بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Knowledge, Attitude & Practice Toward Blood Donation Among

The Men Attending

The Governmental Blood Banks

In Al-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Supervisor: Proph. Dr. Khaleed Ba-Shraheel

Prepared by group No. 2:

2009-2010

Republic of Yemen Hadramout University

of Science & TechnologyCollege of Medicine & Health sciencesDepartment of Family & Community

MedicineGroup (2)4th Year

اليمنية الجمهوريةللعلوم حضرموت جامعة

والتكنولوجياالصحية والعلوم الطب كلية

والمجتمع األسرة طب قسمالثانية : المجمعة

الرابع: المستوى

1-Abla Abd-Alshafi Summar. chairwomen

2-Shaika Bawazire .Co-chairwomen

3 -Alaa Waleed Al-Aelah .

4 -Abeer Al-Moqadam .

5 -Azal Al-Amoodi .

6-Eman Amer Al-Sa'adi .

7 -Hind Al-Somahi .

8 -Manal Al-Rawwas .

9 -Marwa Farge Al-Kurbi .

10 -Ojbah Hassan Al-Bahassany .

11 -RajaAl-Haddad .

12 -Reham Salah Al-Nahdi .

13 -Sarah Salmeen Bin Al-Zoo'a .

14 -Wafa Ashoor Damnan .

15 -Yara Ausama Al-Hamamsy .

Page

No.ContentsNo.

IIAcknowledgment1

IIIAbstract ( English )2

IVAbstract ( Arabic )3

1Introduction4

3Objectives5

4Materials and Methods6

9Results7

13Discussion8

18Conclusion9

19Recommendations10

20References11

23Tables & Graphs12

31Index (Questionnaire) 13

I

Praise be to Allah the Almighty, and thanks always and ever be to him for all

blessings and Mercy.

At the beginning we express our deep thanks to our faculty for its encouragement and

facilities and for the chance offered to achieve this study.

We are heart fully thankful to our supervisor:

Prof.Dr. Khalid Awad Ba-Shraheel

Who has exerted a great effort to encourage, support and guide us from the initial to

the final steps in our study, enabling us to develop an understanding of the subject to

do this project perfectly.

Deep gratitude is conveyed to all community department members for their help,

great work and assistance given to us in various ways at all time to achieve this study.

Also; we would like to thanks' all blood banks members for their kind support

and cooperation to complete our study.

We meantime our respects and sincere thank to those persons who contributed to our

study for their participation and cooperation to make our work easy.

II

Background: Blood donation is an act that can save the lives of thousands of People

worldwide. The information so obtained could be helpful in developing positive attitude

towards blood donation.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice toward blood

donation among the men attending the Governmental Blood Banks in Al-Mukalla City

between 2009-2010.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from November 2009

to March 2010 ,and targeted(425)Yemeni men attending the Governmental Blood Banks in

Al-Mukalla City ,using a specially structural questionnaire.

Result: The majority of men(92.2%) have heard about blood donation. About(65.3%) of men

showed a favorable attitude towards blood donation importance .The practice of blood

donation among men represent about(63.5%).Not being asked to donate were the common

reason for un donating blood among non donors.

Conclusion: In general , The study reveals acceptable knowledge , practice and attitude

towards blood donation.

III

البشر الخلفية: من اآلالف حيات على الحفاظ خالله من يمكن عمل يعتبر بالدم التبرع

. قد بالدم التبرع بموضوع الوعي مستوى عن دراسة إجراء إن العالم أنحاء مختلف في

. بالدم التبرع نحو إيجابية اتجاهات خلق على يساعد

التبرع الهدف: تجاه الرجال وآراء واتجاهات وعي تقييم هو الدراسة هذه من الهدف إن

المكال . مدينة في بالدم

نوفمبر الطريقة: من الفترة في تنفيذها تم مقطعية وصفية دراسة إلى 2008هذه

استهدفت )2010مارس الدم( 425وقد بنوك إلى يتجهون اللذين الرجال من يمنيا رجال

. للمتبرعين كمرافقين أو كمتبرعين

)النتائج: الرجال من الغالبية أن الدراسة نتائج بموضوع%( 92.2أشارت سمعوا قد

( . أن الدراسة أظهرت كما بالدم .65.3التبرع بالدم%( التبرع بأهمية ون Oيقر الرجال من

( أن النتائج أشارت . 63.5كذلك أغلب%( أن واتضح بالدم التبرع يمارسون الرجال من

منهم . ذلك طلب عدم بالدم؛هو البعض تبرع لعدم األسباب

وسلوكا الخالصة: معارف يملكون كانوا الرجال أن البحث نتائج أظهرت عامة بصورة

بالدم . التبرع حول مقبوال واتجاها

Blood is the familiar red fluid in the body that contains white and red blood

cells, platelets, proteins, and other elements. The blood is transported throughout the

body by the circulatory system. Blood functions in two directions: arterial and venous.

Arterial blood is the means by which oxygen and nutrients are transported to tissues

while venous blood is the means by which carbon dioxide and metabolic by-products

are transported to the lungs and kidneys, respectively, for removal from the body. We

have )5-6( liters of blood flowing through our body.)1(

Donating blood is an act that can save the lives of thousands of people

worldwide.)2( The donated blood undergoes tests for blood grouping, tests for

infections like hepatitis, AIDS, malaria and syphilis. Before it is given to the

receipient, it undergoes the compatibility test.)3( Only )350 -450( ml of blood is

collected from donors. This quantity is usually restored in )5-8( weeks therefore, we

can donate blood every three months.)1(

Blood donors fall into 3 types, voluntary, replacement and paid donors.

Voluntary non-remunerated blood donor is a person who gives blood and receives no

payment for it, either in the form of cash, or in any kind that could be considered a

substitute for money. A replacement donor is also a non-remunerated donor who

IV

donates blood for a particular patient in an emergency. Replacement donors are

usually family members, colleagues or friends of the concerned patient. Paid or

professional donor receives monetary payment for blood donation. It is well

established that replacement and paid donors have a higher incidence and prevalence

of transfusion-transmitted infections in the recipients.)4(

Donors who give blood voluntarily have the lowest prevalence of HIV,

hepatitis viruses and other blood-borne infections, as compared to people who donate

for family members or in lieu of payment. Sufficient supplies of safe blood can only

be assured by regular donations from voluntary unpaid donors.)5(

In developing countries around 50% of blood donations are made by either

direct or paid donors.)6( In addition, in Saudi Arabia most of blood donors are direct

donors instead of volunteer donors, paid donors, or autologous donors.)7( Therefore,

attitude, beliefs and level of knowledge associated with blood donation may

discourage donors from giving blood. )8( In India, about 3million units are collected

annually against the requirement of 7million per population of nine million.)9(

There are fears that blood donation will leave us deficient and thin. It is just a

myth and the fact is just opposite.  Blood donation is actually healthy for us. It ensures

fresh blood production within our body and the donated blood is recovered within a

short period of time.)10(

Health benefits of donating blood reduce the chance of heart diseases; enhance

the production of new red blood cells, helps in fighting hemochromitosis & burns

calories.)11(

So our study aim is to clear the misconception, beliefs, attitude and fears about

blood donation.The information so obtained could be helpful in developing

appropriate messages to be used during recruitment campaigns, creating and

strengthening positive attitudes towards blood donation. )12(

General objective:

To assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards blood donation among

the men attending the Governmental Blood Banks in Al-Mukalla city.

Specific objectives:

To assess the knowledge about blood donation among the men attending

Blood Banks.

To identify the sources of knowledge about blood donation among the men

attending Blood Banks.

To determine attitude toward blood donation among the men attending Blood

Banks.

To assess the practice of blood donation among the men attending Blood

Banks.

To clarify the reasons behind not donating blood among the men attending

Blood Banks.

2

Study Design:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed by group of a fourth

year medical students for assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards

blood donation among the men attending the Governmental Blood Banks in

Al-Mukalla city.

It was conducted from November 2009 to March 2010 , among the men attending

the governmental blood banks in Al-Mukalla city.

Study Area & Population:

The study was carried out in Al-Mukalla city )the capital city of Hadramout

governorate( . the study population of men attending the Governmental Blood Banks

for blood donation or facilitation of blood donation in Ibin-Sina Teaching

hospital ,Hadramout Pediatric hospital & Maternal and Children hospital )MCH( .

Sample Size:

The needed sample size of this study was calculated by using the single

proportion

3

formula : Size of the sample (n) = pqZ2 /(e)2

based on the following indicators :

(n) = Required sample size, (z) = 1.96 )at confidence interval

95%(, (P) = was assuming to be )50%( , (q) = 1-p =50%,

(e) = Acceptable error = 5%.

So, the sample size = 384 men available in blood banks .

n= 50×(100-50) ×(1.96)2 /(5)2=384 men.

The 10% was added to overcome the refusal of men ; so it turned out to be 425.

Sampling Method:

At first we collected the sample from the three banks for one week ,to determine

the number of men that will collected from each bank proportionally ,and to be as a

pre- test to the questionnaire.

The sample was divided proportionally between the three banks as the following :

In Ibin-Sina Teaching hospital it represents about 57% =)242( men.

In Haduramout Pediatric hospital it represents about 20% =)85(men.

In Al-Mukalla Teaching hospital it represents about 23%=)98(men.

It was clear that Ibin-Sina Teaching hospital bank has the highest proportion and

that because it receives blood donors and sends the donated blood for several

departments of the hospital if compared with the others.

The sample was chosen by non-probability convenient sampling selection.

Inclusive Criteria:

1- Yemeni men.

2- Men aged between )17 – 65( years .

4

Exclusive Criteria:

1- women were excluded because they rarely donate blood , there was only One

woman had donated blood in 2009 compared with ) 2738( men according to

blood bank registery at Ibin-Sina Teaching hospital. Recently at Hadramout

Pediatric Hospital there were three women come to blood bank for blood

donation .The bank accepted the donation of one and rejected the blood

donation

of the other two because they were anemic . So they might not be available at

the time of the study .

2- Men younger than 17 years and older than 65years.

3- Men who are not from Yemen.

Data Collection Procedures & Methods :

The data were collected from men who attended the blood bank by structured

questionnaire which was limited to a brief series of questions to encourage

participation in the

study .

The data were collected from targeted individuals by trained fourth year medical

students. An introduction and briefing on the study was done to the chosen individuals

with quick assessment to check that the responding met all the exclusion and

inclusion

criteria .

To ensure the accuracy of data, the responding individuals were interviewed face

to face after taking oral consent to participate in the study, also the data were collected

by ourselves and without the participation of the blood bank members to avoid errors

5

and inaccuracy .

The questionnaire was pre-tested on a convenient sample of men attended the

three

blood banks for one week, so this resulted in the elimination of some questions &

others

were modified due to obscurity of it. The questionnaire was consisted of five sections

& each section contains a number of Questions:

The first section: About identification data :)name, age, residence, occupation,

educational level & marital status(.

The second section: Regarding men's Knowledge about Blood Donation. It consists

of questions concerning information about the following : )importance and medical

uses of the donated blood ,donor characters, persons who cannot donate blood & the

effect of blood donation on the donor( aimed at collecting information on men's

knowledge about blood donation.

The third section: cites the sources of knowledge about blood donation.

The fourth section: Aimed collecting information about men's attitude towards blood

donation.

The fifth section: Aimed to collect information about practice of blood donation

among the men , reasons for donating blood if they were donors and reasons beyond

not donating blood.

) For more information see index(.

At the end of the interview , the questionnaire was checked to ensure that all the

required questions were answered and completed.

The collected data was assessed , after been coded to facilitate its analysis &

entry to the computer.

6

A publication )prism( was published by us to be circulated to

hospitals ,secondary schools and universities .It consisted of information about the

importance of blood donation , persons who can't donate blood, donor characters,

benefit of blood donation and the effect of blood donation, and we did that after

taking permission from our college and the blood bank manager.

Statistical Methods:

To ensure the accuracy of data processing, the data were analyzed by using

statistical package for social sciences software program )SPSS, version 14(

Categorical variables were described by using frequency distribution, percentage ,

mean and standard deviation for men's variable age. Data were presented in tables and

graphs by using computer application of Microsoft Office 2007 )word and excel( .

Ethical Considerations:

The study proposal was evaluated by the family of the community medicine

department , and who gave us the permission to start the study. where a hand written

consent was obtained from our college.

Our study started after taking an oral consent from the blood banks managers.

The prism was reviewed by several doctors & by the administrator of the

laboratories to ensure the accuracy of data.

An oral consent from all the participants in the study was taken & we

explained to them the purpose of the study .

We have dealt with the participants with respect and gentleness , and we

thankedthem for their cooperation with us .

Also we behaved respectfully with the highly busy condition of the blood

banks and we avoided causing crowding in the place .

7

Socio-demographic characteristic of respondents:

The study was performed at Al-Mukalla city Governmental Blood Banks, at period of

time November 2009to March 2010 , it involved 425 men with age range between

) 17-65( years, classified according to age into three groups: first one is )17 -32(years

involving 277 men ,the second )33 – 48( years of 124 men , the third )49-65( years of

24 men.

The mean age of respondents was ) 31 ( years and the range was between

)17-65( years, the median and mode were )31( years and the standard deviation was

) ±9.6(.

The men categorized into donor 63.5% )n=270( and non-donor 36.5%

)n=155(, where classifies according to age groups showing the most donors fall in

this age range )17-32(years .

The educational level of the respondents who have high school and above

represent 67.3% )n=286(, where form donors group 71.9% , on other side 32.7%

8

)n=139( represents the respondent who have elementary school and less , so from total

donor 28.1% only.

The marital status classification was 55.1% )n= 234( of respondents were

married in donors group form 67.8%, while 44.9% )n=191( were single and in donors

group form 32.2%.

In Occupational classification the respondents job varied between private

business 41.8% )n=178(, governmental employment 30.6% )n=130( and un employed

27.6% )n=117( ,that represented as )38.1%(, )45.6%( and )16.3%( in donors group

respectively .

The classification according to residence 315 from city and 110 from

village , showing that most of donors were from cities )75.9%( , and )24.1%( were

from villages )table 1(.

Blood Donation:

The study show that the majority of the respondents were those who heard

about blood donors and represented by )92.2%(, while )7.8%( had no clue about blood

donation )table 2(.

Almost half of those who heard about blood donation said that the mass

media and mosques were the main sources of knowledge regarding to blood donors

which represented by )55.5% and 50.8%( respectively, followed by health center

)44.0%( )graph 1(.

Regarding those who heard about blood donation ,)49.5%( found that donated

blood was an important requirement in all surgical operations, while the others

disagree with them )30.1%( )table 3(.

9

The findings revealed that knowing about certain requirements that should be

obtained in the donor, among those whom heard about blood donation was

remarkably good )79.84%( and )20.2%( of respondent didn’t know about any

requirements )table 4(.

Regard the )313( whom estimate that there were certainty requirement should

be available in the donor :

Concerning the suitable weight for the donor, 50 kg and more is the most

suitable weight for the donor regarding to )58.8%( followed by 50 kg and less than 50

kg represented by )6.4%( and )9.9%( respectively,) 24.9%( didn’t know about it

)table 5(.

The maximum amount that can be taken from the donor is 500 ml in each

donation act according to )67.7%( of respondents, and )16.6%( had no idea about it

)table 6(.

Large portion of respondents )65.5%( found that the shortest interval between

two sequent blood donations is 6 months, while )3.8%( said one year )table 7(.

Anemia is the most known reason for blood donor rejection which

represented by )81.5%(, while woman gender was the least known reason )36.4%(

)graph 2(.

Also the findings revealed that knowing about side effects of blood donation

among those who heard about it, was low )26%( , comparing with those who didn’t

known about it )74%( )table 8(.

10

Convulsions is the most known side effect of blood donation )67.6%( , and

)7.8%( said that blood donation can cause infertility to the donator according to the

)102( men who mentioned the presence of side effects. )graph 3(

The attitude studied among those who heard about blood donation were

represented by )392( of total respondents : regarding to those who are familiar with

the importance of blood donation, )65. 3%( they agree with blood donation

importance, while )30.9%( disagree )table 9(.

Concerning their priority toward blood receivers, any person in need whom

deserve to receive blood )59.7%(, while )5.6( said that blood should be given in

exchange of money )table 10(.

Large portion of them )86.7%( agree with the importance of the investigations

that done on the blood donors )table 11(.

Blood donation considered as Charity work for )78.3%( of them, and good for

donor health, and those who say no benefit represented )23.5%( and )9.7%(

respectively )table12(.

More than half of total respondents of the study )63.5%( experienced blood

donation, while the others did not )36.5%( )table 13(.

Great portion of those who donated their blood )40.4%( experienced blood

donation three times and more, followed by twice and once )32.6%( and )27.03%(

respectively )graph 4(.

The main cause for donating blood is helping any person in need and asked for

it among respondents whom experienced blood donation)78.5%( , while )4.5%( said

that money is the reason )graph 5(.

11

Regarding the reasons of respondents who didn’t experience blood donation,

)56.1%( said that no one asked them to donate blood, while )5.8%( said that their

fearing from donation’s side effect is their main reason )table 14(.

The Establishment of modern medical facilities has been accompanied by a

simultaneous and marked increase in the requirement of blood and its products .

Decision making has been investigated worldwide to understand the process

better and limiting deficiency of blood in Blood Banks, and similar to other Arabic

study we made our study to give general impression of this topic in our city.

This study shows that majority of the participants )63.5%( to be a donors, on

the contrary a study done in Saudi Arabia , showed that the majority of the

participants )65,84%( were non donors ,the majority of the them)81.7%( were

between the age 15-30 years.)6(In our study the majority of donors were at age of 17-

32 years old , who were married, from city, self – employed and at high school level

and above .Comparable observation were also found among the population in

Sikkim, India about behavior disparities toward blood donation with a total 300

participants )12.7%( had donated blood .these donors mostly educated, employed ,

married , from high income group. )13(

And this considered to a detect a relation between education level ,

residence , occupation , material status and the knowledge toward blood donation as

we found in our study.

12

The majority of our respondents including donors and non donors )92,2%( had

heard about blood donation, and this is similar to other study done in Palestine in

which most of donors had heard about blood donation .)14(

Most of our respondents heard about blood donation from mass media

)55.5%( ,while )50.8%( from mosques and )44%( from health centers in comparison

with other study,while showed that )86,9%( obtained information from relatives,

friends, and blood bank staff. )4( Other report stated that the source of information was

from relatives ,friends and mass media.)14( Regarding Saudi Arabia study , the

majority of the participants acquired their information from daily news papers and TV

compared to )14.77%( who used the internet as the source of information.)6(

Therefore the number of educational programs on blood donation and blood

transfusion should be expanded and transmitted via various media including the

intranet.

Such programs should aim to encourage healthy people and their family members and

friends to donate blood as often as possible to make sure blood is available for all

patients in need. Further ,the public should know that all measures besides screening

test are implemented by blood banks to ensure that blood donation is safe for the

donors and blood transfusion is safe for the recipients'.

In our research we found that )45.6% ( of the respondents who heard about

blood donation believed that the donated blood is essential to all surgical

operation ,similarly another study showed that about )38.9%( of the respondents

believed the same thing )15(, in comparison to other study, that showed about )17.4%(

believed that all surgical procedures require blood donation. )6(

In our study )313( believed that certain requirement should be available in the

donors , )58.8%( from them were with the opinion that the donor should be of

13

weight more than 50kg . in contrast to other study that showed the majority of the

respondents were of the opinion that the donor should be more than 70 kg.)4(

In response to the question what is the maximum amount of the blood that can

be taken in each donation , a good knowledge was estimated , as we found that

)67.7%( of the )313( respondents know that 500 ml is the maximum amount can be

taken , while other study showed that )73.2%( of non-donors did not known how

much of blood is taken in each donation ,in our study only )16.6%( of the respondents

do not know.)4(

The blood donation are permitted every 56 days as shortest interval . )4( In our

study )65.5%( were of the opinion that they can donate blood after 6 months , and

)16.6%( after 3months , in opposite to other study which showed )88%( donors were

of the opinion that they can donate blood after 3 months but )51%( of non-donors

thought that once can donate blood once a year )4( .This study differ from our study

as we found that only )3.8%( of the respondents were of the opinion that blood can be

donated only once a year.

Majority of men who heard about blood donation )74%( think that blood

donation is safe with no side effects of it , and this supported by other study done in

lima-Peru that showed )72,6%( believe that blood donation is safe and no side effects.

)15( In opposite direction , other study was done in Mwabatho showed that blood

donation was healthy risk or they were uncertain if donating blood was safe and the

study recommended that the public appeals for blood donors should include

information to dispel myths about dangers of blood donation , this difference from our

study may be related to the difference in the sample.)14()16( .In fact blood donation

may cause potential short term side effects )17(,the present study has shown that

convulsions and fit ,anemia, where possible side effects with )67.6%(,)42,1%(

14

respectively. As other study found the same result, and as it is virtually impossible to

contract diseases from donating blood especially if only sterile ,disposable equipment

used )17(, our study showed that )59%( of the participants think that transmission of

the diseases is not a side effect of this process , and this is considered to detect good

knowledge in this topic, in comparison with other study done in Saudi Arabia showed

that )11.5%( believed that blood donation is harmful because of transmitting of

diseases.)6(

In the present study , majority of the respondents who heard about blood

donation )392( were )65.3%( of them with the opinion that blood donation is

important and this supported by other study done in Greek ,that showed the majority

of the respondents )71.6%( were donors believe that blood donation is important

contribution, and this is consider to detect an association between history of donation

and good attitude.)18(

Our study showed that )59.7%( from the )392( were willing to donate to any

person deserve as one in need , and without any money )92.1%( and this reflect an

acceptable attitude, in other hand a Saudia study show No blood donor agreed to the

payment of money for blood donation. )4( As about )78,3%( of them believed that

voluntary blood donation is charity work, where )9.7%( and this was supported by

other study were )69( of the respondents who showed positive attitude toward blood

donation ,indicated blood donation as an individual duty to the community , )26%( as

charitable contribution. )16(

Regarding the practice of blood donation , the person can donate blood every

three months , in our study )40.4%( of the donors donate blood more than three time

)32.6%(,)27.03%( for two and one time respectively from )270( whom experienced

blood donation ,in comparison with other study )50%( for two times ,)12%( for three

or more )15(,with opposite to other study that showed large proportion of people donate

blood less than one time . )4(

Regarding reasons for donation of blood )78.5% ( donating blood for any one

in need and ask for it ,and )58.5%(,)23%( donated blood for relative and voluntary

respectively , while only )4.5%( will donating blood in exchange with money ,in

comparison with other studies in comparison with other studies that showed that most

of the people donate to their family. )4,14(

Several factors have been put forward for not donating blood , in this study not

being asked to donate was found to be the commonest reason for not donating blood

and represent )56.1%( of total respondents , the same result was found in other study

)4(,)6( ,in opposite direction with other study that showed about )51,60 %( do not donate

due to a healthy problem. )16(

Study limitation:

The study was done as part of community medicine research study in faculty

of medicine ,Hadramout University Of Sciences and Technology AL-

Mukalla ,Yemen.

The time made a heavy challenge in limiting the study expanding .

The study was limited on men due to social difficulties and general health

considerations which exclude women from this procedure.

16

1( The study show that the majority of respondents heard about blood donation

)92.2%( .

2( The study revealed that mass media and mosques were the most common

sources of hearing about blood donation and represent about ) 55.5%(,)50.8%(

respectively.

3( The study shows that )65.3%( of men who heard about blood donation agree

with the blood donation importance.

4( In this study we found that )78.3%( of men who were familiar with blood

donation ,considered blood donation as charity work.

5( The study shows that )63.5%( of total respondents experienced blood donation

while )40.4%( of them donating blood three time and more, and )36.5%( don’t

experience it.

6( The study revealed that the main reason for not donating blood among non

donors was because no one asked them to do .

17

Based on the results of this study ,the following recommendations are made:

1( Health education regarding blood donation is recommended for all

population .

2( More effective activities regarding blood donation education should

include use of health centers and educational facilities in addition to mass

media and mosques . These activities can help identify and correct the

misconception about blood donation .

3( More explanation to the public about the safety of blood donation and its

importance with clarifying the requested group type of blood that is not

available all the time.

4( More activation of the international day of blood donation with more

activities and participations to increase the awareness about blood

donation .

5( Further surveys and studies regarding blood donation should be carried out

in other geographic location in Yemen to have better comprehensive

understanding of blood donation situation in Yemen.

18

6( Healthy and positive attitude toward blood donation should be encouraged

among the population .

1( Medicine Net.com . definition of blood . )online(:

www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp. accessed at 25 april 2010.

2( World Health Organization)WHO(; Department of Essential Health Technologies.

World blood donor day celebrating you gift of blood . 2006 June 14. Available at:

http://www.who.int/world blood donor day . Accessed at may 21,2010.

3(World Health Organization )WHO(., Blood safety and clinical technology

progress 2000 - 2001. )online(: www.who.int/bct. Accessed at 10 may 2010.    

4( Maqbool Alam, Baurhan El-Din masalmeh. Knowledge, attitude and practices

regarding blood donation among the Saudi population . Saudi Medical Journal online.

2004; vol.25 no.)1(, pages)318-321(.

5( World Health Organization )WHO(. Global blood safety and availability. )online(:

www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets. Accessed at 29April,2010.

6( Abdul Majeed Al-Drees. Attitude, belief and knowledge about blood donation and

transfusion in Saudi population. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. Jan-March

2008;.24 )1(:74-79

19

7.(. Gader AMA, Momen AK and Hashash AJ. King Saud University Donor Drive: a

creative stimulus on the way to a Saudi National Blood transfusion Service. Ann

Saudi Med .1988; 8:403.

8( Bashawri LA. Pattern of blood procurement, ordering and utilization in a

University Hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2002;23 )5( :555-61.

9( World Health Organization )WHO(. Quality assurance in blood transfusion

services in SERO countries . )online(: www.searo.who.int/en . Accessed at 10 may

2010.

10( Dr.P.Elayaraja. Importance of Blood donation one donor can save many lives.

)online(: www.Socyberty.com, accessed at 3 Feb 2010.

11( Ankita. Health benefits of donating blood .)online(: www.Sankalpindia.net .

accessed at 3 Feb 2010.

12( Moore RJ. Promoting blood donation: a study of the social profile, attitude,

motivation and experience of donors. Transfus Med. 1991 Dec; 1)4(: 201-207.

13( N.Shenga , R.Pal & S.Senguta. Behavior disparities towards blood donation in

Sikkim, India. Asian Journal of transfusion science. 2008;2 )2( :56-60.

14( Palestinian central Bureau of statistics. Qualitative study: Knowledge, attitudes &

trends of the Palestinian community about blood donation. )online(:

www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/pressRelease/blood.pdf. Accessed at 29 April2010.

20

15( Lilia linares MD. Voluntary blood donation :factors that influence in the donation

of blood in college students &lima – Perú . )online(:

www.apha.confex.com/apha/135am. Accessed at 29 April 2010.

16( Rauabir pal. . Correlates of voluntary blood donation among people in a hill

capital in India . Dep. Of community medicine Sikkim- munipal institute of medical

sciences. 2009;3 )2(: 167-174.

17( St.Jude. What are the risks and possible side effects of donating blood or blood

products. )online(:www.alsac.stjude.com .Accessed at 29 April 2010.

18( O Marantidou, L Loukopoulou, E Zervou, G Marinis, A Egglezou, p Fountouil, P

Dimoxenous, M Parara , M Gavalati and A Maniatis. Factors that motivate and hinder

blood donation Greece, . Transfusion Medicine )Oxford , England(. Dec. 2007;

17)6( : 443-450.

21

Table No. (1): Distribution of target men according to their practice of blood

donation in relation to their socio-demographic characteristic ,in blood banks of

AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Age group

Characteristic

Donor(270 = 63.5%)

Non-donor(155 = 36.5%)

Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

17-32 165 61.1 112 72.3 277 65.233-48 88 32.6 36 23.2 124 29.249-65 17 6.3 7 4.5 24 5.6

ResidenceCity 205 75.9 110 70.9 315 74.1

Village 65 24.1 45 29.0 110 25.9

Occupation

Governmental employ

123 45.6 7 4.5 130 30.6

private business 103 38.1 75 48.4 178 41.8

Un-employ(Looking for a job-

Retired-Student)44 16.3 73 47.1 117 27.6

Educational level

Elementary school & less

76 28.1 63 40.6 139 32.7

High school & above

194 71.9 92 59.4 286 67.3

Marital statusMarried 183 67.8 51 32.9 234 55.1

Single 87 32.2 104 67.1 191 44.9

22

Table No. (2): Distribution of target men according to hearing about Blood Donation

in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Hearing about Blood Donation

Yes No Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

39292.2

33 7.8 425 100

Graph No. (1): Distribution of target men according to sources of information

regarding to Blood donation in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

neC htlaeH -retaideM ssaM

& loohcSegelloC euqsoM

& ylimaFsevitaleR

%0

%01

%02

%03

%04

%05

%06

%00.44

%05.55

%04.33

%08.05

%01.34

*It is permissible by more than one answer for the question.

Table No. (3): Distribution of target men according to the usage of donated blood as a

necessary measure in all surgical operations, in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city

2009-2010.

23

Usage of donated blood as important

measure in all surgical operation

Yes No Don’t know Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %194 49.5 118 30.1 80 20.4 392 100

Table No. (4): Distribution of target men according to knowing about requirements

that should be obtain in blood donators ,in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city

2009-2010.

knowledge about certain requirements

Yes No Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

313 79.84 79 20.2 392 100

Table No. (5): Distribution of target men according to knowing about the suitable

weight of blood donators, in blood banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Suitable weight

50 kgLess than 50

kgMore than 50

kgDon’t know Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

20 6.4 31 9.9 184 58.8 78 24.9 313 100

Table No. (6):Distribution of target men according to knowing about the maximum

amount of the blood that can be taken from donor in each donation act , in Blood

Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Amount of 250 ml 500 ml More than Don’t know Total

24

blood )in bags(

500 mlFreq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

18 5.8 212 67.7 31 9.9 52 16.6 313 100

Table No. (7): Distribution of target men according to knowing about the shortest

interval between two blood donations ,in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010

Shortest interval

3 months 6 months 1 year Don’t know Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %52 16.6 205 65.5 12 3.8 44 14.1 313 100

Graph No. (2) : Distribution of target men according to Knowing about reasons of

rejecting the donators in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

25

* It is permissible by more than one answer for the question.

Table No. (8): Distribution of target men according to knowing about side effects of

blood donation in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

knowledge about side effects of blood

donation

Yes No Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

102 26 290 74 392 100

Graph No. (3): Distribution of target men regarding their beliefs about side effects

of blood donation, in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

anemia

hyperte

nion D.M

Women

AIDS

hepatitis

syphilis

malaria

alcohol

drug use

r

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9081.5

49.255

36.4

78.3 79.8

66.8

50.8

40.9 44.7

المبيعات

26

0010203040506070809

6.915.72

83

5.22

1.24

6.76

8.7

5.676.96

95

5.57

9.55

4.03

3.58

9.3 9.2 9.2 2 2 2 9.6

seY oN

t'noDwonk

* It is permissible by more than one answer for the question.

Table No. (9): Distribution of target men regarding their attitude toward importance

of blood donation in general ,in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Importance of blood donation

Agree Disagree Not Decide Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

256 65.3 121 30.9 15 3.8 392 100

Table No. (10): Distribution of target men regarding their priority toward blood

receivers ,in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Priority of blood

receivers

Agree Don’t agree Not Decide Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

Just forRelatives

138 35.2 246 62.8 8 2.04 392 100

Any person in need for

blood234 59.7 142 36.2 16 4.1 392 100

Just forMoney

22 5.6 361 92.1 9 2.3 392 100

27

Table No. (11): Distribution of target men according to their attitude toward the

importance of testing donator’s blood before donation , in Blood Banks of

AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Blood investigation importance

Agree Disagree Not Decide Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %340 86.7 46 11.8 6 1.5 392 100

Table No. (12): Distribution of target men regarding their attitude toward voluntary

blood donation ,in Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Voluntary blood donation Freq. %Good for health 92 23.5

Charity work 307 78.3Not important 38 9.7

* It is permissible by more than one answer for the question.

Table No. (13): distribution of target men regarding practice of blood donation ,in

Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Donating blood )practice(

Yes No Total

Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %

270 63.5 155 36.5 425 100

28

Graph No. (4): distribution of target men regarding frequency of donating blood, in

Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

30.72

6.23

4.04

ecnOeciwT

eroM & eerht

Graph No. (5): distribution of target men according to reasons for donating blood ,in

Blood Banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010. 29

doolb ot yratnuloVknab

ni enoyna roFti rof ksa & deen

ni evitaler a roFdeen

ynom roF%0

%01

%02

%03

%04

%05

%06

%07

%08

%00.32

%05.87

%05.85

%05.4

*It is permissible by more than one answer for the question.

Table No. (14): distribution of respondents regarding the causes of not donating

blood , in blood banks of AL-Mukalla city 2009-2010.

Reasons for refusing blood donation

Frequency %

Don’t want to 45 29No one asked for it 87 56.1

Fear from the side effects 9 5.8Your condition doesn’t match the

requirements21 13.5

Blood bank is hard to reach 24 15.5Your health weakness 27 17.4

Fear from lack of experience of blood bank workers

15 9.7

*It is permissible by more than one answer for the question.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم30

كلية الطب والعلوم الصحية

الرقم التسلسلي :........

) الميدانية) للبحوث المجتمع طب قسم

دراسة عن مستوى وعي واتجاهات وآراء الرجال حول موضوع التبرع بالدم,على الرجال المتواجدين في بنك الدم بمستشفى

(م.2010-2009)......................(في مدينة المكال)

بركاته الله ورحمة عليكم السالم

. كل والتكنولوجيا للعلوم حضرموت بجامعة الرابع بالمستوى الطب كلية طلبات من مجموعة نحنطوعية , مشاركتكم بأن علما االستبيان أسئلة على واإلجابة معنا التعاون هو منكم نرجوه ما

سرية . المعلومات وبقاء خصوصيتكم حفظ مع إجبارية وليست

معنا والتجاوب التعاون حسن ل�كم شاكرين : الشخصية البيانات الأول القسم

االسم: ................................ (12) ............................... : العمر 3). . : قرية مدينة اإلقامة مكان4). . : خاص قطاع موظف حكومي موظف العمل

تبحث . . طالب متقاعدعمل عن

5). .) ( : ويكتب يقرأ يكتب وال يقرأ ال أمي التعليمي المستوىأساسي .

. فوق . وما جامعي ثانوي

6) . . : متزوج أعزب الجتماعية الحالة

.) ( . زوجتك توفيت أرمل مطلق

-: بالدم التبرع حول المعرفة الثاني القسملا . (1 نعم ؟ قبل من بالدم التبرع موضوع عن سمعت أن سبق هل

اليمنية الجمهورية

للعلوم حضرموت جامعةوالتكنولوجيا

)استبــيـــــــــــــــــ

(ــــان

) ( ) ( الرابع- القسم إلى مباشرة انتقل لا ب الإجابة كانت إذا ) ( التالية- الأسئلة عن أجب رجاء نعم ب الإجابة كانت :وإذا

الجراحية؟ (2 العمليات جميع في ملحة ضرورة يعتبر هل. . اعلم . لا لا نعم

؟ (3 بالدم المتبرع في توافرها يجب بالدم للتبرع شروط هناك هل . لا . نعم

4) : � المتبرع . 50وزن من أقل كيلوجرام . 50كيلوجراممن . أكثر أعلم . 50لا كيلوجرام

المتبرع : (5 من سحبها يمكن كمية اكبر هي ( . 250ما كيس ) نص (.500مل كيس ) مل

من .500أكثر . أعلم لا مل6): آخر و تبرع كل بين مدة اقصر

.أشهر. 6أشهر. 3 اعلم. لا سنه7): هم بالدم التبرع يمكنهم لا اللذين الأشخاص

. . . . أعلم- لا لا نعم الضغط أمراض من يعانون اللذين

. . أعلم - . . لا لا نعم الدم بفقر المصابون. . . . أعلم - لا لا نعم الوبائي ال�كبد بالتهاب المصابون

. . أعلم - . . لا لا نعم والخمر ال�كحول معاقرين. . اعلم - . . لا لا نعم بالايدز المصابين

. . أعلم- . . لا لا نعم النساء

؟ (8 المتبرع على بالدم للتبرع آثار هناك هل . لا . نعم

؟ (9 بالدم التبرع يسببها قد التي الآثار هي ما. . أعلم- . لا لا نعم والإغماء التشنج

. . . لا - لا نعم الشديد والضعف الدم فقرأعلم.

. . أعلم- . . لا لا نعم المفاجئ الموت

...................... ملاحظة...............السؤال- ) على أجبت )3إذا ) ( رقم( السؤال إلى انتقل لا (8ب

: ) التالية - ) الأسئلة عن أجب رجاء بنعم أجبت إذا و

م¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸لاحظةالسؤال- ) على أجبت (8إذا ( ) الثالث( ) القسم إلى انتقل لا ب

: ) ( التالية- الأسئلة عن اجب رجاءا نعم ب أجبت وإذا

31

. . . لا - لا نعم خطيرة أمراض انتقالأعلم.

. . أعلم - . . لا لا نعم الوزن نقصان

القسم الثالث : مصادر معلوماتك

1)) ( : إجابة من أكثر اختيار يمكنك معرفتك مصادر هي ماالجامعة . . - . المدرسة الإعلام وسائل الصحي المركز

. . أخرى . مصادر والأقارب الأهل المسجد. بالدم :- التبرع من موقفك الرابع القسم

؟( 1 مهم بالدم التبرع هل . . . أوافق لا محايد أوافق

؟( 2 للأقارب فقط بالدم التبرع يكون أن من موقفك ما. . . أوافق لا محايد أوافق

؟( 3 ذلك يحتاج مريض لأي بالدم التبرع من رأيك ما. . . أوافق لا محايد أوافق

ذلك؟( 4 لقاء المال من مبلغ مقابل بالدم التبرع من رأيك ما. . . أوافق لا محايد أوافق

؟( 5 مهم أمر تبرعهم قبول قبل بالدم للمتبرعين الفحوصات إجراء أن على توافق هل . . . أوافق لا محايد أوافق

إجابة( : ) (6 من ب�أكثر يسمح التطوعي التبرع من موقفك مامهم . . . ليس إنساني عمل للصحة مفيد

. بالدم : التبرع من والموانع بالدم للتبرع العملي التطبيق الخامس القسم 1. لا( . نعم ؟ قبل من بالدم بالتبرع قمت هل

مرتين- : . . 1 مرة مسبقا بالدم تبرعت مرة أكثر . 3كم أو مراتإجابة : ) (-2 من بأكثر يسمح بالدم تبرعك سبب هو ما

.) تطوعي ) ذلك منك يطلب أن دون الدم لبنك تطوعاذلك . منك وطلب للدم احتاج لشخص

. لذلك احتاج وقد اقاربك لاحد. التبرع طالب لك دفعه المال من مبلغ مقابل

فاجب- قبل من بالدم بالتبرع قمت قد كنت إذاالتالية :- األسئلة عن

من- :- ) بأكثر يسمح التالية الأسباب لأحد بالدم تبرعك عدم كان فهل قبل من بالدم تتبرع لم كنت إذاإجابة (

32

والانشغال . . الوصول صعوبة الرغبة عدم

الصحية . . حالتك بضعف علمك ذلك منك يطلب لم

. . الدم بنك في العاملين لدى الخáبرة قلة من خوفك بالدم التبرع ومضار أثار من الخوف

).... أدى ) : مما و والعمر الوزن مثل المتبرع لدى توفرها اللازم الشروط مع حالتك تطابق لعدملتبرعك . البنك رفض إلى

الأسئ�ل¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸ة .......... ..........انــت¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸هـــــــت

33