karbipaksaelivis½yÉkcn elx 23sokly.yolasite.com/resources/breach+of+trust+in+cambodia... · 2011....

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karBiPakSaelIvis½yÉkCn

elx 23erOgkþIGMBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþerOgkþIGMBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

karGnuvtþn_edayminRtwmRtUv nig\T§iBl rbs;vamkelIesdækic©km

esckþIEføgGMNrKuN 5

xøwmsarsegçb 9

CMBUk 1³ esckþIepþIm 15

1> eKalbMNgénkarsikSa 15

2> GVIeTACakarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ 15

3> ehtuGVI)anCaRbeTskm ehtuEdleFVIeGaykarGnuvtþn_maRtasþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

køayeTACabBaðaecaTmYy enAkñúgRbeTskm FatupSMrbs;bTRBhµTNÐénkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ 21

2> FatupSMsMPar³énkarrMelaPesckþITukcitþ 23

3> FatupSMEpñksti - ectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ 26

4> RkmRBhµTNÐfµI 28

CMBUk 3³ karGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUv énmaRtasþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

enAkñúgRbeTskm karGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUvénmaRtasþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

KWCabBaðaecaTmYy 31

2> karGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUvénmaRtasþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ³

mUlehtu nigrebobRbRBwtþeTArbs;va 32CMBUk 4³ erOgkþIminRtwmRtUvénkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ eFVIeGay

esdækic©km

5

karBiPakSaelIvis½yÉkCn elx 23

esckþIEføgGMNrKuN

r)aykarN_BiPakSaelIvis½yÉkCn GMBIkarGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUvnUvbBaØtþic,ab;sþIGMBI

karrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþénRkmRBhµTNÐGnþrkalrbs;km


kmµviFIGPivDÆn_vis½yÉkCntMbn;TenøemKgÁ

6

elakeha sunafmRnþIGnuvtþn_KMeragrbs;IFC MPDFCaGñkTTYlxusRtUvrYmelI

karsikSa nigcgRkgr)aykarN_edaymankarENnaMBI elakRsI Trang Nguyen nig

elak Charles Schneider. elak Stuart Ford CaGñksresrr)aykarN_enH

edaymankarCYyeRCamERCgy:ageRcInBIelak Dugald Richards nigkBaØa Anita

Surewics.

elakRsI Ann Bishop )anCYyBinitü nigEks®mYlBaküeBcn_+kñúgr)aykarN_

enH. elak Kg; vNÑariT§ )anbkERbGtßbTCaPasaExµr edayman elak Tu XI elak

rs; exmra nigelak GuWg suPal½kS CaGñkCYyEksRmÜl. elak RsI Ka Kn§a

CaGñkTTYlxusRtUvelIkarerobcMr)aykarN_kñúgkuMBÚüT½r. elakRsI tan; tUnI )anpþl;karKaMRT

xagEpñkrdæ)al.

9


1karviPaKbec©keTsEpñkc,ab;GMBIbTelµIsénkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþedayGñkc,ab;km



10

ectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIs KWCaFatupSMcaM)ac;énbTelµIsénkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ.

CnCab;ecaT RtUvEtmanectnaeFVIGMeBIenH nigRtUvEtdwgfaGVIEdlKat;eFVICaGMeBIxus. vaminGac

CakMhusb¤PaBécdnümYyenaHeT.

erOgkþIIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþenARbeTskm

erOgkþIGMBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

11


\T§iBlesdækic©mkelIRbeTskm



12

K>e)aHBum sRmbsRmYlCamYyraCrdæaPi)al shKmn_GaCIvkmµ sgÁmsIuvil nigbNþaj

pSayB½t’manTaMgLay edIm,IBinitütamdankarGnuvtþn_kþIrMelaPelIesckþI

Tukcitþ

4> begáItynþkarsRmab;karraykarN_CaGnamikBIbuKÁliktulakarb¤nKr)alNa

EdlTaréføQñÜleRkApøÚvkar

5> kat;bnßykarXMuxøÜnmunkarCMnMuCMrHkþIedayecjesckþIENnaMkargarCapøÚvkarmYy

EdlBiBN’nay:agc,as;las;GMBIkrNIEdlRtUveRbIkarXMuxøÚnmunkarCMnMuCMrHkþI.

15


1>eKalbMNgénkarsikSa

shKmn_GaCIvkmµenAkm



16

manFatupSMsMPar³sMxan;TaMgenaHKW³

1> RTBüRtUvEt)aneKTukcitþRbKl;eTAeGayCnCab;ecaTTTYlxusRtUv

2> CnCab;ecaTRtUvEt)ansnüa fanwgsgRTBüenaHeTAeGaym©as;edImvij b¤mYy

eRbIR)as;vatameKaledAmYyEdl)ankMNt;Cak;lak;nig

3>CnCab;ecaTRtUvEt)anbM)at;b¤éKbnøMykRTBüeKtamry³karbdiesFminRBmsg

b¤min)aneRbIvatameKaledAEdl)anRBmeRBogKña.

edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa CnCab;ecaTmaneTasBIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ CnCab;ecaTmin

RtwmEt)anRbRBwtþGMeBIelµIs sMPar³TaMgLaydUcxagelIenaHeT CnenaHRtUvEtRbRBwtþGMeBIenaH

edaymanectnaelµIsc,ab;RBhµTNÐcg;éKbnøMykRTBüBIGñkdéTpgEdr.

3>ehtuGVI)anCaRbeTskm


17


GnþrCatisþIBIsiT§mnusSmkkñúgc,ab;Catirbs;km



18

sMrab;km


19


EdlKYrEtRtUv)anedaHRsayeRkamc,ab;rdæb,evNI CaCagc,ab;RBhµTNÐ. karGnuvtþn_Edl

ERbkøayerOgkþIrdæb,evNIeTACaerOgkþIRBhµTNÐKWCabBaðacm,gmYykñúgcMeNambBaðaFM²CaeRcIn

énkarGnuvtþn_maRta sþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþénRkmRBhµTNÐGnþrkal rbs;tulakar.

karEvkEjk[eXIjPaBxusKña rvagvivaTrdæb,evNI EdlekItecjBIkarxkxanmin)anbMeBj

krNIykic© nigvivaTEdlekItecjBIkarRbRBwtþEdlmanFatupSM énkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

enAEtCabBaðaEdlRtUvbBa¢ak;eGay)anc,as;las;. karRsaybMPøWGMBIc,ab;sþIBIkarrMelaPelI

esckþITukcitþnaeBlbc©úb,nñ nigkareFVIeGayRbesIreLIgénkarGnuvtþn_c,ab;enHGacnwgrYm

cMENky:agFMeFg kñúgkarbegáInCMenOcitþrbs;GñkvinieyaK nigpþl;GtßRbeyaCn_eRcInsMrab;

esdækic©©TaMgmUl.

{kareRbIR)as;minRtwmRtUvénbBaØtþisþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ)anCH\T§iBlGviC¢man

eTAelIGaCIvkmµ. va)anbg¥ak; GñkvinieyaKmineGaymkbNþak;TunvinieyaKenAkm

21


1>FatupSMrbs;bTRBhµTNÐénkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

bTelIµsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ manEcgenAkñúgmaRta 46 én{c,ab;RBhµTNÐ

Gnþrkal} Edl)anRBageLIgedayGaCJaFrbeNþaHGasnñshRbCaCatienAkm



22

ehIyPasaenAkñúgc,ab;RBhµTNÐ)araMgbc©úb,nñ manPaBgayyl;CagmunCaeRcIn. eKmin)an

dwgc,as;eTfa ehtuGVI)anCam®nþITaMgLay énGaCJaFrbeNþaHGasnñshRbCaCatienAkm


23


2>FatupSMsMPar³énkarrMelaPesckþITukcitþ

fVIebIPasaénmaRta 46 manPaBsµúKsµajxøaMgkþI eKeXIjmanFatupSMsMPar³sMxan;²

énbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþcMnYnbIKW³

1> RTBü¬rYmTaMgRTBüGrUbI¦RtUvEt)aneKTukcitþRbKl;eTAeGayCnCab;ecaTTTYl

xusRtUv

2> CnCab;ecaTRtUvEt)ansnüafanwgsgRTBüenaHeTAeGaym©as;edImvijb¤mYy

eRbIR)as;vatameKaledAmYyEdl)ankMNt;Cak;lak;nig

3> CnCab;ecaTRtUvEt)anbM)at;b¤éKbnøMRTBütamry³karbdiesFminRBmsg

b¤min)aneRbIvatameKaledAEdl)anRBmeRBogKña.

eyIgnwgBiPakSaBIFatupSMnImYy² dUcxageRkam. karBiPakSaenH minEmnCakarviPaK

bec©keTsEpñkc,ab;eT. pÞúyeTAvij karBiPakSaenHepþateTAelIFatupSMsMxan;²énbTelµIsEt

bu:eNÑaHehIyeKBnül;bkRsayvatamrebobmYyEdlc,as;las;nigGacyl;)any:aggay.

GñkGaneKaledArbs;eyIgKW shKmn_GaCIvkmµ Gñkpþl;CMnYy nigraCrdæaPi)alkm>}. PasaenHsµúKsµaj b:uEnþ enAkñúgerOgkþICaeRcIn

{RTBü R)ak;kas TMnij b¤Éksar NamYyEdlman b¤EdlEcgGMBIkatBVkic© b¤karedaHbnÞúk}

GacniyayeLIgvijy:agsamBaØfaCa{RTBü}.

EpñkbnþénXøaenHbBa¢ak;fa RTBüenaHRtUvEt)aneKTukcitþRbKl;eGayCnCab;ecaT

{CakarCYl Cakardak;dMkl;Tuk CaGaNtþi CakareGayx©IeRbI b¤CaR)ak;kéRmsRmab;kargar

manb¤KµanR)ak;ebovtS>>>}.PasaenHTMngCamincaM)ac;eLIy.va)anBiBN’nakic©snüaxusKña

CMBUk 2



24

cMnYnR)aMmYyRbePTEdleKGacbegáIteLIgtamry³karRbKl;RTBüeGayCndéTTTYlxusRtUv.

kñúgkarGnuvtþn_Cak;Esþg karRbKl;RTBüeGayCndéT TMngCanwgniyaydl;TRmg;NamYy

énkic©snüaTaMgR)aMmYyEbb tamry³karkat;yl; b¤mYyedayCak;lak;. kñúgkrNIPaKeRcIn

bBaðasMxan;KW etIeK)anRbKl;RTBüeGayCnCab;ecaTb¤Gt; minEmnRbePTkic©snüaEdleK

)anbegáIteLIgrvagCnCab;ecaTnigm©as;RTBüeLIy.ehtudUecñHehIykarniyayGMBIFatupSMén

bTelµIsenH kñúgkrNIPaKeRcIn eKGacnwgniyayeLIgvijfa³ RTBüRtUvEt)aneKTukcitþRbKl;

eGayCnCab;ecaTTTYlxusRtUv.11

2>2 CnCab;ecaTRtUvEt)ansnüafanwgsgRTBüenaHeTAeGaym©as;

RTBüvij b¤mYyeRbIR)as;vatameKaledAmYy EdleK)ankMNt;

Cak;lak;

FatupSMenHbgáb;enAkñúgPasafa {>>>eday)ansnüafasgvij b¤RbKl;eGayvij b¤

eRbIR)as;tamkarRBmeRBogKñaNamYy >>>}. c,as;Nas;fa FatupSMenHGaRs½ynwgGtßiPaB

énFatupSMTImYy. CnCab;ecaT RtUvEt)aneKTukcitþ RbKl;RTBüeGayTTYlxusRtUv munnwg

eKGacsnüafa {sgvij b¤RbKl;eGayvij b¤eRbIR)as;tamkarRBmeRBogKñaNamYy.} Pasa

enHBiBN’naGMBITegVIbIy:ag EdlCnCab;ecaTRtUvEt)ansnüafa nwgeFVIcMeBaHRTBüenaH. TImYy

CnCab;ecaTGacsnüafanwgsgRTBüenaHvij.karN_enHBiBN’naBIsßanPaBEdlCnCab;ecaT

)anx©Irbs;GVImYy dUcCa rfynþ ehIy)ansnüafanwgRbKl;rbs;enaHsgeTAm©as;vij. CnCab;

ecaTkan;kab;RTBüedayRsbc,ab; eRBaHm©as;RTBü )anRbKl;vaeTAeGayrUbeKedaysµ½RKcitþ

b:uEnþeK)ansnüacMeBaHm©as;rbs;enaHfa nwgRbKl;sgvij. RbkarenH)ankMhitsiT§irbs;eK

elIRTBüenaH. eKminGaclk;va b¤RbKl;vaCabnþeGayeTAnrNaeTot)aneT. eKRtUvEtRbKl;

RTBüenaHsgm©as;vij.

Baküfa {esñIRbKl;eGayeKvij} niyaysMedAsßanPaB EdlCnCab;ecaTRtUv)aneK

TukcitþRbKl;RTBüeGay Et)ansnüapþl;»kaseGaym©as;RTBü TTYl)anRTBüenaHvij

muneBl EdlCnCab;ecaTcat;EcgkarGVImYyelIRTBüenaH. ]TahrN_ CnCab;ecaTGacCYl

eRKOgcRkksikmµmYyeRKOg sRmab;ry³eBlbIqñaM. m©as;RTBü nigCnCab;ecaT)anRBmeRBog

Kñafa m©as;RTBümansiT§iTijeRKOgcRkenaHvij kñúgtémømYyEdl)anRBmeRBogKña enAeBlcb;

ry³eBlkMNt;bIqñaMenaH.ebIsinCam©as;RTBümincg;TijykeRKOgcRkenaHvijeTeTIbCnCab;

ecaTmansiT§ilk;vaeTAeGayGñkEdlh‘anéføx


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RbB½n§c,ab;Gg;eKøs (Common law) eKGacBiBN’nakrNIenH faCakarGacyk)an

RTBüEdlCakmµvtßúén {siT§iman»kasTijmuneK}. cMNucsMxan;enaHKW CnCab;ecaT)an

snüacMeBaHm©as;RTBüfaeKkMhitsiT§irbs;eKkñúgkarcat;EcgelIRTBüenaH.eKminGaclk;RTBü

enaH)antamcitþedaymin)anesñIpþl;vaeTAeGaym©as;rbs;vijmuneKenaHeT.

EbbEpnTIbI EdlFatupSMenHRtUvbMeBjKW tamry³karsnüafanwgeRbIR)as;RTBü

enaH tamkarRBmeRBogKña. CafµImþgTot cMNucsMxan;enATIenHKW CnCab;ecaT)ansnüacMeBaH

m©as;rbs;fa Tb;sáat;xøÜnÉgmineGaycat;TukRTBüenaH dUcCarbs;pÞal;xøÜneT. krNICaKMrUKW

krNInieyaCitmñak; EdlRtUv)annieyaCkTukcitþRbKl;R)ak;eGaykan; sRmab;bMeBjeKaledA

kMNt;mYy. ]TahrN_ nieyaCitenaHRtUv)annieyaCk RbKl;R)ak;eGayykeTAdak;epJIenA

FnaKar eBalKW)anTTYlRTBüsRmab;eRbIR)as;tamkarkMNt;mYy. eKkan;kab;vaRsbc,ab;

b:uEnþeKkan;kab;vasRmab;EteKaledAmYyEdl)ankMNt;Etb:ueNÑaH KWykR)ak;enaHeTAFnaKar

ehIydak;epJIvaenATIenaH. eK)aneFVIkarsnüay:agCak;lak; b¤tamkarkat;yl; ehIyRbkar

enaH)ankMhitlT§PaBrbs;eK mineGaycat;TukR)ak;enaH faCarbs;pÞal;xøÜneT. cMNucsMxan;

sRmab;EpñkTaMgbIénFatupSMenHKW CnCab;ecaT)ansnüacMeBaHm©as;RTBü Edldak;kMhit

dl;siT§irbs;eK kñúgkarcat;EcgkarelIRTBüenaH. karrMelaPedayectnaelIkarsnüaenH

KWCakarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ.

2>3 CnCab;ecaTRtUvEt)anbM)at; b¤éKbnøMRTBüeK

FatupSMenHekIteLIg enAeBlEdlCnCab;ecaTeføaHeFøay min)aneFVItamkarsnüa

Tak;TgnwgRTBü. vaekItecjBIPasafa {CnNaEdléKbnøM b¤bM)at;¬RTBü¦ eFVIeGay

xUcRbeyaCn_dl;m©as;kmµsiT§i m©as;TIkEnøg b¤Gñkkan;kab;>>>} RTBü12

. RbkarenHTak;Tg

nwgkareføaHeFøay eKarBmin)antamkarsnüakñúgFatupSMTIBIr. ebIsinCaCnCab;ecaT)ansnüa

sgRTBüvij enaHeKRtUvEtxMRbwgsgvavij. ebIsinCaeK)ansnüafa esñIRbKl;eGayvij

enaHeKRtUvEtxMRbwgesñIRbKl;vaeGayvij. ebIsinCaeK)ansnüafa nwgeRbIR)as;vasRmab;

eKaledAkMNt;NamYyenaH eKRtUvEtxMRbwgeRbIR)as;vaeGayRtUvtameKaledAenaH.karéKbnøM

GacekIteLIgtamviFICaeRcIn b:uEnþrUbPaBTUeTAbMputGacCakarbMpøajRTBü karlk;RTBüeTA

eGayCnTIbI karrkSavaTuk nigbdiesFminRBmRbKl;eGayvij b¤mYyeRbIvatameKaledA

epSg²eTot EdlxusBIeKaledAeRKagTukdUcEdl)anRBmeRBogKña. Ca]TahrN_ karéKbnøM

12Baküfa{m©as;kmµsiT§im©as;TIkEnøgb¤Gñkkan;kab;}RtUveKeRbIenAkñúgc,ab;enHCaCMnYseGayBaküfa{m©as;RTBü}EdlgayRsYleRbICagenHedIm,IbBa¢ak;eGayc,as;fakarrMelaPescelIkþITukcitþGacRbRBwtþ

elICnNamñak;EdlCaGñkkan;kab;RTBüenaHedayRsbc,ab;eTaHbIGñkenaHminEmnCam©as;BitR)akdk¾eday.

kñúgkrNICaeRcInPaBxusKñaenHminmann½yGVIeTBIeRBaHGñkEdlRbKl;RTBüeGayCnCab;ecaTTTYlxusRtUv

KWCam©as;BitR)akd.

CMBUk 2



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RTBüGacekIteLIg enAeBlEdlnrNamñak;)anx©Im:UtUBImitþPkþi rYclk;m:UtUenaHeTAeGaybuKÁl

TIbI. dUcKñaenH vaGacekIteLIg kñúgsßanPaBEdlnieyaCitmñak;)anTTYlR)ak; sRmab;ykeTA

TijeRKOgeRbIR)as;sRmab;kariyal½y EteKEbrCaykR)ak;enaHeTAcak;El,gPñal;)al;Tat;

eTAvij. kñúgkrNITaMgBIrenH skmµPaBrbs;CnCab;ecaT)anTb;sáat;BYkeK mineGayeFVItam

karsnüa)aneLIy.

FatupSMenH k¾tRmUveGaymankarxUcxatdl;m©as;RTBüsm,tiþpgEdr. karEdl

CnCab;ecaT)aneføaHeFøay min)anbMeBjtamkic©snüa vaminRKb;RKan;eT. pÞúyeTAvij

kareføaHeFøayRtUvEtekItecjBIkaréKbnøM b¤karcat;EcgelIRTBü pÞúyBIplRbeyaCn_

rbs;m©as;RTBüenaH. mü:ageTot kareføaHeFøayRtUvEtmanlkçN³fa m©as;rbs;minGacTTYl

RTBü)anmkvijeLIy. Ca]TahrN_ ebIsinCa®sþImñak;)anCYlrfynþmYy sRmab;ry³eBl

mYys)þah_ ehIy)ansgvavijyWtCagkarsnüamYyéf¶ enaHKat;min)anéKbnøMykrfynþ

enaHeT. vaCakarBitfa Kat;minGacbMeBjtamlkçxNÐkMNt;d¾Cak;lak;énkarsnüa)anEmn

b:uEnþskmµPaBrbs;Kat;min)aneFVIeGayxUcplRbeyaCn_;m©as;RTBü edaysarrfynþenaHeT.

®sþIenaH GacRtUvbg;éføCYlrfynþ mYyéf¶EfmeTot b:uEnþeyagtamGtßn½y énmaRta 46

Kat;min)an{éKbnøMb¤bM)at;eGayxUcRbeyaCn_}elIrfynþenaHeT.k¾b:uEnþcMeBaHbursmñak;Edl

CYlRtak;T½rsRmab;ry³eBlmYys)þah_edIm,IdwkdIenAkñúgPUmikrrbs;Kat;ehIy)anlk;Rtak;T½r

enaH eTAeGayPaKITIbI BitCa)anéKbnøMRtak;T½renaHEmn eRBaHm©as;RTBüminGacTTYl)anRtak;

T½renaHBICnCab;ecaTmkvijeLIy.

3>FatupSMEpñksti-ectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ

Cnmñak;GacCab;eTasedaysarbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþebICnenaHminEmnRtUv

RbRBwtþRtwmEtGMeBICasMPar³ dUc)anBiBN’naxagelIenHeT eKRtUvEteFVIGMeBIenaHedayectna

eTotpg. vaCakarminRKb;RKan;eT ebIsinCaCnCab;ecaTRbRBwtþEtGMeBICasMPar³TaMgLayEdl

BiBN’naxagelI.eKGacbgðajBIsßanPaBenHedayeRbI]TahrN_gay²BIrdUcteTA³

bursmñak;x©IR)ak;500duløarBIGñkCitxagrbs;Kat;edIm,IykeTAdaMeBat.Kat;)ansnüafa

nwgykR)ak;enaHeTATijRKab;BUCeBat nigCI RBmTaMg)ansnüafanwgsgR)ak;enaHvij

kñúgry³eBl R)aMmYyExeRkay enAeBlEdlKat;lk;pleBat)an. Kat;)andaMeBat b:uEnþ

maneRKaHraMgs¶Üty:agGaRkk;bNþaleGayeBatrbs;Kat;gab;Gs;.Kat;minGaceFVIGVIedIm,I

Tb;sáat;sßanPaBenaH)aneLIy.Kat;minGacsgR)ak;dl;GñkCitxagrbs;Kat;vij)aneT.

bursmñak;x©IR)ak; 500 duløar BIGñkCitxagrbs;Kat; edayR)ab;eKfa Kat;manbMNgeRbIva

edIm,IdaMeBat. Kat;)ansnüafanwgykR)ak;enaH eTATijRKab;BUCeBat nigCI RBmTaMg)an

•

•

CMBUk 2


27


snüafa nwgsgR)ak;enaHvij kñúgry³eBlR)aMmYyExeRkay enAeBlEdlKat;lk;pl

eBat)an. b:uEnþ Kat;KµanbMNgdaMeBatBitR)akdeLIy. Kat;EbrCamanbMNgykR)ak;

enaH ehIypøas;TIlMenAeTAPñMeBj. enAeBlEdlKat;eTAx©IR)ak;eK Kat;)andwgxøÜnÉgfa

Kat;minRbugsgR)ak;enaH eTAeGayGñkCitxagKat;vij kñúgry³eBlR)aMmYyExeTotenaH

eLIy.mYyry³xøIeRkayBIx©I)anR)ak;Kat;)anpøas;TIlMenAeTAPñMeBjnigeKcxøÜn)at;.

eKeXIjc,as;Nas;fa eKminKYrcat;TukmnusSTaMgBIrnak;enHdUcKñaeT. bursmñak;Ca

CnelµIs Ébursmñak;eTot CaCnrgeRKaHedayCYbnwgsMNagGaRkk;. b:uEnþbursTaMgBIrnak;

)anRbRBwtþFatupSMsMPar³énbTelµIsrMelaPesckþITukcitþdUcKña. bursTaMgBIrnak;RtUv)aneKTuk

citþRbKl;RTBümYycMnYneGay. TaMgBIrnak; )ansnüafa nwgsgRTBüenaHeTAm©as;RTBüvij.

kñúgkrNITaMgBIrmanehtukarN_mYyekIteLIgcMeBaHRTBüenaHEdlraraMgmineGayeKGacsgva

eTAm©as;edImvij)an.

RbkarxusKñaKW ectnarbs;bursTaMgBIrnak;. burskñúg]TahrN_TImYy KµanbMNgeKc

evsBIkarsgbMNuleT.Kat;)andaMeBatnigxMeFVIGVI²RKb;y:agedIm,IbMeBjkrNIykic©rbs;Kat;

eGay)an. k¾b:uEnþ eRKaHraMgs¶Üt)ansmøab;pldMNaMrbs;Kat; ehIyenaHminEmnCakMhusrbs;

Kat;pÞal;eT.burskñúg]TahrN_TIBIrmanectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIs.Kat;)ankuhkGñkCitxagKat;

GMBImUlehtuénkarcg;x©IR)ak; ehIyenAeBlEdlKat;ykR)ak;enaH Kat;KµanbMNgsgvavij

eLIy.mYyry³xøIeRkayBIx©IR)ak;)anKat;eKcxøÜnedayykR)ak;enaHeTACamYy.enHCaskçIPaB

d¾RKb;RKan;EdlbgðajfaKat;manbMNgRbRBwtþbTelµIs.

ectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIs KWCaFatupSMcaM)ac;énbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ énkarrMelaPelI

esckþITukcitþ. CnCab;ecaT RtUvEtmanectnaeFVIGMeBIenH nigRtUvEtdwgfaGVIEdlKat;eFVICaGMeBI

xus.vaminGacCakMhusb¤PaBécdnümYyenaHeT.RbkarenHmankarbBa¢ak;c,as;tamry³kar

eRbIBakü{éKbnøM}enAkñúgGtßbTénmaRta46.éKbnøMmann½yfaykGVImYyEtk¾mann½ypgEdrfa

karykenaHRbRBwtþeTAtampøÚvxusb¤edayTuc©rit.rdæmRnIþRksYgyutþiFm’nigRbFantulakarkMBUl

)aneFVIkarsnñidæandUcKñaenHEdrenAkñúg {esckþIENnaMrYm} fµI²enHrbs;xøÜn cuHéf¶TI 8 ExsIha

qñaM2005 sþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ. fVIebIkEnøgxøHkñúgGtßbTénesckþIENnaMrYmenH

manPaBRcbUkRcbl;kþI esckIþENnaMenHkt;sMKal;fa CnCab;ecaTRtUvEtman {bMNgGaRkk;}

b¤RtUv{ekgRbv½Ba©b¤éKbnøM}ykRTBüEdleK)anTukcitþRbKl;eGay.enAkñúgkarsmÖasn_mYy

CamYyRBHraCGaCJaGmtulakarraCFanIPñMeBjmñak; elak)anepþateTAelIectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIs

faCaFatupSMd¾sMxan;mYyedIm,IGacseRmcfaetIRtUvdak;b¤minRtUvdak;bNþwgRBhµTNÐ.tulakar

kMBUlk¾)anTTYlsÁal;Edrfa ectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIsKWCaFatupSMmYyénbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ ehIy

CMBUk 2



28

enAkñúgqñaM 2002 eK)anedaHElg®sþImñak;BIkarXMuxøÜnmunkarCMnMuCMrH edaysarmUlehtufa Kµan

PsþútagbBa¢ak;ectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIsenaH.13

4>RkmRBhµTNÐfµI

c,ab;RBhµTNÐGnþrkalnwgRtUvCMnYsedayRkmRBhµTNÐfµIkñúgqñaM2007.maRta46

nwgRtUvQb;eRbI ehIymaRtafµIsþIBIkarrMelaPesckþITukcitþ nwgcUlmkCMnYs. maRtafµIsþIBI

karrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ¬edaysnµtfavaminrgkarpøas;bþÚrNamYymuneBlRbkaseGayeRbI

enHeT¦nwgmanPaBgayyl;CagmaRtaEdlmannaeBlbc©úb,nñenH³

karrMelaPesckþITukcitþekIteLIg enAeBlEdleyagtambuernicä½yénGñkÉeTot Cnmñak;

)anéKbnøMmUlniFi RTBümantémø b¤RTBüNamYy EdleK)anRbKl;eGayTTYlxusRtUv

ehIyCnenaH)anyl;RBmTTYlvtßúenaH eTAtamlkçxNÐénkarsgvij RbKl;eGayvij

b¤eRbIR)as;vatamrebobkMNt;mYy.

maRtafµIEdlEcgBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ nwgminxusKñaxøaMg BImaRtaEdlsßitenA

CaFrmansBVéf¶enHb:unµaneT. vabnþepþateTAelIFatupSMsMPar³TaMgbIdUcKña nigbBa©ÚlFatu

pSMEpñkstidUcKña. RbkarsMxan;CageKKW eK)anlubecalBakümYycMnYn Edl)anbgábBaða

dUcEdl)anbkRsaymaRta 46. ]TahrN_ maRtaénc,ab;RBhµTNÐfµI Elgmanniyaydl;

RbePTCak;lak;énkic©snüa EdleK)anbegáIteLIgedaykarTukcitþRbKl;RTBüeTAeGayGñk

déTb¤kareyageTAelIedImecaTEdlCam©as;CaGñkmanRTBüb¤CaGñkkan;kab;RTBüeTotehIy.

karpøas;bþÚrTaMgenH pþl;RbeyaCn_eRcIn nigeFVIeGayc,ab;enHmanPaBgayyl; niggayGnuvtþ

Cagmun.

13sUmemIlEkv tam/CaedImecaTTl;nwgQun éN sYr CacugecaT¬tulakarkMBUlénkm

31


1>karGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUvénmaRtasþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

KWCabBaðaecaTmYy

shKmn_GaCIvkmµ )anRBYy)armÖGMBIkarGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUv nUvmaRtasIþBIkarrMelaP

elIesckþITukcitþ. CaTUeTA karRsavRCavEdlGnuKN³kmµaFikarBiess )anyl;RsbCamYy

CMhrrbs;shKmn_GaCIvkmµ sþIBIkarGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUvnUvbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ.

eKeXIjfabBaðaecaTrbs;karGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUvnUvbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþmanTMhMtUc

b:uEnþCabBaðaFMsRmab;shKmn_GaCIvkmµ. fVIebIsßitiBMumanlkçN³CatMNagkþI sßitiTaMgenaHqøúH

bBa©aMgBIRbePTénbBaða nigéføcMNayBak;B½n§nwgerOgkþIénkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ. kñúgsßiti

enaH minRtwmEtmancMnYnerOgkþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþd¾eRcIn enAkñúgraCFanIPñMeBjeT b:uEnþ

Tinñn½ysßitik¾)ancg¥úlbgðajfakarbþwgecaTBIbTelIµsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ)anbegáItsm



32

esckþIENnaMrYmrbs;rdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’nigRbFantulakarkMBUl)anTTYlsÁal;fakarGnuvtþn_

c,ab;RBhµTNÐTak;TgnwgkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþenAkñúgtulakarminTan;manPaBRtUvKñaeLIy

ehIy)anbBa¢a {tulakarextþ-Rkug nigkariyal½yRBHraCGaCJaTaMgGs; eGayykcitþTukdak;

nigykeKalKMnitTaMgLayEdlmanEcgenAkñúg maRta 46 mkKitBicarNa.} CaBiess

esckþIENnaMrYmenaH )anbBa¢ak;c,as;fa PaBxusKñarvagvivaTrdæb,evNI EdlekItecjmkBIkar

xkxanmin)anbMeBjtamkatBVkic©énkic©snüa nigvivaTEdlekItecjmk skmµPaBEdlCa

FatupSMénkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþenAEtCabBaðaEdleKRtUvbkRsaybMPøW.

eKeXIjfaTaMgraCrdæaPi)alTaMgshKmn_GaCIvkmµRBYy)armÖdUcKñaGMBIPaBminRtwm

RtUvénbNþakrNI rMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ. fVIebIbc©úb,nñenH eyIgmankarlM)akkñúgkarkMNt;

eGay)anc,as;GMBITMhMénbBaðakþIeKeXIjc,as;faTaMgraCrdæaPi)alTaMgshKmn_GaCIvkmµ)an

TTYlsÁal;sar³sMxan;énbBaðaecaTenHnigfavaCH\T§iBlGviC¢manmkelIesdækic©kmkarGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUvénmaRtasþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ³

mUlehtunigrebobRbRBwtþeTArbs;va

k> vivaTkic©snüaGackøayeTACakarbþwgecaTRbkan;BIbTrMelaPelI

esckþITukcitþ

esckþIENnaMrYmrbs;rdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’ nigRbFantulakarkMBUl TTYlsÁal;fa

knøgmkenH GaCJaFryutþiFm’)anGnuvtþminRtwmRtUv nUvbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ cMeBaH

vivaTkic©snüa nigvivaTrdæb,evNIepSg²eTotEdleKKYredaHRsayeTAtam nItiviFIénc,ab;

rdæb,evNICaCagtamc,ab;RBhµTNÐ.

PaBxusKñarvagvivaTrdæb,evNI EdlekItecjmkBIkarxkxanmin)anbMeBjtamkatBVkic©

énkic©snüa nigvivaTEdlekItecjmkBIskmµPaBEdlCaFatuén karrMelaPelIesckþI

TukcitþenAEtCabBaðaEdleKRtUvbkRsaybMPøW.15

elIsBIenH esckþIENnaMrYmenaH )anbBa¢ak;y:agc,as;fa eKminKYreRbIRbkarTaMgLay

rbs;bTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ enAkñúgkrNIerOgkþIEdlKµanFatupSMcaM)ac;énbTelµIs

rMelaPelIesckþITukcitþeT.

eTaHbIGñkTTYlRTBüTuk xkxanmin)anbMeBjkatBVkic©rbs;eK edayRbkarNamYy

k¾eday edayKitrYmTaMgkarsgRTBüenaHeTAm©as;RTBüvij karxkxanenaH minEmnCa

GMeBIéKbnøMykb¤karlYcykEdlCakmµvtßúénkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ.16

15esckþIENnaMkargarrYmelx2cuHéf¶TI8sIha2005rbs;rdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’nigRbFantulakarkMBUl16esckþIENnaMkargarrYmelx2cuHéf¶TI8sIha2005rbs;rdæm®nþIRksYgyutþiFm’nigRbFantulakarkMBUl

CMBUk 3


33


k¾b:uEnþ shKmn_GaCIvkmµ nigPaKIBak;B½n§ÉeTot² )ansMEdgkar)armÖfa maRtaén

karrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ minEmnsuT§EtRtUveKGnuvtþedayRtwmRtUv nigRsbeTAtam

esckþIENnaMrYmenaHeLIy. kart¥ÚjEt¥rCaRbcaMCageKmYy KWeK)ancat;TukvivaTkic©snüa

samBaØ² faCakrNIRBhµTNÐénkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ eRBaHeKminyklkçxNÐ Edl

RTBüRtUvEt)aneKRbKl;[CnCab;ecaTTTYlxusRtUv nigectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ

EdlCaFatupSMmYy énbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþmkGnuvtþtameLIy. Gµkpþl;smÖasn_

esÞIrEtRKb;rUb EdlCaGaCIvkr b¤emFavI CaCnkm



34

Tukcitþ ¬sUmGan]bsm


35


kþItUcbgÁÜr ehIyvaGacx



36

EdlnaMeTAdl;karXMuxøÜnmunkarCMnMuCMrHkþI. ry³eBlEdlmnusSTaMgLayRtUvCab;XMumunkarCMnMu

CMrHkþIERbRbYlxusKñaCaxøaMg.eyagtammUldæanTinñn½yénbNþajpSayB½t’manGñkxøHRtUvCab;XMu

munkarCMnMuCMrHkþIGs;rab;ExÉGñkxøHeTotEdlGacedaHRsaybg;R)ak;FanaxøÜn)anRtUvCab;XMuEt

kñúgrvagBIrbIéf¶b:ueNÑaH.

karXMuxøÜnmunkarCMnMuCMrHkþI CaRbPBFMCageKénkardak;sm


37


36 enAkñúgmUldæanTinñn½yénbNþajpSayB½t’man EdlRsg;ecjBIbNþasarB½t’mankm

39


eKminGacTTYl)anCasaFarN³ nUvB½t’mansßitiénerOgkþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþeT

ehIykarN_enHeFVIeGayeKCYbkarlM)ak kñúgkarKNnacMnYnerOgkþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

Edl)anekItmankñúgmYyqñaM² enAkm



40

RbePTénéføcMNay EdlCab;Tak;TgCamYynwgerOgkþIminRtwmRtUvBIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

ehIyTIBIr eKGaceRbIvaedIm,I):an;sµanéføcMNaysRmab;buKÁl nigRkumh‘unTaMgLay EdleyIg

)ansmÖasb¤)anGegát.

eKeXIjfa erOgkþIminRtwmRtUvBIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ GacCH\T§iBlmkelI

esdækic©km


41


RbePTcugeRkayénkarcMNay ehIyRbEhlCaRbePTFMCageKbg¥s; KWkarxatbg;

»kasvinieyaK. RbePTenH RKbelITMnak;TMngGaCIvkmµ EdleKGacnwgeFVIeTA)an ebIkMuEt

P½yxøacRtUveKbþwgecaTBIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ. GñkCMnYjesÞIrEtTaMgGs;EdleyIg)an

smÖas )ancg¥úlbgðajfa BYkeK)anbdiesF»kasvinieyaKEdleK)anCYb edaysarEtP½y

xøackarecaTRbkan;BIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ. emFavIGaCIvkmµ nigTIRbwkSaGaCIvkmµesÞIrEt

TaMgGs; )anraykarN_fa eK)anpþl;eyabl;dl;GtifiCnrbs;BYkeK eGayeRCIserIsédKU

GaCIvkmµedayRbugRby½tñ eRBaHEtkarbþwgminRtwmRtUvBIbTrMelaPesckþITukcitþTaMgenaH. kñúg

cMeNamcemøIyénkarGegátTaMgdb;¬sUmemIl]bsm



42

etIelak-Gñkyl;fa RtUvcMNay Gs;b:unµankñúgkrNIEdlRtUveKbþwgecaTBIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ?

etIelak-GñkFøab;)anbdiesF »kasvinieyaK edaysar haniP½yénkarrMelaPesckþI Tukcitþ jwkjab;y:agNa?

etI»kasvinieyaKEdlelak-Gñk Føab;)anbdiesF edaysar haniP½yénkarrMelaPesckþI Tukcitþ mantémøb:unµan?

1 5000-50000duløa jwkjab;Nas; 1-5landuløa

2 5000-50000duløa CaerOy² 250000-500000duløa

3 5000-50000duløa jwkjab;Nas; KµancemøIy

4 5000-50000duløa mþgmáal KµancemøIy

5 5000-50000duløa minEdlesaH KµancemøIy

6 ticCag5000duløa mþgmáal ticCag50000duløa

7 5000-50000duløa CaerOy² 250000-500000duløa

8 5000-50000duløa mþgmáal KµancemøIy

9 5000-50000duløa jwkjab;Nas; 1-5landuløa

10 5000-50000duløa CaerOy² 500000-1landuløa

11 KµancemøIy KµancemøIy ticCa500000duløa

srub = 3 000 000 - 12 100 000 duløa

B½t’manenAkñúgtaragenHTTYl)anmkBIkarGegátKµanPaBécdnüénGaCIvkmµkm

45


Gnusasn_

kat;bnßykarGnuvtþn_edayminRtwmRtUvnUverOgkþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

nig\T§iBlrbs;vamkelIesdækic©km



46

EdreT.tamBiteTAtamkarbgðajrbs;krNIsikSa1nig3eKEfmTaMgGaceXIjmanPsþútagfa

KWedImecaTeTEdl)aneføaHeFøaymin)anbMeBjkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn. edayehtuenHtamry³kar

TamTary:agtwgEtgeGaymanPsþútagc,as;las; BIkar)anTukcitþRbKl;GVImYyeGayGñkdéT

TTYlxusRtUv nigBIectnaRbRBwtþbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ vamanPaBgayRsYlCagkñúgkarkMNt;

nigkareCosvagerOgkþIminRtwmRtUvénkarrMelaPesckþITukcitþ.

ecjesckþIENnaMrYmfµImYy EdltRmUveGayecARkmecjsalRkmTak;Tgnwg

krNIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ BiPakSay:agc,as;las;BIPsþútagEdlKaMRTdl;

FatupSMnImYy² énbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ

esckþIENnaMkargarCapøÚvkar sþIBIrebobsresreyabl;rbs;tulakar GacCYyeGay

manPaBRtwmRtUv nigtmøaPaBkñúgerOgkþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþenH)an RBmTaMgCYyFanafa

m®nþItulakarTaMgLay nwgelIkykFatupSM énbTelµIsRBhµTNÐnImYy² mkedaHRsay

edayELkBIKña nigy:agRtwmRtUv munnwgrkeXIjfamaneTasBIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ.

esckþIENnaMkargarCapøÚvkarEbbenH RtUvEtbBa©ak;fa salRkmnImYy²rbs;tulakar RtUvman

karBiPakSaedayELk²BIKña GMBIPsþútagEdlKaMRTdl;FatupSMnImYy²énbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ.

kareFVIrebobenH naMeGayeKeXIjc,as; faetIeKmanPsþútagsRmab;FatupSMNamYy b¤FatupSM

TMagGs;Edr b¤Gt;. karBiPakSay:agc,as;las; GMBIPsþútagEdlKaMRTdl;FatupSMnImYy²

énbTelµIsRBhµTNÐ edaymansresrCalaylkçGkSr enAkñúgeyabl;rbs;tulakarCMnMuCMrHkþI

k¾GacCYybnßybBaðaTak;TgnwgbNþwgsaTukç RBmTaMgCYysRmalTm¶n;kargar rbs;tulakar

fñak;x


47


e)aHBum



48

begáItynþkarsRmab;karraykarN_CaGnamik BIbuKÁliktulakar b¤nKr)al

NaEdlTaréføQñÜleRkApøÚvkar

CaTUeTA Gnusasn_enHTak;TgnwgKMnitsþIBIkartamXøaMemIlditdl;Cagmun elIerOgkþI

rMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ. Gñkkan;GMNacTaMgLay RbEhlCaminsUvTaréføQñÜleRkApøÚvkar

eToteT ebIsinCaeKdwgfa CnCab;ecaTGacraykarN_BIBYkeK dl;nrNamñak;EdlGacnwgmk

GegátemIledayeyagtamesckþIraykarN_enaH.edayehtuenHvaGacnwgmanRbeyaCn_Nas;

ebIsinCamanynþkarGnamik nigÉkraCü sRmab;eGaybuKÁl b¤Rkumh‘unTaMgLay raykarN_

GMBIGñkkan;GMNacEdlRbRBwtþminRtwmRtUv. cMNucd¾c,as;mYyecjBIkarraykarN_enHKW drab

NaeKmin)anTTYlkarFanaBIPaBGnamikTaMgRsugeTenaH buKÁlTaMgLaynwgminraykarN_GMBI

krNIerOgkþIminRtwmRtUvNamYydl;nrNamñak;eT.

kat;bnßykarXMuxøÜnmunkarCMnMuCMrHkþI edayecjesckþIENnaMkargarCapøÚvkar

mYy EdlBiBN’nay:agc,as;las; GMBIkrNIEdlRtUveRbIkarXMuxøÚnmun

karCMnMuCMrHkþI

Gñkpþl;smÖasn_PaKeRcIn nigGñkeqøIyGegátTaMgGs;eCOfa karkat;bnßykarXMuxøÜn

munCMnMuCMrHkþI enAkñúgerOgkþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ GacCYyEklMGsßanPaBeGay)anl¥RbesIr

Cagmun. GñkeqøIyGegátEdleK)anEbgEckCabIRkumesµI²Kña yl;eXIjfakardak;kMrit

EbbenH GacCYyEklMGsßanPaBeGayRbesIrCagmun bnþicbnþÜc eRcInbgÁÜr nigeRcInxøaMg.

karKMramXMuxøÜnmunkarCMnMuCMrHkþI KWCaRbPBénkardak;sm


49


esckþIsnñidæan

eKsgÇwmfa Gnusasn_TaMgLayEdlmanenAkñúgr)aykarN_enH nwgrYmcMENk

kat;bnßy\T§iBlénkarGnuvtþn_minRtwmRtUvnUvbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ mkelIesdækic©

km

51


1>esckþIepþIm

r)aykarN_enHEp¥kelIB½t’manEdl)anmkBIRbPBcMnYnbYn³

karsmÖasn_CamYymCÄdæanBak;B½n§

B½t’manTTYl)anmkBIRksYgyutþiFm’

karBinitüemIlB½t’manTak;TgnwgerOgkþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþEdleKGac

TTYl)anCasaFarN³nig

karGegátmtieyabl;rbs;GaCIvkmµ.

2>karsmÖasn_CamYymCÄdæanBak;B½n§

eyIg)ansmÖasCamYymCÄdæanBak;B½n§epSg² cMnYn 18 nak; edayrYmTaMgCnCati

Exµrpg CnbreTspg kñúgenaHman³ GaCIvkr emFavIBaNiC¢kmµ emFavIkarBarbTelµIs

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kþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ. eK)ansegçbB½t’manTaMgenaH enAkñúg]bsm



52

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53


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]bsm

55


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krNIsikSa

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56

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rMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ.

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rbs;Gñkpþl;smÖasn_TaMgenaH.

]bsm


57


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pþl;smÖasn_.

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58

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kñúgqñaM2001Rkumh‘unhmkBIsigðburI)ancuHkic©snüamYyCamYyRkumh‘undEdlCa

Rkumh‘unkm


59


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enAkñúgkarCMnMuCMrH]T§rN_ tulakarkMBUl)anTTYlesckþIEføgkarBIPaKITaMgBIr KWCnCab;ecaT

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60

krNIsikSaTI5

kñúgExemsa1992elakb‘unRs‘un)ancUlCaédKUCamYyelakxugePOedIm,IdMeLIg

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1994/salRkmelx41cuHéf¶TI12Ex]sPaqñaM1994¦.

]bsm

63


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65


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66

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67


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eTasCab;Bn§

FnaKarsRmab;

erOgkþIrMelaP

elIesckþITukcitþ

begáIttulakar

BaNiC¢kmµBiess

mYysRmab;edaH

RsayerOgkþIrMelaP

elIesckþITukcitþ

RbesIrxøaMg 5 6 4 1 6

RbesIrmFüm 2 2 2 2 2

RbesIr 1 1 3 2 1

minRbesIrGIVeT 1 0 0 3 0

cemøIysrub 9 9 9 8 9

]bsm

69


k>esckþIepþIm

bTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþKWCabTelµIsmYy kñúgbNþabTelµIsCaeRcIneTotRbqaMgnwg

RTBüsm,tþi. bTelµIsRbqaMgnwgRTBüsm,tþiEdleKdwgCaTUeTAKWkarlYc. lkçN³sMxan;én

karlYcKW Tak;TgnwgkardkhUtykrbs;BIGñkNamñak; EdlsßitenAkñúgkarkan;kab;rbs;CnenaH

edIm,I[CnenaH)at;bg;GMNackan;kab;rbs;enaHCaGciéRnþy_.karxusKñaénbTrMelaPelIesckþI

TukcitþBIkarlYcKWfaenAkñúgkarlYcCnelµIsminmankarkan;kab;edayRsbc,ab;eTcMENkÉenA

kñúgbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþCnelµIsmankarkan;kab;rbs;Rsbc,ab;CaeRsc edaymankar

RBmeRBogBIm©as;eTotpg. CnelµIsrMelaPelIkarRBmeRBogenH edaybnøMdkhUtykRTBü

rbs;m©as;mkeFVICarbs;xøÜn b¤CenøósRTBüenaHeTA[GñkNamñak;eTot. ebIniyayCaPasa

samBaØbTrMelaPTaMgBIrenHKWRsedogKñaedaysareKalbMNgénGMeBIRbRBwtþmandUcKñaKWeFVI[

m©as;)at;bg;sm,tþirbs;xøÜn.

edaysarbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþmanBakü{rMelaP}nig{Tukcitþ}enAkñúgCIvit

Cak;EsþgeKEtgEtyl;fa karEdlkUnbMNuleFVI[m©as;bMNul {xkcitþ} b¤{)at;bg;karTukcitþ}

edaysarkarmin)anbMeBjtambMNgcitþBIsMNak;kUnbMNulcMeBaHm©as;bMNulKWkarsgbMNul

tamkarsnüadUecñHm©as;bMNulEtgEtecaTkUnbMNulfa)an{rMelaPesckþITukcitþ}.niyay[

gayyl; krNIEbbenHCakarrMelaPelIkarsnüa minEmnelIesckþITukcitþeT. bTrMelaP

esckþITukcitþRbhak;RbEhlKñanwgkarlYc.

bTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

edayelak kuy nam

karviPaKbec©keTsEpñkc,ab; énmaRtasþIGMBI karrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

]bsm



70

x>viPaKGMBIrcnasm


71


eyIgsegáteXIjfa karmin)andkXøab¤karmineRbIGaytni)at (preposition) edIm,I

bMEbk[dac;rvag {Gñkkan;kab;} nig{RTBüsm,tþi} Gac[GñkGanyl;RcLMfa karéKbnøM

b¤karéKbM)at; eFVI[xUcRbeyaCn_ m©as;kmµsiT§i m©as;TIkEnøg b¤Gñkkan;kab;RTBüsm,tþi.2

karBitmaRtaenHcg;niyayGMBIkaréKbnøMnUvRTBüsm,tþi R)ak;kasTMnijb¤Éksar¬EdlEcg

GMBIkatBVkic© b¤EdlmanEcgBIkaredaHbnÞúk¦ KWminEmnéKbnøMGñkkan;kab;RTBüsm,tþieT.

cMeBaHGñkEdlRtUvéKbnøMenaHKWm©as;kmµsiT§im©as;TIkEnøgb¤Gñkkan;kab;.Bakü{m©as;kmµsiT§i}

esµInwgBakü)araMgfa propriétaire EdlCaGñkmankmµsiT§iRsbc,ab;edIm,IeRbIR)as; TTYlpl

cat;Ecg ¬dUcCalk; eFVIGMeNayCaedIm¦. eyagtamlMdab;BaküEdleRbIkñúgGtßbTCaPasa

)araMgBakü{m©as;TIkEnøg}RbEhlCaERbmkBIBakü)araMgpossesseursnigBakü{Gñkkan;kab;}

ERbmkBI détenteur eRBaHkñúgGtßbT)araMgeKdak;tamlMdab; propriétaires, possesseurs

nig détenteurs. BaküTaMgBIrenH ebIERbCaBaküsamBaØesÞIrEtmann½yfakan;kab;dUcKña

b:uEnþmansßanPaBKtiyutþxusKñaxøH.3m©as;kmµsiT§imandUcCam©as;rfynþEdlmanlixitkmµsiT§i

RtwmRtUv. Possesseurs mandUcCaGñkEdlmanrfynþ EtminTan;)ancuHbBa¢IkmµsiT§i b¤ePaKIdI

cMENkÉdétenteursmandUcCaGñkCYlpÞHeKenAGñkTTYlvtßúEdleKdMkl;TukCamYyb¤GñkTTYl

rbs;eKTuklk;CaedIm. edIm,IPaBgayRsYlkñúgkarsresrGtßbTenH cab;BIcMNucenHeTA

ebIGñkGaneXIjBakü{m©as;rbs;}b¤{m©as;vtßúBaküenHsMedAdl;mnusSRbePTNamYyénRbePT

TaMgbIKWpropriétaires,possesseursnigdétenteurs.

tmkeTotsYrfa etIeKRbKl;[tamrebobNa?. cemøIy eyIgeXIjfa RTBüsm,tþi

R)ak;kas TMnij b¤Éksar RtUv)anRbKl;mk[GñkEdlRtUvCab;ecaTBIbTrMelaPelIesckþITuk

citþCarebobCYl[Carebobdak;tMkl;TukCaGaNtþiCakar[x©IRbKl;[edIm,IbMeBjkargarGVI

mYy¬EdlCnenaHeFVIykkMérkþIb¤minykkMérkþI¦.

cugbMput CnEdlRtUvCab;ecaTRtUvRbKl;[m©as;eKvij b¤faRtUveRbIR)as;va[RtUvtam

eKaledAEdlm©as;cg;[eRbI.kñúgenHEdreyIgeXIjmanBakü{eFVICatMNag}.eyIgnwgBinitü

enAxageRkayfaetIBaküenHmann½ydUcemþc.

edIm,I[gayyl;eKKYrbMEbkXøaepSg²enAkñúgmaRta46tamrebobdUcteTAenH

2BaküpossesseursKWsMedAdl;CnEdlmanpossessionnigdétenteur)andl;CnEdlmandétention.eKalKMnitKtiyutþénBaküpossessionnigdétentionmanlkçN³Evgq¶ayminKYrykmkbriyayenATIenHeTb:uEnþGñkGanGacrkeXIjenAkñúgeKalKMnitc,ab;Tak;TgnwgkmµsiT§iCaBiesseKalKMnitcorpusniganimus.

3BaküpossesseursKWsMedAdl;CnEdlmanpossessionnigdétenteur)andl;CnEdlmandétention.eKalKMnitKtiyutþénBaküpossessionnigdétentionmanlkçN³Evgq¶ayminKYrykmkbriyayenATIenHeTb:uEnþGñkGanGacrkeXIjenAkñúgeKalKMnitc,ab;Tak;TgnwgkmµsiT§iCaBiesseKalKMnitcorpusniganimus.

]bsm



72

1> CnNaEdléKbnøM b¤bM)at;[xUcRbeyaCn_dl;m©as;kmµsiT§i m©as;TIkEnøg b¤

Gñkkan;kab;nUv³

k> RTBüsm,tþi

x> R)ak;kas

K> TMnijb¤

X> RKb;ÉksarEdlmanb¤Ecg

X1>katBVkic©b¤

X2>karedaHbnÞúk

2> EdleKRbKl;[mkxøÜn

k> kñúglkçN³Ca³

k1> karCYl

k2> kardMkl;Tuk

k3> GaNtþi

k4>kar[x©IeRbI

x> edIm,IkargarmanebovtSb¤KµanebovtS

3>EdlRtUvRbKl;[eKvij b¤eFVICatMNag4b¤sMrab;eRbIR)as;b¤CamuxkarmankMNt;

4> RtUvmaneTasmCÄwmBIbTrMelaPelITMnukcitþ ehIyRtUvpþnÞaeTasdak;KukBI 1qñaM eTA

5qñaM.

tamkarbMEbkGtßbTénmaRta 46 enHeyIgeXIjfa maRtaenHmanrcnasm GMeBIéKbnøM b¤ bM)at; nigbc©½yénGMeBIenH ¬karxUcxatRbeyaCn_Edlm©as;vtßúRtUv

rgedaysarGMeBIéKbnøMb¤bM)at;¦

2> vtßúb¤kmµvtßúénGMeBIéKbnøMb¤bM)at;¬dUcCaRTBüsm,tþiR)ak;kas.l.¦

3> karpÞúkpþak;vtßú b¤kmµvtßúenHenACamYynwgCnEdlRtUvCab;ecaTBIGMeBIéKbnøM b¤bM)at;

RBmTaMglkçx½NÐnigeKalbMNgénkarpÞúkpþak;enH ¬dUcCa pÞúkpþak;CaebobCYl[

CakardMkl;Cakar[x©ICaedIm¦

4> lkçx½NÐmYyEdlbBa¢ak;fam©as;vtßúb¤kmµvtßúminmanbMNge)aHbg;kmµsiT§i b¤ pl

RbeyaCn_elIvtßú b¤kmµvtßúrbs;xøÜn edaykMNt;fa RtUvEtRbKl; b¤bgðajvtßúenaH

mkxøÜnvijtameBlkMNt;Camunb¤tamkarcg;)anb¤cg;eXIjrbs;BIsMNak;m©as;

5> EpñkcugeRkayKWkarkMNt;kMriteTasdl;CnEdléKbnøMb¤bM)at;vtßúenaH.

4BaküenHKYrdak;fa{bgðajeLIgvij}.

]bsm


73


K>FatupSMénbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

K>1 FatupSMsMPar³

FatupSMxagGMeBIKWsMedAdl;karéKbnøMb¤karbM)at;.karéKbnøMb¤karbM)at;enHnwgekIt

maneLIgenAeBlNaEdlm©as;vtßú ElgGacGnuvtþsiT§irbs;xøÜnelIvtßúenaH bnÞab;BIkarRbRBwtþ

e)akbnøMBIsMNak;GñkEdleK)anpÞúkpþak;vtßúenaHenACamYy.

karéKbnøM b¤karbM)at;enAkñúgbTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ mankarxusKñaBIkarlYc

Rtg;RbkarEdlfa enAkñúgkarlYc m©as;vtßúmin)anpÞúkpþak;vtßúCamYyGñklYceT. cMENkÉenAkñúg

bTelµIselIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ m©as;vtßú)anTukdak;vtßúCamYyCnCab;ecaT tamry³

karRBmeRBogKñamYy. karRBmeRBogenHbegáIt)anCakic©snüamYy dUcCakic©snüaCYlrfynþ

[GtifiCnmñak;eTAdwkTMnijCaedIm. kic©snüaenH)anbegáItTMnak;TMngmYyrvagm©as;rbs; nig

GñkTTYlTukdak;rbs; EdlGñkTTYlrbs;mankrNIykic©cMbgmYyehAfa {krNIykic©bMeBj

TMnukcitþ} EdlPasaGg;eKøsehAfa “fiduciary duty” . GñkTTYlTukdak;rbs;RtUvbMeBj

krNIykic©rkSasuT§citþrbs;xøÜnkarCaTITukcitþrbs;GñkRbKl;nigPaBeTogRtg;minevocevrcMeBaH

GñkRbKl;. karéKbnøM b¤ karbM)at; nwgekItmaneLIgenAeBlNaGñkEdlTTYlTukdak;vtßú)an

elµIselIkrNIykic©enH.

dUecñH kalNaeKniyayGMBIbTelµIselIesckþITukcitþ cMNucmundMbUgbg¥s;EdlRtUv

ecaTsYrenaHKWfa etIGñkTaMgBIr)anbegáItTMnak;TMngkic©snüaEdrb¤eT. enAkñúgmaRtaén

bTelµIselIesckþITukcitþ eK)anerobrab;kic©snüa b¤TMnak;TMngcMnYn 5 KW kic©snüaCYl

kic©snüadak;dMkl;Tuk GaNtþi kic©snüa [x©IeRbI nigkic©snüakargar.5 karEdleyIgmindak;

GaNtþiCakic©snüaenATIenH BIeRBaHGaNtþienHGacekIteLIgBIkic©snüab¤ BIGMNactulakarb¤

GMNacc,ab;.eyIgnwgBiPakSabBaðaenHenAEpñkxageRkayeTot.

K>2 FatupSMxagpøÚvsti

dUcKñanwgbTelµIsRBhµTNÐdéTeTotEdrbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþtRmUv[manectna

edIm,IRbRBwtþkaréKbM)at;.ectnaenHKWCaectnabnøM(fraudulentintent).ectnabnøMGacsnñidæan

ecjBIkarminesµaHRtg;cMeBaHGñkRbKl;. ]TahrN_ CagmasEdlTTYlPar³eFVIExSk ehIy

EbrCakat;ykduMmasxøH rYcehIybBa©Úlelah³epSgedIm,IbRgÁb;Tm¶n;edImvij. ebICagmasKµan

ehtuplGVIBnül; eRkABIcg;ykduMmasxøHeFVICarbs;xøÜneTenaH enAeBlenHGsuT§citþBitCa)an

ekIteLIg.

pÞúyeTAvij bTelµIsrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþminGacekIteLIg)aneT ebIeKminGac

bgðajfaCnCab;ecaTmanectnabnøM.]TahrN_ elakcan; enAPñMeBjTTYlR)ak;BImitþP½Rkþ

5RkmRBhµTNÐ)araMgfµInigesckþIRBagRkmRBhµTNÐfµIrbs;Exµrmin)anrayBIRbePTénkic©snüaEdlCakmµvtßúénc,ab;sþIBIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþeT.

]bsm



74

rbs;xøÜnKWelakvasna enAextþ)at;dMbgedIm,ITukbg;éføsala[kUnelakvasna eron

enAPñMeBjedayelakvasnayl;RBm[elakcan;kat;ykR)ak;5PaKryedIm,IeRbIR)as;

pÞal;xøÜn. enAeBlEdlmanmnusSmñak;mksuMcgkar edaysnüa[cugkarx3 Büsnkmµ

eTaHbIFatupSMxagelIRtUv)anrkeXIjkþI EtebIplénkaréKbnøMminnaM[mankarxUcxat

dl;m©as;rbs;eTenaHbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþk¾minGacekIteLIg)anEdr.BüsnkmµekIteLIg

kalNam©as;vtßú)at;bg;b¤minGaceRbIR)as;siT§irbs;xøÜneTAelIvtßúEdlRbKl;eTA[cugecaT.

k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIdl;eBlRbKl;vtßúeTAm©as;edImvij EtcugecaTmankaryWty:av

kñúgkarRbKl;vtßúenaH k¾minEmnmann½ydac;xatcugecaT )anRbRBwtþbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

Edr.karrgeRKaH)at;bg;vtßúrbs;m©as;RtUvelcecjBIlT§plénectnabnøMBit²rbs;cugecaT.

X> vtßúb¤kmµvtßúénbTrMelaP

maRta46énbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþGnuvtþ)anelIvtßúEdl)anerobrab;kñúgmaRtaenH

dUcCaRTBüsm,tþiR)ak;kasTMnijnigÉksarEdlmanb¤EcgGMBIkatBVkic©b¤karedaHbnÞúk.6

X>1 RTBüsm,tþi

eKmindwgc,as;fa BaküfaRTBüsm,tþienAkñúgmaRtaenH rab;bBa©ÚlclnRTBünig

GclnRTBü b¤y:agNaenaHeT. edaysarc,ab;enHRtUv)ancmøgecjBIc,ab;RBhµTNÐ)araMg

6RkmRBhµTNÐ)araMgfµInigesckþIRBagRkmRBhµTNÐfµIrbs;Exµrmin)anraykñúglkçN³mankMritGMBIvtßúEdlsßitkñúgrgVg;EdnGnuvtþénc,ab;sþIBIkarrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþdUcmuneToteTedayRKan;Etrab;bBa©Úl{mUlniFitémø

b¤RTBüsm,tþiGVImYy}.sUmemIlmaRta314-1énRkmRBhµTNÐ)araMgnigmaRta404énesckþIRBagRkm

RBhµTNÐExµr.

]bsm


75


eKKYrBinitüemIlbJsKl;énBaküenH.RTBüsm,tþienAkñúgmaRta46EdlCaPasa)araMgKWBakü

“Biens” . enAkñúg saldIkarbs;salavinicä½y)araMgelx6295 cuHéf¶TI10 tula2001

Ecgfa {bTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþGacTak;TgEtnwg mUlniFi témø b¤RTBüsm,tþiepSg²

elIkElgEtGclnRTBüecj}. tulakarenHbnþenAcugbBa©b;énsaldIkafa {sala]T§rN_

EdlpþnÞakareRbIR)as;edayrMelaPnUv GclnvtßúmYy edaysarEtkarminRbKl;kUnesaedIm,I[

eKGacecjcUlkñúgGclnvtßúenaH)an KWminyl;BIGtßn½ynigEdnGnuvtþénGtßbTc,ab;Edl

bBa¢ak;xagelI}.7

cMeBaHRbeTs)araMgehtuplEdlfabTrMelaPenHminGnuvtþelIGclnvtßúKWedaysar

m©as;GacykRTBürbs;xøÜnvij)anedaysareKmansiT§itamykvij (droit de suite)8 .

ehtuplenHGacfasmehtusmpl edaysarRbeTsenHmanRbB½n§kt;RtakmµsiT§i nigRbvtþi

énkarepÞr b¤pøas;bþÚrkmµsiT§i RtwmRtUvnigCak;lak; kmµsiT§ielIGclnvtßúmanesßrPaBnigman

ynþkarkarBarhµWgm:at; EdlkarbM)at;b¤bEgVrminGacnwgeFVI)anedayKµankaryl;RBmBIm©as;.

cMENkÉclnvtßúvijBuMMmankarkarBardUcGclnvtßúeT elIkElgEtm©as;manlixitkmµsiT§i

CaPsþútag.

enARbeTsGaemrik rdæxøHCaBiessenArdæGUkøahUm:a tulakar]T§rN_RBhµTNÐén rdæ

enH)anbkRsayRTBüsm,tþiEdlEcgenAkñúgc,ab;RBhµTNÐénrdæenHfaCaclnRTBü eTaHbI

enAkñúgc,ab;eKBuM)anEcgfaclnRTBükþI. tulakarrdæxøH nigGñkniBn§c,ab;xøHyl;fa karéKbnøM

Gacrab;bBa©Úl GclnRTBüEdr b:uEnþk¾mantulakar nigGñkniBn§xøHeTotEdlyl;fa bTelµIs

enHRKbdNþb;EtelIclnRTBüb:ueNÑaH. tulakar]T§rN_RBhµTNÐ rdæGUkøahUm:a )ansnñidæanfa

bTelµIséKbnøMmanedImkMeNItBIbTelµIslYc. bTelµIslYc EdlRKbdNþb;Etclnvtßú

ehIymanFatupSMmYyKW {karhUtykeTA)at;} nUv {vtßúEdlCnelµIsminmanePaK³Rsbc,ab;}

enaHbBa¢ak;[eXIjfa c,ab;sþIBIkarlYcminGacGnuvtþ)ancMeBaHkaréKbnøMvtßú EdlenAkñúgenaH

CnelµIsmanePaK³Rsbc,ab;. dUecñHbTelµIssþIBIkaréKbnøM RKan;EtbEnßmcenøaHRbehag

EdlmanenAc,ab;Tak;TgnwgbTelµIslYcb:ueNÑaH edaybEnßmFatupSMén {kardkhUtvtßúGñkdéT

EdlsßitenAkñúgkarkan;kab;Rsbc,ab;rbs;CnelµIs}.9

ebIGnuvtþehtuplxagelImkRbeTsExµrvij KWc,ab;sþIBIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ

pþnÞaeTasEteTAelIkarRbRBwtþelIclnvtßúCaCagGclnvtßúenaHenARbeTsExµrGacmanKuNvibtþi

eRcInedaysarm©as;GclnvtßúPaKeRcInKµanlixitkmµsiT§isMrab;sMKal;kmµsiT§iRsbc,ab;rbs;xøÜn

ehIyBuMTan;manRbB½n§kt;RtamaMTaMEdlCakargaykñúgkaréKbnøMb¤bEgVkmµsiT§iGñkdéT.

7http://lexinter.net/JPTXT/bien_quelconque.htm,9]sPa2003.8Françoise SIBAUD, De L’Abus de Confiance; 9eyabl;rbs;KN³kmµaFikar, www.okcca.net/datafiles/legal/oklahoma/ouji/criminal/OUJI-CR%205-21.html

]bsm



76

]TahrN_énRTBüsm,tþimandUcCarfynþEdleKTuk[CagCYsCuleRKOgGlgáaEdl

dak;bBa©aMyanCMniHEdlepJIenATIpSar.l.

X>2 R)ak;kas nig TMnij

R)ak;kas nigTMnijKWCavtßúEdlgay[niymn½yCageK. ]TahrN_ R)ak;Edl K

Nenyükrkan;kab;R)ak;EdlepJITuknwgGñkNamñak; TMnijEdlTTYldwkCBa¢ÚnedayRkumh‘un

dwknaMTMnijEdlepJITukkñúgXøaMg.l.

nwgekItmankaréKbnøMkalNaCnNamñak;ykR)ak;EdleK)anRbKl;edIm,I[eFVIkic©kar

GVImYymkeFVICarbs;xøÜn. dUcKñaEdr cMeBaHKNenyükrEdlRKb;RKgR)ak;sMrab;bMerIkarrbs;

Rkumh‘un Et)andkykR)ak;enaHeTAcayCaRbeyaCn_xøÜnÉg. TMnijmYycMnYnRtUv)anéKbnøMEdr

kalNaRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún)andkykBIkugeTIn½rnUvrbs;EdleKCYl[dwk.

g>TMnak;TMngkic©snüarvagm©as;vtßúnigGñkTTYl

maRta 46 énbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ RKbdNþb;EtelIRbePTénkic©snüamYy

cMnYnb:ueNÑaH KWkic©snüaCYl kic©snüadMkl;Tuk GaNtþi kic©snüa[x©IeRbI nigkic©snüakargar.

munnwgBicarNaeTAdl;cMNuc faetImankaréKbnøM b¤KµanenaH eKRtUvkMNt;faetImanTMnak;TMng

kic©snüarvagm©as;vtßúnigGñkTTYlEdrb¤eTeRBaHbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþekItecjBIkarelµIs

elIxénkic©snüaEdl)anerobrab;xagedImenH. mansMNYrecaTsYrfa ebIkic©snüaenaHKµan

suBlPaB etItulakarenAEtGacbnþerOgkþIGaCJaénbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ)anb¤y:agNa.

tamkrNIyutþisaRsþ)araMg GsuBlPaBénkic©snüa minGacCaykmkeFVICamUldæansMrab;raraMg

min[dMeNIrkarénbNþwgGaCJaénbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþeT.]TahrN_ebImankic©snüarvag

PaKImçagEdl CaGnItiCnedIm,IepJITukrbs; rYcehIyPaKImçageTotEdlCanItiCn)anéKbM)at;

rbs;epJIenaHeTA PaKInItiCnenaHminGacelIkehtuplfa edaysarkic©snüaenHKµansuBlPaB

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]bsm


77


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78

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]bsm


79


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karbþwgeTAtulakar[ecaTRbkan;BIbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ.b:uEnþebIerOgenHCaerOgkic©snüa

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80

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karCYlTIkEnøg dUcCaTIkEnøgsMrab;RbkbGaCIvkmµKWCakic©snüaEdlPaKIm©as;kEnøg

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eKeRcIneFVI kic©snüaedaykMNt;ry³eBlénkarCYl RBmTaMgkarbg;R)ak;dMkl;CamunxøHedIm,I

]bsm


81


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enaHeKminGacecaTGñksuMCYlfa)anRbRBwtþbTrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþrbs;m©as;TIkEnøg)aneT

eRBaHfam©as;TIkEnøgenAEtmansiT§inigGMNacelITIkEnøgrbs;xøÜndEdlKµan )at;bg;eTANa.

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dEdl KWKµankarepÞrkmµsiT§iNamYy BIm©as;eTA[GñkTTYlRTBüenaHeT ehIyeRkayBI)ansiT§i

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eKRtUvBinitüedayl¥itl¥n;GMBIFatupSMénbTelµIsenH.

]bsm

83


karviPaKB½t’manEdlTTYl)anmkBIRksYgyutþiFm’

extþ¼Rkug 2002 2003 2004 2005srubtam

extþnImYy²PaKryén cMnYnsrub

PñMeBj10 mindwg mindwg mindwg mindwg 861 71/6%

)at;dMbg 49 65 49 42 205 17/1%

RkugRBHsIhnu 27 21 29 22 99 8/2%

kMBg;cam 3 4 13 17 37 3/1%

srubcMnYnerOgkþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ 1202

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pþl;eGayedayRksYgyutþiFm’enAqñaM2006.

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dl; 2005

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kñúgEbbbTepSg²BIKña.

karviPaKB½t’man EdlTTYl)anmkBI RksYgyutþiFm’

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84

taragTI3³ kareRbobeFobcMnYnerOgkþIrMelaPelIesckþITukcitþ KitCaPaKryénerOgkIþ

srubenAkñúgTIRkugPñMeBj extþ)at;dMbg nigextþkMBg;cam/ KitBIqñaM 2000

dl; 2005

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kariyal½yenAhaNUy 63 Ly Thai To St., 3rd floor

Hanoi, Vietnam Tel: (84 4) 824 7892 Fax: (84 4) 824 7898

kariyal½yenATIRkughUCImIj Somerset Chancellor Court

21-23 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai St. 3rd floorDist.1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Tel: (84 8) 823 5266Fax: (84 8) 823 5271

kariyal½yenAPñMeBj70 Norodom Blvd., Sangkat Chey Chumnas

Phnom Penh, P.O Box 1115, CambodiaTel: (855 23) 210 922 Fax: (855 23) 215 157

kariyal½yenAevogc½nÞ 90 Phonexay Rd, P.O Box 9690

Vientiane, Lao P.D.R.Tel: (856 21) 450 017-9

Fax: (856 21) 450 020

www.mpdf.org

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karbipaksaelivis½yÉkcn elx 23sokly.yolasite.com/resources/breach+of+trust+in+cambodia... · 2011....

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