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KARYA TULIS AKHIR
PENGARUH INTENSITAS LATIHAN AEROB TERHADAP VO2 max
ATLET RENANG WANITA CABANG RENANG GAYA KUPU-KUPU
KELOMPOK UMUR 13-15 TAHUN
Oleh:
ELINA QONITA
201110330311148
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
2016
iii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN
Telah disetujui sebagai hasil penelitian
Untuk memenuhi persyaratan
Pendidikan Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Tanggal :
20 Agustus 2016
Pembimbing I
dr. Annisa’ Hasanah, M.Si
Pembimbing II
dr. Thontowi Djauhari, M.Kes
Mengetahui,
Fakultas Kedokteran,
Dekan,
dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes
iv
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN
Karya Tulis Akhir oleh Elina Qonita ini telah diuji dan dipertahankan di depan Tim
Penguji pada 9 Agustus 2016
Tim Penguji
dr. Annisa’ Hasanah, M.Si Ketua
dr. Thontowi Djauhari, M.Kes Anggota
dr. Iwan Sis Indrawanto, Sp.KJ Anggota
v
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaykum Wr.Wb
Syukur Alhamdulillah kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan
hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Karya Tulis Akhir yang berjudul
“Pengaruh Intensitas Latihan Aerob terhadap VO2 Max Atlet Renang Wanita Kelompok
Umur 13-15 Tahun”
Karya tulis ini disusun sebagai salah satu persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan
Program Sarjana Kedokteran S1 (Strata 1). Dalam kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan
terima kasih yang setulusnya pada pihak yang telah mendukung penyelesaian Karya Tulis
Akhir ini, terutama kepada:
1. Orang tua saya Khoirul Huda dan Qomariyah, saudara penulis Dinia Audia yang
telah memberikan doa, semangat dan dorongan motivasi sehingga penulis dapat
terus berjuang menyelesaikan karya tulis ini.
2. dr. Annisa’ Hasanah, M.Si dan dr. Thontowi Djauhari, M.kes selaku dosen
pembimbing dalam penulisan karya tulis akhir ini yang telah memberikan
bimbingan, masukan, motivasi, dan saran yang membangun demi kesempurnaan
karya tulis ini.
vi
3. dr. Iwan Sis Indrawanto, Sp.KJ selaku dosen penguji atas berbagai saran, kritik,
dan masukan agar karya tulis ini menjadi lebih baik.
4. dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes selaku Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang
5. dr. Moch. Ma’roef, Sp. OG selaku Pembantu Dekan I Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
6. dr. Rahayu, Sp.S selaku Pembantu Dekan II Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang
7. dr. Iwan Sys, Sp. KJ selaku Pembantu Dekan III Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang
8. Seluruh dosen dan Staf Pengajar Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang yang dengan tulus telah memberikan banyak ilmunya
9. Teman-teman yang saya sayangi dan Inshaa Allah disayangi Allah, Dian, Aisha,
Nina, Ulfa, Hana, Azilu,
10. Teman teman yang telah memberikan semangat untuk terus berusaha Reni, Denia,
Eky, Lia
11. Teman-teman yang selalu memberikan pemikiran lain Resti, Anisa, Tria, Winda,
Anin, Martasya, Marshela, Kirana, Pratiwi, Hapsari, Riri
12. Teman-teman yang telah banyak membantu dalam proses penyelesaian karya tulis
ini seluruh Atlet “Persatuan Renang Taman Harapan” beserta seluruh pelatih
13. Seluruh teman-teman Fakultas Kedokteran UMM angkatan 2011 dan 2012 yang
telah membagikan ilmu, pengalaman, cerita, dan bantuannya.
vii
14. Teman-teman yang menguatkan penulis melalui doa dan penyaluran semangatnya
semoga kita bisa sukses bersama-sama walaupun jalan yang mungkin tidak sama
15. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan namanya satu-persatu yang telah
memberikan dukungan lewat doa dalam penyelesaian karya tulis ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan karya tulis ini masih jauh dari sempurna,
sehingga penulis membuka diri untuk segala kritik dan saran yang bersifat
membangun. Akhirnya penulis berharap semoga karya tulis ini dapat memberikan
manfaat dan wawasan bagi masyarakat, khususnya dalam bidang kesehatan.
Malang, 9 Agustus 2016
Penulis
x
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL...………………………………………………………………ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN…………………………………………………………iii
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN……………………………………………………………iv
KATA PENGANTAR……………………………………………………………….v
ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………………….viii
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………ix
DAFTAR ISI……...………………………………………………………………….x
DAFTAR TABEL……………..……………………………………………………xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR…………………….………………………………………...xiii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN………………………….……………………………….xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN……………………………………………………………..xv
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang………………………………………………………...1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah……………………………………………………..3
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian
1.3.1 Tujuan umum……………………………………….…………3
1.3.2 Tujuan khusus……………………………………….………...3
1.4 Manfaan Penelitian
1.4.1 Manfaat akademis…..…………………………………………4
1.4.2 Manfaat klinis…………………………………………………4
1.4.3 Manfaat masyarakat…………………………………………...4
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Renang………………………………………………………………...5
2.1.1 Gaya Dada (Breast Stroke)……………………………………6
2.1.2 Gaya Bebas (Freestyle)………………………………………..7
2.1.3 Gaya Kupu-kupu (Butterfly)…………………………………..8
2.1.4 Gaya Punggung (Backstroke)……………………………..…..9
2.2 VO2 Max…………………………………………………………….10
2.3.1 Pengukuran VO2 Max……………………………………….12
2.3.2 Faktor yang mempengaruhi VO2 Max………………………19
2.3.3 VO2 Max pada kelompok umur……………………..………21
2.3.4 VO2 max terhadap sistem kardio-respirasi…………..……...21
BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN
3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian……………………………………..23
3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian………………………………………………….25
BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN
4.1 Rancangan dan Jenis Penelitian……………………………………...26
xi
4.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian………………………………………..26
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian……………………………………...26
4.3.1 Populasi penelitian…………………………………………...26
4.3.2 Sampel penelitian…………………………………………….26
4.3.3 Besar sampel…………………………………………………26
4.3.4 Tehnik pengambilan sampel…………………………………27
4.4 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian
4.4.1 Kriteria inklusi……………………………………………….27
4.4.2 Kriteria eksklusi……………………………………………...27
4.5 Variabel Penelitian…………………………………………………...28
4.5.1 Variabel Bebas……………………………………………….28
4.5.2 Variabel Tergantung…………………………………………28
4.6 Definisi Operasional…………………………………………………28
4.7 Instrumen Penelitian…………………………………………………28
4.8 Prosedur Penelitian…………………………………………………..30
4.8.1 Pengukuran Indeks Massa Tubuh……………………………...30
4.8.2 Pengukuran Nilai VO2 Max…………………………………...31
4.8.3 Pelaksanaan Perhitungan VO2 Max dengan latihan Butterfly...31
4.9. Alur Penelitian……………………………………………………….32
4. 10 Analisis Data…………………………………………………………33
BAB 5 HASIL DAN ANALISIS DATA PENELITIAN
5.1 Hasil Penelitian…………………. ………………………………………34
5.2 Analisis Data……………………………………………………………. 34
BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN…………………………………………………………….38
BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
7.1 Kesimpulan…………………………………………...…………….. 41
7.2 Saran……………………………………………………………...… 41
DAFTAR PUSTAKA………………………………………………………………43
LAMPIRAN…………………………………………..…………………………….48
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel………………………………………………………………..…………Halaman
2.1 Derajat VO2 Max tiap Olahraga…………………………..…..…………………14
2.2 Perhitungan VO2 Max dengan Treadmill..…………………...………..………………...17
2.3 Perhitungan VO2 Max dengan Field Test……………..………………..……….17
5.1 Karakteristik usia dengan Rerata VO2 Max tiap perlakuan intensitas latihan
aerob………………………………………….…………………………………37
5.2 Uji Normalitas………………..……………………..…………………………...38
5.3 Tes Homogenitas data……………………………………..…………………….38
5.4 Uji Oneway ANOVA……………………………………………..……………..38
5.5 Uji Post Hoc …………………………………………………………….………39
5.6 Uji Korelasi Pearson……………………………………………………………..40
xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar………………………………………………………………………..Halaman
2.1 Gaya Dada…………………………………..………………………………….…6
2. 2 Gaya Bebas……………………………………………………………………….7
2. 3 Gaya Kupu-kupu………………………………………………………………….8
2. 4 Gaya Punggung…………………………...……………………………………....9
3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian………………..……………………………..…22
xiv
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
ASCM : American College of Sports Medicine
ATP : Adenosine Triphosphate
BB : Berat Badan
BMI : Body Mass Index
BPM : Blood Pressure Monitor
CDC : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CO2 : Carbon Dioxide
CST : Critical Swim Speed Test
ECG : Electrocardiography
EMG : Electromyography
FINA : Fédération Internationale de Natation
GH : Growth-Hormone
HDL : High-Density Lipoprotein
HR : Heart Rate
IMT : Indek Massa Tubuh
IOC : International Olympic Committee
KRAPSI : Kejuaraan Renang Antar Perkumpulan Seluruh Indonesia
LDL : Low-Density Lipoprotein
MSS : Maximal Steady-State Consumption
O2 : Oksigen
PRSI : Persatuan Renang Seluruh Indonesia
rpm : rotation per minute
SEE : Standart Error of Estimate
SL : Stroke Length
SR : Stroke Rate
TB : Tinggi Badan
VO2 Max : Volume Oksigen Maximal
WHO : World Health Organization
xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran……………………………………………………………………...Halaman
1. Informed Consent…………………………………………………………………49
2. Ijin Penelitian……………………………………………………………….……..51
3. Hasil statistik dan SPSS……………………………………………………….…..53
4 Daftar Subjek Penelitian dan Hasil VO2 Max Subjek………………………….….56
5. Dokumentasi Penelitian…………………………………………………………...57
6. Chart IMT persentil CDC…………………………………………………………58
43
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