-
X-\p-amb Htc-sbmcp {InkvXp. At\ym\y an{i-
W-tam, ]cn-h¿Ø-\-tam, hn -̀P-\-tam, hntbm-Ktam
C√mØ c≠p {]Ir-Xn-I-tfm-Sp- IqSnbh-\m-
sW∂p AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂v R߃ G‰p-
] -d -bp -∂p. ssZh-˛ -a -\pjy {]Ir-Xn -IfpsS
kwtbmKw aqew, {]Ir-Xn-Iƒ°p XΩn-ep≈
hyXymkw \jvS-am-bn-√. adn-®v. GI-hy-‡n-bnepw,
GI D]-ÿn-Xn-bnepw {]Ir-Xn-Iƒ Hcp-an®p tNcp-
tºmgpw Hmtcm {]Ir-Xnbpw AXn-t‚-Xmb khn-
ti-j-X-Iƒ \ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂p”. Cu kXy-hn-
izmk {]Jym-]-\-߃°-∏p-dhpw Nne¿ {InkvXp-
hns‚ a\pjy {]Ir-Xnsb Hcp-Xcw sshb-‡n-
I I¿Øm-hmbn hn`m-h\w sNøm≥ XpS-ßn-b-
t∏mƒ tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏n -fn¬ ktΩ-fn®
A©mw km¿Δ-{XnI kp\-l-tZmkv C{]-Imcw
{]Jym-]n®p; “{InkvXp-hn-¬ Htc-sbmcp D]-ÿnXn,
AXm-bXv hy‡n-am-{Xsa-bp≈q; AXv {XnXz-Øn-
sem-cp-h-\mb \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-
kvXp-hm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Ahn-SpsØ a\p-jy-{]-Ir-
Xn-bn-ep≈sX√mw AXns‚ icn-bmb I¿Øm-
hmb Ahn-SpsØ ssZhn-I-hy-‡n-bn-emWv Btcm-
]n-t°-≠-Xv”. tbip-{InkvXp ssZhn-I-hy-‡nbpw
B hy‡n-bn¬ ssZh-kz-`m-hhpw a\p-jy-kz-`m-
hhpw an{i-W-tam, hn`-P-\tam, Ie¿t∏m, hntbm-
Ktam C√msX ka-⁄-k-bmbn ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p-
∂p-sh∂p k` ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. Xs‚ ssZh-Xz-
Øn\pw I¿Xr-Xz-Øn\pw `wKwhcmsX a\p-
jy\pw \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-c-\p-am-bn-Xo¿∂-h≥
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZh-]p-{X-\m-sW∂p k` ASn-
h-c-bn-Sp-∂p. ka¿∏n-X-bmbn hniz-kn-t®-‰p-]-d-bp-
∂p. ChnsS ssZh-]p-{X≥ Fßs\ a\pjy\mIp-
∂p-sh∂ {]k‡ tNmZy-Øn\p, “a\p-jym-h-Xm-
c-sa∂ cl-kym-flI tbmPn-∏n¬ Ahn-SpsØ
a\p-jy-{]-IrXn hne-bn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-b-√, BZm\w
sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXp” F∂p≈ {]t_m-
[-\-Øn-eqsS c≠mw hØn-°m≥ kp∂-l-tZmkv
khn-ti-j-ambn DØcw \¬Ip∂p (GS 22).
ssZh-\n-›-b-amb ka-bØn¬ ]nXm-hns‚ GI-
Pm-X≥, Ahs‚ kØ-bp-sS {]Xn-Om-b-bm-h≥
a\p-jy-\mbn Ah-X-cn-°p-Ibpw kz¥w ssZh-{]-
Ir-Xn°v `wKw hcmsX a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xnsb
BZm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ Ah≥
ssZh-Øn\pw a\p-jy-\p-an-S-bn¬ GI a≤y-ÿ-
\mbn. A¤p-Xhpw AXn-i-bhpw L\o-`-hn® B
]p¬°q-´nse ]n≈-sØm-´n-en¬ Xs‚ Ip™nfw
ssIIƒ \o´n kI-e-scbpw X∂n-te°v amSn-hn-
fn-®-Xpw, X∂n¬ tiJ-cn-°-s∏-´-h¿°mbn Ic-
߃ Db¿Øn ]c-a-]n-Xm-hn-t\m-S-t]-£n-®Xpw Cu
bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ ]X-aq∂n \n∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv,
ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Pm-X≥ a\p-jy-\m-Ip∂p;
Aßs\ \Ωp-sS ktlm-Z-c-\pam-Ip-∂p.
ssZhw a\p-jy-\m-Ip-∂p-sh∂ Cu hnkva-
b-\ob clkyw \sΩ \n¿h-Nn -°p-∂-Xn¬
AXpey ÿm\-a -e -¶ -cn -°p -∂p. XnI®pw
k¶o¿Æ-amb Hcp hnj-b-Øns‚ ssZh-imkv{X
A]-{K-Y-\-amWv ChnsS \S-∂-Xv. hnj-b-Øns‚
Kuc-h-Øm¬, AXn-ep-]cn Hcp-]t£ hnkvXm-c-
`-b-Øm¬ ]e {]mtbm-KnI am\-߃ kv]¿in-
°-s∏-SmsX t]mbn-cn-°mw ChnsS. Cu teJ-\-
tØm-sSm∏w Cu e°-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂
a‰p teJ-\-߃ Cu hnNn-¥-\sØ IqSp-X¬
{]Im-in-X-am-°n-tb-°mw. Cu teJ\w Db¿Øp-
∂- Hcp ASn-ÿm\ bmYm¿∞yap-≠v. AXns\
kzmwio-I-cn®p am{Xsa \ap°v apt∂m-´p-t]m--Ip-
hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p. As√-¶n¬ \mw C\nbpw
At\z-jn-®ebpw. e£yw {]m]n-°msX XI¿∂-
Sn-bpw. ImcWw c≠mw hØn-°m≥ kp\-l-tZmkv
]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m--se, “a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX
ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ cl-ky-Øn-e-√msX a\p-
jys‚ clkyw icn-bmbn hni-Z-am-Ip-∂n√” (GS22). AtXm-sSm∏w ssZhw a\p-jy-\mbn amdn-b-
Xnse Kuc-h-Xym-Khpw, iq\y-h-Xv°-c-Whpw, Ffn-
abpw kzmb-Ø-am-°n, Cu-tem-IsØ Ipsd-°qSn
sa®-am-°p-hm≥ Ahs‚ Ic-ß-fnse D]-I-c-W-
ß-fm-Ip-hm\pw ssZhw I\n-™-cp-fnb \∑-Iƒ
B ]nXm-hns‚ a°ƒ°SpØ ka-Xz-Ønepw,
GI-Pm-Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c߃ F∂ \ne-bnepw
]¶p-sh®v {InkvXob Pnhn-Xm-tbm-[-\-Øn¬
apt∂-dp-hm\pw Cu AXpey a\p-jym-h-Xmc cl-
kyw \sΩ £Wn-°p-∂p. AXn-\mbn ka¿∏n-X-
cm-Ip-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p.
21
Ih¿ tÃmdn
"ImensØmgpØnse DÆntbip!
shfn]mSns‚ shfn®w e`n®h¿ Ahs\ tXSnsbØpIbpw
Ahs‚ ap≥]n¬ ap´pIpØpIbpw sNøp∂p...
Ahs‚ km∂n[yw
PohnXØns‚ Ccp≠ CS\mgnIfn¬
\nXyXbpsS shfn®w ]cØp∂p!
amemJamcpsS t\¿Ø kwKoXw lrZbßsf kvt\lm¿{Zam°p∂p!
B´nSb¿ Ahs\ tXSnsbØp∂p!
temIw Xo¿Øpw ]cnXy‡a√...
A]cntab\pw AZriy\pambh≥
]cnanXnIfn¬ k∂nlnX\mbn ad™ncn°pIbpw
ASbmfßfneqsS shfns∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p!
H∏w \S°p∂ kvt\lkm∂n[yambv
PohnXßsf Ah≥ sXm´pW¿Øp∂p!
Ah≥ icocsØ Bflmhns‚ IqZmibm°p∂p!
BdSnaÆn¬ HSpßmØ {]Xymisb bmYm¿∞yam°p∂p!
HSphn¬, Rms\s‚ a¨IqSv hn´p ]d∂pt]mIp∂ \mƒ,
ASbmfßfn¬ Rm\dn™ km∂n[yw
\nXyXbn¬ kXyamsbs∂ {Kkn°psa∂pd∏p \¬Ip∂p!”
dh. ^m. h¿Kokv h≈n°m´v
{Inkvakns\°pdn®p≈ Cu \pdpßp
Nn¥Iƒ PohnXØns‚bpw Cu {]]©
Øns‚bpw s]mcpƒ tXSp∂ a\pjys\°pdn®pw,
\ap°v Np‰pap≈ {]IrXnsb°pdn®pw, h¿Æ
\mXoXamb Cu alm {]]©sØ°pdn®p
sa√mw \tΩmSp NnesX√mw ]dbpIbpw
]¶phbv°pIbpw sNøp∂p... {InkvXp kw`h
Øns‚ shfn]mSp aqeyhpw {InkvXob
BflobXbpsS ASnØdbpw, a\pjy `h\
ßfn¬ CSw In´mXncp∂ Cu Znhy iniphn¬
shfns∏Sp∂p... CXm a\pjy≥!
s]mcpƒ tXSp∂ a\pjy≥
as‰√m PohPmeßfn¬\n∂p hyXykvX
ambn a\pjy\v BgØnep≈ kzbmh
t_m[ap≠v. AXn\m¬Øs∂, Xm≥ BcmWv
F∂ tNmZyw Hmtcm hy‡nbpw kzbw tNmZn
°pIbpw Hcp ]cn[nhscsb¶nepw Hmtcmcp
Øcpw AXn\p≈ DØcw Is≠ØpIbpw
sNøp∂p. AkvXnXzØns‚ s]mcpƒ tXSp∂
a\pjy≥ kXyw, \∑, kuμcyw F∂nhbpsS
D]mkI\mbnØocp∂p. ImcWw, kXyw tXSp∂
a\ pw \∑bnte°v BI¿jn°s∏Sp∂
22
lrZbhpw kuμcyØn¬ BaKv\amIp∂
{]Xn`bpamWv a\pjy\p≈Xv. kXyw At\zjn
°pIbpw Is≠ØpIbpw sNøptºmƒ AXv
apdpsI∏nSn°m\p≈ {]hWX F√m a\pjycn
epap≠v. Hcmƒ Is≠Ønb kXyØn¬ Abmƒ
kzbw \nebpd∏n°ptºmƒ Abmƒ Hcp
hnizmknbmIp∂p. bp‡n D]tbmKn®mWv
a\pjy≥ kXysØ At\zjn°p∂Xv. bp‡n
hnNmcw a\pjy\p am{Xw km[yamIp∂ Hcp
{]{InbbmWv. AXv Hcmsf hnizmkntbm
Ahnizmkntbm kwib hmZntbm B°mw.
kXymt\zjnbmb a\ v ]cakXyamb
ssZhsØ Is≠ØptºmgmWv Hcmƒ ssZh
hnizmknbmIp∂Xv. Hcmƒ F¥v hnizkn°p∂p
F∂Xv AbmfpsS PohnXsØ cq]s∏SpØp∂
apJy LSIamWv. ss__nfnse D¬∏Øn
∏pkvXIØn¬ ssZhw, “Xm≥ kr„n®sX√mw
\√sX∂p I≠p” F∂p tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v.
ssZhØns‚ A\¥ \∑bpsS {]Xn^e\w
kr„nbnep≠v F∂mWv {KŸI¿Ømhv CXp
sIm≠v A¿∞am°p∂Xv. \∑sb Xncn®dnbp
tºmƒ AXns\ kvt\ln°m\pw kz¥am°m\p
ap≈ {]hWXbpw a\pjy\nse ssZhmwi
Øns‚ `mKw Xs∂bmWv... X\n°p Np‰pap≈
{]IrXnbpw AXn¬ amdn amdn hcp∂ EXp°fpw
{]IrXnbnse a‰p {]Xn`mkßfpsa√mw
a\pjy\n¬ A¤pXhpw kw{`ahpw `‡ym
Zcßfpw DW¿Ømdp≠v. {]]©Øns‚
{]Xn`mkßfn¬ Hcp alm\mb IemImcs‚
IchncpXpw k¿§ i‡nbpw A\p`hn°p∂
a\pjy≥, Nnet∏msg√mw B alm IemImcs‚
Hcp sNdp ]Xn∏mbn kzbw Xncn®dnbmdpap≠v!
bp‡nhnNmcw, \∑tbmSp≈ {]Xn]Øn,
kuμcy t_m[w F∂nh k¿KmflIamIp
tºmƒ, Ah a\pjy\n¬ bYm{Iaw hnizm
khpw, kvt\lhpw, {]Xymibpw D±o]n∏n°p∂p.
ChbmWv krjn]camb {]h¿Ø\߃°v
a\pjy\v {]tNmZ\w \¬Ip∂Xv.
k¿KmflIXbpw BflobXbpw
PohnXØns‚bpw Cu {]]©Øns‚bpw
s]mcpƒ tXSp∂Xv Bflobamb Hcp {]{Inb
Xs∂bmWv. imkv{X hn⁄m\w hnIkn°p
∂Xn\v Bbnc°W°n\v h¿j߃°p ap≥]p
Xs∂ a\pjy≥ Cu At\zjWw Bcw`n
®ncp∂p. Bflobamb CØcw At\jW߃
hyXykvX ssZh k¶ev]ßfnte°pw aXßfn
te°pw a\pjys\ FØn°pIbmbncp∂p F∂p
]dbmw. F√m aXßfpsSbpw ASnÿm\ambn
\nesIm≈p∂Xv a\pjys‚ Bflmt\zjWw
Xs∂bmWv. BflobXbn¬ k¶¬∏ i‡n°p
AXpey ÿm\amWp≈Xv. ]pcmX\ `mcX
Ønse al¿jnam¿ CXv Xncn®dn™ncp∂p.
AXn\memWv Ah¿ Cuizcs\ GsX¶nepw
Hcp {]tXyI `mhØn¬ k¶¬∏n®p Zo¿L
Imew X]kv A\pjvTn®Xpw B Cuizc
kzcq]sØ {]m¿∞\bpw ]qPIfpw _enIfpw
A¿∏n®p Bcm[n®pt]m∂Xpw. k¶ev]i‡n
sIm≠p PohnXØns‚ hyXykvX tNmZ\
IfpsS CgIƒ s\bvXptN¿°pIbpw A\p`h
ßsfbpw A\p`qXnIsfbpw kv]pSwsNbvXp
hm°pIfneqsSbpw Nn{XßfneqsSbpw Bhnjv
Icn°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠mWv a\pjy≥
Xs‚ BflobXbpsS temIw hn]peam°nbXv.
]pcmX\ Kplm Nn{Xßfpw XeapdIƒ ssI
amdnh∂ kr„n IYIfpw hwimhen°YIfp
sa√mw a\pjy≥ Bcv F∂p shfns∏SpØp
∂hbmWv.
A\p`hßsfbpw A\p`qXnIsfbpw
BJym\ßfm°n IY ]dbm\p≈ Ignhn¬
\n∂mWv anØpIfpw Imhyßfpw BJym\
ßfpw D≠mIp∂Xv. IYIƒ XeapdIfneqsS
ssIam‰w sNøs∏Sptºmƒ A\p`hßfpw
kw`hßfpw Iq´nt®¿°s∏SpIbpw BJym\
߃ hnImkw {]m]n°pIbpw aqey߃°p
cq]m¥cw kw`hn°pIbpw sNømw. Htc IY
Xs∂ hyXykvX BJym\ßfneqsS PohnX
Øn\p hyXykvX hymJym\߃ Nas®∂pw
hcmw. IYIƒ ]d™p ]d™mWv kaql߃
cq]wsIm≈p∂sX∂p Atacn°≥ kmaqly
imkv{X⁄\mb B≥{Uq Fw. {Koen A`n
{]mbs∏´n´p≠v. CXn¬ Gsd hmkvXh
ap≠pXm\pw. ssIam‰w sNøs∏Sp∂ IYbpambn
Hmtcm Xeapdbpw XmZmflyw {]m]n°pIbpw
{ItaW AXv XßfpsSXs∂ IYbmbn Ah¿
a\ nem°pIbpw AXv AhcpsS PohnXsØ
cq]m¥cs∏SpØpIbpw sNøp∂p. ss__nfnse
]pd∏mSv ]pkvXIw ]dbp∂ ]emb\Øns‚
IY CØcØnep≈ H∂mWv. B IYbmWv
]n¬°meØv C{kmtb¬ F∂ kaqlsØ
cq]s∏SpØp∂Xv. ImensØmgpØpapX¬
Im¬hcnhscbp≈ PohnXØneqsSbpw,
23
tbiphns‚ actWm∞m\ßfneqsSbpw shfn
s∏´ ssZh ImcpWyØns‚ IYbmWv
{InkvXob kaqlsØ cq]s∏SpØp∂Xpw
cq]m¥cs∏SpØp∂Xpw... Hcp kaqlØnse
AwK߃ XΩn¬ ]ckv]c hnizmkhpw
[mcWbpw klIcWhpw hf¿Øp∂Xpw
kaql߃°v kzXzt_m[hpw A`nam\
t_m[hpw {]Zm\w sNøp∂Xpw CØcw
BJym\ßfmWv. kvt\ln°m\pw {]Xnk‘n
L´ßfn¬ ]XdmsX \n¬°m\pw ]ckv]cw
klmbn°m\pw XømdmIp∂ sI´pd∏p≈
kaqlßsf cq]s∏SpØp∂Xn\v Ahbv°v
Ignbpw. CØcw Imhyßfpw BJymbnIIfp
ans√¶n¬ kaqlw IYbn√mØXmbn Xocpw!
C{]Imcw kaqlßsf cq]s∏SpØpIbpw
\ne\n¿ØpIbpw ]cnt]mjn∏n°pIbpw
sNøp∂ BJymbnIIsfbpw Imhyßsfbpw
alm Imhyßsfbpw cq]s∏SpØp∂Xv ssZhoI
{]tNmZ\w e`n® a\pjycpsS k¶¬∏
i‡nbpsS {]h¿Ø\ ^eambmWv. B
k¶¬∏ i‡nsb \bn°p∂XmIs´ A\p`h
ßfn¬\n∂p Ah¿ B¿Pns®SpØ hnizmkhp
amWv.
Adnhns‚ c≠p hgnIƒ: kmayhpw
sshcp[yhpw
_rlZmJym\ßfpsS cN\bn¬ a\pjy
\nse k¶ev]i‡n c≠p coXnbn¬ {]mh¿Øn
IamIp∂Xp ImWmw: sshcp[y߃°p Du∂¬
sImSpØpsIm≠pw, kmayw Nq≠n°m´nbpw.
]ca \∑ kzcq]\mb Cuizc≥ Xn∑ \nd™
Cu temIØn¬\n∂p A\¥ambn AI∂n
cn°p∂p, A\izc\mb ssZhhpw \izc\mb
a\pjy\pw XΩn¬ bmsXmcp kmayhpan√
XpSßnbh sshcp[yßfn¬ Du∂nbp≈
k¶¬∏ i‡nbpsS ]cnIev]\IfmWv.
kmayØn\v -- Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ k¶ev]
i‡nbpsS ^eamWv ssZhØns‚ i‡nbpw
\∑bpw kuμcyhpsa√mw kr„nbn¬ {]Xn
^en°p∂p F∂ ]pcmX\ {Ko°v Nn¥IcpsS
ImgvN∏mSv. a\pjy≥ ssZhØns‚ Ombbpw
kmZriyhpamWv F∂ ss__nfns‚ ImgvN
∏mSn\p ]n∂nepw kmayØn¬ Du∂nbp≈ k¶¬∏
i‡nbpsS {]h¿Ø\w ImWmw. CXv krjvSnbn¬
ad™ncn°p∂ ssZhkm∂n[yØnte°p Zr„n
]mbn°p∂Xn\p hmb\°mcs\ klmbn°p∂p.
A¥cymanbmb Cuizcs\ [ym\n°p∂Xn\pw,
Zriy hkvXp°fnepw hy‡nIfnepw kw`h
ßfnepw Cuizcs‚ AZriy km∂n[yw
Z¿in°p∂Xn\pw, ]pcmX\ `mcXØnse
al¿jnam¿°p Ign™ncp∂p. \macq]߃°
XoX\mb {_“s‚ AXnimbnXzw Du∂n∏d™
Ah¿ a\pjy\n¬ AhnSsØ A¥cymanXzhpw
Adn™ncp∂p. ssZhw F¥n\p a\pjy\mhWw
F∂ tNmZyØn\p≈ DØchpw Cßs\tb
{Kln°m≥ Ignbq.
BflobXsb∂m¬ ssZhkm∂n≤y
t_m[amWv
kr„n {k„mhns\ k∂nlnXam°p∂p!
F√mbnSØpw F√m‰n\pw ]n∂n¬ ssZhw
ad™ncn°p∂p! Hmtcm hy‡nbnepw, Pohn
bnepw, \n¿÷oh hkvXp°fn¬t]mepw ssZhnI
ssNX\yw an∂n adbp∂p! ssZh]p{Xs‚
a\pjymhXmcw Ncn{XØnse k÷ohamb
ssZhkm∂n[yØns‚ aq¿Øcq]amWv! ssZhw
ÿeIme _‘nXamb Ncn{XØn¬ k∂nlnX
amIp∂ A¤pXIcamb {]Xn`mkamWv tbip!
Ah≥ P\XIƒ°p {]Imihpw {]]©w
apgph≥ \ndbp∂ ssZh km∂n[yØns‚
ssNX\yhpamIp∂p! {IqcXbpw A{Iahpw
am’cyhpw \nd™ temIØn¬, ]ckv]c
hnizmkhpw, kvt\lhpw, {]Xymibpw km[y
amsW∂v ssZhkm∂n[y t_m[w a\pjy\v
Dd∏p\¬Ip∂p. {]]©w ssZh km∂n[y
Øns‚bpw ssZhImcpWyØns‚bpw Hm¿Ω
s∏SpØemIptºmƒ, a\pjy\v ]ckv]cw
kvt\ln°m\pw, £an°m\pw, BZcn°m\pw
Ignbp∂p. ]p¬°q´nse DÆn “CΩm\pth¬”AYhm \tΩmsSm∏w hkn°p∂ ssZhamWv!
Ahs‚ k÷oh km∂n[yw hnip≤ k`bn
eqsS, IqZmiIfneqsS, Zcn{ZcneqsS, ]oUnX
cneqsS, kvt\lnXcneqsS, hy‡nIfneqsS,
kw`hßfneqsS \mw C∂pw A\p`hn°p∂p!
hnip≤ kabßfpw, ÿeßfpw hy‡nIfpw
Ahs‚ km∂n[yØns‚ khntij ASbm
fßfpw {]XoIßfpamIp∂p!
hni°p∂hcnepw Zmln°p∂hcnepw
tcmKnbnepw ]ctZinbnepw Zcn{Z\nepw
ImcmKrlhmknbnepw Xs∂ Z¿in°p∂hcmWv
Xs‚ bYm¿∞ injysc∂v kphntijßfnse
tbip Nq≠n°m´p∂p. kzPohnXwsIm≠v
a‰p≈hsc kvt\ln°m\pw a‰p≈hcpsS
\∑°mbn PohnXw ka¿∏n°m\pap≈
k∂≤XbmWv Hcphs\ Bflob\m°p
∂Xv.ssZhw a\pjy\mbn F∂Xv tIhew Hcp
`mh\b√. a\pjy\nse k¶¬∏ i‡nsb
\nc¥cw DW¿ØpIbpw bp‡nsb sh√phnfn
°pIbpw lrZbsØ km{μam°pIbpw
Bflmhns\ ssZhoIXbnte°p Db¿ØpIbpw
sNøp∂ Ncn{X kw`hambn AXv \nesIm≈p
IbmWv! temIØn¬ Hmtcm kw`h߃°p
]n∂nepw ssZhØns‚ Hcp Isøm∏p
ad™ncn°p∂p≠mhpw; temIsØ IqSpX¬
\√Xpw at\mlchpam°m≥ a\pjysc
£Wn°p∂ Hcp Blzm\w! ssZhØn\p
temIØn¬ {]h¿Øn°m≥ \ΩpsS a\ pw
24
lrZbhpw IcßfpwBhiy
ap≠v F∂v Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂
HcSbmfw!
icocw shdpw Hcp
hkvXph√, AXv Hcp
km∂n[yØns‚ ASbmf
amWv. hN\Øns‚ a\pjym
hXmcw F√m icocß
sfbpw hN\Øns‚ IqZm
ibm°p∂p. PohnXßsf
temIØn¬ ssZhØns‚
ZuXy hmlIcm°p∂p.
sshcp≤ymflI k¶¬∏
i‡n°p {]m[m\yan√ Ft∂m Bflob
PohnXØn¬ AXn\p ÿm\an√ Ft∂m
CXn\¿∞an√. ssZhØns‚ AXnimbnXz
Ønepw Akm∂n[yØnepw Du∂nbp≈
{]m¿∞\Ifpw ssZhØm¬ Dt]£n°s∏´
a\pjys‚ hnem]ßfpw Bflob PohnX
Øns‚ `mKamImw F∂v k¶o¿Ø\ßfpw
kphntijßfpw km£yw \¬Ip∂p...
Im¿taLw kqcys\ F∂t]mse Nne A\p
`h߃ ssZhsØ adbv°p∂p. ss__nfnse
tPm_ns‚ ]pkvXIw ssZhØns‚ \oXn°p
ap\v]n¬ a\pjys‚ \n mcXbpw \n lm
bXbpw shfns∏SpØp∂XmWv. ssZhØm¬
ssIhnSs∏´ a\pjy hwiØns‚ hnem]w
Ipcnin¬ a\pjy]p{Xs‚ hnem]ambn
amdp∂p≠t√m... ssZhw C√mØ A\p`hw Hcp
hnizmknsb kw_‘n®nStØmfw `oIcamb
iq\yXbpw A‘Imchpambncn°pw. hnip≤m
flm°fpsS PohnXßfn¬ t]mepw C{]Imc
ap≈ Ccp≠ cm{XnIƒ D≠msb∂p hcmw.
Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠nse c≠p temIalm
bp≤ßfpw, ln‰ve¿ \SØnb a\pjy°pcp
XnIfpw, {]Xybimkv{XßfpsSbpw aX`oIc
XbptSbpsams° t]cn¬ C∂pw \S∂p
sIm≠ncn°p∂ alm ]mXIßfpw a\pjys\
CØcw A‘Imc A\p`hØnte°v FØn°p
∂p≠v. CuizcmkvXnXzsØ \ntj[n°p∂Xn¬
hsc CØcw A\p`h߃°p hnt[bcmbh¿
FØnt®¿∂n´pap≠v.
BflobX {InbmflIamhWw.
kr„n Cuizcs‚ Hcp eoebmbn `mcXob
Z¿i\߃ hymJm\n®n´p≠v. eoesb∂m¬
BhnjvImcamWv. AXn¬ F√mh¿°pw Hcp
]¶p hln°m\p≠v. Cu alm \mSIØn¬
A¿∞]q¿Æambn ]¶p]‰p∂h¿°mWv shfn
]mSns‚ shfn®w AYhm ⁄m\w e`n°p∂Xv.
ssZhnI ⁄m\Øns‚ shfn®w e`n®h¿°v
PohnXw ssZhhpambn ]¶ptNcm\p≈ Hcp
thZnbpw AhkchpamWv. PohnXw A¿∞
]q¿Wam°p∂Xn\p Cu ]¶ptNc¬ \sΩ
klmbn°p∂p. kvt\ln°m\pw a‰p≈hcpsS
\∑°mbn PohnXw tlman°m\pap≈ k∂≤
XbmWv Hcphs\ as‰mcp {InkvXphm°p∂Xv--.
BflobX am‰Øn\pth≠n
\nesIm≈m\p≈ k∂≤XbmWv
a\pjy k¶¬∏Øn\v Iev]\mtijn
bp≠v. AXn\p \nehnep≈hsb am‰m\pw
sa®ambXns\ kr„n°m\pap≈ i‡nbp≠v.
Ncn{Xw kr„n°m\pw Ncn{XKXnsb hgn
Xncn®phnSm\pw AXn\p Ignbpw. \nehnep
≈hbpsS ]cnanXnbpw {]iv\ßfpw{Kln°m\pw
]pXnbhsb hn`mh\w sNøm\pw a\pjys\
{]m]vX\m°p∂ a\pjy\nse Cu Iev]\m
i‡nbmWv {]hmNI∑msc kr„n°p∂Xv. Cu
temIØn\pw ChnsSbp≈ F√m bmYm¿Yy
߃°pw ]cnanXnb≠v. ]cnanXnIfpw ]cm
Pbßfpw PohnXØns‚ ̀ mKambn kzoIcn°m≥
BflobX \sΩ klmbn°p∂p. temI Zr„ym
]cmPbambncp∂ AØcw hnip≤ PohnX
ßfmWv a\pjy cminsb G‰hpa[nIw {]tNmZn
∏n®n´p≈Xv! ]cmPbØnepw acWØnepw
]XdmØ Bflss[cyw {]Zm\w sNøm≥
BflobXbv°v Ignbpw. kr„n AXns‚
]q¿ÆX {]m]n°p∂Xv {k„mhnseØn
t®cptºmgmsW∂p hnizmkw Hcph\v
Dd∏p\¬Ip∂p. acWtØ°mƒ i‡amb Hcp
kvt\lØn\p Bflob a\pjy≥ kzbw
G¬∏n®p sImSp°p∂p. Aßs\bp≈h¿°mWv
Hcn°epw AWbmØ {]XymibpsS hmlI
cmIm≥ Ignbp∂Xv. Xncp∏ndhnbpsS s]mcpƒ
Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏n¬ shfns∏Sp∂p!
25
hS°≥ C‰enbnse temI{]ikvXhpw
caWobhpamb sh\okv \KctØmSv tN¿∂p
InS°p∂ c≠p e£Øne[ne[nIw P\߃
A[nhkn°p∂ Hcp at\mlc \KcamWv ]mZph.
BwKe`mjbnse hnizkmlnXyImc∑mcmb
tjIv--kv--]nbdns‚ lmkyIrXnbmb “ipWvTn
°mcnsb sacp°¬” (The Taming of the Shrew), Hkv-
Im¿ ssh¬Uns‚ Zpc¥ \mSIamb “]mZphm
bnse {]`p]Xv--\n” (The Duchess of Padua) XpSßnb
IrXnIƒ Cu \KcsØ ]›mØeam°n
cNn°s∏´n´p≈XmWv. {]iÿ imkv{X⁄
\mbncp∂ Keoentbm ]Xns\´p h¿j°mew
A[ym]I\mbn tPmensNbvX k¿hIem
imebpw ]mZphmbnemWv. F∂m¬ Cu \Kcw
C∂v hnizsaßpw {]ikvXambncn°p∂Xns‚
{][m\ ImcWßfnsem∂v F´p \q‰m≠v ap≥]v
AhnsS Pohn®p acn® At¥mWntbmkv
]pWyhms‚ t]cnemWv.
temIsaºmSpw “]mZphmbnse At¥mWn
tbmkv” F∂mWv Adnbs∏Sp∂sX¶nepw
t]m¿®pKen¬ hnip≤≥ Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv
“enkv_Wnse At¥mWntbmkv” F∂mWv.
cmPyXeÿm\amb enkv_Wn¬ P\n®p
hf¿∂Xn\m¬ t]m¿®pKokpIm¿°pw ]mZp
hmbn¬ acn®p AS°w sNøs∏´hs\∂
\nebn¬ C‰en°m¿°pw At¥mWntbmkv
th≠s∏´h\mWv. {]`pIpSpw_Ønse kº∂
Xbn¬ P\n®phf¿∂h≥ tbiphns‚ Zmcn
{ZysØ ]p¬Inb {^m≥kn ns‚ Xm]
dh. tUm. amXyp Nm¿Øm°pgnbn¬
26
PohnXsØ Bt«jn°p∂p. A¥cn®p Hcm≠v
XnIbp∂Xn\p ap≥t] k`bn¬ HutZymKnI
ambn ]cnip≤\mbn \maIcWw sNøs∏´
At¥mWntbmkv C∂pw At\I¿°vamXrIbpw
{]tNmZ\hpamWv.
bqtdm]y≥ `qJfiØns‚ Z£nW˛]›na
Zn°nembn A‰vem‚nIv kap{Z XoctØmSv tN¿∂p
InS°p∂ t]m¿®pKens‚ C∂sØ Xe
ÿm\amb enkv_WnemWv At¥mWn
tbmkv P\n®Xv. sIm´mc DtZymKÿ\mb
hnks‚ am¿´ns‚bpw {]`pIpSpw_Øn¬ s]´
sXtck ss]kv XsshdmbpsSbpw ]p{X\mbn´v
1195 BKÃv 15˛\mbncp∂p At¥mWntbmkns‚
P\\w. s^¿Wmt≠m am¿´n≥kv tZ _ptfmkv
F∂ \matØmsS amXm]nXm°∑m¿ P\\
Øns‚ F´mw Znhkw IØo{U¬ tZhmeb
Øn¬ sIm≠ph∂p Ah\p amtamZok IqZmi
\¬In. amXmhns‚ kz¿§mtcm]W Xncp\mfn¬
P\n®h≥ F∂ \nebn¬ henb amXr`‡\mbn
s^¿Wmt≠msb Ahs‚ AΩ hf¿Øn
s°m≠phcm≥ {i≤n®p. (IØo{Uent\mSv tN¿∂v
hn. At¥mWntbmkv P\n® ÿew C∂v Hcp
tZhmebambn ]cnh¿Ø\s∏SpØnbncn°p∂p).
amXm]nXm°∑mcpsS ]mXbn¬ k©cn®p D∂X
`cWÿm\ßfnseØp∂Xn\v P∑\m Xncs™
Sp°s∏´h\mbncp∂ps^¿Wmt≠m. F∂m¬
ssZhØm¬ {]tXyIw hnfn°s∏´ s^¿Wm
t≠mbv°v X\n°v Np‰pap≠mbncp∂ kº∂X
shdpsamcp ]pIt]msesb∂p Xncn®dnbm≥
sNdp∏Øn¬ Xs∂ Ign™ncp∂psh∂v At±l
Øns‚ PohNcn{XImc∑m¿ tcJs∏SpØn
bncn°p∂p.
\KcØnse G‰w {]ikvXambIØo{U¬
kv--Iqfnembncp∂p s^¿Wmt≠mbpsS {]mYanI
hnZym`ymkw. F∂m¬ Ft∏mgpw tZhme
bØnepw, AXnt\mS\p_‘n® Imcyßfnepw
A`ncan®ncp∂ Xs‚ PohnXw XpS¿∂pw ssZhoI
hgnbneqsS {]bmWw sNøp∂Xn\msW∂v
Ah≥ sNdp∏Øn¬ Xs∂ Xncn®dn™ncp∂p.
amXm]nXm°∑mcpsS A\phmZtØmsS ]Xn\
©masØ hb n¬ enkv_Wn\SpØp≈
hnip≤ AKkvXot\mkns‚ B{iaØn¬
tN¿∂v k\ymk ]cnioe\w Bcw`n®p.
F∂m¬ XßfpsS {]nbs∏´ s^¿Wmt≠m
tbmSp≈ kvt\lw {]ISn∏n°p∂Xn\mbn
ho´pImcpw, Iq´pImcpw B{iaØnse \nXy
kμ¿iIcmbnØo¿∂p. Xm≥ A`nejn®
GIm¥Xbv°pw, {]m¿∞\mPohnXØn\pw Cu
kμ¿i\߃ hnLmXw kr„n°p∂psh∂v
Xncn®dn™ s^¿Wmt≠m AhnsS\n∂pw
Ccp\qdv Intemao‰¿ ZqcØnep≈ t]m¿´p
K√ns‚ A∂sØ Xeÿm\ambncp∂ tImbn
av{_bnep≈ km¥m{Iqkv B{iaØnte°v
am‰w tNmZn®p hmßn. ChnsSbmWv sshZnI
\mIp∂Xn\p≈ ssZhimkv{X ]T\hpw,
eØo≥ `mjm]T\hpw At±lw XpS¿∂p
\SØnbXv. C°mebfhn¬ Xs∂ Akm[mcW
]T\ssh`hw {]ISam°nbncp∂ s^¿Wmt≠m
Kl\amb ssZhimkv{X XXzßfpw hnip≤
{KŸØnse clkyßfpw hfsc thKØn¬
lrZnÿam°pIbpw AXv Bhiyap≈t∏mƒ
Hm¿Ωns®Sp°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p.
]utcmlnXy ip{iqjbpsS Bcw`Øn¬
]sØm≥]Xmw hb n¬ s^¿Wmt≠msb
B{iaØn¬ hcp∂ AXnYnIfpsS NpaXe
°mc\mbn \nban°p∂p. Cu kabØv ASpØ
ImeØv ÿm]nXamb {^m≥knk-vI≥ k\ymk
27
kaqlØnse Nne k\ymknIƒ kphntij
{]tLmjWØn\mbn B{^n°bnte°p≈
bm{Xmat≤y s^¿Wmt≠mbpsS B{iaØn¬
AYnXnIfmbn Xmakn°p∂p. Chsc B{ia
tØmSv tN¿∂p≈ CuPn]vXnse At¥mWn
tbmkns‚ \maØn¬ \n¿Ωn® sNdnb IpSnen¬
Xmakn∏n®p. AhcpsS efnX PohnXhpw,
kphntijm[njvTnX NcyIfpw Ahsc ]cnNcn®
s^¿Wmt≠msb AXnbmbn BI¿jn®p.
samtdmt°mbn¬ kphntij {]h¿Ø\Øn¬
G¿s∏´ncp∂ kabØv Ch¿ A©p t]cpw
AhnsS c‡km£nXzw hcn®p F∂ hm¿Ø
bmWv ]n∂oSv tIƒ°p∂Xv. t]m¿®pK√nse
lukns‚ t]cn¬ \n∂pw {]tNmZ\w Dƒ
s°m≠p acp`qanbnse alm\mb ]pWyhms\
amXrIbm°n At¥mWntbmkv F∂ ]pXnb
\maw kzoIcn°p∂p.
AKkvXot\mkns‚bpw, sX¿Øpey
s‚bpw \mSmb B{^n°bn¬ {InkvXp ktμiw
]q¿Δm[nIw i‡ntbmsS ]p\xÿm]n°pI
F∂ e£ytØmsS {^m≥knk-vI≥ \n›b
Zm¿Vyw ssIapXem°n ^nent∏msb∂
Aflmb ktlmZcs\bpw Iq´n At¥mWn
tbmkv samtdmt°mbnte°v bm{X Xncn®p.
F∂m¬ c‡km£nXzw At¥mWntbmkn
\pth≠n ssZhw IcpXn h®n´p≠mbncp∂n√.
cmPIpSpw_w AhcpsS icoc߃ hos≠SpØv
hotcmNnXamb ihkwkv -Imcw \SØn.
F√mhcpw ChcpsS acWØn¬ ZpxJm¿Ø
cmbt∏mƒ s^¿Wmt≠m AhcpsS efnX
PohnX ssienbpw, Bflm°sf t\Sp∂Xn\p≈
Xo£vWXbpw, c‡km£nXzØn\p≈
[ocXbpw A\pIcn°m\p≈ ]cn{iaØn
embncp∂p. Ch¿ XpSßnh®Xv XpScpI F∂
e£ytØmsS AKkvXot\mkns‚ B{ia
Ønse A[nImcnIfpsS A\phmZtØmsS
s^¿Wmt≠m {^m≥knk- vI≥ k\ymk
kaqlØn¬ tN¿∂p. B{iatØmSv tN¿∂p
≠mbncp∂, c‡km£nIfmb {^m≥knkv--°≥
k\ymknIƒ hkn®, At¥mWntbmkv KÃv
samtdmt°mbn¬ At±lw tcmK_m[nX\mbn
\mev amkØn\ptijhpw Hcp ]ptcmKXnbpw
Z¿in°mØXn\m¬ A[nImcnIfpsS \n¿tZi
{]Imcw t]m¿®pK√nte°v XncnsI I∏¬
Ibdm≥ \n¿_‘nX\mbn. F∂m¬ IS¬
t£m`Øn¬s∏´ I∏¬ At±lsØ C‰m
enb≥ Zzo]mb knknenbn¬ FØn®p. AhnSp
sØ sa o\sb∂ {]tZisØ {^m≥knk-vI≥
B{iaØn¬ A`bw {]m]n® At¥mWntbmkv
]n∂oSv Skv--IWnbn¬ {^m≥knkv--I≥ k\ymkn
\nIsf klmbn°m\p≈ ZuXyw Gs‰Sp°p∂p.
Cu kabØv 1221 sabv 30˛\v {^m≥kn
k-vI≥ kaqlØns‚ \memw P\d¬ Nm]v‰¿
A oknbn¬ h®v XpSßp∂p. Npcpßnb
28
Imebfhnep≈ {^m≥knk-vI≥ kaqlØns‚
XzcnX hf¿® {^m≥kokv A oknbpsS
henb kzm[o\Øns‚ ASbmfw IqSnbm
bncp∂p. GXm≠v c≠mbnctØmfw {^m≥kn
k- vI≥ k\ymknIƒ Cu ktΩf\Øn¬
kw_‘n°p∂Xn\mbn AhnsS FØnbncp∂p.
{^m≥knkns‚ GXv B⁄bpw A\pkcn
°m≥ k∂≤cmbn, temIØns‚ GXp
tImWnepw kphntij ZuXyhpambn t]mIp
∂Xn\pw Ah¿ Xømdmbncp∂p. At¥mWn
tbmkn\v Cu A\p`hw henb Bflob
A\p`qXn \¬Ip∂Xmbncp∂p. Ahcn¬
Hcmfmbn BcpadnbmsX \n¬°ptºmgpw,
Hcn°¬ Xs‚ k\ymk kaqlØnse G‰w
Adnbs∏Sp∂ hnip≤\mbn temIw Xs∂
Adnbpw F∂v At¥mWntbmkv Hcn°epw
IcpXnbn´p≠mhn√. Xs‚ kaql ÿm]I\mb
{^m≥knkns‚ AcnIn¬ kabw Nnehgn°m≥
km[n®Xv henb `mKyambn At¥mWntbmkv
IcpXn.
Cßs\sbms° Bbncps∂¶nepw C‰en
bnse B{iaßfnsem∂pw IriKm{X\pw, Hcp
tcmKnsbs∏mse Ft∏mgpw ImWs∏´ncp∂
h\pamb At¥mWntbmkns\ B¿°pw
Bhiyap≠mbncp∂n√. am{Xa√ At±l
Øns‚ hnZym`ymksØ°pdn®pw, IgnhpIsf
°pdn®pw A[nIam¿°pw Adnhp≠mbncp∂n√.
F¥v tPmenbpw sNøp∂Xn\v Xømdmbncp
s∂¶nepw XßfpsS k\ymk `h\Øn\p
At¥mWntbmkv Hcp _m[yXbmbnØocpsa∂v
IcpXnb B{iam[n]∑mcmcpw At±lsØ
IqsS°q´m≥ Xømdmbn√. Aßs\bncn°p
tºmƒ s_mtfmt™mbnse t{]mhn≥kns‚
kp∏ocnb¿ ̂ m. {Km nb\v Bdv {_tZgv--kv am{X
ap≠mbncp∂ Hcp `h\Øn¬ Ip¿_m\
b¿∏n°p∂Xn\v Hcp sshZnIs\ Bhiy
ambncp∂p. Aßs\ aeapIfnep≈ tam≥tX
]utfm `h\Ønte°v At¥mWntbmkv
Ab°s∏´p.
{^m≥knk-vI≥ kaql ÿm]\Øns‚
Bcw`w apX¬Xs∂ \Kcßfnepw {Kmaßfnep
sams° B{ia߃ ÿm]n°pIbpw emfnXy
Øne[njvTnXambn kphntij {]h¿Ø\
ßfn¬ {^m≥knk-vI≥ k\ymknIƒ G¿
s∏SpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. Sk-vIWnbnse ae\nc
Ifnep≈ A[nIamcpw IS∂p sN√mØ B{iaw
At¥mWntbmkns\ kw_‘n®p {]m¿∞\
bv°pw ssZhoI kwk¿§Øn\pw G‰w A\ptbm
Pyamb ÿeambncp∂p. AhnsS Xs‚ k\ymk
ktlmZc߃°v th≠n F√m Znhkhpw
_enb¿∏n°pIbpw, AXn\v tijw AhnsS
B{iatØmSv tN¿∂p≠mbncp∂ Hcp Kplbn¬
{]m¿∞\bnepw [ym\Ønepw ssZhoI kwk¿
§Ønepw At¥mWntbmkv Xs‚ kabw Nneh
gn°pIbpw sNbvXp. {_Upw sh≈hpw am{Xw
A\pZn\w Blmcam°n ssht°men¬ Hcp I√v
XebnWbmbn D]tbmKn®v DdßpIbpw sNøp∂
At¥mWntbmkns‚ ssZhoI ssNX\yw
At∏mƒ A[nIamcpw I≠ncp∂n√. Cu
imcocnI X]›cyIƒ henb Bflob
D∂Xnbnte°v Dbcp∂Xn\p≈ Nhn´p
]SnIfmbn At±lw D]tbmKn®p. F∂m¬ Cu
ImebfhnemWv At±lw k¶o¿Ø\
]pkvXIw hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXv AXn\v Xt‚Xmb
Hcp `mjyw Xømdm°nbXv. henb kphntij
{]kwKI\mIp∂Xn\mbn ssZhw Hcp°n
s°mSpØ hgnIfmbncp∂p Chsb∂v A∂v
At¥mWntbmkv IcpXnbn√.
t^m¿en F∂ ÿeØph®p 1222 am¿®v
19˛\v \S∂ sUman\n°≥˛{^m≥knk-vI≥
k\ymknamcpsS sshZnI∏´w \¬I¬
ip{iqjbn¬ kw_‘n°p∂Xn\v At¥mWn
tbmkn\pw ktlmZc∑m¿°pw £Ww e`n®p.
[mcmfw P\ßfpw AXn\mbn AhnsS
FØnbncp∂p. F∂m¬ AhnsS Bcv {]kwKw
\SØpw F∂Xns\°pdn®p Nn¥m°pg∏w
D≠mbn. kphntij {]tLmjWØn\v
hn{ipXcmb sUman\n°≥ k\ymknIƒ AXv
sNbvXpsIm≈psa∂v {^m≥knkv--°≥ k\ym
knIƒ Nn¥n®p. F∂m¬ Bcpw Xs∂ AhnsS
CXn\mbn Hcpßnbn´n√msb∂p s]s´∂v
F√mh¿°pw t_m[yambn. AhnsS k∂nln
X\mbncp∂ {^m≥knk-vI≥ s{]mhn≥jy¬
At¥mWntbmknt\mSv At±lØns‚ FXn¿∏v
hIhbv°msX ssZhw shfns∏SpØp∂X
\pkcn®p {]kwKn°m≥ At∏mƒ Bhiys∏´p.
At±lØns‚ Dd® i–hpw, ssZh hN\Øn
29
ep≈ AKm[ ]mfinXyhpw, t{imXm°sf
CcpØn Nn¥n∏n°p∂ emfnXytØmsSbp≈
Bib kwthZ\hpw F√mhcpsSbpw {]iwk
bv°v ImcWambn. Cßs\ Hcp kw`hw
\S∂n√mbncp∂psh¶n¬ Hcp]s£ At¥mWn
tbmkv F∂ henb {]kwKI≥ temIØn\v
ap≥]n¬ {]Xy£s∏Sn√mbncp∂p. am{Xa√
At¥mWntbmkns\ Hu\yXyØnte°v
Db¿Øp∂Xn\v ssZhw Hcp°nb hgnbmbncp∂p
Cu Ahkcw. bmsXmcp aps∂mcp°hpan√msX
C{]Imcw {]kwKn°m≥ Hcmƒ°v km[n°p
sa¶n¬ AXv Ct±lØnep≈ ssZhoI
{]h¿Ø\Øns‚ ASbmfa√msX as‰¥mWv!
Aßs\ kphntij{]kwKI\mb At¥mWn
tbmkv DZbw sNbvXp!
Cu kw`hØn\p tijw {^m≥knk-vI≥
s{]mhn≥jy¬ A[nImcn At¥mWntbmkns\
Xs‚ t{]mhn≥kns‚ HutZymKnI {]kwKI
\mbn \nban®p. GsdØmaknbmsX At¥mWn
tbmkns\°pdn®p≈ Cu hnhc߃ {^m≥
{^m≥knkn\p≠mbncp∂p. CØcpWØn¬
At¥mWntbmkn\pw Xs‚ ]pXnb {]h¿Ø\
coXnIsf°pdn®p Nne BIpeXIƒ D≠mbn.
anem\nepw a‰pw {]kwKn°m\mbn £Wn°
s∏SpIbpw F√mhcpw Xs‚ {]kwKßsf
hepXmbn {]iwkn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv
Zcn{Zmcq]nbnepw, Ffnabnepw hogv®°p≠m°pw
F∂ Nn¥ At±lØn\p≠mbn. XXv^eambn
Xs‚ kwib ZqcoIcWm¿∞w At±lw
{^m≥knkv A okn°v FgpXpIbpw, F√m
Imcyßfpw Ct∏mƒ sNøp∂Xpt]mse XpS¿∂p
sIm≈m\p≈ A\phmZhpw, t{]m’ml\hpw
AhnsS\n∂v e`n°pIbpw sNbvXp.
hn⁄m\Øns‚bpw hnip≤nbpsSbpw
\ndIpSambncp∂ At¥mWntbmkv Xm≥
{]kwKn°p∂ hm°pIƒ PohnXØn¬ A£cw
{]Xn ]men°m\mbn {i≤n®ncp∂p. Hcn°¬
{]kwKn°m\mbn t]mb At¥mWntbmkns\
A\p[mh\w sNbvX Hcp k\ymk ktlmZc≥
B{iaØn¬ XncnsIsbØnbt∏mƒ At±l
knkv A oknbpsS sNhnIfnepsaØn.
At¥mWntbmkns‚ C„a\pkcn®p, a‰p≈h¿
Bhiys∏Sp∂X\pkcn®p, GXv ÿeØpw
Ft∏mƒ thWsa¶nepw kphntijw {]kwKn
°p∂Xn\p≈ A\phmZw AtXmsS {^m≥knkv
A o nbn¬ \n∂pw At±lØn\v e`n®p.
am{Xa√, At¥mWntbmkns\ A°mesØ
henb ssZhimkv{X⁄∑mcpsS AcnIn¬
t]mbn ]Tn°p∂Xn\pw AXv kaqlØnse
sNdp∏°mcmb k\ymknIƒ°v ]d™p
sImSp°p∂Xn\pambn {^m≥knkv \ntbmKn®p.
{^m≥knkv A n nbpsS ̀ mKØp \n∂p≈ Hcp
Akm[mcW \S]Snbmbn CXv IcpXs∏´p.
ImcWw, Hcp]mSv ssZhimkv{X ]T\w Zmcn{Zy
PohnXtØmSpw, tkh\at\m`mhtØmSpw Hcp
k\ymkn°v AhaXn∏p≠m°pw F∂ Nn¥
tØmSv \ncmitbmsS ]d™p: “F¥psIm≠mWv Aßv C∂v H∂pw {]kwKn°mXncp∂Xv?” At¥mWntbmkns‚ adp]Sn C{]Imcambncp∂p: “\Ωƒ Zo¿Lambn {]kwKn®p ...\ΩpsS thjhpw, \ΩpsS s]cpam‰ hn[nIfpw,\ΩpsS {]m¿∞\mcoXnIfpw \b\ßfm¬Z¿in®h¿°v hm°pIƒsIms≠∂Xnt\°mƒhenb {]kwKambn AXv A\p`hs∏´p.”(CØcw {]h¿ØnIƒ sNbvXXmbn hn.{^m≥knkv A oknbpsS PohNcn{XØnepwtcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. At±lØnt‚Xmbn]dbs∏Sp∂ Hcp {]ikvX hmNIamWv:“F√mbvt∏mgpw kphntijw {]kwKn°pI...Bhiysa¶n¬ am{Xw hm°pIƒ D]tbmKn°pI”).
At¥mWntbmkns‚ ssZhhN\ hniI
e\ coXn shfnhm°p∂ Hcp DZmlcWw ]dbmw.
30
1226˛¬ F√m Bflm°ƒ°pw th≠n {]m¿∞n
°p∂ \hw_¿ 2˛\v \SØnb {]kwKØn¬ Hcp
k¶o¿Ø\`mKw hniZoIcn®Xv AhnsS
k∂nlnX\mbncp∂ Hcp _\UnŒn≥ k\ymkn
Ipdn® v h®n´p≠v. AXn{]ImcamWv: “ . . .
cm{Xnbn¬ hnem]ap≠mtb°mw; F∂m¬
{]`mXtØmsS kt¥mjØns‚ hchmbn”(k¶o. 30:5). “aq∂v XcØnep≈ k‘ybpw,
aq∂v XcØnep≈ {]`mXhpw ...aq∂v XcØn
ep≈ hnem]hpw, aq∂v XcØnep≈ B\μhpw
...H∂masØ k‘y ]dpZokbn¬ BZnamXm
]nXm°ƒ ]m]Øn¬ \n]Xn°p∂XmWv;
c≠masØ timI k‘y \ΩpsS c£Is‚
kl\Ønt‚Xpw acWØnt‚XpamWv; aq∂ma
tØXv \ΩpsS Xs∂ acWØns‚ k‘ybmWv.
C\nbpw aq∂v {]`mX߃ ...H∂matØXv
aninlmbpsS P\\Øns‚ {]`mXw, c≠ma
tØXv c£Is‚ Dbn¿∏ns‚ {]`mXw,
aq∂matØXv \ΩpsSXs∂ hcm\ncn°p∂
D∞m\Øns‚ {]`mXw”. Akm[mcWamb
ssZhoI shfn]mSpIfpsS Hcp tiJcambncp∂p
At¥mWntbmkns‚ {]kwK߃ F∂v
a\ nem°p∂Xn\v Cu sNdnb hnhcWw
aXnbmhpw.
ImWmsX t]mb hkvXp°ƒ I≠p
In´p∂Xn\v th≠n hn.At¥mWntbmkns‚
a[yÿX At]£n®p hnizmknIƒ {]m¿∞n
°p∂Xn\p ]n∂n¬ At¥mWntbmkns‚
PohnXØn¬ \S∂ Hcp kw`hamWv ASn
ÿm\w. C‰enbnse s_mtfm™bnse
B{iaØn¬ Xmakn°pI Imebfhn¬
At¥mWntbmkn\v hfsc {]nbs∏´, {]kwK
Ipdn∏nIƒ FgpXn h®ncp∂, k¶o¿Ø\
]pkvXIw ImWmXmhp∂p. CXv B{iaw
Dt]£n®p t]mIm≥ Xocpam\saSpØ Hcp
hnZym¿∞n tam„n®psIm≠p t]mbXmbncp∂p.
A®Sn hnZy I≠p ]nSn®n´n√mØ B Ime
L´Øn¬ GXp ]pkvXIhpw hne]nSn∏p≈
Xmbncp∂p. Zmcn{Zy hrXsaSpØn´p≈ Hcp
k\ymknsb kw_‘n®v ]Icw hbv°m\m
hmØ Aaqey kºmZyambncp∂p CXv .
At¥mWntbmkv ]pkvXIw I≠p In´p∂Xn
\mbn Xo£vWambn {]m¿∞n°pIbpw XXv^e
ambn Cu hnZym¿∞n AXpambn XncnsIsbØp
Ibpw, a\kvXm]s∏´p ho≠pw B{iaØn¬
tNcp∂Xn\v B{Klw {]ISn∏n°pIbpw
sNbvXp. Cu ]pkvXIw C∂pw s_mtfm™
bnse {^m≥knk-vI≥ B{iaØn¬ kq£n
®n´ps≠∂v ]dbs∏Sp∂p.
At¥mWntbmkns‚ PohnXhpambn
_‘s∏´v [mcmfw sFXolßfpw \nehnep≠v.
AXn¬ cs≠Æw am{Xw ChnsS Ipdn°p∂p.
A{Unbm‰nIv kap{ZXocØp≈ dnan\n F∂
ÿeØp≈ \ncoizchmZnIƒ At¥mWntbm
knt\mSv Ah⁄tbmsS s]cpamdnbt∏mƒ
At±lw IS¬ØocØpt]mbn GI\mbn \n∂p
{]kwKn®p. Cu AhkcØn¬ At±lØns‚
ap≥]n¬ a’y°q´w {]Xy£s∏SpIbpw
At¥mWntbmkv a’yßtfmSv {]kwKn°p
Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv I≠ {]tZihmknIƒ
am\km¥cs∏SpIbpw ssZhØnte°v Xncn
bpIbpw sNbvXpsh∂XmWv IY. c≠matØXv,
{^m≥knse Spfqkv F∂ ÿeØp {]kwK
Øn\mbn sN∂t∏mƒ AhnsSbp≈ Ahnizm
knIƒ hnip≤ Ip¿_m\bnep≈ {InkvXp
km∂n[yw sXfnbn°p∂Xn\mbn At¥mWn
tbmkns\ sh√phnfn®p. At¥mWntbmkns\
Ifnbm°nb Hcmƒ ]´nWn°n´ Hcp IgpXsb
hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ Fgp∂≈n®p sIm≠pt]mb
t∏mƒ AhnsS sIm≠v hcnIbpw B kabØv
AXn\v Xo‰ sImSp°pIbpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬
IgpX Xo‰ Dt]£n®p ap´pIpØn \n∂psh∂pw
AXv At\IcpsS hnizmksØ ZrUs∏SpØn
F∂pamWv ]dbs∏Sp∂Xv.
Xs‚ B{ia tPmenIƒ IqSmsX Nnet∏m
sgms° tam≠s]√nbdnsebpw, {^m≥knse
Spfqknsebpw bqWnthgvkn‰nIfn¬ A[ym]\
Øn\mbpw At¥mWntbmkv kabw Is≠Øn
bncp∂p. F∂m¬ kphntij {]kwKambncp∂p
At±lØns‚ G‰w henb ssZhoI Zm\ambn
IcpXs∏´ncp∂Xv . 1226˛¬ {^m≥knse
B¿sekn¬ h®v \S∂ kaqlØns‚ P\d¬
Nm]v‰dn\p tijw At¥mWntbmkns\
C‰enbpsS hS°≥ t{]mhn≥kns‚ NpaXe
°mc\mbn \nban®p. Aßs\ ]mZph \Kcw
Xs‚ {]h¿Ø\ tI{μambn At±lw Xncs™
SpØp. Hcn°¬ B¿°pw th≠mØh\mbncp∂p
At¥mWntbmsk¶n¬ C∂v F√mhcpw
At\zjn°p∂h\pw, F√mh¿°pw Bhiyap≈
h\pambn At±lw amdn. 1228˛¬ At¥mWn
tbmkns‚ ap∏Ønaq∂mw hb n¬ tdmw
kμ¿in®t∏mƒ {KnKdn H≥]Xmw am¿∏m∏
AhnsS {]kwKn°p∂Xn\mbn At±ltØmSv
Bhiys∏´p. hfsc hyXykvXamb Cu
{]kwKtijw am¿∏m∏ At±lsØ “hnip≤
{KŸØns‚ t]SIw” F∂mWv hntijn∏n®Xv.
31
“s]¥sImkvXn tdman¬ Bh¿Øn°s∏´p”F∂mbncp∂p t]∏¬ tIm¿´nse A∂sØ
tIƒhn°mcpsS {]XnIcWw.
At¥mWntbmkns‚ Ahkm\ Imeß
fnse {]kwK߃ tIƒ°m≥ ap∏Xn\mbnc
Øne[nIw BfpIƒ Hcpan®p IqSnbncp∂p.
tZhmebßfn¬ Ahsc Dƒs°m≈m≥
km[n°mXncp∂XpsIm≠v ]et∏mgpw Xpd∂
ÿeßfnembncp∂p AØcw ktΩf\߃
\S∂ncp∂Xv. henb tcmK߃ Ae´nbncp∂
At¥mWntbmkv 1231 Pq¨ 13˛\v C‰enbnse
Itºmkmw]nsbtdm F∂ ÿeØp \n∂pw
]mZphmbnte°v hcp∂ hgn°ph®p Xs‚
ap∏Ø©mw hb n¬ kz¿§hmkØn\mbn
t]mbn. km¥ acnb amØ¿ sUman\n F∂
]≈nbn¬ AS°w sNbvXp. ]mZphmbnse
]≈naWnIsf√mw At¥mWntbmkns‚ acW
kabØp X\nsb \mZw apg°nsb∂ ]mc-
ºcyhpw \nehnep≠v. ap∏Xph¿jØn\v tijw
At¥mWntbmkns‚ `uXoI icocw _knen
°bnte°v am‰p∂ kabØv At\I¿°v hN\w
]I¿∂psImSpØ At±lØns‚ \mhv Po¿ÆX
{]m]n°msXbncp∂p. C∂pw B \mhv {]tXy
Iambn Hcp t]SIØn\p≈n¬ kphntij
{]tLmjI¿°v amXrIbpw {]tNmZ\hptaIp
∂Xn\mbn ]mZphmbnse At¥mWntbmkns‚
_knen°bn¬ {]Z¿in∏n®ncn°p∂p.
A¥cn®p Hcp h¿jw ]q¿ØnbmIpwapºv
\maIcWw sNøs∏´ hnip≤\mWv ]mZphm
bnse hnip≤ At¥mWntbmkv--. At¥mWn
tbmkns‚ a[yÿXbn¬ Hcp]mSp A¤p߃
\S°pIbpw At±lØns‚ I_dnSw henb
Xo¿∞mS\ ÿeambn s]s´∂v Xs∂ amdp
Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns‚ AwKoImcw IqSnbm
bncp∂p C{X s]s´∂v {KnKdn HºXma≥
am¿]m∏sb At¥mWntbmkns\ hnip≤
]Zhnbnte°pb¿Øp∂Øn\p t{]cn∏n®
LSIw. At±lØns‚ henb ssZhimkv{X
kw`mh\Ifpw {]t_m[\ßfpsS Bghpw
IW°nseSpØv, ]obqkv ]{¥≠ma≥ am¿]m∏
At¥mWntbmkns\ k`bnse thZ]mcwK
X\mbn 1946 P\phcn 16˛\v {]Jym]n®p.
C∂v At¥mWntbmkns\ AS°w sNbvXn
cn°p∂ _knen° k`bpsS HutZymKnI F´p
A¥¿tZiob Xo¿∞mS\ tI{μßfnsem∂mWv.
]Xnaq∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ Xs∂ AhnsS hensbmcp
tZhmebw \n¿Ωn®ncp∂p. ]n∂oSv ]Xn\mepw,
]Xn\©pw \q‰m≠pIfn¬ AhnsS hcp∂
Xo¿∞mSIcpsS _mlpeyw ImcWw AXv
]pXp°n∏WnbpIbpw sNbvXp. At¥mWntbm
kns‚ s\mth\ {]m¿∞\Ifpw, a‰p `‡m
`ymkßfpw C∂v [mcmfambn D]tbmKn°
s∏Sp∂p≠v. IqSmsX At±lw acn°p∂Xn\v
ap≥]mbn Itºmkmw]nsbtdm F∂ ÿeØp
\n∂pw ]mZphmbnte°v \S∂Xns\ A\pkvacn®p
B Ccp]©p Intemaos‰¿ Zqcw \S°p∂
At\Iw hnizmknIƒ D≠v. CXn\v “At¥mWn
tbmkns‚ \SØw” “Ahkm\ \SØw” F∂
t]cpIfnsems°bmWv Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. CXv
IqSmsX C‰enbpsS hnhn[ `mKßfn¬ \n∂pw
hnip≤s‚ I_dnSØnte°v ]Zbm{X \SØn
{]m¿∞n°m\msbØp∂ At\Iw Xo¿∞mS
Icpw D≠v. ssZhhgnbneqsS emfnXytØmsS
\S°m≥ {ian®p henb A¤pX߃
{]h¿Øn® At¥mWntbmkv tbiphns\
a‰p≈h¿°v Xs‚ hm°neqsSbpw {]hrØnbneq
sSbpw ]I¿∂v sImSpØXv \sΩ F√mbvt∏mgpw
{]tNmZn∏nt°≠XmWv.
32
Cu tIm¨{Kkns\sX¥p]‰n? AXp
tNmZn°mØ Bcpw C√ C¥ybn¬. G‰hpw
HSphn¬ _nlmdnepw ]cmPbw cpNn®p
tIm¨{Kkv. F∂n´pw ]cnlmcw ImWm\mhmsX
IpgßpIbmWv tIm¨{Kkv. I¿WmSIØnepw
a[y{]tZinepw _nsP]n G‰hpw s\dnsI´
cm{„obw Ifn®v P\hn[nsb A´nadn®p F∂p
tIm¨{Kkv Btcm]n°ptºmgpw B Imcyß
sfm∂pw P\sØ t_m[ys∏SpØm≥ IgnbmØ
AhÿbnemtWm tIm¨{Kkv.
tIm¨{Kkv cm{„obw kq£vaambn \nco
£n°p∂ B¿°pw a\ nemIp∂ Hcp
Imcyap≠v. 1970 Ifnse am\knImhÿbnemWv
C∂pw tIm¨{Kkv t\XrXzw. {]W_v apJ¿Pn
sbt∏msesbmcp X{¥imensb {][m\a{¥n
bm°m≥ `bs∏´v a≥taml≥ knMns\
{][m\a{¥nbm°nbXmWv 2004 ¬ ImWn®
a≠Øcw. a≥taml≥ knMv anSp°\mbncp∂p.
F∂m¬ cm{„ob X{¥imenbmbncp∂n√.
{]W_v {][m\a{¥nbpw a≥taml≥ knMv [\
a{¥nbpw Bbncps∂¶n¬ C∂v A\p`hn°p∂
XI¿®bnte°v tIm¨{Kkv t]mIn√mbncp∂p.
c≠mw bp]nF k¿°mcns‚ ImeØv cmlp¬
Km‘n IqSn a{¥nk`bnseØnbncps∂¶n¬
Imcy߃ Cßs\ ssIhn´pt]mIn√mbncp∂p.
Cμncm Km‘nbpsS ImeØv apJya{¥nsb
sbms° U¬lnbn¬ \n∂p \nban°m
ambncp∂p. hnaX kzcw Db¿Øp∂hsc cm{„ob
h\hmkØn\v Abbv°mambncp∂p. ImcWw
A{X i‡ambncp∂p tIm¨{Kkv. F∂m¬ B
Imew t]msb∂p a\ nem°m≥ t\XrXzØn\p
IgnbmsX t]mIp∂p.
As√¶n¬ t\XrXzØn\v IsØgpXnsb∂
t]cn¬ anI® t\Xm°sf aqebv°ncpØm≥
B\pImenIw
tIm¨{Kkn\pthWw
ImbI¬]NnIn’
t_m_n G{_lmw
t\m°pambncpt∂m?. B IsØgpXnbhcn¬
iin Xcqcpap≠mbncp∂p Ft∂m¿°pI. C∂p
tIm¨{Kkn\v AJnte¥ym XeØn¬ Db¿Øn
°m´mhp∂ t\XmhmWv At±lw. cmPysaºmSpw
bphXzsØ BI¿jn°m≥ Ignhp≈ t\Xmhv.
At±lØns\m∏w k®n≥ ss]e‰ns\°qSn
AJnte¥ym t\XrXzØn¬ sIm≠phcpIbpw
{]nb¶tbm cmlptem {]knU‚ v ÿm\w
Gs‰Sp°pIbpw sNbvXncps∂¶n¬ tIm¨
{Kkn\v ]pXnsbmcp apJw e`n°pambncp∂p. C\n
Ah¿°p {]knU‚ v ÿm\w hsø¶n¬
t\XrXzØn¬ \n∂m¬ aXn. apIfn¬ ]d™
h¿s°m∏w cmPyØv C∂v Db¿∂phcp∂
]pXpXeapd ZfnXv t\Xm°ƒ°pIqSn CSw
sImSpØm¬ tIm¨{Kkn\v P\ßfpsS CSbn¬
AwKoImcw D≠mIpw.
tIm¨{Kkns\ ]≠papXte Nne¿ arZp
lnμpXz ]m¿´nsb∂p hna¿in°p∂p≠v. AXp
tI´v t]Sn® DS≥ s\‰nbnse s]m´v ambv®p
If™n´p Imcyan√. Hcp cmPysØ bmYm¿
Yy߃ a\ nem°nthWw Hcp cm{„ob I£n
AXns‚ \ne]mSpIƒ kzoIcn°m≥. F√m
aXhn`mKßsfbpw AwKoIcn°p∂ ]m¿´nbmWv
tIm¨{Kkv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ lnμphnIm
csØ am\n°p∂Xp sIm≠v A]ISsam∂pw
hcm\n√. lnμp P\hn`mK߃°v tIm¨{K
kns‚ \bkao]\ßfn¬ Fs¥¶nepw ]cmXn
bps≠¶n¬ AXp XncptØ≠ kabamWnXv.
Xcqcns\t∏msebpw k®ns\t∏msebpw D≈
t\Xm°ƒ°v AXn\mhpw. lnμp F∂p
]dbptºmƒ ZfnXv P\hn`mKßsfbpw H∏w
]cnKWn°m≥ tIm¨{Kknt\ Ignbq. ]≠v
PKPoh≥ dmans\t∏msebp≈ t\Xm°ƒ ZfnXv
P\hn`mßsf tIm¨{Kknt\msSm∏w \n¿Øn.
33
Ct∏mƒ Aßs\sbmcp t\Xmhpt≠m F∂p
tNmZn®m¬ D≠n√ Ft∂ adp]Sn ]dbm\mhq.
N{μtiJ¿ BkmZns\s∏msetbm PnKv--t\jv
tahm\nsbt∏msetbm Hcp t\Xmhv tIm¨{Kkv
t\Xr\ncbn¬ h∂m¬ F¥p hyXykvXamhpw
Imcy߃. cmPysØ kv{XoIfpsS i–w
Db¿Øm≥ Ignbp∂ h\nXIƒ, `n∂enwK
°mcpsS {]iv --\߃ ]dbm\pw ]cnlmc
\n¿tZiw \¬Im\pw Ignhp≈h¿ Aßs\
hyXykvXamb apJ߃ tIm¨{Kkv t\Xr
\ncbn¬ hcs´. At∏mƒ P\Øn\pw tXm∂pw
tIm¨{Kkv i‡amsW∂v.
\nehn¬ tIm¨{Kkn\v Hcp apgph≥ kab
{]knU‚ v t]mepans√∂p ]dbmw. Aßs\ Hcp
]m¿´nsb k¿°m¿ ]cnKWn°pI t]mepw C√.
ASnb¥cmhÿsb XpS¿∂p \S∂ Xncs™
Sp∏n¬ Cμncm Km‘n ]cmPbs∏´p. samdm¿Pn
tZimbnbpsS t\XrXzØnep≈ P\Xm k¿°m¿
Cμncm Km‘nsb A[nImc Zp¿hn\ntbmK°p‰w
NpaØn AdÃv sNbvXp. F∂m¬ P\w
FXncmIpsa∂p I≠dn™ `cWIqSw Cμncsb
s]s´∂pXs∂ tamNn∏n®p. ImcWw Cμnc
IcpØbmsW∂v Ah¿°dnbmambncp∂p.
Ahsc Pbnenen´m¬ P\w CfInhcpsa∂v
Ah¿°p a\ nembn. B IcpØv `cW
IqSsØ t_m[ys∏SpØp∂XnemWv Hcp
P\m[n]Xy `cWØn¬ {]Xn]£Øns‚
IpcØv. t\XrXzw Zp¿_esa¶n¬ AWnIƒ
i‡s\tØSn t]mIpw. AsXmcp {]IrXn\nb
aamWv. tIm¨{Kkv hn´pt]mb an°hcpw
BZ¿iØns‚sbm∂pw ASnÿm\Øn¬
t]mbhc√. t\XrXzw Zp¿_eamsW∂pw
t\XrXzØn\p Xßsf kwc£n°m≥ Ignhn
s√∂pw a\ nem°n hn´pt]mbhcmWv.
As√¶n¬ \ymbamb Hcp IØv I≠p
t]Sn®pt]mIp∂hsc Bcp hIhbv°pw.?
IsØgpXnbhcmcpw tIm¨{Kkns\
]n∂n¬ \n∂p IpØnbhc√. tIm¨{Kkns‚
i‡nbnepw Xf¿®bnepw H∏w \n∂hcmWv.
F∂m¬ henb ]cnKW\ In´pIbpw Hchkcw
h∂t∏mƒ ]n∂n¬ \n∂p IpØn ]m¿´nhn´hcpw
D≠v. tPymXncmZnXy kn‘ysbt∏mep≈h¿.
Ah¿ t]mIs´ F∂p hbv°mw. ]t£
tIm¨{Kkns‚ i‡nbmb ASnÿm\Xe
Ønep≈ {]h¿ØI¿ t]mepw \ncmicmsW∂
ImcyamWv tIm¨{Kkv KuchØnseSpt° Xv.
i‡amb ASnØdbp≠mbncp∂ bp]nbnepw
_nlmdnepw tIm¨{Kkv Zb\ob Ahÿ
bnemWv. ImcWw t\XrXzan√. bp]bn¬ C∂pw
tIm¨{Kkn\v km[yXbp≠v. _nlmdnep≠v.
]t£ t\XrXzaps≠∂ tXm∂¬ AWnIƒ°p
≠mhWw.
tIm¨{Kkv i‡amb Xncn®phchv
\SØnb a[y{]tZipw I¿WmSIhpw _nsP]n
sIm≠pt]mbXv F¥psIm≠msW∂v Bfl]cn
tim[\ \SØm≥
t]mepw t\XrXzØn\p
Ign™n√. ImemIme
ßfn¬ `mKymt\zjn
Ifmbn tIm¨{Kkn¬
FØp∂h¿ AXnepw
henb `mKyw h∂m¬
]pXnb XpcpØv At\z
jn®pt]mIpw F∂dn
bm≥ ]mgq¿ ]Sn∏pc
hsc t]mIWsa∂n√.
F∂m¬ ASnÿm\
XeØn¬ F{Xtbm
tIm {̈Kkv {]h¿ØI¿
D≠v. Ah¿ tIm¨
{Kknepw aX\nct]£ ]m¿´nIfnepw \n¬°p
∂Xv Fs¥¶nepw {]Xo£n®√. Ahscms°
Aßs\ \n¬Ip∂Xv Nne t_m[yßfpsS
ASnkYm\ØnemWv. F∂m¬ AhcpsS
{]Xo£bv --s°mØv Dbcp∂pt≠m F∂v
tIm¨{Kkv hnebncptØ≠Xv t\XrXzamWv.
F∂m¬ Aßs\ Hcp Bfl]cntim[\
t\XrXeØn¬ \S°p∂pt≠m F∂p
tNmZn®m¬ C√ F∂pXs∂bmWv DØcw.
Hcp P\m[n]Xy hyhÿnXnbn¬ {]Xn
]£Øns‚ ZuXyw hfsc {][m\s∏´
XmWv. i‡amb {]Xn]£w Cs√¶n¬ `cWm
[nImcnIƒ A[nImc {]aØX ImWn°pw. AXv
tIm¨{Kkv i‡ambncp∂ ImeØpw \S∂n
´p≠v. Ct∏mƒ _nsP]n i‡ambt∏mgpw
\S°p∂p≠v. Fs¥ms° Ipdhps≠¶nepw
tIm¨{Kkn\v Hcp KpWap≠v. C¥ybnse `n∂
kaqlßsf Hcp NcSn¬ tIm¿Øp sIm≠p
34
t]mIm≥ tIm¨{Kkn\p Ign™n´p≠v.
\msfbpw AXn\p Ignbp∂Xv tIm¨{Kkn\p
am{XamWv. C¥ybnsehnsS sN∂mepw
ASnÿm\XeØn¬ tIm¨{Kkv {]h¿ØI\m
sW∂p ]d™v Hcmsfsb¶nepw ImWm≥
Ignbpw. ImcWw tIm¨{Kkv C¥ybpsS
kzmX{¥y kac {]ÿm\Øns‚ `mKambn
Øs∂ hf¿∂ph∂XmWv. F∂m¬ CØcw
Imcyßsfms° a\knemImØXv tIm¨{Kkv
t\XrXzØn\p am{XamWv.
AXpsIm≠mWv Bfl]cntim[\bv°p≈
AhkcsØsbms° t\XrXzØns\Xncmb
\o°w am{Xambn sNdpXm°n°mWp∂Xv.
AXpsIm≠p kw`hn°p∂sX¥msW∂p
h®m¬ AWnIƒ°v t\XrXzØn¬ hnizmkw
\„amIp∂p. Ah¿ hn´pt]mIm≥ XpSßp∂p.
As√¶n¬ \ni–cmIp∂p. Hcp ImeØv
tIm¨{Kkns‚ tIm´bmbncp∂p Z£ntW¥y.
F∂m¬ C∂v Z£ntW¥ybn¬ tIm¨{Kkn\v
A[nImcap≈Xv ]pXpt®cnbn¬ am{XamWv.
Xangv--\m´n¬ tIm¨{Kkn\v A[nImcan√mXmbn v́
F{Xtbm Imeambn. F∂n´pw AhnsS ASnÿm
\XeØn¬ tIm¨{Kkn\v Ct∏mgpw {]h¿Ø
Icp≠v. A[nImcan√mXmbXn\p tijw P\n®
Xeapdbn¬s]´h¿ t]mepw tIm¨{Kkn
ep≠v. AXns‚ A¿Yw tIm¨{Kkn¬
{]Xo£bp≈h¿ Ct∏mgpw Ds≠∂pXs∂
bmWv. ]t£ AXp t\XrXzw a\knem°p∂n
söp am{Xw.
tIcfØnse ÿnXn t\m°pI. tIm¨{Kkv
ChnsS {][m\ cm{„ob I£nbmWv. ]t£
]et∏mgpw ASnÿm\XeØnep≈ {]h¿ØI¿
AhKWn°s∏SpIbpw t\Xm°fpsS s]´nNpa´p
Im¿ am{Xw ÿm\am\߃ t\SpIbpw sNøp∂p.
AtXmsS Bflm¿YXbp≈ {]h¿ØI¿
\ni–cmIp∂p. As√¶n¬ Ahsc Bsc¶nepw
dm©ns°m≠p t]mIp∂p.
tIm¨{Kkn\v C∂pw kwLS\m
Xncs™Sp∏ns\ t]SnbmWv. Nne t\Xm°fpw
AhcpsS D]{Klßfpw am{Xambn ]m¿´n
Npcpßp∂p. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ASnÿm\
XeØnep≈ ]m¿´n{]h¿ØI¿°v ]m¿´nbn¬
Db¿∂phcm\p≈ km[yXbn√. Xncs™Sp∏n¬
ko‰v thWsa¶n¬ kapZmb kwLS\IfpsS kv-
-t]m¨k¿jn∏pw thWw. F∂m¬ ]ns∂
AsXm∂pw Bhiyan√mØnStØ°v t]mIm
sa∂v bphXzw Xocpam\n®m¬ B¿°v Ip‰w
]dbm≥ Ignbpw. CØhWsØ Xt±i
Xncs™Sp∏nepw Nn{Xw as‰m∂pa√.
tZisØbmsI DW¿Øm≥ ]‰p∂ Hcp
Imcy]cn]mSn Bhnjv --Icn°m≥ t]mepw
tIm¨{Kkn\p Ignbp∂n√. ]cmPbw hcp
tºmƒ ]XdpIb√ th≠Xv, Bfl]cntim
[\bmWv. temIv Uu¨ XpSßnb kabØv
AXnYnsØsmmgnemfnIƒ s]cphgnbnembn.
AhcpsS Zp:Jw I≠dnbm\pw AhtcmsSm∏w
\S°m\pw cmlp¬ Km‘n am{Xta D≠mbn
cp∂p≈p. F∂m¬ AhtcmsSm∏w At±lw_nlm¿ hsc \S∂ncps∂¶ntem? Nn{Xw
as‰m∂mIpambncp∂p. AXnYnsØmgnemfnIƒ°nSbn¬ amthmbnÃv B`napJyap≈kn]nsF (FwF¬) D≠m°nb kzm[o\w
ImWpI. AXv ASnÿm\XeØnse {]h¿Ø\w sIm≠pw AhtcmsSm∏w \n¬°pw F∂pt_m[yambXpsIm≠pamWv. F∂m¬ AØc
Øn¬ Hcp \b]cn]mSn Bhnjv --Icn°m≥tIm¨{Kkn\p Ignbp∂n√. cmPyØv [mcmfw{]iv--\ßfp≠v. XIcp∂ kmºØnImhÿ,
sXmgnen√mbva, ]´nWn, hnthN\w Aßs\henb {]iv--\߃ P\w A`napJoIcn°p∂p.Ahsbsbms° Nne s]mSnss°IIƒ
{]tbmKn®v AS°nhbv°pIbmWv `cWt\XrXzw sNøp∂Xv. AXp Xpd∂pIm´Wsa¶n¬ i‡cmb t\Xm°ƒ thWw, i‡cmb
{]Xn]£w thWw. cmPysØ {]Xn]£sØFßs\bmWv `n∂n∏n®pw Bhiyap≈t∏mƒtbmPn∏n®pw \n¿Øp∂sX∂v _nsP]nbn¬
\n∂p tIm¨{Kkv I p]Tn°Ww. AØcØn¬ka{K am‰w BWv tIm¨{Kkn\p th≠Xv.
tIm¨{Kkv C\nsb¶nepw ka{KambBfl]cntim[\bv°p XømdmhWw F∂pam{XamWv B ]m¿´nbn¬ C∂pw {]Xo£
\„s∏SmØh¿ ]dbp∂Xv. am{Xa√, HcpImeØv tIm¨{Kkns\ i{Xphmbn I≠ncp∂h¿ t]mepw B ]m¿´nsb {]Xo£tbmsS
ImWm≥ XpSßnbn´ps≠∂Xpw as‰mcpbmYm¿Yyw. AhcpsS {]Xo£bv--s°mØpbcm≥Ign™m¬ tIm¨{Kkn\p `mhnbp≠v.
As√¶n¬ ]m¿´n ayqknbØn¬ HXpßpw.
tasºmSn
A`n{]mb kzmX{¥yØns‚ h‡m°
fmbmWv AJnte¥ymXeØn¬ kn]nFw
Dƒs∏sSbp≈ IayqWnÃv ]m¿´nIƒ Adnb
s∏Sp∂Xv. F∂m¬ tIcfØn¬ kn]nFw
t\XrXzØnep≈ CSXp]£ k¿°mcn\v
A`n{]mb kzmX{¥ysØ t]SnbmWv. G‰hpw
HSphn¬ sIm≠ph∂ 118 F F∂ \nbat`ZKXn
am[yaßsf apgph≥ IgpØnsRcn®p sIm√m≥
Dt±in®pXs∂bmbncp∂p. tkmjy¬ aoUnbsb
\nb{¥n°ms\∂ t]cn¬ sIm≠ph∂ Cu
I≈\mWbsØ P\w Xncn®dn™p. am\ns‚
thjw [cn® amcoN\mWsX∂p Xncn®dn™
am[ya kaqlw Db¿Ønb {]Xntcm[w B¿°pw
AhKWn°m\mhmØXmbncp∂p. F∂m¬
\nbaw X¬°mew \S∏m°p∂ns√∂p am{X
amWv k¿°m¿ \ne]mSv. Kh¿W¿ H∏ph®
Hm¿Un\≥kv AXpt]mse \ne\n¬°pw
F∂XmWv kXyw. \nbak`bn¬ ]mkm°p
∂ns√¶n¬ Bdpamkw Ign™v kzm`hnI Ncaw
ASbpsa∂p am{Xw. `ojWn Hgn™p
t]mbn´ns√∂p Npcp°w.
35
]pXn-b-\n-ba {KŸ-ß-fnse Nne ]cm
a¿i-߃°v lmt\m°v kmln-Xy-tØmSv IS-∏m-
Sp-≠v. lmt\m-°ns‚ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂
IrXn-Iƒ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn AwKo-Imcw C√m-
Ø-h-bm-sW-¶nepw, ]pXn-b-\n-b-a- cN\m Im-e-
L-´-Ønse Fgp-Øp-Imsc kzm[o-\n-®n-´p-≠v.- hn.-
]-t{Xm-kns‚ teJ-\-ß-fnepw ]utem-kns‚
teJ-\-ß-fnepw bqZm-bpsS teJ-\-Ønepw
ImWp∂ kzm[o\w ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
]t{Xm-kns‚ teJ-\-߃:
1]-t{Xm.3,19: ""Bflm-thm-Sp-IqsS sN∂v
Ah≥ _‘-\-ÿ-cmb Bflm-°-tfmSv kphn-
tijw {]kw-Kn-®p.''
3,20. ""Ah-cm-I-s´,- t\m-lns‚ ImeØv
s]´Iw ]Wn-b-s∏-´-t∏mƒ,- £-am-]q¿hw ImØn-
cp∂ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-Ø-h-cm-bn-cp∂p.
B s]´-I-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ F´p-t]¿ am{Xta
Pe--Øn-eqsS c£ {]m]n-®p-≈p.'' (]n.-Hm.-kn.-ss_-
_nƒ).
Cu hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ A¬∏w ]ni-Ip-≠v.
Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-XmWv icn-bmb hnh¿Ø\w:
""Ah≥ Bflm-thm-Sp-IqsS sN∂v
_‘-\-ÿ-cmb ZpjvSm-cq-]n-I-tfmSv
Xn∑-bp-sS-ta¬ Xs‚ hnPbw hnfw-_cw
sNbvXp''.
]T\w
tNSnbØv Koh¿Kokv a¬∏m≥
_‘-\-ÿ-cmb Bflm-°ƒ ZpjvSm-cq-]n-I-
fm-Wv. ^ypemt° ]vs\hp-am-kn≥ F∂mWv
{Ko°v.- A-Xn-\¿Yw, _‘-\-ÿ-cmb Acq-]n-Iƒ
F∂m-Wv. Bflm-°ƒ F∂-√, Acq-]n-Iƒ
F∂p hnh¿Ø\w sNø-Ww. B Acq-]n-Iƒ
_‘-\-ÿ-cm-Wv.
3,20-˛¬ F´p-t]¿ F∂p ]d-bm≥ ]vs\hpam
F∂√ ]ns∂-tbm,- H-IvtXm- ]vkyp-°mbv ˛F´v
Bflm-°ƒ˛F∂mWv {Ko°n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. At∏mƒ c≠pw c≠m-bn-´mWv {KŸ-Im-c≥
Dt±-in -®-Xv. AXm-b-Xv, BZy-hm-N-I-Ønse
^yemt° ]vs\hp-am-kn≥ F∂Xpw c≠m-a-
sØ -hm -N -I -Ønse Ht‡m ]vkp°mbv
F∂Xpw H∂-√, -c≠p Xc-°m-sc-bmWv kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xv.
kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn®p (1-]-t{Xm.3,19):
am\- m-¥cw e£y-am-°n-bp≈ kphn-ti-j-{]-
tLm-j-W-Øn\v Fhm≥sK-entkm F∂
hm°mWv {Ko°v ss_-_n-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-
Xv.- F-∂m¬ ChnsS sIdqtkm F∂ hm°mWv
(F-sI-dq-sk≥) F∂mWv {]tbm-Kw.- hn-fw-_cw
sNøpI F∂ A¿Y-am-Wn-Xn-\v. ""-kp-hn-tijw
{]kw-Kn®p-'' -F∂ A¿Yw Fh≥sK-en-tkmbv°v
D≈-Xp-t]mse sIdq-tkmbv°v C√.- A-Xm-b-Xv,-
kp-hn-ti-j-{]-tLm-j-W-tØmSv _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn
Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-s≠-¶n-epw,- F-hm-≥-sK-
36
entkm F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ e£ym¿Yw CXn-\n-√. -
{InkvXp Xn∑-bp-sS- ta¬ Xs‚ hnPbw hnfw-
_cw sNbvXp F∂mWv Chn-SpsØ A¿Yw.
""Bflm-thm-Sp IqsS sN∂p'' (1-]-t{Xm.3,19):
tbip-hns‚ ac-Whpw D∞m-\hpw 3,18-˛mw
hmIyw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p:"" -i-co-c-Øn¬ acn®v
Bflm-hn¬ Poh≥ {]m]n-®p-sIm≠v-''. tb-ip-
hns‚ ac-W-Øn¬, i-co-c-Øn¬\n∂v a\p-jym-
flmhv th¿s]-´p. B Bflm-hns\ ]‰n-b√
ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. acn®v D∞m\w sNbvXv
Pohm-flm-hmbn Xo¿∂ tbip--hns\ ]‰n-bmWv
kqN-\.- \-sΩ- ssZ-h-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ FØn-°m≥
tbip acn®v D∞m\w sNbvXp.
1-]-t{Xm.3,22: ""-tb-ip-{In-kvXp-hm-Is´ kz¿K-
Øn-te°v {]th-in®p-''.- s]msd-hpthm F∂mWv
{Ko°p-]Zw: t]mIp-I,- sN-√p-I, -I-S-°p-I, -{]-th-
in-°pI Fs∂m-s°-bmWv A¿Yw.s]m-sd-hp-
sYbvk v F∂-Xn\v Cd-ßn,- I-bdn XpS-ßnb
A¿Y-a-√ D≈-Xv. Ahn-Sp∂v F√m-‰n-s\bpw Xs‚
D∞m-\-Øn-eq-sS- Io-gvs∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-s\-∏‰n ]d-bp-
∂p: ""ZqX-∑mcpw A[n-Im-c-ßfpw i‡n-Ifpw
Ahn-Sp-tØ°v Iogvs∏-´n-cn-°p∂p (3,22).
1]-t{Xm.3,20: B ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Iƒ ssZhsØ
A\p-k-cn-°m-Ø-h¿ Bbn-cp-∂p.
3,20-˛pw 3,21-˛pw amtam -Zokm hgn-bp≈ c£-
sb-∏-‰n-bmWv {]Xn-]m-Zn--°p-∂-Xv. 3,20-̨ pw 21-̨ pw thdn-
´p- \n¬°p-∂-Xp -Im-Wmw.
D∞m-\-Øn-eqsS Pohm-flm-hmbn AYhm
tPXm-hmbn Xo¿∂ tbip _‘n-X-cmb ZpjvSm-
cq-]n-I-tfmSv Xn∑-bp-sS -ta-ep≈ Xs‚ hnPbw
hnfw-_cw sNbvXp. tbip Xs‚- a-\p-jym-flm-thm-
sSm∏w acn®v, ]m-Xm-f-Øn¬ _‘n-X-cmb Bflm-
°-fpsS ]°-te°v XmWn-d-ßn-s®∂v Ah-tcm-Sv
kp-hn-tijw {]kw-Kn--s®t∂m Ahsc am\- m-¥-
c-s∏-Sp-Øn-sbt∂m 1]-t{Xm.3,19-˛\v A¿Y-an-√.
1]-t{Xm.4,6:""ico-c-Øn¬ a\p-jy-sc-t∏mse
hn[n-°-s∏--s´-¶nepw Bflm-hn¬ ssZh-sØ-
t∏mse Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-\p -th-≠n-bmWv acn-®-h-tcm-
Sp -t]mepw kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn--°-s∏-´-Xv.''- aq-e-
Øn¬ t]mepw C√. ChnsS- ]-d-bp∂ acn-®-h¿,
a-X-]o-U-\-Ønse c‡-km-£n-I-fm-Wv.- a-X-]o-U-
\-Øn¬ Poh≥ \jvS-am-b-h¿°v F¥p- kw-`-
hn°pw F∂-Xns‚ DØ-c-amWv Cu hmIyw.- A-
h¿ ssZh-tØm-sSmØv Pohn-°p-∂p. ""kphn-
tijw {]kw-Kn-°-s∏-´Xv'' F∂m-Wv, A√msX
`mhn-bn¬ {]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xns\ ]‰n-b-√.- A-h¿
{InkvXp-hn-s\-t∏mse al-Xz-Øn¬ {]thin°pw
F∂p kmcw.
hn.- ]-t{Xm-kns‚ H∂mw teJ\w ]oU-b-\p-̀ -
hn-°p∂ {InkvXym-\n-I-sf- t{]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v
Fgp-Xn-bn--́ p-≈-Xm-Wv (1-]-t{Xm.2,12-̨ 15; 4,3-̨ 4.14-̨ 15).-
I¿Øm-hns‚ D∞m\w {]Xymi ]I-cp-∂p.- A-
Xp-sIm≠v aX-]o-U-\-Øn¬ ZrV-Nn-Ø-cm-bn-cn-
°m≥ Blzm\w sNøp-∂p. - F-∂m¬ Xn∑
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿ in£n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v teJ\w
Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p. Cu teJ-\-Ønse Bi-b-߃
]-t{Xm-kns‚ c≠mw teJ-\-Ønepw bqZm-bpsS
teJ-\-Ønepw ImWmw.
bqZm-bpsS teJ\w:
bqZm 6˛7:""kz¥w \ne-a-d∂v Xß-fp-tS-Xmb
hmkÿm\w Dt]-£n-®p-I-f™ ZqX-∑m-sc,- a-
lm-Zn-\-Ønse hn[n-hsc AhnsS A‘-Im-c-
Øn¬ \nXy-_-‘-\-Øn¬ kq£n-®n -cn --°p -
∂p.''_‘-\-ÿ-cmb ZpjvSm-cq-]n-I-fmWv kqNn-
Xw. -am-\- m-¥-c-s∏-Sm-sX -sX-‰n¬ Xs∂ XpS-cp-
∂-h¿°v ITn-\-in£ e`n-°p-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n-°m≥
th-≠n-bmWv in£-tb‰ ZqX-∑m-cp-sSbpw tkmtZmw
tKmtamdm \K-c-ß-fp-sSbpw DZm-l-c-W-߃
FSpØp Im´n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.
]utem-kns‚ teJ-\-߃:
Ft^. 4,8 -˛10:""Ah≥ D∂-X-Øn-te°v
Btcm-lWw sNbvX-t∏mƒ AkwJyw XS-hp-
Imsc IqsS-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn.- a-\p-jy¿°v Ah≥
Zm\-߃ \¬In. -A-h≥ Btcm-lWw sNbvXp
F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw F¥mWv? Ah≥ `qan-bpsS
At[m-̀ m-K-ß-fn-te°v Cd-ßn-sb-∂p- Iq-sS-bt√?
Cd-ßn-b-h≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv,- F√m hkvXp-°-sfbpw
]qcn-X-am-°m≥ th-≠n- F√m kz¿K-߃°pw D]-
cn- B-tcm-lWw sNbvX-h\pw.''
IsØ-sXcm tatc tKkv F∂m¬ `qan-
bpsS Xmgv∂ `mKw. tbip-hns‚ hnP-bhpw k`-
bnse Ahs‚ hmgvNbpw ̀ qkz¿K-ßsf apgp-h≥
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.- tb-ip-hns‚ B[n-]-Xy-Øn≥
Io-gn¬ C√mØ Hcn-S-hp-an√ F∂¿Yw. ChnsS
kphn-tij {]tLm-j-W-a√ N¿®m-hn-j-bw. -D-∞n-
\mb {InkvXp Xs‚ k`sb ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm≥
hnhn-[-Xcw hc-߃ h¿jn-°p∂p (4,11). CXn-eqsS
Ahn-SpsØ km¿h-{Xn-IX hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
""AkwJyw XS -hp -Imsc'' F∂Xv
k¶o¿Ø\w 68,18-˛¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wv. -
i-{Xp-°-fp-sS- ta¬ hnPbw hcn-®p-sIm-≠p≈,
ssZh-Øns‚ ssP{X-bm-{X-bmWv {]Xn-]m-Zyw.
Cu k¶o¿Ø-\--Øn¬ Hcp ]pcm-X-\- ]-Xnhv Ah-
X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. bp≤w Pbn--®p-h-cp∂ cmPm-°-
∑m¿ XS-hp-Im-cmb i{Xp-°sf {]Z¿in-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
CXv {]Xo-I-ambn Cu k¶o¿-Ø-\-Øn¬ {]tbm-
Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jysc ASn-a-bm-°p∂ i‡n-
I-fpsS taep≈ {InkvXp-hns‚ hnPbw Nn{Xo-I-
cn-°m≥ hn.-]u-temkv «olm Cu k¶o¿Ø-\-
`mKw D≤-cn-°p-∂p. i{Xp-°sf ImWm≥ hgn-tbm-
c-Øp- \n¬°p∂ P\-Øn\v cmPm-°-∑m¿ kΩm-
\-߃ hmcn-hn-X-dpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. ""-a-\p-
jy¿°v Ah≥ Zm\-߃ \¬In'' F∂-Xv (4,8)
Cu ]›mØeØn¬ a-\- n-em-°-Ww.
37
Ft^.4,8˛10 t\mSv Xpey-amWv ^nen.2,5-˛11.
{InkvXp-hns‚ kzbw iq\y-h¬°-c-Whpw al-
Xzo-I-c-W-hp-amWv Chn-sSbpw {]Xn-]m-Zy-hn-j-bw.
{InkvXp kIe i{Xp-°-fp-sSbpw ta¬hn-Pbw
hcn-®-h-\m-Wv. Ahn-Sp∂v Xs‚ k`-bn¬ hc-Zm-\-
߃ h¿jn-®p- sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
Cu Bibw Xs∂ sImtfm.2,15 -˛epw
F{_m.7,26˛epw ImWmw: ""B[n-]-Xy-ß-tfbpw
A[n-Im-c-ß-tfbpw Ah≥ \n-cm-bp-[-cm-°n.- Ip-
cn-in¬ Ah-bp-sS-ta¬ hnPbw BtLm-jn-®p-sIm-
≠v, Ahsb ]c-ky-ambn Ah-tl-f-\m -]m-{X-ß-
fm°n'' (-sIm-tfm.5,25). ""Ah≥ kz¿K-Øn-\p-ta¬
Db¿Ø-s∏-´ -a -lm -]p -tcm -ln -X -\m -Wv ''
(-F-{_m.7,26).
lmt\m-°ns‚ t]cn-ep≈ {KŸ-ß-fpsS
kzm[o\w
ta¬∏-d-™- Xn-cp-en-Jn-X-`m-K-߃ Hcp -{]-
tXy-I- km-ln-Xy-ssi-en-bpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ hnc-
Nn-X-am-Wv. AtX-∏‰n Npcp-°-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°mw.
D¬]-Øn 5,18-̨ 24- ¬ ]-cm-a¿in-°p∂ lmt\m-
°ns‚ t]cn¬ c≠p {KŸ-߃ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.""-
ssZhw Ahs\ FSpØp''F∂v lmt\m-°n-s\-
∏‰n ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p (D¬].5,24). lmt\m-°ns‚
kz¿Kob bm{X-bn¬ Ah≥ Z¿in-®-h-bm-bn-´mWv
hnh-c-Ww. ssZhw \nc-h[n kwK-Xn-Iƒ Ah\v
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-Øp._n.-kn.-c-≠mw- \q-‰m-
≠n¬ Fgp-Xnb lmt\m-°ns‚ ]pkvX-Iw,- _n-
kn.-H∂mw \q‰m-≠n-se-gp-Xnb -lm-t\m-°ns‚ cl-
ky-ß-fpsS ]pkvXIw F∂o A{]m-am-Wn-I (-
A-t∏m - {In -^¬) {KŸ-߃ ta¬∏-d™
ss__nƒ hmIy-ßsf kzm[o-\n-®n-́ p-≠v. lmt\m-
°ns‚ ]pkvXIw FtXym-]y≥ `mj-bnepw
lmt\m-°ns‚ cl-ky-ß-fpsS ]pkvXIw …mthm-
WnIv `mj-bn-ep-amWv e`n-®n-´p-≈-Xv.- A-h-bpsS
aqe-`mj lo{_phpw Ad-am-b-bp-am-Wv.- Ah C∂v
e`y-a-√. ta¬∏-d-™ -hn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv
Ah e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
{]]-©-L-S-\, a\p-jys‚ kz`m-hw,- A-¥yw,
amem-J-am¿, ]nim-Np-°ƒ, ZpjvSm-cq -]n-Iƒ,-
kz¿Kw,- \-c-Iw,- ]m-Xmfw XpSßn hnhn[ hnj-b-
ß-sf-∏‰n A∂sØ a\p-jy¿ Nn¥n-®n-cp-∂Xv
{Kln-°m≥ Cu {KŸ-߃ k-lm-bn-°pw. -Ah
B[n-Im-cnI {KŸ-ß-fmbn blq-Zcpw ss{IkvX-
hcpw kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-√.- A-h-bp-sS -{]-]-©-ho-£-
W-tam,- a‰v hnh-c-W-ßtfm AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√.-
F-∂m¬ ssZhw t\cn´v lmt\m-°n\v shfn-s∏-Sp-
Øn-b-Xm-bn-´m-Wv hnh-c-Ww. Cu {KŸ-ß-fn¬
amem-J-amcpw ]nim-Np-°fpw {][m\ IYm-]m-{X-
ß-fm-Wv.- ]n-im-Np--°-fpsS D¤-hw, Ah¿°p
In´nb in£,- A-h-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\ -a-WvU-ew, -
hm-k-ÿew apX-em-b-hsb Ipdn-®v hn-hcn-°p-∂p.
]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Ønse ta¬∏-d™ `mK-ß-fnse
]cm-a¿i-߃ a\- n-em-°m≥ Cu {KŸ-߃
klm-bn-°pw.
-lm-t\m-°ns‚ ]pkvXIw 6˛11 A[ym-b-ß-
fn¬ amem-J-am-cpsS ]X-\w, ]nim-Np-°-fp-sSbpw
Aip-≤m-flm-°-fp-sSbpw D¤-hw,- _-‘-\-ÿ-cmb
Acq-]n-Iƒ F∂o- hn-j-b-߃ N¿®-sN-øp-∂p.
D¬]Øn 6,1 -˛4 s\ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv
hnh-c-Ww.
kz¿K-]p-{X-∑m-cmb 200 amem-J-am¿ a\p-jy-
]p-{Xn-am-cp-ambn _‘-s∏´v AXn-Im-b-∑msc P\n-
∏n-®p. Ah¿ [c-bn¬ sImSnb Xn∑ sNbvXp
At∏mƒ ssZhw \mev ssZhZqX-∑msc Ab-®p.
Ddn-tb-ens\ t\ml-bpsS ]°-te-°-b®v Pe-{]-
f-b-sØ-∏‰n Adn-bn-®p.- s]-́ Iw ]Wn-bm≥ t\ml-
tbmSv I¬]n-®p. -Zp-jvS-∑m-cpsS t\Xm-hmb Akm-
tk-ens\ _‘n-®v,- C-cp-´p-Ip-gn-bn¬ AS-bv°m≥
d^m-tb-ens\ \ntbm-Kn-®p. A-Xn-Im-b-∑m¿ ]c-
kv]cw ]S-sh´n \-in-°m≥ t{]cW \¬Ip-∂-
Xn\v K{_n-tb-ens\ Ab®p. skbvamkm F∂
ZpjvS-t\-Xm-hns\ _‘n®v AKm-[- K¿Øn¬ AS-
bv°m≥ anJm-tb-ens\ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]c-
kv]cw ]S-s]m-cpXn \in-® AXn-Im-b-∑m-cpsS
Bflm-°ƒ Aip-≤m-flm-°-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p.- A-h¿
`qan-bn¬ Np‰n-\-S-∂v -a-\p-jy-cn¬ I-S∂pIqSn ZpjvS-
Xbv°v t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
lmt\m -°ns‚ cl-ky -߃ F∂
{KŸØn¬ ]Øv kz¿K-ß-sf-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p. X´p-
X-´m-bn-´mWv kz¿K-߃. FSp-°-s∏-´- lm-t\m-°v-
A-h-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-bt∏mƒ Z¿in-®h hc-®p-
Im-́ p-∂p.
H∂mw- kz¿K-Øn¬ ag-ta-L-ßfpw a™p-
am-Wv.
c≠mw kz¿K-Øn¬ Iqcn-cp-´m-Wv. ssZh-
I¬∏\ ewLn-® ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿ AhnsS ]oUn-
∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- A-h¿ \n-c-¥cw \ne-hn-fn-®p- sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
aq∂mw- kz¿Kw Poh-hr£w hf-cp∂ ]dp-Zo-
km-bm-Wv. AXv \oXn-am-∑m¿°p-th≠n k÷-am-
°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. B kz¿K-Øns‚ hS-°p-`m-KØv
A‘-Im-cm-hr-X-amb XS-h-d-bn¬ ]m-]n-I-fpsS
Bflm-°ƒ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
\memw kz¿K-Øn¬ kqcy-N-{μ-∑m-cm-Wv.
A©mw- kz¿K-Øn¬ _‘n-X-cmb Acq-]n-
I-fpsS t\Xm-hns\ _‘n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
Bdmw kz¿K-Øn¬ BIm-i-tKm-f-ß-sfbpw
a\p-jy-scbpw \nb-{¥n-°p∂ ZqX-∑m¿ h-kn-°p-∂p.
Ggmw- kz¿K-Øn¬ apJy-Zq-X-∑m¿ h-kn-°p-∂p.
F´mw- kz¿K-Øn¬ [c-bnse E-Xp-°sf \nb-
{¥n-°p∂ ZqX-∑m¿ h-kn-°p-∂p.
38
D]-ImckvacW
Hcp hnizmkn
H≥]-Xmw -kz¿K-Øn¬ cm-in-N-{I-Ønse
]{¥≠v cm-in-Iƒ ÿm]n-®n-cn--°p-∂p.
]Ømw- kz¿K-Øn¬ ssZhw hkn-°p-∂p.
AXv F√m kz¿K-߃°pw D]-cn-ÿ-am-Wv.
1]-t{Xm.3,19-˛se ""_‘-\-ÿ-cmb Acq-]n-
I-fpw'',- 1]-t{Xm.4,18-˛19 se ""t\m-l-bpsS Imew
apX¬ _‘-\-ÿcpw,'' 2]-t{Xm.4 se ""Ccp-´p-
Ip-gn-bnte°v X≈n-bn´p'' F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
hcpw, F-t^.6,12-˛se ""kz¿Kob CS-ß-fn¬
h¿Øn-°p∂ Xn∑-bpsS Zpcm-flm-°-fpw'', bqZm
6˛¬ ]d-bp-∂, ""\nXy-_-‘-\-Øn¬'' Ign-bp-∂-
hcpw, ""ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cp∂ ZqX-
∑mcpw Ah-cpsS a°-fmb AXn-Im-b-∑mcp-am-
Wv.''. Ah¿ lmt\m-°ns‚ Z¿i-\-Ønse c≠pw
A©pw kz¿K-ß-fn¬ _‘n-X-cmbn Ign-bp-∂
Acq-]n-Ifm-Wv. I¿Ømhv Xs‚ kz¿Km-tcm-l-
Wm-h-kcw Ahsc kμ¿in-®p. Ah-cpsS tamN-
\-a√, ]ns∂-tbm, Xn∑-bpsS taep≈ Xs‚ hnP-
b-am-Wv {]tLm-jn-®-Xv.
2sIm-dn.12,2 -˛¬, hn. -]u-temkv «olm
""aq∂mw-kz¿Kw hsc FSp-°-s∏´ a\p-jys\''
Ipdn®v ]d-bp-tºmƒ, lmt\m-°ns‚ aq∂mw
kz¿K-amWv hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv.
Ft^.4,8˛10-˛¬ ""Ah≥ D∂-X-Øn-te°v
Btcm-lWw sNbvX-t∏mƒ'' F∂Xpw ""F√m
kz¿K-߃°pw D]cn Btcm-lWw sNbvX''
tbip-hns\ ]‰n ]d-bp∂Xpw ]Ømw kz¿K-
sØ-bmWv ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv.
lmt\m-°ns‚ t]cn-ep≈ {KŸ-ß-fnse
hnh-cWw a\- n-em-°n-sb-¶nte CØcw ]cm-
a¿i-ß-fpsS s]mcpƒ kp{Km-ly-am-Iq.
(ssa-°nƒ Imcn-a-‰w, Bflm-°-fpsS temIw,-
ap-cn-ßq¿, 2005-̨ -t\mSv IS-∏m-Sv).
Hm¿Ω-sb-°p-dn-s®mcp Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-ج
C{]-Im-c-amWv; Ime߃ IS-∂p-t]m-bmepw
kt¥m-j-I-c-amb Imcy-߃ Hm¿Øn-cn°pw thZ-
\m-I-c-am-b-hbpw A{X kt¥m-j-I-c-a-√m-Ø-
hbpw ad-hn-bn¬ aßn-a-dbpw. Rm\n-hn-sSmcp
Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-s∏-gp-Xm≥ {ian-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]pXnb
h¿j-Øns‚ hc-h-s√, AXpw tImhnUv Ime
]pXp-h¿jw, GXm\pw amk-߃°v ap≥]v
HmWw h∂p-t]m-b-s√m. tImhnUv s]cp-am-‰-®-´-a-
\p-k-cn®v AXv BtLm-jn-®p. {InkvXp-a pw
Aßs\ IS-∂p-t]m-bn. Ct∏mƒ ]pXnb h¿j-
Øns‚ hc-hmW,v AXpw tImhnUv s]cp-am-‰-®-´-
a-\p-k-cn®v BtLm-jn-°pw. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-
emWv Hcp Hm¿Ω-°-dn-s∏-gp-Xm≥ Xp\n-bp-∂-Xv.
At∏mƒ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hcp-∂-sX√mw \√-Im-cy-
߃. Pohn-X-Ønse G‰w kpμ-c-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ
]e-t∏mgpw _m√y-Im-esØ°pdn-®m-bn-cn-°p-a-
t√m. _m√y-Im-e-tØ-°p-Xs∂ t]mImw.
Rm≥ P\n-®-p-h-f¿∂Xv {Kma-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-
em-bn-cp-∂p. at\m-l-c-amb {Kmaw. Rm≥ I≠n-´p-
≈-Xn¬ h®v G‰hpw at\m-l-c-amb {Kmaw.
FXn¿∏p≈ hmb-\-°m-cp-≠m-Imw. FXn¿s°-
≠m, Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≈-Xn¬ h®v at\m-l-c-amb
]pXp-h-’-c-Øn¬Hcp aI-c-hn-f°v Hm¿Ω
dh. ^m. sNdn-bm≥ Xmg-a¨
{Kmaw F∂t√ Rm≥ ]d-™p-≈q. Fs‚ ̀ mKyw,
A[nIw ÿe-ß-tfm∂pw ImWm≥ Ign-bm-
Ø™Xv. Hcp]s£, I≠n-cp-s∂-¶nepw am‰-ap-
≠m-I-W-sa-∂n-√. Hmtcm-cp-h-s‚bpw P∑-ÿew
Ah-c-h¿°v G‰w at\m-lcw Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°pw,
Bbn-cn-°-Ww. Imc-Ww, P∑-ÿew Bcp-sSbpw
sXc-s™-Sp-∏-√-s√m. k¿Δ ⁄m\n-bmb ssZh-
Øns‚ Xocp -am -\-as√ Ahs‚ Xocp -am\w
G‰hpw DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-a-s√m. Fs∂ kw_-
‘n®v G‰hpw \√-Xs√ Ah≥ F\n°v Xcn-I-
bp-≈p. tamiw Xtc≠ -Im-cy-sam-∂p-an-√-s√m.
R߃ XΩn¬ ]q¿Δ sshcm-Ky-ß-tfm-∂p-an-√,
am{X-hp-a√ \∑-am-{X-amb ssZh-as√ CXv sNbvX-
Xv. At∏mƒ Dd-∏mbn Fs‚ {Kmaw Fs∂ kw_-
‘n®v G‰w at\m-l-c-amb {Kmaw Xs∂.
hnhn[ hn`mKw lnμp-°fpw hnhn-[- k-`mw-
K-ß-fmb {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw CS-I-e¿∂v hkn-
°p∂ {Kmaw. {]m¿∞-\bv°pw Bcm-[-\bv°pw
lnμp-°ƒ t£{X-ß-fn¬ t]mIpw, {InkvXym-\n-
I¬ ]≈n-I-fn¬ t]mIpw. t£{X-ß-fnse D’h
BtLm-j-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ImWm≥ {InkvXym-\n-
Ifpw ImØn-cn-°pw. ]≈n-I-fnse s]cp-∂mƒ
BtLm-j-ß-fn¬ lnμp-°fpw kw_-‘n-°pw.
\nco-£-Ww
39
HmWw {InkvXp-a v XpS-ßnb BtLm-j-ß-fnepw
F√m-hcpw ]s¶-Sp-°pw. aX- hy-Xym-k-an-√msX
hoSp-I-fn¬ Ib-dn-bn-dßn kulrZw ]¶p-h-bv°pw,
hnti-j-߃ Xnc-°pw. hnhmlw acWw XpS-ßnb
kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ F√m-h-scbpw £Wn°pw Adn-bn-
°pw, F√m-hcpw hcn-Ibpw sNøpw. aX-]-ctam
kap -Zm -b -] -ctam Bb hgt°m a’-ctam
kv]¿±tbm tI´p-tIƒhn-t]m-ep-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
lnμp-°fpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-a-√msX a‰v aX-ÿ-
scm∂p Rß-fpsS {Kma-Øn¬ C√m-bn-cp-∂p,
Ct∏mgpw C√. {Kma-Øns‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-bpsS
ImcWw CXp-sIm-≠p-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cn-°ptam, Hcp
kwi-bw.
Fs‚ \m´nse Nne t£{X-ß-fpsS D≈n¬
{]Xn-jvT-bpsS ASp-Øp-h-sc, Fs‚ lnμp kvt\ln-
X-∑m-tcm-sSm∏w, Rm≥ Ib-dn-bn-́ p-≠v. kvt\ln-X¿°v
AXp-sIm≠v kt¥m-j-a-√msX bmsXmcp FXn¿∏w
D≠m-bn-́ n-√. D≈n¬ Ib-dp-∂-Xn\v ap≥]v sNcp-∏p-
Iƒ Agn-®p-am-‰-W-ambn-cp∂p F∂v am{Xw.
R߃°-Xns‚ Bhiyw h∂n-´n-√. ImcWw
R߃°m¿°pw A∂v sNcp-∏n-√m-bn-cp -∂p.
F∂m¬ C\n AXp-IqSn ]d-bmw, Rm≥ BZy-ambn
sNcp∏v D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv Fs‚ ]sØm≥]Xmw hb-
n-em-Wv. sshZnI ]cn -io -e-\-Im-eØv,
\mevh¿jsØ ssa\¿ skan-\mcn ]T\w Ign™v
^tem-k^n ]T-\-Øn-\mbn taP¿ skan-\m-cn-bn-
te°v t]mIp∂ Znh-kw, AXm-bXv 1972 sabv amk
31-̨ mw Xob-Xn. F¥m, hmb-\-°m¿s°mcp h√m-bva-
tXm-∂p-∂pt≠m ? sNcp-∏n-√msX Smdn´ tdmUn-eq-
sSbpw kna‚n-́ -tdm-Un-eq-sSbpw a≤ym-”-Øn¬
t]mepw \S-°m\pw Ifn-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ Ifn-I-fn¬
G¿s∏-Sm\pw H∂pw bmsXmcp _p≤n-ap´pw A∂v
tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂n-√. B ImeØv Nß-\m-t»-cn¬
Fkv. _n. tImtf-Pn¬ {]oUn-{Kn°v ]Tn-®n-cp∂ c≠v
h¿j-°mew cmhn-sebpw sshIn´pw skan-\m-cn-bn¬
\n∂v Xncp-h√ sI. F v. B¿. Sn. kn. _kv
Ãm≥Un-te°pw Nß-\m-t»cn _kv Ãm≥Un¬
\n∂v tImtf-Pn-te°pw, Xncn-sIbpw ka-c- Zn-h-k-
ß-fn¬ a≤ym-”-kp-cys‚ NqSnepw sNcp-∏n-√msX
\S-∂n-cp-∂Xv _p≤n-ap-́ p≈ Imcy-ambn-cp-∂n-√. C∂n-
t∏mƒ P\n®v hogp∂ Ip™ns‚ Imen¬ jqkv
CSp-hn-®n-́ mWv _‘p-°sf ImWn-°m≥ ]pd-tØ°v
sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xp-X-s∂. Ime-Øns‚ am‰w. sNcp-
∏ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ am{X-a-√n-Xv. _‘-ß-fnepw D≠m-
bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Bcpw apJw Npfn-°-cpXv, Iºpw hSn-bp-ambn
NmSn hcp-Ibpw Acp-Xv. ]nW-ßp-Ibpw AXp-Xv.
G¶n¬ Hcp Imcy-IqSn ]d-bmw. km£m¬ i_-
cn-ae t£{X-Ønepw Rm≥ t]mbn-´p-≠v. {iotIm-
hn-en¬, ]Xn-s\´mw ]Sn°v apI-fn¬, Aø∏ hn{K-
l-Øns‚ ap≥]n¬ hsc. A∂sØ apJy X{¥n
{io. IWvTcv atl-iz-csc At±-l-Øns‚ apdn-
bn¬ sN∂v ImWp-Ibpw Ipsd kabw kwkm-cn-
®n-cn-°p-Ibpw AhnsSsb√mw ImWn-°m≥ Hcp
klm-bnsb Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp-
X∂p. F∂v am{X-a-√, AhnsS \n∂v `£-Whpw
Ign-∏n-®n-´mWv bm{X-bm-°n-b-Xv. {io. Aø-∏≥
tIm]n-®n-√, Cuiz-c≥ i]n-®n-√, tbip-{InkvXp
Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp-an-√.
C\n Hcev]w “]pØ≥ i_-cn-ae hnti-
jw”. Fs‚ {Kma-Ønse Hcp t£{X-am-WXv.
aI-c-hn-f-°n-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®mWv Ahn-Sp-sØbpw
{][m\ D’-hw. kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv
AhnsS D’-h-Øn\v t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂-
hnsS aq∂v Znh-ksØ D’-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]I¬
ka-b-ß-fn¬ aX-{KŸ hmb-\-Iƒ XpS¿®-bmbn
\S-∂n-cp-∂p. H∂mw Znhkw aX-{]-kwKw c≠mw
Znhkw IYm-{]-kwKw ap∂mw Znhkw sshIn´v
Fgp-s∂-≈Øpw cm{Xn IY-I-fnbpw ‘aX-{]-
kwKw’ BfloI Pohn-X-Øn\v DX-Ip∂ \√
Nn¥-Iƒ. tIƒ°p∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw \∑-h-cp-
Øp∂ Imcy-߃. ho´n¬ Ccp∂p Xs∂ AXv
hy‡-ambn tIƒ°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. c≠mw Znh-
ksØ IYm-{]-kw-Khpw tI´v Bkz-Zn-°pw,
aq∂mw Znh-ksØ Fgp-s∂-≈Øv ImWm≥
ImØp-\n-ev°pw, sN≠-°mcpw hmZy-°mcpw
B\bpw F√mw, ]≈n-bnse s]cp-∂mƒ dmk-
t]m-se-Xs∂, B\-Iq-Sp-Xeps≠∂p am{Xw.
A∂v cm{Xn IY-Ifn. cm{Xn Ipsd kabw AXpw
ho´n¬ Ccp∂v tI´v Bkz-Zn-°pw. GsX-¶nepw
Hcp-Zn-hkw D’-h-ÿ-eØv t]mIpw. F√m I≠v
\S°pw, _eq-Wpw, anTm-bnbpw Nne A√-d-Nn-√d
km[-\-ß-sfms° hmßpw, Iq´p-Imcpw IqsS-Im-
Wpw. Imew Ign-™n´pw Ct∏mgpw aI-c-hn-f-
°ns‚ k‘y-bn¬ Rm≥ ho´n¬ FØm-dp-≠v.
]pØ≥ i_-cn-ae t£{X-Ønse D’-h-Øns‚
i_vZ -sa -¶nepw tIƒ°p-I -bmWv e£yw.
Ct∏mƒ Hcm-gvNsØ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fm-Wv. F√m-Zn-h-
khpw aX-{]-kw-K-ß-fp-≠v. F∂m¬, ]≠sØ
Bflo-bX Ah-bn¬ tIƒ°m-\n√. aX-{]-kw-K-
ß-sf-°mƒ kap-Zm-b-{]-kw-K-ß-fm-Wn-∂v. C∂n-
t∏mƒ IY-I-fn-bp-an-√. Rß-fpsS {Kmaw Adn-b-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-X-s∂. “IY-I-fn -{Kmaw” F∂m-Wv.
F∂n´pw F¥mtWm Ct∏mƒ IY-I-fn-{Km-a-
Ønse t£{X-Øn¬t]mepw D’-h-Øn\v IY-
Ifn C√m-ØXv ? F\n-°n-sXmcp Ipd-hmbn
tXm∂m-dp-≠v. tImhnUv ˛ 19 XpS-ßp-∂-Xp-hsc
shfp-∏n\v \S-°m≥ t]mIp-tºmƒ Xncp-h√ {ioh-
√-`-t£{X \S-bn¬ \S-°p∂ IY-Ifn Aev]-k-
abw ImWm-d-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tImhnUv ˛19 AXpw
apS-°n.
_m√y-Imew apX¬ I≠pw, ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬
HmSn-°-fn®v \S∂pw D≈n¬ Hc-Sp∏w D≠m-bn-́ p≈
as‰mcp t£{X-hp-ap -≠v Rß-fpsS \m´n¬.
Cugh kapZmbØns‚ hI-bm-Wv. Rm≥ ]Tn®
kvIpfns‚ ap‰-ØmWv t£{Xw, AtXm t£{X-
40
Øns‚ ap‰Øv kvIqtfm, FXmWv icn -
sb∂dnbn-√m-bn-cp∂p A∂v. Cu t£{X-Øns‚
D≈n-emWv Iq´p-I-mscmØv Ib-dn-bn-́ p-≈-Xv. A∂v
sshZypXn shfn-®-an -√mØ Imeambn-cp∂p.
F¶nepw Iq´p-Im-cpsS Iq´-Øn¬ Ib-dn.
t£{X-°p-f-Øn¬ Imev Igp-Ip-∂Xv km[m-
c-W-am-bn-cp∂p, AsXmcp kt¥m-j-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Ct∏mgpw Cu t£{X-ß-fpsS kao-]-Øp-IqSn
bm{X-sN-øp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ Krlm-Xp-c-X-tbmsSbmWv.
Hcp {]bmkw am{Xw, c≠v t£{X-ßfpw henb
aXn¬sI´n Ihm-Shpw h®v AS-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {]th-
i\w XS-bp-Itbm ]cn-an -X-s∏-Sp -Øp-Itbm
sNbvXn -cn -°p -∂p. aXn¬ F∂m¬ ‘aXn’‘CXnse’ Fs∂mcp hne-°m-Wv. B aXn-ep-Iƒ
Fs‚ _m√y-Ime ImgvN-I-sf kt¥m-jsØ
XS-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ _m√y-Ime \√ A\p-
`-h-߃ C∂sØ Xe-ap-d-bnse Ip´n-Iƒ°v XS-
b -s∏-´n -c n -°p -∂p. hmXn¬ F∂m¬ ‘hm’‘CXnse’. hmXn-ep-Iƒ Ign-bp-∂{X Xpd-°p-I-
bs√ th≠-Xv.
{InkvXp-a v Hcp hmXn¬ Xpd-∏t√? a\p-
jy-s\-Xn-cmbn AS-bv°-s∏´ kz¿§-hm-Xn¬
ssZhw a\p-jy-\mbn ]nd∂v h∂v Xpd-∂-Xns‚
kZvh¿Øbt√ ? AXm-bn-cp-∂nt√ k¿Δ-P-\-Øn-
\p-ap≈ kZvhm¿Ø CXt√ amem-J-am¿ tLmjn-
®-Xv. CX-dn-bn-°m-\t√ tbip-tZ-h≥ injy-∑m-
tcmSv ]d-™-Xv. Cu kZvhm¿Ø Adn-bn-°m-
\p≈h≥ aXn¬ sI´n-b-S-bv°-cpXv, hmXn¬ Xpd-
°p -Itb BIm-hq. Cu kZvhm¿Øbt√
Ign™ amkw {InkvXp-a- n¬ \mw Hm¿Ø-Xv.
Fs¥¥v \√ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ.
hfsc {]Xo -£-tbmsS Gsd XymKw
kln®v t\Sn-sb-SpØ P\m-[n-]Xy `cWw Ggv
]Xn-‰m≠v Ign-™-t∏m-tg°pw Imcy-߃ Xe-
Io-gm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kaq-l-Øn¬ ImX-emb am‰-
߃ kw`-hn-®n-cn-°p∂p; \∑-bn-te-°-√. kap-Zm-
bßfpw aX-ßfpw F∂ th¿Xn-cnhv a\p-jys‚
a\- n-te°v k∂n-th-in-∏n-°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p. ]mT-
]p-kvX-I-ß-fn-eq-sS-t∏mepw AXv \S-°p-∂p.
kulr-Z-Øn¬ Ign-™n-cp-∂-h¿ C∂v ]c-kv]cw
kwi-b-tØmsS ho£n-°p-∂p. hn`m-Kn-bX hf-
cp-∂p, hf¿Øp-∂p. ̀ n∂X hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ “D]-
cn-]-T\w \S-Øn-b-h¿” \m´n¬ Akz-ÿX
krjvSn-°p-∂p. Ah≥ t\Xm-°-∑m-cm-Ip-∂p.
Fs‚ CS-hI ]≈n-bpsS ]cn-k-c-ß-fnepw
]≈n-bnepw t]mse Rm≥ Ibdn Cdßn \S-∂n-
cp∂ t£{X ]cn-k-c-߃ sI´n-b-S-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv
ImWp-tºmƒ Fs‚ lrZbw thZ-\n-°m-dp-≠v.
t£{X-ß-fp-sSbpw ]≈n-I-fp-sSbpw aXn-ep-Ifpw
AS™ Ihm-S-ßfpw ImWp-∂Xv lrZ-b-th-Z-\-
bm-Wv. AS™ lrZ-b-Øns‚ DS-a-Iƒ aX-ß-
fpsS t\Xr-Xz-ß-fn-se-Øn-b-Xns‚ AS-bm-f-at√
Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fp-sSbpw aX-tI-{μ-ß-fp-sSbpw
aXn-ep-Ifpw AS™ Ihm-S-ßfpw ? kz¿§-I-hmSw
kIe a\p-jy¿°p-ambn Xpd-°m≥ a\p-jym-\mbn
]nd∂ ssZh-]p-{Xs‚ Xncp-P-\-\mNcWw Ign-
™-t∏mƒ C{]-Imcw \a-s°m∂p [ym\n-°mw.
Nne \√ Xocp-am-\-߃ FSp-°mw. \ΩpsS \mSv
ssZh-Øns‚ \mSm-°mw.; aXn-ep-I-fn -√mØ
AS™ Ihm-S-ß-fn-√mØ lrZ-b-ap-≈-h-cpsS
\mSv. A\p-Kr-loX ]pXp-h-’cw kI-e¿°pw
t\cp-∂p.
Hcp hnizm-kn
41
dh. ^m.jo≥ ]me°pgn
Hmkvt{Senb≥ FgpØpImc\mb
tamdnkv shÃns‚, 1963-̨ ¬ ]pdØndßnb, temI
{]kn≤amb t\mhemWv “The Shoes of the Fisher-man.” ]pdØndßn Gsd\mƒ C‚¿\mjW¬
s_Ãv sk√dmbncp∂ Cu t\mh¬ CXphsc
GXm≠v 12 aney≥ tIm∏nIƒ hn‰gn™n´p≠v.
ItØmen°m k`bpw t]∏knbpw {][m\
]›mØeambn hcp∂ Cu t\mh¬ 1968 ¬
AtX t]cn¬ Xs∂ kn\nabmbpw ]pdØndßn.
t\mhens‚ D≈S°w Npcp°n∏dbmw. c≠mw
temIalmbp≤ImeØv tkmhnb‰v bqWnb
\nse Hcp ItØmen°m ]ptcmlnX\mbncp∂p
Indn¬ et°m´. bp≤w Ign™t∏mƒ At±lw
cq]Xbnse _nj∏mbn sXcs™Sp°s∏´p.
F∂m¬ aX a¿±Icmbncp∂ IayqWnÃv
`cWm[nImcnIƒ At±lsØ Xpd¶neS®p.
ssk_ocnbbnse XShdbn¬ At±lw
\cIbmX\ A\p`hn®Xv H∂pw c≠pa√ \o≠
]Xnt\gp h¿jßfmWv. AXn\ptijw Pbn¬
tamNnX\mb At±lsØ am¿∏m∏ tdmante°p
hnfn∏n®p. hfscs∏´∂p Xs∂ At±lw Hcp
I¿±n\mfmbn sXcs™Sp°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp.
At±lsØ I¿±n\mfmbn \nban® tijw
GXm\pw Znhk߃ Ignbptºmƒ hfsc
A{]Xo£nXambn am¿∏m∏ acWs∏SpIbmWv.
]pXnb ]m∏msb sXcs™Sp°m\p≈
I¿±n\mƒamcpsS ktΩf\amb tIm¨t¢hv
DS≥ Xs∂ IqSpIbpw ]pXnb ]m∏msb
sXcs™Sp°pIbpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ B
sXcs™Sp∏n\v Hcp {]tXyIX D≠mbncp∂p.
ItØmen°m k`bnse ]Xnhn\p hncp≤ambn,
Ncn{XØnemZyambn C‰en°p ]pdØp \n∂pw
Hcp I¿Zn\mƒ ]pXnb ]m∏mbmbn sXc
s™Sp°s∏´ncn°p∂p. AXv a‰pambncp∂n√;
djybn¬ \n∂p≈ I¿±n\mƒ Indn¬ et°m´!
c≠mw temI almbp≤w Ign™v k¶o¿Æamb
Hcp kmaqlnI ]›mØeØn¬ k` Ht´sd
{]Xnk‘nIƒ t\cnSp∂ L´ØnemWv Indn¬
et°m´ ItØmen°m k`bpsS ]cam≤y£
\mhp∂Xv. k`bv°p≈n¬ \n∂pw ]pdØp \n∂pw
At±lØn\v t\cntS≠n h∂ sh√phnfnIfpw
At±lØns‚ BflkwL¿jßfpamWv
t\mhens‚ CXnhrØw.
{]hN\ kz`mhap≈ Cu t\mhen\v
ItØmen°m k`bpsS ]n¬°me Ncn{Xhpambn
AXnibn∏n°p∂ Nne kmayßfp≠v;
{]tXyIn®v t\mh¬ ]pdØndßn 15 h¿j
߃°p tijw NpaXetb‰ tPm¨ t]mƒ
c≠ma≥ ]m∏mbpsS PohnXhpambn. Cu t\mh¬
Bcw`n°p∂Xv Hcp am¿∏m∏bpsS acWtØmSp
IqSnbmWv. t\mhense IYm\mbI\mb Indn¬
et°m´sb I¿±n\mfmbn \nban® ]m∏m Imew
^o®¿
42
sNbvXp. Ncn{XØn¬ Cu t\mh¬ ]pdØnd
ßnb AtX Znhkw, 1963 Pq¨ aq∂n\v, c≠mw
hØn°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ \S∂psIm≠ncnt°
tPm¨ Ccp]Ønaq∂ma≥ am¿∏m∏ Imew sNbv-
Xp. t\mhens‚ XpS°Øn¬ ]cma¿in°p∂
]m∏mbpsS acWw hfsc A{]Xo£nXamb
H∂mbncp∂p. AXpt]mse Ncn{XØn¬ tPm¨
23 a\p tijw sXcs™Sp°s∏´ t]mƒ
Bdma≥ am¿∏m∏bpw tPm¨ t]mƒ H∂ma≥
am¿∏m∏bpw A{]Xo£nXambn Htc h¿jw,
1978˛¬ GXm\pw ZnhkßfpsS hyXymkØn¬
acWs∏´p. tPm¨ t]mƒ H∂ma≥ ]m∏m
NpaXetb‰v shdpw 33 Znhk߃°p tijw
acWs∏SpIbmbncp∂p.
t\mhen¬ ]m∏mbpsS s]´∂p≈ acW
tijw ]pXnb ]m∏mbmbn sXcs™Sp°
s∏Sp∂Xv C‰en°p ]pdØp \n∂p≈ Hcp
I¿±n\mfmWv. AXv djy°mc\mb Indn¬
et°m´bmWv. C‰en°p ]pdØp \ns∂mcmƒ
am¿∏m∏bmIp∂Xv ItØmen°m k`bpsS
Ncn{XØnse AXy]q¿hamb Hcp kw`hamWv.
Ncn{XØnepw AXp Xs∂ Bh¿Øn®p. 1978˛¬
c≠p am¿∏m∏mamcpsS s]´∂p≈ acWØn\p
tijw ]m∏mbmbn sXcs™Sp°s∏´ tPm¨
t]mƒ c≠ma≥ C‰en°mc\mbncp∂n√,
t]mf pImc\mbncp∂p. k`mNcn{XØnse \o≠
455 h¿j߃°p tijw ItØmen°m
k`bpsS AacØv C‰en°mc\√mØ Hcp
am¿∏m∏ Ahtcm[n°s∏´p. t\mhense Indn¬
et°m´bpw ]n¬°me Ncn{XØnse t]m∏v
tPm¨t]mƒ c≠ma\pw XΩnepff kam\X
ChnsS Bcw`n°p∂p.
Cu c≠v am¿∏m∏amcpsS t]cpIƒ
XΩnepap≠v kmayw. t\mhense ]pXnb
]m∏mbpsS t]cv Indn¬ F∂mWv˛ Indn¬
et°m´! Ncn{XØn¬ tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠mas‚
bYm¿∞ t]cv Itcmƒ F∂mWv˛ Itcmƒ
tPmk^v thmbv‰nh! as‰mcp IuXpIIcamb
kam\X t\mhense Indn¬ et°m´bpw
Ncn{XØnse Itcmƒ thmbv‰nhbpw IΩyqWnÃv
cm{„ßfn¬ \n∂p≈hcmWv. Indn¬ et°m´
IΩyqWnÃv djybn¬ \n∂pw Itcmƒ thmbv‰nh
IΩyqWnÃv t]mf≠n¬ \n∂pamWv. Cu c≠p
]m∏mamcpw PohnXØns‚ ]cp]cpØ bmYm¿
∞yßtfmSp [ocambn s]mcpXn Db¿∂p
h∂hcmWv. t\mhense Indn¬ et°m´ aX
a¿±IcpsS {Iqc ]oV\Øn\ncbmbn ]Xnt\gp
sIm√w ssk_ocnbbnse XShdbn¬ \cI
bmX\ A\p`hn® BfmWv.
tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥ ]m∏ AXnt\°mƒ
thZ\IfneqsS IS∂p h∂bmfmWv. At±lw
P\n°pw aptº BsIbp≠mbncp∂ Hcp
ktlmZcn acWs∏´p. HºXmw hb n¬ AΩ
acn®p. At±lØn\v ]{¥≠p hb pt∏mƒ GI
ktlmZc\pw 21 hb p {]mbap≈t∏mƒ
]nXmhpw acWs∏´p. Ccp]Ønsbm∂mw
hb n¬ Xo¿Øpw A\mY\mb Itcmƒ
thmbv‰nh A∂∂sØ A∂Øn\mbn ]md
aSbnepw Peip≤oIcW imebnepsams°
sXmgnemfnbmbn F√papdnsb ]WnsbSpØp.
c≠mw temI almbp≤w sImSpºncns°m≠
hdpXnbpsS \mfpIfn¬ Xs‚ Poh≥ t]mepw
XrWhZvKWn®v clkyambn skan\mcnbn¬
tN¿∂p ]Tn®p. ]e XhW \mkn∏SbpsS
tXm°n≥ ap\bn¬s∏s´¶nepw hensbmcp
\ntbmKØn\p th≠n ssZhw AtZlØns‚
Pohs\ ImØph®p. sshZnI\mhp∂Xn\pw
c≠p h¿jw apºv hensbmcp {S°]ISsØ
At±lw AXnPohn®p. am¿∏m∏bmb tijhpw
Zpc¥ßƒ At±lsØ ssIhn´n√. 1981˛¬
aplΩZv Aen AKvIm F∂ sImebmfn
At±lsØ shSnh®p hogvØn. aq∂p _p≈
‰pIƒ At±lØns‚ icocw Xpf®p Ibdn
sb¶nepw At±lw acWØn\p IogSßnbn√.
PohnXØnte°pw ip{iqjbnte°pw Xncn®p
h∂ At±lw ]m¿°n≥k¨kv tcmKØm¬
Gsd thZ\ kln®mWv 2005˛¬ Xs‚ PohnXw
]q¿Ønbm°nbXv. kl\ßfpsS cmPIpamc≥
amcmbncp∂p t\mhensebpw Ncn{XØntebpw
]pXnb am¿∏m∏am¿.
43
AhnSw sIm≠pw Xocp∂n√. am¿∏m∏bmb
tijw c≠p ]m∏mam¿°pw A`napJoIcnt°≠n
h∂ {]Xnk‘nIƒ°pap≠v kam\X. t\mh
ense ]m∏bmb Indn¬ et°m´bv°v t\cntS≠n
h∂ Hcp {]Xnk‘nbp≠v. H∂pIn¬ bmYmÿn
XnI\mbn k`sb \bn®v Np‰pap≈hcpsS IøSn
t\Sn, Hcp sh√phnfnbpw Gs‰Sp°msX, amdnb
temIØv k`sb A{]k‡amb coXnbn¬
\bn°pI. As√¶n¬ c≠mw temI almbp≤
Øns‚ sISpXnIƒ°ncbmb ]mhs∏´
P\ßfnte°ndßns®∂v Imem\pkrXamb
coXnbn¬ k`sb \bn®v bmYmÿnXnIcpsS
FXn¿∏p kºmZn°pI! Cu c≠p sshcp≤y
߃°nSbnep≈ BflkwL¿jambncp∂p
At±lØns‚ PohnXw. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥
]m∏bv°pw AØcsamcp sshcp≤ysØ
t\cntS≠n h∂n´p≠v. 1962˛¬ ktΩfn® c≠mw
hØn°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ ItØmen°m k`bpsS
ssienIsf s]mfns®gpXn Imem\pkrXam
°m\p≈ Hcp ]cn{iaambncp∂p. k`bpsS
ssZhimkv{X kao]\ßfn¬ henb am‰ßƒ
hcpØnb Hcp ktΩf\ambncp∂p AXv.
k`bpsS hmXmb\߃ temIØn\p ap∂n¬
ae¿s° Xpd∂n´ Hcp Ncn{X kw`hambncp∂p
AXv. Cu Iu¨kn¬ apt∂m´p h® ]ptcmK
a\mibßsf Dƒs°m≈m≥ k`bpsS a\ p
]mIs∏SpØpI F∂ {iaIcamb Hcp ZuXy
ambncp∂p At±lsØ ImØncp∂Xv. bmYm
ÿnXnI¿°pw ]ptcmKa\hmZnIƒ°pw CSbn¬
]mew ]WnX Hcp s]m¥ns^I-vkmbncp∂p
tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥ ]m∏m. At\Iw Nm{InI
teJ\ßfneqsS At±lw P\ßsf \nc¥cw
]Tn∏n®p. c≠mw temIalmbp≤Øn\p tijw
C\nsbmcp bp≤ap≠mhcpsX∂ Blzm\
hpambn kam[m\Øns‚ B sh≈cn{]mhv
`qansb h´an´p ]d∂p. GXm≠v 135 Hmfw
cmPy߃ At±lw kμ¿in®p. At±lw
k©cn® Zqcw IW°m°nbm¬ Ccp]Ønsb´p
XhWsb¶nepw Cu `qansb hew hbv°p∂
Zqcap≠Xv. Dcp°pap„n°mcmbncp∂ tKm¿
_t®hpw ^nU¬ Imkvt{Smbpsams°
D]-ImckvacW
Hcp hnizmkn
At±lØns‚ Blzm\߃°p ap∂n¬
Ip™m´n≥ Ip´nIsft∏mse sacpßn. Bgamb
ssZh hnizmkhpw D≈n¬ kvt\lhpw Np≠n¬
]p©ncnbpambn \mSyßfn√mØ B a\pjy≥
G‰hpw {]k‡\mb Hcp temI t\Xmhmbn amdn.
CgIodn ]cntim[n®m¬ CXpt]mse H´t\Iw
kam\XIƒ C\nbpw Is≠Øm\p≠v.
History anticipated in literature F∂p
thWsa¶n¬ \ap°nXns\ hntijn∏n°mw.
AXmbXv Ncn{Xw˛ ImeØns‚ ]q¿ÆXbn¬
]nd°pw aptº kmlnXyØn¬ kzbw
]cnNbs∏SpØnbncn°p∂p. The Shoes of the Fish-erman Dw tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥ ]m∏mbpw
Ncn{XØnse IuXpIßfmbn \sΩ hnkva
bn∏n®p sImt≠bncn°p∂p. Hcp Imcyw IqSn!
P]ame amkamb HtŒm_dn¬ temIw I≠
G‰hpw henb acnb`‡cn¬ Hcmfmb tPm¨
t]mƒ c≠mas\ Hm¿Ωn°p∂Xv F¥psIm≠pw
\√XmWv. 1978 HtŒm_¿ 16 \mWv At±lw
]m∏mbmbn sXcs™Sp°s∏´Xv . 2005
HtŒm_¿ 22 \mWv hnip≤\mb At±lØns‚
Xncp\mƒ k` BtLmjn°p∂Xv.
44
ssZhsØ Is≠-Øphm\pw Ah-\n¬ Bg-s∏-Sphm\pw
Ahs‚ A¤p-X-I-c-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ A\p-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬
A\p-`-hn-°p-hm\pw klm-bn-°p∂ ap∏Øn-b©v hnNn-¥-\-ß-fpsS
kam-lm-cw, AXmWv sNdn -bm≥ Xmg-a¨ A®s‚ ]pXnb
]pkvXIw ‘tImdlv ZmØm≥ A_o-dmw’. hnhn[ kμ¿`-ß-fnepw
hyXykvX kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw hmb-\-bn-eq-sSbpw {ih-W-Øn-eq-
sSbpw a\-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw cq]-s∏´ Nn-¥-Iƒ A£-c-cq-]-Øn¬ Ah-
X-cn-®-XmWv Cu {KŸw.
D≈n-ep≈ ssZhsØ ImWm\pw A\p-Zn\ Pohn-X-Ønse
Ahs‚ A¤p-X-I-c-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw ]q¿Æ-X-
bn-te°v hf-cm\pw klm-bn-°p-sa∂p Icp-Xp∂ Iqsd hnNn-¥-\-
߃. AKm-[hpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb Nn¥-Iƒ sIm≠v \nd-™n-cn-
°p∂ Hmtcm teJ-\hpw Hmtcm Nn¥m-cXv\w Xs∂-bm-Wv.
Pohn-X-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ssZhnI ImgvN-∏m-Sn\v [ym\-a-\-\-߃
sIm≠v cq]w sImSp-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-´p-≈-h¿°p am{Xta C{X
Bbm-k-c-ln-X-ambn Pohn-Xm-tbm-[\ cl-ky-߃ k¿§m-fl-I-X-
tbmsS ssIImcyw sNøm-\m-Iq.
lrZy-amb kulr-Z-Øns‚ NqSpw ssNX-\yhpw A\p-`-h-th-
Zy-am-°phm≥ DX-Ip∂ i‡-amb `mj. GXv {]mb-Ønepw {]mtZ-
inI ̀ qan-I-bnepw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-h¿°pw kzoIm-cy-amb inev]-̀ w-Kn. \√
hmb-\-bpsS A\p-{Klw {]Zm\w sNøp∂ ]pkvX-Iw. Hmtcm-te-J-
\hpw hmb-\-°m-c\v Bflo-bm-\p-`-h-ßfpw t_m[y-ßfpw \evIp-
sa-∂p-d-∏v.
{KŸ\ncq]Ww
tImdlv ZmØm≥ A_odmw
{]km-[-I¿
a≤y-ÿ≥ _p°vkv, Nß-\m-t»cn
hnX-cWw
sk‚ v tPmk^v Hm¿^-tWPv _p°v Ãmƒ, Nß-\m-t»cn
t]Pv 174. hne. 195/˛
45
]IpXnbnepw adp]IpXnbn¬ IrXyamb \n¿h
lWhpw t\XrXzw Bhiys∏Sp ∂p≠v.
AXpsIm≠mWv ImgvN∏mSpItfbpw Z¿i\ß
sfbpw bmYm¿∞yam°nØo¿°emWv t\XrXzw
F∂v hnh£n°p∂Xv. BibXesØ A\p`h
Xeßfn¬ {]mtbmKnIambn FØn°m\mIWw.
a‰p≈hsc kzm[o\n°m\p≈ IgnhmWv
t\XrXzØns‚ ssh`hsa∂v'' Phl¿em¬
s\lvdp ]d™n´p≠v . I≠pap´p∂ Hmtcmcp
ØcptSbpw t]cv Hm¿Øncn°m\pw t]cv sNm√n
hnfn°m\pw Ign™m¬ hfsc \√Xv. \nXm¥
kzm[o\w sNepØm≥ IgnbpIsb∂Xv t\Xr
XzØn¬ \n¿WmbIamWv. t\XrXzw Hcp
IebmWv. hy‡n_‘ßsf hyXykvXXtbmsS
BI¿jn®p IqsS \n¿Øm≥ Ignbp∂ Ie.
Npcp°Øn¬ Hcp s]mXpe£yØns‚ {]m]vXn
°mbn Xs‚ kl{]h¿ØIcpsSbpw A\pbm
bnIfpsSbpw kvt\lhpw klIcWhpw
hnizmkhpw hnt[bXzhpw BZchpam¿Pn®v
Ahcn¬ kzm[o\w sNepØn \nb{¥n®v
\bn°m≥ IgnbpIsb∂XmWv t\XrXzw.
t\XrXzw Hcp ]Zhnb√; {]h¿Ø\
amWv'' F∂v \n¿hNn®Xv sUmWmƒUv F®v
aKv\≥ F∂ Nn¥I\mWv. sXcs™Sp∏p
thfbn¬ Cu Nn¥°v {]k‡nbp≠v. hnhn[
cm{„obI£nIfp sSbpw {]ÿm\ßfpsSbpw
t]cnepw kzX{¥cmbpw a’cn°p∂hcp≠v.
_lpam\n°s∏Sp∂ ]ZnhnIfn¬ FØnt®cm
\p≈ B{Klw \√XpXs∂. ]t£, t\Xm
°fmbn sXcs™Sp°s∏Sm\m{K ln°p∂h¿
F¥mWv t\XrXzsa∂pw t\Xmhv Bcmbncn
°Wsa∂pap≈ Aht_m[w Dƒs°mt≈≠
Xp≠v. ÿm\t∏cpIƒ°∏pdw hfcmØh¿
ÿm\w Hgnbptºmƒ A{]k‡cmIpw .
]ZhnIfpsS DuSpw ]mhpw XmXvImenIw
am{XamWv. Hcp ÿm\Øns‚ hen∏tØ°mƒ
B ÿm\Øncn°p∂hcpsS kz`mhalnabpw
{]h¿Ø\Ø\nabpamWv BfpIsf BI¿jn
°p∂Xv. Aßs\bp≈h¿ ÿm\w Hgn™mepw
P\lrZbßfn¬ ambmØ ap{Z ]Xn∏n°pw.
]ZhnIƒ \¬Ip∂ BZcw s]mcpam‰®´ß
fpsS t]cnepw hy‡nIƒ°p e`n°p∂ BZcw
{]h¿Ø\ sshin„yØns‚ t]cnep
ambncn°pw.
kwLSn∏n°p∂Xn\pw \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\pw
\n¿hln°p∂Xn\pw \bn°p∂Xn\pw {]tNmZn∏n
°p∂Xn\pw kzm[o\n°p∂Xn\pap≈ ss\
k¿KoItam B¿PnXtam Bb IgnhmWv
t\XrXzw. ho£Wßfpw Z¿i\ßfpw Hcp
AUz. Nm¿fn t]mƒ
ImenIw
46
hgn AdnbpIbpw hgn ImWn®psImSp
°pIbpw B hgnbneqsS \S°pIbpw sNøp∂
hy‡nbmIWw t\Xmhv. kzbw AdnbpIbpw
sa®s∏SpØpIbpw thWw. DØchmZnXzhpw
NpaXebpw ]nghpIƒ IqSmsX \n¿hln°m
\mIWw. P\ßfpambn \nc¥c kº¿°w,
Bibhn\nabw, Ipiemt\z jWw F∂nh
\SØWw. P\ßfpsS {]iv\ßfn¬ Ahtcm
sSm∏w \n∂v {]iv\]cnlmcw Is≠ØWw.
\njv]£XtbmsS {]h¿Øn°Ww. bmsXmcp
hn[ hnthN\hpw ]mSn√. CsX√mw t\XrXz
Øns‚ KpWkhntijXbmWv. kzbw hnebn
cpØn, XncptØ≠nSØv XncpØnbmIWw
apt∂td≠Xv.
kz`mhalnatbmsSm∏w {]m]vXnbpw
Imcy£aXbpw {][m\amWv. Imcy-£aX Nne
KpWßfpsS ka\zbamWv. Np‰pap≈ Imcy߃
kq£vaXtbmsS AdnbpI, hnebncpØpI,
hkvXpXIfpsS hniZmwißfn¬ {i≤
]XnbpI, `mh\mi‡nbp≠mhpI, ambmØ
Hm¿ai‡n ssIhcn°pI, £WØn¬
Xocpam\saSp°m\pw AXv \S∏nem°m\pw
IgnbpI. Chsb√mw tNcp∂XmWv Imcy£aX.
Ch kzmbØam°Ww. \nkzm¿∞X, kXy
k‘X, A¿∏Wt_m[w, kZmNmcXo£vWX,
\oXnt_m[w, \njv]£X, hy‡nkzmX{¥yw,
Bflm¿∞X F∂nh {]hrØnIfn¬ D≠m
IWw. hm°nt\°mƒ {][m\w {]hrØnbm
sW∂v ad°cpXv.
aZyw, ab°pacp∂v , Akm∑m¿KnI
{]hrØnIƒ, kmºØnI Ip‰IrXy߃,
AgnaXn, kzP\ ]£]mXw, {Inan\¬
tIkpIƒ F∂nhsb√mw t\Xm°fpsS hnizm
kyX°pw ta∑°pw If¶amIpw. P\ßfn¬
\n∂v AI‰pw. t\Xmhv amXrIbmIWw. Nne
aqeyZ¿i\ßfpw [m¿anIXbpw t\Xmhn\v
apX¬°q´mbn Ft∏mgpw D≠mIWw. s]mXp
PohnXw Hcp Xpd∂ ]pkvXIw t]mse BIWw.
s]mXpP\ t£aamIWw apJy AP≠.
hy‡n]camb XmXv]cyßtfm C„m\n„ßtfm
Xs‚ s]mXp {]h¿Ø\ Øn¬ kzm[o\w
sNepØm≥ A\phZn°cpXv. Hcmƒ°pw tNmZyw
sNøm≥ BImØhn[Ønembncn °Ww
t\Xmhv s]cpamtd≠Xv. Km‘nPn ]d™ph®
Fgv Xn∑Iƒ ChnsS {]k‡amWv.(1) tPmen
sNømsXbp≈ kºmZ\w, (2) a\: m£n
bn√mØ kpJw, (3) kz`mhip≤nbn√mØ
Adnhv, (4) [m¿anIX C√mØ I®hSw, (5)
a\pjyXzan√mØ imkv{Xw, (6) lrZbw Db¿
ØmsXbp≈ {]m¿∞\, (7) XXzZo£bn√mØ
cm{„obw. Cu Ggv Xes∏´ tZmjßfn¬ \n∂pw
t\Xmhv ap‡\mIWw. B¿{ZXbm¬ Pzen°p∂
kt\ltØmSpw tkh\tØmSpwIqsS PohnXw
Xs∂ ktμiam°n apt∂dnbm¬ F∂pw
kvacn°s∏Spw; hnPbnbmIpw.
Hcp hnizm-kn
47
48