k;djg j. lshk udoh l¾udka;hla wfo :-) id

Y%S ,xldfõ ckudOH lafIa;%h yd jD;a;sh k`.d isgqùug ie,eiaula

ckudOH m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd jk f,alï ld¾hd,h

2016 uehs

O,:-/ k;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla

WfO,:-) id

1ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''


ckudOH m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd jk f,alï ld¾hd,h

2016 uehs

II ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

m%ldYlfhda (

ckudOH m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd jk f,alï ld¾hd,h (SMR)cd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.s;dj (IMS)www.mediasupport.org

jd¾;dj ilia l< lKavdhu(

úchdkkao chùr ^WmfoaYl&

lreKdr;ak mrKú;dk ^wkqYdil&

wdpd¾h rx. l,kaiQßh ^wkqYdil&

wdpd¾h m%§ma tka' ùrisxy îNdm;s yd f;aud;aul m%OdkS&

kd,l .=Kj¾Ok ^WmfoaYl ixialdrl&

l=udß fj,f.or îdudðl&

l=ud¾ f,dafmaia îdudðl&

isxy, mßj¾;kh( wð;a merl=ï chisxy

msgljr ks¾udKh( o¾Yk lreKd;s,l

msgq ie,eiqï yd ks¾udKh( o¾Yk lreKd;s,l

uqøKh( uefciaála m%skaÜ fIdma" mkak," Y%S ,xld

m<uq uqøKh 2016 uehs

This publication is available in Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/

Wmqgd ±laùu i|yd ks¾foaYh: Secretariat for Media Reforms (2016). Rebuilding Public Trust: An Assessment of the Media Industry and Profession in Sri Lanka. Colombo: SMR/IMS

ISBN: 978-955-3958-01-3

IIIck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

ia;=;sh

u jd¾;dj ieliSu isÿ jQ udi 14l

ld,h ;=< rch" Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kh" úYaj úoHd, wdpd¾hjre" udOHfõ§kaf.a

ixúOdk" udOHfõ§ka" udOH wdh;k m%OdkSka"

udOH l<ukdlrejka" m¾fhaIlfhda" isú,a iudch

yd iud.ï wxYh we;=¿ mqoa.,fhda yd wdh;k

/ila úúOdldrfhka odhl jQ y'

ta fjkqfjka ia;=;sh msßkefï' iïuqL

idlÉPdj,g iyNd.s jQ wh yd Wmfoia iemhQ wh

m<uq weuqKqfuys oelafõ'

thg wu;rj" jákd újrK iemhQ my;

i|yka msßigo jd¾;d ieliqï lKavdhu ish

lD;{;dj m< lrhs'

• wdpd¾h ú,shï fl%da,s" fmdÿ rdcH wOHhk

wdh;kfha idudðl" ,kavka úYajúoHd,h"

tlai;a rdcOdksh

• uhsl,a fÊ' wd¾' fâúâ" ysgmq ckudOHfõ§

^îîiS f,dal fiajh - isxy, wxYh&" fcHIaG

l:sldpd¾h" Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

• iqkkao foaYm%sh" hqla;sh mqj;amf;a ysgmq l¾;D"

udOH ksoyi yd udkj ysñlï l%shdldßl"

iaúÜi¾,ka;h

• wdpd¾h frdydka tÈßisxy" ysgmq l:sldpd¾h"

kS;s mSGh" fld<U úYajúoHd,h

• uydpd¾h fI,agka ta' .=Kr;ak" ck

ikaksfõokh ms<sn| úY%dñl f.!rj uydpd¾h"

ñfkfidgd rdcH úYajúoHd,h" uqj¾fyâ"

tlai;a ckmoh

• fgdaì fukav,a" úOdhl wOHlaI" kS;sh yd

m%cd;ka;%jdoh ms<sn| uOHia:dkh" lekvdj

• wdpd¾h fâúâ fmaÊ" idudðl" fmdÿrdcH

wOHhk wdh;kh" ,kavka úYajúoHd,h"

tlai;a rdcOdksh

•kS;s{ lsYd,s mskafgda chj¾Ok" kS;s úYaf,aIl yd

;Sre ,sms rpl" ikafâ ghsïia mqj;am;" Y%S ,xldj

• uydpd¾h frdydka iurÔj" ikaksfõok Ydia;%{

yd LIRNEasia wdh;kfha iudrïNl iNdm;s

• wdpd¾h wix. je,sl," fmdÿ kS;sh ms<sn|

l:sldpd¾h - täkan¾.a kS;s úoHd,h" iu

wOHlaI - jHjia:d kS;sh ms<sn| täkan¾.a

uOHia:dkh" tlai;a rdcOdksh

•kS;s{ f.ydka .=K;s,l - fjßfÜ ßi¾É

wjika f,aLkfha jrola ;sfí kï ta iïnkaOfhka

j.lsj hq;= jkafka ixialdrljreka muKs'

fojk weuqKqfuys kï olajd ;sfnk m¾fhaIK

iydhl lKavdhug o ixialdrljrekaf.a

ia;=;sh msßkefï'

fu

IV ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

AAAA Accredited Advertising Agencies AssociationACJ Asian College of JournalismADIC Alcohol and Drug Information CentreAHRC Asian Human Rights Commission AIBD AsiaPacificInstituteforBroadcastingDevelopmentANCL Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited (Lake House)BOP Bottom of the pyramidCBA Commonwealth Broadcasting AssociationCPA Centre for Policy Alternatives CPJ Committee to Project Journalists (US based advocacy group)CSOs Civil Society Organisations DTTB Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting DBNO Digital Broadcast Network OperatorEGOSL Editors’ Guild of Sri LankaFMETU Federation of Media Employees Trade Union FMM Free Media Movement FOE Freedom of ExpressionFUTA Federation of University Teachers AssociationsGIC Government Information CentreHRCSL Human Rights Commission of Sri LankaICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICT Information and Communications TechnologiesICTA Information and Communication Technology AgencyIFJ International Federation of JournalistsIMADR International Movement Against All Forms of Discrimination and Racism IMS International Media SupportIPDC International Programme for the Development of Communication (UNESCO)IPTV Internet Protocol Television ISP Internet Service ProviderITN Independent Television Network (Sri Lanka)ITU International Telecommunications UnionJDS Journalist for Democracy in Sri LankaJICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LBO Lanka Business OnlineLLRC Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation CommissionLTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Vck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

MCR Mahaweli Community Radio (of SLBC)MDI Media Development IndicatorsMRTC MediaResourcesandTrainingCentre(affiliatedtoUniversityofJaffna)NBN National Backbone NetworkNGO Non-Governmental OrganizationNSSL Newspaper Society of Sri LankaOSCE Organisation for Security and Cooperation in EuropePCCSL Press Complaints Commission of Sri LankaPSB Public Service BroadcastingPPB Public Performances BoardPTA Prevention of Terrorism ActRNTC Radio Nederland Training CentreRSF Reporters Without Borders (Reporters Sans Frontières in French)RTI Right to InformationSAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAFMA South Asian Free Media Association SAMSN South Asian Media Solidarity Network SARD Strategic Alliance for Research and DevelopmentSIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation AgencySLBC Sri Lanka Broadcasting CorporationSLCJ Sri Lanka College of JournalismSLMMF Sri Lanka Muslim Media Forum SLMTI Sri Lanka Media Training Institute SLPI Sri Lanka Press InstituteSLTMA Sri Lanka Tamil Media Alliance SLTTI Sri Lanka Television Training Institute SLRC Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation (National TV Broadcaster)SLWJA Sri Lanka Working Journalists AssociationSMS Short Message Service (also known as text message)TISL Transparency International Sri LankaTRCSL Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri LankaWNL Wijeya Newspapers Limited UCR Uva Community RadioUNESCOUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganisationUNHRC United Nations Human Rights Council

VI ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

idr ixlafIamh IXm%Odk ks¾foaY XIudOH m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd jk

f,alï ld¾hd,fha fmrjok XIIIcd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.S;dj (IMS)

fmrjok XIVúfYaI lreKq oelaùu - fgdaì uekav,a XVye|skaùu - úchdkkao chùr XVIudOH m%;sjHqylrKh i|yd jk

f,alï ld¾hd,hg iïnkaO jQ wdh;k XVIIIl%shdldÍ rduqj iy l%ufõoh 02

m<uq m%j¾.h(

m%ldYkfha ksoyi" nyqúONdjh yd udOH

úúO;ajh i|yd ys;lr jk

kshduk moaO;shla 131 kS;suh yd m%;sm;a;suh l%shdldÍ rduqj 162 úoHq;a úldY udOH i|yd

kshduk moaO;sh 313 ckudOHlrejkag n,mdk wmydi

kS;s yd fjk;a kS;suh ndOl 344 jdrKh 42

fojeks m%j¾.h(

udOHj, nyqúONdjh" úúO;ajh"

udOH fCIa;%fha wd¾Ól uÜgu

yd ysñldß;ajfha mdroDYHNdjh 551 udOH ixflakaøKh 582 uyck fiajd" fm!oa.,sl yd m%cd

udOHj, úúO;ajfha iïñY%Khla 663 n,m;% yd úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d ,nd §u 754 nÿ yd jHdmdr kshdukh 855 fjf<| ±kaùïlrKh 88

f;jeks m%j¾.h(

m%cd;ka;%jd§ l;sldfõ

fõÈldjla f,i udOH 1011 udOH ;=, iudcfha úúO;ajh

ksrEmKh jk wdldrh 1052 uyck fiajd udOH i|yd wdo¾Y 1093 iajhx kshdukh 1194 idOdrK;ajh yd wmlaImd;s;ajh

ms<sn| wjYH;dj 1315 udOH ms<sn| uyck úYajdifha uÜgu 1376 ckudOHlrejkaf.a wdrlaIdj 138

mgqk

VIIck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

isõjeks m%j¾.h(

m%ldYkfha ksoyi" nyqúONdjh yd úúO;ajh

fjkqfjka fmkS isák wdh;kj, jD;a;Sh

Odß;d f.dvke.Su yd tajdg Wmldr lsÍu 1531 jD;a;Sh udOH mqyqKqj ,eîfï wjia:d 1562 udOH Ndú;h ms<sn| jD;a;Sh mdGud,d 1783 jD;a;Sh iñ;sj, yd

ixúOdkj, meje;au 1884 isú,a iudc ixúOdk l%shdldß;ajh 194

miajeks m%j¾.h(

iajdëk yd nyqúO udOHj,g iyfhda.h

§u i|yd há;, myiqlï Odß;dj 2091 udOH úiska mßyrKh lrkq ,eîu

i|yd ;dlaIKsl uQ,dY% ;sîu 2122 mqj;am;a" úldY udOH yd f;dr;=re

;dlaIK jHdma;sh 218

weuqKqï 237

VIII ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

uxcqidjkays olajd we;s lreKq ,ehsia;=j

uxcqidj 1 udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl iuia;hla f,i

uxcqidj 2 ixo¾Nh( m%ldYkfha ksoyi yd udOH ksoyi

uxcqidj 3 udOH ksoyig n,mdk fjk;a kS;s w;r

uxcqidj 4 udOH nyqúONdjh hkq l=ula o@

uxcqidj 5 udOHj, ;sria ysñldß;ajh

-ÿ¾,N fmdÿ foam<la f,i úoHq;a ;rx. ud,d

uxcqidj 6 iajdëk úldY kshdukhl jHdc wdrïNh 1997

uxcqidj 7 m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh i|yd ud¾f.damfoaY

uxcqidj 8 Y%S ,xldfõ m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh( ñ:Hdj yd h:d¾:h

uxcqidj 9 rdcH wdh;kj, mqj;am;a oekaùï iSud lsÍu

uxcqidj 10 oekaùï wêl nj

uxcqidj 11 uyck fiajd úldY

uxcqidj 12 uyck fiajd úldYh( wruqK y÷kd .ekSfï wjYH;dj

uxcqidj 13 Y%S ,dxlsl udOH i|yd jD;a;Sh Ndú;dj ms<sn| ix.%yh

uxcqidj 14 2015 ckdêm;sjrK iuh ;=< rdcH udOH yeisÍu

uxcqidj 15 iajhx jdrKh úiska m%cd;ka;%jdoh Èh lrk wdldrh yd ixys¢hdjg ndOd lrk wdldrh

uxcqidj 16 udOH wOHdmkh" udOH wOHhkh yd ckudOH mqyqKqj

uxcqidj 17 iEu udOHfõÈfhl=u o; hq;= foa

uxcqidj 18 isxy, yd fou< NdId udOHj, jD;a;Sh m%ñ;sh by< kexùu

uxcqidj 19 ckudOH wOHdmk mdGud,d ;lafiare lsÍu

uxcqidj 20 udOH wOHdmkh i|yd wdo¾Y úIh ks¾foaYhla

uxcqidj 21 udOH idlaIr;dj hkq l=ula o@

uxcqidj 22 udOH wNsidÍ;dj

uxcqidj 23 iyNd.S f;dr;=re iudch fjkqfjka m%cd udOH

j.= ,ehsia;=j

j.=j 1 Y%S ,xldfõ udOH kshduk rduqj ms<sn| ksÍlaIKhla

j.=j 2 úúO udOH kshduk hdka;%K

j.=j 3 Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,h úiska msßkukq ,nk úúO mdGud,d

weuqKqï

weuqKqu 1 Wmfoia ,nd .;a mqoa.,hka yd uQ,dY%

weuqKqu 2 m¾fhaIK iydhl lKavdhu

weuqKqu3 b,lal.; lKavdhï idlÉPd idrdxYh

weuqKqu 4 2015 uy ue;sjrKh iufha foaYmd,k mlaIj,g ks¾foaY

weuqKqu 5 Y%S ,xldfõ .=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS kd,sld

weuqKqu 6 Y%S ,xldfõ .=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS n,m;% i|yd ,shdmÈxÑ wdh;k

weuqKqu 7 2015 uyck wjfndaOh iy m%;spdr ms<sn| iólaIKfha úfYaI lreKq

weuqKqu 8 ckudOHfõ§kaf.a wjfndaOh iy m%;spdr ms<sn| iólaIKfha úfYaI lreKq

IXck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

2015 ckjdß 8 od ckdêm;sjrKfhka miq

Y%S ,xldfõ kj m%cd;dka;%sl ud¾.hlg

wjia:dj Wod úh' i¾jck Pkaoh yryd isÿ

lrk ,o ta foaYmd,k fjki úiska m%ldYkfha

ksoyi yd udOH ksoyi Yla;su;a lsÍu msKsi u.

újr lr § ;sfí'

tfy;a rgl udOH ksoyi ;yjqre jQ muKgu

jD;a;ShNdjh yd iudchSh j.ùu j¾Okh

fkdfõ' th udOH l¾udka;h yd jD;a;sh ;=<skau

u;= úh hq;a;ls' udOH ksoyi ;ld È.gu wr.,

lrk w;r ;u fCIa;%fha jD;a;ShNdjh jvd;a

ÈhqKq lsÍug wjia:djla Wod ù ;sfí'

±kgu;a rch hym;a mshjr .Kkdjla f.k

;sîu iqN m%jK;djls'

• 19 jk wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh u`.ska

f;dr;=re fj; ±k.ekSfï whs;sh uQ,sl udkj

whs;sjdislula f,i ms<s f.k ;sfí'

• udOHfõ§kag tfrys ;¾ck wjika lsÍu i|yd

mshjr f.k ;sfí'

• uE; oYlfha udOHfõ§kag yd udOH

wdh;kj,g t,a, jQ we;eï m%ydr

iïnkaOfhka wmrdO úu¾Yk h<s wdrïN lr

;sfí'

• foaYmd,k wka;¾.;h iys; fjí wvú

n,y;aldrfhka yd kS;s úfrdaë f,i rg ;=<

wjysr lsÍu yryd jdrKh lsÍu wjika lr

;sfí'

tfia jqjo Y%S ,xldj m%ldYkfha ksoyi

yd udOH ksoyi jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug;a"

udOHfõ§kag yd fiiq udOH fiajlhkag

ys;lr jd;djrKhla ks¾udKh lsÍug;a ;j;a

fndfyda foa l< hq;=j ;sfí' fï i|yd wjYH

m%;sm;a;suh" kS;s yd jHqyd;aul m%;sixialrK

fjkqfjka foaYmd,k wêIaGdkh yd foaYmd,k

mCIj, iyfhda.h wjYH h'

jir úismylg jvd ld,hla mqrd mej;s hqoaOfha

;=jd, iqj lsÍfï fjfyilr ld¾hhg Wr

§ug rchg yd iuia; ck iudchgu isÿ ù

;sfí' hqoaOfha o m%;sM,hla f,i fï jk úg

,xldfõ udOH .eUqßka fn§ we;' nyq;rhla

udOH ckjd¾.sl" wd.ñl yd foaYmd,k f¾Ldjka

Tiafia ±ä f,i O%eùlrKh ù ;sfí'

ta w;r" rfÜ udOH l¾udka;h yd udOH jD;a;sh

;=< o wNHka;r w¾nqo u;= ù we;' n,j;a rdcHh

lrk fkdfhl=;a ks, yd fkdks, n,mEï"

fj<|fmd< n,fõ." fõ.j;a ;dCIKsl m%.ukh

yd udOH .ek uyck úYajdi ì| jeàu wd§ idOl

lsysmhlau thg fya;= ù ;sfí'

udOH wdh;kj, yd jHdmdrj, wd¾Ól

ia:dhSNdjh ±jeka; wNsfhda.hls' m%Odk Odrdfõ

udOH ish,a,u ish mdßfNda.sl moku /l .ekSu

i|yd úYd, wr.,hl fh§ isá;s' thg fya;= jk

ldrKd lSmhls'

äðg,a fuj,ï iïnkaO lr .ekSfuys yd fjí

fõÈldjka ilid .ekSfuys ,d ,xldfõ fndfyda

udOH wdh;k lghq;= lrkafka fiñkah' tys

m%;sM,hla f,i udOH .%dylhkaf.a fõ.fhka

fjkia jk udOH md¾fNdack rgdj,g wkqrEmj

ish wka;¾.;h ilia lr .ekSug fndfyda udOH

wdh;k wiu;a ù we;'

l,l isg mejf;k jHdmdr udÈ,s ;j

ÿrg;a m%udKj;a wdodhula Wmhkafka ke;s

ksid we;eï udOH úiska ´md¥m yd Woafõ.

ldÍ mqj;a jd¾;dlrKh mgka f.k ;sfí'

fmdÿ Wkak;shg lsisfia;a wod< fkdjk

mqj;a wksis f,i yqjd olajñka o" uyckhdg

jeo.;a m%Yak Wäka m,af,ka wdjrKh lrñka

o iuyr udOH f.k hk l%shd l,dmh iuia;

udOH fCIa;%h .ek iudc ms<s.ekSu ;j;a

wvq lrjhs'

idr ixlafIamh

X ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

ta w;r fndfyda udOH wdh;k mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§kag f.jkq ,nkafka b;d wvq jegqma h'

iuyr wdh;kj, jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,g iïnkaO ùu

jeks uQ,sl udkj whs;Ska mjd udOH fiajlhkag

fkd,efí' udOH ;ukag wjYH mßÈ yeisrùug

wjYH jHdmdßl fyda foaYmd,k n,fõ.hkag

udOHfõ§ka fufyhùug fyda Tjqka u; ;u n,h

me;srùug yelshdj ,eî ;sfí'

fï ÿIalr;d yd úIu;d ueo jqjo" fmdÿ

ck;djf.a wNs,dIhka yd fmdÿ Wkak;sh

fjkqfjka jD;a;Sh uÜgfuka wka;¾.;hka

ks¾udKh lrk l;=jreka yd udOhfõ§ka

hï msßila ;ju;a isá;s' tfy;a udOH wdpdr

O¾u wkqj l%shd lrk fï msßif.a hym;a jev"

foaYmd,kslj mCImd;S fyda jd¾.sl jYfhka

fNaojd§ jQ wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh lrk fiiq

udOHj, l%shdldrs;ajh úiska hgm;a lr ;sfí'

udOH .%dylhkaf.ka msßila fï úIu;d .ek

úlaIsma;j isáh§ ;reK ,dxlslfhda jeä

jeäfhka uq¿ukskau fjí mdol udOH yd iudc

udOH fõÈld fj; ixl%uKh fjñka isá;s' fï

fojeks msßi m%Odk Odrdfõ udOH .ek l,lsÍ

tajd w;yer hkafkdah'

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu 2003 §

msysgqjkq ,enQfõ uqøs; udOHj, j.ùu yd j.lsj

hq;= nj wdrCId lsÍugh' udOH iajhx-kshdukh

(media self-regulation) msKsih' tfy;a ;u

;SrK l%shd;aul lsÍfï n,hla thg ke;' we;eï

mqj;am;a tajd fkd ;ld yßhs'

fï w;r miq.sh oYl fol ;=< kd,sld .Kk

jeä ù .sh o f¾äfhda yd fg,súIka udOH

fCIa;%j, lsisÿ wdldrhl uyckhdg j.ùï

hdka;%Khla ke;' we;af;kau oYl follg jeä

ld,hla ;siafia n,hg m;a jQ ish¨u wdKavq úiska

úµq;a udOH úldY n,m;% yd ixLHd; mrdi ,nd

ÿkafka ;ukaf.a foaYmd,k wdOdrlrejkag yd

jHdmdßl .cñ;=rkag muKls' fuu`.ska uyck

foam<la jk úµq;a pqïnl mrdih wmyrKh

ù" kS;suh yd ;dCIKsl ixlS¾K;d rdYshla

ks¾udKh ù ;sfí' fuu .eg¨ ksrdlrKh l<

yelafla iajdëk úµq;a udOH wêldßhlg muKs'

äðg,a úldYh fj; iquqÿ f,i ixl%uKh ùug;a

tjekakla wjYHhs'

,la rch o idudðl;ajh orK" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a

wOHdmksl" úoHd;aul yd ixialD;sl ixúOdkh

fyj;a hqfkiafldaj (UNESCO) 2009 § f,dalhg

y÷kajd ÿka udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl (Media Development Indicators Framework) Ndú;

lrñka Y%S ,xldfõ udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl ;lafiare

lsÍu fuu wOHhkfhka isÿ lrk ,È' udOH

ixj¾Ok o¾Yl hkq rgl udOHhkaf.a ;;a;ajh

;lafiare lsÍu i|yd wka;¾-rdcH uÜgñka ms<s.;a

rduqjls' udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl u`.ska" idCIs u;

mokï ù udOH mßirhl Yla;Ska yd ÿn,;d

y÷kd.kq ,efí' udOH ksoyi (media freedom) yd udOH nyqúONdjh (media pluralism) kexùu

i|yd ks¾foaY fhdackd lrkq ,efí'

fuu wOHhkh fufyhjkq ,enQfõ udOH

m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd jk f,alï ld¾hd,hhs'

yjq,aldr ixúOdk mylska iukaú; thg

/iaùï myiqlï i,iajkq ,enQfõ Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a wdh;kh úisks' fï l%shdj,shg

ud¾f.damfoaYkh yd nqoaêuh kdhl;ajh ÿkafka

udOHfõ§ka yd iriú weÿrka 20lska iukaú;

lKavdhï i;rls' Tjqyq 2015 ud¾;= ui woyia

úuiSfï l%shdj,shla wdrïN l<y' thg m%;sm;a;s

iïmdolfhda" udOH ysñlrefjda" udOHfõ§ka"

udOH m¾fhaIlfhda" udOH m%;sm;a;s lKavdhï

fukau udOH mßyrKh lrk fmdÿ ck;dj o

iyNd.S jQy'

uq,skau Y%S ,xldfõ udOH mßirh .ek läkï

;lafiarejla isÿ fldg th 2015 uehs udifha

XIck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

fld<U mokï wdh;kfha§ foÈkla meje;ajqKq

udOH m%;sixialrK i|yd cd;sl iuq¿fõ§ idlÉPd

lrk ,È' óg iudka;rj udOH md¾Yajlrejka iu.

iïuqL idlÉPd /ila o" úYd, ksheÈhla fhdod l<

ióCIKhla o" nqoaê l,ïnk ieisjdr .Kkdjla

o we;=<;a úh' 2015 w. jk úg flgqïm;a lrk

,o jd¾;dj" 300 lg wêl msßilg hjd Tjqkaf.a

úu¾Yk yd m%;spdr b,a,d isákq ,eîh' thg furg

;;a;ajhka .ek wjfndaOhla we;s cd;Hka;r

úfYaI{fhda lSm fofkla o we;=<;a jQy'

fufia fndfyda u; úuiSï yd idlÉPdj,ska

wk;=rej iïmdÈ; fuu jd¾;dj u`.ska fmkajd

fokq ,nkafka udOH fCIa;%fha jHqyd;aul yd

kS;suh m%;sixialrK È.= l,l isg wjYHj

;sfnk njhs'

fuu we;eï m%;sixialrK we;s úh hq;af;a udOH

jD;a;sh yd l¾udka;h ;=<skau h' thg ne?reï

wkaoñka wdmiq yeÍ ne,Sula wjYHh' ;j;a

m%;sixialrKj,g kS;s yd rdcH m%;sm;a;sj,

fjkialï lsÍu yd rdcH udOH wdh;k kej;

jHqy.; lsÍu wh;a fõ'

fï yd iudka;rj mqj;am;a l,d yd udOH

wOHdmk mdGud,d újrKh lsÍu yd j¾;udk

l¾udka; wjYH;d yd udOH mßyrK rgdj,g

wkql+, jk mßÈ hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu l< hq;=h'

iudcfha ±kg wvq uÜgul mj;sk udOH

idCIr;dj o ÈhqKq l< hq;=h'

udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl f;aud;aul m%j¾. mylg

fjka lr ;sfí' ta yeu tlla u wjidkfha

ks¾foaY wvx.= fõ' Y%S ,xldfõ udOH mßirh

ms,sn| úYaf,aIKfhka u;= jQ ishhla muK jk

ks¾foaY u`.ska cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j

ksoyia" iajdëk yd nyq;ajjd§ udOH ixj¾Okh

lsÍu msKsi l< hq;= foa rchg yd udOH

md¾Yajlrejkag ±kqï fokq ,efí'

m%Odk ks¾foaY fufia ixCIsma; l< yelsh'

• kS;s újrK yd ixfYdaOk - udOH ksoyi

flfrys m%dfhda.slj hï hï iSud mkjk isú,a

yd wmrdO kS;s ;ju;a furg kS;s fmd;aj,

b;sßj mj;S' ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk;" rdcH

fødays;ajh ms<sn| kS;s" wêlrKhg wmydi

lsÍfï yd md¾,sfïka;= jrm%ido lv lsÍu

ms<sn| kS;s iïm%odhka fuhg we;=<;ah' fïjd

úu¾Ykh fldg NdIKfha ksoyi yd udOh

ksoyi ms<sn| cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag wkql+, jk

whqßka ld,Skj ixfYdaOkh l< hq;=h'

• f;dr;=re ysñlï mk; - fï jk úg

md¾,sfïka;=fõ bÈßm;a lr we;s f;dr;=re kS;sh

iïu; jQ miqj th ld¾hCIu f,i l%shd;aul

l< hq;= h' tu`.ska rdcH wxYfha mq¿,a mdroDYH

Ndjhla yd újD; Ndjhla we;s l< hq;=h'

• udOH ysñldÍ;ajh- udOH ysñldÍ;ajh ms<sn|

f;dr;=re újD;" mdroDYH yd kshñ; ld,hlg

jrla uyckhdg fy<sorõ lsÍu wksjd¾h jk

mßÈ kj kS;s iïmdokh l< hq;=h'

• udOH kshdukh - nyq;rhla udOHfõ§kaf.a

ms<sl=,g md;% jQ 1973 wxl 5 orK mqj;am;a

uKav, mk; yd tu`.ska msysgqjk ,o udOH

u¾okldÍ rdcH mqj;am;a uKav,h wfydais

l< hq;=h' ta fjkqjg udOH l¾udka;h úiskau

uqøs; yd úµq;a udOH udOH wdjrKh jk mßÈ

±kg jvd ld¾hCIu iajhx kshduk ieleiaula

ixúOdkh lr .; hq;=h'

• úµq;a udOH kshdukh - úµq;a udOH úldY

n,m;% ,nd §u jvd mdroDYH jk fia jk kS;s

ielish hq;=h' úldY ixLHd; mrdi ,nd§u

jvd ;d¾lsl úh hq;=h' uyck" jdKsc yd m%cd

úldY hk ;, ;=fka l%uhla l%shd;aul l<

hq;=h' foaYmd,kh yd ue;sjrK wdjrKh

XII ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

lsÍfï § ish¨ úµq;a udOHhka iunr yd

idOdrK ùu wksjd¾hh l< hq;=h' foaYmd,k

yd jHdmdßl wxYj,ska iajdëk úµq;a udOH

wêldßhla m;a l< hq;=h'

• úµq;a udOH äðg,alrKh - ±kg Ndú; lrk

wekf,d.a isg äðg,a ;dCIKh fj; ixl%uKh

ùu i|yd fg,súIka udOHh fjkqfjka meyeÈ,s

ie,eiaula yd ld, igykla rch úiska

ielish hq;=h' ta .ek úµq;a udOH ish,af,au

woyia úuiSu yd tajdg .re lsÍu b;d jeo.;ah'

• rdcH udOH m%;sjHqy.; lsÍu - uyckhd i;=

rdcH udOH wdh;k" n,fha isák foaYmd,k

mCIfha m%pdrK jevg fhdod .kakd wYS,dpdr

iïm%odfhka ±kaj;a w;añÈh hq;=h' rdcH úµq;a

udOH wdh;k ;=k jk Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS

ixia:dj (SLRC)" Y%S ,xld .=jkaúÿ,s ixia:dj (SLBC)" iajdëk rEmjdyskS fiajh (ITN) iajdëk uyck fiajd wdh;k njg m;a

l< hq;=h' tu`.ska l¾;D ksoyi wdrCId

lrk uyck fiajd imhkafkl= njg fï

wdh;k flfuka mßj¾;kh l< hq;=h' fuu

wdh;kj,g foaYmd,k n,mEï lsÍug bvla

ke;s mßÈ iajdëk f,i uqo,a m%;smdok ,efnk

l%ufõohla ilia l< hq;=h' tu l%shdud¾.h

u`.ska tu wdh;khkays fuf;la lsisod

fkdmej;s iajdëk;ajh áflka ál ;yjqre

lr.; yelsh' f,alayjqia wdh;khg o (ANCL) rdcH n,mEfuka iajdëkj l¾;D ksoyi N=la;s

ú£u i|yd l%shdoduhla ilia l< hq;=h'

• udOH jdrKh - lsisÿ udOHhl wka;¾.;hla

m%ldYkhg fmr n,OdÍkaf.ka wjir ,nd .;

hq;= hhs n, lefrk jdrK kS;s" fr.=,dis yd

l%u ish,a, bj;a l< hq;=h' hula m%ldYkfhka

fyda úldYfhka miqj lsisjl=g w.;shla fõ

kï Widúhla u`.ska udOH wka;¾.;h mßCId

lsÍu i|yd wjYH mshjr .; yelsh' ^m%isoaO

/`.=ï md,k mk; o we;=¿j& jdrK kS;s yd

frl=,dis" NdIKfha ksoyi yd udOH ksoyi

ms<sn| cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag wkql+, jk whqßka

ixialrKh l< hq;=h'

• fm!oa.,sl;ajh yd wdfõIKh - f;dr;=re

iudcfha m%.ukh iu. kQ;k ikaksfõok

;dCIKhka Ndú;h mq¿,a fjhs' rch úiska

ish¨ mqrjeishkaf.a fm!oa.,sl;ajh .refldg

wdrCId l< hq;=h' fm!oa.,sl mqrjeishkaf.a

yd wdh;kj, ÿrl:k ixjdo yd úµq;a

ikaksfõok wdfõIKh lsÍu (surveillance) rch úiska lsis úfgl;a foaYmd,k jdis msKsi

fkdl< hq;=h' wmrdO úu¾Ykh jeks úfYaIs;

wjia:djkays§ muKla tjeks wdfõIKhka

i|yd wjir Èh hq;af;a wêlrK wëCIKh

hgf;a yd ksYaÑ; iSudj,g hg;a jk mßÈh'

• udOH wOHdmkh yd udOH idCIr;dj -

;D;shsl uÜgfï mqj;am;a l,d yd ckudOH

wOHdmk mdGud,d újrKh lr j;auka udOH

l¾udka; wjYH;dj,g yd udOH mdßfNdack

rgdj,g wkql+, jk fia hdj;ald,Sk l< hq;=

h' udOH idCIr;dj yd ihsn¾ idCIr;dj ÈhqKq

lsÍu i|yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla ;sìh hq;=h'

fuu fidhd .ekSï yd ks¾foaY bÈßm;a lrkq

,nkafka foaYmd,k fjkialï úiska rfÜ

m%cd;dka;%sl jHqyfha kj msì§ula we;s lr

;sfnk b;d jeo.;a ld, mßÉfþohl§ h' rch"

udOH ysñlrejka yd udOH jD;a;slhka úiska

fuu l,d;=rlska ,efnk wjia:dj Wmfhda.S lr

.kq we;ehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq'

Y%S ,xldfõ m%cd;dka;%Sh Wkak;sh iy;sl lsÍu

msKsi ieneúkau ksoyia" iajdëk iy fmdÿ

hym; uq,a lr.;a nyq;ajjd§ udOH moaO;shla

f.dv ke.Su msKsi ish¨ md¾Yajlrejkaf.a

lemùu wms Wolau wfmaCId lruq'

XIIIck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

ckudOH l¾udka;h miq.sh oYl lSmh

;=<§ fõ.j;a m%n, fjkialïj,g

,la úh' fuu fjkialï úiska udOH

l¾udka;hg;a" udOH mßyrKh lrk ck;djg;a

Rcq n,mEï lrkq ,efí' tu`.ska mqoa., Ôú;"

wdl,am" is;=ú,s" m%d¾:kd" úYajdi yd u;jdo

rduq.; lrñka ckudOH úiska iudcfha

foaYmd,k" ixialD;sl yd wd¾:sl ÈYdk;sh

flfrys ;SrKd;aul n,mEula lrkq ,efí'

tneúka fuu w;=re uqyqK; ne?reï wOHhkhg

yd úpdrhg ,la úh hq;= h'

Y%S ,xldfõ ckudOH ftkaøshj mßKduh ù

;sfnkafka fndfyda úg wúêu;a wdldrhlghs'

cd;sl ixj¾Okfhys§ yd cd;sl taldnoaOlrKfha

§ udOHj,g l< yels N+ñldj ms<sn| ksjerÈ

oelaulska f;drj rch yd iud.ï whs;slrejka

we;=¿ fjk;a md¾Yaj úiska udOH md,kh

lsÍug W;aidy lrkq ,efí' meyeÈ,s udOH

m%;sm;a;s mßKduh ùu yd udOHj, jHqyd;aul

m%;sixialrK isÿ lsÍu m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd rfgys

Èh;a ù we;s foaYmd,k m%;sixialrK Yla;su;a

lsÍfuys ,d w;HjYH h'

udOH l¾udka;fha" udOH jD;a;slhkaf.a yd

udOH mdßfNda.slhkaf.a woyia" m%;spdr" Wmfoia

,nd .ekSfï mq¿,a l%shdj,shla u; mokïj" fuu

jd¾;dj úiska m%fhdackj;a wjia:d úYaf,aIKhla

imhkq ,efí' ta yd iu`. u m%;sm;a;s u. fmkaùï

yd ks¾foaY o ,ndÈ we;' wmf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j

jkafka rch" foaYmd,k mlaI" isú,a iudc

lKavdhï" Ydia;%{hska yd udOH l¾udka;h wm

úiska is;shï.; lr ;sfnk fuu u. wkq.ukh

lsÍu i|yd w;aje,a w,a,d .kq we;s njhs'

wdpd¾h m%§ma tka' ùrisxy

iNdm;s yd f;aud;aul m%OdkS

ckudOH m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd jk

f,alï ld¾hd,h

ckudOH m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd jk f,alï ld¾hd,fha fmrjok

XIV ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

fkiafldafõ udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl

mokïlr .ksñka Y%S ,xldfõ udOH

jmißh ms<sn| fuu ;lafiarefõ iu

md¾Yjlrefjl= iy m%ldYl jYfhka cd;Hka;r

udOH iyfhda.s;djg (IMS) wjia:dj ,eîu

ms<sn|j i;=gq fjuq'

rgl hy rdcH md,kh iy m%cd;ka;%jd§

l%shdoduhka Yla;su;a lsÍu ckudOHkag fydÈka

odhl úh yels wdldrh iy tys m%;s,dN

ckudOHkag ,nd.; yelafla hkakg fuu udOH

ixj¾Ok o¾Yl uÕska u. fmkajhs'

fuu wOHhkfha fidhd .ekSï iy ks¾foaY

t<solajkq ,nkafka rch fmdfrdkaÿ jQ

m%;sixialrK" ixl%dka;Sh idOdrK;ajh"

m%;sixúOdkh ms<sn| ld¾hhka l%shd;aul fjñka

mj;sk ;SrKd;aul fudfyd;lh'

fuu l%shdj,sh ;=< § nyq;ajjd§" újD;" udOH

jgmsgdjla rg;=< we;s lsÍu ;=<ska rfÜ

uyck;djg wmCI.%dyS" ksrjµ f;dr;=re i|yd

m%fõYùug bv ie,fia'

Y%S ,xld rch" Ydia;%{hska udOH l¾udka;h iy

isú,a iuch we;=<;a foaYSh md¾Yjlrejkaf.a

mQ¾K iyNd.s;aj l%shdj,shla ;=<ska fuu wOHhk

jd¾;dj t<s ±laùug ,eîu ms<sn|j uu i;=gq fjñ'

cd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.s;dj 2003 jif¾ isg

Y%S ,xldfõ udOH ixj¾Okh i|yd odhl fjhs'

j¾;udk udOH jgmsgdj ;lafiare lrñka Y%S

,xldj ;=< jvd;a hym;a iy M,odhs udOH

jmißhla ilia lsÍu i|yd wjYH fjkialï isÿ

lsÍug fuu f,aLkh rch úiska fhdod.kq we;

hkak wfma wfmaCIdjhs'

Ôm¾ fyÊn¾.a

úOdhl wOHCI

cd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.s;dj (IMS)

cd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.s;djfha fmrjok

hq

XVck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

úfYaI lreKq ±laùu

u ;lafiarej úiska Y%S ,xldfõ

udOH ixj¾Okfha iuia; mßirh fums<sn| úia;S¾K we.hSula imhkq ,efí'

kñka u mjik wdldrhg th mokï jkafka

hqfkiaflda udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl jevrduqj

u; h' tu`.ska kS;suh rduqj o we;=¿j

udOH ixj¾Okfha" wd¾:sl ;;a;ajhkaf.a"

udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okfha" wdrlaIdj ms<sn|

;dlaIKsl ixj¾Ok mßirfha fuka u rfÜ

udOH ixj¾Okfha i;H ;;a;ajfha úúO idOl

ksÍlaIKh lrkq ,efí'

fuu ;lafiarejg wu;rj f,dalfha fjk;a

rgj, udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl we.hSï 14la

oekg;a lr ;sfí' ta w;rg ol=Kq wdishdfõ

rgj, ;=kla o we;=<;a fõ' ta N+;dkfha"

ud,Èjhsfka yd fkamd,fha h' ;j;a ;lafiare

lsÍï 16laj;a isÿ fjñka ;sfí' udOH ixj¾Ok

o¾Ylj, wruqK jkafka udOH mßirfha

Yla;Ska yd ÿn,lï cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s yd jvd

fyd| cd;sl Ndú;djkag idfmalaIj y÷kd

.ekSuhs' m%uqL;d y÷kd .ekSu yd tajd úi£u

i|yd mshjr .ekSu foaYSh md¾Yajlrejkaf.a

j.lSuhs' udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl ;lafiare hkq

fY%aKs.; lsÍu i|yd fm<.eiaùfï iajrEmhla

fkdfõ' tu`.ska rgj,a w;r ikaikaokhla

lrkq fkd ,efí'

fuu ;lafiarej isÿ jkafka Y%S ,xldfõ b;d

ld,Sk jeo.;alula we;s wjia:djl h' ta wkqj" rg

oeka udOH wxYh wÆ;a lsÍfï yd m%;sixialrKh

lsÍfï jevigyklg w; .id ;sfnk nj fmfka'

f;dr;=re oek.ekSfï ysñlu ;yjqre lr we;s

kj;u wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrKh thg

idlaIshls' fuu ;lafiarej úiska m%uqL;d iy m%Odk

ÈYdk;s y÷kd .ekSug udOH m%;sixialrKfha

ksu.akj isák whg myiqlï i,ihs'

udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Ylj, wruqKq yd wkq.;j"

fuu ;lafiarej ilikq ,enqfõ rdcH ckudOH

yd isú,a iudc l%shdldßlhkaf.ka iukaú;

iyfhda.s;djl ueÈy;a ùfuks' úfYaIfhka u

Y%S ,xld udOH wud;HdxYh" IMS, ckudOH

wxYh" fld<U úYajúoHd,h" Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kh" m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Okh i|yd

uQf,damdhsl ikaOdkh thg we;=<;a úh' fuhska

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka úúO md¾Yajlrejka

úiska fuu ;lafiarej udOH m%;sixialrK

jHdhduhkays§ ;ukag u. fmkaùu i|yd

Wmfhda.S lr .kq we;s njhs'

fuu ;lafiarefjka meyeÈ,s jk mßÈ" Y%S ,xldfõ

udOH ixj¾Okh uE; oYlj,§ iEfyk ÿrg

Yla;su;a ù ;sfí' rg oeka úúO yd idfmalaIj ksoyia

udOH Ndú;fha jdis ,nd ;sfí' ta w;r;=r" udOH

j¾Okfhys§ yd ixj¾Okfhys§ we;a; jYfhka u

Tfrd;a;= fok mßirhla we;s lsÍug fndfyda foa l<

hq;= h' jvd fyd| wOHdmk yd mqyqKq wjia:d ,nd

§u" udOH i|yd jvd ia:djr wd¾:sl mßirhla we;s

lsÍu yd udOH ksoyi fjkqfjka jHQyd;aul iy;sl

we;s lsÍu thg we;=<;a fõ'

fuu ;lafiarej úiska bÈßh i|yd yd u.

fmkaùula lr ;sfí' cd;Hka;r m%cdfõ o

iyfhda.h we;sj fuu ks¾foaY l%shd;aul lsÍfï

j.lSu we;af;a foaYSh l%shdldßlhkag h'

fgdaì fukav,a

úOdhl wOHlaI

kS;sh yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh i|yd jk uOHia:dkh

XVI ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

cd;dka;%sl" iudÔh yd ixialD;sl

fCIa;%j, ckudOH i;= iqúfYaIS ld¾hNdrh

úiska fuu jeo.;a m%ldYkh

idOdrKSlrKh lrkq ,nhs' ne?reï ndysr yd

wNHka;r úfõpk ksid uyck úYajdih wysñ

fjñka hk úlD; ù we;s wmf.a udOH moaO;sfha

wiunr;d yd ÿn,;d wduka;%Kh lsÍu i|yd

w;HjYH ks¾foaY iuqodhla fï m%ldYfha wvx.= fõ'

m%cd;dka;%sl m%;sixialrK ms<sn|j kjuq

ixl:khlg t<öug Y%S ,dxlslhka ±lajQ

Wkkaÿj ie,ls,a,g .ksñka o" udOH Wkak;sh

uek ne,Su msKsi hqfkiaflda wdh;kh úiska

wkq±k we;s we.hqï rduqj fhdod .ksñka o" udOH

jD;a;slhkaf.ka" Ydia;%{hkaf.ka yd rdcH yd

rdcH fkdjk l%shdOrhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a ±kqj;a

nyq md¾Yaùh wOHhk lKavdhula úiska fuu

we.hSu bgq lrk ,È'

hqfkiaflda we.hqï l%ufha yqjd olajd we;s udOH

ixj¾Ok o¾Yl m%j¾. myla mokï fldg ish

l%ufõoh ilid .;a wOHhk lKavdhï ñka fmr

m< l< wOHhk m;%sld úpdrñka o jHjia:dms;

úêúOdk yd m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIKh lrñka o

ixLHdf,aLk ú.%y lrñka o b,lal lKavdhï

idlÉPd u`.ska f;dr;=re /ia lrñka o ish

wOHkfha ksr; jQ w;r udOH jD;a;slhkaf.a yd

udOH mßyrKh lrkakkaf.a ±lau yd u; úuid

±k .ekSu msKsi ksfhdack iólaIK folla o

meje;aùh' we.ehSug wjYH idCIs tla/ia lsÍu

yd ;yjqre lsÍu msKsi úúOdldr md¾Yjlrejka

yd nqoaêu;=ka /ila iu`. o iïuqL idlÉPd

mj;ajk ,È' fï lghq;= wjidkfha lKavdhï

úiska flgqïm;a l, uQ,sl jd¾;d iudf,dapkh

fldg m%;spdr ,nd .ekSu msKsi mq¿,a ljhla fj;

fhduq lrk ,o w;r ks.uk yd ks¾foaY wvx.=

wjika iaÓr msgm; ilia lrkq ,enqfõ m%dudKsl

lKavdhul úpdrYS,S újrK l%shdj,shlg ,la

lsÍfuka wk;=rejhs' fï we.hSï l%shdj,sh iïmQ¾K

lsÍug yd fuu m%ldYkfha i|yka f;dr;=re u;

mokï jQ ks¾foaY ish,a,gu tlÕ ùfï l%shdj,shg

jirlg wdikak ld,hla .; úh'

m%cd;dka;%sl iudchl mqoa.,hka yd lKavdhï

w;r - WodyrKhla jYfhka .;fyd;a mqrjeishka

iy wdKavqj w;r fkdtfiakï mdßfNda.slhka

yd jHjidhka w;r - isÿjk ikaksfõokh u`.ska

iuia; l%uh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd f;dr;=re o"

idOl o imhkq ,efí' ±kqu m;=rejd yeÍfï

w;HjYH ud¾.hla f,i lghq;= lsÍu yefrk úg

ikaksfõokh hkq jákdlï ms<sn| jdylhls'

wka ljr l,lg;a jvd wmg ±ka wfma orejkag

ksis jákdlï jgyd §ug isÿ ù ;sfí' fï jákdlï

biau;= jkafka wmf.a fmdÿ wkd.;h ks¾udKh

lsÍu msKsi w;HjYH hqla;sfha" iudkd;au;dfõ"

ksoyfia yd fnodyod.ekSfï kdufhks' ta i|yd

wmg ksoyia" iajdëk yd M,odhl f,i nyq;ajjd§

jQ udOH moaO;shla w;HjYHh h'

fuys§ udOH ksoyia úh hq;=h hkafkka wm

woyia lrkafka ksySk iajd¾:hkaf.ka udOH

ksoyia úh hq;= nj yd rcfha fyda fjk;a úúO

n, lKavdhïj, wksis n,mEfuka uqla; úh hq;=

njhs' thska woyia jkafka iudch yd rch úiska

udOH jD;a;slhkag ish jD;a;Sh m%ñ;s j,g wkqj

lghq;= lsÍug mQ¾K ksoyi ,nd§ Tjqkaf.a wdrCIdj

;yjqre lr Èh hq;= njhs' wfkla w;g" tu ksoyi

Ndú; lsÍu iïnkaOfhka udOHj, wjxlNdjh

úYajdi lsÍug mqrjeishkag yels úh hq;= h' ukao

ye|skaùu

m%

XVIIck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

tu ksoyi iuia; iudchu i;= tlla neúks' ta

wkqj" ckudOH ish .%dylhkaf.a fmdÿ hym;

wìnjd fjk;a fya;= u; f;dr;=re hgm;a fyda

úlD;s lrkafka kï" th uq¿ukska u ms<s.; fkd

yels úlD;shls'

udOH iajdëk úh hq;=h hkafkka woyia lrkq

,nkafka" l=uk wkaoul ysñldß;ajhla i;= jqjo

´kEu ck udOHlg ks¾ndê; ixf,aLH ksoyi

fyj;a l;_D udKav,sl iajdëk;ajh ;sìh hq;=

njhs' ish iajdëk Ñka;kh ;yjqre flfrk idCIs

ckudOHhlg m%o¾Ykh l< yelafla;a" wdKavqfõ

muKla fkdj wfkl=;a n, uOHia:dk ck

ixksÍCIKhg ,la lsÍfï ,d ish ld¾hh ksis f,i

bgq l< yelafla;a fuu l¾;D udKav,sl iajdëk;ajh

yryd h' mqrjeishkag ;uka t,an isák u;h ;yjqre

lr .ekSfï f;dr;=re imhkjd fjkqjg ixf,aLH

ksoyi iys; udOH u`.ska flfrkafka újD; ukilska

hq;=j m%jD;a;s yd f;dr;=re fj; msúfikakg

mqrjeishkag wjia:dj ,nd §uhs'

flfia fj;;a" udOH i;H jYfhka u nyq;ajjd§

fkdfõ kï" udOH ksoyi yd l¾;D udKav,sl

iajdëk;ajh muKla m%udKj;a jkafka ke;' udOH

nyq;ajjd§ ùu hkafkka woyia jkafka iuia;hla

jYfhka .;a úg udOH moaO;sh u`.ska iudcfha

úúO fldgia yd tajdfha ´kE tmdlï m%udKj;a

f,i ksfhdackh lsÍug we;s yelshdjhs' tl

u;hlg wkq.; ùug ckudOHhg n, flfrkafka

kï udOH iud.ï jeä ixLHdjla ;snqK m<shg u

udOH nyq;ajjd§ jkafka ke;' Y%S ,xldfõ wms l,ska

l,g fï ;;a;ajh w;a±l we;af;uq'

tfiau" fulS udOH nyq;ajjd§ ùu ms<sn| woyi

wmg yqfola wf,úlrKh yd ;r.ldß;ajh ms<sn|

Wcdre jdlHhlg ,>q l< fkd yelsh' we;af;kau

;u .%dylhka foaYmd,ksl iyNd.S;ajfhka

wE;a fldg" yqÿ mdßfNda.slhka f,i i,lk

Ndú;djkaf.ka ckudOH uqod f.k ckudOH hkq

ikaksfõok n,h uyck mßuKav,h fj; fnod

yßk w;HjYH m%cd;dka;%sl fuj,ula f,i jvd

mD:q, f,i ia:dk.; l<hq;= h'

tu wre;ska .;a l, udOH ixj¾Okh hkq yqfola

rgl we;s udOH moaO;shla f.dvke`.Su i|yd

wjYH flfrk jHjia:d" kS;s m%;sixialrK yd

iïmdok lghq;=;a tajd idCId;a lr .ekSug

wjYH rdcH m%;sm;a;s;a ms<sn| fhdackdh' fuu

ks¾foaYj,ska fhdackd lr we;s m%;sixialrK

y÷kajd §fï l%shdj,sh Èh;a lrk f,i

wms rcfhka ish¨ foaYmd,k mCIj,ska yd

md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrekaf.ka uy;a Wjukdfjka

b,a,d isáuq'

ta yer isú,a iudch" udOH wdh;k yd

ixúOdk" úYajúoHd," mqyqKq wdh;k" mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§kaf.a yd m%ldYlhkaf.a ixúOdk iy

ixj¾Ok wdOdr imhk ksfhdað;dh;k hk

fjk;a md¾Yajlrejkag wod< jk jeo.;a ks¾foaY

.Kkdjla fï m%ldYkfhka bÈßm;a lr ;sfí'

Y%S ,xldfõ m%cd;ka;%Sh Wkak;sh iy;sl lsÍu

msKsi we;af;kau ksoyia" iajdëk iy fmdÿ

hym; uq,a lr.;a nyq;ajjd§ udOH moaO;shla

f.dvke.Su msKsi ish¨ md¾Yajlrejkaf.a

lemùu wms wfmaCId lruq'

úchdkkao chùr

ikaksfõok ixj¾Okh i|yd jk hqfkiaflda

cd;Hka;r jevigyfka ysgmq wOHCI ^2003-2011&"

wOHhk lKavdhïj, WmfoaYl

XVIII ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid'''

md¾,sfïka;= m%;sixialrK iy

ckudOH wud;HdxYh

ckudOH iy md¾,sfïka;= m%;sixialrK

wud;HdxYfha oelau jkafka oekqu iys;"

nyq;ajjd§ iy l%shdYS,S iudchls' tys fufyjr

m%ldYfha isxy, mßj¾;kh fufia h( zuyck

ys;jd§" ixj¾Okh fj; keUqre jQ" ksoyia yd

j.lSula iys; Y%S ,dxlsl udOH ixialD;shla

fjkqfjka m%;sm;a;s yd uQf,damdhka f.dvke.Su"

myiqldrl;ajh" l%shd;aul lsÍu" wëlaIKh yd

we.hSu'Z

www.media.gov.lk

fld<U úYajúoHd,fha ckudOH

wOHhk wxYh

udOH hkq È<s÷lu ÿr,Sfï yd ck;djg ixj¾Ok

jHdmD;s y÷kajd §fï ,d Ndú; l< yels m%Odk

uQf,damdh uQ,dY%hls' rfÜ ta fjkqfjka lghq;=

lrk ckudOHlrejka tu m%Odk wruqKq

y÷kdf.k ;sfí o hkak meyeÈ,s ke;' fuu

m%mxph y÷kd.ekSu u`.ska rg fi!Nd.Hh lrd

fhduq jkq we;' id¾:l ikaksfõok l%uhla

Tiafia ixj¾Okh w;am;a lr .; yels njg

udOH wOHdmk wdh;khla f,i wm iqNjd§h'

http://spc.cmb.ac.lk/?q=Department_Mass_Media

cd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.s;dj (IMS)cd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.s;dj hkq ikakoaO

wr.," udkj wkdrlaIdj iy foaYmd,k

mßj¾;k iïnkaO .eg¿ we;s rgj, udOH iu`.

lghq;= lrk" ksoyia yd jD;a;sl udOH fjkqfjka

lghq;= lrk ,dN fkd,nk ixúOdkhls' www.mediasupport.org

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh (SLPI)1998 jif¾ udOH ksoyi yd iudc j.lSu ms<sn|

fld<U m%ldYkh yd 2008 jif¾ th kej;

i,ld ne,Su Tiafia kQ;k iufha udOH .eg¿

f;areï .ekSfï l%shdj,sh h<s ;yjqre lsÍu Y%S

,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kfha m%.ukhg bjy,a

úh' tu ksid" hqfkiaflda udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl

wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ udOH mßirh f;areï .ekSfï

l%shdj,sfhys§ Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh

md¾Yjlrefjl= ùu wksjd¾h úh'

www.slpi.lk

m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn|

Wmdhud¾.sl ikaOdkh (SARD)isú,a iudc ixúOdkhla f,i m¾fhaIK yd

ixj¾Okh ms<sn| Wmdhud¾.sl ikaOdkh udOH

foi n,kafka .%dylhkaf.a fldaKfhks'

tu`.ska ixj¾Ok l%shdj,sfha m%Odk l%shdldßlhl=

f,i udOH y÷kd .kq ,efí' tneúka m¾fhaIK

yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| uQf,damdhsl ikaOdkh

udOH ixj¾Ok l%shdj,shg odhl fjhs' tys

wruqK jkafka nyq;ajjd§ iy úúO u;jdo

Yla;su;a lsÍuhs' tu`.ska ixj¾Okfhys§ uyck

iyNd.s;ajh jeäÈhqKq lrkq ,efí'

www.sardglobal.org

udOH m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd jk f,alï ld¾hd,fha iyfhda.S wdh;k

1ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla WfoidPdhdrEm wkq.%yh( Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh

2 ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid

nyq md¾Yaúl woyia ,nd.ekSfï l%shdj,sh

Y%S ,xldfõ udOH m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd

mj;sk udOH jmißh ;lafiare lsÍu my;

i|yka wdh;k j, iyfhda.S;djfhka isÿúh'

• ckudOH wud;HdxYh ^rdcH odhl;ajh&

• ckudOH wOHhk wxYh" fld<U úYajúoHd,h

^Ydia;%d,Sh odhl;ajh&

• Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh ûdOH l¾udka;h

fjkqfjka&

• m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Okh i|yd l%fudamdhsl

ikaOdkh(SARD) ^l%shd;aul lsÍu&

• cd;Hka;r udOH iydh ÎMS& ^wruqo,a

iïmdokh yd WmfoaYk fiajd iemhSu&

fuu m%h;akfha iuia; wruqK jkafka zY%S

,xldfõ m%cd;ka;%jdoh" hymd,kh yd OrKSh

ixj¾Okhg bjy,a jk mßÈ udOH m%;sixialrK

isÿ lsÍu i|yd myiqlï iemhSfï l%shdj,shg

uq, msÍu yd th mj;ajdf.k hdug ishÆ

md¾Yajlrejkaf.a odhl;ajh Wmßufhka ,nd

.ekSuhs'Z3

ixl,amSh miqìu

fuu wOHhkh isÿ lrkq ,enqfõ tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a wOHdmk" úoHd;aul yd ixialD;sl

ixúOdkh ÛNESCO& úiska ixj¾Okh lrk

,o cd;Hka;r jYfhka ms<s.;a l%shdldÍ rduqj

wkqjhs'

udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl ^MDI& kï tu l%shdldÍ

rduqj hqfkiaflda ixúOdkfha wka;¾ md,k

uKav,fha ikaksfõok ixj¾Okh i|yd jk

cd;Hka;r jevigyk úiska 2008 jif¾ § ms<s

.kakd ,§' udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl ixj¾Okh

lrkq ,enqfõ 2006-7 jir j,§ lrkq ,enQ mq¿,a

cd;Hka;r woyia úuiSula mokï lr.ksñks'1

t;eka isg (MDI) l%shdldÍ rduqj zlsishï rgl

udOH ixj¾Okh ;lafiare lsÍug yd tu`.ska

iydh jeämqr u wjYH lafIa;% y÷kd .ekSu

i|yd wod< ishÆ md¾Yajj,g jeo.;a úksYaph

WmlrKhlazf,i l%shd;aul fõ' udOH jmißh

;lafiare lsÍug o" Yla;Ska yd ÿ¾j,lï y÷kd

.ekSug o" udOH ksoyi" udOH nyqúONdjh

Yla;su;a lsÍu Wfoid" idlaIs u; mokï jQ

ks¾foaY fhdackd lsÍug tu o¾Yl úiska

uÕfmkajkq ,efí'

udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl y`ÿkajd §fuka miq th

mokï lr .;a ;lafiare lsÍï u`.ska wdishdfõ"

wm%sldfõ yd hqfrdamfha rgj,a 15l udOH m%;sm;a;s

yd udOH ixj¾Okh fjkqfjka myiqlï imhd

;sfí'2 rdcH uÜgfuka udOH ixj¾Okh yd

hymd,kh Wfoid tlai;a cd;Skaf.a fmdÿ

m%fõYhla wkq.ukh lsÍu i|yd o tu o¾Yl

Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'

l%shd;aul rduqj iy l%ufõoh

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/publications-and-communication-materials/publications/full-list/media-development-indicators-a-framework-for-assessing-media-development/

MDIshavebeenproducedsofarfor:Bhutan,Croatia,Ecuador,Egypt,Gabon,Jordan,Libya,Mozambique,Nepal,Palestine,SouthSudan,TheMaldives,TimorLesteandTunisia.AsatOctober2015,assessmentswereongoinginBolivia,Brazil,Colombia,Côted’Ivoire,theDominicanRepublic,

Iraq,Liberia,Madagascar,Mongolia,Morocco,Myanmar,Rwanda,Swaziland,Togo,UgandaandUruguay,aswellasaregionalprojectinSouth-EastEurope.

1 2

3ck;djg j. lshk udOH l¾udka;hla Wfoid

OH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl iuia;hla f,i

ckudOHkag hymd,khg yd

m%cd;%ka;jdoh Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd

fydÈka odhl úh yels yd jdis ,eìh yels

l%shdldÍ rduqjla udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl úiska

imhkq ,efí' udOH jmißfha ish¨ idOl

ie,ls,a,g .kakd udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl

jHQy.; lr ;sfnkafka m%j¾. myla Tiafiah'

• m%ldYkfha ksoyig" udOH nyq;ajNdjhg

yd úúO;ajhg wkql+, jk kshduk

l%uhla

• udOH ysñldß;ajfha iy udOH wd¾Ólfha

mdroDYHNdjh iy udOH nyqúO Ndjh

iy úúO;ajh

• udOH m%cd;dka;%sl l;sldfõ fõÈldjla

f,i

• m%ldYkfha ksoyi" nyq;ajNdjh yd

úúO;ajh u;= lr olajk wdh;kj,

jD;a;Sh Odß;d f.dvke.Su yd iydh ùu

• iajdëk yd nyq;ajjd§ udOHj,g iydh

ùu msKsi m%udKj;a há;, Odß;djla

;sîu

iuia;hla f,i .;a l, tu`.ska wod<

rfÜ udOH jmißfha m%ldYkfha ksoyi"

nyq;ajjdoh yd úúO;ajh we;s jk mßÈ

f.dvke.sh hq;= wdldrh ms<sno woyila ,nd

.; yelsh'

iEu udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl m%j¾.hla u

Wmdx. .Kkdjlg fjka lr ;sfí' tajd

úiska mq¿,a o¾Yl ud,djla ilikq ,efí'

fuu o¾Yl md¾Yajlrejkag udOHj,

;;ajh yd udOH ixj¾Ok jevigykaj,

n,mEu ;lafiare lsÍug ie,iqï lrk ,o

úYaf,aIKd;aul fuj,uls' tajd yqfola ;;aj

úksYaph lrk fuj,ï ñi wK mk;a fkd

fõ' tajd ilid we;af;a udOH ixj¾Ok

jevigykaj,g wdOdr lsÍu i|yd ñi

fldkafoaishla f,i meKùu msKsi fkdfõ'

udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl

iuia;hla f,i

http://www.sardglobal.org/NSSMR

3

fuu iuia; l%shdj,sh i|yd m%;sm;a;s

iïmdolhka" udOH ysñlrejka" udOH jD;a;slhka"

udOH m¾fhaIlhka" udOH n,mEï lKavdhï yd

fmdÿ ck;dj we;=¿ nyqúO md¾Yajlrejkaf.a

woyia" m%;spdr iy fhdackd Wmßu jYfhka ,nd

.ekSug lghq;= lrkq ,eîh'

fuu l%shdj,shg nqoaêuh yd jD;a;sluh

ud¾f.damfoaY ,nd.ekSu úfYaI{ l%shdldÍ

lKavdhï y;rl odhl;ajh isÿfõ' by; úúO

md¾Yjlrejka ksfhdackh jk wdldrhg fuu

l%shdldÍ lKavdhï y;f¾ idudðlhka f;dard

.eKsks'

l%shdldÍ lKavdhï i|yd WmfoaYl;ajh (

úchdkkao chùr" hqfkiaflda ikaksfõok

ixj¾Ok wxYfha ysgmq wOHlaI yd ixj¾Ok

ikaksfõokh i|yd hqfkiaflda cd;Hka;r

jevigyfka ysgmq wOHlaI

1 jk lKavdhu (

m%ldYkfha ksoyi m%j¾Okh lsÍu

iNdm;s ( Oïu Èidkdhl" fcHaIaG

l:sldpd¾h" rdcH m%;sm;a;s iy

foaYmd,k úoHd wOHhk wxYh"

fld<U úYajúoHd,h

iu iNdm;s ( wdpd¾h iq.;a fikr;a" fcHaIaG

l:sldpd¾h" Y%Smd,s uKavmh"

fld<U úYajúoHd,h

idudðlfhda ( tka'tï' wóka" iNdm;s"

uxcqidj

01

ud


Y%S ,xld uqia,sï udOH ixioh

m%shdka wd¾' úfÊnKavdr"

ckudOHfõ§ iy ndysr lÓldpd¾h

iS;d rxckS" le`ojqïlre"

ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh

2 jk lKavdhu(

udOH nyqúONdjh iy kshdukh ( uyck fiajd"

fm!oa.,sl yd m%cd udOH úúO;ajh

iNdm;s( wdpd¾h m%§ma tka' ùrisxy"

wxY m%OdkS" ckudOH wOHhk

wxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h

iu iNdm;s( wfidal vhia" foaYSh ksfhdað;"

wdishdkq udOH f;dr;=re yd

ikaksfõok uOHia:dkh (AMIC) iy ckudOHfõ§

idudðlfhda( iql=ud¾ frdlajqâ"

m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odß" Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu"

kS;s{ c.;a ,shkdrÉÑ"

kS;ss ks,Odß" g%dkaiafmarkais

bkag¾keIk,a

ã'tï' Èidkdhl" m%Odk úOdhl

ks,Odß" ish; udOH cd,h

3 jk lKavdhu(

ckudOHj, idOdrK;ajh" wmlaImd;s;ajh iy

uyck úYajdih

iNdm;s( kd,l .=Kj¾Ok" ;Sre,sms rpl yd

udOH WmfoaYl

iu iNdm;s( iqñ;a pdñkao" fjßfÜ m¾fhaIK

wdh;kh" fcHaIaG úYaf,aIl yd

foaYmd,k wxY m%Odks

idudðlfhda( wdpd¾h rx. l,kaiQßh"

cd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.S;dj"

wdishd l,dmSh WmfoaYl

l=ud¾ f,dafmaia"

m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odß"

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh

fiakdks yßYapkaø"

fcHaIaG l:sldpd¾h"

isxy, iy ck ikaksfõok wxYh

Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

4 jk lKavdhu(

jD;a;Sh Odß;d ixj¾Okh yd udOH wOHdmkh

iNdm;s( uydpd¾h frdayK ,laIauka mshodi"

ckikaksfõok wxY m%OdkS"

le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h

iu iNdm;s( úchdkkao rEmisxy"

fcHaIaG l:sldpd¾h"

ck ikaksfõok wOHhk wxYh"

le,Ksh úYaj úoHd,h

idudðlfhda( ;s,sK iuriQßh" wOHlaI - mqyqKq

iy úfoaY iïnkaO;d"

Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj

à'tï'Ô' pkaføialr"

wOHlaI - m¾fhaIK yd mqyqKq"

Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dj

iS' fodvdj;a;" ckudOHfõ§ iy


mqyqKq WmfoaYl" tlai;a m%jD;a;s

m;% iud.u ^f,alayjqia&

fuu wOHhkh isÿlrkq ,enQ 2015 ud¾;= yd

2016 ud¾;= w;r ld,h ;=< my; i|yka m%Odk

l%shdud¾. .kq ,eîh'

2015 ud¾;=( Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh iy

ckudOH wud;HdxYh úiska imhk ,o

/iaùï myiqlï Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka

l%shdldÍ lKavdhula f,i udOH

m%;sjHqy.;lrKh i|yd jk cd;sl f,alï

ld¾hd,h msysgqjk ,§'

ud¾;=( udOH m%;sixialrK i|yd újD; uyck

woyia yd fhdackd le|ùula lrk ,§' ^fuh

lrkq ,enqfõ uqøs; yd úoHq;a úldY udOH

oekaùï" iudc udOH yd Bfï,a u.sks&

ud¾;= 20( udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl l%ufõoh yd

l%shdj,sh ms<sn| m<uq jevuq¿j Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a wdh;kfha§ mj;ajk ,§' thg Y%S

,dxlsl yjq,alrefjda 40la yd ol=Kq wdishdkq

udOH jD;a;slfhda ;sfofkla iyNd.s jQy

^nx.a,dfoaYh" mlsia;dkh iy ñhkaud¾&'

ud¾;= - uehs( idlÉPd i|yd l%shdldÍ lKavdhï

wjia:d .Kkdjl § Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kfha§ yuqjQy'

ud¾;= - uehs( udOH WmfoaYl kd,l .=Kj¾Ok

úiska Y%S ,xldfõ udOH lafIa;%h ms<sn| udOH

ixj¾Ok ud¾. o¾Yl mokï lr .ksñka

laIKsl ;lafiarejla lr udOH m%;sixialrK

ms<sn| cd;sl iuq¿jg bÈßm;a lrk ,§'

uehs 12 - 13( md¾Yajlrejka 200lf.a

iyNd.s;ajfhka fld<U Y%S ,xld mokï

wdh;kfha§ udOH m%;sixialrKh ms<sn| cd;sl

WmfoaYl iuq¿j mj;ajk ,§' m<uq Èkfha§ Y%S

,xldfõ udOH lafIa;%h ms<sn| laIKsl we.hqï

jd¾;dj bÈßm;a lrk ,§' bka wk;=rej" tu

jd¾;dj ms<sn|j tla tla f;aud hgf;a ieisjdr

y;rla mj;ajd meñKs isá md¾Yjlrejkaf.a

m%;spdr iy fhdackd ,nd.kq ,eîh' fojk

Èkh i|yd w.%dud;H" ckudOH wud;H" úmlaI

kdhl yd udOH m%;sixialrK fjkqfjka

m%isoaêfha lem jQ fjk;a m%Odk md¾,sfïka;=

uka;%Sjre iyNd.s jQ w;r tys§ fhdackd i|yd

m%;spdr olajd udOH m%;sjHqy.;lrkh i|yd

jk m%;s{djg Tjqyq w;aika ;enQy'

wfma%,a" uehs" cqks( fld<U úYajúoHd,fha

m¾fhaIK lKavdhu úiska j;auka yd ysgmq

l¾;Djreka" udOH iud.ïj, j;auka yd

ysgmq m%OdkSka" udOH yd iïnkaO rcfha

wdh;kj, m%OdkSka" m%Odk fmf<a úoaj;=ka

yd udOHlrejka wdjrKh jk mßÈ iïuqL

idlÉPd mj;ajd m%;spdr ,nd .kakd ,§' óg

wu;rj úúO md¾Yajldr lKavdhï" jD;a;Sh

iñ;s iu. b,lal.; lKavdhï idlÉPd

myla mj;ajk ,§' bka y;rla fld<U § o"

tlla hdmkfha o mj;ajk ,§'


uehs - cqks( udOH m%;sjHqy.;lrKh ms<sn|

cd;sl WmfoaYl iuq¿fõ§ ,enqKq m%;spdr

úYaf,aIKh lrkq ,eîh'

uehs - cq,s( fld<U úYajúoHd,fha m¾fhaIK

lKavdhu úiska fCIa;% iólaIK folla

isÿ lrk ,§' ta udOHj, ;;a;ajh yd

udOH lafIa;% fha m%uqL;d ms<sn|jhs' tlla

ckudOHlrejka yd udOH fiajlhka iu. o

lrk ,§' wfkl lrkq ,enqfõ fmdÿ ck;dj

ksfhdackh jk 800 muK ksheÈfhla

f;dardf.kh'

cq,s 21( 2015 uy ue;sjrKhg ;r. lrk

foaYmd,k mlaI fjkqfjka NdIKfha

ksoyi yd udOH ksoyi ms<sn| m%ldYh

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kfha mej;s

mqj;am;a idlÉPdjl§ m%isoaO lrk ,§'4

meyeÈ,s foaYmd,k lemùula wjYH udOH

m%;sixialrK l%shdud¾. 10la fuu`.ska

y÷kd f.k tajd l%shdjg kkajk f,i

b,a,d isák ,§'5

fkdjeïn¾( Y%S ,xldfõ udOH ixj¾Ok ixj¾Ok

m<uq flgqïm; md¾Yajlrejka 200la

w;r fnod fok ,§' ta w;r rch" udOH

l¾udka;h" Ydia;%Sh wxYh" isú,a iudch

ksfhdackh lrk msßia o isáhy' fuu m<uq

flgqïm; i|yd Tjqkaf.ka m%;sfmdaIKh ,nd

.ekSu fuys wruqK úh'

foieïn¾( l%shdldÍ lKavdhu úiska m<uq

flgqïm; ms<sn| m%;spdr újrKh lrk ,§'

ta fjkqfjka ieis ;=kla meje;aúKs'

2016

ckjdß( Y%S ,xldfõ udOH ixj¾Okh ms<sn|

fojk ixfYdaê; flgqïm; ilik ,§'

fmnrjdß - ud¾;=( fojk flgqïm; cd;sl yd

cd;Hka;r ckudOH iy kS;s úYdrohka w;r

újrKh i|yd fnod yßk ,§'

/iaùï" ieisjdr" jevuq¿" iïuqL idlÉPd"

b,lal lKavdhï idlÉPd yd l%shdldÍ

lKavdhï újrK iy úfYaI{ woyia ,nd

.ekSfï l%shdj,shg iudcfha yrialvla

ksfhdackh lrk mqoa.,fhda 500la muK

iyNd.s jQy' n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh yels wkaougu"

fuu`.ska mq¿,a mrdihl woyia o" fhdackd o

,eìKs' óg wu;rj uq¿ Èjhsku wdjrKh jk

mßÈ 800 l muK uyck m%;spdrl ksheÈhlska

iy ckudOH iy iudÔh udOHcd, u`.ska

l< wdrdOkhg ,nd.;a m%;spdr o fï i|yd

,eìKs' we;eï tajd mriamr úfrdaë jQ w;r

lSmhla m%dfhda.sl fkd jk tajd úh' woyiaj,

nyqúO;ajhg iy Wmßu ksfhdackhg bv

i,iñka jd¾;dfõ tald.%;djh wdrCId lr

.eksñka ixialdrl lKavdhu úiska wjika

jd¾;dj ms<sn|j úksYaphkag t<fUkq ,eîh'

http://www.ft.lk/article/448711/Journalists-call-for-political-commitment-for-media-reform-and-freedom-of-expression

ksfõokh ksl=;a lrkq

,enqfõ Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kh" ksoyia udOH

jHdmdrh" Y%S ,xld

jD;a;Sh m;%l,dfõ§kaf.a

ix.uh" Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

ix.uh" hdmkh mqj;am;a

iudch" Y%S ,xld uqia,sï

ckudOHfõ§kaf.a ix.uh"

m%dfoaYSh ckudOHfõ§kaf.a

cd;sl ikaOdkh" m%cd

úldYlhkaf.a cd;sl

ikaOdkh yd ;reK

ckudOHfõ§kaf.a ix.uh

úiska taldnoaOjhs'

54


udOH m%;sjHQy.;

lsÍu ms<sn| uyck

m%ldYkh i|yd

ksfhdað;hska w;aika

;eîu uehs 2015

udOH m%;sjHQy.;lrKh

ms<sn| cd;sl WmfoaYl

iuq¿j iudrïNh

uehs 2015

PdhdrEm wkq.%yh(

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kh

s t


udOH m%;sjHQy.;lrKh

i|yd jk uyck

m%ldYkh i|yd

w.ue;s rks,a úl%uisxy

w;aika ;eîu" uehs 2015

PdhdrEm wkq.%yh(

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kh

,d¾ia tÉ' fn%IaÜ,a

^WmfoaYl" wdishd

wm%sld iy ,;ska

weußld - cd;Hka;r

udOH iyh& uyck

úYajdih f.dvke.Sug

kï''' jd¾;dj ksl=;a

lrk W;aij iNdj

wu;ñka

s t


udOH m%;sjHQy.;lrKh

i|yd jk cd;sl

WmfoaYl iuq¿j i|yd

iyNd.S jQ msßfika

fldgila

PdhdrEm wkq.%yh(

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kh

udOH

m%;sjHQy.;lrKh

i|yd jk uyck

m%ldYkh i|yd

úmlaIkdhl

ksu,a isßmd, o is,ajd

w;aika ;eîu

uehs 2015

s t


uydpd¾h w¾cqk

mrdl%u" udOH

m%;sjHQy.;lrKh

i|yd jk cd;sl

WmfoaYl iuqq¿fõ

uqLH foaYkh

mj;ajñka

uehs 2015

wdpd¾h rx. l,xiQßh

iuq¿j wu;ñka

uehs 2015

PdhdrEm wkq.%yh(

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kh

s t


zzúfõpkd;aul" iajdëk yd .fõIKd;aul

udOH hkq ´kEu m%cd;ka;%jdohl Ôjhhs' udOH

rdcHfha n,mEfuka ksoyia úh hq;= h' thg rcfha

ks,OdÍkaf.a fkdukd l%shdj,g tfrysj ke.S isàu

i|yd wjYH wd¾:sl Yla;sh ;sìh hq;= h' fkdìhj"

mlaImd;S fkd ù" ks¾NS; f,i m%Yak lsÍu i|yd"

mgq wjYH;dj,ska ñÿKq m%udKj;a iajdëk;ajhla

udOHj,g ;sìh hq;= h' th jHjia:d u`.ska wdrlaId

úhhq;= w;r tu`.ska mqrjeishka f,i wmf.a ysñlï

wdrlaId lr .; yels h'ZZ

- fk,aika uekafv,d


m%ldYkfha ksoyi" nyqúONdjh yd udOH úúO;ajh

i|yd ys;lr jk kshduk moaO;shla w kS;suh yd m%;sm;a;suh l%shdldÍ rduqjwd úoHq;a úldY udOH i|yd kshduk moaO;shwe ckudOHlrejkag n,mdk wmydi kS;s yd fjk;a kS;suh ndOl

wE jdrKh

udOHj, nyqúONdjh yd úúO;ajh" udOH fCIa;%fha

wd¾Ól uÜgu yd ysñldß;ajfha mdroDYHNdjh w udOH ixflakaøKhwd uyck fiajd" fm!oa.,sl yd m%cd udOHj, úúO;ajfha iïñY%Khla

we n,m;% yd úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d ,nd §uwE nÿ yd jHdmdr kshdukhb fj<| ±kaùïlrKh

m%cd;ka;%jd§ l;sldfõ

fõÈldjla f,i udOH w udOH ;=, iudcfha úúO;ajh ksrEmKh jk wdldrhwd uyck fiajd udOH i|yd wdo¾Ywe iajhx kshdukhwE idOdrK;ajh yd wmlaImd;s;ajh ms<sn| wjYH;dj

b udOH ms<sn| uyck úYajdifha uÜguB ckudOHlrejkaf.a wdrlaIdj


fjkqfjka fmkS isák wdh;kj, jD;a;Sh Odß;d

f.dvke.Su yd tajdg Wmldr lsÍu

w jD;a;Sh udOH mqyqKqj ,eîfï wjia:dwd udOH ms,sn| Ydia;%Sh wOHhk wjia:dwe jD;a;Sh iñ;sj, yd jD;a;Sh ixúOdkj, meje;auwE isú,a iudc ixúOdk l%shdldß;ajh

iajdëk yd nyqúO udOHj,g iyfhda.h §u i|yd

há;, myiqlï j, ;;a;ajh w udOH i|yd ;sfnk ;dCIKsl iïm;awd mqj;am;a" úµq;a udOH yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK jHdma;sh

1

udOH ixj¾Ok o¾Yl(udOH ixj¾Okh ;lafiare lsÍu i|yd l%shdldÍ rduqjla

fuu f,aLkh ixúOdkh ù we;af;a my; i|yka udOH ixj¾Ok m%j¾. o¾Yl Tiafiah'

m%j¾.h

2m%j¾.h

3m%j¾.h

4m%j¾.h

5m%j¾.h


1m%j¾.h

m%ldYkfha ksoyi" nyqúONdjh yd

udOH úúO;ajh i|yd ys;lr jk

kshduk moaO;shla


m%Odk o¾Yl

w kS;s yd m%;sm;a;s rduqj

1.1 m%ldYkfha ksoyi kS;sfhka ;yjqre lr we;s w;r

Ndú;fha§ o Bg .re lsÍu

1.2 f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï whs;sh kS;sfhka ;yjqre lr we;s w;r


1.3 l¾;D uKav, iajdëk;ajh kS;sfhka ;yjqre lr we;s w;r


1.4 mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag ;u uQ,dY% wdrlaId lr .ekSfï whs;sh

kS;sfhka ;yjqre lr we;s w;r Ndú;fha§ o Bg .re lsÍu

1.5 udOH i|yd fmdÿ m%;sm;a;s yev.eiaùu flfrys

uyck yd isú,a iudc ixúOdk iyNd.s;ajh

wd úµq;a udOH i|yd kshduk moaO;shla

1.6 kshduk wdh;kj, iajdëk;ajh kS;sfhka ;yjqre lr we;s w;r


1.7 kshduk wdh;k udOH nyqúONdjh" m%ldYkfha ksoyi yd

f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï whs;sh

we wmydi kS;s yd ckudOHlrejkag n,mdk fjk;a kS;suh ndOl

1.8 rdcHh úiska udOH fj; wkjYH kS;suh iïndOl fkdmKjhs

1.9 wmydi kS;s úiska lrkq ,nkafka mqoa.,hkaf.a .re;ajh

wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd wjYH mgq u l%shdud¾. .ekSu muKs

1.10 m%ldYkfha ksoyig ndOdldÍ jk cd;sl wdrlaIdj" ffjÍ m%ldY"

fm!oa.,sl;ajh" wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍu yd wiNH;ajh

u; mokï jk fjk;a kS;s meyeÈ,sj yd mgq f,i ks¾jpkh lr

;sìh hq;= h' tajd cd;Hka;r kS;s wkqj m%cd;dka;%sl iudchla

Wfoid idOdrK tajd úh hq;=h'

wE jdrKh

1.11 udOH kS;sfhka fyda Ndú;fhka mQ¾j jdrKhlg

,la fkd l< hq;= h

1.12 rdcH ixfõ§ yd wys;lr wka;¾cd, wka;¾.;hkag ndOd lsÍug

fyda tajd fmryka lsÍug rdcHh lghq;= fkd l< hq;= h


ldYkfha ksoyi hkq f,dalfha rdcH

úiska 1948oS ms<s.kakd ,o úYaj udkj

mdroDIHNdjh yd n,h ork wh uyck

ksÍlaIKhg ,la lsÍu m%j¾Okh

lrñka rcfha ishÆ iajrEmhka ms<sn|

mÍlaIdfjka isákafkla' tfiau"

wld¾hlaIu;djka wduka;%Kh lrkafkla

yd fmdÿ iyNd.s;ajh ;yjqre lrkafkla'

jeros ;SrK msgqolskafkla' tjeks

wld¾hlaIu;djka wduka;%Kh lrk njg"

uyck iyNd.s;ajh ;yjqre lrk njg

yd jeros ;SrK fkd .kakd yd tajd ms<sn`o

lghq;= lrk njg;a j. n,d .kshs'

• wd¾:sl ld¾hlaIu;dj Èß.kajk

fuj,ula

• m%cd;dka;%sl l%shdj,sfha w;HjYH

myiqlï imhkafkla' ksoyia yd idOdrK

ue;sjrK ;yjqre lrkafkla

• nyqúO jákdlïj,g .re lrk w;r"

;ukaf.au whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka fmkS

isák iudc l%shdldßlfhla

flfia fj;;a" wjodkug m;a yd wdka;sl

lKavdhïj, y~ neyer lsÍfuka iy n,j;a

udOH ysñlrejkaf.a y`vg m%uqL;dj oSfuka

we;eï úg ckudOH we;eï n,fõ.hkaf.a

wjYH;djkaf.a n,h jer.ekaùug yd iudc

wiudk;djka jvd;a whym;a ;;a;ajhg m;a

lsÍug l%shd lr;ss' Y%S ,xldfõ isÿ ù we;s

wdldrhg ckudOHj,ska .egqï yd iudch

fn§u Èß.ekaùu o isÿ úh yels h'

ta wkqj" m%ldYkfha ksoyi" hymd,kh yd

udkj ixj¾Okh ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq

lrk iEu flfkl=u ie,ls,su;a jk

jeo.;a u ldrKh jkafka fuu w;sYh

jeo.;a wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd

odhl jk udOH l%shdldÍ rduqj yd

Ndú;djka Èß.ekaúh yels wdldrhhs' w¨;a

yd kej; msysgqjk ,o m%cd;ka;%jdohka

;=< fuh úfYaIfhka jeo.;a fõ' tajdfha

udOH moaO;s u¾okh" ¥IKh" hqoaOfha yd

W!k ixj¾Okfha m%;sM, fya;=fjka úlD;s

ù ;sfí'

ixo¾Nh ( m%ldYkfha ksoyi iy udOH ksoyi

uxcqidj

02

m%ysñlï m%ldYkfhys uQ,sldx.hls' foaYmd,k

mlaI msysgqùfï" foaYmd,k woyia fnod yod

.ekSfï" uyck ks,OdÍkaf.a l%shdud¾. m%Yak

lsÍfï jeks fjk;a m%cd;ka;%jd§ ksoyia

wjia:djka ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd th w;HjYH

hhs mq¿,aj úYajdi flf¾'

whs;Ska Ndú;d lsÍu i|yd fhdod .; yels

fmdÿ fõÈldjla imhk neúka m%ldYkfha

ksoyi i|yd ckudOH b;d jeo.;a fõ'

udOH m%cd;dka;%sl ixjdofha fõÈldjla f,i

ie,lSfï woyi ;=<g tlsfkl u; w;smsys;

jk l%shdldß;ajhka /ila wh;a fõ' fuu

ixo¾Nfha§ fuys§ udOH hkafkka m%jD;a;s

yd uyck f;dr;=re m%pdrKh lrk ish¨

kd,sld yd ksl=;a lrk ia:dk woyia flf¾'

fuu ixo¾Nh ;=< udOH my; wdldrfhka o

oelsh yels h(

• mqrjeishkag tlsfkld iu. ikaksfõokh

l< yels f;dr;=re yd wOHdmk

kd,sldjla

• l;kaor" woyia yd f;dr;=re

fnodyßkafkla

• md,lhka yd md,s;hka w;r;a" ;r.ldÍ

fm!oa.,sl ksfhdað;hka w;r;a zks¾ñ;sfha

iajdNdúl wiuñ;shZ ksjerÈ lrkakla

• úúO iudc l%shdldßlhka w;r

m%cd;dka;%sl wdldrfhka úhjq,a úi|d

.ekSu i|yd Èß.kajk f;dr;=re u;

mokï jQ újdohl myiqlï i,ikafkla

• iudch ;uka .ek u bf.k .kakd

wdldrhla" iudc ye`.Su we;s lrkakla"

jákdlï" pdß;% yd jdß;% f;areï .ekSu

yev.iajkakla

• cd;Ska ;=< yd cd;Ska w;r ixialD;sl

m%ldYkhg yd ixialD;sl talSh iuia;h

we;s lsÍug jdylhla

• ¥IK" mßmd,k jerÈ yd iud.ï jerÈ

fy<sorõ lrñka" fmdÿck Ôú;fha


kS;s yd m%;sm;a;s l%shdldÍ rduqj

w1

978§ iïu; lrk ,o Y%S ,xld wdKavql%u

jHjia:dfjka m%ldYkfha ksoyi yd l;d

lsÍfï ksoyi iy;sl lr ;sfí' tys 14 ^1&

j.ka;sfhys fufia oelafõ' zziEu mqrjeisfhl=g u

l:d lsÍfï yd m%ldYkfha ksoyi" m%ldYk m%isoaO

lsÍfï whs;sh o ;sfí'ZZ6

tfy;a" wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ fjk;a

j.ka;sj,ska m%ldYkfha ksoyi iSud flf¾'

ta fufia h(

•15 ^2& j.ka;sfhys i|yka jk wdldrhg z14

jeks jHjia:dfõ ^1& jeks wkqjHjia:dfõ ^w&

fþofhka m%ldY fldg ms<sf.k we;s uQ,sl

whs;sjdislu N=la;s ú¢h yelafla o" l%shd;aul

úh yelafla o" jd¾.sl yd wd.ñl iyfhda.s;dj

;yjqre lsÍu i|yd fyda md¾,sfïka;= jrm%ido"

wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍu" wmydih fyda jrolg

fm<Uùu yd iïnkaOj kS;sfhka kshu lrkq

,eìh yels iSud lsÍïj,g hg;aj h'

•15 ^7& j.ka;sh wkqj zjHjia:dfjka m%ldY

fldg ms<sf.k we;s ish¨u uQ,sl whs;sjdislï

N=la;s ú¢h yelafla o" l%shd;aul úh yelafla o"

rdcH wdrlaIdj o" rfÜ h:d meje;au o" ;yjqre

lsÍu msKsi;a" uyck fi!LHh fyda iodpdrh

wdrlaId lsÍu msKsi;a" wkHhkaf.a whs;sjdislï

yd kka jeoEreï ksoyi ksis mßÈ ms<s.kakd njg

iy Bg ksis mßÈ .re lrk njg j.n,d .ekSu

msKsi;a" m%cd;ka;%jd§ iudchl fmdÿ iqNidOkh

1 01 m%ldYkfha ksoyi

kS;sfhka ;yjqre

lr we;s w;r Ndú;fha§

o Bg .re lsÍu

http://www.parliament.lk/constitution/main

6


i|yd hqla;s iy.;j wjYH oE imqrd,Su msKsi;a"

kS;sfhka kshu lrkq ,eìh yels iSud lsÍïj,g

hg;aj h'Z fuu wkqjHjia:dfõ ld¾h i|yd

zkS;shZ hkakg uyck wdrlaIdj ms<sn|j

;;ald,fha wod< jk kS;sh hgf;a idok ,o

ksfhda. o we;=<;a jkafka h'

tfiau 14 ^1& j.ka;sh ishÆ mqoa.,hkag wod<

fkd jk w;r" wod< jkafka mqrjeishkag h'

kS;s m%ldrj" mqoa.,hd hk fhÿfuys mqrjeishd

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iud.ï fyda kS;s.; wdh;k o wka;¾.; fõ'

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l< hq;= cd;Hka;r m%ñ;shhs' fjk;a jpkj,ska

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cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska yd wkql+, ùug wiu;a ùu

fya;=fjka 14jk j.ka;sfha iSudjkaf.a mrdih

úfõpkhg ,la fõ' m<uqj" 15 ^2& yd ^7& hk

j.ka;sj, we;s mÍlaIdj isÿ jkafka my;

,ehsia;=fõ tla fldgil Wjukdjka fjkqfjks'

cd;Hka;r kS;sfha§ mÍlaIdj tys wjYH;djg

jvd oeä tlla fõ' we;eï wjia:dj,§ Y%S

,xldfõ wêlrKh úiska we;eï kvqj, w¾:

ksrEmKhka yryd fuu ldrKh wduka;%Kh

lr ;sfí' tfy;a tys ÿ¾j, ;;a;ajhla we;'

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cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s iu. iïmQ¾Kfhka wkq.;

fkdfõ' tu`.ska wjYH;djka iqrlaId lsÍug kS;s

j¾.j,g jvd jeä bvlvla ,nd fohs' ^tkï"

wmydihg jvd lS¾;sh iy wêlrKhg wmydi

lsÍug jvd wêlrKfha wêldrhhs'& fuys§ 15

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idudkH iqnidOkfha yqÿ wjYH;dj imqrd .ekSuZ

b;d idudkH jk w;r tu`.ska m%dfhda.sl ´kEu

lreKla w¾: ksrEmKh l< yels h'

2015 wfma%,a 28 Èk iïu; lrk ,o 19jk

wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkfhys" f;dr;=re

oek.ekSfï whs;sh uQ,sl ysñlula njg m;a

lrk úêúOdk o we;=<;a fõ' tu`.ska fuys my;

wxl 1'2 hgf;a idlÉPd lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re

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;sfnk cd;Hka;r ne£ïj,g isú,a yd

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m%{ma;sh wh;a fõ' Y%S ,xldj 1980§ thg w;aika

;enQ w;r 1997§ w;sf¾l m%{ma;shgo w;aika

;enqfõ h' 2007§ md¾,sfïka;=j úiska wxl 56

ork isú,a yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï ms<sn|

cd;Hka;r m%{ma;s mk; iïu; lrk ,§' tu`.

ska isú,a yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï ms<sn|

https://www.parliament.lk/files/pdf/constitution/19th-amendment-act.pdf

07


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ms<sn| cd;Hka;r m%{ma;s mk; u`.ska tlS

m%{ma;sfha ysñlï uq¿ukska u l%shd;aul jk nj

2008§ fYa%IaGdêlrKh úiska u;hla f,i m%ldY

lrk ,§'8

isú,a yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï ms<sn|

cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sfha 19jk j.ka;sh 2007 isú,a

yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï ms<sn| cd;Hka;r

m%{ma;s mk;g9 jvd mq¿,a mrdihla ;=<

úysfohs' isú,a yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï ms<sn|

cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sh úiska bv ,nd fokqfha

wdKavql%u jHjia:djg jvd ixLHd iSudjkaghs'

wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ ke;s iïndOl mekùfuys§

isú,a yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï ms<sn|

cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sh ;=< idOdrKSlrKh i`oyd

by< m%ñ;s ;sìh hq;= h'10

cd;Hka;r udkj ysñlï .súiqï yd f,aLk

w;ßka ishÆ wdldrfha jd¾.sl w.;Ska msgqoelSfï

cd;Hka;r iïuq;shg ^1982& o" <ud whs;sjdislï

ms<sn| iïuq;shg ^1991& o Y%S ,xldj w;aika lr

;sfí' tajd m%ldYkfha ksoyig o wod< fõ'

1996 wxl 21 orK mk; hg;a Y%S ,xld udkj

ysñlï fldñIu msysgqjkq ,enqfõ zrfÜ udkj

ysñlï wdrlaId lsÍu m%j¾Okh lsÍu msKsi hZ'11

th rcfhka ksoyia ùfï wjYH;dj udkj ysñlï

ui kS;s úYdrohka jk

frdydka tÈßisxy yd wix.

je,sl, úiska m< lrk ,o

újrKhl fmkajd fohs'

tu`.ska wod< ;;a;ajhka

iïmQ¾K jkafka o ke;.http://www.cpalanka.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ICCPR-Chapter-Final.pdf

l%shdldÍka yd isú,a iudc lKavdhï úiska jir

.Kkdjla ;siafia wjOdrKh lr ;sfí' ksoiqkla

f,i" 2013§ isÿ lrk ,o iúia;r újrKhlg

wkqj" kS;sh yd iudch Ndrfha n,mEï lKavdhu

úiska Y%S ,xld udkj ysñlï fldñIu y÷kajkq

,enqfõ wdKavqjg mlaImd;S rElvhla f,ihs'12

1978 isg" wdKavql%u jHjia:dj úiska m%ldYkfha

ksoyi fj; imhk ,o wdrlaIdj fndfyda

wjia:dj,§ mÍlaIdjg ,la lr ;sfí' ta w;ßka

we;eï tajd by< fmf<a kvqh' kS;s úYaf,aIl

wix. je,sl, mjik mßÈ 14 ^1& ^w& j.ka;sfha

oelafjka m%ldYkfhA ksoyi wka;¾.; jk

mßÈ w¾:l:kh lsÍfï ,snr,a m%fõYhla fj;

fY%IaGdêlrKfha kvq kS;sh u`.ska m%fõY ù ;sfí'

Tyq fufia o mjihs( zta wkqj Pkaoh §fï ysñlu

^Wod( m%Odk weu;s kvqj& yd foaYmd,k úfrdaO

l:k fkdjk iajrEm" m%ldYkfha ksoyfia úIh

m:hg ^ck f>daId kvqj wkqj& yd úiïuq;sfha

ysñlug ^hqla;sh kvqj& wh;a fõ' m%ldYkfha

ksoyig we;eï f;dr;=re iajrEm ,nd.ekSfï yd

fnodyeÍfï ksoyi o wh;a jk nj wêlrKh

ms<sf.k ;sfí ^Wod( Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:djg

tÈßj úu,a m%kdkaÿ kvqj&'Z13

zfYa%IaGdêlrKhg fuu lreKq iïnkaOfhka

ks, ,snr,a ia:djrhla ms<sn| jd¾;d ke;s

neúkaZ kvq kS;s yd wêlrK w¾:l:khka u;

r|d mej;Su m%udKj;a fkd jk nj je,sl,

Y%S ,dxlsl rduqj ;=<

uQ,sl ysñlï iSud lsÍfï

wjYH;d ixl,amh we;eï

kvqj,§ idlÉPd lsÍug

fYa%IaGdêlrKh W;aidy lr

;sfí' Wod( wdßh rEnisxy yd

fjk;a whg tÈßj iqks,d

wfífialr ^2001; 1 SLR 315& ty;a fuh m%udKj;a ke;s

w;r wêlrKh úiska ia:djr

f,i bka miq kvqj,§

wkq.ukh lr o ke;'

092007 cd;Hka;r isú,a yd

foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï mk;

hkq hqfrdamd ix.uh úiska

msßkukq ,nk Ô'tia'mS' ma,ia

nÿ iyk i|yd fldkafoais

imqrd we;s nj fmkaùu

msKsi jHdc f,i iïu; lr

.kakd ,o mk;la f,i kS;s

úYaf,aIlfhda ols;s' th ÿ¾j,

kS;s iïmdokhla jkafka

flfia o hkak 2015 ckjdß

8 10InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRightshttp://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx


fmkajd fohs' fndfyda wjia:dj,§" wêlrK

;Skaÿ cd;Hka;r m%ñ;sj,g wkql+, jkafka ke;'

uE;§ jeäysá fma%laIlhka i|yd ksIamdokh

lrk ,o jD;a;dka; Ñ;%mghla ;ykï lsÍfï§

^wlaIrh kvqj& fYa%IaGdêlrKh ixialD;sh yd

iodpdrh ms<sn| ;ukaf.a u oDIaáh u; lghq;=

lrk ,§' ta yd iudkj u" wêlrKhg wmydi

lsÍfï kS;sfha§ n,;, ys;=jlaldr yd m%;s.dó

f,i Ndú;d lsÍu fya;=fjka m%ldYkfha ksoyi

yd udOH ksoyi iïnkaOfhka krl n,mEula

we;s ù ;sfí' md¾,sfïka;=j úiska o f;dard .;a

mqj;am;al,dfõ§kag ovqjï lsÍu i|yd jrm%ido

n,h mdúÉÑ lrk ,§'14

m¾fhaIK yd n,mEï ixúOdkhla jk úl,am

m%;sm;a;s flakao%h 2011 jif¾§ Y%S ,xldfõ

m%ldYkfha ksoyi ms<sn| újrKfhys igyka

lf<a m%ldYkfha ksoyi yd iïnkaO kvq

lSmhl§ fYa%IaGdêlrKh úiska wdKavql%u

jHjia:dfjka iy;sl lrk ,o m%ldYkfha

ksoyi iSud lsÍu i|yd w;sYh mq¿,a yd wmeyeÈ,s

wdrlaIl kS;s mdúÉÑ lr we;s njhs'

úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakao%h fufia o mjihs( zwdKavql%u

jHjia:d ysñlï ,snr,a mokulska w¾:l:kh

lsÍfï§ Y%S ,xld fYa%IaGdêlrKhg we;af;a ÿ¾j,

jd¾;djls' jHjia:d ysñlï ms<sn| kvqj,§

wêlrKh idudkHfhka rchg mlaImd;S ùfï

m%jK;djla m%o¾Ykh lr ;sfí' úfYaIfhka u yÈis

kS;s iSudjkag wod< kvqj,§ fuh olakg ,efí'

zisú,a yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï ms<sn|

cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sh fuka fkdj" Y%S ,xld

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj hgf;a jHjia:duh ysñlï

zidOdrK fyda wjYHZ njg m%ldYs; wjYH;djla

ke;' tjeks wjYH;djla fkdue;sùu úiska iSud

mekùfï§ rchlg mq¿,a bvla ,nd fohs' tfiau

wêlrKhlg lsishï iSudlsÍula w¾:l:kh

lsÍfï§ thska ,efnk m%fhdackh iSudiys;h'Z15

Y%S ,xldfõ m%ldYkfha ksoyfia Ndú;dj

miq.sh oYl ;=fkys W;=re kef.kysr isÿ jQ

hqoaOh yd 1971" 1987-89 udlaiajd§ ;reK le/,s

iu. LKavkh l< fkdyels f,i ne§ ;sfí'

tajd hqouh jYfhka u¾okh lrk ,§' fuu

.egqïj, md¾Yajhka úiska m%ldYkfha ksoyi

úúOdldrfhka hgm;a lrk ,§'

Y% S ,xldfõ m%ldYkfha ksoyi m%Odk

jYfhka kS;suh úêúOdk folla u`.ska

wjodkug md;% fõ'

•yÈis kS;sh ^1947 wxl 25 orK uyck wdrlaIl

mk; wkqj mKjk ,o& 1971 isg flá

ld,iSudjl§ yer16 jir 40la l%shd;aulj

mej;s w;r 2011§ md¾,sfïka;=j úiska udislj

§¾> l< hq;= fuu úêúOdkh 2011 wf.daia;= 31

isg wfydais ù hkakg bv yßk ,§'

•1979 wxl 48 orK ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï

^;djld,sl úêúOdk& mk;’ fuu mk; 1982 wxl

FreedomofExpressionontheInternetinSriLanka,CentreforPolicyAlternatives,Colombo.November2011.http://cpalanka.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/FOE-REPORT-NOV-2011-FINAL-CPA.pdf

PublicSecurityOrdinanceNo25of1947,https://goo.gl/HcAZOi

PreventionofTerrorism(TemporaryProvisions)ActNo.48of1979http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/shrilanka/document/actsandordinance/prevention_of_terrorism.htm

14 1511 http://hrcsl.lk/english/about-us/establishment/

TheNationalHumanRightsCommissionofSriLanka:MarionetteoftheState.PaperbyMiyuruGunasinghe,Law&SocietyTrust(LST),SriLanka.FORUMASIA,Bangkok2013http://www.lawandsocietytrust.org/PDF/resource/marionette_state.pdf

16

SecuringtheFreedomofExpressionintheNewSriLanka:EssentialInstitutionalReforms,byAsangaWelikala.Groundviews.org17January2015.http://groundviews.org/2015/01/17/securing-the-freedom-of-expression-in-the-new-sri-lanka-essential-institutional-reforms/

12

13


10 yd 1988 wxl 22 hgf;a ixfYdaOkh lr ;ju;a

kS;s fmd;aj, ;sfí’ th oeka ia:djr kS;shls'17

´kEu wjia:djl mqj;am;a m%ldYk wdjrKh

lsÍfï yd úfYaI wdldrfha wka;¾.;hka wkqu;

lsÍu i|yd ksis n,Odßhl= m;a lsÍfï úêúOdk

thg we;=<;a fõ ^fuhska woyia jkafka jdrKhhs&'

;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mkf;a wvx.= jk jpk

fufia h:

(a) No person shall, without the approval in writing of a competent authority, print or publish in any newspaper any matter relating to -

(i) the commission of any act which constitute an offence under this Act or the investigation of any such offence; or

(ii) incitement to violence, or which is likely to cause religious, racial or communal disharmony or feeling of ill-will or hostility between different communities or racial or religious groups.

(b) No person shall, without the approval in writing of a competent authority, distribute or be concerned in the distribution of any newspaper printed or published in Sri Lanka or outside Sri Lanka in respect of any matter the printing and publication of which is prohibited under paragraph (a).

yÈis n,;, md,kh jkafka zidudkH ;;a;ajhZ yd

zjH;sf¾LhZ w;r we;s uQ,sl fjki wkqjhs' úOdhlh

úiska úfYaIs; n,;, Ndú;d lsÍug fmr úfYaIs;

;;a;ajhla mj;sk nj m%ldY lr th idOdrKSlrKh

l< hq;= h' fïjd ld,dkqrEm jk w;r l,ska l,g

hdj;ald,Sk l< hq;= h' tu m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu"

mj;ajdf.k hdu yd yÈis wjia:djl§ úfYaIs;

n,;, mdúÉÑ lsÍu oeä jHjia:dodhl yd wêlrK

md,khlg hg;a fõ' fï ,laIK fndfyduhla

wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ wvx.= fõ' tfy;a Ndú;dfõ§

th wiu;a ù we;' we;eï wdKavq tajd fkd ;ld yßhs'

yÈis kS;s n,;, we;eï wjia:dj,§ idudkH kS;sh

u.yer hkakg o Ndú;d lr ;sfí'

wfkla w;g ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï n,;, ;¾ckfha

ld, jljdkqjg muKla wod< jkafka ke;' uQ,sl

ysñlïj,g ne?reï f,i n,mdk w;sf¾l n,;,

thg wh;a fõ' úOdhlj úiska tajd Ndú;d l< hq;af;a

oeä f,i m%fõiïiy.;j jk w;r ksis mÍlaId

lsÍï yd ;=,khka isÿ úh hq;= h'18

yÈis kS;sh hgf;a mejfrk n,h úOdhlh úiska

wmyrKh lsÍu kj ixisoaêhla fkd fõ' ish

úreoaOjd§ka u¾okh lsÍu i|yd iEu rchla úiskau

th Ndú;d lr ;sfí' Y%S ,xldfõ m%ldYkfha ksoyfia

;;a;ajh ms<sn| wdál,a 19 úiska ish jd¾;dfõ olajd

we;af;a fufia h( zfmd,siam;sf.a wjirh fkdue;sj

fmdaiag¾ we,ùu fyda m;%sld fn§u" uyck /iaùï yd

fm<md,s" mqj;am;a ;ykï lsÍu i|yd o" m%ldYk

jdrKh lsÍu" uqo%Kd, iS,a ;eîu" f;dr;=re uQ,dY%

wdrlaId lsÍfï ,d jeo.;a mqj;am;a l,d uQ,O¾u

W,a,x>kh lsÍu" isú,a kS;s lv lsÍfï jHdmdrhka

fnÿïjdohka f,i kï lsÍu yd foaYmd,k mlaI

úia;r i`oyd n,kak:AStateofPermanentCrisis:ConstitutionalGovernment,FundamentalRightsandStatesofEmergencyinSriLanka,byAsangaWelikala,2008.http://cpalanka.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/5/States%20of%20Emergency%20%2830%2010%202008%29.pdf

AnAgendaforChange:TheRighttoFreedomofExpressioninSriLanka.Article19.October1994http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/publications/sri-lanka-agenda-for-change.pdf

17 18


http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/test-first-name-test-middle-name-test-last-name/j-s-tissainayagam

http://www.pmaward.org/recipients/j-s-tissainayagam/

EmergencyLawintheContextofTerrorism–SriLanka.ByNiranAnketell&GehanGunatilleke.SouthAsiansforHumanRights,2011.http://www.southasianrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/SL-Security-Laws-Final.pdf

19 21

ks ¾ f oa Y ( m%ldYkfha ksoyi i|yd jk uQ,sl ysñlu

wdrlaId jk mßÈ wdKavql%u jHjia:dj

ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= h' mqrjeishkaf.a

muKla fkd j" ishÆ mqoa.,hkaf.a f;dr;=re

rfÜ kS;sfha md,khg hg;a úh hq;= h'

yÈis kS;s fr.=,dis ^uyck wdrlaIl

mk; hgf;a& Ndú;dj cd;Hka;r udkj

ysñlï kS;s hgf;a w¾:l:kh lrk ,o

cd;sfha meje;aug ;¾ckhla we;s ùu jeks

b;du iqúfYaI wjia:djkag iSud lsÍu

i|yd wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ixfYdaOkh

l< hq;= h' idudkH kS;s w;sl%uKh

lrkakg fujeks kS;s Ndú;d fkd l< hq;=

h' yÈis kS;sj, wjYH;dj tu kS;sfhys

meyeÈ,sj olajd ;sìh hq;= h' yÈis kS;s

mekùu idOdrKoehs ;lafiare lsÍfï n,h

wêlrKhg ,nd Èh hq;= h'

isú,a yd foaYmd,k ysñlï mkf;a 19

^3& j.ka;sh yd iïnkaO m%ldYkfha yd

f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï ksoyi yd iïnkaO

uQ,sl ysñlï iSud lsÍu i|yd wjir

we;af;a l=uk úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a

o hkak wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ i|yka

úh hq;= h' iSud lsÍula idOdrK jk

wNs,dIhka yd tu wNs,dIhka wdrlaId

lsÍu i|yd iSud lsÍula wjYH jk fya;=

thg we;=<;a úh hq;= h'

m%ldYkfha ksoyi iSud lrk ishÆ

mj;akd kS;s rch úiska újrKh l<

hq;= h' tys§ wruqK úh hq;af;a tajd

cd;Hka;r udkj ysñlï kS;s yd Í;s iu.

iïmQ¾Kfhka u wkq.; ùug wjYH mßÈ

ixfYdaOkh lsÍuhs'

;ykï lsÍug o úúO jljdkqj,§ yÈis kS;s Ndú;d

lr ;sfí'Z19

udOHfõ§ fÊ' tia' ;siaikdh.ï r|jd .ekSu" kvq

mejÍu" jrolre lsÍu yd isr.; lsÍu Tiafia

;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mkf;a m%;sM, meyeÈ,sj

ksrEmKh úh' 2006 § Tyq úiska ixialrKh lrk

,o zzfkda;a Biag¾ka uka;a,sZZ i`.rdfjys m< lrk

,o ,sms u`.ska jd¾.sl wiu.sh we;s lsÍfï yd tu

i`.rdj m< lsÍu i|yd wruqo,a /ia lsÍfï fpdaokdj

u; 2009 wf.daia;=ys§ Tyq nrm;, jev iys;j jir

20lg isr f.g kshu lrk ,§'20 Tyqg t,a, lrk

,o fpdaokd yd b;d nrm;, jQ oKavkh f,dj mqrd

fy<d oelSug ,la úh' ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI

úiska wjidkfha§ 2010 uehs 03 Èk ;siaikdh.ï

ksoyia lrk ,§'

oeka wfydais ù ;sfnk yÈis kS;s fr.=,dis yd oekg;a

mj;sk ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; Y%S ,xldfõ

m%ldYkfha ksoyig we;s lr ;sfnk n,mEu w;s

uy;a h' kS;s úYaf,aIl ksrdka wekalfg,a yd

f.ydka .=K;s,l 2011§ ta ms<sn|j fufia igyka

l< y( zyÈis kS;sh hgf;a lrkq ,nk úfYaIs; udOH

u¾okh uE; ld,fha§ wvq ù ;sfí' flfia fj;;a"

u¾okixialD;sh yd yÈis kS;sh yd ;%ia;jdoh

je<elaùfï mk; hgf;a w;awvx.=jg .ekSu yd

r|jd ;nd .ekSu i|yd ;sfnk ksrka;r ;¾ckh

fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldfõ udOH úiska j¾;udkfha iajhx

jdrKhla mkjdf.k ;sfí'Z21

20


tla úl,amhla jkafka kS;s" wêlrKfhka

^jHjia:d& w¾:l:kh lsÍu kej;

y÷kajd §uhs' tu`.ska kS;s u; wdKavql%u

jHjia:dfõ wêldß;ajh ;yjqre fõ'

fuu`.ska merKs kS;s iïnkaO m%Yak /ila

wduka;%Kh lrkq we;' tajd jHjia:djg

wkqj mÍlaId lrkakg o mq¿jk'

f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï

whs;sh kS;sfhka ;yjqre

lr we;s w;r Ndú;fha§ o Bg

.re lsÍu

rch yd wdKavqj md¾Yjfhka

mdroDIHNdjhla fkdue;slu Y%S ,xldfõ

md,kfhys we;s m%Odk wvqmdvqjls'

iïmQ¾K rdcdKavq md,khla mej;s ishjia

.Kka ld,fhaa lsisÿ újD; ixialD;shla fkd

mej;s w;r" bka miq hg;a úð; md,kh úiska

o Ndú;d lrkq ,enqfõ wêldß;ajfha yd

ryiHNdjfha ixialD;shls'

ks, ryia mk; ^1955 wxl 32& úiska lsisÿ

ks, ryila udOH fj; ,nd §u iSud lr

;sfí' miq.sh oYl .Kkdjla mqrd uyck

jeo.;alulska hq;a mq¿,a mrdihl f;dr;=re

wdjrKh lsÍu i|yd fuu kS;sh w¾:l:kh

lrkq ,enqfõ h' fuu mk;g mokï jkafka

1911 ì%;dkH ks, ryia mk;hs' th iïu; lr

.ekqfKa m<uq f,dal hqoaO jd;djrKh ;=< h'

th miqld,Skj ì%;dkH kS;s úYdrohkaf.a oeä

úfõpkhg ,la jQ w;r 1989 ks, ryia mk;

bj;a lrk ,§'22

Y%S ,xldj úiska f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï whs;sh

y÷kajd §u i|yd ork ,o W;aidyhka 2001

jir olajd Èj hhs' 2003 § úl,am m%;sm;a;s

flakaøh" l¾;D ixioh yd ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh"

w.ue;s ld¾hd,fha" kS;sm;sjrhdf.a yd wêlrK

wud;HdxYfha iydh we;sj f;dre;= oek.ekSfï

ksoyi ms<sn| mk;la iïmdokh lrk ,§' thg

2003 w. Nd.fha§ leìkÜ wkque;sh ysñ úh'

ckdêm;s úiska 2004 uq,§ th wkqu; lrk ,§'

http://www.sundaytimes.lk/090208/Columns/focus.html

InformationMinistrySec’scommentdrawsfirefrommediaassociations.TheSundayTimes,5Aug2012.http://www.sundaytimes.lk/120805/news/information-ministry-secs-comment-draws-fire-from-media-associations-8001.html

22 23

1 02


http://www.law-democracy.org/live/sri-lanka-proposes-strong-right-to-information-act/

http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/sri-lankas-right-to-information-bill-presented-to-parliament/

SriLankaConstitutionupdatedwithallamendmentsasat15May2015,accessedfrom:http://www.parliament.lk/files/pdf/constitution.pdf

26

mk; ms<sn| úYaf,aIKhla lrk ,§' tu mk;

iïu; jqjfyd;a th f,dj i;afjks Yla;su;a u

mk; jkq we;ehs Tjqyq mejiQ y'27

fï w;r" rch úiska f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï

ysñlï mk; 2015 wfm%a,a ui iïu; lr .kakd

,o 19jk wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh u`.ska

uQ,sl ysñlula njg m;a lr we;'28

wod< fldgfiys fufia lshfõ (

14 w' ̂ 1& iEu mqrjeishl=g u

^w& rch" wud;HxYhla fyda hï wdKavqfõ

fomd¾;fïka;=jla fyda hï kS;shla u`.ska

fyda kS;shla hgf;a fyda msysgqjkq ,enQ fyda

we;s lrkq ,enQ hï jHjia:dms; uKav,hla

i;=j mj;akd jQ

^wd& hï m<d;a wud;H uKav,hl

wud;Hjrhl=f.a hï wud;HdxYhla fyda

hï fomd¾;fïka;=jla fyda m<d;a iNd

m%{ma;shla u`.ska msysgqjkq ,enQ fyda we;s

lrkq ,enQ hï jHjia:dms; uKav,hla fyda

i;=j mj;akd jQ

^we& hï m<d;a md,k wdh;khla i;=j

mj;akd jQ iy

^wE& fï wkq jHjia:dfõ ^w&" ^wd& fyda

^we& fþoj, i|yka wdh;kj,g wod<j

fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l= i;=j mj;akd jQ"

iy mqrjeishl=f.a whs;shla C%shd;aul lsÍu

i|yd fyda wdrlaId lsßu i|yd wjYH jQ hï

tfy;a 2004 jif¾ uq, md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejd

yeÍug fmr th iïu; lr .ekSug fkdyels úh'

bka miq n,hg meñKs wdKavqj tu mk;g leue;a;la

oelajQfha ke;' 2012 cq,s udifha§" rch f;dr;=re

oek.ekSfï whs;sh ms<sn| kS;s y÷kajd fkd fok

nj m%isoaêfha lshñka ckudOH yd f;dr;=re

wud;HdxYfha f,alïjrhd úiska u;fNaoldÍ

;;a;ajhla ks¾udkh lrk ,§' tu`.ska rfÜ cd;sl

wdrlaIdjg ;¾ckhla we;s jk nj Tyq mejiS h'23

f;dr;=re oek.ekSfï whs;sh kS;sfhka ;yjqre

lsÍu úmlaIfha fmdÿ wfmalaIl ffu;%Smd,

isßfiakf.a 2015 ckjdß ckdêm;sjrK

m%ldYfha meyeÈ,sj we;=<;a úh'24 2015 ckjdß

ue;sjrKfhka miq kj rch úiska 2003 f;dr;=re

oek.ekSfï mk; ixfYdaOkh lr hdj;ald,Sk

lrñka ta yd iïnkaO kS;s iïmdokh lsÍu

wdrïN lrk ,§' fmnrjdß yd Tlaf;dan¾ w;r

ld,h ;=<§ flgqïm;a lSmhla ilik ,§'

leìkÜ uKav,h th 2015 foieïnrfha§ wkqu;

l< w;r 2016 uq,a ld¾;=fõ§ md¾,sfïka;=fõ

újdo lsÍug iQodkï lf<ah'25

fuu jd¾;dj m< lrk wjia:dfõ f;dr;=re

oek.ekSfï mk; 2016 ud¾;= 24od

md¾,sfïka;=jg bÈßm;a lr ;sìKs'26

lekvdfõ kS;sh yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh ms<sn|

uOHia:dkh úiska 2015 foieïnrfha§ flgqïm;a

MaithripalaSirisena:CompassionateGovernment,StableCountry:ElectionManifesto,December2014.pp51-52.http://www.president.gov.lk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Manifesto-EN.pdf

http://www.sundaytimes.lk/151206/sports/right-to-information-bill-to-be-gazetted-soon-174329.html

24 25 28

27


f;dr;=rla fj; kS;sfhka i,id we;s mßÈ

m%fõY ùfï whs;sjdislu we;af;a h'

^2& cd;sl wdrlaIdj" fN!ñl wLKav;dj

fyda uyck wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍu

msKsi o" úIudpdr fyda wmrdO je<elaùu

msKsi o" fi!LHh fyda iodpdrh wdrlaId

lsÍu msKsi o" wka whf.a lS¾;sh fyda

whs;sjdislï wdrlaId lsÍu msKsi o"

fm!oa.,sl;ajh wdrlaId lsÍu msKsi o"

wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍu je<elaùu msKsi

o" md¾,sfïka;= jrm%ido wdrlaId lsÍu

iïnkaOfhka o úYajdih u; oekqï fok

,o f;dr;=re fy<sorõ lsÍu je<elaùu

msKsi o fyda wêlrKfha wêldÍ n,h yd

wmlaImd;S;ajh mj;ajdf.k hdu msKsio"

m%cd;ka;%jd§ iudchlg wjYH jkakd

jQ kS;sfhka kshu lrkq ,eìh yels iSud

lsÍï yer fjk;a ljr fyda iSudlsÍula fï

jHjia:dfjka m%ldY fldg ms<sf.k we;s

whs;sjdislu u; fkdmekúh hq;af;a h'

^3& fï jHjia:dfõ zmqrjeishdZ hkakg" hï

jHjia:dms; jQ fyda jHjia:dms; fkdjQ

uKav,hl idudðlhkaf.ka y;frka

;=klg fkdwvq ixLHdjla mqrjeishka

jkafka kï" tjeks uKav,hla we;=<;a fõ'

we;eï úYaf,aIlhka mjikafka fu;rï iúia;r ùu

wdKavql%u úêúOdkhla f,i Wjukdjg jeä nj yd

ir< jdlHhla ta i|yd m%udKj;a jkakg ;snqKq njhs'

ishÆ úia;r wod< kS;sfhys imhkakg ;sìKs'29

http://www.ft.lk/article/483191/Clear-thinking-and-professional-drafting-needed-for-Constitution-making

See,forexample,TISLpublicopinionsurveyonRTI:http://www.tisrilanka.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/RTI-final-report-for-web-28-Feb.pdf

29

tys ioyka jk wdldrhg ixfYdaOkh úiska

md¾,sfïka;= jrm%ido wdrlaId lsÍu fjkqfjka

f;dr;=re iSud lrhs' flfia fj;;a" m%cd;dka;%sl

moaO;shl§ md¾,sfïka;= jrm%ido wdrlaId lsÍu

msKsi Tjqka m;a l< ck;djf.ka f;dr;=re jika

lsÍfï idOdrK wjYH;djla ke;' kej; j;djla"

fuu ysñlu mqrjeishkag iSud lsÍu yd mqrjeishka

fkd jk wh tu ysñlfuka neyer lsÍu cd;Hka;r

m%ñ;Skag wkql+, fkd fõ'

f;dr;=re oek.ekSfï mk; úiska fuu ysñlu

l%shd;aul lrkq we;' tjeks kS;s iïu; lrk

,o fndfyda rgj, kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd

idOdrK mud ld,hla § ;sfí' ta f;dr;=re

oek .ekSfï whs;sh iïmQ¾Kfhka u f;areula

iys;j l%shd;aul ùu i|yd mßmd,k mámdáj,

isÿ úh hq;= .eUqre fjkialï isÿ lsÍu i|yd h'

tjeks mud ld, iSudjla Y%S ,xldfõ l%shd;aul

fkd l<fyd;a tu`.ska m%udohka yd l,lsÍï

we;s úh yels h'

ta fjkqfjka kS;s iïmdolhkag n,mEï lrk

w;r n,mEï ixúOdk úiska f;dr;=re oek.

ekSfï ysñlfï úfYaI Ndú;djka yd jdis ms<sn|j

oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka o l%shd;aul lrk

,§' g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a yd Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a wdh;kh úiska fld<U mokï lr

.;a mqj;am;a l,dfõoSka yd m%dfoaYSh mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§ka lKavdhï fï ms<sn|j oekqj;a lrk

,§'30 fuu m%h;akhka úiska oekqj;aNdjh jeä

30


l¾;D uKav, iajdëk;ajh hkq

udOH ysñlrejkaf.a fyda jHdmdr

l<ukdlrejkaf.a fyda ks,OdÍka

we;=¿ fjk;a ;=kajk md¾Yajj, ndOd lsÍulska

f;drj wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh lsÍug

ixialdrljrekag yd mqj;am;a l,dfõoSkag

;sfnk ksoyihs' l¾;D uKav, ksoyfia

uQ,O¾uh jkafka mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka yd úoHq;a

udOHlrejka ;SrK .;hq;af;a uyckhdg oek

.ekSug ;sfnk whs;sh u; mokï jQ jD;a;Sh

ks¾kdhlh u; ùuhs' th kS;sfhka ;yjqre lr"

Ndú;dfjys§ .re l< hq;= h'

Y%S ,xldfjys l¾;D udKav, iajdëk;ajh

ms<sn|j kS;suh jYfhka ;yjqre lsÍula ke;'

udOH wud;HdxYfha fjí wvúfha ioyka lr

;sfnk udOH m%;sm;a;sfhys wemlemùu ms<sno

j.ka;shla wvx.= fõ' ishÆ udOH msßiaj, l¾;D

udKav,sl iajdëk;ajh ;yjqre lrkq ,nk nj

tys i|yka fõ'32

tfy;a h:d¾:h jkafka udOH wka;¾.;h ms<sn|

;srK udOH wdh;k ;=<ska fukau tajdg msg;ska

o mSvkhg ,laùuhs'

fm!oa.,sl ysñldß;ajh iys; udOH wdh;k

;=<" m%jD;a;s wdjrKh yd woyia oelaùïj,oS

ysñlrejka yd l<ukdlrejka ish foaYmd,k

yd jdksc wjYH;djka bgq lr .ekSug ueÈy;a

ùu iq,n ;;a;ajhls' rcfha udOHj, ^tajd kshu

31

ks ¾ f oa Y ( Wmßu fy<sorõ lsÍu u; mokï jQ

f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï ysñlï kS;shla

l%shd;aul l< hq;= h' 1955 wxl 32 orK

ks, ryia mk; tlaflda wfydais l<

hq;= h' ke;skï f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï

ysñlï uQ,O¾uh u; ixfYdaOkh l<

hq;= h' hym;a wruqKq u; yd m%udKj;a

idOl iys;j jerÈ l%shd fy<sorõ lrk

mqoa.,hka wdrlaId lsÍfï úêúOdk

f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï mkf;ys wvx.=

úh hq;= h'

md¾,sfïka;= jrm%ido wdrlaId lsÍfï

mokñka f;dr;=re iSud lrk úêúOdk

wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka bj;a l< hq;=

h' ish,a, wvx.= jk mßÈ fuu kS;suh

f,aLkfha mrdih mq¿,a l< hq;= h'

lrk ,o w;r f;dr;=re oek.ekSfï ysñlu

i|yd m%cdj iQodkï lrk ,§'

f;dr;=re oek.ekSfï ysñlu l%shd;aul

lsÍu È.= .ukl wdrïNh i,l=Kq lrhs' th

ksis mßÈ l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd foaYmd,k

wêIaGdkhla" mßmd,k ie,iqï yd fmdÿ

wruqo,a wjYH h' iuia; l%shdj,sh u wjq,a

iy.; ùu yd fkdjqjukd fr.=,disj,ska

hqla; ùu j<lajd .ekSu i|yd isú,a iudc

lKavdhï yd udOH úiska wLKav ksÍlaIKhla

mj;ajdf.k hdu o wjYH h'31

1 03 l¾;D uKav,

iajdëk;ajh

kS;sfhka ;yjqre lr

we;s w;r Ndú;fha§ o

Bg .re lsÍu

http://www.media.gov.lk/images/pdf_word/media-policy_english.pdf

32BeyondRTI:MovingtowardsOpenDataandOpenGovernment.ByNalakaGunawardene.DailyMirror.14September2015.http://www.dailymirror.lk/87099/beyond-rti-moving-to-open-data-and-open-govt


http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/13756

PressFreedomandFreedomofExpressioninSriLanka:StruggleforSurvival.ReportoftheInternationalPressFreedomandFreedomofExpressionMissiontoSriLanka.January2007.http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/publications/sri-lanka-mission-rpt.pdf

33 34

uyck udOH fkdfõ' fï nj 3'3 ys idlÉPd

lr we;' md,l mlaIfha foaYmd,lhka m%jD;a;s

wdjrK yd woyia oelaùï ;ukag mlaImd;S f,i

isÿ ùfï wjYH;dj ms<sn| lreKq wjOdrKh

lrk wdldrh ta wkaoñka u iq,n h'

udOH ixialdrl ksoyi iïnkaO ndysr

mSvkh me;s .Kkdjlska t,a, úh yels

h' foaYmd,lhka" rcfha ks,OdÍka"

fj<| ±kaùïlrejka" uyck iïnkaO;d

ksfhdað;dh;k" úúO n,mEï lKavdhï wd§

úúO iajrEm tys ;sfí' fjk;a n,mEï wdldrhla

jkafka lsishï uyck reÑhla ;sfnk isoaêhla

wdjrKh fkdlr isàug n,mEï lsÍuhs'

ysgmq ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI cd;sl

mqj;am;a l¾;Djreka iy udOH l<ukdlrejka

udislj yuqùfï Ndú;djla ;sìKs' tys§

wod< jljdkqj ;=< wjOdkhg ,laù ;sfnk

u;fíod;aul lreKq fkd ks, jYfhka idlÉPd

lrk ,§' fujeks Ndú;djka úreoaO mlaIfha

yd we;eï l¾;Djrekaf.a ^t<smsg fkd jk&

úfõpkhg ,la úh' tajd udOHj, ixialdrl

wka;¾.;hkag n,mEï lsÍfï W;aidyhka

f,i ie,lsKs'33

Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH úoHq;a udOH ikaksfõolhkag

ixialrK iajdëk;ajh wju h' uyck fiajd

jákdlï fjkqfjka fiajh lsÍu j¾;udkfha§

Tjqkaf.ka wfmalaId fkd flf¾' 2006 Tlaf;dan¾

IdentifyingRequirementsforStructuralChangesinOurMediaSystem.WijayanandaJayaweera.WorldPressFreedomDaylecture,organisedbyFreeMediaMovementandtheSriLankaPressInstitute.5May2015http://srilankabrief.org/2015/05/sri-lanka-identifying-requirements-

for-structural-changes-in-our-media-system/

35

ui cd;Hka;r OQ; msßila ksÍCIKh l<

wdldrhg wod< ldrKh .ek isÿ jk fmdÿ

ixjdoh yd úúO ks, ks¾foaY mfil ;sìh§ rch

úiska fï;dla rdcH úoHq;a udOH l¾;D uKav,

iajdëk;ajh iys; ienE uyck fiajd udOH njg

m;a lsÍu i|yd mshjr f.k fkdue;'Z34

oYlhlg muK miqj mjd fuu ;;a;ajfhys

uQ,sl fjkila isÿ ù ke;'

ckudOH j, ixialrK iajdëk;ajh kS;sfhka

;yjqre lr Ndú;dfjys§ .re l< hq;= nj udOH

m%;sixialrK ms<sn| l%shdldßl yd ysgmq úoHq;a

udOHfõ§ úchdkkao chùr úiska uE;§ m%ldY

lrk ,§' ixialrK iajdëk;ajh Yla;su;a lrk

úêúOdkj,g udOH wdh;k úiska jD;a;Sh

jákdlï u; mokïj udOH j.lSu Èß.ekaùu yd

ixj¾Okh lsÍu wjYH fõ' l¾;D uKav, kS;s

Ndú;d l< hq;af;a jHdmdr yd l¾;D udKav,sl

lghq;= fjka lsÍu ;yjqre lsÍug h'Z35

Tyq ;jÿrg;a i|yka lf<a( wdKavqfõ udOH

ysñlrejkaf.a fyda neyeßka isákakkaf.a

n,mEfuka iy ueÈy;aùfuka f;drj udOH

wdh;k j, l¾;D iajdëk;ajh wdrCId lsÍu

i|yd hdka;%Khla wjYH njhs' th udOH ksoyi

iy l¾;D ksoyi wdrCId lrk udOH uKav,hla

úh yelsh' ksoiqkla jYfhka udOH jD;a;slhska

úiska m;alrkq ,nk nqoaêu;=ka" m%ùk

udOHfõ§kaf.ka iukaú; bkaÿkSishdkq iajdëk


uyck Wkkaÿj iys; f;dr;=re fiùfï§

ckudOH fndfyda úg uyck;dj u;

hefma' fndfyda úg" udOH ish uQ,dY%

Wmqgd oelaùug i;=gq h' we;eï mqoa.,fhda

ixfõ§ iajNdjfha f;dr;=re udOH fj;

/f.k t;s' ksoiqkla f,i ¥IKh" wh:d

md,kh fyda ixúOdk.; wmrdOlrejka

iïnkaO mqj;a /f.k tkq ,efí' tjeks

wjia:dj,§ f;dr;=r /f.k tk mqoa.,hdf.a

wkkH;dj i`.jd ;eîu fyda iyNd.s;ajh

ie`.ùu uQ,sl fldkafoaishla fõ' ku fy<sorõ

jqjfyd;a m<s.ekSïj,g ,la jkakg bv ;sîu

thg m%Odk fya;=jhs'

ckudOH uQ,dY% wdrlaId lr .ekSu udOH

ksoyfiys uQ,sl fldkafoaishls' tjeks

wdrlaIKhla fkdue;s úg uyck Wkkaÿjla

we;s ldrKd iïnkaOfhka ck;djg oekqï §u

i|yd udOHj,g Woõ lsÍug uQ,dY% fm<fUkafka

ke;' tfia jqjfyd;a" iudcfha uqrn,a,l= f,i

udOH lrk jeo.;a fufyjr hgm;a ù ksjerÈ

yd úYajikSh f;dr;=re ,nd §ug udOHj,g we;s

yelshdjg ndOd meñfKa'37

ckudOHlrejkaf.a f;dr;=re uQ,dY%j,

ryiHNdjh wdrlaId lr .ekSu ;yjqre lsÍu

i|yd ksYaÑ; kS;s ke;' kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï

ks,OdÍka fj;ska t,a, jk ;u uQ,dY% fy<sorõ

lsÍfï mSvkhg ckudOHlrejka yd udOH

wdh;k l,ska l,g ,la fõ'

36

mqj;am;a uKav,h fmkajdÈh yelsh' bkaÿkSishdkq

mqj;am;a uKav, kS;shg wkqj ish¨u mqj;am;a

iajdëk mqj;am;a uKav,fha ;SrK ms<s.ekSug

ne§ isáhs'36

ks ¾ f oa Y ( uyck fiajd udOHj, l¾;D udKav,sl

iajdëk;ajh kS;sfhka ;yjqre l< hq;= h'

wfkl=;a udOH úiska l¾;D udKav,sl kS;s

yd j.ùfï moaO;s jD;a;Sh jákdlï yd

uyck fiajd keUqrejlska hq;=j wkq.ukh

lsÍu Èß.ekaùu wjYHfõ' tjekss m%ldY

u`.ska l¾;D uKav, ksoyi Yla;su;a úh

hq;=h' udOH iud.ïj, l¾;D udKav,sl

lghq;= yd jHdmdr lghq;= fjka úh hq;=

h' wkjYH n,mEfuka l¾;D uKav,

iajdëk;ajh wdrlaId lsÍfï n,;,

udOH iajhx kshduk fyda iykshduk

hdka;%Khka i;= úh hq;= h'

l¾;D udKav,sl iajdëk;ajh ms<sno

cd;sl ixjdohlg Y%S ,xldfõ udOH

md¾Yajlrejka wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h'

th we;s lsÍu i|yd yels iEu mshjrla u

.; hq;= h'

1 04 mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§kag ;u

uQ,dY% wdrlaId lr .ekSfï


lr we;s w;r Ndú;fha§ o

Bg .re lsÍu

https://www.article19.org/pages/en/protection-of-sources-more.html

37http://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/sep/28/financial-times-nikkei-guarantee-of-independence


http://www.slpc.lk/images/doc/1981-10-14-English.pdf

1981§ Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a uKav,h kï rdcH

wdh;kh úiska 1973 wxl 5 orK Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a uKav, mk; hgf;a ckudOHlrejka

i|yd udOH wdpdrO¾fu ix.%yhla iïmdokh

lrk ,§' fuu wdpdrO¾u ix.%yh 1981

Tlaf;dan¾ 08od iïu; lr .kq ,enqj o mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§ka th t;rï ms<s .;af;a ke;' tys

kS;suh ne£ula o ke;' tu wdpdrO¾u ix.%yfhys

tla j.ka;shla fufia h( zf;dr;=r ,nd fokakd

úiska ish wkkH;dj fy<sorõ lsÍu i|yd

wjir § fkdue;s kï" iEu ckudOHlrefjla

u f;dr;=re uQ,dY%h ms<sn| ryiHNdjh wdrlaId

lr .ekSug ne£ isáhs'Z38 fuu`.ska uQ,dY%fha

ryiHNdjh wdrlaId lsÍu ysñlulg jvd

j.lSula njg m;a fõ'

udOH ksoyig yd udOH m%ldYkhg n,mdk

kS;s m%;sixialrKh lsÍfï lñgqjg Wmfoia §u

i|yd m;a lrk ,o wd¾' fla' ví,sõ' .=Kfialr

lñgqj úiska 1996§ iïmdokh lrk ,o

jd¾;djg wkqj uQ,dY%fha ryiHNdjh wdrlaId

lr .ekSu i|yd kS;s ke;slñka .fõIKd;aul

mqj;am;a l,djg yd uyck;djg tfrys whym;a

yd jerÈ l%shd fy<sorõ lsÍug oeä n,mEula

we;s fõ' ckudOHlrejkag ish uQ,dY%h

fy<sorõ fkd lr isàug we;s whs;sh kS;sfhka

;yjqre l< hq;= nj wd¾'fla'ví,sõ' .=Kfialr

lñgqj ks¾foaY lrk ,o uq;a th isÿ jQfha

ke;' oYl follg miqj;a tjeks kS;shla ;ju

y`ÿkajd oS fkdue;'

38 https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2007/sri-lanka#.VUyKc_DkqSo

ColomboDeclarationonMediaFreedomandSocialResponsibility(2008revisedversion)https://ict4peace.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/declaration_eng.pdf

39

hqoaOh w;r;=r§ yd hqoaOfhka miqj ld,fha§

wdrlaIdj" fmdÿ úhoï" foaYmd,k l=uka;%K

yd fjk;a ixfõ§ ud;Dld iïnkaO ,sms

iïnkaOfhka uQ,dY% fy<sorõ lsÍug rcj úiska

ckudOHlrejkag yd l¾;Djrekag ksr;=re

n,mEï lrk ,§' cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r n,mEï

lKavdhï fï ms<sn| ksr;=re úfrdaOh m< lrk

,§' ksoiqkla f,i" ckudOHlrejka lSmfofkl=

m%Yak lsÍu i|yd le|jk ,o wdldrh yd uQ,dY%

fy<sorõ lsÍug n,mEï lrk ,o wdldrh o

lsysm fofkl= r|jd ;nd .kakd ,o wdldrh o

udOH ksoyi ms<sn| 2007 jd¾;dfjys úia;r lr

;sfí'39

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msgmf;ys& 11 fldgfia fufia oelafõ' zudOH

uQ,dY% wdrlaId lr .ekSfï kS;s y÷kajd Èh hq;=

w;r tajd wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍfï kS;sj,

fldgila úh hq;= h' udOH uQ,dY% fy<sorõ lsÍu

iïnkaO fldkafoais tys meyeÈ,sj ks¾Kh lr

;sîu wjYH fõ'Z40

40


ks ¾ f oa Y ( jD;a;Sh uÜgfuka fyda ia:djrj fyda

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fnod fok ckudOHlrejkag yd fjk;a

udOH jD;a;slhkag ish f;dr;=re

uQ,dY%j, ryiHNdjh wdrlaId lr

.ekSfï ysñlug kS;sh úiska Yla;su;a

wdrlaIdjla iemhsh hq;= h'

,xldfõ m%;sm;a;s" kS;s yd kshduk

ieliSfï l%shdj,shg fmdÿ ck;djg yd

isú,a ixúOdkj,g iïnkaO ùu i|yd

1 05 udOH i|yd fmdÿ

m%;sm;a;s yev.eiaùu

flfrys uyck yd isú,a

iudc ixúOdk iyNd.s;ajh

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m%;sm;a;s" kS;s yd Ndú;dj,g tfrysj lreKq

oelaùug udOH" jD;a;sl ixio yd fjk;a

fõÈldjka Ndú;d lrkq ,efí' Tjqyq we;eï úg

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,nd .ks;s'

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fuu`.ska ,nd§ ;sfí'

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f,i 2013 jif¾ § udOH wud;HdxYh úiska

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ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI tu wdpdr O¾u

ix.%yh iïnkaO lghq;= kj;ajk f,i wod<

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Y%S


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^we;af;ka u jD;a;Sh Ndú;d ix.%yhla& oekg;a

Ndú;dfõ ;sfnk nj o Tyq i|yka lf<a h'41

ks ¾ f oa Y ( m%ldYkfha fyda udOH ksoyig

n,mdk kS;s fyda m%;sm;a;s fyda

iïu; lr .ekSfï§ rch úiska wo<

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l%shdj,shla wkq.ukh l< hq;= h'

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m%;sixialrK wjYHh' tu`.ska wjYH

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kS;s wdjrKh lsÍu" udOH wdpdr O¾u yd

udOHfhys mq¿,a jD;a;slNdjhla wdrlaId

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úiska f;areï .; hq;=j we;s w;r tu fya;=

wduka;%Kh l< hq;= h'

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isxy, NdId udOHj, ;sfnk f;dr;=re

i|yd ysñlñka yd NdIKfha ksoyiska

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ysxid lr;s' ksoiqkla f,i fou< udOHj,

isák wmg;a" fï rfÜ ck;djg;a W;=f¾

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fjkqfjka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu yd

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jk w;r th udOHlrejkag muKla fkdj

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l¾;D" Èkm;d ùrflaiÍ

http://www.sundaytimes.lk/130623/news/move-to-impose-standards-on-media-thwarted-49939.html

41


úoHq;a úldY udOH i|yd kshduk moaO;s

wd1 06 kshduk wdh;kj,

iajdëk;ajh

kS;sfhka ;yjqre lr we;s

w;r Ndú;fha§ o Bg

.re lsÍu

,xldfõ úoHq;a udOH kshduk moaO;sh

fyd¢ka w¾:l:kh lr fkdue;s fiau th

iajdëk o fkdfõ'

.=jkaúÿ,s iy rEmjdyskS úldY wdrïN lsÍug

wjir b,a,k whÿïm;a i,ld ne,Sfï yd

n,m;a ksl=;a lsÍfï whs;sh ;sfnkafka ckudOH

wud;HdxYhghs' fï fjkqfjka ksYaÑ; kS;shla

fkdue;s neúka" n,m;a ksl=;a lrkq ,nkafka

1966 wxl 37 Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:d mkf;a

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wjir ,nd §fï n,h we;af;a weu;sjrhdg h'

tjeks n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu i|yd whÿïm;a

le|jñka .eiÜ ksfõokhla mqj;am;aj, m<

lsÍug Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:djg tu`.ska

kshu lrkq ,efí' lsisÿ mqoa.,hl=g whÿïm;

úuid ne,Sfuka f;drj n,m;% ksl=;a lrkq

fkd ,efí hhs o tys i|yka fõ' fuu l%shdj,sh

md,kh lsÍu i|yd kS;s iïmdokh lrkq we;s

nj mkf;a i|yka jqj o tu kS;s l%shd;aulj

mej;s miq.sh wv ishjila mqrd u tjeks

kshdukhla iïmdokh ù fkdue;'

Ndú;dfjys§ úldY n,m;a ksl=;a lsÍfï n,h

,eî ;sfnkafka Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:djg

fkdj ckudOH wud;HdxYhghs' 1992 isg úldY

n,m;a ksl=;a lrk ,o wdh;k 41l f,aLkhla

Y%S


RegisteredInstitutionsforRadioandTVLicense,aslistedonMinistryofMediawebsite,accessedon31January2016:http://www.media.gov.lk/images/pdf_word/licensed-institutions-tv-radio.pdf

PoliticalEconomyoftheElectronicMediainSriLanka.TilakJayaratne&SarathKellapotha.EmbattledMedia:Democracy,GovernanceandReforminSriLanka(SagePublications,2015),p129

http://www.bbc.co.uk/sinhala/news/story/2007/10/071029_fmm.shtml

http://en.rsf.org/sri-lanka-court-upholds-withdrawal-of-abc-s-02-11-2007,24177

42 4443

wud;HdxYfha fjí wvúfhys oelafõ'42 .=jka úÿ,s"

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fõ' whÿïm;a i,ld ne,Sug yd ;SrK .ekSug

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iajleue;a; u; jk w;r tu n,m;a ´kEu

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wNshdpkd lsÍfï whs;shla o fkdue;'

fuu ixo¾Nh ;=< úldY n,m;a ,nd§fï n,h

n,fha isák wdKavqfõ md,kh hg;g m;a fõ'

fcHaIaG úµq;a udOHfõ§ka fofofkl= úiska

fufia mjik ,§( zzn,m;a §fï l%shdj,sh r|d

mj;skafka ;kslr u weu;sjrhdf.a leue;a;

u; h' miqj fuu n,m;a jd¾Islj w¨;a lsÍfï

l%shdj,shla o y÷kajd fok ,§' ta u`.ska úµq;a

udOH wdh;k jeä jYfhka weu;sjrhdf.a

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wjia:djl§ úldY keje;aùfï ysñlu rchg

;sfí' tneúka" fm!oa.,sl udOH wdh;k

ksrka;rfhka u rch i;=áka ;eîfï mSvkhlg

,la fõ'ZZ43

n,m;%hla ksl=;a l< miq tu n,m;%h fldkafoais

wkqj mj;ajdf.k hkafka o hk lreK

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l,d;=rlska wud;HdxYh úiska n,m;a wj,x.=

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lsheúKs' tu kd,sldj úiska flá ld,hla ;=<§

tu m%jD;a;sh ksjerÈ lr iudj whÈk ,§' tfy;a

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ksoyi oeä f,i wjNdú;d lsÍula f,ihs'44

wod, fm!oa.,sl úµq;a udOH iud.u úiska

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nj fmfka'

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wjOdrKh fõ' ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh jeks

udOH wdh;k w;S;fha§ iajdëk udOH

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iNdfõ ks¾foaY u; h' fjk;a ldrKd w;r"

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wod< lafIa;%fha Ydia;%{hka" ysñlrejka yd

kj udOHlrejka o we;=<;a úh hq;= h'46

my; wxl 2'8 hgf;a tk idlÉPdj n,kak'

45


SecuringtheFreedomofExpressionintheNewSriLanka:EssentialInstitutionalReforms,byAsangaWelikala.Groundviews.org17January2015.http://groundviews.org/2015/01/17/securing-the-freedom-of-expression-in-the-new-sri-lanka-essential-institutional-reforms/

46

rg iajdëk kshukhla fkdue;s

;;a;ajh ;=< fuh wod< fkdfõ'

furg ckudOH wud;HdxYh úiska

nyqúO N+ñld bgq lrkq ,efí' ta w;r" m%;sm;a;s

iïmdok" úldY kshdukh fuka u iïmQ¾Kfhka

u rchg wh;a Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj

yd Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dj jeks wdh;k

mj;ajdf.k hdu o fõ'

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;ld yer ;sfí'

1 07 kshduk wdh;k udOH

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lr .; hq;= h' tys§ fjk;a foa w;r

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cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska wkqj kshdukh lsÍu

i|yd md¾,sfïka;=j yryd ck;djg j.

lshk iajdëk mdroDIH jHQyhla m;a lsÍu

o fõ' fuu jHQyh j.lSula iys; yd

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hq;= m%;sm;a;s rduqj kS;sfhka iïmdokh

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wrdðlnj uÕyeÍu i|yd úµq;a udOH fCIa;%h

;dCIKsl jYfhka kshdukh lsÍu wjYH fõ'

fu


wmydi kS;sh iy udOHfõ§kag wod< jk fjk;a kS;suh ndOl

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h' udOH ysñldß;ajh" ksoiqklg .;af;d;a

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uyck;djg whs;s úh hq;= tlls' tneúka

f,alayjqia wdh;kh úl=Kd oeñh hq;= hhs uu

fhdackd lrñ'

wfm.a udOH úiska foaYmd,lhkag i,lkafka

foúhkag fuks' tu ksid udOH uyckhdg

jeo.;a f;dr;=rej,g jeo.;a ;ekla fokafka

ke;' tjeks udOH wka;¾.; ksYamdok

l%shdj,shlska ìysjkafka kdgHhla muKs'

j¾;udkfha§ úoHq;a úldY udOH ke;skï

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foaYmd,khla fkdue;sj úoHq;a úldY udOH

j,g o mej;sh fkd yels h' fï folg

t;rïu tlg nefokakg wms bv § we;af;uq'

yeu flfkla u jev lrkafka flá ld,Sk

jdis fjkqfjks' yeu flfkla u W;aidy

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fuu ixialD;sh fjkia l< hq;= h'

Y%S ,xldfõ fndfyda udOH wdh;kj,g ,dN

,eîfï Wjukdjj;a jeo.;aoehs ug iy;sl

ke;' Tjqka l¾udka;fha bkafka fjk;a

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foa lsÍu Tjqkag jeo.;a ke;' Tjqka lrkafka

hï wka;¾.;hla ilia lsÍu muKs' we;eï

úg wdlD;s yd woyia wkqlrKh lsÍuj;a

yßhg lrkafka ke;'

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flala f.äh fkdue;sj whsiska .ek l;d

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ckrd,a" iudrïNl iNdm;s ,s¾ka taIshd

m¾fhaIK wdh;k


wmydi kS;sh mj;skafka jHdc

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yd widOdrK wkaoñka mq¿,a f,i m%ldYkfha

ksoyig ndOdldÍ fõ'47

wdál,a 19 mjik mßÈ wmydi kS;sj, w¾:l:k

wkjYH ;rï mq¿,a h' tu`.ska m%udKj;a wkaoñka

kS;suh wdrlaIdj iemfhkafka ke;' th

ckudOHlrejkaf.a wdrlaIdj fjkqfjka fmkS

isàfï ld¾hh l< fkd yels ;rï h' tuÕska

isr ovqjï yd úYd, ov jeks oeä oKavkhkag

hg;a lrkq ,efí' ukd wmydi kS;shlska b,lal

lrkqfha mqoa., lS¾;sh wdrlaId lr .ekSu yd

m%ldYkfha ksoyi w;r hym;a iu;=,khla

mj;ajdf.k hduhs'

f,dal m%jK;dj jkafka wmydih isú,a lreKla

f,i ie,lSuhs' wmydih wmrdO l%shdjla f,i

ie,lSfuka m%ldYkfha ksoyi oeä wd;;shlg

,la fõ' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh iy

wdrlaIdj yd iyfhda.s;dj ms<sn| hqfrdamd

ixúOdkh (OSCE) úiska uÕfmkajkq ,nkafka

wmydih wmrdO kS;sh hgf;a fkd ie,lSug h'48

2002 jif¾ oS wdishdfõ m<uq jrg Y%S ,xldj úiska

wmydih wmrdOhla f,i ie,lSu j<lajk ,oS'49

ish¨ ckudOHlrejka ish jD;a;Sh lghq;=j,

fh§ug fmr ,shdmÈxÑ ùu wksjd¾h lsÍu i|yd

kS;shla fkdue;' tfy;a" 1902 isg Ndú; uqøKd,

wd{d mk; hgf;a l¾;Djre ,shdmosxÑ úh hq;= h'

fujeks fldkafoaishla l¾;Djrekag mekúh fkd

yelsh' cd;Hka;r m%ñ;sj,g fuh mgyeKs h'

kS;suh wjYH;djla fkdue;s jqj o" ckudOH

wkkH;d yeÿkqïm;a ksl=;a lsÍu ms<sn|

mßmd,kuh wjYH;d ;sfí' tu wkkH;d

yeÿkqïm;a ksl=;a lsÍu lrkq ,nkafka ckudOH

wud;HdxYh hgf;a we;s m%jD;a;s fomd¾;fïka;=j

úisks' tu ye÷kqïm; w; we;s mqoa.,hdg ks,

rdcH W;aij yd mqj;am;a idlÉPdÈh wdjrKh

lsÍug wjir ,efí' pdßld i|yd meñfKk

úfoaY jd¾;dlrefjda o furg úfoaY lghq;=

wud;HdxYfha wkque;sh we;sj ;djld,sl udOH

ye÷kqïm;la i|yd whÿï l< hq;= h'50

udOH ye÷kqïm;a ksl=;a lsÍu i|yd mámdáhla

;sfí' tfy;a th ;SrKh lsÍfï n,h we;af;a

fomd¾;fïka;=jghs' w;S;fha we;eï wjia:dj,§

m%jD;a;s fomd¾;fïka;=j fuu fodrgq mdiam;

rch úfõpkh lrk udOH wdh;k fj; ksl=;a

lsÍu w;aysgqjd ;sfí'

mj;sk iïm%odhg wkqj" mqj;am;a yd i`.rd

;eme,a fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ,shdmÈxÑ úh

hq;= h' ta Tjqka ;eme,a .dia;= iyk hgf;a

mqj;am;a yd i`.rd ;emEf,ka fnodyßkakg

Article19(2006).DefamationABC:ASimpleIntroductiontoKeyConceptsofDefamationLaw.Article19.London.https://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/tools/defamation-abc.pdf

https://www.article19.org/pages/en/defamation-more.html

http://www.sundaytimes.lk/151004/news/lankas-efforts-to-be-rid-of-criminal-defamation-lauded-by-indian-editor-166701.html

47 48

49

http://www.dgi.gov.lk/divisions/media-accreditation-unit

50

1 08 rdcHh úiska udOH

fj; wkjYH kS;suh

iïndOl fkdmKjhs


1 09 wmydi kS;s

úiska lrkq ,nkafka

mqoa.,hkaf.a .re;ajh

wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd wjYH

mgqu l%shdud¾. .ekSu muKs

oYl .Kkdjla ;siafia n,hg m;a jk iEu

wdKavqjla úiskau rdcH kdhlhd fyda rcfha

weu;sjreka fyda úfõpkh l< udOH j,g

tfrysj idmrdë wmydi kS;s hgf;a kvq mejÍug

lghq;= lr ;sfí' ta fjkqfjka rdcH iïm;a

^kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j& Ndú;d lr we;'

1980" 1990 oYlj, tjeks kvq mejÍï ud,djla

u isÿ úh' ta iu.u udOH ysñlï ixúOdk

úiska idmrdë wmydi kS;s wfydais lsÍu i|yd

Woaf>daIK wdrïN lrk ,§'

úfYaIfhka u" oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 479 fldgi

yd ta yd mqj;am;a uKav, mkf;a ta yd iïnkaO

jk úêúOdk wfydais lrk f,i Tjqyq b,a,d

isáh y' tu`.ska wmydih isr ovqjï ,nd Èh

yels idmrdë jrola njg m;a lr ;sfí' tu

b,a,Su udOH ksoyi yd iudc j.lSu ms<sn| m<uq

fld<U m%ldYkfha m%Odk fldgila úh' th

1998 wfma%,a ui fndfyda udOH wdh;k j, yd

cd;Hka;r n,mEï lKavdhïj, iyNd.s;ajfhka

mj;ajk ,o cd;Hka;r iïuka;%Khl§ iïu;

lr .kakd ,§'

fuu kS;sh 2002 jif¾ cqks udifha§ bj;a

lrk ,§' iajhx md,kh wdh;k.; lsÍfï

wjYH;dj w.h lrñka udOH l¾udka;h yd

mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a ixúOdk tlaj iafõÉPd

hdka;%Khla f,i 2003 Tlaf;danrfha§ Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu msysgqjk ,§' ^3'7

hgf;a idlÉPd flf¾'&

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka kï h' Bg wu;rj cd;sl

f,aLkdrlaIl fomd¾;fïka;=fõ o ,shdmÈxÑ

úh hq;= h' tys wOHlaIjrhd fmd;a yd mqj;am;a

f,aLldêldßjrhd o fõ'51

1970 isg uqøs; mqj;am;a rcfha mqj;am;a uKav,fha

o jd¾Islj ,shdmÈxÑ úh hq;= h' m%ldYlhd yd

l¾;Djrhd ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a l< hq;=

h' tys fjí wvúfha oelafjk wdldrhg fuu

,shdmÈxÑh mqj;am;la m< lsÍug fmr l< hq;=

ke;' ,shdmÈxÑh i|yd ie,lsh hq;= f;dr;=re

,nd §ula o" mqj;amf;a m<uq l,dm ;=fka msgm;a

o wjYH h'52

cd;Hka;r kS;sh wkqj" mqj;am;a ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï

l%u ielhg Ndckh lr ;sfí' tajd hqla;shqla;

krkqfha m%;slafIam l< fkd yels ,shdmÈxÑ

lsÍïj,§ yd mj;akd mqj;am;lg ndOd meKùula

fkd jkafka kï muKs' f,aLk.; lr ksÍlaIKh

lsÍu yer mqj;am;a uKav,fha ,shdmÈxÑfhys we;s

wruqK l=ula o hkak meyeÈ,s ke;'

http://www.archives.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=227&Itemid=158&lang=en

http://www.slpc.lk/news-paper-registrations.html

51

52


udOHhl m< jk wka;¾.;hlska ;ukag krl

iy whym;a n,mEula fõ hhs lsishï mqoa.,fhla

fyda wdh;khla is;kafka kï" ta fjkqfjka isú,a

wmydi kS;sh Tiafia kS;suh iyk ,nd .; yels

h' tjeks m%ldYkhla oafõI iy.; hhs Tmamq

l< yels kï" isú,a wmydih ;yjqre l< yels

h' tfy;a" fuu wxYfhys hqla;sh mis`o,Sfuys

we;s mudj ksid fuu kS;s lafIa;%h Ndú;dfjysoS

iïmQ¾Kfhka u jdf.a wre;a iqka ù ;sfí'

isú,a wmydih md,kh jkafka fmdÿ kS;sh

hgf;ahs' th bx.%Sis kS;sfha fldgils' th

Wlydf.k ;sfnkafka iïu; kS;sj,g jvd

pdß;% yd mQ¾j wêlrK ;Skaÿj,sks' ta ksid

kS;s fmd;aj, ta ;rï isú,a wmydi kS;s

olakg fkd,efí'

ckudOHlrejkag tfrysj idmrdë wmydi

kvq mjrk w;r u" isú,a kvqj,§ we;eï úg

úYd, jkaÈ uqo,a o b,a,d isákq ,efí' úfõpk

lrk udOHj,g tfrysj rcfha ks,OdÍka"

foaYmd,k{hka yd jHdmdßlhka úiska tjeks

kvq mejÍu È.g u isÿ fõ'53

https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2014/sri-lanka

53

ks ¾ f oa Y ( cd;Hka;r yd jHjia:duh m%ñ;Skag wkql+,

jk fia isú,a wmydih kS;shla f.k

wd hq;=hs' fjk;a ldrKdj,g wu;rj"

wmydi kvq ;ukaf.a kñka u bÈßm;a

lsÍug fmdÿ n,OdÍkag n,;, ke;s nj

fuu kS;sh úiska ;yjqre l< hq;=hs' fmdÿ

m%;srEm we;s wh idudkH mqrjeishkag jvd

jeä m%udKhla úfõpk bjid .; hq;=hs'

wmydi j. W;a;rlrejkag m%udKj;a

wdrlaIdjla ;sìh hq;=hs' tfiau" mkjkq

,nk oKavkhka isÿ ù we;s ydksfha

;rug m%udKj;a úh hq;=hs'


InMediaLawReformExamined,byKishaliPinto-JayawardenaandGehanGunatilleke,inEmbattled Media Democracy, Governance and Reform in Sri Lanka(SagePublications,2015),pp199-203

http://www.sundaytimes.lk/060226/news/12.html

5554

1 10 m%ldYkfha ksoyig ndOdldÍ jk

cd;sl wdrlaIdj" ffjÍ m%ldY"

fm!oa.,sl;ajh" wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍu

yd wiNH;ajh u; mokï jk fjk;a kS;s

meyeÈ,sj yd mgq f,i ks¾jpkh lr ;sìh

hq;= h' tajd cd;Hka;r kS;s wkqj m%cd;dka;%sl

iudchla Wfoid idOdrK tajd úh hq;=h'

wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍu

OHfõ§ka jßka jr wêlrKhg wmydi

lsÍfï fpdaokdjg ,la fj;s' ta yd

iïnkaO kS;sfhys yd w¾:l:kh lsÍfuys

ie,lsh hq;= WNhd¾:hla ;sfí' zwêlrKfha

iajdëk;ajhg wod< jk jeo.;a lreKq jd¾;d

lsÍug ndOdldÍ f,i yd udOHj,g tfrysj

lghq;= lsÍfï wêlrK m%jK;djZ ms<sn| kS;s

m¾fhaIl lsId,s mskafgda chj¾Ok yd f.ydka

.=K;s,l fmkajd§ ;sfí'54 fuh wjOdkh

fhduq úh hq;= lreKls'

2008§ ixialrKh lrk ,o" fld<U

m%ldYkfha isõjk fldgfiys fufia b,a,d

isákq ,efí' zwêlrKhg wmydi lsÍfï

mk;la ;sìh hq;= h' tu`.ska wod< kS;sh

m%udKj;a f,i meyeÈ,s l< hq;= h' tu`.ska

úksYaphg Ndckh jk wêlrKhg wmydi

lsÍfï kS;sj, mrdih ksYaÑ;j w¾:l:kh

l< hq;= h' tlai;a rdcOdksfha 1981 orK

wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍfï mk; yd 1971

bkaÈhdfõ wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍfï mk;

wkqj th ielish hq;= h' kvq ;Skaÿ" wêlrK

fufyhqï yd l%shdj,s ms<sn| idOdrK yd

fya;= iys; úfõpkhg kS;sh úiska bv ,nd

Èh hq;= h' tys§ tu kS;suh l%shdj,s úNd.hg

,la fjñka ;sìh§ tu m%ldY ms<sn`o wêlrK

mßmd,kfha§ m%udKj;a mQ¾j úksYaphla fkd

úh hq;= h' fjk;a lreKq;a iu." uQ,dY%fha

ryiHNdjh wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd wod< jk

idudkH kS;sh yd iïnkaO fkd ;ld yeÍï

o mgq f,i w¾:l:kh l< hq;= h' wmydi

fpdaokd ks¾Kh lsÍfï§ idOdrK l%shdj,s

ks¾foaY l< hq;= h' wmydih ms<sn| lreKq

Tmamq jkafka kï mekúh yels Wmßu ovqjï

kshu l< hq;= h'Z

wêlrKhg wmydi lsÍu iïnkaOfhka Y%S

,xldfõ f,aLk.; ks;shla fkdue;' ks;s{

ix.ufha úfYaI lñgqjla u`.ska flgqïm;a

lrk ,o wmydi kS;shla 2006§ rchg Ndr§

;sfí' tys úêúOdk w;r we;s úfYaI lreKla

jkafka úNd. lr fyda ;Skaÿ § fyda we;s

kvqjl m%;sM, ms<sn| idOdrK woyila m<

lsÍu iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hl= jerÈlrejl=

fkd l< hq;= njhs' fmdÿ jeo.;alula we;s

lreKla iïnkaOfhka wjxl yd idOdrK

úfõpkhl fh§u fyda wêlrK ;Skaÿjl

kS;suh m%;sM, ms<sn| fyda woyia m< lsÍu

iïnkaOfhka o mqoa.,hl= jerÈlrejl= fkd

l< hq;= h'

l¾;D ixioh yd cd;sl udkj ysñlï fldñIu

jeks wdh;k úiska o 2003§ flgqïm;a kS;s

,laIauka lÈr.du¾ weu;sjrhd iNdm;s;ajh oerE

wmydih i|yd md¾,sfïka;= f;aÍï ldrl iNdj

fj; bÈßm;a lrk ,§' flfia fj;;a" fuu

f;aÍï ldrl iNdj ish lghq;= iïmQ¾K lsÍug

fmr md¾,sfïka;=j úiqrejk ,§'55

ud


http://www.parliament.lk/files/pdf/powers_privileges.pdf

56

md¾,sfïka;= jrm%ido

md¾,sfïka;= jrm%ido kS;s hkq wjOdkhg

,la ù ;sfnk ;j;a lreKls' 1953 wxl

21 orK yd ixfYdaê; md¾,sfïka;= n,;, yd

jrm%ido mk; u`.ska tu jrm%ido oeä f,i

W,a,x>kh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lsÍfï

n,h md¾,sfïka;=jg mjrd ;sfí'56 w;S;fha§

md¾,sfïka;=j úiska fuu w¾:fhka wêlrK

n,h we;eï l¾;Djrekag ovqjï lsÍu i|yd

fhdodf.k ;sfí' 1997 ixfYdaOkfhka tjeks

n,;, md¾,sfïka;=fjka bj;a lr ;sfí'

tfy;a md¾,sfïka;= lghq;= jd¾;d lrk

udOHfõ§ka wiykhg m;a lrk fjk;a kS;s

;ju;a l%shd;aul h'

md¾,sfïka;= jrm%ido ms<sn|j wd¾'fla'ví,sõ'

.=Kfialr lñgqfõ ks.ukh jkafka md¾,sfïka;=

jrm%ido" m%ldYkfha ksoyi yd udOH ksoyi iSud

lsÍfï mokula njg m;a lr .ekSu Y%S ,xldj

ne£ isák cd;Hka;r kS;sj,g iyuq,ska u fkd

.e,fmk njhs'

2008 fld<U m%ldYkfha 1'3 fldgfia oelafjk

mßÈ md¾,sfïka;= jrm%idoj,g wkqj iSud mkjd

;sfnk wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ úêúOdk bj;a

l< hq;= h' ztu`.ska md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrekag

wkjYH jrm%idohla ,efí' th l;d lsÍfï"

m%ldYkfha yd f;dr;=re ksoyi yd iïnkaO

kùk m%ñ;Skag wkql+, jkafka ke;'Z

md¾,sfïka;= n,;, yd jrm%ido mk; 1953§ th

;snqKq uÜgug wdmiq f.k wd hq;= nj o" miqj

thg tl;= lrk ,o ixfYdaOk úfYaIfhka u

bj;a l< hq;= nj o fld<U m%ldYkh mjihs'

fï w;r" ta yd uq¿ukska u wkq.;j"

md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrekaf.a l;d lsÍfï ksoyi

ms<sn| jrm%ido mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= nj o

i;Hhls' tfy;a th ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= h'

wmydi l%shdud¾.j,§ wdrlaIdjla ;sìh hq;= h'

isú,a kvqlr fyda wdKavq $ n,j;a mqoa.,hka

úiska kvq ud¾.fhka ysßyer lsÍu je<elaùu

msKsi kùk m%cd;dka;%sl rdcHj, uka;%Sjrekag

fuu jrm%idoh ,nd fohs' uyckhdg jeo.;a

ldrKd jHjia:dodhlh fj; f.k taug

tu`.ska Tjqkag n,h ,efí' udOH o we;=¿

fjk;a wh tjeks idlÉPdjl§ fjk;a whf.a

lS¾;shg ydks isÿ l<fyd;a isú,a wmydi kS;sh

hgf;a j.lsj hq;= fõ'

iajNdjfhka u" fuu jeo.;a jrm%idoh iSud

lr mj;ajdf.k hdu wjYH h' tfy;a th

iïmQ¾K wdjrKhla fkd úh hq;= h' wkq.ukh

l< yels fmdÿrdcH uKav,Sh WodyrK /ila

;sfí' jHjia:dodhl iajdëk;ajh yd ksoyi

mqoa.,hkaf.a lS¾;sh;a iu. ;=,kh lsÍfuys ,d

tajd wkq.ukh l< yels h'

m%ldYkfha ksoyi yd iïnkaO Y%S ,xldfõ kS;s

moaO;sh fjk;a kS;sj,ska o w¾:l:kh fõ'

md


SurveillanceandSurvival.BySumathySivamohan.Frontline,14February2014.http://www.frontline.in/arts-and-culture/cinema/surveillance-and-survival/article5652190.ece

57

ksoiqka(

• oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 120jk j.ka;sh rdcHhg

tfrys jerÈj,g wod< h' ta wkqj" ckdêm;sg"

wdKavqjg" hqla;sh mis|,Sfï l%shdj,sfha

mßmd,khg fyda zY%S ,xldfõ úúO mx;sj,

ck;djgZ jHdmdoh we;s jk mßÈ fyda

jHdmdohla we;s lsÍug W;aidy lrñka fyda

Ndú;d lrkq ,nk jpkj,g jir foll isr

ovqjula ,nd Èh yels h'

fuh rdcfødayS kS;sfha fldgils' th

cd;Hka;r kS;sh wkqj hqla;s hqla; ke;s nj

l,l isg ie,fla'

• 1912 wxl 07 orK uyck /`.=ï mk; u`.ska

uyck /`.=ï kshdukh jk w;r kdgH"

Ñ;%mg yd ùäfhda o¾Yk i|yd rch úiska

m;a lr we;s uyck /`.=ï md,l uKav,fha

mQ¾j wjirh wksjd¾h lrhs' hqo iufha§

yd mYapd;a hqo iufha§ o iudcuh jYfhka

ixfõ§ yd úfõpkd;aul Ñ;%mg ks¾udKh l<

iskudlrejkaf.a ks¾udK jdrKh lsÍug yd

;ykï lsÍug fuu kS;sh Ndú;d lrk ,§'

m¾fhaIl isjfudayka iqu;s úiska 2014§ jd¾;d

lrk ,o mßÈ" cd;sh .ek wÆ;ska is;Sug

bjy,a jk mßÈ ks¾udklrKfha fhÿKq

m%ikak ú;dkf.a" úuqla;s chiqkaor" ixÔj

mqIaml=udr" wfYdal y|.u jeks jD;a;dka;

m%nkaO iskudlrejkag uyck /`.=ï md,k mk;

hgf;a" fndfyda úg rcfha jdrKhkag yd w;s

olaIsKdxYsl úfõpkhkag uqyqK §ug isÿ úh'57

by; olajk ,o wdldrfha kS;suh yd kshduk

ndOdj,ska fndfyda úg woyia jkafka ¥IK" {d;s

ix.%y" ñ;% ix.%y jeks újdoiïmkak ldrKd

uyck wjldYh fj; <`.d fkd úh hq;= njhs'


udOHj,g n,mdk fjk;a kS;s w;r

¾K fyda w¾O jYfhka udOH

fufyhqïj,g n,mdk ;j;a kS;s lSmhla

;sfí' tu we;eï tajd n%s;dkH md,k ld,fha

y÷kajd ÿka tajd h'

tajd kï"

• 1839 mqj;am;a wd{d mk;

• 1885 wxl 1 orK uqo%Klrejkaf.a yd

m%ldYlhkaf.a wd{dmk;

• 1902 wxl 16 orK uqo%Kd, wd{d mk;

• 1927 wxl 4 orK wiNH m%ldYk mk;

• 1958 wxl 41 orK wd.ï úfrdaë m%ldYk

mk;

• 1973 wxl 48 orK cd;sl f,aLkd.dr

mk;

• 1979 nqoaêuh foam, ix.%y mk;

fïjdg wu;rj oKav kS;s ix.%yfha rdcHhg

tfrys jerÈ ^118 yd 120 fldgia& yd fmdÿ

úkS;Ndjhg fyda iodpdrhg fyda wd.ñl

ixys¢hdjg ydkslr jerÈ ^285-287 fldgia yd

291 w yd wd& o udOHhg wod< fõ'

uQ,dY%h( fI,agka ta' .=Kr;ak yd pdkql

j;af;a.u úiska ilik ,o Handbook of the Media in Asia (Sage Publications, 2000) Y%S

,xld mßÉfþoh msgq 182-216

ks ¾ f oa Y ( fla;.; lrk ,o yd ,sys,a lrk ,o

wêlrK wmydi kS;shla l%shd;aul l< hq;=

h' ;Skaÿ" wêlrK l%shdj,s yd fufyhqï

idOdrK wkaoñka úfõpkh lsÍug

tu`.ska bv Èh hq;= h' tjeks l%shdj,s

È.= l,la .ksñka ;sìh§ o" tu kvqfõ

idOdrK;ajhg n,mEula fkd jkafka kï

tjeks úfõpkj,g bv Èh hq;= h' úfYaI

kvqj,§ o" hqla;sh mis|,Sfuys§ o th tfia

úh hq;= h'

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FreedomofthePress2014ReportonSriLanka.FreedomHouse.https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2014/sri-lanka#.VUhQvfDkqSo

58

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60 61

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TamilnetblockedinSriLanka,BBCSinhala.comhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/sinhala/news/story/2007/06/070620_tamilnet.shtml

59


FreedomofExpressionontheInternetinSriLanka,CentreforPolicyAlternatives,Colombo.November2011.http://cpalanka.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/FOE-REPORT-NOV-2011-FINAL-CPA.pdf

62

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http://www.therepublicsquare.com/politics/2013/10/president-says-facebook-is-a-disease-in-sri-lanka/

65

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https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/resources/Sri%20Lanka.pdf

63

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Over200,000inJaffnadeprivedofphoneservicenowfortwomonths.LIRNEasia,30October2006.http://lirneasia.net/2006/10/over-200000-in-jaffna-deprived-of-phone-service-now-for-two-months/

http://old.himalmag.com/component/content/article/4319-technologies-and-freedom.html

66

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zzl,ska mej;s wdKavqj we;eï fjí wvú

jdrKh lrkakg W;aidy lf<a h' tu`.ska

wkjYH m%Yakhla we;s úh' mqj;a fjí wvú

udOH wud;HdxYfha ,shdmÈxÑ lrkakg

kS;s ouk ,§' th uq.aO l%shdjls' yqfola

,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfuka muKla wka;¾.;hkag

n,mEï l< yels jQfha ke;' tfiau"

foaYmd,k fjí wvú jdrKh l< úg

ck;dj f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i|yd fjk;a

l%u fidhd .;a y'

uu fjí wvú jdrKhg uq¿ukska u úreoaO

fjñ' jeo.;a fjí wvú jdrKh lsÍfuka

f;dr;=re .,d hdu je<elaúh yels hhs

lsishï wdKavqjla is;kafka kï th jerÈ

h' ;dlaIKslj fuka u m%dfhda.slj o" th

jerÈ Wmfoia u; mokï jQ l%shdjls' l,ska

wdKavqj l< f,dl= u jro thhs'ZZ

wdpd¾h y¾I úchj¾Ok"

fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha mß.Kl mdif,a

wxY m%Odks $ WmfoaYl

zzfjí wvú wka;¾.;hka rch u`.ska kshdukh

fyda md,kh lrkjdg wms úreoaO h'

wms n,mEï lrkafka j.lSï iy.;

wka;¾c.;hka ks¾udKhg yd fnod

.ekSughs' jD;a;Sh fjí udOHlrejkaf.a

ix.uh úiska jD;a;Sh fjí udOHlrejka

fjkqfjka wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla ks¾udKh

lrñka ;sfí' wm idudðlhka f,i n|jd

.kafka uu wdpdrO¾u ix.%yh ms<sf.k

ta wkqj lghq;= lrk wh muKs' ckudOH

wud;HdxYh úiska mqj;a fjí wvú ,shdmÈxÑ

lrkjdg wm úreoaO ke;' tfy;a" fï jk

úg ta i|yd .dia;=j jirlg re' 35"000 jk

wêl .dia;=jls' th wvq lrkq we;ehs wms

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq'

l,ska wdKavqj úiska foaYmd,k fjí wvú yd

wka;¾cd,h jdrKh lrkakg W;aidy lrk

,§' tfy;a thg kS;suh mokula fkd ;sìKs'

fjí wvú wgla tfia jdrKh lsÍug tfrysj

wms igka lf<uq' úu¾Ykj,§ wm fidhd .;a

lreKla jQfha fuu fjí wvúj, ,smskhka

jdrKh lr ;snqfKa we;eï ks,OdÍkaf.a

ÿrl:k weu;=ï ksid njhs' oeka ^2015 wfma%,a&

tjeks jdrKhla fkdue;' tfy;a wkd.;fha§

l=ula fõoehs lsj yelafla ldg o@ZZ

f*%ã .uf.a"

iNdm;s" jD;a;Sh fjí ckudOHfõ§kaf.a ix.uh


m%j¾.h 1

m%ldYkfha ksoyi" nyqúONdjh iy udOH úúO;ajh i|yd ys;lr jk kshduk moaO;shla

ks ¾ f oa Y

1' m%ldYkfha ksoyi i|yd jk uQ,sl ysñlu wdrlaId jk mßÈ

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= h' mqrjeishkaf.a

muKla fkd j" ishÆ mqoa.,hkaf.a f;dr;=re rdcH kS;sfha

md,khg hg;a úh hq;= h'

2' yÈis kS;s fr.=,dis ^uyck wdrlaIl mk; hgf;a& Ndú;dj

cd;Hka;r udkj ysñlï kS;s hgf;a w¾:l:kh lrk

,o cd;sfha meje;aug ;¾ckhla we;s ùu jeks b;du

iqúfYaI wjia:djkag iSud lsÍu i|yd wdKavql%u jHjia:dj

ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= h' idudkH kS;s w;sl%uKh lrkakg

fujeks kS;s Ndú;d fkd l< hq;= h' yÈis kS;sj, wjYH;dj

tu kS;sfhys meyeÈ,sj olajd ;sìh hq;= h' th oeä f,i

u wjYH;dfõ ld,hg muKla iSud l< hq;= h' yÈis kS;s

mekùu idOdrKoehs ;lafiare lsÍfï n,h wêlrKhg ,nd

Èh hq;= h'

3' isú,a yd foaYmd,k ysñlï mkf;a 19 ^3& j.ka;sh yd

iïnkaO m%ldYkfha yd f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï ksoyi yd

iïnkaO uQ,sl ysñlï iSud lsÍu i|yd wjir we;af;a l=uk

úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a o hkak wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ

i|yka úh hq;= h' iSud lsÍula idOdrK jk wNs,dIhka yd

tu wNs,dIhka wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd iSud lsÍula wjYH jk

fya;= thg we;=<;a úh hq;= h'

4' m%ldYkfha ksoyi iSud lrk ishÆ mj;akd kS;s rch úiska

újrKh l< hq;= h' tys§ wruqK úh hq;af;a tajd cd;Hka;r

udkj ysñlï kS;s yd Í;s iu. iïmQ¾Kfhka u wkq.; ùug

wjYH mßÈ ixfYdaOkh lsÍuhs' tla úl,amhla jkafka kS;s

wêlrKfhka ^jHjia:d& w¾:l:kh lsÍu kej; y÷kajd

§uhs' tu`.ska kS;s u; wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ wêldß;ajh

;yjqre fõ' fuu`.ska merKs kS;s iïnkaO m%Yak /ila

wduka;%Kh lrkq we;' tajd jHjia:djg wkqj mÍlaId

lrkakg o mq¿jk'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

1.1m%ldYkfha

ksoyi kS;sfhka

;yjqre lr ;sîu

yd Ndú;dfõ§

f.!rjhg

,la lsÍu


5' Wmßu fy<sorõ lsÍu u; mokï jQ f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï

ysñlï kS;shla l%shd;aul l< hq;= h' 1955 wxl 32 ork

ks, ryia mk; tlaflda wfydais l< hq;= h' ke;skï fuu

uQ,O¾uh u; ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= h' hym;a wruqKq u; yd

m%udKj;a idOl iys;j jerÈ l%shd fy<sorõ lrk mqoa.,hka

wdrlaId lsÍfï úêúOdk f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï mkf;ys

wvx.= úh hq;= h'

6' l¾;D udKav,sl iajdëk;ajh ms<sno cd;sl ixjdohg Y%S

,xldfõ udOH md¾Yajlrejka wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h' th

we;s lsÍu i|yd yels iEu mshjrla u .; hq;= h'

7' uyck fiajd udOHj, l¾;D udKav,sl iajdëk;ajh kS;sfhka

;yjqre l< hq;= h' fjk;a udOH úiska l¾;D udKav,sl

kS;s yd j.ùfï moaO;s jD;a;Sh jákdlï yd uyck fiajd

keUqrejlska hq;=j wkq.ukh l< hq;= h' tjeks kS;s u`.ska

l¾;D uKav, Yla;su;a úh hq;= h' udOH iud.ïj, l¾;D

udKav,sl lghq;= jHdmdr lghq;= j,ska fjka úh hq;= h'

wkjYH n,mEfuka l¾;D uKav, iajdëk;ajh wdrlaId lsÍfï

n,;, udOH iajhx kshduk fyda iy-kshduk hdka;%Khka

i;= úh hq;= h'

8' Y%S ,xldfõ udOH md¾Yajlrejkag l¾;D uKav, iajdëk;ajh

;yjqre lrk fyd`ou wdldr ms<sn`o cd;sl ixjdohla ms<sn|

wjOdkh fhduql, hq;=h'

9' jD;a;Sh uÜgfuka fyda wLKavj fyda fmdÿ hym; msKsi

udOH yryd f;dr;=re fnod fok ckudOHlrejkag

yd fjk;a udOH jD;a;slhkag ish f;dr;=re uQ,dY%j,

ryiHNdjh wdrlaId lr .ekSfï ysñlug kS;sh úiska

Yla;su;a wdrlaIdjla iemhsh hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

1.2f;dr;=re oek

.ekSfï whs;sh

kS;sfhka ;yjqre

lr ;sîu yd

Ndú;dfjys§

.re lsÍu

1.3 l¾;D uKav,

iajdëk;ajh

kS;sfhka ;yjqre

lr Ndú;dfjys§

.re lsÍu

1.4uQ,dY%h wdrlaId

lr .ekSug

ckudOHlrejkag we;s


lr Ndú;dfjys§

.re lsÍu


10' m%ldYkfha fyda udOH ksoyig n,mdk kS;s fyda m%;sm;a;s

fyda iïu; lr .ekSfï§ rch úiska wo< md¾Yajlrejkaf.ka

woyia úuiSfï mq¿,a l%shdj,shla wkq.ukh l< hq;= h'

11' úµq;a úldY iïnkaOfhka úia;S¾K kS;s iïu; lr .; hq;=

h' tys§ fjk;a foa w;r n,m;% §u i|yd fyda ke;skï úµq;a

úldYhka cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska wkqj kshdukh lsÍu i|yd

md¾,sfïka;=j yryd ck;djg j. lshk iajdëk mdroDIH

wdh;k jHQyhla msysgqúh hq;=h' fuu jHQyh j.lSula iys;

yd mdroDIH úh hq;= w;r th l%shd;aul úh hq;= m%;sm;a;s

rduqj kS;sfhka iïmdokh l< hq;= h'

12' isú,a wmydih ms<sn|j cd;Hka;r yd jHjia:duh m%ñ;Skag

wkql+, jk fia kS;shla f.k wd hq;=hs' fjk;a ldrKdj,g

wu;rj" wmydi kvq ;ukaf.a kñka u bÈßm;a lsÍug

fmdÿ n,OdÍkag n,;, ke;s nj fuu kS;sh úiska ;yjqre

l< hq;=hs' fmdÿ m%;srEm we;s wh idudkH mqrjeishkag

jvd jeä m%udKhla úfõpk bjid .; hq;=hs' wmydi

j.W;a;rlrejkag m%udKj;a wdrlaIdjla ;sìh hq;=hs'

tfiau" mkjkq ,nk oKavkhka isÿ ù we;s ydksfha ;rug

m%udKj;a úh hq;=hs'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

1.5udOH iïnkaO uyck

m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍu

i|yd uyck yd isú,a

iudc ixúOdk

iyNd.s ùu

1.6kshduk moaO;sj,

iajdëk;ajh kS;sfhka

;yjqre lr ;sîu yd

Ndú;dfjys§ .re lsÍu

1.7kshduk l%u úiska

udOH nyqúONdjh"

m%ldYkfha yd

f;dr;=rej, ksoyi

wdrlaId lrkq ,eîu

1.8rdcHh úiska ckudOH

fj; wkjYH kS;suh

iSud mkjkq fkd ,eîu

1.9wmydi kS;s úiska

mqoa.,hkaf.a lS¾;sh

wdrlaId lsÍug wjYH

mgq u iSud mkjkq

,eîu


13' fla;.; lrk ,o yd ,sys,a lrk ,o wêlrK wmydi

kS;shla l%shd;aul l< hq;= h' ;Skaÿ" wêlrK l%shdj,s yd

fufyhqï idOdrK wkaoñka úfõpkh lsÍug tu`.ska bv

Èh hq;= h' tjeks l%shdj,s È.= l,la .ksñka ;sìh§ o" tu

kvqfõ idOdrK;ajhg n,mEula fkd jkafka kï tjeks

úfõpkj,g bv Èh hq;= h' úfYaI kvqj,§ o" hqla;sh

mis|,Sfuys§ o th tfia úh hq;= h'

14' md¾,sfïka;=j"uka;%Sjreka fyda md¾,sfïka;= ks,OdÍka

fyda úfõpkh lsÍu je<elaùfï n,;, md¾,sfïka;=jg

fkd ;sìh hq;= h' fmdÿ hym; fjkqfjka f;dr;=re

fy<sorõ lsÍfï ysñlu kS;sfhka wdrlaId l< hq;= h' thg

md¾,sfïka;= l%shdud¾. úfõpkh fuka u tys uka;%Sjreka

úfõpkh lsÍfï whs;sh o we;=<;a h'

15' rdcfødays;ajh yd iïnkaO oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 120 fldgi

bj;a l< hq;= h' tu`.ska wdjrKh jk ´kEu ;¾ckhla

iïnkaOfhka wdrlaIdj iemhSu msKsi wmrdOj,g wkqn, §u

yd iïnkaO kS;s m%udKj;a h'

16' m%ldYkfha ksoyi tfia iSud lrk fjk;a tjeks kS;s o

kej; újrKh l< hq;= h' wjYH mßÈ ixfYdaOkh l<

hq;= h' tajd jHjia:dj yd m%ldYkfha ksoyi yd iïnkaO

cd;Hka;r ;yjqre lsÍï iu. wkq.; l< hq;= h'

17' udOHj,g mQ¾j jdrKhka fkd mekúh hq;= h' wjYH kï"

wêlrKj,g udOH wka;r.;fha kS;Hdkql+,Ndjh m<

lsÍfuka miqj yÈis mokulska úNd. l< yels h' jdrKhg

bv fok uyck /`.=ï md,k mk; jeks kS;s yd fr.=,dis

kej; újrKh l< hq;= w;r cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag wkql+,

jk fia ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

1.10m%ldYkfha ksoyi

u; mekfjk fjk;a

iïndOl" tajd cd;sl

wdrlaIdj" ffjÍ

m%ldY" fm!oa.,sl;ajh"

wêlrKhg wmydi

lsÍu yd wiNH;ajh

u; mokï jqK o" mgq

wkaoñka kS;sfhka

w¾:l:kh lr ;sìh

hq;= w;r m%cd;ka;%jd§

iudchl§ cd;Hka;r

kS;sh wkqj

idOdrKSlrKh l<

yels ùu

1.11udOH kS;sfhka

fuka u

Ndú;dfjys§ o

mQ¾j jdrKhg

,la fkdùu


18' wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ yd cd;Hka;r kS;sfha m%ñ;sj,g

wkql+,j yer wka wdldrj,ska wka;¾cd, wka;¾.;hka fyda

l%shdldrlï iSud lsÍug W;aidyhla fkd oeßh hq;= h' wiNH

fyda kS;s úfrdaë wka;¾.;hka wêlrK wjirhla u`.ska

je<elaúh yels h' tfy;a úfõpkd;aul foaYmd,k woyia yd

¥IK fy<sorõ lsÍu lsis lf,l je<elaúh hq;= ke;' wjysr

lrk ,o fjí wvúj, mQ¾K f,aLkhla mj;ajdf.k hd hq;=

w;r uyck újrKh i|yd ,nd Èh hq;= h'

19' rch úiska rg ;=< wka;¾cd, >d;l iaúph Ndú;d lrk

wdldrh ms<sn| meyeÈ,s kshdukhla yd ud¾f.damfoaY ;sìh

hq;= h' tu`.ska foaYmd,k wruqKq fjkqfjka yd úreoaO u;

m< lsÍu je<elaùu fjkqfjka th wmyrKh lsÍu wju

l< hq;= h'

20' fjí wvú ,shdmosxÑh wkjYH úh hq;= h' fjí f,dalhg

wod< lrk kS;s úiska my; i`oyka lreKg .re l< hq;=

h' tkï" m%ldYkfha ksoyi yd wod< kshduk n,;,

Ndú;d l< hq;af;a foaYmd,k yd jdksc n,mEïj,ska f;dr

jHQyhla úiska h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

1.12rch rchg ixfõ§

fyda ydkslr úh

yels wka;¾cd,

wka;¾.;hkaj,g

ndOd fkdlsÍu


2m%j¾.h

udOHj, nyqúONdjh iy úúO;ajh"

iudk wd¾:sl wjia:d iy ysñldß;ajfha mdroDYHNdjh


m%Odk o¾Yl

w udOH ixflakaøKh

2.1 rch nyq;ajjd§ udOH jmißhla m%j¾Okh lsÍug

mshjr .eksu

2.2 nyq;ajjd§ udOH m%j¾Okh lsÍfï l%shdud¾. iu. wkql+,;dj

rch ;yjqre lsÍu

wd uyck fiajd" fm!oa.,sl yd m%cd udOHj, úúO;ajfha iïñY%Khla

2.3 rch il%sh f,i úúO uyck fiajd" fm!oa.,sl yd

m%cd udOH m%j¾Okh lsÍu

2.4 iajdëk yd mdroDIH kshduk moaO;shla

2.5 rch yd isú,a iudc ixúOdk m%cd udOH

l%shdldÍj m%j¾Okh lsÍu

we n,m;% yd úµq;a ;rx.ud,d ,nd§u

2.6 rcfha úµq;a ;rx.ud,d fjka lr §fï ie,eiau úiska

fmdÿ wNs,dIhka i|yd m%Yia; Ndú;h ;yjqre lrkq ,eîu

2.7 rcfha úµq;a ;rx.ud,d fjka lr §fï ie,eiau úiska

ysñldß;ajfha yd wka;¾.;fha úúO;ajh m%j¾Okh lrkq ,eîu

2.8 iajdëk yd mdroDIH kshduk moaO;shla

wE nÿ yd jHdmdr ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu

2.9 rch nÿ yd jHdmdr kshdukh udOH ixj¾Okh

Èß .ekaùu i|yd iudkd;au;d mokulska Ndú;d lsÍu

b fjf<| ±kaùïlrKh

2.10 rch rcfha fj<| ±kaùï ,nd§fï m%;sm;a;sh ;=<§ fjkia

ie,lSï fkdlsÍu

2.11 udOHj, fj<| ±kaùï md,kh lsÍfï ld¾hlaIu kshdukhla


zm%cd;dka;%sl iudcj, mqrjeisfhda ;uka mdúÉÑ

lrkq ,eîfuka yd md,kh lrkq ,eîfuka

wdrlaId jkq jia yd wre;anr m%cd;ka;%jdohl

moku oukq jia nqoaêuh iajhx wdrlaIdjla

mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= hZhs weußldkq jd.a úoHd{

yd m%cd;dka;%sl iudchl udOHj, N+ñldj ms<sn|

úpdrl fkdaï fpdïials mjid ;sfí'

;ks mqoa.," iud.ï" rdcH fyda fjk;a udOH

wdh;khla jqj;a" tys ixialdrl lghq;= tyss

ysñldß;ajh iu. fjkal, fkd yels f,i ne£

;sfí' udOH ysñldß;ajh yd ysñlrejka úiska

l¾;D iy ixialdrl ;k;=rej,g lrk n,mEu

úuid ne,sh hq;= jkafka kQ;k iudchkaf.a

uyck u;h yev.eiaùfuys yd thg n,mEï

lsÍfuys ,d udOHj,g fl;rï n,mEula l<

yels o hk ldrKh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka h'

udOH ysñldß;ajh" iud.ï yd mqoa.,hka

w;f<diaila w;g m;a jQ úg" ysñldß;ajh

l=ula jqj;a" udOH úiska fiajh l< hq;=j

;sfnk fmdÿ wNs,dIhka fjkqjg fm!oa.,sl

wNs,dIhka u;= úh yels h' tjeks fm!oa.,sl

wNs,dIhka foaYmd,k mlaI" ;ks iud.ï fyda

fjk;a úúO n,mEï lKavdhï wd§ mrdihl

úysÈh yels h'

ishÆ úµq;a úldYlhka úiska Ndú;d lrkq

,nkafka fmdÿ ysñldß;ajh ;=< we;s rch úiska

Ndrldß;ajh orkq ,nk úoHq;a ;rx.ud,djhs'

iq¿;r m%N+ me<eka;shla úiska úµq;a ixLHd;

md,kh lrk úg fj<|fmd< mokï jQ kshu

;r.ldß;ajla mej;sh fkd yels h' th wfkla

me;af;ka by< ñ< jeks taldêldÍ Ndú;djkag

yd wvq ks¾udKYS,s;ajhlg fya;= fjhs'

m%cd;dka;%sl iudchka úiska udOH ysñldß;ajfha

m%jK;d ksÍlaIKh lrñka ysñldß;ajh iq¿

msßila w;g hdu j<lajd .; hq;= h' tla" tla

udOH wxYj, mqoa.," mjq,a" iud.ï yd lKavdhï

n,mEu iSud lsÍu i|yd rchka úiska kS;s

iïmdokh l< hq;= h' ksis udOH kshdukhla

yryd wjYH ;rï udOH úldY uOHia:dk

mej;Su ;yjqre lsÍfï j.lSula o rchg ;sfí'

tu kS;s w;rg ufkdauQ,sl ks¾kdhl u; mokï

jQ m¾hka;hka" fma%laIl fldgi" ixirKh"

wdodhu" fldgia fn§ hdu fyda Pkaoh §fï

ysñlï wdÈh we;=<;a fõ' tjeks kS;s úiska yria

wkql,kh fyj;a tlu l%shdldß;aj YdLdj ;=<

iïnkaO ùï yd ;sria wkql,kh fyj;a ;ks

mqoa.,hka" iud.ï" lKavdhï fyda ksIamdok

yd fnodyeÍï l%shdj,sfha m%Odk n,fõ. úiska

md,kh lsÍu yd fj<| ±kaùïlrKh jeks wod<

l%shdldrlï o ie,ls,a,g .kshs'

kshdukh úiska .kq ,nk kshu iajrEmh r|d

mj;skafka udOH fj<|fmdf<ys jmißh yd

ixj¾Ok uÜgu wkqjhs' udOH kS;s l%shd;aul

lsÍu iïnkaOfhka j.lshk wêldÍkag iajdëkj

yd foaYmd,k mSvkfhka f;drj ish N+ñldj

bgq lsÍu i|yd m%udKj;a n,;, ;sìh hq;= h'

úfYaIfhka u udOH nyqúONdjh ;¾ckhg

,la jQ úg fyda ms<s.; fkd yels uÜgug iq¿

msßila w; ixflakaøKh jQ úg fyda wjYH udOH

fufyhqï isÿ lsÍug yd jeäÿrg;a wjYH kï

iïndOl meKùug o Tjqkag n,;, ;sìh hq;= h'


udOH nyqúONdjh hkq we;af;ka u l=ula o@

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m%udKj;a ;rï úúO jkafka kï tajd

nyqúO fõ'

udOH nyqúONdjfhka woyia lrkq

,nkafka my; i|yka ,laIK ;sfnk

udOH jHQyhls'

• tlsfklska iajdëk" uOHu

ysñldß;ajhl fyda fjk;a wdldrhl

n,mEulska f;dr ;rldÍ udOH

wdh;kj,ska iukaú; úh hq;= h'

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u l%shd;aul fjñka tlsfkl u;

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• iudcfha iEu wiaila uq,a,la kEr u

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• mq¿,a úúO;ajhl f;dr;=re yd woyia

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udOH ixflakaøKh fyj;a mqoa.,hka fyda

iud.ï w;f<diaila úiska lsishï fj<|fmd<l

udOHj,ska ie,lsh hq;= mx.=jla w;a m;a lr

.ekSu úiska udOH nyqúONdjh yd úúO;ajh

hgm;a fõ' tu`.ska udOH woyiaj," NdIdfõ yd

ixialD;sfha nyqúONdjhg wys;lr jd;djrKhla

ks¾udKh lrkq ,efí' wfkla w;g tu`.ska

m%cdfõ ishÆ wxYj,g fmdÿ idlÉPdfõ yd

újdofha iyNd.s ùug we;s wjia:d fndfyda úg

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YS% ,xldfõ udOH lafIa;%h rchg ysñ" th úiska

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whs;s fm!oa.,sl udOH f,i mq¿,a f,i j¾.

l< yels h' lemS fmfkk úysoSula we;s" i;H

jYfhka u m%cdjkag ysñ udOH olakg fkd,efí'

fndfyda fm!oa.,sl úldY kd,sld úldY lghq;=

lrkafka fld<U isghs' rcfha ysñldr;ajh iys;

m%dfoaYSh .=jkaúÿ,s uOHia:dk 7 la ;sfí' flfia

kuq;a m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï§ úúO udOH fj; m%fõY

ùug mqrjeishkag we;s wjia:d iSud ù we;'

udOHj, yria ysñldß;ajh

OH yria ysñldß;ajh hkq tla

iud.ula úiska udOH jHdmdr lSmhla

ysñ lr .ekSuhs' fuu jHdmdrj,g úldY"

/yeka rEmjdyskS" Ñ;%mg" f¾äfhda" mqj;am;a"

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iudkqmd;sl fkd jk wdldrfhka uyck

u;hg oeä n,mEula lsÍfï yelshdjla fkd

;sìh hq;= h'

tlai;a ckmofha f*vr,a ikaksfõok

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.; yels úldY uOHia:dk ^f¾äfhda yd

rEmjdyskS& ixLHdj iSud lr we;' tfia

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ke;' udOH yria ysñldß;ajh j¾;udkfhaoS

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lr ;sfí' tfy;a udOH nyqúONdjh yd

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úfYaIfhka u" nyqúONdjh yd úúO;ajh

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wkqlrKh iq,n h'

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ld,h t<U ;sfí'

kd,sld m%.=Kkh

úoHq;a udOH kd,sld ixLHdj úuik úg 2011

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,ehsia;=.; ùï fufia h(68

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69

• .=jka úÿ,s úldYfha fhfok wdh;k

16ls ^rchg whs;s folla yd fiiq tajd

fm!oa.,sl&' tu`.ska isxy," fou<" bx.%Sis

udOHhkaf.ka t*a'tï kd,sld 50g jvd

úldYh flf¾'

• rEmjdyskS úldYfha fhfok wdh;k

12ls ^rchg wh;a folla yd fiiq tajd

fm!oa.,sl& tu`.ska rEmjdyskS kd,sld

20la fkdñf<a .=jkska úldYh flf¾'

mQ¾K f,aLkh m<uq weuqKqfuys we;'

fuu .=jka rEmjdyskS úldYj,g wu;rj

flan,a rEmjdyskS" pkaøsld rEmjdyskS yd tla

IP-TV úldYhla o ;sfí' fuu`.ska fndfyda

úg foaYSh rEmjdyskS yd úfoaYSh pkaøsld

rEmjdyskS kd,sld úldYh flf¾' Tjqkaf.a

fj<|fmd< fldgi l=vd jqj;a mq¿,a fjñka

;sfí' ksoiqkla f,i vhf,d.a à'ù' fuys

m%Odk wf,úlrejd jk w;r 2015 ud¾;= w.

jk úg .%dylhka 504"000lg wdikak jQfha

h'69 odhl;aj meflac fjkia jk w;r wju

udisl .dia;=j re' 450la fõ' ffoksl odhl;aj

.dia;= o ;sfí'

rch o udOH wdh;k lSmhla ysñ lrf.k

l<ukdlrKh lrhs' tajdg o ie,lsh hq;= .%dyl

msßila isáhs' tu udOH wdh;k jkafka;

• tlai;a m%jD;a;s m;% iud.u fyj;a

f,alayjqia' f,alayjqia hkq rfÜ úYd,;u

yd merKs u mqj;am;a m%ldYk wdh;khhs'

^th 1973§ rchg mjrd .kakd ,§&

• cd;sl .=jka úÿ,sh fyj;a Y%S ,xld .=jka

úÿ,s ixia:dj

• cd;sl rEmjdysksh fyj;a Y%S ,xld

rEmjdyskS ixia:dj

• iajdëk rEmjdyskS fiajh kï jdksc

rEmjdyskS uOHia:dkh ^1979§ tys

ysñlrejkaf.ka rchg mjrd .kakd ,§&

fuu udOH uOHia:dkj,g úYd, .%dyl msßila

we;' oekg fjk;a lsisÿ udOH wdh;khlg

^ysñldr;ajhlg& ikaikaokd;aulj fu;rï

iqúi,a .%dyl m%cdjla ke;' f,alayjqia" cd;sl

rEmjdysksh yd cd;sl .=jka úÿ,sh úiska ish

ft;sydisl jdish Wmfhda.S lr .kq ,efí'

lsisÿ fm!oa.,sl iud.ula ;ju;a ish¨ udOHhka

w;r me;sr hkakg iu;a ù ke;' flfia fj;;a

úldY iud.ï úiska f¾äfhda" rEmjdyskS yd fjí

úldY w;am;a lrf.k ;sfí' my; igyfkka

fuu m%jK;dj ksrEmKh fõ'


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fjk;a udOH

fufyhqï

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kd,sld

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MTV Channel (Pvt) Ltd.

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EAP Holdings www.eapholdings.lk

ShreeFMEFMRanFM

SwarnawahiniETv

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Asian Broadcasting Corporation (Pvt) Ltd.www.asiabroadcasting.lk

HiruFMSunFMSooriyanFMGoldFMShaaFM

HiruTV mqj;a fjí wvúh:HiruNewswww.hirunews.lk

Power House (Pvt) Ltd. FMDerana TVDerana(flan,a

rEmjdyskSAdaDerana24/7)

Y%S ,xldfõ udOH fj<|fmd< m%idrKh ùu yd

fma%laIl reÑl;ajhka fõ.fhka fjkia ùu

ksid we;eï l=vd iud.ï udOH l¾udka;h ;=<

/£ isákafka uy;a wiSrefjks' fuh fjk;a

jHdmdßl lghq;= fkd lrk" oekaùï yd wf,úh

u; uq¿ukska u r|d mj;sk udOH iud.ïj,g

úfYaI wNsfhda.hls' fj<|fmd< w;am;alr

.ekSfï l%shdj,sh ;=< we;eï udOHj,


Rajapaksaandthemedia:Someonehastoundothedamage.DailyMirror,8Dec2014.http://www.dailymirror.lk/58351/rajapaksa-and-media-someone-else-has-to-undo-the-damage

http://rni.nic.in/cenrule.asp

ParliamentofSriLankahasatotalof225members.http://www.parliament.lk/en/members-of-parliament/directory-of-members

7270 71

ysñldß;ajfha fjkialï uE; jirj,§ isÿ úh'

^tajd jvd úYd, iud.ï úiska ñ< § .kakd ,§&'

by; o i`oyka lrk ,o mßos fï i`oyd ks,

kS;suh ndOdjla ke;'

udOH ysñlï l%shdldßlhka úiska jd¾;d.; lr

;sfnk wdldrhg rdcmlaI wdKavqfõ ys;j;=ka

úiska úfõpkd;aul udOH wdh;k ñ< § .kakd

wdldrhla olakg ,eìKs' thska flá l,lg

miq tu wdh;kj, ixialdrl wka;¾.;h lemS

fmfkk wkaoñka fjkia úh'70

furg udOH iud.ul ysñlrejkaf.a"

wOHlaIjrekaf.a fyda fldgia ysñhka isà kï

Tjqkaf.a kï fy<sorõ l< hq;= hhs kS;shla

fkdue;' 2'9ys i|yka lrk wdldrhg iud.ï

kshdulhskag wksjd¾hfhka wjYH jkafka

jd¾Isl wdodhï ms<sn| uQ,sl fy<sorõjla muKs'

^tfy;a bkaÈhdfõ kï rch úiska m;a lrkq

,nk mqj;am;a ,shdmÈxÑlre úiska iEu mqj;am;a

msgm;l u uqo%Klre" m%ldYl" ysñlre" l¾;D yd

uqo%Kh l< ia:dkh i|yka fõ o hkak ms<sn|

j. n,d .kq ,efí' iEu jirl u fmnrjdß ui

wjika Èkfhka miq ksl=;a jk m<uq l,dmfha§

jvd iúia;r oekaùula m< l< hq;= h'71&

we;eï foaYmd,k{hka ;u mjq,a idudðlhka

fyda úYajdijka;hka jk ksfhdað;hka ud¾.

fhka fl<ska u fyda jl%j m%Odk udOH wdh;k

ysñ lr .kq ,efí' WodyrKhla f,i 2010 - 2015

md¾,sfïka;=fõ uka;%Sjreka miafofkl=f.aj;a

mjq,a fm!oa.,sl mqj;am;a m%ldYk iud.ï iu.

iïnkaO h' ;j;a uka;%Sjrhl=f.a ifydaorhl=g

m%Odk fmf<a úldY iud.ula" rEmjdyskS yd

f¾äfhda kd,sld lSmhla ysñ h' wju jYfhka

uka;%Sjre fofoffkl=g ;j;a .=jka úÿ,s

uOHia:dk foll whs;sh ysñh'

foaYmd,lhka fyda Tjqkaf.a mjq,a fyda udOH

iud.ï ysñ lr .ekSu fyda tajd iu. iómj

iïnkaO ùu yd wod< jk kS;s Y%S ,xldfõ

fkdue;' fndfyda foaYmd,k{fhda udOH

wdh;k ysñ lr .ekSug leue;a;la olaj;s'

we;eï udOH ysñlrefjda ;ukaf.a foaYmd,k

wNs,dIhka meyeÈ,sj u fy<sorõ lr ;sfí'72


ks ¾ f oa Y ( udOHj, ienE nyq;ajjdohla úúO;ajhla

m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd rch úiska ish¨

md¾Yj we;=<;a lr.kakd" nyq md¾Yaúl

idlÉPdjla Èh;a l< hq;= h' fuh

jeämqr u l< hq;= jkafka m%cd;dka;%sl

ikaksfõok n,h jeäÈhqKq lsÍfï

l%uhla f,i h' th fmdÿ wjldYh iu.

wka;¾.%dyS úh hq;= w;r yqÿ mdßfNda.sl

reÑhg yd fj<|fmd< ;r.hg iemhqï

fkd l< hq;= h'

udOH ysñldß;ajfha úia;r újD; yd

mdroDIH lsÍu ish,q udOH wdh;kj,g

wksjd¾h jk kS;shla iïu; l< hq;= h'

tajd ksYaÑ; ld,hlg jrla uyckhdg

fy<sorõ l< hq;= h' udOH l¾udka;h

ysñldß;ajh jd¾Islj fy<sorõ lsÍu i|yd

l%ufõohla ielish hq;= h' ^udOH iud.

ïj, ysñldß;ajh yd m%Odk fldgialrejka

m%isoaO lrk l%ufõohla bkaÈhdfõ ;sfí'&

th isoq jk f;la" ysñldr úia;r m%isoaO

lsÍfuka udOH l¾udka;hg ;u uyck

j.ùu jeä l< yels h'

udOH ysñldß;ajh yd yria ysñldß;ajh

^tl iud.ula f¾äfhda" rEmjdyskS"

mqj;am;a wd§ nyqúO udOH ysñ lr .ekSu&

iq¿ msßila w;g m;a ùu je<elaùfï kS;s

md¾,sfïka;=j úiska iïu; l< hq;= h'

m¾fhaIlhka yd isú,a iudc lKavdhï

úiska ;u udOH ksÍlaIK lghq;=

wka;¾.; úYaf,aIKhkaf.ka yd l¾;D

uKav, Ndú;h ms<sn| wdpdr Od¾ñl

i,ld ne,Sïj,ska Tíng f.k hd hq;= h'

tu`.ska udOH ysñlrejkaf.a foaYmd,k

mlaImd;s;ajhka yd udOH fkd jk jHdmdr

wNs,dIhka o ksÍlaIKh l< hq;= h’ fuu

f;dr;=re wka;¾cd,fha m%isoaO lrk

l%uhla ielish hq;= h'


EmbattledMedia:Democracy,GovernanceandReforminSriLanka(SagePublications,Feb2015).pp101-150http://www.sagepub.in/books/Book244886?siteId=sage-india&prodTypes=any&q=Embattled+Media&fs=1

73

2 02 nyq;ajjd§ udOH

m%j¾Okh lsÍfï

l%shdud¾. iu. wkql+,;dj

rch ;yjqre lsÍu

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iqúfYaI kS;s" fr.=,dis Y%S ,xldfõ

fkdue;' mj;sk ysñldr jHQyhka

úiska udOHj, nyqúONdjh i|yd bv m%ia:dj

,nd fkdfohs'

tfy;a" Y%S ,dxlsl iudch ixúOdkh ù we;s

wdldrh yd wd¾:sl ;SrK .kakd wdldrh wkqj

udOH ysñldß;ajh b;d jeo.;a fõ' wjdikdjg

fuka" udOH lafIa;%fha úoHq;a úldY wxYfha jeä

jk fm!oa.,sl ysñldß;ajh úiska iajdëk udOH

we;af;ka u Èß .kajkafka ke;'

Embattled Media: Democracy, Governance and Reform in Sri Lanka kï uE;§ m< lrk

,o .%ka:h úiska rcfha fyda jdksc mSvkhka

u`.ska wjodkug ,la jk jHdmdr ysñ" uyck

wNs,dIhkag fiajh lsÍug wjOdkh fhduq fkd

lrk msßia úiska fm!oa.,sl úoHq;a úldY udOH

iud.ï ysñ lr .kakd wdldrh fmkajd § ;sfí'

úoHq;a udOHhkaf.a foaYmd,k wd¾:slh újrKh

lrk fuu .%ka:h úiska iuia; udOH ysñldß;aj

l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn|j u wÆf;ka i,ld ne,Su

yd woyia yd yv me;af;ka úúO;ajh Èß.ekaùu

ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrhs'73

ks ¾ f oa Y ( Y%S ,xldfõ udOH ;=< ienE nyq;ajNdjhla

yd úúO;ajhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd

wjYH m%;sm;a;s fjkqfjka rch úiska

nyq md¾Yaùh idlÉPdjla Èh;a l<

hq;= h' fuh l< hq;af;a ish,a,g bv

i,ik m%cd;ka;%jd§ ikaksfõok n,h

j¾Okh lsÍfï ud¾.hla f,i ñi yqÿ

mdßfNda.sl f;dard .ekSu fyda fj<|fmd<

;r.ldß;ajh fjkqfjka fkd fõ'

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fm!oa.,sl yd m%cd udOH

m%j¾Okh lsÍu

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m%j¾Okh lrkq fkd ,efí'

úoHq;a udOH úldYfha§ fm!oa.,sl wxYfha

iyNd.s;ajh 1990 isg u újD;j ;sfnkafka úúO

rchkaf.a jHdmdßl iyprhkag muKs' n,m;%

,nd fokafka újD;" ;r.ldÍ mokulska fkd

fõ' .=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS lafIa;%fha m%cd

.=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS uOHia:dk fkdue;s

w;r m%cd lKavdhïj,g fyda ,dN fkd ,nk

ixúOdkj,g n,m;% ksl=;a lrkafka ke;'

uqøs; jdr m%ldYkhla wdrïN lsÍu myiq h' ta

fjkqfjka wdrïNl .dia;=jla fyda fjk;a iSud

lsÍula ke;' Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;a yd i`.rd úYd,

ixLHdjla ;sfí' tfy;a" ta fndfyduhla wd¾:sl

jYfhka wr.,hl fh§ isà'

m%cd udOH i|yd lsisÿ kS;suh y÷kd .ekSula

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.=jka úÿ,sh iqúfYaI úldY iajrEmhla f,i

y÷kd .; hq;= h'

m%ldYkfha yd woyia oeÍfï ksoyi wdrlaId

lsÍfï yd m%j¾Okh lsÍfï tlai;a cd;Skaf.a

ysgmq úfYaI ueÈy;alre *%Ekala ,d rE 2010§

wjOdrKh l< mßÈ zm%ldYkfha yd woyia oeÍfï

ksoyi ;=<g iq¿;rhkag yd neyer lrk ,o

lKavdhïj,g f;dr;=re ,nd §ug" iïfma%IKhg

yd ,nd .ekSug ;sfnk whs;sh o we;=<;a úh'

Y%S


hq;= h' m%cd mdol udOH jkdys th w;am;a lr

.ekSug id¾:l l%uhls' thg Wmldr lsÍu yd

idOdrK m%fõYhla ,nd §u rcfha j.lSuls'Z

fndfyda .%dóh m%cdjkag myiqfjka <`.d úh

yels m%cd .=jka úÿ,shg m<d;a md,kfha

zzwoyia oeÍfï yd m%ldYkfha

ksoyig iq¿;rfha yd neyer lrk

,o m%cdjkaf.a f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï"

fnod §fï" yd yqjudre lsÍï ksoyi

o wh;a fõ' ta i|yd m%cd mdol udOH

ld¾hlaIu l%uhls' tfia lsÍug Tjqkag

myiqlï ie,iSu yd Tjqkag idOdrK

m%fõYhla ,nd §u rcfha ld¾hhls'ZZ

*%Ekala ,d rE"

woyia oeÍfï yd m%ldYkfha ysñlu

wdrlaId lsÍu yd m%j¾Okh lsÍu ms<sn|

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a úfYaI ueÈy;alre

2010§

uQ,dY%(

http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.23.pdf

ld¾hlaIu;dj yd mdroDIHNdjh Èß .kajñka

m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Okfha W;afma%rlhla úh yels h'

fou< l;d lrk j;=lrfha m%cdj" ÿrneyer mÈxÑ

f.dú m%cd wd§ wdka;sl m%cdjkaf.a wjYH;djkag

úi÷ï fiùfï yelshdjla m%cd .=jka úÿ,shg

;sfí' úYajúoHd, .=jka úÿ,s uOHia:dk

u`.ska iriú m%cdj yd wi,ajeis m%cdjka iu.

iïnkaO;d f.dvk.d .; yels h'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( rch yd udOH l¾udka;h iduQyslj

udOHj, wka;¾.; úúO;ajh we;s

lsÍu i|yd wemlem úh hq;= h' th

ueksh hq;af;a udOH wdh;k ;sfnk

.Kkska fkdj tu`.ska lrkq ,nk iudc

ksfhdackh yd tajdfha we;=<;a lr .ekSfï

yelshdfõ mrdih u; h' iudc" foaYmd,k"

ixialD;sl oelau ys mQ¾K mrdihla yiq

lr .ekSfï yelshdj tajdg ;sìh hq;= h'

fhdað; uyck fiajd úoHq;a udOH u`.ska

lrk fjk;a foa iu. tjeks wka;¾.;

úúO;ajhla o m%j¾Okh l< yels h'

fj<|fmd< u`.ska Èfjk udOH úiska

ksIamdokh lrkq fkd ,nk jeo.;a udOH

ksIamdok isÿ lsÍug iajdëk wka;¾.;

ksIamdolhkag wjia:dj ,nd Èh yels h'

úoHq;a úldYhg wod< kS;s iïmdokh

l< hq;af;a ysñldß;aj úúO;ajh fuka

u udOH wka;¾.;fha úúO;ajh o

m%j¾Okh jk wdldrhghs' fjk;a ldrKd

w;r" ysñldß;aj úúO;ajh o úldY

n,m;%lrKh Tiafia m%j¾Okh lsÍfï l%u

kS;sh úiska fhdackd l< hq;= h'


2 04 iajdëk yd

mdroDIH

kshduk moaO;shla

úoHq;a udOH úiska Ndú;d lrkq ,nk

úoHq;a ;rx. ixLHd;hka iSñ; fmdÿ

iïm;ls' ta wkqj th ÿ,n iïm;ls'

úldY yd úÿ,s ixfoaY" yosis ikaksfõok" yuqod

lghq;= jeks fjk;a lghq;= i|yd ;sfnkafka tu

iïm;a m%udKh muKs' tu iSñ;lu ksid tajdfha

jákdlu jeä h'

äcsg,a úldY l%uh y`ÿkajd oSu;a iu. .=jka úÿ,s

yd rEmjdyskS kd,sld ixLHdj jeä jk uq;a tys

o iSudjla we;' tneúka ixLHd; Ndrldr;ajh

ork rchg tu iïm;a Ndú;d lrk úldYlhka

j.ùug hg;a lsÍfï yelshdj ;sfí' ´kEu

kshduk hdka;%Khla úiska jeä wjOdkh fhduq

l< hq;=j ;sfnkafka fjk;a wNs,dIhkag jvd

uyck wNs,dIhkag h'

Y%S ,xldfõ úoHq;a udOH úldY kshduk moaO;sh

iajdëk fyda mdroDIH ke;'

oYl .Kkdjla mqrd rdcH taldêldrhla jQ úoHq;a

udOH úldY wxYh wjidkfha§ 1992§ fm!oa.,sl

iyNd.s;ajhg újD; flßKs' flfia fj;;a" fuu

;SrKh iu. ta i|yd lsisÿ úfYaIs; kS;shla

fr.=,dishla iïmdokh fkdùh' t;eka isg u th

;sfnkafka wúêu;a wdldrhlg h'

ta wkqj meyeÈ,s kS;s fyda kshduk

hdka;%Khkaf.a meyeÈ,s iajdëk l%shdldß;ajhla

furg ;=< olakg fkd,efí'

úldY n,m;a ,nd§fï l%shdj,shg meyeÈ,s

mámdáhla fkdue;' rch yd udOH ks,OdÍka

úiska th fufyhjkq ,nkafka fkd meyeÈ,s"

ys;=jlaldr iajrEmhlsks' ta fjkqfjka m%ldYs;

ud¾f.damfoaY fyda ks¾kdhl o ke;' tneúka

n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu yryd uyck fiajd udOH

fyda m%cd udOH Èß .ekaùfï kS;suh úêúOdk

fkdue;' fï olajd mej;s n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍfï

l%u u`.ska rch md¾Yjfhka tjeks wNs,dIhla

fmkakqï lr fkdue;'

2'8 fldgi o n,kak'


1997 ud¾;= udifha§ ckdêm;s pkaøsld

nKavdrkdhl l=udr;=x. úiska Y%S ,xld

úldY wêldß mk; fhdackd lrk ,§' tys

wruqK úoHq;a úldY udOH fjkqfjka kshduk

wêldßhla msysgqùuhs' úldY ia:dk msysgqùu yd

kshdukh;a" úldY n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu;a tys

wruqKq úh'

fuu mk; u`.ska rdcH úldY wdh;kj,g

tla wdldrhl j.ùula o rdcH fkd jk

úldYlhkag fjk;a wdldrhl j.lSula o

fhdackd lsÍfuka úIu;djla we;s lr ;sfí

hk mokñka n,mEï lKavdhï fuu mk;g

tfrysj fYa%IaGdêlrKhg meñKs,s l< y' th

jHjia:dkql+, jkakg kï" ;d¾lsl mokula

wjYH nj fmkajd fok ,§' fYa%IaGdêlrKh

tjekakla fkd ÿgq w;r mk;g tfrysj

;Skaÿj ÿkafka h'

w;=fldar, yd ;j;a whg tÈßj kS;sm;sjrhd

f,i m%lg fuu kvqfjys§ fYa%IaGdêlrKh

úiska fhdað; úldY wêldßh jHjia:djg

wkql+, o hkak mÍlaId lrk ,§'

úldY wêldß iajdëk yd wmlaImd;S ùfï

m%ñ;shg wkql+, úh hq;= h hk ia:djrfha

ysÈñka wdál,a 19ys úldY ksoyi yd

iïnkaO cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s yd ud¾f.damfoaY

fYa%IaGdêlrKh úiska Wmqgd olajk ,§' tys

fufia oelafõ( zn,m;% ,nd fok jHQyh

rcfhka iajdëk úh hq;= h' th fmdÿ úldY

l<ukdlrKh lrk wêldßh fyda fjku

wêldßhla úh yels h' flfia fj;;a" fmdÿ

yd fm!oa.,sl úldYhka yd iïnkaOfhka tla

wêldßhla ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' tu`.ska

úldY m%;sm;a;s ixj¾Okh yd l%shd;aul

lsÍu i|yd myiqldrl;ajh imhkq ,efí'

iuia; úldY moaO;sh ;=< u iuia;hla

f,i nyqúONdjh w;am;a lr .ekSu ;yjqre

lrk iïnkaëlrKh lrk ,o uQf,damdhla

thg we;=<;a úh hq;= h' iajdëk n,m;a §fï

jHQyhg ixLHd; fnod §fï j.lSu yd fjk;a

;dlaIKsl idOl o ;sìh hq;= h'Z

fuu b;d jeo.;a ;Skaÿfjka fYa%IaGdêlrKh

úiska udOH nyqúONdjh o w.h ,§' ta

fufia h( zis;Sfï ksoyi yd iïnkaO uQ,sl

ysñlu we.hsh hq;= kï" fmdÿ m%Yak iïnkaO

m%udKj;a wdjrKhla ;sìh hq;= h' tlsfklg

m%;súreoaO woyiaj, ksoyia yd idOdrK

;r.hlg wjia:d ;sìh hq;= h' n,m;%

fjkqfjka fldkafoais meKùfuka m%ldYkfha

ksoyig ndOd fkd úh hq;= h' .%dylhkag

úúO oelauj,g m%fõYh ,nd foñka" ;uka

.ek is;ñka fm!oa.,sl f;aÍï lsÍug wjia:dj

,nd fok fia th Wiia úh hq;= h'Z

uQ,dY%h(

http://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/2472/en/sri-lanka:-athukorale-and-others-v.-attorney-general-of-sri-lanka

iajdëk úldY kshdukhl jHdc wdrïNh - 1997

uxcqidj

06


m%cd .=jkaúÿ,sh i|ydud¾f.damfoaY

nE m%cd udOH uOHia:dk my;

wdldrfha úh hq;= h'

l¾;D iajdëk;ajh ;sìh hq;= w;r meyeÈ,sj

u ,dn fkd ,nk fiajd úh hq;= h'

N+f.da,Sh fyda fjk;a iqúfYaI ksYaÑ;

m%cdjlf.a wjYH;djka fjkqfjka fiajd

iemhsh hq;= h'

l<ukdlrKh isÿ úh hq;af;a wod<

m%cdjf.a ksfhdackfhks'

fiajd imhkq ,nk m%cdjf.a wjYH;djkag

wkqj jevigyka ilia l< hq;= h'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( úoHq;a udOH úldY n,m;% l%uh úêu;a

lsÍug rch blauka mshjr .; hq;= h' th

újD;" ;r.ldÍ" idOdrK yd j.úh yels

l%shdj,shla úh hq;= h' iuia; l%shdj,sh

u l<ukdlrKh l< hq;af;a iajdëk

kshdulhl= úisks' th uyck úuiqug ,la

lsÍug yd woyia oelaùug meyeÈ,s l%u

;sìh hq;= h' 1992 isg wkq.ukh lrk

,o ys;j;alu u; wms<sfj,g n,m;% ,nd

fok l%uh yels blauKska wjika l< hq;=

h' n,m;% §fï l%uh m%ñ;slrKh l< hq;=

h' th oekg § we;s ish¨ n,m;%j,g;a

wod< l< hq;= h'

uxcqidj

07

ie


http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-development/community-media/

74

2 05 rch yd isú,a

iudc ixúOdk

l%shdldÍj m%cd udOH

m%j¾Okh lsÍu

hqfkiaflda ixúOdkhg wkqj" m%cd udOHj,

uQ,sl ,laIKh jkafka Tjqka fiajh lrk

m%cdjkag j. ùuhs' tajd mek kef.kafka ta

fjkqfjka jk uyck jHdmdr úiska foaYmd,k

yd jdksc we`.s,s.eiSïj,ska ksoyia j lghq;= lsÍu

i|yd lrk wr.,hla Tiafia h'74

m%cd udOH m%cdj ;=<" m%cdj fjkqfjka" m%cdj

ms<sn|" m%cdj úiska u mj;ajdf.k hhs' fuu

m%cdj .ula" k.rhla" Èia;%slalhla" ¥m;la jeks

N+f.da,Sh idOlhla úh yels h' tfiau" lsishï

wNs,dIhla fjkqfjka lghq;= lrk lKavdhula

úh yels h' tys§ Tjqka wksjd¾hfhka u lsishï

N+f.da,Sh l,dmhlg wh;a úh hq;= ke;'

úfYaIfhkau" m%cd .=jka úÿ,shg iudc

nyqúONdjh yd úúO;ajh fjkqfjka iqúi,a

jevfldgila bgq l< yels h' m%cd .=jka úÿ,s

uOHia:dk neyer lrkq ,enQ m%cd lKavdhï

j,g iyNd.Sùu i|yd fmdÿ wjldYhla

ks¾udKh lrhs'

Èjhsk mqrd úysÿKq m%cd mdol ixúOdk oyia

.Kkla yd cd,hka lsysmhla Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfí'

fndfyda fofkla m%cd udOH m%j¾Okh lrkafka

ke;' Bg fya;=j Tjqkag ìï uÜgfï udOH .ek

wjfndaOhla ke;s ùuhs'

tfy;a ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk nx.a,dfoaYh"

bkaÈhdj" bkaÿkSishdj" fkamd,h yd ms,smSkh

Y%S ,xldfõ

ienE m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh ke;

Y%S ,xldfõ m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh hkq

ieneúka u rch úiska mßmd,kh

lrkq ,nk tajd ñi m%cdj úiska

mj;ajdf.k hk tajd fkd fõ'

rch tys wka;¾.;h iïnkaOfhka

o md,khla mj;ajdf.k hhs'

^rch úfõpkhg bv ke;' m%cd

.=jka úÿ,sh lD;%su wkaoñka

wfoaYmd,kslj mj;ajdf.k hhs'&

jeks fjk;a wdishdkq rgj, we;eï m%cd mdol

ixúOdk úiska m%cd .=jka úÿ,s fiajd mj;ajdf.k

hkq ,efí' ixúOdk lsysmhla úiska m%cd

rEmjdyskS o wdrïN lr ;sfí' tu rgj, úoHq;a

hq


úldY kshduk l%uh rduqj ;=< tajdg wjia:dj

,efí' m%cd udOH osß .kajkq ,efí'

Y%S ,xldfõ ienE m%cd .=jka ú¥,s fiajd ke;s nj

o zm%cd .=jka ú¥,sh ms<sn`o ;sfnkafka ¥¾u;hla

nj o mejish hq;= h'

jir .Kkdjla ;siafia isÿ jk isú,a iudc

n,mEï ;sìh§" n,hg m;a jk wdKavq úiska

m%cd .=jka úÿ,s fiajdjka msysgqùug n,m;% ,nd

Èh yels yd tajd Èß .kajk kS;s iïmdokh

lr fkdue;' we;eï úYaj úoHd, yd Yla;su;a

mokula we;s isú,a iudc ixúOdk úiska m%cd

.=jka úÿ,s fiajd msysgqùug b,a,Sï lr ;sfnk

uq;a tajd id¾:l ù ke;'

uE; ld,fha§ we;eï mqrjeis lKavdhï úiska

rg mqrd úysÿKq fn%daânEkaâ cd, Ndú;d lrñka

iïmQ¾Kfhka u wka;¾cd,h u; mokï jQ

.=jkaúÿ,s fiajd wdrïN lsÍug W;aidy lr ;sfí'

WodyrK(

• fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha Y%Smd,s uKavmfha

ckudOH wOHhk isiqka úiska mj;ajdf.k

hk leïmia f¾äfhda

^www.campusradio.lk&• Wkkaÿj olajk msßila úiska mj;ajdf.k

hk f¾äfhda l¿;r

^www.radiokalutara.com&

• l=reKE.," wiajeoaÿu wNskjdrdu ixj¾Ok

moku úiska mj;ajdf.k hk keKi,

f¾äfhda

^www.nenasalaradio.lk&

úldY ;rx. fuka fkdj wka;¾cd,hg

wjldYfha ysÕhla ke;' tneúka iïm%odhsl

wre;ska úldYh kshdukh lsÍu ms<sn| ;¾l fjí

mdol f¾äfhdajg wod< jkafka ke;'

YS% ,xldfõ m%:u úYaj úoHd, .=jkaúÿ,s uOHia:dkh

- zzleïmia f¾äfhdaZZ fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha YS% md,s

uKavmfha§ wdrïN ùu


ks ¾ f oa Y ( m%cdjg ysñ yd m%cdj úiska mj;ajdf.k

hk ,nk m%cd .=jkaúÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS

uOHia:dk fjkqfjka úia;S¾K n,m;%

l%uhla iïmdokh l< hq;=h' th iajdëk

kshduk jHQyhla úiska kshdukh l<

hq;= h' fuys m%Odk b,lalhla jkafka

úoHq;a úldY lafIa;%h ;=< úúO;ajh yd

m%cd iyNd.s;ajh m%j¾Okh lsÍuhs' ta

fjkqfjka úoHq;a udOH moaO;sh ;=< m%cd

úldYlhka iïnkaO meyeos,s ks¾jpkhla

yd Tjqkag n,m;% ,nd §fï iqúfYaI kS;s

;sìh hq;= h' ta fjkqfjka ir, whÿïm;a

l%uhla ;sìh hq;= h' th fkdñf<a fyda

wvq uqo,lg ,nd Èh hq;= h' ish¨ n,m;%

l%shdj,s meyeÈ,s ks¾kdhl u; mokï

úh hq;= w;r kS;s l,ska iïmdokh l<

hq;= h' th újD; úh hq;= w;r uyck

iyNd.s;ajhg bv Èh hq;= h'

wvq iïfm%aIK n,hla iys; m%cd .=jka

ú¥,s úldY fjkqfjka ixLHd; mrdihla

fjka l< hq;= h' úúO ia:dkj, isg

ixLHd; Ndú;h Wmßu l< hq;= h'

tajd flfrys wên, iïfm%aIK úldY

ixLHd;j, n,mEu wju l< hq;= h'


1981§" iïmQ¾Kfhka u rchg wh;a Y%S ,xld

.=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj úiska uyje,s m%cd .=jka

úÿ,sh wdrïN lrk ,§' tys wruqK jQfha uyje,s

jHdmD;sh hgf;a mÈxÑ lrk ,o ck;djg

ikaksfõok wjYH;d iyfhda.h ,nd §uhs'

fjk;a rgj, w;aoelSï wkqidrfhka uyje,s m%cd

.=jka úÿ,sh úiska tys fiajd ,nd .kakd m%cdjf.a

iyNd.s;ajh Èkd .ekSug uQf,damdh ilik ,§'

hqfkiaflda ixúOdkfha" fvkaud¾la rcfha iy

fjk;a uQ,dY%j, iyfhda.fhka .srdÿrefldaÜfÜ"

fld;auf,a yd uybÆmam,a,u hk ia:dkj, .=jka

úÿ,s uOHia:dk msysgqjk ,È' m%cd iyNd.s;ajh

wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKhg wu;rj" iyNd.s;aj

.=jka úÿ,s l%u ms<snoj mqyqKq lsÍï i|yd o

,nd.kq ,eîh'

tfy;a" m%cd .=jka úÿ,s uOHia:dk i|yd

wLKavj iyfhda.h ,nd §ug Y%S ,xld .=jka

úÿ,s ixia:dj wiu;a jQ w;r 1990§ cd;Hka;r

wdOdr k;r ùfuka miq tu jHdmD;sh

mj;ajdf.k hdug fkd yels úh' tal ud¾.sl

ikaksfõokhg yqre ù isá Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s

ixia:dj ;=< m%cd .=jka úÿ,s udÈ,sh ckm%sh

fkd jQ nj ixia:dfõ ysgmq udOH m¾fhaIl iy

jevigyka ksYamdol tï'fca' wd¾' fâúâ miqj

jd¾;d lf<a h'

2003§ Y%S ,xldfõ jvd;a u wvq ixj¾ê;

Èia;%slalhla jk nÿ,af,ys m%cd .=jka úÿ,s

fiajdjla msysgqùug hqfkiafldaj iy tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok wruqo, wdOdr lf<a

h' m%cdjg ;ukaf.a m%Yak ms<sno .=jkaúÿ,s

jevigyka wvq msßjehla hgf;a äðg,a ;dCIKh

fhdodf.k ksYamdokhlr m%pdrh lsÍug bv

ie,iSu fuu W!j m%cd .=jkaúÿ,s uOHia:dkfha

b,lalh úh' ta fjkqfjka ;reK ksIamdolhka

20la yd iafõpPd fiajlhka 400la m%cd yd

iyNd.s;aj .=jka úÿ,s jevigyka ksIamdokh

i|yd mqyqKq lrk ,§'

uyje,s yd W!j m%cd .=jka úÿ,s fiajd ia:djrj

mj;ajd .; fkd yels úh' úfoaY wdOdr u;

´kEjg jvd hemSu tla ÿ¾j,;djhls' uyje,s

m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh miqj Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s

ixia:dj úiska mjrd .kakd ,o w;r fiajdjka

w;aysgqjk ,§'

Y%S ,xldfõ m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh( ñ:Hdj yd h:d¾:h

fuu m%cd .=jkaúÿ,s uOHia:dkhkays m%Odk

wvqmdvqjla jkafka tajd we;af;ka u m%cd mdol

fkd ùuhs' tajd ir, j .;fyd;a rdcH .=jka

úÿ,sfha .%dóh fiajd úh' mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ kd,l

.=Kj¾Ok 2003§ igyka lf<a fufia h( zfuu

.=jka úÿ,s ia:dk mj;ajdf.k hdfï§ Y%djlhkag

ld¾hNdrhla fkd ;sìKs' tajd l<ukdlrKh

lrkq ,enqfõ fld<U ks,OdÍkaf.a oeä md,kh

;=<hs' Tjqyq wka;¾.;h oeä f,i md,kh l<

y' foaYmd,kh ;ykï úh' rchg úreoaO woyia

ud;%hlaj;a m< l< fkd yels úh' m%cd .=jka

úÿ,sh hhs lSjdg tajd Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ

fldgila ñi m%cd .=jka úÿ,s fiajdjla fkd fõ'

m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh wruqKq lrkafka ksIamdokfha§"

;SrK .ekSfï§ yd uq,H iïmdokfha§ uyck

iyNd.s;ajh Èß.ekaùuhs' iEu wikakl= u iq¿

jYfhka fyda odhl ùug bv ;sìh hq;=hZ'

2012§ ;s,la chr;ak yd ir;a le,a,m; igyka

lf<a fufia h( zck;djg udOHhla ysñ lr

.ekSug kï" tu`.ska udOH ueÈy;aùï Tiafia

m%cd;dka;%sl ysñlï ia:dms; lsÍfï fõÈldjla

ielish hq;=h' wjdikdjlg fuka" Y%S ,xldfõ

m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh m%cdjg wh;a jQfha ke;' wh;a

jQfha idudkHfhka whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh

lrkakd jk rchghs'

tneúka ienE m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh Y%S ,xldfõ§

isyskhla úh' th h:d¾:hla njg m;a

l< yelafla .=jka úÿ,s ;rx. ieneúka u

m%cd;ka;%SlrKh lsÍfuks'Z

uQ,dY%(

ChapteronMahaweliCommunityRadiobyMJRDavidin:APassionforRadio,Ed.BruceGirard(2001).http://comunica.org/passion/contents.htm

DescriptionofUvaCommunityRadio(2003).TheCommunicationsInitiative.

http://www.comminit.com/global/content/uva-community-radio

RadiosuffersasColombobossescalltheshots.PanosFeatures,London.October2003.http://panos.org.uk/features/radio-suffers-as-colombo-bosses-call-the-shots/

ThePoliticalEconomyofElectronicMediainSriLanka.TilakJayaratneandSarathKellapotha.2012.http://goo.gl/uapyDM

uxcqidj

08


n,m;% iy úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d fjka lr §u

we

úoHq;a úldY n,m;% hkq úúO;ajh ,nd

.ekSfï l%uhls' tneúka tajd ,nd §fï§ fuu

idOlh .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h' úúO

iajrEmfha úldYlhkag idOdrK wkaoñka

n,m;% ,nd §u fuka u úldYh i|yd

m%udKj;a ;rï ixLHd; ,nd §u o jeo.;a h

^;r.ldÍ Ndú;djka i,lñka" úfYaIfhka u

úoHq;a iïfm%aIKh i|yd&

úoHq;a ixLHd; mrdih jkdys th Ndú;d lrk

úúO fiajdjkag ld¾hlaIu yd idOdrK m%fõYh

,efnk fia uekúka l<ukdlrKh l< hq;=

jákd ÿ,n iïm;ls'

jeä jk whÿïm;a ixLHdj fya;=fjka

ixLHd; Ndú;h ixlS¾K ù ;sfí' furg

úoHq;a úldY ixLHd; mrdi Ndú;h my;

wdldrhg j¾Okh úh'

• 1920 oYlfha§ wdrïN l< .=jka úÿ,s úldY

• wdrlaIl" uyck wdrlaIdj ^iduqo%sl" .=jka"

fmd,sia&" iïm;a l<ukdlrKh" m%jdykh

yd f¾äfhda ;drld úoHdj we;=<;a rdcH yd

m¾fhaIK Ndú;d

• uyckhdg imhkq ,nk jdKsc fiajd ^yv"

o;a;" .Dyia: cd,& iy

• ÿria: ffjoH úoHdj yd ÿria: md,l

fiajd we;=<;a l¾udka;" úoHd;aul yd

ffjoH fiajd

úoHq;a ixLHd; l<ukdlrKh hkq .=jka úÿ,s

ixLHd; ld¾hlaIu f,i Ndú;dj fjkqfjka

yd jvd m%Yia; iudc jdis ,nd.ekSu fjkqfjka

kshdukh lsÍfï l%shdj,shhs' .=jka úÿ,s ixLHd;

hkafkka idudkHfhka woyia jkafka /yeka

rys;j ixfoaY iïfm%aIKh i|yd fhdod .;

2 06 rcfha úoHq;a úldY

;rx.ud,d fjka lr §fï

ie,eiau úiska fmdÿ wNs,dIhka

i|yd m%Yia: Ndú;h

;yjqre lsÍu


zzY%S ,xldfõ úµq;a udOH n,m;%j,

lsisÿ fldkafoaishla i|yka fkdfõ'

n,m;%,dNSkag ;uka leu;s ´kEu

fohla l< yelsh' furg úoHq;a

;rx.ud,d nrm;, f,i wh:d

f,i l<ukdlrKh lsÍu ksid

±ka lsisÿ ;rx.ud,djla b;sß ù

fkdue;' úµq;a ;rx.ud,d fnod§

;sfnk wdldrh wms fyd¢ka okS'

uyck fmdÿ foam,la jk úµq;a

;rx.ud,d fyd¢ka l<ukdlrKh

lsÍu i|yd l%ufõo ;sfí' úµq;a

;rx.ud,d m%isoaêfha fjkafoais lsÍu

Y%S ,xldj i|yd uu fhdackd lrñ'

th ta ms<sn|j Wkkaÿjla olajk

md¾Yj j,g ñ, .Kka bÈßm;a

lsÍug;a rchg wruqo,a /ialr

.ekSug;a bv i,ihs'ZZ

- uydpd¾h frdydka iurÔj'

ysgmq wOHCI ckrd,a

úÿ,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñiu

^1998 - 1999&

yels 3kHz isg 300kHz olajd iïmQ¾K ixLHd;

mrdihghs' ixLHd; l<ukdlrKfha wruqK

jkafka .=jka úÿ,s ixLHd; ÿ¾j, ùu wju

lrñka Ndú;dj Wmßu lr .ekSuhs' rch hkq

.=jka úÿ,s ixLHd;j, Ndrlre h' rch th

l<ukdlrKh l< hq;af;a mdroDIH wdldrhghs'

iSñ; úoHq;a ixLHd; mrdih fjkqfjka ;r.

lrk úúO wxY fya;=fjka ú¥,s ixfoaY kshduk

fldñIu úiska cd;sl ixLHd; fjka lr oSfï

ie,eiaula wkq.ukh lrkq ,efí'

ixLHd; mejÍu hkq úfYaIs; Ndú;djka i`oyd

iqÿiq .=jka úÿ,s ixLHd; fyda kd,sld ixLHd;

bxðfkare uQ,O¾u" cd;sl kshduk m%;sm;a;s yd

cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s wkqj y÷kd .ekSuhs'

fuh Y%S ,xldfõ ksis mßÈ isÿ ù fkdue;' 1990

oYlfha§ úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d fm!oa.,sl wxYhg

ksoyia lsÍu isÿ jQ ld,fha mgka u" mqoa.,hkag

yd iud.ïj,g ixLHd; mjrkq ,enqfõ úêu;a

mámdáhlska f;drjhs' fï fya;=fjka iuia;

ixLHd; mrdih u t*a'tï' kd,sld j,ska msÍ

;sfí' we;eï wjia:dj,§ we;eï n,j;a wxY

úiska ixLHd; fjka lrf.k ;sfnk wdldrh o

oelsh yels h'

udOH wud;HdxYfhka n,m;%h ,nd .;a miq"

ish¨ .=jkaúÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS úldYlhka úiska

úÿ,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñifuka ish ixLHd;

fjka lr .; hq;= h' .=jka úÿ,s ixLHd; mrdih

md,kh yd l<ukdlrKh" ia:djr llaI.;


http://www.trc.gov.lk/spectrum-management/spectrum-management-in-sri-lanka.html

http://www.commonlii.org/lk/legis/num_act/slta25o1991337/

http://www.trc.gov.lk/frequency-licensing.html

TRCSLFrequencyreservationfeesgazettedon1November1999undertheSriLankaTelecommunicationsActNo25of1991:http://www.trc.gov.lk/images/stories/spectrum/Gazette.pdf

http://www.trc.gov.lk/frequency-assignments.html

78 7975 76

pkaøsld iïnkaO lghq;=" tu lghq;= yd iïnkaO

wjirhka bj;a lr .ekSu" w;aysgqùu yd ;ykï

lsÍu i|yd n,;, úÿ,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIu

i;= h'75 tu n,;, ysñ jkafka 1991 wxl 25 orK

Y%S ,xld úÿ,s ixfoaY mk; hgf;a h'76

n,m;% ,nd §ug wu;rj" úÿ,s ixfoaY

kshduk fldñIu úiska ixLHd; fjka lr

.ekSu" ,nd §u" ksÍlaIKh yd jd¾Isl w¨;a

lsÍu ms<sn| ud¾f.damfoaY o m%isoaO lr

;sfí'77 udOH iud.ulg úldY n,m;%hla

ksl=;a lsÍfuka miq" úÿ,s ixfoaY kshduk

fldñIu úiska ta ms<sn| ;dlaIK wjYH;d

ms<sno ;lafiare lr ksoyiaj ;sfnk

wjldYfhka ixLHd; ,nd fohs' udOH iud.

ug ixLHd; fjkqfjka f.ùula lsÍug kshu

fõ' th ,nd .kakd ixLHd; yd iïfma%IK

n,h wkqj ñ< kshu jk jd¾Isl .dia;=jls'78

ixLHd; fjka lr §fï ;dlaIKsl úia;r o

iu. u úÿ,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIfuys fjí

wvúfhys m< lrkq ,efí'79 fuu l%shdj,sh úiska

tu wjldYh uyck Wjukdjka wNs,dIhka

i|yd fhdod .efkk nj ;yjqre lrkafka ke;'

cd;sl yd iajdëk rEmjdyskS fiajdj, ysgmq

iNdm;sjrhl= jQ uydpd¾h Oïñl .x.dkd;a

Èidkdhl fufia mjihs( zwmf.a .=jka úÿ,s

ixLHd; mrdih j¾;udkfha§ l<ukdlrKh

lrkq ,nkafka úÿ,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIu

úisks' th fufyhjkafka flfia o hkak

uyck;dj okafka ke;' tys mdroDIHNdjhla

ke;' th fjkia úh hq;= h' wmg újD; yd

j.ùfuka hq;a úldY mrdi l<ukdlrK l%uhla

wjYH h' tfiau" wm wekf,d.a isg äðg,a

úldYh fj; udre jQ úg ;j;a md¾Yajj,g

wjia:dj ,efnkq we;' ta w;r" úYaj úoHd, yd

isú,a iudc lKavdhï o ;sìh yels h' th oekg

ckm%sh kd,sldj,g o wod< fõ'Z

uOH ld,Skj yd È.= ld,Skj úldY mrdi ÿ,n

nj ms<sn| ;¾lkh wod< fkdjk ;;a;ajhla we;s

nj wdpd¾h frdydka iurÔj mjihs' Tyq ;¾l

lrk mßÈ" “Y%S ,xldj fõ.fhka äðg,a úldYh

fj; hd hq;= h' tu`.ska oekg mj;sk mq¿,a

úldYhka jeä jeäfhka mgq úldYhka njg m;a

jkq we;' ta wka;¾cd,fha ÿ,n ke;s mrdihka

;=< h' j;auka .%dyl wdl¾Yk fufyhqï jeä

jeäfhka kj l%u fj; wkq.; jkq we;'

77


ks ¾ f oa Y ( fhdað; iajdëk úldY kshdul jHQyh

úiska rch yd úldY mrdi ie,iqï lr

fnod §u w;r ióm iïnkaëlrKhla

mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= h' tu`.ska úoHq;a

;rx.ud,d fjka lr §u idOdrK nj

;yjqre úh hq;= h' úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d

uyck fiajd" jdksc yd m%cd úldY w;r

idOdrK wkaoñka fnod Èh hq;= h'

úldY ;rx. mrdih hdj;ald,Sk

lsÍu újD;" isú,a iudcfha yd fjk;a

md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia ,nd .kakd

l%shdj,shla úh hq;= h' fuu l%shdj,sfhka

u;= jk ie,eiau ;=<g ixLHd; ud,d ^t*a

tï mrdih jeks& úúO úldYlhka w;r

fldgia lr fjka lr §ï o we;=<;a úh

hq;= h'fuu Wm fjka lsÍï fya;=fjka

úoHq;a úldYfha újO;ajh m%j¾Okh

lsÍfï wruqK bgq úh hq;= h' tu moaO;sh

mßiaifuka ie,iqï l< hq;= w;r by;

úia;r lrk ,o m%cd úldY n,m;% §fï

wruqKq iu. wkq.;j l%shd;aul úh hq;= h'

http://www.trc.gov.lk/spectrum-planning.html

TRCSLFrequencyassignmentprocedure,http://www.trc.gov.lk/frequency-assignments.html

80 81

2 07 rcfha úoHq;a

úldY m: fjka

lr §fï ie,eiau úiska

ysñldß;ajfha yd wka;¾.;fha

úúO;ajh m%j¾Okh lrkq

,eîu

iSud iys; ;rx. mrdihla fjkqfjka úúO

wxY .Kkdjla ;r. lrk ixo¾Nh ;=<

rch úiska cd;sl ixLHd; fjka lr §fï

ie,eiaula Ndú;d lrkq ,eìh hq;=h'

cd;Hka;r úÿ,s ixfoaY ix.uh kï tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a wdh;k úiska ixLHd; uekeúka

Ndú;d lsÍu i|yd f.da,Sh l%shdldÍ rduqj la

ilid ;sfí' tu`.ska ixLHd; fjka lr §u

l<ukdlrKh lsÍug m%ñ;s f.dvk.d we;s w;r"

fjka lr §fï f.da,Sh l%uh l<ukdlrKh

lrkq ,efí' cd;sl ie,eiau cd;Hka;r úÿ,s

ixfoaY ix.ufha kS;sj,g wkql+, úh hq;= w;r

rg ;=< ixLHd; uekeúka Ndú;d lrk nj

;yjqre l< hq;= h'

úÿ,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIfï fjí wvúh

mjik mßÈ zfldñIu úiska iudcfha fjkia

jk wjia:d ie,ls,a,g f.k mj;akd b,aÆug

.e,fmk mßÈ wjia:d iqrlaId lrhs' ta i|yd

ixLHd; mrdi ie,iqï ieliSfï§ ;dlaIKh kj

Ndú;djka Tiafia wÆ;a fhojqï fhdod .kshs'Z80

rcfha ;dlaIK ksfhdað;dh;khla f,i úÿ,s

ixfoaY kshduk fldñIu wruqKq lrkafka

ixLHd; zw;s kùk mrdi l<ukdlrK fuj,ï

Ndú;d lrñka cd;Hka;r jYfhka Ndú;d lrkq

,nk ks¾kdhl yd wjldY o;a; moku yd

mßmd,k o;a; mokï u; ld¾hlaIu yd M,odhS

wkaoñkaZ fjka lr §uhs'81

iS


http://www.trc.gov.lk/frequency-assignments-in-sound-fm-and-television-tv-broadcasting-in-sri-lanka.html

http://spectrum.trc.gov.lk/Broadcasting/FM/download/Gazette.pdf

82 83

by; ldrKfhka meyeÈ,s jkafka b;d fyd`o

;dlaIKsl m%fõYhla fhdackd lrk njhs' tfy;a

m%dfhda.sl Ndú;fha§ th udOH nyqúONdjh

fyda ish,a, wka;¾.; lr .kakd jQ f;dr;=re

iudchla fyda m%j¾Okh lsÍfï ,d fmdÿ foam,la

jk ixLHd; mrdih Ndú;d lsÍfuys ,d wjYH

mq¿,a oelau imhkafka ke;' tjeks u.fmkaùula

l< hq;=j ;sfnkafka by< ueosy;aùulsks'

2015 uehs 01od isg .=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS úldY

i|yd ixLHd; ,nd fok wdldrh úÿ,s ixfoaY

kshduk fldñifuys fjí wvúfha m< lr

;sfí'82

ixLHd; Ndú;h fjkqfjka Y%S ,xld úÿ,s ixfoaY

kshduk fldñIu úiska jd¾Isl .dia;=jla wh

lrkq ,efí' j¾;udk .dia;= 1999 fkdjeïn¾

01od .eiÜ ksfõokh u`.ska oekqï § 1999

fkdjeïn¾ 5od isg l%shd;aul fõ' fuu .dia;=

ms<sn| úuid ne,Sfï§ jdKsc yd jdKsc fkdjk

ixLHd; Ndú;djka w;r .dia;= fjkila fkdue;s

nj fmfka' iyk .dia;= ke;' WodyrKhla f,i

uyck fiajd fyda m%cd úldYlhka i|yd iyk

.dia;= fkdue;'83

ks ¾ f oa Y ( úldY ;rx. mrdih hdj;ald,Sk

lsÍu újD;" isú,a iudcfha yd fjk;a

md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia ,nd .kakd

l%shdj,shla úh hq;= h' fuu l%shdj,sfhka

u;= jk ie,eiau ;=<g ixLHd; ud,d ^t*a

tï mrdih jeks& úúO úldYlhka w;r

fldgia lr fjka lr §ï o we;=<;a úh

hq;= h' fuu Wm fjka lsÍï fya;=fjka

úoHq;a úldYfha újO;ajh m%j¾Okh

lsÍfï wruqK bgq úh hq;= h' tu moaO;sh

mßiaifuka ie,iqï l< hq;= w;r by;

úia;r lrk ,o m%cd úldY n,m;% §fï

wruqKq iu. wkq.;j l%shd;aul úh hq;= h'

úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d kï fmdÿ iïm;

uyck wNs,dI fjkqfjka úldYh

yd úÿ,s ixfoaYkh i|yd uekeúka

l<ukdlrKh l< hq;= h' Y%S ,xld úÿ,s

ixfoaY kshduk fldñIu ish¨ Wkkaÿj

olajk md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia ,nd

.ksñka cd;Hka;r hy Ndú;djla Tiafia

úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d Wmßu whqßka Ndú;d

lsÍu i|yd meyeÈ,s oelaula iy cd;sl

ie,eiaula ilia l< hq;= h'

rch úiska úldY lafIa;%fha ysñldß;aj

j¾.j, úúO;ajh m%j¾Okh l< hq;= h' ta

i|yd fm!oa.,sl ysñldß;ajh we;s jdksc

úldY" l¾;D iajdëk;ajh iys; uyck

fiajd úldY yd iajdëk m%cd úldY hk

;, ;=k wkq.ukh l< yels h'


2 08 iajdëk yd mdroDIH

kshduk moaO;shla

jdëk;ajh yd úksúo fmfkkiq¿Ndjh

flfia fj;;a" úldY n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu

i`oyd úêu;a l%ufõohla fkdue;'

j¾;udkh olajd u úldY n,m;% ksl=;a

lrk l%uh wúêu;a h' wia:djr h' th ksis

mßÈ f,aLk .; jkafka o ke;' tys lsisÿ

mdroDIHNdjhla o ke;'

.=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS n,m;% ,nd §fï§ 1992

isg kS;s ;=kla Ndú;d flf¾'

• 1966 wxl 37 oK Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s

ixia:d mk;

fuh uq,ska u ilikq ,enqfõ tjlg

mej;s .=jka úÿ,s fomd¾;fïka;=j rchg

wh;a .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj njg m;a lsÍu

i|yd h' tys 44 j.ka;sh úiska ;ju;a

ckudOH wud;Hjrhd fm!oa.,sl .=jka

úÿ,s uOHia:dk msysgqùfï§ n,m;% ksl=;a

lsÍfï wêldßjrhd f,i oelafõ'

• 1992 wxl 6 orK Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS

ixia:d mk;

fuh u`.ska cd;sl rEmjdysksh ms<sno

úia;r lrhs' tys 17" 28 yd 30 hk

j.ka;sj, n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu yd fjk;a

rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl rEmjdyskS úldY

uOHia:dk ms<sno kS;s ioyka fõ'

• 1991 wxl 25 orK úÿ,s ixfoaY mk;

zzmq¿,a mrdihl me;sreKq iajdëk

iy iaj;ka;% udOH l¾udka;hla

mej;Sug iqÿiq iy m%udKj;a

kshdukhka ta i|yd wjYH fõ'

tuÕska udOH ksoyi iy;sl jkjd

muKla fkdj ksoyi iy ffk;sl

whs;Ska iy iudÔh Wjukdjka

w;r ;=,khla we;sl< yelsh'

l%shdYS,S iy Yla;su;a m%cd;ka;%jd§

l%shdj,shla i|yd rch úiska úµq;a

udOH i|yd iajdëk kshduk

wdh;khla msysgqúh hq;=h' l:d

lsÍfï ksoyi iqrCIs; lsÍug kï

rcfha wruqo,a iy wêlrK n,h

iSudiys; jQjo iajdëk kshduk

wdh;kh rcfha n,mEfuka neyer

jQjla úh hq;=h'ZZ

- úµq;a udOH kshdukh i|yd

ud¾f.damfoaY

hqfkiafldaj iy fmdÿ rdcH

uKav,Sh úµq;a udOH ix.uh'

(CBA), 2006.http://otp.unesco-ci.org/training-resource/film-production/guidelines-broadcasting-regulation

yd 1996 wxl 27 orK úÿ,s ixfoaY

^ixfYdaOk& mk;

fuu`.ska úÿ,s ixfoaY fiajd mq¿,a ia


AnInvestigationintotheClosureofCBNSatandImplicationsforSriLankanBroadcastMedia.2006.RuhaDevanesan.http://www.cpalanka.org/n-investigation-into-the-closure-of-cbnsat-and-implications-for-sri-lankan-broadcast-media/

Grunnet,Henrik,LebbeYakoob,Umar&WeissLaRs“AssessmentoftheneedforaRadioandTVjournalisttrainingunitinSriLanka,”TheSriLankaPressInstitute(SLPI)April2005.

Legal,IndustryandEducationalReformsPertainingtothePrintMedia.2012paperbyKishaliPinto-Jayawardena&GehanGunetilleke.MediaReformSriLankawebsite.http://goo.gl/wObuRv

84 85 86

f,i w¾:l:kh lrhs' ta wkqj úÿ,s

ixfoaY hkq ´kEu ix{d fyda ix{d

moaO;shla Ndú;dfjka ,nd fok

zixfoaYhsZ' th ix.S;h" idlÉPd" l;d"

foaYk" fõÈld bÈßm;a lsÍï" f,aLk"

Pdhd msgm;a" ms<sìUq" msx;+r úldYh

fyda hka;% yd WmlrK md,kh

l% shdfjys fhoùu úh yels h'

fuu lsisÿ kS;shla mkjd ;sfnkafka nyq;ajjd§

udOH lafIa;%la ìys lsÍug fkd fõ'

úoHq;a udOH úldYh iïnkaO isoaê wOHhkhl

^CBNSat& tla m¾fhaIlhl= úiska igyka lr

;sfnk wdldrhg zY%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:d

mkf;a yd rEmjdyskS ixia:d mkf;a úúO úldY

;dlaIK l%u yd tajd kS;s.; whqßka mj;ajdf.k

hdu i|yd ,nd .; hq;= n,m;% .ek úia;r

jkafka b;d u| jYfhks'Z84

fuu ;;a;ajh úiska m%ldYkfha ksoyig

yd udOH nyqúONdjhg nrm;, .eg¿ we;s

lrkq ,efí' 2005§ lrk ,o udOH lafIa;%

;lafiarejl§ i|yka jQ wdldrhg zwNsu;h wkqj

isÿ jk úldY n,m;% l%uh iïmQ¾Kfhka u

mdroDIHNdjfhka" j.ùfuka yd ia:djrNdjfhka

f;dr h' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" we;eï l¾;D

uKav, ia:djrhka udOH ysñlrejkaf.a yd

ixialdrljrekaf.a foaYmd,k m%uqL;djka wkqj

isÿ úh yels wjodkï ;;a;ajhla ;sfí'Z85

kS;s úYaf,aIl lsId,s mskafgd chj¾Ok yd

kS;s{ f.ydka .=K;s,l úiska 2012§ fufia

igyka lrk ,§( zjeä ÿrg;a 44^4& j.ka;sh

úiska" tjeks úldY uOHia:dk tys ixhq;sh

yd jevigyka iajNdjh me;af;ka mj;sk

wdldrh md,kh lsÍu i|yd weu;sjrhdg mq¿,a

n,;, ,nd fohs' tfiau" th u`.ska udOH u;

wêl rdcH md,khla we;s jk njg o úfõpk

t,a, fõ' tneúka" fm!oa.,sl úldYlhkag

n,m;a ,nd §u md,kh lsÍug iajdëk úldY

wêldßhla msysgqùu i|yd n,mEï lKavdhï

úiska il%shj n,mEï lr ;sfí' tys wruqK

jkafka Y%S ,xldfõ udOHj,g rdcHfha

mámdáuh yd m%dudKsl n,mEïj,ska ksoyiaj

lghq;= lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §uhs'Z86

kS;s{ fca'iS' je,swuqK g%dkaiafmarkais

bkag¾keIk,a wdh;kfha ysgmq úOdhl

wOHlaIjrhd h' Tyq jrla úia;r l< mßos Y%S

,xldfõ .=jka úÿ,s ixLHd; ,nd §fï l%shdj,sh

oejeka; ¥IKhls' tys§ ksoiqka f,i Tyq 2011

ud¾;= 7od wdrïN lrk ,o ld,agka l%Svd cd,h

kï fm!oa.,sl l%Svd kd,sldj fmkajd ÿkafka

h' ysgmq ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaIf.a fofjks

mq;dg yd Tyqf.a jHdmdr i.hkag whs;s fuu

kd,sldjg úldY n,m;%hla muKla fkdj

;r.ldÍ ñ< leoùulska f;drj Y%S ,xld l%slÜ

wdh;kfha ;r. úldY whs;sh o jir ;=kla

i|yd ,nd fok ,§'87

https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/surrendering-airwaves-and-liberty-to-nepotism/

87


ish¨ n,m;% l%shdj,s yd ixLHd; fjka lr

§ï meyeÈ,s ks¾kdhl u; mokï úh hq;=

h' kS;s l,ska ilid uyck iyNd.s;ajhg

újD; l< hq;= h'

87

ks ¾ f oa Y (

úµq;a pqïnl úlsrKh


j.=j 1 ( Y%S ,xldfõ udOH kshduk l%shdldÍ rduqj - ixlaIsma;j

wka;¾.; $

úldY ysñlï

wod< kS;sh ieleiau $ wdjrKh kshduk wêldßh ,nd fok ysñlï

cd;sl udOH

m%;sm;a;sh

udOH yd úldYhg

iïnkaO m%;sm;a;s

ckudOH

wud;HdxYh

udOH $ wka;¾.; $

úldY ysñlï

1996 wxl 27 hgf;a

ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o

1991 wxl 25 orK Y%S

,xld úÿ,s ixfoaY

mk;

.=jka úÿ,s ixLHd;

iïfma%IKh yd

úldYh iïnkaO

fufyhqï yd wdh;k

yd iïnkaO kS;shls'

Y%S ,xld úÿ,s ixfoaY

kshduk fldñIka

iNdj

ixLHd;

ysñlï

1966 wxl 37 orK Y%S

,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:d

mk;

úldY wka;¾.;h

kshdukh lsÍfï

kS;s yd fr.=,dis

udOH wud;HxYh

Wmqgd .ekSu: RoadmapfortheTransitionfromAnaloguetoDigitalTerrestrialTelevisionBroadcastinginSriLanka(ITU,2012)


úldY kS;s ms<sno md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia

zz.=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS úldYh .;a úg"

rfÜ ixLHd; mrdih iSñ; h' th fmdÿ

foam,ls' ixLHd; lsisÿ úldYlhl=f.a

foam,la fkd fõ' uf.a oelau wkqj" rch

fuu foamf,ys Ndrlre f,i l< hq;= jkafka

tajd noaog yd l=,shg §uhs' lsis lf,l th

iïmQ¾K N=la;shg fkd Èh hq;= h' ksoiqkla

f,i ixLHd; uyrdcd iud.ug úl=Kd we;s

wdldrh wkqj tajd mrïmrd .Kkdjla Ndú;d

l< yels h'

oekg mj;sk kS;s w;ßka Yla;su;a u kS;sh

jkafka úÿ,s ixfoaY mk;hs' wms uyck úldY

mk; yd äðg,a úldY mk; ^2010 - 2014 iufha§&

flgqïm;a lf<uq' th kS;s.; l< hq;= h'ZZ

pß; fyar;a"

ckudOH yd f;dr;=re wud;HdxYfha ysgmq

f,alï ^2012 - 14&

zzY%S ,xldfõ úoHq;a úldY n,m;% ,nd §u isÿ

jkafka w; háka fok m%;sm;a;shlg h' th

w;sYh wúêu;a h' tneúka th iïmQ¾Kfhka

u m%;sixúOdkh l< hq;=j ;sfí' bkaÈhdj

ksoiqklg .kak' úldY n,m;% §fï§ trgg

mdroDIH l%uhla ;sfí' bkaÈhdfõ úldY

n,m;% Y%S ,xldfõ fuka wjidkh újD;

tajd fkd fõ' tajd fokafka ksYaÑ; ld,

mßÉfþohlg h' meyeÈ,sj olajk ,o n,m;%

fldkafoais ;sfí' tajd lv l<fyd;a ´kEu

fudfyd;l n,m;% wdmiq ,nd .; yels h'

Y%S ,xldfõ úldY n,m;% fokafka kElug"

hd¿lug fyda foaYmd,k iïnkaO;d u; h'

oeka wmf.a ixLHd; wjika fjñka ;sfí'

we;eï rgj, ixLHd; wf,ú lrkafka m%isoaO

fjkafoaisfha h' by< u ñ< bÈßm;a lrkakdg

th ñ< § .; yels h'

we;eï udOH iud.ï m%ldYkfha ksoyi wj

Ndú;d lr;s' ;ukag wjYH foa m%ldY lrjd

.ekSu m%ldYkfha ksoyfiys uq¿ wre; fkd

fõ' ol=Kq wm%sldfõ yd bkaÈhdfõ wdo¾Y

u; f.dvk.k ,o úldY wêldßhla Y%S

,xldjg wjYH h'ZZ

iuka w;djqofyÜá"

w.ue;sjrhdf.a w;sf¾l f,alï ^udOH&

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wêldrh l=vd fufyhqïlrejka msßila

úiska fufyhjkq ,nk fj<ofmd<l

l;smhdêldrhlg hg;a lr ;sfí' fuh

iudchg jdisodhl ;;a;ajhla fkd fõ' fuu

we;eï fufyhqïlrejka W;aidy lrkafka

uyck;dj uq.aO;ajfha .s,ajkakg h' kj

f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï mk; b;d jeo.;a

jkafka fuu ;;a;ajh ;=<hs'

ud is;k mßÈ" wmg rdcH udOH kï

m%j¾.h wjYH fkdfõ' wo jk úg úldY

n,m;%50la muK ksl=;a lr ;sfí' tfy;a"

wmg ;sfnkafka rdcH udOH yd fm!oa.,sl

udOH muKs' úldY ;rx. hkq fmdÿ foam,ls'

th ;yjqre lrk kvq ;Skaÿjla o ;sfí'

tfy;a" lsisÿ fmdÿ ixúOdkhlg úldY

;rx. ysñldr;ajh ,eî ke;' th b;d jerÈ

;;a;ajhls' iajdëk isú,a iudc lKavdhïj,g

o úldY n,m;% yd udOH kd,sld ,nd .ekSfï

wjia:dj ;sìh hq;= h'ZZ

;s,sK iuriQßh"

wOHlaI - mqyqKq yd úfoaY iïnkaO;d" Y%S ,xld

.=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj


nÿ yd jHdmdr ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu

wE

AsnotedintheColomboDeclarationonMediaFreedomandSocialResponsibility(2008),section8.http://www.pccsl.lk/sites/default/files/Colombo%20Declaration%202008%20%28English%29.pdf

88

2 09 rch nÿ yd

jHdmdr kshdukh

udOH ixj¾Okh Èß

.ekaùu i|yd iudkd;au;d

mokulska Ndú;d

lrkafkao@

k;a jHjidh fuka u udOH iud.ï

o rcfha iud.ï f,alï ld¾hd,fha

,shdmÈxÑ úh hq;= h' ta wkqj wkq.

ukh l< hq;=j ;sfnk l%shdj,sh o ta yd

iudk h' ú.Kkh lrk ,o .sKqï jd¾;dj

iu. jd¾Isl jd¾;dj bÈßm;a l< hq;= h'

we;eï isú,a iudc lKavdhï mqKHdh;k

f,i ,shdmÈxÑ ù we;s w;r we;efula

iSudiys; iud.ï f,i iud.ï f,alï

ld¾hd,fha ,shdmÈxÑ fjhs'

udOH iud.ïj,g udOH ùu ksid úfYaIs; nÿ

iyk ,efnkafka ke;' mqj;am;a uqÿK lvodis"

uqo%K ;Ska; yd úldY WmlrK fjkqfjka úfYaI

iyk o ke;' we;eï úg rdcH udOH wdh;j,g

nÿ iyk ysñ fõ ^úfYaIfhka u oaúmd¾Yaùh

tl`.;djka u; WmlrK ,efnk úg&'

jir .Kkdjla ;siafia udOH iud.ï yd

l%shdldßlhka úiska uqo%K lvodisj, wêl

ñ<" úúO wdkhk yd fjk;a nÿ wd§ udOH

fufyhqïj,g yd wd¾:sl yelshdjg n,mdk

há;, myiqlï ms<sn`o wjOdrKh lrñka ;sfí'

udOH ksoyi yd iudc j.lSu ms<sno fld<U

m%ldYkfha ^2008& oelafjk wdldrhg" tu

jljdkqfõ§ Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;l ksIamdok

úhofuka 55-65] w;r jeh fjkafka uqøK

lvodis fjkqfjks' tfy;a ngysr rgj, th 25-

30] w;r h'88

fj


SriLankaTVindustryhitbypenaltax.StorybyLankaBusinessOnline(LBO)on7July2007,nowarchivedat:https://shaqmark.wordpress.com/2007/07/08/sri-lanka-tv-industry-hit-by-penal-tax/

89

udOHj,g nÿ iyk jeks úfYaI ie,ls,s ;sìh

hq;= o hkak iïnkaOfhka talu;sl;ajhla ke;'

th rchg udOH u; n,mEï isÿ l< yels ;j;a

wdldrhlehs we;efula i,l;s' Tjqkaf.a ia:djrh

jkafka udOHj,g o wfkl=;a l¾udka;j,g

mßoafoka u ie,lsh hq;= njhs' úfYaIs; iyk fyda

úfYaIs; nrla ,nd fkd Èh hq;= h'

tfy;a" uE; jirj,§ rch úiska udOH yd úÿ,s

ixfoaY l¾udka; fjkqfjka mkjd ;sfnk nÿ

iudcfha l;dnyg ,la ù ;sfí'

wdkhksl wka;¾.;hka fjkqfjka 2006§ mkjk

,o u;fNaod;aul yd widOdrK wdkhk noao

u`.ska úldYlhka lsysm fofkl=g oeä n,mEula

we;s úh' wka;¾.;h wdkhkh lrkq ,nk

rg wkqj" rchg wdkhk nÿ f.úh hq;= úh'

jdkscuh jYfhka t;rï Yla;su;a fkd jQ úldY

wdh;kj,g tjeks wka;¾.;hka wdkhkh lsÍu

yd tajd úldYh lsÍfï§ ta fjkqfjka jehjQ msßjeh

oekaùï wf,úfhka wdmiq ,nd .ekSu ÿIalr úh'

fuu ixrlaIKjd§ noao ngysr rgj,ska

wdkhkh lrk ,o bx.%Sis NdId wka;¾.;hkag

fuka u bkaÈhdfjka f.kajk fou< yd yskaÈ

wka;¾.;hkag o n,mEfõ h' fï fya;=fjka Y%S

,xldfõ nyq ixialD;sl fma%laIlhkag ,efnk

wka;¾.;hkaf.a úúO;ajh wvq jQjd muKla

fkdj" we;eï l=vd rEmjdyskS kd,sld jid oeóu

fya;=fjka /lshd ÿisï .Kkdjla o ke;s úh'89

tu kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfuka oYlhlg muK miq

udOH l¾udka;fha tla m%Odk fufyhqïlrejl=

zzY%S ,xld rch rEmjdysksfha fmkajk

isxy,g y~ ljk ,o úfoaY

Ñ;%mgj,g" jevigykaj,g meh

Nd.hlg re' 25"000 isgre' 90"000

olajd nÿ wh lrhs'

úfoia rEmjdyskS oekaùïj,g jirlg

re' 500"000l noaola mkjhs' bx.%Sis

fkd jk úfoaY jevigykaj, noao

jeä h'ZZ

- US Trade Representative (USTR) National Trade Estimate Report on Sri Lanka, 2013https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/2013%20NTE%20Sri%20Lanka%20Final.pdf


úiskalrk ,o ;lafiarej wkqj ta jk úg Tjqka

remsh,a ì,shkhla muK rchg nÿ f.jd ;sìKs'

uq,ska mejiqfõ tu wdodhu foaYSh rEmjdyskS

wka;¾.;hka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug fhdojk njhs'

tfy;a" tu wruqo, Ndú;d l< wdldrh ms<sno

úia;r bÈßm;a lr fkdue;'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( rch úiska ;dlaIKhka fjkqfjka nÿ

mekùu fkd l< hq;= h ^Wod( cx.u

ÿrl:k yd flan,a rEmjdyskS muKla

b,lal lsÍu&' th úfYaIs; ;dlaIKhka"

iud.ï yd Tjqkaf.a mdßfNda.slhka

iïnkaOfhka widOdrK f,i ie,lSula

úh yels h'


This is based on ‘rack rates’ for above-the-line media only. According to an industry leader, in reality the advertising industry (print, radio and TV) is around LKR 30 billion. Digital advertising in 2014 was worth around LKR 1 billion, but this amount is steadily increasing.

2 10 rch rcfha fjf<|

m%pdrK m%;sm;a;sh

;=<§ fjkia ie,lSï

fkdlsÍu

f<| ±kaùï m%pdrKh Y%S ,xldfõ

uqøs; yd úoHq;a úldY udOH j,

úYd,;u yd jeo.;a u wdodhï ud¾.

hhs' udOH l¾udka; ksÍlaIl kS,aika Y%S ,xld

iud.u úiska ;lafiare lr ;sfnk mßÈ udOHj,

fjf<| m%pdrK úhou 2014§ re' ì,shk 77la úh'90

rcfha fomd¾;fïka;=" ixia:d" jHjidh" wêlrK

moaO;sh yd ikakoaO yuqod we;=<;a rch hkq

;ju;a Y%S ,xldfõ úYd,;u oekaùï m< lrkakd

h' th iuia; oekaùï m%pdrKfhka 30]la nj

tla l¾udka; uQ,dY%hl ioyka fõ' tfy;a" fuu

jákdlu jißka jirg fjkia fõ'

úúO udOH wdh;kj,g oekaùï ,nd §fï§

rch lghq;= lrkafka úIu;d we;s jk mßÈ h'

wf,úh fyda .%dyl m%;spdr fkd ;ld rcfha

uqøs; yd úoHq;a úldY udOH j,g jeä oekaùï

m%udKhla ,nd fohs'

;j;a .eg¨ iy.; lreKla jkafka fm!oa.,sl

udOH fj; n,mEï we;s lsÍfï l%uhla f,i

wdKavq úiska rcfha oekaùï Ndú;d lr ;sfnk

wdldrhhs' rcfha oekaùï lmamdÿ lrkq we;ehs

;¾ckh ksrka;rfhka u mj;S' tfy;a" tfia lr

;sfnkafka l,d;=rlsks'

risld ufkdanqoaê" w¾cqk rKjk yd laIud

rKjk úiska 2014§ fmkajd § we;s wdldrhg"

zrch;a iu. wkq.; j lghq;= lrkq yer fjk;a

fjf<| ±kaùïlrKh

b

90

fj


Sri Lanka’s media, five years after the end of war. By Rasika Manobuddhi, Arjuna Ranawana and Kshama Ranawana. Groundviews.org 13 May 2014. http://groundviews.org/2014/05/13/sri-lankas-media-five-years-after-the-end-of-war/

91

úi`ÿula fm!oa.,sl udOHj,g ke;' rch

wd¾:slfhka 70]la md,kh lrk w;r úYd,;u

;ks oekaùïlrejd h' bkaÈhdfõ fuka wf,ú

ixLHdf,aLk wkqj idOdrK wkaoñka oekaùï

fn§ hk wdldrhg rcfha oekaùï kshdukh

lsÍfï kS;s ,xldfõ ke;' fm!oa.,sl udOHj,

w; weUÍu l,l isg ;sfnk iq,n Ndú;djls'

rch wukdm lr .kakd ´kE u fm!oa.,sl udOH

wdh;khlg ,nd fok oekaùï lmd yßkq ,efí'

th iud.fï m%Odk wdodhï ud¾.hla ksid bka

miq iud.ug ish meje;au /l .ekSu ÿIalr fõ'

tfyhska ishÆ m%Odk jHdmdrj,g rch iu.

lghq;= lsÍu ñi fjk;a úl,amhla ke;' rch

úfõpkh lrk udOH wdh;kj,g oekaùï ,nd

fkd fok f,i úYd, mßudK jHdmdrj,g

n,mEï l< wjia:d ;sfí'Z91

rdcH wdh;kj, wruqo,a Ndú;d lrñka

foaYmd,lhka yd foaYmd,k jHdmD;s m%j¾Okh

lsÍu miq.sh wdKavqj hgf;a fmr fkd jQ úrE

;rï by< ke.sKs' ckdêm;s moúhg m;a ù flá

ld,hlg miq ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak

fuu Ndú;dj k;r lrkakehs rdcH wdh;kj,g

Wmfoia ÿkafka h'

ì,shk

fjf<| ±kaùï úhou - YS% ,xldj(

2014 jif¾§ re'ì,shk 77 la

uQ,dY%h: NielsenBased on monitored activities & rate card cost

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

4

54

55

76

6

6

7

8

1012

1315

16

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3640

4549

55

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

uqøs; f¾äfhda àùjir


rcfha wdh;k úiska mqj;am;a oekaùï iSud lsÍu

uqo,a wud;HdxYh úiska 2015 ckjdß

29 Èk md¾,sfïka;=jg bÈßm;a lrk ,o

wka;¾ld,Sk whjeh fhdackdj, my; i|yka

lreKq wvx.= úh'

9'43 foaYmd,k m%pdrh msKsi rcfha wdh;k

úiska mqj;am;aj, m< lrkq ,nk oekaùï

fndfyda úg wêl nj fmfka' foaYmd,k

wruqKq iys;j tfia m< lrkq ,nk

oekaùï fndfyda úg we;s lrkafka rcfha

úhoïj,g nrla muKla nj fmfka'

9'44 foaYmd,ksl oekaùï mqj;am;aj, m<

lsÍu wud;HdxY yd fomd¾;fïka;= úiska

jyd k;r l< hq;= nj uu fhdackd lrñ'

iqúfYaI wjia:dj,§ tajd m< l< yelafla

wod< wud;HdxYfha f,alïjrhdf.a

wkque;sh u; h'

9'45 rcfha wdh;kj, iNdm;sjre yd

wOHlaIjre tjeks oekaùï mqj;am;aj,

m< lsÍfuka je<lsh hq;=jd muKla fkdj

wkjir oekaùï fjkqfjka jk úhoï

iïnkaOfhka fm!oa.,slj j. lsj hq;= o

fõ' Tjqka tajd wkqu; lr ;sfí kï" tu

úhoï Tjqka úiska oeßh hq;= h'

9'46 le,ekavr" Èkfmd;a wdÈfhys

foaYmd,lhka fmkS isák PdhdrEm yd

fjk;a foa" tajd uqøKh lrkafka rcfha

wdh;k úiska kï" wkd.;fha§ ;ykï

jkq we;'

uQ,dY%h( http://www.treasury.gov.lk/images/depts/fpd/docs/budgetspeech/2015-jan29/InterimBudget2015-20150129-eng.pdf (page 39)

ks ¾ f oa Y ( rcfha oekaùï úêúOdk ishÆ rdcH

ksfhdað;dh;kj,g yd rchg wh;a

iud.ïj,g wod< jk ud¾f.damfoaY

lÜg,hla u`.ska kshdukh úh hq;=

h' tu`.ska wfmaalaIs; mdGl m%cdj u;

oekaùï ,nd fok ks¾Kdhl ielish hq;=

h' tjeks ud¾f.damfoaY wjYH jkafka

rdcH oekaùï wkq.%yh ,nd §fï§ oekg

mj;sk fjkia fldg ie,lSfï Ndú;djka

ÿr,Sug yd rdcH wxYfha oekaùï udOH

wdh;kj,g idOdrK yd úIhuQ,sl

mokulska fnod §u i|yd h'

udOH wdh;kj,g n,mEï yd ;¾ck lsÍu

fjkqfjka rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl fjf<|

m%pdrKhka Ndú;d lsÍu iïnkaOfhka

udOH wud;HdxYh kS;suh iSud yd ov

mekúh hq;= h'

uxcqidj

9

uq


Why regulate advertising? European Advertising Standards Alliance (EASA): http://www.easa-alliance.org/page.aspx/165

http://www.sundaytimes.lk/061203/FinancialTimes/ft313.html

http://documents.gov.lk/Acts/1980/Act%20No.26/Act26%28E%29-1980.pdf

92 93

2 11 udOHj, fjf<|

m%pdrKh md,kh

lsÍfï ld¾hlaIu

kshdukhla

M,odhS ùu i|yd fjf<| m%pdrKh

úiska mdßfNda.slhkaf.ka by<

fmf<a úYajdihla Èkd .; hq;= h' th

kS;Hdkql+," úkS;" wjxl yd i;H.rel úh

hq;= h' oekaùï úiska mdßfNda.slhka fkd u.

hjkafka kï" Tjqka tajd kej; ñ< § fkd .kq

we;' oekaùu mdßfNda.slhkag f.dapr fkdjkafka

kï Tjqka tu NdKav ñ< § fkd.kshs'

krl oekaùï f,i ie,flkafka b;d iq¿

m%;sY;hla jqjo" tu`.ska mdßfNda.sl úYajdih

m¿ÿ fjhs' fjf<| m%pdrK l%shdj,shg ydks

meñfKhs' tneúka m%pdrKh uekúka kshdukh

lr .ekSu oekaùï l¾udka;fha j.lSuls'

iïm%odhslj" fï i|yd l%u folla ;sfí'

tlla kï rch úiska iïu; lr .kakd

kS;s ud¾.fhka tfia lsÍuhs' wfkl jkafka

iajhx kshdukhhs'92

Y%S ,xldfõ oekaùï l¾udka;h iuia;hla f,i

kshdukh lsÍu i|yd meyeÈ,s l%uhla ke;' oekaùï

m%ñ;s wêldßhla fyda iajhx kshduk hdka;%Khla

fkdue;' wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla o ke;'

mdßfNda.sl wdrlaIK kS;s ;sfnk uq;a tajd

l%shd;aul lrùu ÿ¾j, h' oekaùï úiska we;eï úg

uyck;dj mdúÉÑ lrkq ,efí' úfYaIs; NdKav yd

fiajd iïnkaO oekaùï j,g iqúfYaIfhka wod<

jk kS;s oekg mj;skafka w,amhls'

WodyrK(

• 2006 wxl 27 orK ÿïfld< yd u;ameka

cd;sl wêldß mk; úiska u;ameka yd

ÿïfld< oekaùï uqøs;" úoHq;a udOHj,

fuka u fmdÿ ia:dkj, o m%o¾Ykh

;ykï lr we;'93

• zlsisÿ mqoa.,hl= úiska wdydrhl iajNdjh”

jákdlu" .=Kh" wka;¾.;h" hy.=K yd

wdrlaIdj iïnkaOfhka jHdc" fkd u.

hjkiq¿ fyda jerÈ fyda woyila we;s jk

mßÈ f,an,a" weiqreï" i;aldr" úlik"

wf,ú yd m%pdrl lghq;= fkd l< hq;=

njZ 1986 wxl 26 orK wdydr mkf;ys

úêúOdkj, oelafõ'94

• 1980 wxl 27 orK iqj| ú,jqka"

rEm,djKH øjH yd T!IO mk; hgf;a

T!IO" rEm,djkH øjH yd WmlrKj,g

o fujeks u iSud wod< fõ' fïjd wod<

wdh;k úiska mkjd ;sfí' tfy;a"

tajdfha Odß;dj yd ;dlaIKsl iSud ksid

tajd l%shd;aul ùu m%udKj;a ke;'

• m,sfndaOkdYl md,k ^ixfYdaê;& mk;

hgf;a wk;=reodhl lDIs ridhksl

iïnkaO oekaùï md,kh lrkq ,efí'

• 2003 wxl 9 orK mdrsfNda.sl wêldß

mk; hgf;a mdßfNda.slhka fkd u.

94


http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-colombo/documents/publication/wcms_233369.pdf

95

hjk oekaùï ms<sn`o úu¾Ykh lrkakg

mdrsfNda.sl wêldßhg n,h we;'

• kS;shla fkd jqKo" Y%S ,xld úfoaY fiajd

kshqla;s ld¾hdxYh úiska n,m;% iys;

úfoaY /lshd ksfhdað;dh;k i|yd 2013

fkdjeïnrfha§ wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla

iïmdokh lf<a h' tys úfoaY /lshd

wenE¾;= iïnkaOfhka oekaùï m< lsÍu

ms<sno iïmQ¾K fldgila u ;sfí' tu

oekaùïj, ksrjoHNdjh" meyeÈ,snj yd

wjYH úia;r wvx.= ùu tys§ wjOdrKh

lr ;sfí'95

udOH oekaùï i|yd <uhska fhdod .ekSu ms<sn|

újdohla l,l isg ;sfí' <ud whs;sjdislï

yd fjk;a lKavdhï úiska iSud lsÍï b,a,d

isák ,§' oeä fjf<| oekaùï wdpdr O¾u

ix.%yhla yd th W,a,x>kh lrkakkag tfrysj

oeä o~qjï y÷kajd Èh hq;= nj m¾fhaIK yd

WmfoaYk wdh;khla jk úl,am m%;sm;a;s

flakaøh 2008§ ks¾foaY lrk ,§' ;ukag

widOdrK úfõpkhlg uqyqK §ug isÿ jk nj

oekaùïlrejkg yd wf,úlrejkag yef`.a kï ta

ms<sn| meñKs,s l< yels fíreïlrK uKav,hla

m;a lsÍug o fhdackdjla bÈßm;a lrk ,§'96

tfy;a th isÿ jQfha ke;'

m%isoaO l< hq;= yd fkd l< hq;= oekaùï ms<sn|

ud¾f.damfoaY u,djla udOHj,g fkdue;'

Wjukdjg jvd oekaùï

OH wdh;k úiska wka;¾.;h

yd oekaùï w;r meyeÈ,s ;=,khla

mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= h' ´kEjg jvd

oekaùï fya;=fjka mdßfNda.slhka bj;aj

hk w;r" wm%udKj;a oekaùï fya;=fjka

wd¾:sl Yla;sh ySk fõ'

w;S;fha§ mqj;am;a úiska 60] l¾;D

wka;¾.;h yd 40] oekaùï hk wkqmd;slh

wkq.ukh lrk ,§' fuu wkqmd;slh oeka

oeäj wkq.ukh lrkq fkd ,efí' jeä jk

oekaùï ,sms fya;=fjka ;;a;ajh ixlS¾K

ù ;sfí' oekaùï ,sms hkq m%j¾Okh i|yd

jk oekaùï nj fkd okajd m< lrkq ,nk

wka;¾.;hka fõ'

úldYhkays§ .%dylfhda wiSudka;sl oekaùï

ksid fjfyig m;a fj;s' tlai;a ckmofha

m%Odk cd, úiska rEmjdyskS oekaùï mehlg

úkdä 10lg iSud lrk ,§' tfy;a" fuu

iSud W,a,x>kh lsÍu o isÿ fõ'

Y%S ,xldfõ wúêu;a oekaùï fya;=fjka

wka;¾.;h fndfyda úg wvq lrkq ,nhs'

we;eï kd,sldj, oekaùï úrduhka

wêl h' krl u ;;a;ajh olskakg

,efnkafka m%Odk l%slÜ ;r. iÔùj

úldYh lrk w;r;=r h'

oekaùï yd wka;¾.;hka w;r jvd fyd|

iu;=,khla udOH l¾udka;hg oeä j

wjYH h'

uxcqidj

10

ud


Children in Advertising in Sri Lanka – A Media Study. CPA, 2009. http://www.cpalanka.org/children-in-advertising-in-sri-lankaa-media-study/

96

we;eï udOH wdh;k úiska ;ukaf.a u ud¾f.

damfoaY ud,djla ixj¾Okh lr ;sfí' ksoiqkla

f,i rcfha úldYlhka jk Y%S ,xld .=jka

úÿ,s ixia:dj yd Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dj

úiska fjf<| oekaùï ms<sn| ;ukaf.a u

ud¾f.damfoaY ilid f.k ;sfí' tfy;a"

úldY l¾udka;h ;=< fuu iïu;hka wkqj

lghq;= lrk njla fkd fmfka' fcHda;sIh"

id;a;r lSu" iqj lsÍfï fufyhka yd fjk;a

widudkH l%shdldrlï ms<sn| m%pdrK /,a,la

uE; ld,fha§ ;sìKs' fïjd rfÜ mdßfNda.sl

kS;sj,ska fyda m%pdrK wdpdr O¾u ix.%yj,ska

wdjrKh jkafka ke;'

l,la iajdëk rEmjdysksfha iNdm;s ;k;=r

oerE fcHaIaG udOHfõ§ ksõgka .=Kr;ak

fufia isysm;a lrhs( zuu .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ

jev lrk ldf,a fjf<| oekaùï i|yd

wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla ;snqKd' th ye¢kajqfKa

fld< mdg fmd; lsh,dhs' WodyrKhla f,i

fjf<| oekaùïj,ska ck;dj ìh .ekaùu

lrkakg bv ÿkafka keye' we;eï fjf<|

oekaùï lEu fj,djkaj,§ m%pdrKh lrkakg

ÿkafka keye' rEmjdysksh o ;ukaf.a u

oekaùï wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla ish uq,a

hq.fha§ ixj¾Okh l<d' fm!oa.,sl rEmjdyskS

kd,sld úiska fuu wdpdr O¾u ix.%yh Wiia

;;a;ajhg f.k wd hq;= njg wjfndaOhla

;snqKd' tfy;a th fndfyda ld,hl isg

wu;l lr oud ;sfnkjd'Z

úldYlhka úiska uqyqK fokq ,nk ;j;a

m%Yakhla Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dfõ ysgmq

iNdm;s fudydka iurkdhl úiska fmkajd

fok ,§' zrEmjdysksfha wms W;aidy lrkafka

wfma jevigyka wka;¾.;fha fuka u fjf<|

oekaùïj, o .=Kd;aul m%ñ;s mj;ajdf.k

hdughs' tfy;a" wm úiska we;eï oekaùï

m%;slafIam lrk ,o úg oekaùïlrejka

fm!oa.,sl kd,sld fj; hkjd' thska wfma

wdodhï wvq fjkjd'Z

oekaùï ms<sn| uyck meñKs,s

m%YakldÍ fyda jerÈ oekaùï iïnkaOfhka uyck

meñKs,s hdka;%Khla Y%S ,xldfõ fkdue;' kS;sh

úiska wdjrKh lrkq ,nk ÿïfld<" u;ameka"

T!IO jeks úfYaIs; m%j¾. iïnkaOfhka yer"

fjk;a iqúfYaI oekaùï iïnkaOfhka ta .ek

ie,ls,su;a jk mqrjeishkag meñKs,s l< yels

wdldrhla ke;'

kS;s.; fr.=,dis yd iajhx kshdukhla ke;s

;;a;ajh ;=< l%shdldßlhka yd WmfoaYk

lKavdhï we;eï úg Tjqka iodpdr úfrdaë

yd ms<s.; fkd yels hhs i,lk úfYaIs;

oekaùïj,g yd oekaùï m%pdrK jHdmdrhkag

tfrysj m%;spdr olajkq ,efí'

ksoiqkla f,i" n,mEï lKavdhula jk u;ameka

yd T!IO f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh ^ADIC &


http://www.adicsrilanka.org/2013/05/30/world-no-tobacco-day-2013-ban-tobacco-advertising-promotion-and-sponsorship-press-release/

http://www.globalpressjournal.com/asia/sri-lanka/responding-public-outrage-sri-lankan-biscuit

For example, see: Regulating Advertising, Business Times, 10 March 2013 http://www.sundaytimes.lk/130310/business-times/regulating-advertising-35523.html

97 99

u;ameka yd ÿïfld< iud.ï úiska lrf.k hkq

,nk uDÿ m%j¾Ok yd wkq.%dyl;ajhka ms<sn|

ksÍlaIKh lrkq ,efí' u;ameka yd ÿïfld<

wxYfha Rcq oekaùï 2006 isg ;ykï lr ;sfí'97

jvd laIKsl mdßfNda.sl úfrdaO;d o isÿ

fõ' thg ksoiqkla jkafka 2014§ úiaflda;=

j¾.hl rEmjdyskS oekaùulg tfrysj iudc

udOHj,ska u;= jQ úfrdaOhhs' tu oekaùfuka

lshjqfKa iqÿ meyehg yqre ldka;djka l¿

meyehg yqre ldka;djkag jvd lukSh njhs'

úfrdaOfhka ;=ka Èklg miq fuu oekaùu

bj;a lr .kakd ,o w;r wod< iud.u

m%isoaêfha iudj b,aÆfõ h'98

jeä jk iudc ie,ls,su;aNdjhka yuqfõ ^we;eï

úg tajd m%ldY jkafka iudc udOH yrydhs&

wf,ú jD;a;slhka yd oekaùï l¾udka;h úiska

iajhx kshdukfha jeo.;alu jgyd .ksñka isáhs'

we;eï udOH ksfõolhka úiska o fuu woyi

m%;srdjh lr ;sfí'99

ms<s.;a oekaùï ksfhdað;hkaf.a ix.uh msysgqjkq

,enqfõ iajhxj md,khlrk ,o Yla;su;a

l¾udka;hla mj;ajdf.k hdfï wruqfKks'

tfy;a" oekaùï m%pdrKh" ksfhdað;dh;k yryd

muKla fkdj fl<ska u oekaúïlrejd yd udOH

iud.ï w;r o isÿ jk ksid udOH l¾udka;h

úiska iajhx kshdukhla mj;ajdf.k hdu myiq

ke;' ^fuh úfYaIfhka u uE; ld,fha mqj;am;a

zzwe;eï mqj;am;aj, msgm;a lShla

uqøKh lrkjd o hkak wms fkd oksuq'

we;efula msgm;a 5000laj;a uqøKh

lrkafka ke;' tfy;a ,laI .Kkla

wf,ú jk nj mji;s' fuu`.ska ck;dj

fkd u. hjkq ,efí' fjk;a rgj,

mqj;am;a yd i`.rd wf,úh ú.Kkh

lrk iajdëk wdh;k ;sfí' fndfyda

ld,hlg fmr Y%S ,xldfõ o fujeks

l%uhla mej;s w;r tjeks fyd|

iïm%odhka kej; mK .ekaúh hq;= h'ZZ

úð; hdmd"

iudrïNl l¾;D" È whs,kaâ yd ikafâ

ghsïia mqj;am;a

zzud is;k wdldrhg Y%S ,xldfõ udOH

jD;a;sh ñh f.dia ;sfí' wm l;d

lrkafka u<l|lg mK §u .ek h'

fï iïnkaOfhka udOH uOHia:dk

fY%aKs.; lrk iud.ï j. lsj hq;= h'

tajd mdlaIsl jk w;r jev lrkafka

jdish msKsihs' úldY uOHia:dk

fYa%Ks.; lsÍï úYajúoHd, jeks

iajdëk" jD;a;sl lKavdhï úiska l<

hq;=j ;sfí' tys l%ufõoh mdroDIH úh

hq;= h' wmg wvq ;rfï tjeks iud.ï

;=klaj;a wjYH h'ZZ

m%shka; ldßhmafmreu"

ish; fm!oa.,sl rEmjdysksfha WmfoaYl

zzoekaùïlrejka ;SrK .kafka udOH

uOHia:dk fYa%Ks.; lsÍï wkqj h' wmg

Y%S ,xldfõ fYa%Ks.; lsÍï ms<sn| jvd

fyd| kshdukhla wjYH h' ke;skï

fndfyda úg nd, jevigyka b;du

ckm%sh tajd f,i fYa%Ks.; lsÍu È.g u

isÿ jkq we;'ZZ

frdiaukaâ fiakdr;ak"

ysgmq iNdm;s" iajdëk rEmjdyskS fiajh

ysgmq idudkHdêldÍ" iaj¾KjdyskS

fm!oa.,sl iud.u98


fuka u rEmjdysksfha o u;= jQ Æyq~q oekaùï

/,af,ka fmfka'&

fmdÿ m%ñ;sj,g yd wdpdr O¾uj,g tl`.

ùu iïnkaOfhka fjf<| m%pdrK yd udOH

l¾udka;fha fï olajd olakg ,efnk

wid¾:lNdjh ie,ls,a,g .;a úg iïmQ¾Kfhka

u iafõÉPd iajhx kshduk hdka;%Khla m%udKj;a

fõ o hkak meyeÈ<s ke;'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( rch oekaùï l¾udka;h iu. iyfhda.Sj

woyia úuiñka uyck wNs,dIhka

fjkqfjka oekaùï kshdukh lsÍu i|yd

iajdëk kshduk jHQyhla f.dvke.sh hq;=

h' thg ud¾f.damfoaY l%shd;aul lsÍfï

n,h o ;sìh hq;= h' oekaùï fjkqfjka

iuia; m%ñ;s yd wdpdr Od¾ñl

ud¾f.damfoaY ilid uyckudOH fj;

fuka u fjk;a iajrEmj, fjf<|

m%pdrKhkag yd wf,úhg o ,nd

Èh hq;= h'

kS;s.; kshduk wdh;khla msysgqjk f;la

oekaùï l¾udka;h ;ukaf.a u iajhx

kshduk moaO;shla ixj¾Okh lr .; hq;=

h' th mdßfNda.sl wdrlaIdj yd ye`.Sï

.ek ixfõ§ yd m%;spdrd;aul úh hq;= h'

udOH wdh;k ;ukaf.a me;af;ka oekaùï

wka;¾.;h iïnkaOfhka idOdrK iSud

wkq.ukh l< hq;= w;r th Tjqkaf.a .=jka

fyda uqøs; wjldYfha iuia; wka;¾.;h

iu. iudkqmd;sl úh hq;= h'


m%j¾.h 2

udOHj, nyqúONdjh yd úúO;ajh" iudk wd¾:sl lafIa;%hla yd ysñldß;ajfha úksúo fmfkkiq¿Ndjh

i x hq la ; ks ¾ f oa Y

1' udOHj, ienE nyq;ajjdohla úúO;ajhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd

rch úiska ish,a, iyNd.Slr.kakd nyq md¾Yaúl idlÉPdjla

Èh;a l< hq;= h' fuh jeämqr u l< hq;= jkafka m%cd;dka;%sl

ikaksfõok n,h jeäÈhqKq lsÍfï l%uhla f,i h' th fmdÿ

wjldYh iu. wka;¾.%dyS úh hq;= w;r yqÿ mdßfNda.sl reÑhg

yd fjf<|fmd< ;r.hg iemhqï fkd l< hq;= h'

2' udOH ysñldß;ajfha úia;r újD; yd mdroDIH lsÍu ish,q

udOH wdh;kj,g wksjd¾h jk kS;shla iïu; l< hq;= h'

tajd ksYaÑ; ld,hlg jrla uyckhdg fy<sorõ l< hq;= h'

udOH l¾udka;h ysñldß;ajh jd¾Islj fy<sorõ lsÍu i|yd

l%ufõohla ielish hq;= h' ^udOH iud.ïj, ysñldß;ajh

yd m%Odk fldgialrejka m%isoaO lrk l%ufõohla bkaÈhdfõ

;sfí'& th isÿ jk f;la" ysñldr úia;r m%isoaO lsÍfuka udOH

l¾udka;hg ;u uyck j.ùu jeä l< yels h'

3' udOH ysñldß;ajh yd yria ysñldß;ajh ^tl iud.ula

f¾äfhda" rEmjdyskS" mqj;am;a wd§ nyqúO udOH ysñ lr .ekSu&

iq¿ msßila w;g m;a ùu je<elaùfï kS;s md¾,sfïka;=j úiska

iïu; l< hq;= h'

4' m¾fhaIlhka yd isú,a iudc lKavdhï úiska ;u udOH

ksÍlaIK lghq;= wka;¾.; úYaf,aIKhkaf.ka yd l¾;D

uKav, Ndú;h ms<sn| wdpdr Od¾ñl i,ld ne,Sïj,ska

Tíng f.k hd hq;= h' tu`.ska udOH ysñlrejkaf.a foaYmd,k

mlaImd;s;ajhka yd udOH fkd jk jHdmdr wNs,dIhka o

ksÍlaIKh l< hq;= h' fuu f;dr;=re wka;¾cd,fha m%isoaO

lrk l%uhla ielish hq;= h'

5' Y%S ,xldfõ udOH ;=< ienE nyq;ajNdjhla yd úúO;ajhla

m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd wjYH m%;sm;a;s fjkqfjka rch úiska

ish,a, iyNd.Slr.kakd nyq md¾Yajldr idlÉPdjla Èh;a l<

hq;= h' fuh l< hq;af;a ish,a, iyNd.S lr.kakd m%cd;ka;%jd§

ikaksfõok n,h j¾Okh lsÍfï ud¾.hla f,i h' tfia

fkdue;sj yqÿ mdßfNda.sl f;dard .ekSu fyda fjf<|fmd<

;r.ldß;ajh fjkqfjka fkd fõ'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

2.1 rch nyq;ajjd§

udOH m%j¾Okh

lsÍug mshjr

.kshs

2.2 nyq;ajjd§ udOH

m%j¾Okh lsÍfï

l%shdud¾. iu.

wkql+,;dj rch

;yjqre lrhs


6' rch yd udOH l¾udka;h iduQyslj udOHj, wka;¾.;

úúO;ajh we;s lsÍu i|yd wemlem úh hq;= h' th ueksh

hq;af;a udOH wdh;k ;sfnk .Kkska fkdj tu`.ska

lrkq ,nk iudc ksfhdackh yd tajd we;=<;a lr .ekSfï

yelshdfõ mrdih u; h' iudc" foaYmd,k" ixialD;sl

oelauj, mQ¾K mrdihla yiq lr .ekSfï yelshdj tajdg

;sìh hq;= h' fhdað; uyck fiajd úldY u`.ska lrk fjk;a

foa iu. tjeks wka;¾.; úúO;ajhla o m%j¾Okh l<

yels h' fjf<|fmd< u`.ska Èfjk udOH úiska ksIamdokh

lrkq fkd ,nk jeo.;a udOH ksIamdok isÿ lsÍug iajdëk

wka;¾.; ksIamdolhkag wjia:dj ,nd Èh yels h'

7' úoHq;a úldYhg wod< kS;s iïmdokh l< hq;af;a ysñldß;aj

úúO;ajh fuka u udOH wka;¾.;fha úúO;ajh o m%j¾Okh

jk wdldrhghs' fjk;a ldrKd w;r" ysñldß;aj úúO;ajh

o úldY n,m;%lrKh Tiafia m%j¾Okh lsÍfï l%u kS;sh

úiska fhdackd l< hq;= h'

8' úoHq;a úldY n,m;% l%uh úêu;a lsÍug rch blauka mshjr

.; hq;= h' th újD;" ;r.ldÍ" idOdrK yd j.úh yels

l%shdj,shla úh hq;= h' iuia; l%shdj,sh u l<ukdlrKh

l< hq;af;a iajdëk kshdulhl= úisks' th uyck wjOdkhg

,la lsÍug yd woyia oelaùug meyeÈ,s l%u ;sìh hq;= h' 1992

isg wkq.ukh lrk ,o ys;j;alu u; wms<sfj,g n,m;%

,nd fok l%uh yels blauKska wjika l< hq;= h' n,m;%

§fï l%uh m%ñ;slrKh l< hq;= h' th ishÆ oekg § we;s

n,m;%j,g;a wod< l< hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

2.3 rch il%sh f,i

úúO uyck

fiajd" fm!oa.,sl

yd m%cd udOH

m%j¾Okh lrhs

2.4 iajdëk yd

mdroDIH kshduk

moaO;shla


9. m%cdjg ysñ yd m%cdj úiska mj;ajdf.k hk ,nk m%cd

.=jkaúÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS uOHia:dk fjkqfjka úia;S¾K n,m;%

l%uhla iïmdokh l< hq;=h' th iajdëk kshduk jHQyhla

úiska kshdukh l< hq;= h' fuys m%Odk b,lalhla jkafka

úoHq;a úldY lafIa;%h ;=< úúO;ajh yd m%cd iyNd.s;ajh

m%j¾Okh lsÍuhs' ta fjkqfjka úoHq;a udOH moaO;sh ;=<

m%cd úldYlhka iïnkaO meyeos,s ks¾jpkhla yd Tjqkag

n,m;% ,nd §fï iqúfYaI kS;s ;sìh hq;= h' ta fjkqfjka ir<

whÿïm;a l%uhla ;sìh hq;= h' th fkdñf<a fyda wvq uqo,lg

,nd Èh hq;= h' ishÆ n,m;% l%shdj,s meyeÈ,s ks¾kdhl u;

mokï úh hq;= w;r kS;s l,ska iïmdokh l< hq;= h' th

újD; úh hq;= w;r uyck iyNd.s;ajhg bv Èh hq;= h'

10. wvq iïfm%aIK n,hla iys; n, m%cd .=jka ú¥,s úldY

fjkqfjka ixLHd; mrdihla fjka l< hq;= h' úúO ia:dkj,

isg ixLHd; Ndú;h Wmßu l< hq;= h' tajd flfrys wên,

iïfm%aIK úldY ixLHd;j, n,mEu wju l< hq;= h'

11. fhdað; iajdëk úldY kshdul jHqyh úiska rch yd úldY

mrdi ie,iqï lr fnod §u w;r ióm iïnkaëlrKhla

mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= h' tu`.ska úoHq;a ;rx. ud,d fjka lr §u

idOdrK nj ;yjqre úh hq;= h' úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d uyck fiajd"

jdKsc yd m%cd úldY w;r idOdrK wkaoñka fnod Èh hq;= h'

12. úldY ;rx. mrdih hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu újD;" isú,a iudcfha

yd fjk;a md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia ,nd .kakd l%shdj,shla

úh hq;= h' fuu l%shdj,sfhka u;= jk ie,eiau ;=<g ixLHd;

ud,d ^t*a tï mrdih jeks& úúO úldYlhka w;r fldgia

lr fjka lr §ï o we;=<;a úh hq;= h' fuu Wm fjka lsÍï

fya;=fjka úoHq;a úldYfha újO;ajh m%j¾Okh lsÍfï wruqK

bgq úh hq;= h' tu moaO;sh mßiaifuka ie,iqï l< hq;= w;r

by; úia;r lrk ,o m%cd úldY n,m;% §fï wruqKq iu.

wkq.;j l%shd;aul úh hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

2.5 rch yd isú,a iudc

ixúOdk l%shdldÍj

m%cd udOH m%j¾Okh

lsÍu

2.6 rcfha úoHq;a úldY

;rx.ud,d fjka lr

§fï ie,eiau úiska

fmdÿ wNs,dIhka

i|yd m%Yia: Ndú;h

;yjqre lsÍu


13. úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d kï fmdÿ iïm; uyck wNs,dI fjkqfjka

úldYh yd úÿ,s ixfoaYkh i|yd uekeúka l<ukdlrKh l<

hq;= h' Y%S ,xld úÿ,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIu ishÆ Wkkaÿj

olajk md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia ,nd .ksñka cd;Hka;r hy

Ndú;djla Tiafia úoHq;a ;rx.ud,d Wmßu whqßka Ndú;d lsÍu

i|yd meyeÈ,s oelaula iy cd;sl ie,eiaula ilia l< hq;= h'

14. rch úiska úldY lafIa;%fha ysñldß;aj j¾.j, úúO;ajh

m%j¾Okh l< hq;= h' ta i|yd fm!oa.,sl ysñldß;ajh we;s

jdKsc úldY" l¾;D iajdëk;ajh iys; uyck fiajd úldY yd

iajdëk m%cd úldY hk ;, ;=k wkq.ukh l< yels h'

15. ishÆ n,m;% l%shdj,s yd ixLHd; fjka lr §ï meyeÈ,s

ks¾kdhl u; mokï úh hq;= h' kS;s l,ska ilid uyck

iyNd.s;ajhg újD; l< hq;= h'

16. rch úiska ;dlaIKhka fjkqfjka nÿ mekùu fkd l<

hq;= h ^Wod( cx.u ÿrl:k yd flan,a rEmjdyskS muKla

b,lal lsÍu&' th úfYaIs; ;dlaIKhka" iud.ï yd Tjqkaf.a

mdßfNda.slhka iïnkaOfhka widOdrK f,i ie,lSula

úh yels h'

17. rcfha oekaùï úêúOdk ishÆ rdcH ksfhdað;dh;kj,g yd

rchg wh;a iud.ïj,g wod< jk ud¾f.damfoaY lÜg,hla

u`.ska kshdukh úh hq;= h' tu`.ska wfmalaIs; mdGl m%cdj u;

oekaùï ,nd fok ks¾Kdhl ielish hq;= h' tjeks

ud¾f.damfoaY wjYH jkafka rdcH oekaùï wkq.%yh ,nd §fï§

oekg mj;sk fjkia fldg ie,lSfï Ndú;djka ÿr,Sug yd

rdcH wxYfha oekaùï udOH wdh;kj,g idOdrK yd úIhuQ,sl

mokulska fnod §u i|yd h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

2.7 rcfha úoHq;a úldY m:

fjka lr §fï ie,eiau

úiska ysñldß;ajfha yd

wka;¾.;fha úúO;ajh

m%j¾Okh lrkq ,eîu

2.6 rcfha úoHq;a úldY

;rx.ud,d fjka lr

§fï ie,eiau úiska

fmdÿ wNs,dIhka

i|yd m%Yia: Ndú;h

;yjqre lsÍu

2.8 iajdëk yd mdroDIH

kshduk moaO;shla

2.9 rch nÿ yd jHdmdr

kshdukh udOH

ixj¾Okh Èß .ekaùu

i|yd iudkd;au;d

mokulska Ndú;d

lrkafkao@

2.10 rch rcfha fjf<|

m%pdrK m%;sm;a;sh

;=<§ fjkia ie,lSï

fkdlsÍu


18. udOH wdh;kj,g n,mEï yd ;¾ck lsÍu fjkqfjka rdcH

yd fm!oa.,sl fjf<| m%pdrKhka Ndú;d lsÍu iïnkaOfhka

udOH wud;HdxYh kS;suh iSud yd ov mekúh hq;= h'

19. rch oekaùï l¾udka;h iu. iyfhda.Sj woyia úuiñka

uyck wNs,dIhka fjkqfjka oekaùï kshdukh lsÍu i|yd

iajdëk kshduk jHqyhla f.dvke.sh hq;= h' thg

ud¾f.damfoaY l%shd;aul lsÍfï n,h o ;sìh hq;= h' oekaùï

fjkqfjka iuia; m%ñ;s yd wdpdr Od¾ñl ud¾f.damfoaY

ilid uyckudOH fj; fuka u fjk;a iajrEmj, fjf<|

m%pdrKhkag yd wf,úhg o ,nd Èh hq;= h'

20. kS;s.; kshduk wdh;khla msysgqjk f;la oekaùï l¾udka;h

;ukaf.a u iajhx kshduk moaO;shla ixj¾Okh lr .;

hq;= h' th mdßfNda.sl wdrlaIdj yd ye`.Sï .ek ixfõ§ yd

m%;spdrd;aul úh hq;= h' udOH wdh;k ;ukaf.a me;af;ka

oekaùï wka;¾.;h iïnkaOfhka idOdrK iSud wkq.ukh

l< hq;= w;r th Tjqkaf.a .=jka fyda uqøs; wjldYfha iuia;

wka;¾.;h iu. iudkqmd;sl úh hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

2.10 rch rcfha fjf<|

m%pdrK m%;sm;a;sh

;=<§ fjkia ie,lSï

fkdlsÍu

2.11 udOHj, fjf<|

m%pdrKh md,kh

lsÍfï ld¾hlaIu

kshdukhla


TAXATION AND

BUSINESS REGULATION

D3m%j¾.h

m%cd;ka;%jd§ l;sldfõ fõÈldjla f,i

ckudOH


m%Odk o¾Yl

w udOH úiska iudcfha úúO;ajh ksrEmKh lsÍu 3'1 uyck fiajd" fm!oa.,sl yd m%cd mdol udOH

iudcfha ishÆ lKavdhïj,g fiajh lrhs

3'2 udOH wdh;k úiska ish jD;a;Sh Ndú;djka ;=<ska

iudc úúO;ajh mrdj¾;kh lrhs

wd uyck fiajd udOH wdo¾Ykhla 3'3 uyck fiajd úldYj, wruqKq kS;suh jYfhka

w¾:l:kh lr iqrlaId lr ;sîu'

3'4 uyck fiajd úldYl fufyhqï u`.ska lsisÿ lafIa;%l

úIu;djla we;s lrkq fkd ,eîu'

3'5 iajdëk yd mdroDIH rdcH md,khla ;sîu'

3'6 uyck fiajd úldYh uyck;dj yd

isú,a iudc ixúOdk iu. iïnkaO ùu'

we udOH ;uka úiska ;uka u kshdukh lr .ekSu 3'7 uqøs; yd úoHq;a úldY udOH i;=j Yla;su;a

iajhx kshdukhla ;sîu'

3'8 udOH úiska iajhx kshduk ixialD;shla ksrEmKh lrkq ,eîu'

wE idOdrK;ajh yd wmlaI.%dys;ajh i|yd wjYH;d 3'9 idOdrK;ajh yd wmlaI.%dys;ajh ms<sno wjYH;d ksrEmKh jk

ld¾hlaIu úoHq;a udOH wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla

3'10 úoHq;a udOH wdpdr O¾u ix.%yh M,odhS f,i l%shdfõ fhoùu

b udOHj, fmdÿ úYajdih yd wêIaGdkYS,s;ajfha uÜgu 3'11 uyck;dj udOH ms<sno by< úYajdihla m%o¾Ykh lsÍu

3'12 udOH wdh;k uyck;dj ;u lghq;= iïnkaOfhka olajk

ye.Sï flfrys ixfõ§ùu'

B udOHlrejkaf.a wdrlaIdj 3'13 mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag" wdY%s; udOHlrejkag yd

udOH wdh;kj,g ish jD;a;Sh wdrlaIdj i,iajd .; yels h'

3'14 wkdrlaIs; mßirh ksid udOH Ndú;djg ndOd fkdmeñKSu'


zzwjidkfha§ m%cd;ka;%jdoh mokï jkafka uyck

u;h u; h¡ tfy;a" uyck u;h fndfyda úg

mokï jkafka Tjqka udOHj,ska wik foa u;

h¡ udOH úiska Tjqkag wiunr oelaula fokafka

kï" uyck u;h o me;a;lg keUqre jQ tlla fõ¡

wdpdrO¾u moaO;shl jeo.;alu wjOdrKh lroa§

kS;shg mqj;am;a l,dfõÈhl= úiska l< hq;= iEu

ld¾hhla u ixfõokh l< fkd yels h¡ th l<

yelafla mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag u h¡ Tjqka tl;= ù

;uka fjkqfjka wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla ilia lr

.; hq;= h¡ZZ

wdpd¾h l%siafgdam¾ fÊ¡ ùruka;%S

cd;Hka;r hqla;s wêlrKfha ysgmq Wm iNdm;s

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñifï 10jk ixj;airh

ksñ;af;ka mej;s iuq¿j wu;ñka


cd;ka;%jdoh" hymd,kh yd udkj

ysñlï fmdaIKh lsÍfï yd Ñria:dhS

lsÍfï j.lSula udOHj,g ;sfí' th l<

hq;= wdldrh ms<sn| tl woyila fkdue;' tfy;a

ta fjkqfjka b;d meyeos,s cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s ;sfí'

tu ixlS¾K;ajhg fya;=j jkafka udOHj,g

tlsfkl u; l%shd;aul jk meyeÈ,s N+ñldjka

folla ;sîuhs' th tl w;lska m%cd;ka;%jd§

ixjdoh isÿ jk" f;dr;=re yqjudre lr .kakd"

ixialD;sl m%ldYkh l%shd;aul jk ia:dkhls'

wks;a w;g th iudc l%shdlrejl= o fjñka

rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj, n,j;a

uqrn,a,l= f,i o l%shd lrhs' rcfha j.ùu

wjOdrKh lrhs'

iudc l%shdlrejl= f,i thg mlaI.%dyS N+ñldjla

o ;sfí' we;eï úg th iudc fnoSï we;s lsÍug

yd .egqï we;s lsÍug o bjy,a fõ' fuu fya;=j

ksid' udOH ish l%shdldrlï ms<sno j.úh

hq;= h' tfy;a" iudc ixjdo isÿ jk ia:dkhla

f,i th jeo.;a fõ' rcfha fyda fjk;a

ksfhdað;dh;khl md,kfhka f;drj újdo

lsÍfï wjia:dj udOHj,g ;sfí'

udOH iudch th j.lSulska lghq;= lrk

nj kshdukh lsÍug orK W;aidyhkag

ks;r úreoaO jkafka ta ksid h' kshdulhka

uqøs; yd úoHq;a úldY udOH j, j.lSï

.ek ie,ls,su;a jkafka;a" uyck fiajd

úldYlhkag iqúfYaI m%cd;dka;%sl N+ñldjka

kshu lrkafka;a ta ksid h'

iudchl úúO;ajfha w;aoelSu yev.eiaùfï

n,hla udOH wdh;kj,g ;sfí' tys me;slv

.Kkdjls ;sfí' tkï" ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh"

jhi" ckjd¾.sl;ajh" l=,h" NdIdj" wd.ñl

úYajdi" YdÍßl yelshd" ,sx.sl keUqrej"

wdodhu yd iudc mx;sh wdÈhhs' udOHj,g ish

m%cd;dka;%sl úNjhka iïmQ¾K lsÍu i`oyd

o< f,i fyda iudc úúO;ajh mrdj¾;kh

lrkakg isÿ fõ'

iudc úúO;ajh yd iïnkaO udOH fufyhqu

úêu;a kshdukh yd iïnkaO jkakg yels h'

ksoiqkla f,i" iudcfha ishÆ wxYj,g fiajh

lsÍug yd ishÆ foaYmd,k mlaIj,g m%fõYh

,nd §ug uyck fiajd úoHq;a úldY udOH j,g

we;s wjYH;dj ie,lsh yels h' udOH fufyhqu

kS;s u`.ska kshdukh úh hq;= h' ffjÍ m%ldY fï

i|yd ksoiqkls'

udOH úúO;ajh iajhx kshdukfha" iu

wdh;kj, mÍlaIdjg ,la ùfï yd .%dyl

m%;spdrj,g ,la ùfï wdh;ksl ixialD;sh ;=<g

lsod nei ;sfí' tfy;a" kj ;dlaIKfha me;sÍu

iu. íf,d.a" mqrjeis jd¾;dlrKhka" .%dylhka

úiska ks¾udKh lrkq ,nk wka;¾.;hka yd

.%dylhkaf.a udOH ueÈy;aùfï fjk;a Rcq

iajrEm jeä ùu olakg ,eîu Wkkaÿj we;s lrhs'

m%


udOH úiska iudcfha úúO;ajh ksrEmKh lsÍu

w3 01 uyck fiajd"

fm!oa.,sl yd m%cd

mdol udOH iudcfha ishÆ

lKavdhïj,g fiajh lsÍu

,xldfõ kQ;k iajrEmfha ckudOH

b;sydih ishjia folla wE;g úysfoa'

hg;a úð; rch úiska m<uq uqøs; jdr

m%ldYkh jk Ceylon Government Gazette wdrïN lf<a 1802§ h' th ;ju;a rcfha ks,

.eiÜ m;%h f,i m%ldYhg m;a fõ' m<uq bx.%Sis

mqj;am; 1832§ ksl=;a lrk ,o w;r .=jkaúÿ,s

úldY wdrïN jqfKa 1925§ h' rEmjdysksh Èh;a

jQfha 1979§ h' jdkscuh wka;¾cd, fiajd

Ndú;djg meñKsfha 1995§ h'

miq.sh oYl lSmh ;< udOH iud.ï" ixúOdk yd

ksIamdok wdh;k ixLHdj YS>%fhka by< f.dia

;sfí' flfia fj;;a" ixLHdfjka by<.sh ;rug u

udOH ksIamdokj, yd rfÜ nyq jd¾.sl ck.yKfha

ckjd¾.sl" wd.ñl yd NdId lKavdhïj,g

fiajh lrk wka;¾.;hkaf.a úúO;ajh jeä

ù ke;' úúO N+f.da,Sh l,dmj, we;eï ck

lKavdhï fjkqfjka we;s wka;¾.;hka o

m%udKj;a fkdfõ'

w;a±lSï iys; úoHq;a udOHfõ§ka fofofkla

uE;§ fufia m%ldY l< y( ziq¿;rfha yd wdka;sl

ckhd iïnkaO udOH wOHdmkfha yd wdjrKfha

oejeka; wiu;=,khla ;sfí' fuh mqÿu úh hq;=

ldrKhla fkd fõ' Y%S ,xldfõ uqøs; yd úoHq;a

udOH m%Odk jYfhka u fiajh lrkqfha m%N+

iudchghs' tys§ jd¾.sl úIu;d ie,ls,a,g

.kafka ke;'Z100

YS%

Putting the Citizen First: New Approaches to Media Literacy, by Tilak Jayaratne and Sarath Kellapotha, in Embattled Media: Democracy, Governance and Reform in Sri Lanka (Sage Publications, 2015), pp 281-293

100


Results of Census of Population and Housing, 2012 http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=FinalPopulation&gp=Activities&tpl=3

http://www.dailymirror.lk/94975/let-s-get-real-about-sri-lanka-s-urbanization

mqj;am;a" i.rd fuka u .=jkaúÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS

kd,sld o isxy," fou<" bx.%Sis hk NdId ;=fkka

u bÈßm;a fõ' tfy;a udOH kd,sld yd ksIamdok

fj; rfÜ iEu ;ekl u isg tl f,i msúish

fkd yels h' fld<U Èia;%slalfha yd niakdysr

m<df;a mÈxÑlrejkag rfÜ fiiq m%foaYj,

jeishkag jvd rEmjdyskS yd .=jka úÿ,s .=jka

úldY jeä .Kkla fj; m%fõYh ;sfí'

rfÜ udOH ksIamdokj,ska 80]l w;s nyq;rhla

m%fõYjkafka fld<U w. kd.ßl Èia;%slalhghs'

ta ksid tajdfha lsishï kd.ßl mdlaIsl;ajhla

we;' 2012 ck ix.Kkh wkqj kd.ßl

ck.yKh rfÜ iuia; ck.yKfhka 18'2]

la muKla jk w;r .%dóh ck.yKh 77'4]

la fõ' b;sß 4'4] j;=lrfha Ôj;a fj;s'101

flfia fj;;a" Y%S ,xldfõ Ndú;d lrkq ,nk

kd.ßl hk mgq w¾: ksrEmKh fya;=fjka

uE; oYlj,§ kd.ÍlrKh ù we;s m%foaY

/ila fkd ;ld yßhs' tla m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhl=

úiska weia;fïka;= lr we;s mßÈ i;H kd.ßl

ck.yKh 40] blaujhs'102

k.r flakaøSh udOH ;ukaf.a wjYH;djkag

wduka;%Kh fkd lrk úg we;eï m%cdfjda

úl,am fidh;s' ksoiqkla f,i" W;=re m<df;a

fuka u uOHu m<df;a j;=lrfha o we;eï fou<

l;d lrk fma%laIlfhda fld<ôka úldYh lrk

fou< kd,sldj,g jvd ol=Kq bka§h rEmjdyskS

kd,sld pkaøsld ;dlaIKh Tiafia keröug m%sh

lr;s' pkaøsld Tiafia fjk;a rgj, rEmjdyskS

keröu j;=lrfha jeämqr olakg ,efí'

úúO wOHkhkag wkqj fndfyda cd;sl

mqj;am;aj, we;af;a iSñ; nyqixialD;sl

wka;¾.;hls' isxy, mqj;am;a" iuia;hla f,i

fiajd imhkafka ;u jd¾.sl lKavdhughs'

fou< mqj;am;a o tfia h' fndfyda uqia,sï

ckhd isxy, fyda fou< NdId l;d lrkuq;a

tu NdId udOH wka;¾.;hka iu. iïnkaO

jkafka ke; ^uqia,sï mdGlhka b,lal lrk jdr

i`.rdj,§ yer&' fï yd iudkj" isxy, yd fou<

jd¾.sl lKavdhï w;r Ôj;a jk l%sia;shdkSkaf.a

ixialD;sl wjYH;d o cd;sl udOH úiska yß

yeá ksfhdackh lrkafka ke;' fuh udOH

l<ukdlrejkaf.a yd jD;a;slhkaf.a jeä

wjOdkhg fhduq úh hq;= ;;a;ajhls'

<uhska i|yd o ie,lsh hq;= udOH

wka;¾.;hka m%udKhla ;sfí' tu`.ska 2012

ck ix.Kkh wkqj ck.yKfhka 25'2]la

jk jhi wjqreÿ 14 wvq msrsig fiajd iemfha'

tfy;a" rfÜ ck.yKfhka 13]la yd fõ.fhka

j¾Okh fjñka mj;sk jhia ldKavhla jk

jhi wjqreÿ 60g jeä jeäysá ck;dj fjkqfjka

lem jQ jev igyka w,am h' ;j;a fndfyda

úúO ck lKavdhïj,g o tlaflda fiajd

iemfhkafka ke;' tfia ke;skï m%udKj;aj

iemfhkafka ke;'

101 102


flfia kuq;a jeos ck;djf.a ixialD;sl wjYH;d

fjkqfjka lem jQ oUdk t*a tï 95.4 kï

kd,sldjla Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj úiska

mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí'103

ta yd iudkj u" úúO wdndO iys; ckhdg

Ndú;d l< yels ùfï .=Kh o Y%S ,xldfõ udOH

úiska jeä ÈhqKq lr .; hq;=j ;sfí' fí%,a

udOHfhka i;sm;d ksl=;a jk i`.rd we;af;a

tlls'104 rEmjdyskS kd,sldj, ix{d NdId

Ndú;h isÿ jkafka tlaflda b;d l,d;=rlsks'

ke;skï Ndú;d jkafka ke;s ;rï h' wdndO

iys; ckhdf.a wjYH;d fjkqfjka lghq;= lsÍug

udOH m%uqL;djla Èh hq;= h'

iuia;hla f,i udOH fiajdjkaf.a mq¿,a

jeäÈhqKq lsÍula wjYH h'

http://www.slbc.lk/index.php/tamil-news-update/3497-leader-of-the-veddah-community-commends-the-service-rendered-by-the-dambana-service-of-the-slbc-to-protect-the-language-of-the-indigenous-community.html

www.wijeyanewspapers.lk/?page_id=41

103 104

ks ¾ f oa Y ( <uhska" ldka;djka" jd¾.sl yd wd.ñl

iq¿;rhka" jeäysáhka" j;=lrfha ck;dj"

wdndO iys; ckhd wd§ fldgiaj,g

udOH fiajd iemfhk mßÈ fhda.H

m%;sm;a;s" kshduk yd fjk;a l%shdud¾.

Tiafia rch udOH nyq;ajjdoh m%j¾Okh

l< hq;= h' wka;¾.%dyS udOH m%;sm;a;s

Tiafia" úldYlhkag úfYaIs; n,m;%

fldkafoais u`.ska" úldY lafIa;%fha

iajdëk kshdukhka m%j¾Okh lsÍfuka"

uyck fiajd" jdKsc yd m%cd hk ;,

;=fka úldY y÷kd .ekSfuka iy iajdëk

ksIamdolhkag uq,H iyfhda.h ,nd §fuka

wka;¾.; úúO;ajh Èß .ekaùfuka fuh

imqrd .; yels h'

úfYaIfhka u .=jkaúÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS

úldY ia:dk we;=¿ udOH úiska ixialD;sl

yd NdId úúO;ajhg;a" ia;%S mqreI

iudkd;au;djg;a Èß fok wjldYhla

ks¾udKh l< hq;= h' úfYaIs; wjodkug

md;% jQ lKavdhïj, wNs,dIhka

wduka;%Kh l< hq;= h' ldka;djka

taldlD;slrKhg ,la fkd jk fia

ksrEmKh l< hq;= h' fuu wruqK

fjkqfjka jeämqr ldka;djka m%jD;a;s

ksIamdokfha yd úldYfhaa fhÈh hq;= h'

uyckudOH úiska iuia; foaYmd,k

mrdifha u u;hka iudk f,i ksrEmKh

l< hq;= h'


3 02 udOH wdh;k

ish jD;a;Sh

Ndú;djka u`.ska iudc

úúO;ajh mrdj¾;kh lrhs

iudc úúO;ajh ksrEmKh lsÍfuys

,d udOHj, Odß;dj md¾Yaúlj r|d

mj;skafka tajdfha fiajl msßi u; h'

ksoiqkla f,i udOHfõ§ka yd udOH úOdhl

ks,OdÍka w;r ldka;djka yd iq¿;r lKavdhï

w;ßka meñfKkakkaf.a ixLHdjka w;r

;=,khla ;sìh hq;= h'

wjdikdjg fuka rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl uqøs; yd

úoHq;a udOHj, udkj iïm;a ms<sn|j ia:sr

o;a; /ia lsÍula ke;' ck yd ixLHdf,aLk

fomd¾;fïka;=j jd¾Islj l¾udka; ix.Kkhla

mj;ajhs' thg m%ldYk" uqøK yd má.; lrk ,o

udOH m%;sksIamdok hkqfjka wxYhla o wh;a fõ'

tfy;a tu`.ska udOH l¾udka;h ms<sn| iúia;r

o;a; ,nd §ula isÿ fkd fõ¡ lrk ,o iólaIKhla

uÕska 2012$13 ld,fhaoS wdh;k 82la .Kkh

lrk ,oS¡ tajdfha fiajlfhda 14975la fiajh l< y¡

tfy;a ta ;=< úúO miqìï yd l=i,;d ms<sn`o o;a;

úYaf,aIKhla fkdue;'105

we;eï o;a; ,nd fokq ,nkafka ia;%S mqreI

iudcNdjh u; muKs' 2011§ Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kh úiska mj;ajkq ,enQ wOHhkhlg

wkqj isxy," fou<" bx.%Sis mqj;am;a 31l ldka;d

ckudOHfõÈksfhda 192la fiajh l< y' ta yd

ikaikaokd;aulj msßñ ckudOHfõ§ka 464la

fiajh l< y' ta wkqj ldka;d ckudOHfõÈkshkaf.a

m%;sY;h 29'5]ls' ^fuu wOHhkh u`.ska úoHq;a udOH

yd wka;¾cd, udOH wOHhkh lr ke;'&

udOH yd ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn| 2015

ud¾;= udifha§ wka;¾cd;sl ckudOHlrejkaf.a

iïfï,kh ^IFJ& úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o

jd¾;dfõ fufia oelafõ( zY%S ,xldfõ ldka;d

ckudOHfõÈkshka ixLHdj jeä ù ;sfí'

ldka;djka lsysm fofkla úfYaIfhka u bx.%Sis

udOHj, fcHaIaG ;k;=re fydnj;s' Tjqkaf.a

ixLHdfõ jeä ùula we;;a" ;ju;a udOH

lafIa;%fha jd;djrKh ldka;djkag ys;lr fyda

wdrlaIs; ke;' Bg wu;rj .egÆldÍ fiajd

;;a;ajhka o ;sfí' fiajfhka Wiia ùfï wjia:d

u| ùu" m%jD;a;s ueÈßj, ;sfnk oeä msßñ

mlaImd;s;ajh jeks fya;= u; udOH l¾udka;h

ldka;djkag wNsfhda.d;aul fiajd ia:dkhla njg

m;a ù ;sfí'Z106

fï ms<sn| we;s f;dr;=rej,ska ,efnk idlaIs

yd fuu wOHhkh fjkqfjka lrk ,o iïuqL

idlÉPdj,ska fmkS .sfha Y%S ,xldfõ udOH

l¾udka;h m%udKj;a wkaoñka iudc úúO;ajh

ksrEmKh fkd lrk njhs'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( udOH l¾udka;h úiska udOH nyq;ajjdoh

Èß .ekaúh hq;= h' l¾;D uKav," msßia

yd l<ukdlrK uÜgïj,§ thg wemlem

úh hq;= h' l=i,;d u; mokï jQ n|jd

.ekSfï m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lrk

w;r" udOH iud.ï úiska ;ukaf.a ld¾h

uKav,h ;=< jd¾.sl úúO;ajh jvd

fyd¢ka ksrEmKh jkakg j. n,d .;

hq;= h' iq¿;r jd¾.sl yd NdId m%cdjka

w;ßka fuka u wdndO iys; ckhd w;ßka

o n|jd .ekSï l< hq;= h'

Annual Survey of Industries 2013. http://www.statistics.gov.lk/industry/ASI%202013%20report.pdf

http://www.ifj.org/fileadmin/images/Asia_Pacific/IFJ_AP/reports-etc/Gender_and_Media_in_Sri_Lanka

105 106


uyck fiajd udOH wdo¾Ykhla

wd3 03 uyck fiajd

úldYj, wruqKq

kS;suh jYfhka w¾:l:kh

lr iqrlaId lr ;sîu

Y%S ,xldfõ ft;sydislj mßKduh jQ rchg

wh;a .=jkaúÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS úldY

moaO;shla ;sfí' tfy;a tajd cd;Hka;rj

ms<s.;a w¾:l:k wkqj uyck fiajd úldY f,i

ie,lsh fkd yels h' ^my; igyk n,kak&

• 1966 wxl 37 orK Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s

ixia:d mk; úiska tjlg mej;s .=jka úÿ,s

fomd¾;fïka;=j ixia:djla njg m;a lrk

,§'107 mk; wkqj .=jka úÿ,s ixia:djg Y%S

,xldj ;=< úldY fiajd mj;ajdf.k hd yels

w;r ldf,ka ldf,g fmdÿ wjYH;d wkqj

tajd ixj¾Okh" mq¿,a lsÍu yd jeäÈhqKq lsÍu

l< yels h'

• 1982 wxl 6 orK Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS mk;

u`.ska cd;sl rEmjdyskS uOHia:dkhla msysgqjk

,§' tys úêúOdk wkqj thg Y%S ,xldj

;=< rEmjdyskS fiajd mj;ajdf.k hdu yd

ixj¾Okh l< yels w;r fmdÿ wjYH;d

fjkqfjka by< .=Kd;aul ;;ajfha jevigyka

mj;ajdf.k hd yels h'108

Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj yd Y%S ,xld

rEmjdyskS ixia:dj rchg wh;a jk w;r

tajd kv;a;= lrkafka w¾O jYfhka nÿ

wdodhfuka yd oekaùï wdodhfuks' tajdfha

wOHCI uKav,j, ishÆ idudðlhka m;a

lrkq ,nkafka udOH wud;Hjrhd úisks'

wud;HdxYhg leu;s ´kEu wjia:djl fya;=

oelaùulska f;drj Tjqka fkrmd oeófï

http://www.commonlii.org/lk/legis/consol_act/slbc365375.pdf

http://www.commonlii.org/lk/legis/num_act/slrca6o1982386/s7.html

107 108

YS%


yelshdj o ;sfí' ld¾h uKav,h rdcH ixia:d

fyj;a w¾O rdcH fiajlhka f,i ie,fla'

fuu`.ska rdcH úoHq;a udOHkag ixialrK

j.lSïj,§ mCImd;Sj lghq;= lsÍug isÿ fõ'

j;auka kS;s wkqj tajdfha ixialdrl

iajdëk;ajhla ke;¡ ksoiqkla f,i Y%S ,xld

.=jka úÿ,s ixia:d mkf;ys wxl 5 hgf;a

fujeks úêúOdkhla ;sfí' zixia:dj úldYh

iïnkaOfhka rcfha fmdÿ m%;sm;a;sh iu.

wkq.; jk w;r weu;sjrhd úiska rcfha

m%;sm;a;s wkqj ,nd fok idudkH fyda úfYaI

ud¾f.damfoaY wkqj lghq;= l,hq;=h'Z

iajdëk rEmjdyskS fiajh o rdcH ysñldß;ajhg

hg;ah' th uq,a ld,fha fm!oa.,sl iud.uls'

1979§ msysgqjk ,o th tu jif¾ u rchg mjrd

.kakd ,oS' 1992§ th iïmQ¾Kfhka u rchg ysñ

iud.ula njg m;a lrk ,§' l,skal,g idlÉPd

lrk ,o uq;a tys ysñldß;ajfha mq¿,a lsÍula isÿ

jQfha ke;'109

fuu úoHq;a úldYlhka lsisfjl=g l¾;D uKav,

Ndú;dfjys§ yd wka;¾.; ks¾udkfhys§ kS;suh

jYfhka w¾:l:kh lrk ,o yd ;yjqre lrk

,o iajdëk;ajhla ke;' tajd oYl .Kkdjla

;siafia Ndú;d lrkq ,nkafka md,l mlaIfha

m%pdrKh i|yd h'

fmdÿ wNs,dIhka fndfyda úg n,fha isák

wdKavqfõ wjYH;djkag ,>q lrkq ,efí' l¾;D

udKav,sl ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sj,g wdKavqj

Rcqj w; fmùu iq,n h'

w;S;fha§ Y%S ,xldfõ ishÆ .=jkaúÿ,s yd

rEmjdyskS hka;% Ndú;d lrkakka úiska jd¾Isl

n,m;% .dia;=jla f.úh hq;= úh' rch tu

wdodhu Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj" Y%S ,xld

rEmjdyskS ixia:dj yd iajdëk rEmjdyskS

fiajh w;r fnod fok ,§' fuu l%uh 2000

jif¾ ckjdß isg wj,x.= lrk ,§' th

http://www.itn.lk/about-itn/

109

uyck fiajd úoHq;a úldY

hqfkiaflda úiska uyck fiajd úldY

w¾:l:kh lr ;sfnkafka uyckhd

úiska uqo,a jeh lr" md,kh lr" uyckhd

fjkqfjka úldYh lrkq ,nk fiajd

f,ihs' tajd jdkscuh ysñldß;ajhg hg;a

fkd jk w;r" foaYmd,k ueÈy;aùïj,ska

ksoyia h' uyck fiajd úldYj,ska

uyck;djg f;dr;=re ,nd §u" wOHdmkh

yd úfkdaodiajdoh ,nd §u o isÿ fõ'

nyqúONdjh" jevigyka úúO;ajh"

ixialdrl iajdëk;ajh" fhda.H wruqo,a"

j.ùu yd mdroDIHNdjh ;yjqre l< úg

uyck fiajd úldYj,g m%cd;ka;%jdofha

jeo.;a N+ñldjla bgq l< yels h'

uQ,dY%h( http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-development/public-service-broadcasting/

hq

uxcqidj

11


Wimal Fernando v Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation [1996] 1 Sri Law Reports 157

110

fmkajkq ,enqfõ ck;djg nrla jQ .dia;=jla

bj;a lrk wdldrhg h' tfy;a" we;eï udOH

ksÍlaIlhka mejiqfõ fuu`.ska rch wruqKq

lf<a uyck fiajd úldY iïnkaOfhka rchg

we;s j.lSfuka ksoyia ùu njhs' .dia;= f.jk

.%dylhkag whs;sjdislï m%udKhla ;sìKs' th Y%S

,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:djg tÈßj úu,a m%kdkaÿ

ft;sydisl kvq ;Skaÿfjka ^1996& ;yjqre úh'110

rdcH ysñldß;ajh iys; úoHq;a udOH wdh;k

uyck fiajd úldY njg m;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sfha

uyck fiajd udOH úldYfha wruqKq

rcfha rEmjdyskS wdh;k foflys u

ysgmq iNdm;sjrfhl= jk uydpd¾h

Oïñl .x.dkd;a Èidkdhl Y%S ,xldfõ

uyck fiajd udOH úldYfha wruqKq

meyeÈ,s lrk f,i b,a,d isáhs' iïuqL

idlÉPdjl§ Tyq fufia mejiS h(

zY%S ,xldfõ wmg we;af;ka u uyck

fiajd udOH úldY wjYH o hkak wm

meyeÈ,s lr .; hq;= h' tajd iïmQ¾Kfhka

u fj<ofmd< n,fõ. u; hemsh hq;= kï

uyck fiajd udOH úldY Yla;su;a lsÍfï

kS;s f.k tafuys M,la ke;' tneúka"

uyck fiajd udOH úldY i|yd m%udKj;a

;rï nÿ uqo,a fhoùug iudch leu;s

úh hq;= h' tjeks uyck fiajd úldY

md¾,sfïka;=jg muKla j. lsj hq;= w;r"

rcfha úOdhl YdLdjg j. lsj hq;= ke;'

l¾udka;h iajdëk kshdulhl= úiska

uekeúka kshdukh lrk f;la úoHq;a

udOH úldY i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha

iyNd.s;ajh fydo h' fjk;a fndfyda

rgj,a lrñka isákafka thhs'Z

fldgila f,i Y%S ,xldj ;ukaf.a iudc

ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,k ixo¾Nhkag wkql+,

jk f,i ;u uyck fiajd úldY wruqKq

kej; w¾:l:kh lr .; hq;= h' ienE uyck

fiajd udOH iudcfha úúO;ajh wdrlaId lsÍfï

m%cd;dka;%sl ld¾hfha§ jeo.;a N+ñldjla bgq

lrhs' tys§ fm!oa.,sl udOH lrkqfha ;kslr u

fj<fmd< ;¾lkh u; mokïj jeä fma%laIl

msßila w;r ckm%sh ùug W;aidy lsÍuhs'

uyck fiajd udOH úldYfha wruqK úh hq;af;a

my; ioyka ,laIK iysj uyckhdg ksu.ak úh

yels wjldYhla iemhSuhs'

• ishÆ úoHq;a udOH úldYlhkag jevigyka

m%ñ;s ieliSfuka .=Kd;aul f;dr;=re ,nd

.ekSu i|yd uyckhdg we;s ysñlï imsÍu

• úYd, .%dyl msßila fkdue;s úfYaI

wjYH;d o we;=<;a jk mßÈ ksfhdackd;aul

nyq;ajjdoh fmdaIKh lsÍu

• fjk;a ixialD;Ska f;areï .ekSu Èß.ekafjk

yd iudcfha ixialD;sl uÜgu by< kexfjk

mßÈ wOHdmksl yd ixialD;sl udkhkag

fiajh lsÍu

• l¾;D uKav, wruqKqj,g yeu úg u

iudcfha yv njg m;a jkakg yels ùu

^iajdëk ksIamdolhkag uyck fiajd úldY

uxcqidj

12


fõÈldjla f,i Ndú;d lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd

§u o fuhg we;=<;a úh hq;= h'&

• udOH wka;¾.;hka ksIamdokfha yd

l<ukdlrKfha fhfokakka uyck

wNs,dIhka flfrys ixfõ§ yd ta fj;

wNsfma%rKh jQ msßila ùu

uyck fiajd udOH úldY meje;afuys ;¾lkh

jkafka tajd jdksc úldYlhka úiska ,ndfokq

,nk wka;¾.;hkag jvd fjkia wka;¾.;hka

msßkeóuhs' WodyrKhla f,i" ;ukag jeä

ckm%sh;ajhla ,efí kï jdksc úldYlfhda

ñ:Hdj m%j¾Okh lr;s' uyck fiajd udOH

úldY ;d¾lsl Ñka;kh m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd

ne§ isáhs'

ysgmq úoHq;a udOHfõÈfhl= yd hqfkiafldafõ

ysgmq wOHCIjrfhl= jk úchdkkao chùr

mjik mßÈ" ieneúka u iajdëk uyck fiajd

úldYhla hkq yqfola u fjkia wka;¾.;hla

we;s fõÈldjla muKla fkd fõ' th

m%cd;dka;%sl l%shdldß;ajh i|yd w;HjYH

wdh;khla o úh hq;= h'

zth cd;sl rEmjdysksh $ Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s

ixia:dj îîishla njg m;a lsÍu fkd fõ'

uyck fiajd udOH úldY i|yd ;sfnk tl

u wdo¾Yh îîiS muKla fkdfõ' hqfrdamfhka

tjeks wdo¾Y /ila fidhd .; yels h'

úfYaIfhka u" m%xYh" c¾uksh" fkdaäla rgj,a

yd cmdkh jeks rgj, tajd ;sfí' ish rdcH

udOH úldYhka id¾:l uyck fiajd udOH

úldY njg m;a lsÍu ms<sno fmda,ka;fha

w;aoelSfuka wmg fndfyda foa W.; yels h'Z

úchdkkao chùr úYajdi lrk mßÈ uyck

fiajd udOH úldY ue;sjrK w;r;=r§ ish

ld¾hidOkh ms<sno mqrjeishkag m%;spdr olajk

fuj,ï njg m;a ùu jHjia:dfjka u ;yjqre

lrk ,o wjYH;djla njg m;a l< hq;= h'

uyck fiajd udOH úldY i|yd wruqo,a iemhSu

fï fudfydf;a ishÆ rdcH udOH msÍ b;sÍ

hñka ;sfnkafka úúO wdKavqj,ska foaYmd,k

m;aùï ,o wld¾hlaIu ks,OdÍkaf.ks' fuu

;;a;ajh hqla;s hqla; lsÍfï ÿIalr wNsfhda.h o

m%;sixialrK iu. ne£ ;sfí'

fï fudfydf;a Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dfõ yd

iajdëk rEmjdyskS fiajfha m%Odk wdodhï jkafka

fjf<| oekaùï i|yd .=jka ld,h wf,ú lsÍuhs'

wOHdmksl yd fjk;a uyck jeo.;alula

we;s wka;¾.;hkag jdKsc wruqKq iys;

wka;¾.;hka iu. Rcqj ;r. lrkakg isÿ ù

;sfí' 2012§ ksoiqkla f,i Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS

ixia:dj re' ì,shk 1'85l wdodhula .=jka

ld,h úlsKSfuka o" re' ñ,shk 168la fjk;a

uQ,dY%j,ska o ,nd .;af;a h' thska ñ,shk 11la

rcfha m%odkhkah' Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj


kï fndfyda ÿrg rodmj;skafka uyd NdKavd.drh

úiska ,nd fokq ,nk Kh wruqo,a u;h'111

uyck fiajd úldYj, iajdëk;ajh yd

l%shdldß;ajh wkd.;fha we;s lsÍu i`oyd

m%udKj;a yd ;sridr wkaoñka wruqo,a ;sîu

b;d jeo.;a h' uyck fiajd úldY fjkqfjka

wdfhdackh lrkq ,nk nÿ uqo,a fmdÿ hym;

fjkqfjka lrk wdfhdack f,i ie,lsh yels

h' tys§ uyck fiajd úldY úiska bgq lrkq

,nk wOHdmk" ixialD;sl yd udOH N+ñldj

ie,ls,a,g .; yels h'

uyck fiajd úldY fjkqfjka wruqo,a

iïmdokh lrk moku úúOdx.SlrKh lsÍu

i|yd fjk;a uq,H Wmdhud¾. o fiúh hq;=

h' jdksc iyfhda.h wdl¾Ykh fkd jk

fujeks fmdÿ hym; i|yd bjy,a jk jHdmD;s

fjkqfjka f,d;/hs fhdod .; yels h' fjk;a

wruqo,a úl,am w;r .Dyia: rEmjdyskS yd

f¾äfhda Ndú;d lrkakkaf.ka uqo,la wh

lsÍu" fmfg%da,shï jeks wêl wf,úhla we;s

NdKavj,ska iq¿ noaola wh lsÍu fyda we;eï

mdßfNda.sl NdKavj,ska noaola wh lsÍu

ie,lsh yels h'

ksoiqkla f,i" ;dhs,ka; uyck fiajd udOH

úldY i|yd m%Odk wruqo,a iïmdok ud¾.h

jkafka u;ameka yd ÿïfld<j,ska wh lrkq ,nk

nÿ h' idudkH whjeh l%shdj,s yryd .uka fkd

Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation Annual Report 2012. http://www.parliament.lk/uploads/documents/paperspresented/annual_report_srilanka_rupavahini_corporation_2012.pdf

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/opinion/Thai-PBS-belongs-to-the-people-not-those-in-power-30282141.html

111

lr" fïjd Rcqj u nÿ ksfhdað;dh;kj,ska wod<

wruqo,a fj; fhduq fõ' fuu l%uh uq,§ ilikq

,enqfõ uyck fiajd úldYlhka foaYmd,k

n,mEug ,la ùu je<elaùughs'112

tlai;a ckmofha lrkakdla fuka f,d;/hs

uKav,j,g ish ,dNfhka fldgila uyck

fiajd úldYj, .=Kd;aul wOHdmksl yd

m%didx.sl wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd

fhoúh yels h'

fï jk úg re' ì,shkhla muK ù ;sfnk

nj úYajdi lrk" 2006 jif¾ isg wdkhksl

rEmjdyskS wka;¾.;hkaf.ka wh lrk ,o

nÿj,ska ieÈ wruqo, o uyck fiajd úldY

fjkqfjka fhoúh yels h'

ikaksfõok Ydia;%{ wdpd¾h frdydka iurÔj

iïuqL idlÉPdjl§ fufia mejiS h( zY%S ,xld

.=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS mk;a oeka iïmQ¾Kfhka

u h,a mek .sh tajd h' tajd iïmdokh lrkq

,enqfõ óg oYl .Kkdjlg by; mej;s

wd¾:sl" idudðl yd ;dlaIKsl ;;a;ajhkag

m%;spdrd;aulj h' tajd hdj;ald,Sk l< hq;=j

;sfí' tfy;a îîiS jeks uyck fiajd úldYhla

ia:srj mj;ajdf.k hdfï Odß;djla Y%S ,xldjg

;sfí o hkak ug iy;sl ke;'Z

uE;§ ,shk ,o ,smshl Tyq uyck fiajd udOH

wka;¾.;h iïnkaOfhka wruqo,la fhdackd

112


ks ¾ f oa Y ( rch úiska l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nk rchg

wh;a Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj" rEmjdyskS

ixia:dj yd iajdëk rEmjdyskS fiajh ieneúka

u iajdëk uyck fiajd udOH úldY njg m;a

lsÍu i|yd rch kS;s mk;a ixfYdaOkh l<

hq;= h' tu`.ska lsisÿ foaYmd,k we`.s,s .eiSulska

f;drj uyck wNs,dIhka fjkqfjka fiajh

lsÍug tajdg mq¿jk' uyck fiajd úldYj,

md,k jHQy rcfhka iajdëk úh hq;= w;r

tajdg mQ¾K ixialdrl ksoyi ;sìh hq;= h'

uyck fiajd úldY rcfhka ksoyia ùu

kS;sfhka ;yjqre l< hq;= h' ta i|yd iajdëk

md,k jHqy m;a l< hq;= h' md,l uKav,fhka

o ixialdrl ksoyi yd jD;a;sl ksoyi wdrlaId

l< hq;= h' uyck fiajd úldY fjkqfjka kS;s

iïmdokh lsÍfï§ hqfrdamfha" lekvdfõ yd

wdishdfõ udÈ,s /ila wkq.ukh l< yels h'

uyck fiajd udOH úldY wruqo,ays È.=ld,Sk

iqrlaIs;nj rch ;yjqre l< hq;= h' tajd

ys;=jlaldr foaYmd,k ueÈy;a ùïj,ska yd

fjf<|fmd< n,fõ.j,ska ksoyia úh hq;=

h' uyck fiajd úldY i|yd fmdÿ wruqo,a

hdka;%Khla ;sìh hq;= h'

rfÜ iqúfYaI uyck fiajd wjYH;d

flfrys úfYaIs; wjOdkh fhduq lrñka

uyckudOHj, uyck fiajd ld¾hhka

hï wdldrhlska meyeÈ,s jk mßÈ kS;s

iïmdokh l< hq;= h'

uyck fiajd udOH Y%S ,xldfõ ck;djg

j.lSfï Okd;aul ne£ula we;s lsÍu msKsi

kS;s f.k wd hq;= h' md¾,sfïka;=j yryd fuka

u .%dyl iñ;s msysgqùfuka yd Rcqj uyckhd

iu. wka;¾ l%shdldÍ ùfuka jevigyka j,g

,nd .kakd m%;spdr u`.ska tfia l< yels h'

lf<a h' tu`.ska jdKsc wruqKq iys; fm!oa.,sl

ksIamdolhka úiska lrkq we;ehs n,dfmdfrd;a;=

úh fkd yels Wiia ksIamdok fjkqfjka wkq.%yh

,nd Èh hq;= h'

wdpd¾h iurÔj th fufia úia;r lf<a h'

z.=Kd;aul wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh lsÍug

leu;s ´kEu udOH ksIamdolhl=g j.lSï iy.;"

idOdrK yd úksúo fmfkkiq¿ f,i iykdOdr

,nd §ug wruqo,la yd l<ukdlrK jHQyhla

ilia l< yels h' uqo,a ,eìh hq;af;a uyd

NdKavd.drfhks' ukao" fm!oa.,sl ksIdmolhka

u; wh lrkq ,nk ´kEu noaola fya;=fjka

Tjqkag wka;¾cd, mdol wdrlaIdjla wjYH úh

yels h' wka;¾.;h úkS; iudchla fjkqfjka

wjYH tlla kï yd wm th w.h lrkafka kï"

wm th fjkqfjka f.úh hq;= h' wmg wkjYH

n,mEï wffO¾hh lrkakg mq¿jk' tfy;a" tys

id¾:l;ajh iïnkaOfhka j. úh fkd yels

h' foaYmd,kslj fufyhfjk uyck fiajd

udOHj, wruqo,a iSñ; jkakg ;sfnk bv fuys

we;s fjkihs' fuu uqo,a m%pdrKh fjkqfjka

fhdod .ekSug bv wju h' krlu foh jkafka

iajdëk ksIamdolhkag jvd jeäfhka mdlaIsl

ksIamdolhka uqo,a ,nd .kakg ;sfnk bvhs'Z113

Public media or public media organisations in Sri Lanka? Rohan Samarajiva. Lanka Business Online (LBO), 14 January 2015. http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/public-media-or-public-media-organizations-in-sri-lanka/

113


ví' wd¾' úfÊfidau

úiska 1993 ud¾;=

3 o whs,kaâ

mqj;am;g w¢k ,o

ldgqkhla'

o¾Yk lreKd;s,l

úiska ,laìu

mqj;am;g w¢k ,o

ldgqkhla'


3 04 uyck fiajd udOH

úldYl fufyhqï

u`.ska lsisÿ lafIa;%hl

úIu;djla we;s lrkq

fkd ,eîu

;Hka;rj ms<s.;a w¾: ksrEmKh yd

wod< uyck fiajd udOH úldY Y%S

,xldfõ fkdue;' rchg wh;a

rEmjdyskS úldY jk Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dj

yd iajdëk rEmjdysksh i;= ishÆ kd,sld flan,a"

wka;¾cd, yd pkaøsld fiajd Tiafia úldYh jk

ksid úIu;djla isÿ jkafka ke;' flfia fj;;a"

th isÿ jkafka .%dyl b,aÆu ksid ñi lsisÿ

kS;suh ;;a;ajhla ;=< fkd fõ'

zzjHQyd;aula m%;sixialrK M,odhS ùug kï"

rdcH udOH j;auka fjf<|fmd< r|d

meje;afuka ksoyia úh hq;= h' Y%S ,xld

.=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj yd Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS

ixia:dj kv;a;= úh hq;= jkafka oekaùï

yd wkq.%dyl;aj wdodhfuks' úúO rchka

úiska rdcH udOH Ndú;d lrk uq;a thg

wruqo,a imhkafka ke;' tneúka rcfha

udOHj,g oejeka; jdksc mSvkhla ;sfí'

th rdcH udOH uyckhdg ksis f,i

fiajh lsÍu j<lajhs'

Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dj uyck fiajd

udOH úldY wdh;khla f,i meyeÈ,sj

ia:dms; lr ke;suq;a" mkf;ys uyck

fiajh .ek i|yka fõ' wjdikdjlg fuka

foaYmd,k ueÈy;aùï ksid fuh wvmK ù

;sfí' wm uq,a mkf;a wruqKq yd wNsm%dhka

lrd wdmiq hd hq;= nj o" ixia:dj foaYmd,k

n,fõ.j, n,mEfuka ksoyia l< hq;= nj

o uu fhdackd lrñ' Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS

ixia:dj iajdëk uyck fiajd udOH

úldYhla njg mßj¾;kh úh hq;= h' tfy;a

th imqrd .ekSu myiq ld¾hhla fkd fõ'ZZ

fudydka iurkdhl"

udOHfõ§ yd úYaf,aIl"

Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dfõ ysgmq iNdm;s

zzwe;eï rEmjdyskS kd,sld m%pKav;ajh

yd urK .ek jd¾;d lrk wdldrfhka

uu lïmkhg;a" ms<sl=,g;a m;a ù isáñ'

fuu fYdaLckl isoaê w;sYh Woafõ.lr

f,i jd¾;d lrkq ,efí' th wmf.a iudc

foayhg ydkshls'

Y%S ,xldjg uyck fiajd udOH úldYhla

wjYH h' wmf.a cd;sl rEmjdysksh cmdkh

úiska wmg ÿka ;E.a.la jk w;r wms trg

tka'tÉ'fla' uyck fiajd úldYfha fyd|

iïm%odhka o ,enqfjuq' tfy;a" oeka tajd

fldys o@ wms rEmjdysksh msysgqùfï§ mej;s

woyiaj,ska iEfyk ÿrla ú;eka ù isáuq'

tys uq,a wruqK jqfKa uyck wOHdmkhg

wjOdkh fhduq lsÍuhs'ZZ

fyau k,ska lreKdr;ak"

l<ukdlrK wOHlaI" fyßfÜÊ àù

cd


3 05 iajdëk yd

mdroDIH rdcH

md,khla ;sîu

Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dfõ yd .=jka

úÿ,s ixia:dfõ ishÆ wOHCI uKav,

idudðlhka m;a lrkq ,nkafka udOH

Ndr weu;sjrhd úisks' lsisÿ fya;= oelaùulska

f;drj ´kEu wjia:djl Tjqka fkrmd yeßh

yels h' ld¾h uKav,h w¾O rdcH ixia:d

fiajlfhda fj;s' fï fya;= mlaImd;S ixialdrl

wdjrKhg fya;= fõ'

ck úldY úúO;ajh fyda wdxYsl ksfhdackfha

úúO;ajh wdrlaId lsÍug kS;suh ne§ula

tajdg fkdue;' l,ska l,g" úúO weu;sjreka

hgf;a úúO uÜgïj, jd¾.sl ixhq;Ska ;sfnk

l<ukdlrK uKav, m;a lr ;sfí'

fuu ieleiau iajdëk fyda mdroDIH ke;' th

os.= l,la ;siafia foaYmd,k wruqKq fjkqfjka

wmyrKh lrkq ,nk njg ks;r fpdaokd t,a,

fõ' m%Odk ue;sjrK iuhkaysoS fïjdfha yeisÍu

WodyrKhlg .; yel¡

ta wkqj iajdëk udOH úldY kshduljrhl=f.a

wjYH;dj meyeos,s h' tfy;a tys iajdëk;ajh

;yjqre lsÍu b;d jeo.;a h'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( rchg wh;a uqøs; udOHj, wkd.;

;;a;ajh ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd uyck woyia

úuiSula meje;aúh hq;= h' tajd uyck

fiajd udOH njg m;a lsÍu" iïmQ¾Kfhka

u fm!oa.,SlrKh lsÍu yd ysñldß;ajh

mq¿,a lsÍu hkd§ ishÆ úi÷ï i,ld

ne,sh hq;= h'

rdcH úoHq;a udOH úldYlhka ienE uyck

fiajd udOH úldY njg m;a l< hq;= h'

tajd wëlaIKh l< hq;af;a iajdëk md,l

uKav, úisks' tajd md¾,sfïka;=j Tiafia

uyck;djg j. úh hq;= h'

YS%


3 06 uyck

fiajd úldYh

uyck;dj yd isú,a

iudc ixúOdk iu.

iïnkaO ùu

nE uyck fiajd ke;s ksid fuu

woyi wod< jkafka rcfha úoHq;a

udOH úldYlhkaghs'

Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dj yd .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj

i;=j .%dyl m¾fhaIK tall ;sfí' tu`.ska ia:djrj

iólaIK isÿ lrk w;r uyck m%;sfmdaIKh

,nd .kq ,efí' tfy;a" wNHka;r f;dr;=re wkqj"

tjeks fidhd .ekSï jevigyka iïmdolhkag yd

l<ukdlrejka wka;¾.;h yd .%dyl iyNd.s;ajh

jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd fhdod fkd.kS'

rdcH úoHq;a udOH úldYlfhda fuka u fndfyda

jdksc úldYlfhda o we;eï jevigyka wdlD;s

u`.ska uyck;dj iïnkaO lr .ks;s' iÔù

idlÉPduh jevigyka iu. ÿrl:kfhka

iïnkaO ùug wjia:dj §u WodyrKhls'

tfy;a" fuu wjia:d iSud iys; h' jevigyka

iu. .%dylhkag ÿrl:kfhka iïnkaO

ùug ,nd fok wjia:d b;d fkd .eUqre h'

u;fNaod;aul úIhka iïnkaOfhka .%dylhkag

woyia m< lsÍug wjia:d ,nd fokafka

l,d;=rlsks' tjeks ÿrl:k weu;=ï ,nd fokakka

l,ska mÍlaIdjg Ndckh lr l%shdj,shg wkq.;

lrkq ,efí' tneúka tajd iyNd.S idlÉPd i|yd

wjia:d f,i ie,lsh fkd yels h'

wka;¾cd, m%;spdr" m%isoaO /iaùï yd fjk;a

uyckhd fj; msúfik úl,am l%u uyck;dj

iu. iïnkaO ùu i|yd fhdod .ekSfï

W;aidyhla ke;'

rcfha úoHq;a udOH wdh;kj, l<ukdlrK

uKav,j,g mqoa.,hka kï lsÍfï ks,

wjia:djla uyck;djg fyda isú,a ixúOdkj,g

,efnkafka ke;' úoHq;a udOH úldYlhl=

úiska úldYh lrk ,o m%YakldÍ wka;¾.;hla

iïnkaOfhka ks, jYfhka meñKs,s l< yels

wdldrhla ke;' rcfha úldYlhka j.ùfï fyda

uyckhdg jevigyka m%;sm;a;sj,g n,mEï

lsÍfï l%uhla ke;'

ldka;dj yd udOH iduqyslh zzg%dkaiafmarkais

bkag¾keIk,aZZ úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh jeks

n,mEï lKavdhï jk isú,a iudc ixúOdk

rdcH úµq;a úldYhka ksÍCIKh lrñka újrKh

lrkq ,efí' ta ue;sjrK" ldka;dj ksrEmKh

lsÍu jeks úfYaIs; ldrKdj,g wod<jhs' tfy;a"

úldYlhka tjeks lKavdhï ks, iajrEmfhka

iïnkaOlr .kafka ke;'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( iajdëk uyck fiajd udOH úldY y÷kajd

§u i|yd isú,a iudc ixúOdk il%shj

n,mEï l< hq;= h' tajd mj;ajdf.k

hdu i|yd wruqo,a fidhd .ekSug o

ks¾udKd;aul l%u fiúh hq;= h'

ks¾udKd;aul yd ld¾hlaIu iajrEmfhka

uyck;dj iu. iïnkaO ùu i|yd Y%S

,xldfõ uyckudOH Okd;aul f,i

j.lsj hq;= ;;a;ajhg m;a l< hq;= h'

tu`.ska jevigyka uyck wjYH;d bgq

lrk nj ;yjqre l< hq;= h' úfYaIfhka

u" .%dyl iñ;s ks¾udKh lsÍfuka uyck

u;hg ijka §ug ie,eiaúh yels h'

ie


OH kshdukh hkq kS;Hdkql+,j m;a

lrk ,o kshduk jHQyhka úiska

udOHj,g u. fmkaùu fyda md,kh

lsÍuhs' tjeks kshdukhka l< yels wdldr fufia h(

• kS;s" fr.=,dis" mámdá

• úúO wruqKq ^Wod( uyck wNs,dIhka

wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd rch ueÈy;a ùu&

• ;r.ldß;ajh yd ld¾hlaIu udOH

fj<ofmd<la Èß .ekaùfuka

• fmdÿ ;dlaIKsl m%ñ;s we;s lsÍfuka

úúOdldrfha udOH kshduk hdka;%hka ;sfí'

tys idrdxYhla fufia h(

kshduk l%uh úia;rh WodyrK

rcfha fr.=,dis jHjia:dms; jHQyhla kS;sfhka msysgqjd fyda rch

úiska md,kh lr ;sfnk úg'

1973 wxl 5 mk;ska

msysgqjk ,o Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a uKav,h

iajdëk

jHjia:dms;

kshduk

rcfhka fuka u udOHj,ska o iajdhla; fõ¡

kS;sfhka msysgqjd ;sfí¡

fvkaudrlfha mqj;am;a

uKav,

iajhx kshduk udOHfha iajhxj mkjk ,o kS;s moaO;shla

wkqj lrkq ,nk iu lKavdhï újrKh'

thg udOH jD;a;sfha ksfhdað;hka wh;a fõ'

ixlS¾K ldrKd iïnkaOfhka ;Skaÿ §fï§

mqj;am;a l,d wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla mdol lr

.kS'

2003 isg mj;sk

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

meñKs,s fldñIu

iu kshdukh rcfha yd udOH l¾udka;fha kshduk

moaO;shla' tfy;a tu`.ska rcfha fuka u udOH

l¾udka;fha n,mEfuka o iajdëk;ajh ;yjqre

fõ'

1999§ jHjia:dms;

kS;shla u`.ska msysgqjkq

,enQ bkaÿkSishdfõ

mqj;am;a uKav,

j.=j 2 ( úúO udOH kshduk hdka;%K

udOH ;uka úiska ;uka u kshdukh lr.ekSu

weud


3 07 uqøs; yd úoHq;a

úldY udOH

i;=j Yla;su;a iajhx

kshdukhla ;sîu

http://www.pccsl.lk/

http://www.pccsl.lk/sites/default/files/Code-English.pdf

114

miq.sh jir 12 ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ uqøs; udOH

wdh;k úiska iajhx kshduk l%uhla

ilia lrf.k ixj¾Okh lr .ksñka

;sfí' flfia fj;;a" úoHq;a udOH úldY wxYh

tjekakla ilia lr .; hq;=j ;sfí'

Y% S ,xldj hkq iajhx kshdukhla yÿkajd

ÿka ol=Kq wdishdfõ m<uq rghs' thg

mqj;am;a l¾udka;fhka mq¿,a iyfhda.

hla ,eìKs' mqj;am;a" i.rd yd mqj;am;aj,

wka;¾cd, ixialrKhkaf.a jerÈ ksjerÈ

lsÍfï wruqKska 2003 Tlaf;danrfha§

wdrïN lrk ,o Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s

fldñIu iafõÉPd kshduk hdka;%Khls' tys

iudrïNlhla jQfha Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a iudch"

l¾;D ixioh" ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh yd Y%S

,xld jD;a;Sh m;%l,dfõ§kaf.a ix.uhhs'114

Y% S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu

l% shd;aul jkafka 1995 wxl 15 orK mkf;a

iu:" ueÈy;aùï yd l% shd;aul lsÍï uQ,O¾u

wkqjhs' udOH wka;¾.;hka ms<sno uyck

meñKs,s ksoyia" idOdrK yd fõ.j;a

f,i úNd. lsÍu tys wruqKhs' iu:

lsÍug W;aidy lr th wid¾:l jqjfyd;a

ueÈy;aùfuka yd wjidk úi`ÿu f,i .egqï

úi§fï uKav,hla u`.ska l% shd;aul lsÍug

tu`.ska lghq;= lrkq ,efí' l% shd;aul

lrùfï n,h mk; hgf;a fld<U

uydêlrKh fj; mejf¾'

.egqï úi§fï uKav,h idudðlhka 11lska

iukaú; fõ' Tjqkaf.ka yhfofkla isú,a

iudc ksfhdað;hka jk w;r b;sß miafofkla

yd fcHIaG ckudOHlrefjda h' l¾;D uKav,

wka;¾.;h i|yd wdpdr Od¾ñl m%ñ;sh ilikq

,nkafka Y%S ,xld l¾;D ixioh jD;a;Sh wdpdr

O¾u ix.%yh wkqjhs' th mqj;am;a meñKs,s

fldñiu úiska ms<sf.k ;sfí' 2014 jif¾§

wjika jrg ixialrKh lrk ,o th úiska uqøs;

udOH i|yd wdpdrOd¾ñl l%shdldÍ rduqjla ilid

;sfí' ksrjoHNdjh fjkqfjka lghq;= lrñka

uyck wNs,dIhka by<g Tijd ;nñka lghq;=

lsÍfï yelshdj uqøs; udOHj,g thska ,efí'115

zzl¾;D ixiofha jD;a;Sh

ud¾f.damfoaY ms<sn|j uyckhd

±ka ±kqj;ah' tfy;a ;j l< hq;=

oE fndfydah'ZZ

- l=ud¾ kfâika

iNdm;s

mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu

^jd¾Isl jd¾;dj" 2014&

115


http://www.mediareformlanka.com/sites/default/files/archival_files/Sri%20Lanka%20Press%20Council%20Code%20of%20Ethics%20for%20Journalists.pdf

116

1980 oYlfha§ fcHaIaG udOHfõ§ka úiska ilik

,o merKs wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla o ;sfí' th

m%ldYhg m;a lr ;sfnkafka z1973 wxl 5

orK Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a uKav, kS;sfha 30 ^i&

fldgi wkqj Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a uKav,h úiska

mkjk ,o yd tu kS;sfha 30 ^3& fldgi wkqj

md¾,sfïka;=j úiska wkqu; lrk ,o kS;sZ

f,ihs' th 1981 Tlaf;dan¾ 14 Èk rcfha .eiÜ

ksfõokh u`.ska m%isoaO lrk ,§'116

tu wdpdr O¾u ix.%yh fuka u th fhdackd

l< mqj;am;a uKav,h o Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§ka fndfyda fofkl= w;r È.= ld,hla

;siafia úfõpkhg ,la ù ;sfí'

jir 12l ld,h ;=< Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s

fldñIfï ld¾hidOkh

fï jk úg ishÆ mqj;am;a fkdjqKo" nyq;rhla

isxy," fou< yd bx.%Sis mqj;am;a úiska Y%S

,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIfï iajhx

kshdukh ms<s f.k ;sfí' 2003 isg 2014

wjidkh olajd Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s

fldñIu úiska meñKs,s 1700la Ndr f.k ;sfí'

th jirlg 150l idudkHhls'

2014§ Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIfï

úiska meñKs,s 291la Ndr .kakd ,§' NdIdj wkqj

úYaf,aIKh l< úg th fufia h(

isxy, mqj;am;aj,g tfrysj 167

Y%S ,dxlsl udOH i|ydjD;a;Sh wdpdrO¾u Ndú;h

jD;a;Sh wdpdrO¾u uq,ska u ilikq

,enqfõ 2003 - 4 iufha§ udOH i|yd

iodpdrd;aul jevrduqjla f,ihs' th Ndú;d

lrñka ´kEu m%;s.ukhla ;lafiare lsÍug

uyck;djg wjia:dj ie,isKs'

wdpdrO¾u ix.%yh wdrïN jkafka my;

i|yka jpkj,sks' mqj;am;a m%ldYk

iud.ï" l¾;Djre iy Tjqkaf.a mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§ka$fõÈkshka fukau uqøs;iy

wka;¾cd, ,shqïlrejka" flfrys n,mdk fï

udOH jD;a;Sh m%;sm;a;s ix.%yh" Y%S ,xld udOH

ksoyiaj o mdGl wjYH;d iy wfmalaId ms<sn|

j.lSfuka yd ixfõ§;dfjka hq;=j o mj;ajd

.ekSu;a ta w;ru mqj;am;a l,dfõ Wiia;u

m%ñ;s wdrlaId lsÍu;a wruqKq fldg .;a;ls'Z

wdpdrO¾u ix.%yfhys fldgia 12la ;sfí'

ta fufia h(

mQ¾úldj" ksjerÈ jd¾;dlrKh" ksjerÈ

lsÍï yd iudj .ekSï" ms<s;=re §fï wjia:dj"

uQ,dY%j, ryiHNdjh" idudkH jd¾;dlrKh

yd ,sùu" fm!oa.,sl;ajh" ysßyer yd lmálï

jD;a;Sh f.!rjh" w¾: ksrEmKh

th wdrïNfha u fufia oelafõ'

zfï udOH jD;a;Sh m%;sm;a;s ud,dj" mqoa.,hdf.a

whs;sh fukau lreKq oek .ekSug fmdÿ

ck;djg we;s whs;sh o wdrlaId lrhs' ta

whs;sh m%ldYkfhka fukau yrfhka o

iïmQ¾Kfhkau wdrlaId úh hq;= w;ru mqoa.,

whs;sh flfrys oelafjk f.!rjhg wod,j

tys wka;¾.; j.lSu wka lsisjlg ys,jq jk

;rug mgq wkaoñka fyda fmdÿck iqnisoaêh

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mq¿,aj fyda ks¾jpkh fkdúh hq;af;ah'Z

mQ¾úldfjys fufia o oelafõ( zmeñKs,s úi£fï

§ l¾;Djreka$jßhka YS% ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s

fldñiu iu. laIKsl iyfhda.s;dfjka

lghq;= l< hq;=h' jD;a;Sh m%;sm;a;s ud,dj

W,a,x>kh lr we;ehs ks.ukh jk iEu

m%ldYkhlau tu ;Skaÿj ksis m%uqL;djla yd

mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñiu ms<sn| i|ykla

iys; isria;,hla o we;sj m< l< hq;af;ah'Z

uxcqidj

13

jD


PCCSL 2014 Annual Report. http://www.pccsl.lk/sites/default/files/AnualReport-2014-Englis%28Updated%29.pdf

117

fou< mqj;am;aj,g tfrysj 47

bx.%Sis mqj;am;aj,g tfrysj 70

uqøs; udOHj,g wod< fkd jk meñKs,s y;la

o úh' th Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIfï

úIh m:hg wod, fkd fõ'

miq.sh oYlh ;=< meñKs,sj,ska 80]la úNd.

lrk ,§' Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu

mjikafka oeka udOH fuka u uyck;dj o fuu

iajhx kshduk ixl,amh ms<s f.k we;s njhs'

fuys§" f,alï ld¾hd,h úiska y÷kdf.k ;sfnk

ldrKhla jkafka jeä meñKs,s ixLHdjla úkaÈ;

mdGlhka yd mqj;am;a l;=jreka w;r idlÉPd

u`.ska úiod .kq ,nk njhs' thg Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

meñKs,s fldñIfï ueÈy;a ùula ke;' 2014 jif¾

jd¾Isl jd¾;dj wkqj" zY%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s

fldñIfï ks, ueÈy;aùulska f;drj ksjerÈ

lsÍï" meyeÈ,s lsÍï" iudj .ekSï yd ms<s;=re §fï

ysñlu ms<s.ekSï ixLHdj jeä ùu o fldñIu

úiska lrk ,o n,mEï fya;=fjka mdGlhka

fl<ska u l¾;Djrekag l;d lr ish ysñlï

;yjqre lr .kakd nj yd l¾;Djreka wdpdr O¾u

iïnkaOfhka jeämqr ie,ls,su;a ùu o idOkSh

,laIK jk w;r th jD;a;Sh udOHlrKhl

wruqK fj; <.d ùug bjy,a ;sfí'Z117

Y%S ,xldfõ rEmjdyskS úldYlhka w;r l¾udka;

ikaOdkhla ^wdh;k tluq;=jla& fyda l¾udka;h

zzl¾;Djrekaf.a wdpdrO¾u ix.%yh

fyda mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIfï

wdpdrO¾u ix.%yh fyda mrudo¾YS

tajd fkd fõ' tajd jeäÈhqKq

lsÍug bvla we;s njg ielhla

ke;' tfy;a" iajhx kshdukfha

uQ,O¾uh wp," i;H tlls' thg

úl,amh f,i rcfha jHjia:dms;

wdh;khla m;a lsÍu ms<s;=r fkd

fõ' th Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;a ksoyi

i|yd w;HjYH fldkafoaishls'

tys hymeje;au mj;skafka th

w; u h' ;u wNs,dIhka yd rfÜ

ck;djf.a wNs,dIhka wkqj th

wdrlaId lr .ekSu yd m%j¾Okh

lsÍu l¾udka;fha;a" jD;a;sfha;a fh§

isákakkaf.a;a j.lSuls'ZZ

isxy r;ak;=x."

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñifï

wOHlaI uKav, iNdm;s

^2014 ckjdßfha mej;s 10jk jd¾Isl

ixj;airfha§&

http://www.pccsl.lk/sites/default/files/IC%20Final%20Report.pdf


http://www.pccsl.lk/sites/default/files/PCCSL%2010%20th%20Anniversary%20Souvenir.pdf

100 100

mqrd úysÿKq iajhx kshduk hdka;%Khla olakg

ke;' Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIfï

oyjk ixj;airfha§ ioyka jQ ldrKhla jkafka

oekaùï jD;a;slhka" úldY l¾udka;h yd

wka;¾cd, Ndú;d lrkakka w;r zmq¿,a wdpdr

O¾u ix.%yhlaZ118 fjkqfjka talu;sl;ajhla

we;s lr .ekSu i|yd W;aidy .ksñka we;s njhs'

tfy;a" th ;ju isÿ ù ke;'

tlai;a ckmofha ixialdrl wdpdrO¾u lñgqfõ

f,alï bhka î,aia Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s

fldñIfï oijk cd;Hka;r ixj;air iNdj

wu;ñka mejiqfõ mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a

iajhx kshdukh yd wdpdr O¾u úiska nqoaêu;a"

ir," idOdrK yd l%shd;aul l< yels m%ñ;s

f.dvke.sh hq;=j we;s njhs' wjYH kï tla

tla ixialdrljrekag yd m%ldYlhkag by<

wdpdr Od¾ñl m%ñ;s mj;ajdf.k hdug ksoyi

;sìh hq;= h'

zudOH moaO;sh ienE" wjHdc iajhx kshdukhla

iys; úh hq;= h' th ;=< rcfha yd fjk;a

wNs,dIhkaf.a n,mEfuka iajdëk;ajh ;sìh

hq;= h' idOdrK;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd

idudðl iyfhda.h b;d jeo.;a h' th yqfola

u tla" tla ixialdrljreka Tjqkaf.a jdksc

;r.lrejka w;ska Wjukdjg jvd r¿ f,i

úksYaph lsÍug ,la ùfuka je<elaùug muKla

iSud fkd úh hq;= h' oKavkhka jrfoys

m%udKhg ñi wêl fkd úh hq;= h' fuu

zzY%S ,xldfõ iajhx kshdukfha

b;sydih w;HjYHfhka u wêl;r

rdcH md,khg yd m%ydrhkag

m%;spdrhls' udOHj, n,h hgm;a

lsÍu olskakg wmg Wjukdjla ke;'

iajhx kshdukh thg we;s úi÷fuys

fldgils' ;j;a m%Odk uQ,sldx.hla

jkfka udOH iajdëk;ajhhs'

tu`.ska iajhx jdrKh je<elaúh

yels h' rdcHh úiska iajdëk;ajh

;¾ckhla f,i fkd oelsh hq;= h'

ula ksid o h;a th ck;dj fj; ksis

wkaoñka f;dr;=re .,d hdu ;yjqre

lsÍug Wmldr jk neúks'

woyia oelaùu ksoyia h hk u;h

;ju;a udkj ysñlï jákdlïj,g

.re lsÍfï wjYH;dj iu. ne£

;sfí' ldka;djkag tfrysj fyda

úúO lKavdhïj,g tfrysj fyda

fjkia u;jdoj,g tfrysj fyda

udOHj, mlaImd;s;ajh ms<s .;

fkd yels h' mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag o

kS;s{hka kS;s{ ix.uh yryd ,nd

.kakd wdldrfha wdh;ksl iyfhda.

hla wjYH h' Y%S ,xldfõ iajhx

kshdukh úiska fiajh lrkafka

fuu N+ñldjghs' tu`.ska m%ldYkfha

ksoyig o iydh fõ'ZZ

uydpd¾h idú;%s .=Kfialr"

f.!rj uydpd¾h"

fld<U úYajúoHd,h

^mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñifï 10jk

ixj;air iuq¿j wu;ñka&

118


Self Regulation and Ethical Reporting: Report on the Conference Celebrating 10th Anniversary of PCCSL. January 2014. http://www.pccsl.lk/sites/default/files/IC%20Final%20Report.pdf

http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2009/07/sril-j01.html and http://www.bbc.co.uk/sinhala/news/story/2009/06/090627_press.shtml

https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2014/sri-lanka#.VUL0uvDkqSo

120 121

uQ,O¾u úiska ixialD;sl fjkialï i|yd

ksoyig bv fokq ,efí'Z119

l,lg fmr l,a bl=;a ù .sh

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a uKav,h

1973§ tjlg mej;s rch úiska Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

uKav,h kï jHjia:dms; wdh;khla m;a lrk

,§ (SLPC, http://slpc.lk) thg udOHj,g tfrys

meñKs,s úNd. lsÍfï yd ovqjï meñKùfï

o ie,lsh hq;= n,hla ;sìKs' jir 40la muK

ld,hla ;siafia th ckudOHlrejkaf.a ms<sl=<g

n÷ka úh'

1973 wxl 5 ork mqj;am;a uKav, kS;sh

hgf;a rch úiska uKav,hg idudðlhka

y;afofkl= kï lrk ,§' ta w;rg ckudOH

ix.ï ksfhdað;hl= yd mqj;am;a l¾udka;fha

wjYH;djka ksfhdackh lrkakl= o we;=<;a

úh hq;= úh' mqj;am;a uKav,hg jerÈlrejka

jk ckudOHlrejkag yd ixialdrljrekag isr

o~qjï yd fjk;a o~qjï §fï n,h o ;sfí' th

Èia;%sla Widú n,;,j,g iudk h' tu mk;

úiska we;eï rdcH uq,H yd wdrlaIl f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lsÍu ;ykï lr ;sfí'

msysgqjk ,o Èk isg m;a jQ úúO wdKavq úiska

ckudOHlrejka fm<Su i|yd Ndú;d lrk

,o mqj;am;a uKav,h 2002§ md¾,sfïka;=fõ

oaúmd¾Yaùh fhdackdjla u`.ska wl%sh lrk

,§' flfia fj;;a" wod< kS;sh ;j ÿrg;a

mj;sk w;r" 2009§ isú,a hqoaOh wjika ù u|

l,lg miq rdcmlaI wdKavqj úiska mqj;am;a

uKav,h h<s mK .kajk ,§' fuhg udOH

wdh;k yd n,mEu lKavdhï úiska oeä f,i

úfrdaOh m< lrk ,§'120 iq¿fjka mgka .;a

th" thg yeu udOH wdh;khla u wdjrKh

lsÍfï n,h ;sfnk ksid 2012 jk úg yeu

wxYhl u l%shd;aul fjñka ;Skaÿ §ug

lghq;= lrñka ;sìKs'121

2015 ckjdßfha§ n,h ,nd .;a isßfiak

úl%uisxy wdKavqj úiska fndfyda ld,hla ;siafia

mqj;am;a uKav,hg idudðlhka m;a fkd lrk

,§' tfy;a" ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak úiska

2015 cq,s 02od ysáyeáfha mqj;am;a uKav,hg

idudðlhka m;a lrñka kej; mK .kajk ,§'

thg úfrdaOh m< lrñka ksfõokhla ksl=;a l<

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a ix.uh" l¾;D ixioh" ksoyia

udOH jHdmdrh yd jD;a;Sh ckudOHfõ§kaf.a

ix.uh mejiqfõ ckdêm;sjrhdf.a l%shdud¾.h

kS;s úfrdaë njhs' fuu l%shdud¾.h .ekSfï§

md¾Yajlrejkaf.ka woyia úuiSfï uQ,sl

wdpdrYS,s;ajh Tyqg fkd ;snqKq nj tu

ksfõokh mjihs'

tys fufia o oelafõ( zrch úiska m;a lrkq

,nk m;%l,d uKav,h kej; msysgqùu ksid

ckudOHlrejka isr.; lsÍug o yels mq¿,a

119


Media groups slam Sirisena for bringing back Press Council. The Sunday Times, 5 July 2015. http://www.sundaytimes.lk/150705/news/media-groups-slam-sirisena-for-bringing-back-press-council-155671.html

122

zzY%S ,xldfõ úoHq;a úldY udOH

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tajdfha jerÈ ms<sn|j mqrjeishka úiska

bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk meñKs,s /ila udOH

wud;HdxYh fj; ,efí' tfy;a" tajdg

tfrysj lghq;= lsÍug wjYH kS;suh n,h

wud;HdxYhg ke;' we;eï wdpdrO¾u

iu. wkq.; jkakehs wmg rdcH

úldYlhkag Wmfoia Èh yels h' tfy;a

fm!oa.,sl úldYlhka iïnkaOfhka lsisÿ

wêldßhla ke;'

Y%S ,xldfõ úldY l¾udka;h fjkqfjka

uyck meñKs,s fyda ÿla.ekú,s wik

jHQyhl wjYH;dj fuu`.ska wjOdrKh

flf¾' wm oeka flgqïm;a lrñka isák

úldY wêldß mkf;ys tjeks meñKs,s

hdka;%Khla msysgqùfuys úêúOdk ;sfí'

fuu mk; flgqïm;a lsÍfuys§ 1966 .=jka

úÿ,s ixia:d mk; 1982 rEmjdyskS ixia:d

mk; iu. .egqï we;s úh' tajd oYl

.Kkdjla ;siafia hdj;ald,Sk lr fkd

;sîu thg fya;=jhs' kj úldY wêldßh

M,odhS ùug kï tu mk;aj, m%;sm;a;s

iïnkaO iïnkaO;d lSmhla bj;a l<

hq;=j ;sfí'

.=jkaúÿ,s fyda rEmjdyskS úldYlhkag

n,m;% §fï§ udOH wud;HdxYh úiska

m%Odk idOl folla ie,ls,a,g

.kq ,efí' whÿïlreg kd,sldjla

mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd m%udKj;a ;rñka

uqo,a yd ;dlaIKsl fl!Y,Hh ;sfí o

hkak tu idOlhs' wm tfia lrkafka

hfula n,m;%hla ,ndf.k th fjk;a

md¾Yajhlg úlsKSu je<elaùughs'

w;S;fha§ úldY n,m;% ys;j;alï u;

,nd § ;sfnk w;r th .egÆjls' ud

úYajdi lrk mßÈ úldY n,m;% ,nd

§u foaYmd,k wêldßh fj;ska bj;alr

iajdëk kS;Hdkql+, kshduk hdka;%Khla

fj; mjrd Èh hq;= h'ZZ

î'fla'tia' rùkaø"

w;sf¾l f,alï" udOH wud;HdxYh ^2015

uehs udifha§ meje;s iïuqL idlÉPdjl§&

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kS;s kej; y÷kajd § ;sfí' fuh jkdys uqøs;

udOH ckudOHlrejkag yd tajdfha ysñlrejkag

Rcqj yd jl%j ;¾ckh lsÍu keje;aùug Tyq

úiska fok ,o fmdfrdkaÿj iïmQ¾Kfhka u

wdmiq yerùuls' ishÆ ckudOHlrejkaf.a ksoyi

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flá ld,Sk yd È.= ld,Sk fmdfrdkaÿ fïjd o

hk m%Yakh u;= fõ'Z122

mqj;am;a uKav,h ia:srj u wl%sh lsÍu yd th

yd iïnkaO kS;sh wfydais lr oeóu udOH

m%;sixialrK kHdh m;%fha m%Odk fldgils'


ks ¾ f oa Y ( 1973 wxl 5 orK Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

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mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu kï jHQyh

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udOH l¾udka;h yd udOH jD;a;slhka

úiska mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu Yla;su;a

l< hq;= h' úoHq;a udOH yd iïmQ¾Kfhka

u fjí mdol mqj;a udOH wdjrKh jk

mßÈ tys mrdih mq¿,a l< hq;= h' th

fyd¢ka u l< yelafla flfia o hkak

ks¾Kh lsÍug uyck woyia le|ùula

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bkaÿkSishdfõ mqj;am;a uKav,h úiska

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úoHq;a udOH úldYlhka mqj;am;a meñKs,s

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l< hq;= h' fï i|yd tla úl,amhla

jkafka fhdað; iajdëk úldY kshdukfha

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úiska úch

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;jÿrg;a isÿ jkafka keye'

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,xldfõ mqj;am;a i|yd b;d fydo iajhx

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yelafla meñKs,a,la ,o úg muKhs' tys ;Skaÿ

wksjd¾hfhka l%shd;aul l< hq;= keye' Y%S

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lrkjd kï uu leu;shs' úoHq;a úldY udOH o

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yd ¥IKh iïnkaO jd¾;d w;s ixfõ§ f,i

yd kdgHuh f,i bÈßm;a lrkafka úkaÈ;hka

yd Tjqkaf.a mjq,a .ek fkd is;dhs' tfy;a"

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ish .Kkla jQ bka§h udOH wdh;kj,g

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fy<sorõ fkd lr isàfï úkh ;snqKd' wms weh

yÿkkafka udOH úiska wehg fok ,o ks¾Nhd

lshk kñka muKhs'

tfy;a Y%S ,xldfõ we;eï mqj;am;a ish,a,

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msx;+r;a m< lrkjd' ixfõ§ yd .fõIKd;aul

jd¾;dlrKh fjkqjg isxy, NdId mqj;am;=

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wdldrh oelsh yelshs'ZZ

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;ukaf.a u iajhx kshduk jHQyhla ilid

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fldñIu yeÿfKa ta wkqjhs' th mßmQ¾K

wdh;khla fkdfjhs' we;eï mqj;am;a yd udOH

iud.ï thg iïnkaO ù keye'ZZ

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wdpdrO¾u ix.%h lv lr we;s njg Tmamq jQ

úg thg oKavkhla mekùfï n,h Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIug ;sìh hq;=hs'

udOHj,g tfrysj fldaá .Kka jkaÈ b,a,d


kvq fkd mejfrk fia mqj;am;a yd

tu`.ska mSvdjg m;a md¾Yaj w;r ueÈy;alrejl=

fia lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

meñKs,s fldñiug ;sìh hq;=hs'ZZ

úð; hdmd" iudrïNl l¾;D"

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wjYHhs' ish,a,g fmr" udOH ysñlrejka yd

l<ukdlrejka udOH .ek lsishï wOHdmkhla

,eìh hq;=hs' oekg" ishÆ udOH wdh;k yd

iud.ï ish l¾udka;hg w; fmùug

foaYmd,khg bv fokjd' fuh fjkia úh

hq;=hs' jvd j.lsjhq;= f;dr;=re yd jvd iunr

woyia fnod yßk f,i wms mqj;am;aj, m%ñ;sh

kexúh hq;=hs'

ta wkaoñka u" udOH ysñlrejkag udOH

wka;¾.;hg we`.s,s .eish fkd yels úh

hq;=hs' ckudOHj, iajdëk ksÍlaIKhla

;sìh hq;=hs'

cd;sl m%Yakh iïnkaOfhka isxy, yd fou<

mqj;am;a jd¾;d lrkafka ;ukaf.a jd¾.sl

yd wd.ñl fn§ï wkqjhs' hqoaOh È.a.eiqfKa

yd krl ;;a;ajhg m;a jqfKa fuu mlaImd;S

jd¾;dlrKh ksidhs' isx.mamQrefõ m%Odk

jd¾.sl yd wd.ñl lKavdhï y;rla

.egqulska f;drj mj;skjd' tfy;a" wmg

tjeks iu.shla w;m;a lr .kakg neß ù

;sfnkjd' NdId ndOl fï fn§ïj,g tla

fya;=jla' wmg ;ju;a isxy, yd fou< NdId

w;r fyd`o mßj¾;k keye' tneúka fï

m%cdjka fol w;r ixialD;sl yd NdIduh

md,ï ;kkakg neß ù ;sfnkjd'ZZ

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udOHj,g iajhx kshduk moaO;shla mej;Su

we;af;ka u fyd| fohls' wmg 2003 isg

mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñiu ;sfí' tfy;a"

;ju;a th iïmQ¾Kfhka u ld¾hlaIu

moaO;shla fkd fõ' ula ksid o h;a" th

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iïnkaOfhka wksjd¾hfhka ne£ ke;s l%uhla

jk fyhsks' ;ukaf.a Tmamq jQ jerÈ ksjerÈ

fkd lrk udOHj,g ov mekùfï n,h

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñiug ,nd

Èh hq;= h' wmg Y%S ,xldfõ rEmjdyskS yd

.=jka úÿ,s úldYlhka fjkqfjka meñKs,s

hdka;%Khla yd iajhx kshduk jHQyhla ;sìh

hq;= h' 2009 - 2011 iufha§ tjeks jHQyhla m;a

lsÍu i|yd idlÉPd mj;ajk ,§' tfy;a" th

l%shd;aul fkdùh'ZZ

Y%S ,xld uqia,sï udOH ixioh iu. b,lal.;

lKavdhï idlÉPdj

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wóka yqfiaka" ix.ufha iyldr NdKavd.dßl

cdjâ uqkdj¾ yd Wm iNdm;s ;yd uqidñ,a fï

i|yd iyNd.S jQy'

zzudOH wdh;khla wdpdr O¾u lv l< úg yd

mqoa.,hka fyda wdh;kj,g fyda wmydi l<

úg" mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñiug m%udKj;a

n,;, ;sfí o hkak ms<sn| wms ie,ls,su;a

jkafkuq' wm olsk wdldrhg" Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñiu o ksÍlaIKhg yd

kshdukhg ,la úh hq;= h'

iEu udOH iud.ula u ;ukaf.a u

jk wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla wkq.ukh

l< hq;= h' th ck;djg fy<sorõ l<

hq;= h' udOH mdßfNda.slhkag ta wkqj

Tjqkaf.a l%shdldß;ajh ;lafiare l< yels

h' iEu udOH iud.ula u ;ukaf.a u

Tïnqâiaukajrhl= m;a l< hq;= h' ld¾h

uKav,fha yd mdGlhkaf.a meñKs,s úNd.

lsÍfï yd ta uÜgfï§ u úi÷ï ,nd §fï

yelshdj Tïnqâiaukag ;sìh hq;= h'ZZ

Y%S ,xld m;%l,d ix.uh iu. b,lal .;

lKavdhï idlÉPdj

^2015 cqks 8&" fuhg cd;sl ixúOdhl Wmq,a

ckl chisxy" Wm iNdm;s kf¾kaø rdcmlaI"

úOdhl lñgq idudðl mqIamd b,x.ka;s,l

iyNd.s jQ y'


3 08 udOH iajhx

kshduk

ixialD;shla ksrEmKh

lsÍu

,xldfõ j¾;udkfha m< jk mqj;am;a

nyq;rhla ms<s;=re §fï whs;sh ms<s .kshs'

tfy;a tajd m< lrkafka l¾;Djrhdf.a

wNsu;h mßÈ h' Ndú;dfõ§" mqj;am;a meñKs,s

fldñIfï ksÍlaIKh wkqj" ms<s;=re §fï whs;sh

70]la wjia:dj,§ .re lrkq ,efí' ^mqj;am;a

meñKs,s fldñIug odhl ù we;s wdh;k&

udOHlrKh yd l¾;D udKav,sl wka;¾.;h

iïnkaOfhka jvd meyeÈ,s wdpdrOd¾ñl

ud¾f.damfoaY iïnkaOfhka o udOH wdh;kj,

ms<s.ekSu j¾Okh ù ;sfí' we;eï udOH

wdh;kj,g ;uka úiska u ilid .kakd ,o

wNHka;r ud¾f.damfoaY ;sfí'

ksoiqkla f,i rdjh i;sm;d mqj;am; úiska

;ukaf.a u wdpdrOd¾ñl ud¾f.damfoaY y÷kajd §

;sfí' th ilid we;af;a l¾;D ixiofha jD;a;Sh

Ndú;dj ms<sn| wdpdrO¾u ix.%yhg wkqjhs'

wNHka;r Tïnqâiaukajrhl= m;a l< Y%S ,xldfõ

m<uq udOH wdh;kh rdjhhs' wdh;k ixúOdk

ÿIalr;d ksid th kj;d oeuqj;a h<s wdrïN lsÍu

ie,iqï lr ;sfí'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a wdpdrO¾u ix.%y"

l¾;D udKav,sl iajdëk;ajh wdrlaId

lsÍfï úêúOdk" ixialdrl ud¾f.damfoaY

wdÈh fjkqfjka fm!oa.,sl yd fmdÿ

udOH hdka;%Khka l%shd;aul l< hq;= h'

tla úl,amhla jkafka uyck meñKs,s

.%ydlhkaf.a ixialdrljrhl= yryd ,nd

.ekSuhs' tu ixialdrljrhdg uyck

meñKs,s ,nd .kakd yd tajd iïnkaO

l%shdud¾.j, m%.;sh" fjkialï lrk

wdldrh yd oKavkhka fyda jkaÈ ,nd §

we;s wdldrh o ;yjqre l< yels h'

fm!oa.,sl" uyck yd m%cd udOH úiska

wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajfhka Tíng hñka"

jevigykaj,g n,mEï l< yels wkaoñka

yd wOHdmksl wruqKq fjkqfjka ueÈy;a

úh yels wdldfrhka mqrjeis iyNd.s;ajh

i|yd úúO hdka;%Khka ks¾udKh l< hq;=

h' tajd ;yjqre l< hq;= h'

ckudOHõ§kaf.a ix.ï yd udOH

ysñlrejkaf.a ksfhdað;hka w;r

ixialdrljrekaf.a" l¾;Djrekaf.a ysñlï

yd j.lSï ms<sn| .súiqï ixj¾Okh l<

hq;= h' th udOH wdh;k ;=< l¾;D

udKav,sl iajdëk;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd

ld¾hlaIu hdka;%Khls'

;ukag wdpdrO¾u ix.%y yd l¾;D uKav,

ud¾f.damfoaY we;s nj udOH úiska ;yjqre

l< hq;= h' mdroDIHNdjh jeä lrkq

yd tajd ienúkau Ndú;d lrkq msKsi

tajd mq¿,a f,i m%isoaO l< hq;= h' iEu

udOHfõÈhl=gu th mßyrKh lrkakg

myiq úh hq;= h' mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ ix.ï

úiska fuu Ndú;djka Èß .ekaúh hq;= h'

Y%S


idOdrK;ajh yd wmlaImd;s;ajh i|yd wjYH;d

wE3 09 idOdrK;ajh yd

wmlaImd;s;ajh

ms<sno wjYH;d ksrEmKh

jk ld¾hlaIu úoHq;a

udOH úldY wdpdr O¾u

ix.%yhla ieliSu

http://documents.gov.lk/Extgzt/2014/PDF/Nov/1890_02/1890_ 02%20E.pdf

123

hÆ .=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS udOH úiska

wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk úoHq;a udOH wdpdr

O¾u ix.%yhla ke;' 2013§ udOH

wud;HdxYh úiska úldY n,m;% l%uh

m%ñ;s.; lsÍug W;aidy lrk ,§' thg we;eï

úldYlfhda úreoaO jQ y'

fm!oa.,sl úldYlhkag m%jD;a;s m%pdrhg wjir

fkd§fï kS;sh 1994§ bj;a lrk ,§' l¾;D

uKav, wka;¾.; ;=,kh iïnkaOfhka n,m;%

.ekSfï wjYH;djla ke;' flfia fj;;a"

ue;sjrK ld,j,§" ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhd

úiska uqøs; yd úoHq;a úldY udOH idOdrK;ajh"

;=,kh yd wmlaImd;s;ajh fjkqfjka ud¾f.

damfoaY ksl=;a lrkq ,efí' foaYmd,k mlaI"

wfmalaIlhka fyda Tjqkaf.a wdOdrlrejka fyda

iïnkaO mqj;a" j¾;udk f;dr;=re" ixjdo

jevigyka yd fjk;a ´kEu jevigykla

tu`.ska wdjrKh lrkq ,efí'

ue;sjrK ld,hg muKla wod< jk fuu

ud¾f.damfoaY yeuúgu ue;sjrK iufha§

wkq.ukh lrkafka ke;' ksoiqkla f,i"

ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhd úiska ksl=;a lrk

,o ud¾f.damfoaY ;sìh§ 2015 ckjdß udifha§

ckdêm;sjrKh w;r;=r rdcH úoHq;a udOH

úiska tajd fkd ;ld yßk yd W,a,x>kh

lrk ,§'123 tu udOH újD;j u tjlg isá

ckdêm;sjrhdg iyfhda.h ÿka w;r fjk;a

wfmalaIlhkag tfrysj lghq;= lsÍug tjlg

is


http://www.ft.lk/2015/01/09/polls-chief-reads-riot-act-to-rupavahini-over-sajith-crossover-story-on-polling-day/

http://www.tisrilanka.org/?p=12828

124

n,fha isá mlaIhg bv fok ,§' ue;sjrK

Èkfha flduidßiajrhdg fm!oa.,slj ueÈy;a

ù rcfha rEmjdysksh jerÈ m%jD;a;s úldYh

lsÍu je<elaùug isÿ úh'124 we;eï fm!oa.,sl

úoHq;a udOH úldYlhkag o ;ukaf.a foaYmd,k

mlaImd;s;ajhka ;sìKs' tfy;a Tjqyq wvq ;rfï

;=,khla mj;ajdf.k hkakg fyda fjk;a

wfmalaIlhkag myr §fuka je<lS isákakg fyda

W;aidy l< y' tfy;a" rdcH udOH úiska tajd

W,a,x>kh lrk ,§'

rdcH udOHj, l%shdldß;ajh ksÍlaIKh lrk

g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a wdh;kh uE;§

fufia mejiS h( zue;sjrKhla le|jQ miq ishÆ

udOH wdh;k ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhdf.a

fyda ue;sjrK fldñIfï fyda iqmÍlaIKhg

,la úh hq;= h' rcfha udOH wdh;k md,kh

lsÍu fjkqfjka ksis n,Odßhl= m;a lsÍfï

n,h ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhdg ;sìh hq;= h'

ishÆ fm!oa.,sl udOH wdh;k ue;sjrK ¥IK

isÿlrkafka o hkak ksÍlaIKh lsÍug yd tajd

je<elaùug n,h ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhdg

;sìh hq;= h'Z125

m%dfhda.slj fuh l%shd;aul lsÍu ÿIalr úh yels

h' th úoHq;a udOHhkaf.a ixf,aLH ksoyi iu.

megf,k fohla úh yels h' ta fjkqfjka iqÿiq

w;rueÈ wjldYhla ielish hq;= h' we;eï úg"

ue;sjrK iufhaoS ;Skaÿ l%shd;aul lsÍu msKsi

ue;sjrK fldñIug n,h oSfuka yd idudkH

125

http://www.commonlii.org/lk/legis/num_act/pea15o1981280/s117.html

All India Radio Code: http://www.newsonair.com/full_news.asp?type=link&id=71

BBC Editorial Guidelines: http://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidelines

126 127

kS;s iu. iïnkaO lsÍfuka ue;sjrK w;r;=r

jeä idOdrK;ajhla we;s l< yels h¡

ue;sjrK kS;sj, udOH iïnkaO úêúOdk ;sfí'

ksoiqkla f,i" 1981 wxl 15 orK ckdêm;sjrK

mkf;a 117fldgi u`.ska wfmalaIlhka úiska

lrkq ,nk ishÆ úoHq;a úldY wdjrKh

lrkq ,efí' tu`.ska cd;sl úoHq;a úldYlhka

fjkqfjka ne£ï ks¾jpkh lrkq ,efí'

^ksoiqkla f,i" ishÆ wfmalaIlhkag iudk

.=jka ld,h ,nd §u ie,lsh yels h'& tfy;a"

tajd flgqïm;a lf<a mQ¾j fjí hq.fhaoS neúka

hdj;ald,Sk l< hq;= h¡&126

flfia fj;;a" ue;sjrKhla w;r;=r§

wfmalaIlhl= fyda foaYmd,k mlaIhla fyda

úiska m%pdrKh iïnkaOfhka l< yels úhoï

ms<sn| ksYaÑ; iSudjla ke;' tfiau" rcfha udOH

úiska md,l mlaIfha wfmalaIlhka m%j¾Okh

lsÍu i|yd úúO l%u Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'

ksoiqkla f,i" tajd mj;skafka iïuqL idlÉPd"

cd;sl ixj¾Okh ms<sn| jevigyka wd§ f,i

úh yels h'

Y%S ,xld úoHq;a úldY udOH fjkqfjka jD;a;Sh

wdpdr O¾u ix.%y ieliSfuys§ iuia; bka§h

f¾äfhdafõ127 yd îîiS ys ;sfnk ud¾f.damfoaY128

ie,ls,a,g .; yels h'

128


cH udOH wdh;k jk Y%S ,xld

rEmjdyskS ixia:dj" .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj"

iajdëk rEmjdysksh yd f,alayjqia wdh;kh

È.ska È.g u n,fha isá wdKavq mCIfha

m%pdrl lghq;=j,g Wmßu jYfhka fhdod

.ksñka ;snqKq w;r 2015 ckdêm;sjrK

iufha th Wmßuhg m;a úh' 2014 fkdjeïn¾

20 ckdêm;s ue;sjrKh m%ldYhg m;a

lsÍfuka miqj" g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a

wdh;kh fmdÿ iïm;a wdrlaId lsÍfï

jevigyk hgf;a rdcH udOH ksÍlaIKh

wdrïN lr" tjeks wksis mßyrKhka ms<sn|

idlaIs /ia lf<a h'

zish¨ rdcH yd rdcH md,kh we;s

udOHj,g mqrjeishkag ksjerÈ" wmlaImd;S"

iunr f;dr;=re iemhSfï j.lSula

;sfí' mqrjeis ixúOdk" foaYmd,k mlaI

yd wfmalaIlhka udOH idOdrK;ajh"

iunr;dj yd ksrjoHNdjh fjkqfjka

b,a,Sï lsÍu yd rdcH udOH Pkaoodhlhka

f,i mqrjeis whs;sjdislï wdrlaId jk mßÈ

l<ukdlrKh lrkakehs rcfha n,OdÍkaf.

ka b,a,d isàu fhda.H fuka u wjYH o fõ'

^g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a&'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a úiska ish¨

isxy," fou<" bx.%Sis rdcH udOH 2014

fkdjeïn¾ 21 isg 2015 ckjdß 10 olajd

ksÍlaIKh lrk ,§' m%udKd;aul fuka u

.=Kd;aul o;a; o m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shl uQ,dY%

Tiafia tla/ia lrk ,o w;r" wOHhkh

lrk ,o lreKq w;r iEu wfmalaIlhl=g

u ,nd fok ,o mqj;a jd¾;d ixLHdj" ta

mqj;a u`.ska wfmalaIlhdf.a m%;srEmhg jQfha

l=ula o hkak" jd¾;dj wjOdkh fhduq lf<a

m%Odk m%;sm;a;suh ldrKdj,g o ke;skï

mqoa., ,laIKj,g o hkak yd f;dr;=re yd

Pkaoodhl wOHdmkh o úh'

my; i|yka jkafka w;sYh mlaImd;S rdcH

udOH yeisrSu iïnkaO uQ,sl ksÍlaIK lSmhls'

• rdcH udOH úiska wfmalaIlhka

m%j¾Okh fyda Tjqkag wmydi lsÍu

lrk nj meyeÈ,sj ksÍlaIKh lrk

,§' tajd ue;sjrK fldñIfï

ud¾f.damfoaY W,a,x>kh lsÍï úh'

• tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkfha

wfmalaIlhd jQ ta jk úg ysgmq

ckdêm;sjrhd fjkqfjka fjka lrk

,o m%jD;a;s ixLHdj fmdÿ wfmalaIlhd

fjkqfjka fjka lrk ,o m%jD;a;s

ixLHdj fuka lSm .=Khla úh'

• Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dj yd iajdëk

rEmjdysksh úYd, krUkafkda msßila

isák yd fkdisák ld,hkays§ tlai;a

ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkfha wfmalaIlhd

fjkqfjka fmr fkd jQ úrE oekaùï

m%udKhla uqo,a fkd f.k m%pdrh

lrk ,§'

• wjika Èk lSmfha§ Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS

ixia:dj yd iajdëk rEmjdysksh úiska

tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkfha

wfmalaIlhd fjkqfjka mehlg oekaùï

40la úldYh lrk ,o nj ksÍlaIKh

lrk ,§'

• 2015 ckjdß 4 yd 5 Èkj, meje;ajqKq

tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkfha

wjika /<s Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dj

yd iajdëk rEmjdysksh úiska iÔùj

úldYh lrkq ,enqfõ ue;sjrK

flduidßiajrhdf.a ud¾f.damfoaY

meyeÈ,sj W,a,x>kh lrñks'

uQ,dY%h(

Electoral Integrity: A Review of the Abuse of State Resources and Selected Integrity Issues during 2015 Presidential Election in Sri Lanka (TISL, March 2015).http://www.tisrilanka.org/during-an-election-all-state-media-institutions-should-come-under-election-commission/

2015 ckdêm;sjrKh iufha rdcH udOHj, yeisÍuuxcqidj

14

rd


iqÿiqlï ,;a mqoa.,hkaf.ka ieÿï,;a

iajdëk jHQyhla u`.ska l%shd;aul lrkq

,nk kùk kS;suh rduqjla u`.ska úoHq;a

úldY udOH kshdukh l< hq;= h'

tu mqoa.,hka foaYmd,k yd jdksc

Wjukdjkaf.ka ksoyia úh hq;= w;r

fmdÿ Wjukdjka ksfhdackh l< hq;=

h' fuu kshdukh úiska l¾;D uKav,

iajdëk;ajh ia:dms; l< hq;= h'

idOdrK;ajh yd wmlaImd;s;ajh ishÆ

fokdg tl fia wod< jk mßÈ úldY

kS;s iïmdokh l< hq;=h' tfy;a tjeks

kS;s u`.ska l¾;D uKav, iajdëk;ajhg

ndOd fkd úh hq;= h' tu kS;s ieliSfï§

úldYlhka thg iyNd.s úh hq;= h'

uqøs; yd úoHq;a úldY udOH md,kh

lrk wdpdrO¾u ix.%y úiska

úfYaIfhka u" ue;sjrK iufha

fufyhqï wduka;%Kh l< hq;= h'

idOdrK;ajfha yd wmlaImd;s;ajfha

wjYH;dj tys§ ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= h'

iEu ue;sjrK ld, iSudjl§ u ue;sjrK

flduidßiajrhd úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk

ud¾f.damfoaY fuysS wod< lr .; hq;= h'

ksoyia úldY kshdukh úiska úldYhka

tu kS;s iu. wkq.; jkafka o hkak

wëlaIKh l< hq;= h'

ks ¾ f oa Y (


3 10 úoHq;a udOH

úldY wdpdr

O¾u ix.%yh M,odhS

f,i l%shdfõ fhofõ

Sri Lanka withdraws controversial press code – AFP report dated 23 June 2013. http://bit.ly/1DY74h1

129

úoHq;a udOH l¾udka;h i|yd fmdÿ wdpdr

O¾u ix.%yhla fkdue;s ixo¾Nh ;=< yd

tjeks wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla kshdukh

lsÍu i|yd n,h we;s mßmd,lhl= fkdue;s

ixo¾Nhla ;=< fuu wjYH;dj u;= jkafka ke;'

fmr mej;s wdKavqj úiska udOH iïnkaO wdpdr

O¾u ix.%yhla flgqïm;a lrk ,§' tu`.ska uqøs;"

úoHq;a úldY yd fjí udOH wdjrKh lrkakg

kshñ; úh' flfia fj;;a" mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka

yd n,mEï lKavdhï fï ms<sn| nrm;, f,i

wjOdkh fhduq l< w;r tys úêúOdk wkjYH

;rï n,;, we;s yd ta jk úg;a ;¾ckhg

m;a ù ;snqKq udOH ksoyig ;j ÿrg;a ndOd

lrk tajd nj fmkajd fok ,§' tu wdpdr O¾u

ix.%yh iïnkaOfhka lghq;= fkd lrk nj

2013 cq,s ui ysgmq ckdêm;sjrhd l¾;D ixiohg

oekqï ÿkafka h'129

ks ¾ f oa Y ( msysgqjkakg fhdað; úoHq;a úldY

kshdukdh;kh msysgqùfuka miq th yd

úoHq;a úldY l¾udka;h yd tlaj úoHq;a

úldY udOH i|yd jD;a;Sh ud¾f.damfoaY

yd wdpdrOd¾ñl m%ñ;s ixj¾Okh lr

Ndú;djg .; hq;= h' tjeks jD;a;Sh

m%ñ;sj,g ishÆ úldYlhka idOdrK

yd wmlaImd;S f,i foaYmd,k ldrKd

yd fjk;a uyckhdg jeo.;a lreKq

ie,ls,a,g .kakd nj wvx.= úh hq;= h'


ví' wd¾'

úfÊfidau 1989

ckjdß 24 Èk

Èjhsk mqj;am;g

w¢k ,o ldgqkhla

wjka; wdá.,

úiska 2014

foieïn¾ 2

Èk fâ,s ñr¾

mqj;am;g w¢k

,o ldgqkhla


3 11 uyck;dj

udOH ms<sno

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Survey on Public Perceptions on Climate Change in Sri Lanka, 2010. Conducted for Ministry of Environment. http://www.academia.edu/2921623/Survey_on_Public_Perceptions_of_Climate_Change_in_Sri_Lanka_2010

130

,dxlsl uyck;dj fl;rï ÿrg udOH

flfrys úYajdi ;nkjd o hkak ms<sn| os.=

l,l isg idlÉPd lr ;sfí' ta ms<sn|j

jeäÿr m¾fhaIK wjYH h'

foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdih ms<sn| Èjhsk mqrd 1000la

mqoa.,hkaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka 2010§ lrk ,o

iólaIKhla wkqj" fndfyda Y%S ,dxlslhkag

j;auka mqj;a yd isoaê ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd

fok m%Odk uQ,dY%h ckudOHhs' tys§ rEmjdysksh

bÈßfhka u ;sfnk w;r bka miq ms<sfj,ska

.=jka úÿ,sh yd mqj;am;a ;sfí' Tjqka úYajdih

;nkafka l=uk uQ,dY%j,g o hkak úuiQ l,"

jeä u msßila m%;spdr oelajQfha th rEmjdysksh"

wka;¾cd,h" f¾äfhdaj yd mqj;am;a njhs' tajd

flá mKsjqv" wOHdmksl wdh;k yd iu jhia

lKavdhïj,g bÈßfhka isáhs'130

wyUq f,i f;dard .kakd ,o kshÈhla fhdodf.k

fuu wOHhkh i|yd úfYaIfhka lrk ,o

mqrjeis m%;sfmdaIK iólaIKhlg wkqj" udOH

mKsjqvj, úYajikSh;ajh ms<sn| 47]la fokd

;Dma;su;a h' 49] uOHia:h' tu iólaIKfhka u

fidhd .;a wdldrhg jvd;a u úYajdijka; udOH

j¾.h jkafka rEmjdyskshhs ^56]&' mqj;am;a 20]la

jk w;r wka;¾cd,h 21]ls'

fï iólaIKfha fidhd.ekSï fojk weuqKqfuys

olajd we;'

udOH iïnkaOfhka uyck úYajdifha uÜgu

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3 12 udOH wdh;k

uyck;dj ;u

lghq;= iïnkaOfhka

olajk ye.Sï flfrys

ixfõ§ úh

,xldfõ udOH wdh;k úiska rg mqrd ish

fma%laIl m%;sfmdaIKh ms<sn|j wLKavj

iólaIK lsÍfï Ndú;djla olakg

fkd,efí'

wka;¾.;h ms<sn| m%;spdr ,nd .ekSu i|yd

m¾fhaIK isÿlr ;sfí' Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s

yd rEmjdyskS ixia:d úiska tjeks m¾fhaIK

tall mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí' tfy;a" tajdfha

fidhd.ekSï jevigyka ie,iqïlrejka yd

l<ukdlrKh úiska ish uyck iïnkaO;d

j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd fhdod fkd.kakd nj

wNHka;r wdrxÑ ud¾.j,ska fy<s fõ' we;af;kau

fuu m¾fhaIK tall ie,flkafka wdh;ksl

m%uqL;d w;ska my;a fmf<a ia:dk f,i jk w;r"

o`vqjï udre i|yd tu wxY fhdod .kq ,efí'

we;eï fm!oa.,sl úoHq;a udOH i|yd o uyckhd

fj; msúiSu i|yd jevigyka ;sfí' mdi,a

fyda fjf<|fmd<j,a fj; f.dia woyia úuik

jevigyka ksoiqka jYfhka ±laúh yelsh' tfy;a"

tajd fma%laIl uki f;areï .ekSug orK ne?reï

W;aidyhkag jvd ishqï wf,ú jHdhdu f,i

ie,lsh yels h'

fndfyda m%Odk Odrdfõ udOH iudc udOH

Tiafia isÿjk wka;¾.;hka iïnkaO uyck

úfõpkhkag m%;spdr olajkafka ke;'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( udOH úiska ish lghq;= iïnkaOfhka

mqrjeis wjfndaOh Yla;su;a lsÍug by<u

jD;a;Sh m%ñ;s fhdod .; hq;= h'

udOHlrejkaf.a wdrlaIdj

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3 13 ckudOHfõ§kag"

wdY%s; udOHlrejkag

yd udOH wdh;kj,g ish

jD;a;Sh wdrlaIdj i,iajd

.; yels h

http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session20/A-HRC-20-17_en.pdf

131

,xldfõ udOH wdh;kj,g yd

udOHlrejkag ;sfnk ;¾ck yd kS;sfhka

neyer mSvkh fya;=fjka Tjqkag ìh ke;sj

ish jD;a;sh lrf.k hdug ;sfnk ksoyig ndOd

t,a,ù ;sfí' rdcmlaI wdKavqj úiska udOHj,g

ksr;=rej krl f,i ie,l+ mq¿,a ixo¾Nh ;=<

fuu lreK i,ld ne,sh hq;= h' tfy;a udOH

u¾okh lrkafka wdKavqj úiska muKla fkd fõ'

iudcfha fkd bjiSfï yd w;sOdjkldß;ajfha

.=Kh jeä fjñka ;sfí' tu`.ska woyia újD;j

yd ksoyfia idlÉPd lsÍug ndOd meñfKa' mqj;a

iïmdolhl= yd ixjdo fõÈldjla f,i udOHhg

fmruqKq /ilska n,mEï ;sfí'

2012 cqks udifha§ m%ldYkfha yd woyia oeÍfï

ksoyi ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ueÈy;alre

úiska ùÈ úfrdaO;dj,§ yd fm<md,sj,§

ckudOHlrejka w;awvx.=jg .ekSï" r|jd

.ekSï" jdÑlj yd YdÍßlj myr §ï" WmlrK

rdcika;l fyda úkdY lsÍï fuka u urd oeóï

jeks m%ydr t,a, lrk rgj,a 16ka tlla f,i Y%S

,xldj kï lrk ,§'131

2014§" ckudOHfõ§ka wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd jk

lñgqj (CPJ) úiska ckudOHlrejka urd oukq

,nk yd ñkSurejkag kS;sfhka fíÍ isáh yels

rgj,a ms<sn| f.da,Sh o¾Ylfha ckudOHfõ§ka

i|yd krl u rgj,a y;r w;ßka tlla f,i

Y%S ,xldj kï lrk ,§' tys uq,a ;eka ;=kg

wdfõ brdlh" fidaud,shdj yd ms,smSkhhs' uq,ska

w.ue;sjrhd f,i o" miqj ckdêm;sjrhd f,i

o" ;u kdhl;ajh hgf;a isÿ jQ mqj;am;a l,dfõ§

>d;k kjh iïnkaOfhka mj;sk mQ¾K uqla;sh

iïnkaO jd¾;dj fjkia lsÍu i|yd lsisÿ

ckudOHfõÈhd udkj ysñlï

wdrCIlhl= jYfhka

zz''' f;dr;=re tl;= lsÍu iy tajd

uyck;dj w;r uqøs;" .=jkaúÿ,s

iy rEmjdyskS udOH fhdod .ksñka

fnod yeÍfï jrula ckudOHfõ§kag

ysñj ;sfí' ckudOHfõÈhd i;=j

uQ,sl jYfhka udkj ysñlï iqrlSfï

N+ñldjla mejÍ fkdue;' tfy;a

fndfyda ckudOHfõ§ka udkj ysñlï

iqrlsk N+ñldj bgqlrk wjia:d ;sfí'

ksoiqka jYfhka udkj ysñlï lvùï

jd¾;d lsÍu iy ta ms<sn| idCIslrefjl=

f,i l%shd lsÍu ±laúh yelsh'ZZ

- udkj ysñlï iqrlskafkda ljryqo@

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï

ld¾hd,h http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/SRHRDefenders/Pages/Defender.aspx

YS%


https://cpj.org/reports/2014/04/impunity-index-getting-away-with-murder.php

https://cpj.org/reports/2014/10/the-road-to-justice-appendix1-impunity.php

http://www.ifj.org/nc/news-single-view/backpid/33/article/the-freedom-frontier-south-asia-press-freedom-report-2014-15-launched/

132

foaYmd,k wêIaGdkhla uyskao rdcmlaI rchg

ke;s nj mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka wdrlaId lsÍfï

lñgqj mjihs'132

2014 Tlaf;dan¾ ksl=;a lrk ,o zhqla;shg

udj;Z kï jd¾;dfjys ckudOHfõ§ka wdrlaId

lsÍfï lñgqj úiska 2004 wdrïNfha isg

2013 w;r ld,h ;=< Tjqkaf.a udOH lghq;=

fya;=fjka urd ouk ,o mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka

13lf.a ,ehsia;=jla bÈßm;a lrk ,§'133 fïjd

m%udKj;a ;rï úu¾Ykh lr ke;s w;r

tajdfha >d;lhkag tfrysj kvq mjrd o ke;'

tu`.ska iïmQ¾Kfhka u kS;s uqla;sh iys;

jd;djrKhla ks¾udKh ù ;sfí'

È.ska È.g u mej;s ysxid yd jrolrejka f,i

m%ldYhg m;a lsÍï fya;=fjka we;eï mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§yq ráka m<d .sh y ^3'14 n,kak&' Y%S

,xldfõ udOH jD;a;sfha fh§ isák wh o fmr

hqoaOh mej;s l,dmhg yd wj;eka l|jqrej,g

W;=re kef.kysr mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd m%fõY

ùug wjia:dj ,nd .ekSfï§ ÿIalr;dj,g uqyqK

ÿka y' 2014 mqj;am;a ksoyi ms<sn| jd¾;dfõ

i|yka jk mßÈ 2013 jir ;=< wjia:d lSmhl§

úfoaY udOH lKavdhï W;=re kef.kysr

m%foaYj, mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍu j<lajk ,§' fuu

ndOl 2015 jif¾ ckjdß ckdêm;sjrKfhka

miq bj;a lrk ,§' tfy;a W;=re kef.kysr

fiajh lrk iajfoaYsl udOHlrejkag kS;sh

l%shd;aul lrkakkaf.ka" yuqod yd w;=re yuqod

lKavdhïj,ska È.ska È.g u .egÆj,g uqyqK

§ug isÿ ù ;sfí'

fm!oa.,sl ysñldß;ajh iys;" W;=re m<df;a

by< u wf,úhla we;s" hdmkh mokï lr .;a

fou< mqj;am;la jk Wohka jkdys jeäfhka u

m%ydrhg ,la jQ udOH wdh;k w;ßka tlls' 1987

yd 2014 w;r ld,fha§ mqj;amf;a ld¾h uKav,h

yd tys ld¾hd,h úúO m%ydrj,g ,la úh'

cd;Hka;r ckudOHfõ§kaf.a ix.ufha (IFJ) ol=Kq wdishd mqj;am;a ksoyi ms<sn| 2014 - 15

jd¾;dfõ fufia oelafõ( zY%S ,xldfõ udOH

u¾okfha È.= b;sydih ;=< jeä u m%ydr

ixLHdjlg ,la jqfKa Wohka mqj;am;hs'

;%ia;jdohg tfrys hqoaOfha kdufhka udOH

u¾okh by< kxjk ,o miq.sh jir oyh

;=< o mqj;am;g myr §u jeä úh' fuu ld,h

;=< W;=f¾ udOHlrejkag ysxid lsÍug yd

udOH u¾okh lsÍu i|yd nrm;, m%ydr t,a,

lrk ,§' hqo l,dmfha Ôj;a jk ck;djf.a

Ôú;h ms<sn| fuka u tys we;s m%Yak ms<sn|jo

fy<sorõ ùu je<elaùfï wruqKska woyia

hgm;a lsÍfï fÉ;kdfjka ;%ia;jd§ka f,i

kï lrkq ,enQ ksid W;=f¾ ckudOHlrejkag

ryfia Ôj;a ùug isÿ úh'Z134

we;eï lafIa;% jd¾;d lsÍï wjia:dj,oS fmd,sish

iy wdrlaIl yuqod úiska wudkqIsl f,i mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§kag myr fokq ,efí' ksoiqkla f,i"

133

134


http://en.rsf.org/sri-lanka-soldiers-attack-journalists-05-08- 2013,45019.html

http://www.amnesty.org.uk/write-rights-prageeth-eknaligoda-sri-lanka#.VUL86_DkqSo

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/29/sri-lankas-missing-thousands-one-womans-six-year-fight-to-find-her-husband

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/10/sri-lanka-president-maithripala-sirisena-promise-change

http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/11/us-sri-lanka-rights-media-idUSKBN0KK0G020150111

135 137 138

2013 wf.daia;=1od .ïmy Èia;%slalfha je,sfõßfha

ck;dj N+.; c,h ¥IKh lrk njg Tjqka

úiska fpdaokd lrk ,o lïy,lg tfrysj

Woaf>daIKh l< úg fmr ;snqKq wdKavqj úiska

m%;spdr olajkq ,enqfõ w;s úYd, n,hla fhdoñka

ikakoaO fkd jQ isú,a jeishkag ;=jd, lrñka

yd urd ouñks' tu isoaêh wdjrKh l< mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§ka g ;¾ckh lrk ,o w;r we;efula

ikakoaO yuqodj, m%ydrhg ,la jQ y'135

miq.sh oYlh ;=< we;eï udOH wdh;k yd

ckudOHfõ§ka m%isoaêfha u ffjrhg md;% lrk

,o w;r cd;sjd§ka jeks rdcH fkd jk fldgia

fj;ska m%ydrhg ,la jQ y'

2010 ckjdß ui fjí udOHfõ§ yd ldgqka

Ys,amS m%.S;a tlake,sf.dv w;=reoyka ùu tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï fldñiu we;=¿j f,dal

uÜgfuka wjOdkhg ,la úh' fuu ksoyia

udOHlrejd 2010 ckjdß 24 Èk w;=reoyka

jQfha 2010 ckdêm;sjrKhg Èk folla ;sìh§

h' Tyq úmlaI wfmalaIl ir;a f*dkafialdf.a

ckdêm;sjrK jHdmdrfha l%shdldßlhl= úh'

tjlg isá wdKavqj fuu w;=reoyka ùu yd

iïnkaO njg tlake,sf.dv mjq, yd weïfkiaá

bkag¾keIk,a jeks udkj ysñlï ixúOdk

mji;s'136 wdKavqj tu fpdaokdj m%;slafIam lf<a

h' wdKavqj fjkia ùfuka miqj wdrïN lrk

,o wÆ;a wmrdO mÍlaIK u`.ska m%.S;a urd oukq

,enqfõ yuqod ks,OdÍka úiska nj fy<s lrf.k

;sfí' fuu jd¾;dj ilia lrk ,o 2016 ckjdß

jk úg wêlrK l%shdud¾. f.k ;sìKs'137

udOH ksoyi fjkqfjka fmkS isák lKavdhï

yd ckudOHfõ§kaf.a ix.ï úiska ckdêm;sjrK

iufha§ udOH ksoyi u¾okh lrkakkag

uqla;sh ,nd fok jd;djrKh wjika lsÍug

fmdfrdkaÿjla ckdêm;s wfmalaIl ffu;%Smd,

isßfiakf.ka ,nd .kakd ,§' j;auka wdKavqj

we;eï os.=ld,Skj fkd ;ld yrsk ,o wmrdO

mÍlaIK h<s wdrïN lr ;sfí'

2015 ckjdß ui j;auka rch n,hg m;a ù Èk

.Kkla we;=<; udOH ksoyi iïnkaO jeo.;a

mshjr f.k ;sfí' ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak

yd w.ue;s rks,a úl%uisxy úiska ysgmq ckdêm;s

uyskao rdcmlaIf.a oeä wêldßjd§ md,k jHQyh

.,jd oeóu wdrïN lrk ,§' l,ska wdKavqj

hgf;a ksoka.;j ;snqKq udOH u¾okh wjika

lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' rdcmlaI wdKavqfõ

oeä úfõplhl= ù isáh§ 2009 ckjdß ui

urd ouk ,o ikafâ ,Sv¾ mqj;amf;a l¾;D

,ika; úl%u;=x. >d;kh ms<sn| mÍlaIKh

kej; wdrïN lr we;'138 fï w;r" rcfha T;a;=

fiajdjka úiska mqrjeishkaf.a ÿrl:kj,g

ijka §u kj;d oud we;s nj leìkÜ

m%ldYljrhd mejiS h'139

flfia fj;;a" udOH ksoyi udOHj,g ksr;=rej

uqyqK fokakg isÿ jk m%ydr j<lajd .ekSug yd

136139


tjeks m%ydr miqìfï isák j.W;a;rlrejkag

kS;sfha uqla;sh ,efnk ixialD;sh fjkia lsÍu

i|yd .kq ,nk mshjr ms<sn| l%shdldßlfhda

;ju;a n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka n,d isá;s'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( ckudOHfõ§kag yd fjk;a udOH

fiajlhkag;a" uqøKd, yd udOH

wdh;kj,g;a tfrys m%ydr iïnkaOfhka

mÍlaIK mj;ajkakg;a" ish¨

j.W;a;rlrejka iïnkaOfhka kS;sh

l%shd;aul lsÍug;a rch id¾:l mshjr .;

hq;= h' fuu`.ska oYlhlg jeä ld,hla

mej;s uqla;sfha ixialD;sh fjkia jkq we;'

ishÆ udOH iud.ï úiska lafIa;%fha

wk;=reodhl jd¾;dlrKhkays§ ish ld¾h

uKav,j, Ôú; wdrlaId lr .kakg

wdrlaIl m%;sm;a;shla ia:dms; l< hq;= h'

tfiau" wd¾:sl wNs,dIhka yd úfYaIfhka

u foaYmd,k mlaImd;s;ajhkaf.ka

wdrlaIs; ksoyia jd;djrKhlg odhl úh

hq;= h' ckudOH ksoyi m%j¾Okh l< hq;=

w;r iajhx jdrKh j<lajd .; hq;= h'

Y%S ,xldfõ isÿ jQ ish¨ ckudOHfõ§

>d;k iïnkaOfhka iúia;rj yd

jD;a;sl uÜgñka mÍlaIK lsÍu ;yjqre

lsÍu i|yd m%udKj;a iïm;a yd wjOdkh

fhduq l< hq;= h'

2010 ckjdß ui 24 Èk isg w;=reoyka jQ m%.S;a

tlake,sf.dv udOHfõÈhdg idOdrK;ajh bgqlrk

f,i b,aÆ fmdaiagrhla


jhx jdrKh we;s jkafka udOHlrejka

;uka úiska u woyia yd f;dr;=re m<

fkd lsÍug ;SrKh l< úg h' Tjqka tfia

lrkafka tys m%;sM, iïnkaOfhka we;s ìh

ksid h' myr§fï" oekaùï ,nd fkd §fï"

isg oeä kS;suh l%shdud¾. olajd foa isÿ úh

yels h' we;eï úg mjq,aj,g ydks lsÍfï

fyda krl u ;;a;ajh hgf;a urKh mjd

isÿ ù ;sfí'

Y%S ,xldfõ ckudOHlrejka yd ckudOH

wdh;k úiska jir .Kkdjla ;siafia

iajhx jdrK mj;ajdf.k f.dia ;sfí' ta

foaYmd,lhkag" yuqodjg" mQcH mlaIhg yd

jHdmdßl wjYH;dj,g we;s ìh ksid h'

fuu Ndú;dj fmr fkdjQ úrE fia jeä jQfha

isú,a hqoaOfha wjidkfhka miq miq.sh jir

lSmh ;=< h'

j¾ðkshd úYajúoHd,fha kS;s úoHd,fha

mYapd;a Wmdê wfmalaIlhl= jk laf,hd¾

fndfrdfkdõ úiska fuu m%mxph 2012§

wOHhkh lrk ,§' weh fndfyda mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§ka" l¾;Djreka yd l%shdldßlhka

iïuqL idlÉPdjg Ndckh l<d h' weh fufia

mejiqjd h( zY%S ,dxlsl ckudOHlrejka w;r

me;sr mj;akd NSIK ixialD;sh ksid we;s ù

;sfnk iajhx jdrKh fya;=fjka rch yd uE;

ld,Sk hqoaOh .ek mQ¾K yd újD; idlÉPd

je<elaù ;sfí'Z

weh úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o m;%sldfjys weh

fufia lSjd h( ztneúka" m%ldYs; m%ldYkfha

ksoyi flfia fj;;a" Y%S ,xldfõ wdKavql%u

jHjia:dj Ndú;dfjys§ tu ysñlu wdrlaId

lsÍug wiu;a fõ'Z

iajhx jdrKh ksid m%cd;ka;%jdohg ydks jk wdldrh yd ixys¢hdjg ndOd jk wdldrh

weh fufia o lSjd h( zrdcH udkj ysñlï

W,a,x>khkaf.a m%;sM,h fndfyda úg oelsh

yels h' tfy;a" iajhx jdrKh úfYaIfhka

u oafõIldÍ fõ' th olskakg ,efnk w;r

tys m%;sM, m%udK l< fkd yel' úfõpkh

iïnkaOfhka tla ckudOHlrejl= w;awvx.=jg

f.k /|ùfuka rch úiska ;j;a oyfofkl=

ksy`v lrkq ,efí' w;awvx.=jg .kq ,enQ

ckudOHlrejdf.a whs;sjdislï Rcqju

W,a,x>kh lrkq ,efí' ta iu. u ksy`v lrk

,o ;j;a oyfofkl=f.a ysñlï o rch úiska

W,a,x>kh lr ;sfí' tu ;¾ckh we;af;a

jl%j h' Tmamq lsÍu ÿIalr h' Tjqka úiska

;¾ckh yoj;ska .%yKh lrf.k ksy`vj

isákq ,efí' Tjqkaf.a m%ldYkfha ksoyi

W,a,x>kh ùu ksÍlaIKh jkafka ke;'

ksÍlaIlhkaf.a N+ñldj o hgm;a lrkq ,efí'Z

wef.a ksÍlaIKh wkqj" m%ldYkfha ksoyi

W,a,x>kh lsÍu yd tys m%;sM,hla f,i we;s

jk iajhx jdrKh u`.ska iEu cd;shl u

m%cd;ka;%jd§ l%shdj,shg ndOd úh yels h' th

Y%S ,xldfõ§ jvd Nhdkl h' rg oYl ;=kl

hqoaOfhka f.dv tñka ;sfnkjd muKs' fldá

ixúOdkh mrdch lr we;;a" hqoaOh we;s l<

jd¾.sl wd;;sh tfiau ;sfí' rdcmlaI wdKavqj

úiska uyck idlÉPd ksy`v lsÍu u`.ska

zixys£hdj j<lajd we;' iduh ia:djr lr .ekSu

i|yd bÈßhg hdug m%;sixialrK wjYH h'Z

uQ,dY%h( Silencing the Media in Sri Lanka: How the Sri Lankan Constitution Fuels Self-Censorship and Hinders Reconciliationhttp://www.vjil.org/assets/pdfs/vol53/Boronow-Finalized-v1.pdf

uxcqidj

15

ia


3 14 wkdrlaIs;

mßirh ksid

udOH Ndú;djg ndOd

fkdmeñKùu

https://cpj.org/exile/ https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2014/sri-lanka#.VUL0uvDkqSo

http://en.rsf.org/sri-lanka-less-anti-media-violence-in-2010-30-12-2010,39197.html

http://www.jdslanka.org

http://silencedvoicesfilm.com/synopsis.html

140 141 142

ydr ;¾ck yd uE;§ we;a;g u isÿ

jQ YdÍßl ysxikh fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldfõ

udOHfõ§ka w;r ìh yd iajhx jdrKh

me;sr ;sfí'

ie,lsh hq;= ckudOHfõ§ka ixLHdjla

ráka msg ù hkakg fya;= jQfha ;¾ck yd

j.W;a;rlrejkag tfrys uqla;shhs' f,dj

jgd mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag we;s ;¾ck ms<sn|

fidhd n,k cd;Hka;r mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a

uOHia:dkh (CPJ) mjik mßÈ 2014 wjidkh

jk úg mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag Ôú;drlaIdj i|yd

m<d hkakg isÿ jk m%Odk rgj,a 10 w;ßka

,xldj tlla úh'140

zz*%Svï yjqiaZZ ish 2014 jd¾;dfõ i|yka lrk

wdldrhg zÿisï lSmhla mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka yd

udOH l%shdldßlhka ráka msgj f.dia fyda ráka

msg /£ isá;s' ta fya;=fjka lafIa;%hg fndfyda

m<mqreÿ jD;a;slhka wysñ ù ;sfí'Z141

foaYiSud úrys; udOHlrefjda 2010

foieïnrfha§ mejiQ mßÈ udOH l%shdldßlhka

we;=¿ Y%S ,dxlsl ckudOHlrejka 55la" 2008

yd 2010 w;r ld,fha§ Ôú; ìh ksid ráka

neyerj ;sfí' zrch úiska úúO yd ksoyia

wkaoñka Y%S ,xldfõ ;;a;ajh jd¾;d lsÍu

je<elaùu i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk kj wdldrfha

jdrK yd ndOl foaYiSud úrys; udOHlrefjda

fy<d ols;s' YdÍßl m%ydr" ;¾ck yd isr.;

lsÍï isÿ jk wjia:d .Kfkys wvq ùu ms<s.;

yels h' tfy;a" ienE l¾;D udKav,sl ksoyi

h<s we;s ùu je<elaùug md,lhka lghq;= lsÍu

lK.dgqjg lreKls'Z142

Y%S ,xldfjka m<d .sh ckudOHlrefjda hqfrdamd

rgj,a .Kkdjl Ôj;a fj;s ^jeä jYfhka Ôj;a

jkafka iaúÜi¾,ka;fha yd tlai;a rdcOdksfha

h&' lsysm fofkla bkaÈhdfõ yd fkamd,fha

isá;s&' we;efula udOH iïnkaO úúO /lshd

j,g fhduq ù ;sfí' ;j;a we;efula fï jk

úg Yla;su;a mokula f.dvk.df.k ;sfnk

vhiafmdardfõ udOHj,g iïnkaO ù isá;s' ;j;a

lsysm fofkla ;ksj fyda ;j;a wh iu. tlaj

;ukaf.a u fjí wvú wdrïN lr ;sfí'

Y%S ,xldfõ m%cd;ka;%jdoh i|yd udOHlrefjda

hk ixúOdkh 2009 cq,s ui hqfrdamfha Ôj;a

jk Y%S ,xldfjka neyer jQ udOHlrejka msßila

úiska msysgqjd .kakd ,§' 2012 jk úg Tjqkaf.a

idudðl;ajh 30ls' udkj ysñlï yd ckudOH

ksoyi ms<sn|j Tjqkaf.a íf,d.a wvúfhys

idlÉPd lrkq ,efí'143 2012§ fkda¾ùðhdkq

ckudOHfõ§ îá wdkaiaàâ úiska úkdä

60l jd¾;d Ñ;%mghla ks¾udKh lrk ,§'

zksy~ lrk ,o y~Z kï jk tys Y%S ,dxlsl

ckudOHlrejka úfoaY.;j Ôj;a jk wdldrh

u;= lr olajñka Tjqkaf.a jD;a;Sh ;;a;ajh jeä

ÈhqKq lsÍug Wmldr lrk ,§' tys úfoaY.;

ckudOHlrejka jk fidkd,s iurisxy"

m%

143

144


‘Media Freedom in Post War Sri Lanka and its Impact on the Reconciliation Process’ in 2012. Reuters Institute for Study of Journalism. University of Oxford, 2012. http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/publication/media-freedom-post-war-sri-lanka-and-its-impact-reconciliation-process

As quoted in IFJ report of March 2015, p4: http://www.ifj.org/fileadmin/images/Asia_Pacific/IFJ_AP/reports-etc/Gender_and_Media_in_Sri_Lanka

145 146

NdIK wfíj¾Ok" Y¾ñ,d f,daf.aiajrka yd ta'

f,dalSika woyia m<lr we;'144

zúfoaY.; ckudOHlrefjda iy úfoaY.;

lKavdhï ngysr udOH iu. fyd| iïnkaOlï

f.dvk.df.k ;sfí' tu lKavdhï Y%S ,xld

rch iu. tlaj lghq;= lr;s' fuu lKavdhï

tlai;a rdcOdksfha idfmalaI jYfhka l%shdldÍ

jk w;r tys udOH úiska jvd úfõpkd;aul

jd¾;d /f.k tkq ,efí' fuu m%h;akhka

fya;=fjka Y%S ,xld rch iEfyk wmyiq;djlg

m;a ù ;sfí"Z hehs ìîiS ckudOHfõ§

iajdñkdoka kvrdcd ,shqfõ h' Tyq mYapd;a hqo

ld,Sk Y%S ,xldfõ udOH ksoyi yd ixys¢hd

l%shdj,sh iïnkaOfhka tys n,mEu ms<sn|

m¾fhaIK jd¾;djla 2012§ m< lf<a h'145

2014 ueo" kj rcfha udOH weu;s .hka;

lreKd;s,l mejiqfõ kj rch úiska 2005 isg

isÿ jQ ckudOHlrejkaf.a >d;k úu¾Ykh

lrkq we;s nj yd mqj;am;a l,dfõ id¾:l;ajh

fjkqfjka miqìu ks¾udKh lrkq we;s njhs'

ishÆ úfoia.; ckudOHlrejka wdmiq ish rg

meñK ish jD;a;sfhys fhÈh hq;= nj Tyq fmkajd

fohs' tfy;a" fï olajd u ish rg wdmiq meñK

we;af;a lsysm fofkl= muKs'146

ks ¾ f oa Y ( udOHj,g lrk ;¾ck yd m%ydrj,g

uqla;sh ,efnk ishÆ kS;s ixfYdaOkh l<

hq;= h' udkj ysñlï W,a,x>khka ms<sn|

i;Hh fy<sorõ jk yd j.W;a;rlrejkag

m<d hdug fkd yels jk jd;djrKhla

ks¾udKh l< hq;= h'

2009 ckjdß 6 Èk fm!oa.,sl ysñldr;ajh iys;

isri rEmjdyskS iy .=jkaúÿ,s cd,hg t,a, jQ m%ydrh

fmd,Sish úiska mÍlaId lrk whqre'

PdhdrEmh( bIdr tia fldäldr AFP


udOH ksoyi b,a,d isák ckudOHfõ§kaf.a Woaf>daIKhla 2007 fkdjeïn¾ 23 Èk - fld<U"

PdhdrEmh( ÿIHka;skS lk.iNdm;sms,af,

YS% ,xldfõ udOHj,g t,a,jk ;¾ckhg tfrys úfrdaO;djka' PdhdrEm wkq.%yh( Colombo Gazette


m%j¾.h 3

udOH m%cd;ka;%jd§ idlÉPdfõ fõÈldjla f,i


1' <uhska" ldka;djka" jd¾.sl yd wd.ñl iq¿;rhka" jeäysáhka"

j;=lrfha ck;dj" wdndO iys; ckhd wd§ fldgiaj,g udOH

fiajd iemfhk mßÈ fhda.H m%;sm;a;s" kshduk yd fjk;a

l%shdud¾. Tiafia rch udOH nyq;ajjdoh m%j¾Okh l< hq;=

h' wka;¾.%dyS udOH m%;sm;a;s Tiafia" úldYlhkag úfYaIs;

n,m;% fldkafoais u`.ska" úldY lafIa;%fha iajdëk kshdukhka

m%j¾Okh lsÍfuka" uyck fiajd" jdksc yd m%cd hk ;,

;=fka úldY y÷kd .ekSfuka iy iajdëk ksIamdolhkag uq,H

iyfhda.h ,nd §fuka wka;¾.; úúO;ajh Èß .ekaùfuka

fuh imqrd .; yels h'

2' úfYaIfhka u .=jkaúÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS úldY uOHia:dk

we;=¿ udOH úiska ixialD;sl yd NdId úúO;ajhg;a" ia;%S

mqreI iudkd;au;djg;a Èß fok wjldYhla ks¾udKh l<

hq;= h' úfYaIs; wjodkug md;% jQ lKavdhïj, wNs,dIhka

wduka;%Kh l< hq;= h' ldka;djka taldlD;slrKhg ,la fkd

jk fia ksrEmKh l< hq;= h' fuu wruqK fjkqfjka jeämqr

ldka;djka m%jD;a;s ksIamdokfha yd bÈßm;a lsÍfï fhÈh hq;=

h' uyck fiajd udOH úiska iuia; foaYmd,k mrdifha u

u;hka iudk f,i ksrEmKh l< hq;= h'

3' udOH l¾udka;h úiska udOH nyq;ajjdoh Èß .ekaúh hq;= h'

l¾;D uKav," msßia yd l<ukdlrK uÜgïj,§ thg wemlem

úh hq;= h' l=i,;d u; mokï jQ n|jd .ekSfï m%;sm;a;shla

wkq.ukh lrk w;r" udOH iud.ï úiska ;ukaf.a ld¾h

uKav,h ;=< jd¾.sl úúO;ajh jvd fyd¢ka ksrEmKh jkakg

j. n,d .; hq;= h' iq¿;r jd¾.sl yd NdId m%cdjka w;ßka

fuka u wdndO iys; ckhd w;ßka o n|jd .ekSï l< hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

3.1 uyck fiajd"

fm!oa.,sl yd

m%cd mdol udOH

iudcfha ishÆ

lKavdhïj,g

fiajh lrhs

3.2 udOH wdh;k

ish jD;a;Sh

Ndú;djka u`.ska

iudc úúO;ajh

mrdj¾;kh lrhs


4' rch úiska l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nk rchg wh;a Y%S ,xld

.=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj" rEmjdyskS ixia:dj yd iajdëk rEmjdyskS

fiajh ieneúka u iajdëk uyck fiajd úldY njg m;a lsÍu

i|yd rch kS;s m%;sixialrK isÿ l< hq;= h' we`.s,s .eiSulska

f;drj uyck wNs,dIhka fjkqfjka fiajh lsÍug tajdg

mq¿jk' uyck fiajd úldYj, md,k jHQy rcfhka iajdëk

úh hq;= w;r tajdg mQ¾K l¾;D uKav, ksoyi ;sìh hq;= h'

uyck fiajd úldY rcfhka ksoyia ùu kS;sfhka ;yjqre l<

hq;= h' ta i|yd iajdëk md,k jHQy m;a l< hq;= h' md,l

uKav,fhka o ixialdrl ksoyi yd jD;a;sl ksoyi wdrlaId

l< hq;= h' uyck fiajd úldY fjkqfjka kS;s iïmdokh

lsÍfï§ hqfrdamfha" lekvdfõ yd wdishdfõ udÈ,s /ila

wkq.ukh l< yels h'

5' uyck fiajd úldY wruqo,a ys È.=ld,Skj iqrlaIs;nj rch

;yjqre l< hq;= h' tajd ys;=jlaldr foaYmd,k ueÈy;a ùïj,ska

yd fjf<|fmd< n,fõ.j,ska ksoyia úh hq;= h' uyck fiajd

úldY i|yd fmdÿ wruqo,a hdka;%Khla ;sìh hq;= h'

6' rfÜ iqúfYaI uyck fiajd wjYH;d flfrys úfYaIs;

wjOdkh fhduq lrñka uyckudOHj, uyck fiajd jru hï

wdldrhlska meyeÈ,s jk mßÈ kS;s iïmdokh l< hq;= h'

7' uyck fiajd udOH Y%S ,xldfõ ck;djg j.lSfï Okd;aul

ne£ula we;s lsÍu msKsi kS;s f.k wd hq;= h' md¾,sfïka;=j

yryd fuka u .%dyl iñ;s msysgqùfuka yd Rcqj uyckhd

iu. wka;¾ l%shdldÍ ùfuka jevigyka j,g ,nd .kakd

m%;spdr u`.ska tfia l< yels h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

3.3 uyck fiajd

úldYj, wruqKq

kS;suh jYfhka

w¾:l:kh

lr iqrlaId lr

;sfí

3.4 uyck fiajd úldYl

fufyhqï u`.ska lsisÿ

lafIa;%hl úIu;djla

we;s lrkq fkd ,efí


8' rchg wh;a uqøs; udOHj, wkd.; ;;a;ajh ;SrKh lsÍu

i|yd uyck woyia úuiSula meje;aúh hq;= h' tajd uyck

fiajd udOH njg m;a lsÍu" iïmQ¾Kfhka u fm!oa.,SlrKh

lsÍu yd ysñldß;ajh mq¿,a lsÍu hkd§ ishÆ úi÷ï i,ld

ne,sh hq;= h'

9' rdcH úldYlhka ienE uyck fiajd úldY njg m;a l< hq;=

h' tajd wëlaIKh l< hq;af;a iajdëk md,l uKav, úisks'

tajd md¾,sfïka;=j Tiafia uyck;djg j. úh hq;= h'

10' iajdëk uyck fiajd úldY y÷kajd §u i|yd isú,a

iudc ixúOdk il%shj n,mEï l< hq;= h' tajd

mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wruqo,a fidhd .ekSug o

ks¾udKd;aul l%u fiúh hq;= h'

11' ks¾udkd;aul yd ld¾hlaIu iajrEmfhka uyck;dj iu.

iïnkaO ùu i|yd Y%S ,xldfõ uyckudOH Okd;aul f,i

j.lsj hq;= ;;a;ajhg m;a l< hq;= h' tu`.ska jevigyka

uyck wjYH;d bgq lrk nj ;yjqre l< hq;= h' úfYaIfhka

u" .%dyl iñ;s ks¾udKh lsÍfuka uyck u;hg ijka §ug

ie,eiaúh yels h'

12' 1973 wxl 5 orK Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a uKav, mk; wfydais l<

hq;= h' Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu kï jHQyh ia:dms;

l< hq;= h'

13' udOH l¾udka;h yd udOH jD;a;slhka úiska mqj;am;a meñKs,s

fldñIu Yla;su;a l< hq;= h' úoHq;a úldY yd iïmQ¾Kfhka

u fjí mdol mqj;a udOH wdjrKh jk mßÈ tys mrdih mq¿,a

l< hq;= h' th fyd¢ka u l< yelafla flfia o hkak ks¾Kh

lsÍug uyck woyia le|ùula l< hq;= h' fï fjkqfjka

iu kshduk udÈ,shla wkq.ukh l< yels h' tjekakla

bkaÿkSishdfõ mqj;a uKav,h úiska ks¾foaY lr ;sfí' mqj;am;a

meñKs,s fldñIug ish ;Skaÿ n,d;aul lrùu i|yd kS;suh

n,;, ,nd Èh hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

3.5 iajdëk yd mdroDIH

md,khla ;sfí

3.6 uyck fiajd úldY

i|yd uyck;dj yd

isú,a iudc ixúOdk

iïnkaO fõ

3.7 uqøs; yd úoHq;a

úldY udOH

i;=j Yla;su;a

iajhx kshdukhla

;sfí


14' úldYlhka mqj;am;a meñKs,s fldñIu iu. tla jkakg

leu;s ke;skï Tjqka úldY wka;¾.;hka iïnkaOfhka

;ukaf.a u uyck meñKs,s l%uhla ilia l< hq;= h' fï i|yd

tla úl,amhla jkafka fhdað; iajdëk úldY kshdukfha

fldgialrejl= ùuhs'

15' mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a wdpdrO¾u ix.%y" l¾;D udKav,sl

iajdëk;ajh wdrlaId lsÍfï úêúOdk" ixialdrl

ud¾f.damfoaY wdÈh fjkqfjka fm!oa.,sl yd fmdÿ udOH

hdka;%Khka l%shd;aul l< hq;= h' tla úl,amhla jkafka

uyck meñKs,s .%ydlhkaf.a ixialdrljrhl= yryd ,nd

.ekSuhs' tu ixialdrljrhdg uyck meñKs,s ,nd .kakd

yd tajd úl,ikh lrk wdldrh o" fjkialï lrk

wdldrh yd oKavkhka fyda jkaÈ ,nd § we;s wdldrh o

;yjqre l< yels h'

16' fm!oa.,sl" uyck yd m%cd udOH úiska wka;¾

l%shdldß;ajfhka Tíng hñka" jevigykaj,g n,mEï l<

yels wkaoñka yd wOHdmksl wruqKq fjkqfjka ueÈy;a úh

yels wdldfrhka mqrjeis iyNd.s;ajh i|yd úúO hdka;%Khka

ks¾udKh l< hq;= h' tajd ;yjqre l< hq;= h'

17' ckudOHõ§kaf.a ix.ï yd udOH ysñlrejkaf.a

ksfhdað;hka w;r l¾;Djrekaf.a ixialdrljrekaf.a

ysñlï yd j.lSï ms<sn| .súiqï ixj¾Okh l< hq;= h' th

udOH wdh;k ;=< l¾;D udKav,sl iajdëk;ajh ;yjqre

lsÍu i|yd ld¾hlaIu hdka;%Khls'

18' ;ukag wdpdrO¾u ix.%y yd l¾;D uKav, ud¾f.damfoaY we;s

nj udOH úiska ;yjqre l< hq;= h' mdroDIHNdjh jeä lrkq

yd tajd ienúkau Ndú;d lrkq msKsi tajd mq¿,a f,i m%pdrh

l< hq;= h' iEu udOHfõÈfhl=gu th mßyrKh lrkakg

myiq úh hq;= h' ckudOHfõ§ ix.ï úiska fuu Ndú;djka Èß

.ekaúh hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

3.7 uqøs; yd úoHq;a úldY

udOH i;=j Yla;su;a

iajhx kshdukhla

;sfí

3.8 udOH iajhx

kshduk

ixialD;shla

ksrEmKh lrhs


19' iqÿiqlï ,;a mqoa.,hkaf.ka ieÿï,;a iajdëk jHQyhla u`.ska

l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk kùk kS;suh rduqjla u`.ska úoHq;a úldY

udOH kshdukh l< hq;= h'

20' tu mqoa.,hka foaYmd,k yd jdksc Wjukdjkaf.ka ksoyia

úh hq;= w;r fmdÿ Wjukdjka ksfhdackh l< hq;= h' fuu

kshdukh úiska l¾;D uKav, iajdëk;ajh ia:dms; l< hq;= h'

idOdrK;ajh yd wmlaImd;s;ajh ishÆ fokdg tl fia wod<

jk mßÈ úldY kS;s iïmdokh lrkq we;' tfy;a tjeks kS;s

u`.ska l¾;D uKav, iajdëk;ajhg ndOd fkd úh hq;= h' tu

kS;s ieliSfï§ úldYlhka thg iyNd.s úh hq;= h'

21' uqøs; yd úoHq;a úldY udOH md,kh lrk wdpdrO¾u ix.%y

úiska úfYaIfhka u" ue;sjrK iufha fufyhqï wduka;%Kh

l< hq;= h' idOdrK;ajfha yd wmlaImd;s;ajfha wjYH;dj

tys§ ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= h' iEu ue;sjrK ld, iSudjl§

u ue;sjrK flduidßiajrhd úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk

ud¾f.damfoaY fuysS § wod< lr .; hq;= h' ksoyia úoHq;a úldY

kshdukh úiska úldYhka tu kS;s iu. wkq.; jkafka o

hkak wëlaIKh l< hq;= h'

22' msysgqjkakg fhdað; úoHq;a úldY kshdukdh;kh msysgqùfuka

miq th yd úldY l¾udka;h tlaj úoHq;a úldY udOH i|yd

jD;a;Sh ud¾f.damfoaY yd wdpdrOd¾ñl m%ñ;s ixj¾Okh

lr Ndú;djg .; hq;= h' tjeks jD;a;Sh m%ñ;sj,g ishÆ

úldYlhka idOdrK yd wmlaImd;S f,i foaYmd,k ldrKd yd

fjk;a uyckhdg jeo.;a lreKq ie,ls,a,g .kakd nj wvx.=

úh hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

3.10 úoHq;a úldY wdpdr

O¾u ix.%yh M,odhS

f,i l%shdfõ fhofõ

3.9 idOdrK;ajh yd

wmlaImd;s;ajh ms<sno

wjYH;d ksrEmKh jk

ld¾hlaIu úoHq;a udOH

wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla

ieliSu

3.11 uyck;dj udOH

ms<sno by< úYajdihla

m%o¾Ykh lrhs


23' udOH úiska ish lghq;= iïnkaOfhka mqrjeis wjfndaOh

Yla;su;a lsÍug by<u jD;a;Sh m%ñ;s fhdod .; hq;= h'

24' ckudOHfõ§kag yd fjk;a udOH fiajlhkag;a" uqøKd, yd

udOH wdh;kj,g;a tfrys m%ydr iïnkaOfhka mÍlaIK

mj;ajkakg;a" ish¨ j.W;a;rlrejka iïnkaOfhka kS;sh

l%shd;aul lsÍug;a rch id¾:l mshjr .; hq;= h'

fuu`.ska oYlhlg jeä ld,hla mej;s uqla;sfha ixialD;sh

fjkia jkq we;'

25' ishÆ udOH iud.ï úiska lafIa;%fha wk;=reodhl

jd¾;dlrKhkays§ ish ld¾h uKav,j, Ôú; wdrlaId

lr .kakg wdrlaIl m%;sm;a;shla ia:dms; l< hq;= h'

tfiau" wd¾:sl wNs,dIhka yd úfYaIfhka u foaYmd,k

mlaImd;s;ajhkaf.ka wdrlaIs; ksoyia jd;djrKhlg odhl

úh hq;= h' udOH ksoyi m%j¾Okh l< hq;= w;r iajhx jdrKh

j<lajd .; hq;= h'

26' Y%S ,xldfõ isÿ jQ ish¨ ckudOHfõ§ >d;k iïnkaOfhka

iúia;rj yd jD;a;sl uÜgñka mÍlaIK lsÍu ;yjqre lsÍu

i|yd m%udKj;a iïm;a yd wjOdkh we;s l< hq;= h'

27' udOHj,g lrk ;¾ck yd m%ydrj,g uqla;sh ,efnk ishÆ

kS;s ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= h' udkj ysñlï W,a,x>khka ms<sn|

i;Hh fy<sorõ jk yd j.W;a;rlrejkag m<d hdug fkd

yels jk jd;djrKhla ks¾udKh l< hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

3.12 udOH wdh;k

uyck;dj ;u lghq;=

iïnkaOfhka olajk

ye.Sï flfrys ixfõ§ h

3.13 ckudOHfõ§kag"

wdY%s; udOHlrejkag

yd udOH wdh;k

j,g ish jD;a;Sh

wdrlaIdj i,iajd .;

yels h

3.14 wkdrlaIs; mßirh

ksid udOH Ndú;djg

ndOd fkdmeñfKa


TAXATION AND

BUSINESS REGULATION

D4m%j¾.h


fjkqfjka fmkS isák wdh;kj, jD;a;Sh Odß;d

f.dvke.Su yd tajdg Wmldr lsÍu


m%Odk o¾Yl

w jD;a;Sh udOH mqyqKqj ,eîfï wjia:d

4'1 udOH jD;a;slhkag ;u wjYH;djkag .e,fmk

mqyqKqùï fj; m%fõY úh yels h'

4'2 udOH l<ukdlrejkag" jHdmdr l<ukdlrejka

we;=¿j" ;u wjYH;djkag .e,fmk mqyqKqùï fj;

m%fõY úh yels h'

4'3 mqyqKqj u`.ska udOH jD;a;slhkag m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd

ixj¾Okh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,efí'

wd udOH Ndú;h ms<sn| jD;a;Sh mdGud,d ;sîu

4'4 mq¿,a mrdihl isiqka i|yd wOHdmk mdGud,d ;sfí'

4'5 wOHdmk mdGud,d úiska isiqka m%cd;ka;%jd§

ixj¾Okh ms<sn| l=i,;d yd oekqfuka

fmdaIKh lrkq ,efí'

we jD;a;Sh iñ;sj, yd ixúOdkj, meje;au

4'6 udOH fiajlhkag jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,g ne£ug yd ish

whs;sjdislï N=la;s ú£ug wjia:dj ;sfí'

4'7 jD;a;Sh iñ;s yd jD;a;sl ixúOdk úiska jD;a;sh

iïnkaO Wmfoia fokq ,efí'

wE isú,a iudc ixúOdk mej;Su

4'8 isú,a iudc ixúOdk ixúOdk úiska udOH

úêu;a f,i ksÍlaIKh lrkq ,efí'

4'9 isú,a iudc ixúOdk úiska m%ldYkfha ksoyi ms<sn|

ldrKdj,§ Rcqj n,mEï lrkq ,efí'

4'10 isú,a iudc ixúOdk úiska m%cdjkag f;dr;=re fj;

m%fõYh yd Tjqkaf.a y~ wikakg i,iajkq ,efí'


zwm kej;;a mjik ldrKhla jkafka

m%ldYkfha ksoyi fmdÿfõ m%j¾Okh lsÍfï§ yd

úfYaIfhka u udOH ksoyi m%j¾Okh lsÍfï§

jeäÿrg;a iyfhda.h yd tlai;aNdjh fjkqfjka

wmf.a wemlem ùu m%ldY lrkafkuq' tneúka

woyia w;r fjkialï w;sl%uKh lrñka fuu

fmdÿ wruqK idlaId;a lr .ekSug tla jk f,i

wms udOH ixúOdkj,ska b,a,d isákafkuq'Z

udOH ksoyi yd iudc j.lSu ms<sn| fld<U

m%ldYkfha wjika jpk tfia h' th ksl=;a lrkq

,enqfõ Y%S ,xld l¾;D ixioh" ksoyia udOH

jHdmdrh" Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a iudch" Y%S ,xld

jD;a;Sh m;% l,dfõ§kaf.a ix.uh yd úl,am

m%;sm;a;s flakaøh úiska 1998 wfma%,a udifha§

mj;ajk ,o úoaj;a iuqq¿j wjidkfha§ h'

fuu m%ldYh rfÜ m%ldYlhka" l;=jreka"

ckudOHfõ§ka yd udOH l%shdldßlhka mq¿,a

udOH ksoyila yd by< uÜgfï jD;a;Sh

j.lSula ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jQ ish n,mEï

jHdmdrj, fhdod .;a udOH m%{ma;sh njg

blauKska u m;a úh'

fld<U m%ldYkfha tla m%Odk m%;sM,hla jkafka

udOH l¾udka;h yd udOH jD;a;slhka 2003§

tlg tla ù Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh msysgqjd

.ekSuhs' th udOH iïnkaO lghq;= i|yd u.

fmkaùu yd kdhl;ajh iemhSu msKsi l¾udka;

fõÈldjla úh' tys iu ks¾ud;Djreka jqfKa Y%S

,xld l¾;D ixioh" ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh" Y%S

,xld mqj;am;a iudch yd Y%S ,xld jD;a;Sh m;%

l,dfõ§kaf.a ix.uhhs'

Y%S ,xld udOH lafIa;%fha Odß;d f.dvke.Sfï yd

m%ldYkfha ksoyi i|yd jk wdOdrl wdh;k"

nyq;ajjdoh yd úúO;ajh ;lafiare l< hq;af;a

by; ixo¾Nh ;=<hs'


tlsfkl u; w;smsys; jk" tfy;a" lemS fmfkk ixl,am

OH wOHdmkh" udOH wOHhk yd

ckudOH wOHdmkh hk fhÿï

tlsfkl w;r udre fjñka Ndú;d lr

;sfí' tfy;a" we;a; jYfhka u tajdg

ksYaÑ; f;areï ;sfí'

ckudOH wOHdmkh úiska j.lSulska hq;=

ld¾hlaIu ckudOH Ndú;h iïnkaO

mokï" kHdh" m¾fhaIK yd mqyqKqj imhkq

,efí' 2007§ f,dal ckudOH wOHdmk

iNdfõ uQ,O¾u m%ldYh wkqj" ckudOH

wOHdmkfha yrh jkafka ixl,amSh"

od¾Yksl yd l=i,;d mdol wka;¾.;fha

;=,khls' ckudOH wOHdmkh hkq thg u

wdfõKsl oekqu yd kHdh jHqyhla iys;

wOHhk lafIa;%hls' ^n,kak( http://wjec.net/declaration-of-principles/) uyck

iïnkaO;d" oekaùïlrKh fyda fjk;a

uyck ikaksfõok mdGud,d fyda thg

wh;a jkafka ke;'

udOH wOHdmkh yd udOH wOHhk

hkq l¾udka;fha ksIamdok yd wod,

;dlaIKhka ms<sn| idudkH ksmqK;d

,nd .ksñka mqyqKq ùu yd udOH .ek

bf.kSuhs' tu`.ska yodrkakdg udOH

f,aLk ^,sÅ;" Y%jH oDIH yd äðg,a

ksIamdok& úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï jvd

fyd| Odß;djla ,nd fohs' fuh iudÔh

úoHd;aul úIhls' tu`.ska ckudOH

wOHdmkfha fldgia o wdjrKh lrkq

,efí' tfy;a" m%fõYh fjkia h'

jD;a;Sh udOH mqyqKqj ,eîfï wjia:d

wuxcqidj

06

ud


4 01 udOH

jD;a;slhkag

;u wjYH;djkag

.e,fmk mqyqKqùï

fj; m%fõY úh yels h

óg jir 20lg fmr ld,h iu.

ikaikaokh l< úg oeka ckudOH yd

udOH ms<sn| jeä mqyqKq mdGud,d yd

fiajd imhkakka msßila isá;s'

we;eï ckudOH mdGud,d úiska wruqKq lrkq

,nkafka ckudOH l,dfõ uQ,sl yd w;rueÈ

uÜgïj, l=i,;d we;s lsÍuhs' wfkla tajd

úfYaIs; ud;Dld iïnkaOfhka f;aud;aul

mqyqKqj imhhs'

ckudOH yd udOH mqyqKq mdGud,d ;sfnkuq;a

tajdfha .=Kd;aulNdjh md,kh lsÍu" Ndú;dj

wod< ùu yd tjeks mqyqKqùï ,nd .ekSfï myiqj

hk ldrKd .ek o wjOdkh fhduq ù ;sfí'

ckudOHfõ§kaa yd udOH l<ukdlrejka o we;=¿

udOH l¾udka;h i|yd jvd fyd¢ka b,lal

lrk ,o mqyqKqùï i|yd yÈis wjYH;djla ;sfí'

tfy;a" fï jk úg l¾udka;fha wjYH;dj

yd ;sfnk mdGud,djka w;r meyeÈ,s fkd

.e,mSula ;sfí' fuu`.ska fndfyda udOH

jD;a;slhka w;r zl=i,;d ys`.hlaZ we;s ù ;sfí'

tu`.ska udOH ksIamdokj, jD;a;Sh m%ñ;Skaf.a

meyeÈ,s wvqjla ;sfí'

wjdikdjlg fuka" fndfyda udOH iud.ïj,g

udOH wOHdmkh yd mqyqKqj m%uqL ldrKhla

jkafka ke;' fndfyda udOH iud.ïj,

udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;s u`.ska

ckudOH wOHdmkh yd

mqyqKqj m%cd;ka;%jdohg

wod< jkafka wehs@

zzjD;a;Sh m%jD;a;s udOH uyck

wNs,dIhkaf.a wdrlaIlhl= f,i

l%shd lrhs' th m%cd;ka;%jdofha

fldgila jk msßlaiqï yd

iunr lsÍïj, jeo.;a Wmdx.

hls' mqrjeishkag f;dr;=re

fnod §fuka" ixj¾Okfhys

,d iy j.ùfï m%;sfmdaIK

hdka;%Khka Yla;su;a lsÍfuys

,d mqrjeishkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh

m%jD;a;s udOH úiska Yla;su;a

lrkq ,efí' jeo.;a f;dr;=re yd

oekqu fkdue;sj mqrjeishkag ish

mqrjeis whs;sjdislï wNHdi l<

fkd yels h' uekeúka mqyqKq jQ

ckudOHfõ§kag th jvd fyd¢ka

lsÍfï yelshdj ;sfí'

zztneúka ckudOHlrejka f;dr;=re

fidhd .ekSfï yd tajd w¾:

ksrEmKh lsÍfï o" th yels ;rï

úIh uQ,sl yd wmlaImd;S wkaoñka

ikaksfõokh lsÍfï yd ta iïnkaO

;SrK .ekSfï o jD;a;sl ksmqK;d

iys; wh nj iy;sl lsÍfï j.lSu

iudchg ;sfí' uekeúka mqyqKq

lrk ,o yd úpdrYS,S ukila

we;s ckudOHfõ§kaf.ka iukaú;

mqj;a ueÈßj, wjYH;dj ckudOH

l,dfõ yoj; fõ' Tjqkag ish

iudchka ;=< m%cd;dka;%sl l%shdj,s

Èß.ekaùfï yelshdj ;sfí'ZZ

ckudOH wOHdmkh yd mqyqKqj

ms<sn|j" hqfkiaflda fjí wvúfhka

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-development/journalism-education-and-training/


ckudOHfõ§kaf.a wLKav wOHdmkhg

wjia:dj ,nd fokafka ke;' ksoiqkla f,i

kj l=i,;d yd iqÿiqlï ,nd .ekSu m%j¾Okh

lrkafka ke;'

fndfyda úg ;ks ;ks udOHlrejka úiska

mqyqKqùï ,nd .kafka mqoa., wNsfma%rKh ksid

h' ta fjkqfjka Ndú;d lrkq ,nkafka ;ukaf.a

u wruqo,a h' wdh;k u`.ska fufyhjkq ,nk

mqyqKqùï i|yd wruqo,a fndfyda úg imhkq

,nkafka udOH l¾udka;fhka ndysr wdh;k

úisks' ta jkdys ixj¾Ok wdOdrlrejka yd

n,mEï lKavdhï wdÈhhs'

msúiqï uÜgfï ckudOHfõ§ka i|yd úúO

mdGud,d ;sfí' tfy;a" uOHu uÜgfï

jD;a;slhkag yd fiajfha fh§ isák w;r;=r

mqyqKq jkakg leu;s whg ,efnk wjia:d

iSñ; h' oekg mj;sk mdGud,d o ;;a;ajh

ms<sn| we.ehqï uÜgu i,l=Kq lr ke;' tla

l¾udka; ksÍlaIlfhla mejiqfõ fyd| mqj;a

ckudOHlrejka ksIamdokh lrk .=Kd;aul yd

úYaf,aIKd;aul l=i,;d iys; mqyqKq mdGud,d

ke;s nj h'

mqyqKqfõ fjk;a wxYj,g o wjOdkh yd

wdfhdack wjYH h' YslaIKh ,o mqyqKq

udOH mqyqKqlrejka yd foaYSh ixo¾Nhkg

wkql+, wOHdmksl fm<fmd;a ysÕlu fïjdg

wh;a fõ'

rdcH udOH wdh;kj,g ;ukaf.a u wNHka;r

mqyqKq wxY ;sfí' ^ta w;r Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s

ixia:dfõ mqyqKq wdh;kh yd f,alayjqia

wdh;kfha wNHka;r mqyqKq wdh;kh wh;a

fõ'&147 Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ mqyqKq

mdGud,dj,g wOHdmk .=jka úÿ,sh" .=jka

úÿ,sh fjkqfjka iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùu jeks

mdGud,d o ;sfí' tajd ndysr whg o uqo,a f.jd

yeoEßh yels h'

udOH l¾udka;h i|yd Y%S ,xld cd;sl

uOHia:dkhla

iajdëk ckudOHfõ§ mqyqKq ia:dkhla i|yd

wjYH;dj È.= l,l isg u oefkñka ;sfí'

2002§" iaùvk cd;Hka;r ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;d

ksfhdað;dh;kh (SIDA) úiska Y%S ,xldfõ

ckudOH mqyqKq wjYH;d ms<sn| wOHhkhla isÿ

lrjk ,§' ;=ka mqoa., lKavdhu úiska fndfyda

md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia úuid fufia igyka

lrk ,§( zY%S ,xldfõ úYajúoHd,j," w¾O

rdcH wdh;kj, yd fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj,

ckudOH ms<sn| wOHhk jevigyka ;sfí'

úúO .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajhka iys; fm!oa.,sl

wdh;k úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk úúO

jevigyka ;sfí' lKavdhug ,enqKq ld,

iSudj ;=< ta ms<sno woyila f.dvk.d .ekSu

ÿIalr úh' fïjdg wu;rj o hï ÿrlg jD;a;Sh

mqyqKqj isÿ fõ' tfy;a" tajd isÿ jkafka

wms<sfj,ghs'Z148

http://slbctraining.blogspot.com/

Journalism Training and Research in Sri Lanka. Stig Arne Nohrstedt, Sunil Bastian and Jöran Hök. April 2002. SIDA. http://www.sida.se/contentassets/2596a99da6904293b210766eb7735640/journalism-training-and-research-in-sri-lanka_784.pdf

147 148


iaùvk cd;Hka;r ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;d

ksfhdað;dh;kh úiska isÿ lrk ,o wOHhkfha§

úYaj úoHd," rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk yd udOH

wd§ úúO iïm;a tla lrñka zkj ixj¾Okhla

i|yd bjy,a jk" wjYH úYajikSh;ajh yd

Odß;dj iys; kj mqyqKq ia:dkhla msysgqúh

hq;= njg ks¾foaY lrk ,§' fuu úl,amhg

udOH ysñlrejkaf.a" udOH l<ukdlrejkaf.a"

ckudOHfõ§kaf.a yd rcfha ksfhdað;hkaf.a

iyfhda.h ,efnk nj fmfka' Y%S ,xldfõ ksoyia

udOH wjldYhla fjkqfjka wr., lrk rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk úiska o fuh oeäj wjOdrKh

lrk ,§'Z149

iaùvk cd;Hka;r ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;d

ksfhdað;dh;kfha ¥; fufyh 1998 fld<U

m%ldYkh iu. iu.dó úh' fuu l%shdj,sj,

m%;sM,hla f,i Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh

2003§ msysgqjk ,§' thg rks,a úl%uisxy rch

úiska m%;sm;a;suh iyfhda.h ,nd fok ,o w;r

ialekaäfkaúhdkq wdOdr ,eìKs'

j¾;udkfha§ Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh úiska

iajhx kshdukh i|yd we;s Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

meñKs,s fldñiug yd Y%S ,xld ckudOH

úoHd,hg wdh;ksl jevrduqjla imhkq ,efí'

th msysgqùfuka jir 12lg miqj Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a wdh;kh ;ju;a udOH l¾udka;h

;=< úúO md¾Yajlrejka tla lsÍfï yelshdj

;sfnk tl u fõÈldj f,i mj;S' flfia

fj;;a" oeka th ne?reï ;lafiarejlg yd

fjkia jk iudc wd¾:sl ;;a;ajhkag wkql+,j

kej; kïkSlrKhlg ,la l< hq;= h' Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a wdh;kh fï jk úg wruqo,a ys`.h

ksid ish mqyqKq wxYh we;=¿ fndfyda fldgia

lmamdÿ lr ;sfí'

Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,h

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh hgf;a 2004§ Y%S ,xld

ckudOH úoHd,h msysgqjkq ,enqfõ mqj;am;= l,d

wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aulNdjh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu

msKsi h' tys úIhud,dj ie,iqï lrkq ,enqfõ

udOH l¾udka;fha fcHaIaG jD;a;slhka úisks'

thg iaùvkfha l,aud¾ úYaj úoHd,fha ckudOH

mqyqKq wdh;kh jk f*dafcda udOH wdh;kh

úiska odhl;ajh imhk ,§'150

Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,h m%j¾. ;=kl

ckudOHlrejkag l,l isg fiajd imhhs' ta

jkdys we;=<;a jk uÜgfï ckudOHfõ§ka"

fiajfha fh§ isák fld<U yd wjg

ckudOHfõ§ka yd m%dfoaYSh ckudOHfõ§ka

jYfhks' tys mdGud,d ixlaIsm;aj my; oelafõ'

Op cit149 http://www.slcj.lk/about/background/

150


fïjd ld,Skj yd wjYH;d wkqj ixj¾Ok ixúOdk

iu. iyfhda.fhka mj;ajkq ,efí'

mdGud,d j¾.h yeoEÍfï iqÿiqlï úia;r yd j;auka ;;a;ajh

ckudOH

ämaf,daudj(

mQ¾j fiajd"

mQ¾K ld,Sk"

udi 12

Wiia fm< iu;a"

udOH jD;a;Skag

leue;a;la olajk

wh

úúO l=i,;d iys; ^uqøs;" f¾äfhda" rEmjdyskS

yd fjí&" fyd| kHdhsl oekqula yd wdpdrOd¾ñl

mokula we;s udOHlrejka ìys lsÍu b,lal lrhs'

udOH iud.ul udi foll wNHka;r m%dfhda.sl

mqyqKqjla o we;=<;a fõ' isxy, yd bx.%Sis NdIdj,ska

mqyqKqj meje;afõ' fou< udOH mdGud,djg b,aÆu

wvq ùu ksid kj;ajkakg isÿ úh'

kjHlrK mdGud,dj(

fiajfha fh§ isáh§

yeoEßh yels flá

ld,Sk mdGud,djls'

^Èk ;=kl mQ¾K

ld,Sk mqyqKqjls'&

kjl yd

;rula mqyqKq

ckudOHlrejka

yd udOH

l¾udka;fha

jD;a;slhka i|yd

ckudOHlrejkag jeo.;a úúO f;audjka yd úfYaIs;

ud;Dld wdjrKh lsÍu i|yd fïjd fhdod .kq

,efí' b,aÆu wvq ksid oeka meje;afjkafka ke;'

bÈßm;a lsÍfï l=i,;d ms<sn| udi ;=kl iy;slm;a

mdGud,djla ie,iqï lr ;sfí'

m%dfoaYSh

ckudOHlrejka

i|yd mqyqKqj(

fiajfha fh§ isáh§

yeoEßh yels flá

ld,Sk mdGud,djls'

fndfyda úg

fld<ôka neyer

ia:dk.;

jk m%dfoaYSh

ckudOHlrejka

b,lal lrhs'

fuu ish¨ mdGud,dj,§ udOH wdpdrO¾u oeäj

wjOdrKh lrk ,§' 2010 isg ämaf,daud yd

jD;a;sh w;r;=r mqyqKqj úiska udOH fuj,ï"

wjia:d yd wNsfhda. wdjrKh lrkq ,efí'

j.=j 3 ( Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,h imhk mdGud,d

tys l<ukdlrKhg wkqj" 2005 isg Y%S ,xld

ckudOH úoHd,fhka ;reK ;reKshka 600lg

jvd ämaf,daud ,en mqyqKqj ,nd ;sfí' Tjqkag

mqj;a udOH fukau" fj<| m%pdrKh" uyck


http://www.thomsonfoundation.org/news-and-features/2013/04/04/sri-lanka-shaping-the-future-of-journalism-training

151

iïnkaO;d jeks lafIa;%j, /lshd ,nd .;

yels úh' Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,fha 2014

jif¾ jd¾Isl jd¾;dj wkqj" l,ska jif¾

lKavdhfï /lshd kshqla;s wkqmd;slh 90]ls'

isiqka lsysmfofkla Wiia wOHdmkhg o fhduq

ù ;sfí'

flfia fj;;a" 2010 muK isg mdGud,d

fjkqfjka isiqkaf.a b,aÆu wvq úh' tfiau

ämaf,daudj ,nd .;a wh i|yd /lshd

fj<|fmdf<a b,aÆu o wvq úh' Y%S ,xld ckudOH

úoHd,h ta i|yd fya;= folla y÷kd .kshs'

• lafIa;%hg w¨f;ka tla jk wh

wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSug ;rï l¾udka;h

mq¿,a ù fkdue;sùu'

• ixj¾Ok wdOdrl wdh;kj, iyfhda.h

o wjika ù ;sîu' ^tu iyfhda.h ksid

mdGud,d .dia;=j wvq lr ;sìKs'& oeka

isiqkag re' 185"000la muK ämaf,daud

mdGud,dj fjkqfjka f.ùug isÿ fõ'&

jD;a;sh w;rueo mdGud,d i|yd ,shdmÈxÑ ùu

o wvq ù ;sfí' l,ska jirj,§ Y%S ,xld ckudOH

úoHd,h úiska úúO f;aud;aul mdGud,d

ixúOdkh lrk ,§' ta w;r m%cd;ka;%jdoh"

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yd md¾,sfïka;= jd¾;dlrKh jeks ud;Dld

;sìKs' fufia uE; ld,fha§ fuu mdGud,d i|yd

Wkkaÿj yd ,shdmÈxÑh wvq ùu ms<sn| fya;=

wmeyeos,s h' ukao" mqj;a ueÈßj,g ;ju;a mqyqKq

Y%uh wjYHj ;sfí'

udOH l¾udka;fha mqj;a ueÈß wjYH;d ^Wod(

ue;sjrK jd¾;dlrKh" m%pKav wmrdO" ixlS¾K

¥IK wdÈh jd¾;d lsÍu& yd wdOdr lrk

ixj¾Ok wdOdrlrejkaf.a leue;a; we;s f;aud

yd ud;Dld ^Wod( foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi" mYapd;a

hqo ld,Sk ixj¾Okh" taâia jeks& w;r fkd

.e,mSula ;sfí'

2013§ Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,fha m%Odk

ämaf,daud mdGud,dfõ úIhud,dj újrKh lr

ixfYdaOkh lrk ,§' ta i|yd jk WmfoaYk

l%shdj,shg l¾;Djre" fcHaIaG ckudOHfõ§yq

yd udOH jD;a;slfhda iyNd.s jQ y' fuhg

tlai;a rdcOdksfha f;dïika mokfï úfYaI{

iyfhda.h ,eìKs' udOH jD;a;Ska i|yd iúia;r

úIh ud,djla ilik ,§' th hqfkiaflda

ixúOdkh úiska ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,

ckudOH b.ekaùu i|yd ilik ,o" mq¿,aj

Ndú;d lrkq ,nk wdo¾Y úIhud,dj wkqj

ilik ,§'151

j¾;udkfha§ Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,fha

ämaf,daud mdGud,dj isiqka 16la úiska yodrkq

,nñka ;sfí' m%ñ;s.; n|jd .ekSfï mámdáh

wkqj we;=<;a lr .kakd ,o Tjqyq 2016 cqksj,§

mdGud,dj wjika lsÍug kshñ; h'


;j;a mqyqKq wdh;k folla .ek o i|yka l<

hq;= h' uOH lafIa;%fha /lshd wjia:d ixLHdjg

th idudkHfhka m%udKj;a jkq we;ehs

l<ukdlrKh i,lhs'

• udOH iïm;a yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh

hdmkh úYajúoHd,hg wkqnoaO fuu

wdh;kh 2004§ W;=f¾ ckudOHfõ§

mqyqKqjg uq,msrefõ h' uq,ska hqfkiaflda

yd IPDC wdOdr u; msysgqjk ,o th

miqj ialekaäfkaúhdkq wdOdr u;

mj;ajdf.k hk ,§' th u`.ska ckudOH

ms<sn| úYaj úoHd, isiqka i|yd mQ¾K

ld,Sk mdGud,djla o fiajfha fh§

isák ckudOHfõ§ka i|yd w¾O ld,Sk

ämaf,daudjla o mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí'

mdGud,d foflka u ud;Dld /ila

wdjrKh lrkq ,nk w;r thg ckudOH

l,dfõ kHdhsl fuka u m%dfhda.sl

ldrKd o we;=<;a fõ'152 udOH iïm;a yd

mqyqKq uOHia:dkh úiska fï jk úg;a

hdmkfha il%sh ckudOHfõ§ka

/ila mqyqKq lr ;sfí' tfy;a"

.;dkq.;sl foaYmd,k fn§ï fuu

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hgf;a we;s mßmd,k jHQyh

fya;=fjka wdh;kh ;=< we;eï úg

kuHYS,s;ajfhka wvq ks,Odßjdohkag

hg;a jSu isÿ fõ'

• Y%S ,xld udOH mqyqKq wdh;kh

udOH wud;HdxYh hgf;a we;s fuu

wdh;kh l,ska oek isáfha Y%S ,xld

rEmjdyskS mqyqKq wdh;kh f,ihs' th

úiska úldY l¾udka;h i|yd ;dlaIKsl

yd ixialdrl uÜgfï mQ¾j fiajd mqyqKqj

yd fiajh w;r;=r mqyqKqj ,nd fokq

,efí' 1984§ c¾udkq ;dlaIKsl yd uq,H

wdOdr u; msysgqjk ,o fuu wdh;kh

miq.sh ld,h ;=< ixj¾Okh ù 2016

ckjdß jk úg bÈßm;a lsÍu yd m%jD;a;s

lshùu" rEmjdyskS mqj;a ckudOHfõoh"

ckudOH i|yd bx.%Sis" äðg,a iskud

;dlaIKh" rEmjdyskS jevigyka

ksIamdokh" äðg,a miq ksIamdok

;dlaIKh jeks úIhka wo jk úg iy;sl

m;%" ämaf,daud yd Wiia mdGud,d u`.ska

wdjrKh lrkq ,efí' we;eï mdGud,d

isxy," fou< yd bx.%Sis NdId ;=fkka u

msßkukq ,efí'153

f;aud;aul mqyqKqj oaúmd¾Yaùh yqjudre

jevigyka

by; úia;r lrk ,o wdh;ksl ms<sfj,j,aj,g

wu;rj úúO flá ld,Sk jevuq¿ yd iïuka;%K

rch yd rdcH fkdjk" wka;¾ rdcH ixúOdk

l,ska l, úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí'

tajdfha§ HIV/AIDS, ÿïfld< md,kh" ffcj

http://mrtc-uoj.blogspot.com

http://www.sltti.lk

152

153


úúO;ajh wdrlaId lsÍu" hymd,kh" ia;%S mqreI

iudcNdjh" nqoaêuh foam," udkj ysñlï

wd§ f;aud;aul ldrKd úIh lrf.k Odß;d

f.dvke.Su isÿ lrkq ,efí'

fuu wúêu;a mqyqKq l%shdldrlïj, wka;¾.;h

fyda mqyqKq lr ;sfnk ixLHdj ms<sn| uOH.;

o;a; ke;'

Y%S ,xldfõ udOH l¾udka;h ms<sn| 2005 jif¾

lrk ,o wOHhkfha§ igyka lrk ,o foh yd

j¾;udk ;;a;ajh w;r t;rï fjkila isÿ ù

ke;' zrdcH fkdjk lafIa;%h j¾;udkh jk

úg ckudOHlrejkag yd mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag

mqyqKqj imhk m%Odk wxYh fjhs' flfia fj;;a"

fuu ixúOdk úiska imhkq ,nk mqyqKqfjka

jeä m%udKhla w;ßka m;r mj;ajk w;r

jevuq¿ lSmhlg iSud fõ' tneúka mqyqKqj

wLKav jkafka ke;' tu fya;=j ksid tajdfha

n,mEu wju h' tfiau tajd imhkq ,nkafka

jirlg 3"000la muK jk iq¿ msßilg muKs'

fndfyda úg" mdfoaYSh ckudOHfõ§kag fuu

mqyqKqùï i|yd ,efnkafka wvq wjia:djls'

tneúka ckudOHfõ§ka i|yd iúia;r yd wLKav

mqyqKqùïj, wjYH;dj ;ju;a b;sß ù ;sfí'Z154

cd;Hka;r udOH ixj¾Ok ixúOdk úiska o

we;eï ;dlaIKsl yd $ fyda f;aud;aul mqyqKq

jevigyka mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí' tajd we;eï

úg rg ;=< o" we;eï úg úfoaY mqyqKqùï f,i

o meje;afõ' uef,aishdfõ wdishd meis*sla úldY

ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" c¾uksfha fvdhsIa fjf,a"

iaùvkfha f*dafcda udOH wdh;kh" bkag¾ksõia

yd f¾äfhda fko¾,ka; mqyqKq wdh;kh tjeks

ixúOdk lSmhls'

cmdkfha tka'tÉ'fla'" iuia; bka§h .=jkaúÿ,sh

yd ¥¾o¾Yka" jeks wdh;k iu. oaúmd¾Yaùh

yqjudre jevigykaj,ska ckudOHfõ§kag

yd fjk;a udOH jD;a;slhkag o rdcH udOH

wdh;kj,g o jdis ie,fia' idla rgj,a w;r o

Y%jH" oDIH yqjudre jevigykla o ;sfí' tu`.ska

ol=Kq wdishdkq rgj,a w;r rdcH udOHlrejkaf.a

cd,hla f.dvke.S ;sfí'

m%dfoaYSh ckudOHfõ§ka i|yd mqyqKqj

m%dfoaYSh udOHlrejka ixLHdj lShla o

hkak ms<sn| úYajikSh o;a; ke;' oYlhla

muK merKs tla uQ,dY%hlg wkqj m%dfoaYSh

ckudOHlrejka 2"100la ,ehsia;=.; lr ;sfí'

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ckudOHlrejka úiska úfYaIfhka u isxy, yd

fou< udOH uqøs; yd úldY udOHhkaf.a m%jD;a;s

yd ld,Sk f;dr;=re wka;¾.;fhka wvq ;rfï 30

-50]laj;a ckkh lrkq ,efí' tfy;a" fndfyda

A Study of Media in Sri Lanka (excluding the North and East). April 2005. Centre for Policy Alternatives, Colombo. http://www.cpalanka.org/a-study-of-media-in-sri-lanka-excluding-north-and-east/

Sri Lanka Directory of Provincial Journalists, Sep 2005. http://www.environmentaljournalists.org/images/Sri_Lanka_Directory_of_Provincial_Journalists.pdf

154 155


m%dfoaYSh ckudOHlrejkag ckudOHfõofha uQ,sl

lreKq ms<sn|j lsisÿ úêu;a mqyqKqjla ,eî ke;'

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lsÍu w¾O ld,Sk l%shdldrlï fõ' ckudOH

Tjqkaf.a uQ,sl wdodhï ud¾.h jkafka ke;'

Tjqyq jD;a;Sh jYfhka .=re jD;a;sh" ;eme,a

fiajdj jeks fjk;a fndfyda lghq;=j, fh§

isák w;r jD;a;slNdjfha wvqmdvq yd ne¢hd

ms<s.egqï iys; fj;s'

2005 wOHhkfha§ úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh rg

mqrd m%dfoaYSh ckudOHlrejka ÿisï .Kkla

iu. iïuqL idlÉPd lrk ,§' úl,am m%;sm;a;s

flakaøh úiska fidhd .kakd ,o lreKla jQfha

miq.sh jir foll ld,h ;=< udOH wdh;k

úiska m%dfoaYSh ckudOHlrejkag lsisÿ mqyqKqjla

imhd ke;s njhs'

wOHhk jd¾;dj fufia o mejiSh( zlsisÿ

m%dfoaYSh ckudOHfõÈhl=g ish udOH wdh;kh

úiska jD;a;Sh wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhla imhd

ke;' Tjqkag ta ms<sn| lsisÿ wOHdmkhla

o ,eî ke;' ksoiqkla f,i iEu m%dfoaYSh

ckudOHlrefjla u ishÈú kid .ekSï ms<sn|

wvq ;rfï tla jd¾;djla fyda imhd we;'

flfia fj;;a" Tjqka lsisfjla ishÈú kid

.ekSï yd iïnkaO ixfõ§ jd¾;dlrKh .ek

ud¾f.damfoaY lshjd ke;' fndfyda m%dfoaYSh

ckudOHlrejkag ckudOH .ek uQ,sl

mqyqKqj fyda ke;' Tjqyq ish m%foaYfha§ tjeks

zzcd;sl udOH wdh;k j,g

jvd m%dfoaYSh udOH wdh;k

ìï uÜgfï ck;djg iómh'

m%dfoaYSh udOH uOHia:dkj,

;;a;ajh by< kexùu i|yd

m%dfoaYSh udOHfõ§kaf.a

wOHdmkh iy l=i,;d by<

kexùu wjYH fõ' m%dfoaYSh

udOH wdh;kj,g úúO

m<d;aj, ck;djf.a úúO

woyia u; m%ldYhg m;alrk

fõÈldjla f,i l%shdl< yelsh'

tuÕska ixj¾Ok l%shdoduhka

jvd;a w¾:dkaú; l< yelsh'

ixj¾Okh hkq ud¾. fyda

f.dvke.s,s f.dvke.Su

muKla fkdfõ'ZZ

- úksiqre iS'ù' ú.afkaIajrka

m%Odk wud;H

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olaj;s'Z156

j;auka f;dr;=re mjikafka wo jk úg o

;;a;ajh tjeks u njhs'

jir .Kkdjlg fmr Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,h

úiska m%dfoaYSh ckudOHlrejka fjkqfjka

wjYH;d ;lafiarejla lrk ,§' th mokï

lrf.k flá ld,Sk mqyqKq jevigyka lsysmhla

ie,iqï lrk ,§' tu`.ska ;ks mqoa., ùäfhda

mqj;a jd¾;dlrK l=i,;d" mqj;a /ia lsÍfï

wdpdr Od¾ñl ldrKd iy uQ,sl f¾äfhda

ksIamdok l=i,;d jeäÈhqKq lrk ,§'

fuu ckudOHlrejkaf.a Odß;d ixj¾Okh yd

Tjqkaf.a jD;a;Sh ;;a;ajh ixj¾Okh lsÍu Y%S

,xldfõ udOH m%;sixialrK úIfhys ,d b;d

jeo.;a h' tfy;a" m%dfoaYSh ckudOHlrejka

mqyqKq lsÍu i|yd l¾udka;h mqrd úysÿKq" úêu;a

m%fõYhla ke;'

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kfha ysgmq wOHlaI

ckrd,a wdpd¾h rx. l,kaiQßh fufia mjihs(

zY%S ,xldfõ m%dfoaYSh ckudOHlrejka mqyqKq

lsÍu yeu úg u mdfya wdOdr jevigyka u;

r|d mj;skakls' fndfyda jevuq¿ fufyhjkq

,nk uq;a" tajdhska uQ,sl l=i,;d ixj¾Okh

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udOH ksjyk

bkaÈhdfõ fpkakdhs ys ;sfnK

wdishdkq ckudOH úµd,h (ACJ), ckudOH l¾udka;fha iyfhda.h

we;sj mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk

ckudOH mqyqKq wdh;khls' th Y%S

,xldjg o wdo¾Yhg .; yelsh'

î'ã' f.dkald moku úiska wdrïN

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iy wdpdrO¾óh Ndú;djka iys;

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NdIduh udOH lKavdhula fï i|yd

wdfhdackh lrkq ,enQ w;r" fï jk

úg iuia; bka§h udOH l¾udka;h

fukau iudch o tys m%;s,dN ,nhs'

http://www.asianmedia.org/aboutus/mdf.asp

A Study of Media in Sri Lanka (excluding the North and East). April 2005. Centre for Policy Alternatives, Colombo. http://www.cpalanka.org/a-study-of-media-in-sri-lanka-excluding-north-and-east/

156


fkd okakd m%dfoaYSh ckudOHlrejka ug yuq

ù ;sfí' uQ,sl uQ,O¾u yd mqj;am;a l,dfõ

wdpdrO¾u ms<sn| oekqula ke;slu ksid ¥IKh

jeks foa iq,n ù ;sfí'Z

ckudOH l,dj ms<sn`o .=Kd;aul w;ska by<

isxy, yd fou< lshùï øjH fkdue;slu

fya;=fjka mqyqKqj yd iajhx wOHdmkh i|yd

wjia:d o je<fla'

bx.%Sis NdIdj yd mß.Kl mqyqKqj

udOH ld¾hd, uÜgfï§ fuka u m%dfoaYSh

uÜgfï§ o Y%S ,xldfõ ckudOHfõ§kag jD;a;sh

w;r;=r bx.%Sis NdId l=i,;d ms<sn| mqyqKqj ,nd

.ekSug ie,eiaùfuka Tjqkag jdis ie,fia'

th fl;rï ÿrg wjYH o hkak wjYH;d

;lafiarejlska yªkd .; yels h'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( udOH l¾udka;fha wjYH;d yd mqyqKqj

úiska imhkq ,nk foa w;r fkd .e,mSu

wOHhkh l< hq;= h' ta w;r;=r udOH

fuka u mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ mqyqKqj o

úiska udOH wka;¾.; ksIamdokh yd

mdßfNdackh ;=< isÿ fjñka ;sfnk

fõ.j;a fjkialï ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=

h' ta fjki iu. .kqfokq lsÍug udOH

jD;a;slhka yd l<ukdlrejka iQodkï l<

hq;= h' rch yd ixj¾Ok wdOdrlrejka

uOH ld,Sk ^mia wjqreÿ& uQf,damdhsl mqyqKq

ie,eiaulg Wmldr l< hq;= h'

by< jD;a;slNdjhl yd udkj iïm;a

ixj¾Okh jákdlu udOH wdh;k úiska

y÷kd.; hq;= h' th udOH lafIa;%fha

ixj¾Okfha wNHka;r fldgils' tys

wx.hla f,i udOH iud.ï úiska

wNHka;r mqyqKqj i|yd by< m%uqL;djla

Èh hq;= h' th yeu úg u wdh;kh ;=< u

isÿ úh hq;= ke;' tys§ ckudOH" ixialdrl

yd l<ukdlrK úIhj,g úfYaI;ajhla

oelaúh hq;= h' Tjqka ta fjkqfjka wruqo,a

fjka l< hq;= w;r mqyqKq wjia:d yd

YsIH;aj ms<sn| fidhd ne,sh hq;= h'

udOH iud.ï úiska ish udkj iïm;a

m%;sm;a;sh újrKh lr ixfYdaOkh l<

hq;=j ;sfí' fjk;a ldrKd w;r" wLKav

wOHdmkh ckudOHfõ§kag wjOdrKh

l< hq;= h' jegqma j¾Ol yd Wiiaùï jvd

;d¾lsl yd mdroDIH f,i ld¾hidOkh

yd kj l=i,;d w;am;a lr .ekSu iu.

iïnkaO l< hq;= h'


cd;Hka;r wdOdrlrejka yd Y%S ,xld

rch oekg mj;sk udOH mqyqKq myiqlï

iïnkaOfhka wdOdr l< hq;= h' ta w;r

Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,h" Y%S ,xld udOH

mqyqKq wdh;kh yd hdmkfha udOH iïm;a

yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh fõ' tajd u`.ska by<

m%ñ;sfha mqyqKqj fndfyda mqoa.,hkag iyk

ñ<g ,nd fohs' tfia fkdue;s kï fndfyda

mqoa.,hkag tajd ,nd .ekSu wmyiq h' fuu

wdh;kj,g ,nd fok wdOdr w;r udOH

mqyqKqlrejka mqyqKq lsÍfï jevigyka

i|yd wdOdr yd foaYSh ixo¾Nh ;=<

ckudOH wOHdmk fm< fmd;a iïmdokh

i|yd wdOdr ,nd §u we;=<;a úh hq;= h'

md¾,sfïka;=j úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o

Ndrldr wruqo,la u`.ska fuh iajdëk;ajh

wysñ fkd jk mßÈ l< yels h'

ish¨ n,m;% ysñhka wNHka;r fyda ndysr

udOH mqyqKqfõ lsishï uÜgula olajd

wdOdr l< hq;= njg j.n,d .ekSu fhdað;

iajdëk úldY kshdul wdh;kh úiska kj

úldY n,m;% l%uhla hgf;a l< hq;= h'

udOH l¾udka;fha taldnoaO ixúOdkhla

f,i Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh úiska

mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a Odß;d j¾Ok

yelshd Yla;su;a lr .; hq;= h' thg

cd;Hka;r wdOdr" udOH iud.ïj, wdOdr

yd cd;Hka;r n,mEï lKavdhïj,

wdOdr ,nd .; hq;= h' tu`.ska Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a l,d wdh;kh udOH lafIa;%fha

m%;sixialrK Èh;a l< yels id¾:l

fõÈldjla jkq we;'


4 02 udOH

l<ukdlrejkag"

jHdmdr l<ukdlrejka

we;=¿j" ;u wjYH;djkag

.e,fmk mqyqKqùï fj;

m%fõY úh yels h

OH iud.ïj, foj¾.hl

l<ukdlrKhla ;sfí' ta jHdmdr

l<ukdlrKh yd l¾;D uKav, fyda

m%jD;a;s ueÈß l<ukdlrKh jYfhks' fuu j¾.

fofla udOH l<ukdlrejkaf.a iqúfYaI wjYH;d

oekg mj;sk udOH mdGud,dj,ska wduka;%Kh

lrkq ,nkafka l,d;=rlsks' tajdhska jeä jYfhka

wduka;%Kh lrkq ,nkafka l¾;D udKav,sl

l%shdldß;ajh yd wka;¾.;hhs'

tys m%;sM,hla f,i Y%S ,xldfõ jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj

,o" iqÿiqlï iys; udOH l<ukdlrejkaf.a ys`.

hla ;sfí' fndfyda úg" iud.ï úiska fcHaIaG

ckudOHfõ§ka yd úldYlhka l<ukdlrK

;k;=re i|yd Wiia lrkq ,efí' tfy;a" Tjqka

fndfyda fofkl=g Wmdhsl Ñka;kh yd udkj

iïm;a l<ukdlrK l=i,;d wju h'

udOH l¾udka;fha l<ukdlrK wNsfhda. yd

iïnkaO uQ,sldx. we;eï jHdmdr l<ukdlrK

mdGud,dj, yd wf,úlrK fyda ie,iqï

mdGud,dj, wvx.= fõ' tajd m%fhdackj;a jkuq;a"

m%udKj;a ke;' tu mdGud,d fyda tajdhska mqyqKq

lrkq ,nk ixLHdjka .ek uOH.; o;a; ke;'

Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,h 2009§ m%jD;a;s

ueÈß l<ukdlrK mdGud,d msßkuk úg

l¾udka;fhka b,aÆula ;snqK uq;a mqyqKqlrejka

úfoaYj,ska f.kajd .ekSug isÿ úh' tfyhska È.g

mj;ajdf.k hdu msßjeh wêl ld¾hhla úh'

fld<U úYajúoHd,fha ckudOH wxYh úiska

ckudOH ms<sn| mYapd;a Wmdê ämaf,daudjla

mj;ajdf. hkq ,efí' udOH úYaf,aIKh yd

udOH m¾fhaIK ms<sn| kHdh yd Ndú;dj

ms<sn| bf.kSug wjia:dj ,nd fok fuh

uOHu uÜgfï udOH l<ukdlrejka b,lal

lr .;a tlls'157

fuu wOHhkh i|yd iïuqL idlÉPdjg

Ndckh lrk ,o we;eï udOH jD;a;slhka

úiska fmkajd fokq ,enqfõ Y%S ,xldfõ udOH

iud.ïj, j¾;udkfha§ ;k;=re orK fndfyda

l<ukdlrejka udOH l<ukdlrKh iïnkaO

úfYaIs; mqyqKqùïj, wjYH;djla fkd olsk

njhs' thg fya;=j fndfyda fofkla mqj;a

ueÈß l<ukdlrK ixl,amh f;areï fkd

.ekSuhs' th udOH mßmd,kfhka yd jHdmdr

l<ukdlrKfhka fjkia lreKls'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( l¾udka;fha udOH l<ukdlrK Odß;d

ixj¾Okh lsÍu msKsi jD;a;Sh udOH

l<ukdlrejka n|jd .ekSug yd jeäÿr

mqyqKq lsÍug udOH iud.ï úiska

wdfhdack l< hq;=j ;sfí'

http://spc.cmb.ac.lk/?q=PG_Dip_MAinMass_Media

157

ud


4 03 mqyqKqj u`.ska

udOH jD;a;slhkag

m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd

ixj¾Okh ms<sn|

wjfndaOhla ,efí

iuia;hla f,i fndfyda ckudOHlrejkag

yd ixialdrljrekag m%cd;ka;%jdoh"

udkj ysñlï" wd¾:sl ixj¾Okh yd

¥IKh jeks ldrKd tlg ne£ we;s wdldrh

.ek wjfndaOhla fyda ixl,amSh meyeÈ,slula

ke;' tfiau" l%shdj,s yd md,k wdh;k Yla;su;a

lsÍfï§ udOH i;= N+ñldj .ek o wjfndaOhla

ke;' ^n,kak( ish¨ ckudOHlrejka oek .;

hq;= lreKq&

by; 4'1ys i|yka lrk ,o wdldrhg" rch" rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk yd wka;¾ rdcH ixúOdk úiska

ixúOdkh lrkq ,nk flá ld,Sk f;aud;aul

iïuka;%K yd jevuq¿ u`.ska fuu wjYH;dj

wduka;%Kh lrkq ,nkafka md¾Yaúlj h' Y%S

,xldfõ g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a jeks

lKavdhï rdcH md,k ldrKd iïnkaOfhka

udOH Odß;d f.dvke.Sfï ld¾hfhys ksu.akj

isáhs' ksoiqkla f,i f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï

whs;sh" .fõIKd;aul ckudOH jeks f;aud Tjqka

úiska wduka;%Kh lr ;sfí'

we;eï foaYmd,k n,fõ. tjeks udOH Odß;d

f.dvke.Sfï jevigyka ßiaiqfõ ke;' 2013-

14 jirj,§" ksoiqkla f,i" we;eï mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§ mqyqKq jevigyka wka;jd§kaf.a yd

fmd,sisfha ;¾ckhg ,la úh' g%dkaiafmarkais

bkag¾keIk,a wdh;kh úiska fou< yd

uqia,sï udOHlrejka fjkqfjka ixúOdkh

lrk ,o mqyqKq jevigyka ;=ka j;djla

wka;jd§ úfrdaO;dlrejkaf.a lvlmam,a

lsÍïj,g ,la úh' Tjqka fpdaokd lf<a fuu

jevuq¿ meje;ajqfKa ;%ia;jd§kag cd;Hka;r

úu¾Ykj,§ Y%S ,xldjg tfrysj idlals §u

i`oyd mqyqKq lsÍug njhs' cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r

ixúOdk úiska ckudOHlrejka mqyqKq lsÍu

i|yd mj;ajk ,o fjk;a mqyqKqùï o cd;sl

úfrdaë lghq;= f,i jerÈhg w¾:l:kh l<

wjia:d lsysmhla jd¾;d úh'158

isoaê wOHhkh( Y%S ,xldj yd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a

udkj ysñlï fldñiu ms<sn| udOHj, wvq

wjfndaOh

cd;Hka;r foaYmd,kh yd tu`.ska Y%S ,xldjg

;sfnk n,mEu ms<sn| wjfndaO lr .ekSfï yd

jd¾;d lsÍfï ,d Y%S ,xldfõ udOHj,g ;sfnk

Odß;d wvqlu i|yd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj

ysñlï fldñiu Y%S ,xldj iu. iïnkaO ùu

jd¾;d l< wdldrh ksoiqkls' 2014 ud¾;= udifha§

zY%S ,xldfõ ixys¢hdj" j.ùu yd udkj ysñlï

m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|ydZ iïu; lr .kakd ,o A A/HRC/25/1 fhdackdj wkqj tlai;a cd;Skaf.a

udkj ysñlï fldñiu úiska zW.;a mdvï yd

ixys¢hd fldñiu úiska wdjrKh lrk ,o ld,

mßÉfþoh ;=<§ Y%S ,xldfõ fomd¾Yajh úiska u

lrk ,o udkj ysñlï W,a,x>khka yd wdY%s;

wmrdO ms<sn| fpdaokd iïnkaOfhka úia;S¾K

mÍlaIKhla lsÍu i|yd;a" tjeks wmrdO

iïnkaOfhka uqla;sh ,eîu j<lajñka" j.ùu

Transparency International condemns repeated intimidation at investigative journalism workshop. 10 June 2014 http://www.transparency.org/news/pressrelease/arbitrary_disruption_of_transparency_international_sri_lankas_investigative

158


iy;sl lsÍug;a" tu wmrdO isÿ jQ fya;= ;yjqre

lr .ekSug;a" wod< úfYaI{hkaf.a wdOdr yd

úfYaI úêúOdk wkqj lghq;= lsÍug;aZ159 tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï flduidßiajrhdf.ka

b,a,d isák ,§'

fuu jru wkqj tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj

ysñlï flduidßiajrhd úiska ðkSjd mdol lr

.;a mÍlaIK iNdjla m;a lrk ,§' tys jd¾;d

fol tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï iNdfõ

30jk ieis jdrfha§ 2015 iema;eïn¾ 30od

ksl=;a lrk ,§'

• A/HRC/30/61: Y%S ,xldfõ ixys¢hdj" j.ùu

yd udkj ysñlï m%j¾Okh lsÍu - tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï flduidßiajrhdf.a

ld¾hd,fha jd¾;dj160

• A/HRC/30/CRP.2: tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj

ysñlï flduidßiajrhdf.a ld¾hd,fha

mÍlaIKh ms<sn| jd¾;dj161

2014 - 15 iufha§ fuu l%shdj,sh ms<sn| iunr

f,i jd¾;d lf<a Y%S ,dxlsl udOH w;f<diaila

muKs' tys ixlS¾K;d yd Y%S ,xldj tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a idudðl rgla f,i ksu.ak úh hq;=

wka;¾ rdcH l%shdj,sj, mámdá ms,sn| f;areï

.ekSug fndfyda udOH wdh;k wiu;a úh'

iajdëk úu¾Yk fou< vhiafmdardfõ /äl,a

fldgia úiska fufyhjkq ,nk nj we;efula

mejiQ y' ;j;a we;efula th ye£kajQfha ngysr

l=uka;%Khla f,ihs' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a yd tys

wkqnoaO wdh;kj,;a fjk;a nyq md¾Yaùh

jHQyhkaf.a;a uQ,sl mámdá ms<sn| mqj;a ueÈßj,

mej;s fuu wkjfndaOh fya;=fjka uyckhd

w;r jerÈ woyia yd ixl,am m%j¾Okh lrk

,§' ckudOHlrefjda fndfyda úg tjeks jeo.;a

yd ixfõ§ ldrKd ixo¾Nh .ek wjfndaOhlska

f;drj jd¾;d lr;s' tu`.ska uyck;dj w;r

wjq,a iy.;nj yd jerÈ wjfndaOhka úYd,

jYfhka we;s fõ' fï wkqj" Y%S ,xldfõ j;auka

foaYmd,k mßirh ;=< f.da,Sh iudcfha

j.lsjhq;= idudcslhl= f,i Y%S rch úiska

w;aika lr yd l%shd;aul lr ;sfnk .súiqï

wkqj ,xldfõ cd;Hka;r yd wka;¾ rdcH

iïnkaO;d yd j.lSï ms<sn| iEu mqj;a

ueÈßhl u Odß;dj j¾Okh lsÍu jeo.;a h'

udOHj, úYd, fldgila w;r me;sr mj;akd

wkdrlaIs; yd m%;sfrdaë ye`.Sï fya;=fjka

ixys¢hdj yd foaYmd,k m%;sixialrK id¾:l

lr .; fkd yels h'

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/OISL.aspx

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session30/Documents/A_HRC_30_61_ENG.docx

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session30/Documents/A_HRC_30_CRP_2.docx

159 161

160


Y%S ,xld uqia,sï udOH ixioh iu.

b,lal.; lKavdhï idlÉPdj ^2015

cqks 8&' thg udOH mqyqKqlre yd

WmfoaYl wóka yqfiaka" ix.ufha

iyldr NdKavd.dßl cdjâ uqkdj¾ yd

Wm iNdm;s ;yd uqidñ,a iyNd.s jQ y'

• wmf.a ckudOHlrejkag mqyqKqj yd

oekqu" l=i,;d yd wdpdrO¾u me;af;ka

Odß;d f.dvke.Su wjYH h' tfy;a"

fuh wyUq flá ld,Sk jevuq¿j,ska

isÿ jkafka ke;' wmg jvd úêu;a

mqyqKq m%fõYhla wjYH h' we;eï udOH

wdh;k yd ckudOHlrejka mqyqKqfõ

jákdlula fkd ols;s' tneúka wm

b,aÆu me;a; m%j¾Okh l< hq;= h'

• wm fldmuK uykais ù jev lrkafka

o hk ldrKh mfil ;sìh§"

we;eful=g wdl,amuh m%Yakhla ;sfí'

Tjqkag mqyqKqjla wjYH ke;s nj Tjqyq

is;;s' fuh fjkia l< hq;= h'

• ish mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a Odß;djka

f.dvke.Su yd mqj;am;a l,dfõ

m%ñ;s by< hdu iïnkaOfhka udOH

ysñlrejka ;=< leue;a;la ke;' ukao"

túg ckudOHlrejkag jeämqr uqo,a

f.ùug isÿ fõ'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( cd;Hka;r udOH ixj¾Ok ixúOdk

iu. tlaj ,dxlsl udOH iud.ï úiska

ckudOHlrejka i|yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh"

md,kh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| m%Yak yd

wka;¾ iïnkaO;d ms<sn| fhda.H mqyqKq

wjia:d ks¾udKh l< hq;= h' tajd ;=< Y%S

,xldj w;aika lr yd l%shd;aul lr we;s

cd;Hka;r udkj ysñlï yd udkqISh .súiqï

wkqj Y%S ,xldjg ;sfnk j.lSï ms<sn`o

;dlaIKsl fkdjk yd kS;suh fkdjk

wdjrK ms<sn`oj o wvx.= úh hq;= h'


ckudOH m%cd;ka;%jdofha jeo.;a

fldgils' m%cd;ka;%jdoh ms<sn|

fyd| mÍlaIdjla jkafka mqrjeis

iyNd.s;ajhhs' mqrjeis oekqj;aNdjh

u`.ska m%cd;dka;%sl iudchka f.dv

ke`.Sfï§ mqj;am;a l,dfõ yd udOHj,

N+ñldj ms<sn| udOH jD;a;slhka yd

Ndú;d lrkakka w;r we.ehSula we;s

fõ' udOHj, m%dudKsl iajNdjh wkqj

idlÉPd i|yd udj;a újr fõ' tu`.ska

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,

m%cd;dka;%sl w;aoelSu .eUqre lsÍug

udOHj,g yelsfõ'

ckudOH wOHdmkh úiska m%cd;ka;%-

jdofha uQ,sl o¾Yl ms<sn| .eUqre

wjfndaOhla we;s l< hq;=j we;s nj

hqfkiaflda úiska wjOdrKh lr ;sfí'

ishÆ ckudOHfõ§ka my; i|yka ixl,am

wjfndaO lr .; hq;= h'

• uyck iaffjÍNdjh( ishÆ kS;Hdkql+,

n,hka wjidkfha§ r|d mj;skafka

ck;dj u;

• fmdÿ hym;( foaYmd,k m%cdfõ

tla fldgil wNs,dIhka wfkla

iEu ckudOHfõÈhl= uo; hq;= foa

fldgiaj, wNs,dIhka hgm;a jk mßÈ

m%j¾Okh lsÍu fjkqjg foaYmd,k

m%cdjg fhda.H foh iuia;hla f,i

m%j¾Okh lsÍu

• wdKavql%u jHjia:djdoh( n,d;aul

l< yels ,sÅ; yd w,sÅ; jHjia:djla

u`.ska rch n,.ekaùu yd iSud lsÍu'

jHjia:djdohg kS;sfha wdêm;Hh ms<sn|

woyi o we;=<;a fõ' jHjia:djdoh úiska

kS;sh jHjia:dj iu. fkd .e<fma kï

th w;d¾lsl jk njg we;s uQ,O¾uhg

o .re lrkq ,efí'

• iudkd;au;dj( iudcfha mqoa.,hl=g

iudk f,i ie,l=ï ,eîug we;s whs;sh

• nyq;r md,kh $ iq¿;r whs;sjdislï(

iq¿;r m%cdfõ idudðlhkag nyq;r

m%cdj yd iudkj jrm%ido fuka u

.egÆ o ord .ekSug ;sfnk whs;sh iSud

lrk nyq;r md,kfha ysñlï

• hqla;sh yd idOdrK;ajh( jrm%ido yd

.egÆ ms<sn| rcfha ;SrK úfYaIs;

lKavdhïj,g jdisodhl jk tajd fkd

úh hq;= h' idOdrK ;;a;ajhka fyda

uxcqidj

17


uQ,sl idOdrK;ajh mrdj¾;kh jk

mámdá Tiafia fuu l%shdud¾. bÈßhg

f.k hd hq;= h'

• mqrjeishkaf.a foaYmd,k ysñlï(

m%ldYkfha yd udOHj, ksoyi"

ixúOdkh ùfï" /iaùfï" fm<md,s

hdfï" fm;aiï bÈßm;a lsÍfï ysñlfu

iy újD;" ksoyia" idOdrK" kshñ;

l,g mj;ajk ue;sjrKj,§ Pkaoh

§fï jeks foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï

iïnkaOfhka rch md,kh lrk yd

j.lSug ,la lrk wêldrh'

• iajdëk wêlrKh( kS;sh

úksYapfha Wmßu ks¾Kdhlh f,i

i,lñka idOdrK mokulska

;Skaÿ imhk wêlrK moaO;sh'

ta wkqj" wêlrK moaO;sh fjk;a

rdcH ksfhdað;dh;khlska" iudc

ixúOdkhlska fyda ¥Is; n,mEulska

iajdëkj l%shd;aul úh hq;= h'

• yuqodj yd fmd,sish isú,ajeishkaf.a

md,khg ,la ùu( yuqodj yd fmd,sish

isú,a mqrjeishkaf.a n,dêldrfha

md,khg ,la úh hq;= h'

• foaYmd,k ;r.ldß;ajh( úúO foaYmd,k

mlaI yd ixúê; lKavdhïj,g n,h

fjkqfjka ;r. lsÍug yd iudchg

n,mEï lsÍug yels úh hq;= h'

• foaYmd,k yd iudc nyqúO;ajh(

iudcfha wNs,dIhka yd woyia fjkqfjka

nyqúO" úl,am f;dr;=re yd m%ldYk

udOH ;sìh hq;= h'

• ìfhka ksoyi( msgqjy,a lsÍfuka"

NSIKfhka" ysxikfhka" rch úiska

fm!oa.,sl;ajh wdl%uKh lsÍfuka yd

n,y;aldr fyda widOdrK r|jd ;nd

.ekSfuka iqrlaId ù kS;sfha wdêm;Hfhka

wdrlaId ùfï ,d mqoa.,hkag yd

lKavdhïj,g ;sfnk ysñlu

uQ,dY%h( Civic education for media professionals: A training manual (UNESCO, 2009)http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/publications-and-communication-materials/publications/full-list/civic-education-for-media-professionals-a-training-manual/


wdpd¾h rx. l,kaiQßh hkq isxy,

yd bx.%Sis uqøs; udOH lafIa;%fha l%shd

lrk wfhls' Tyq Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a

wdh;kfha wOHlaI ckrd,a f,i o fiajh

lrhs' Tyq 2015 fmnrjdß ui u;jdo

l;=jelshla ,shñka fufia mejiS h(

zzbx.%Sis udOH fuka fkdj" isxy, yd

fou< udOH" rcfha fõjd" fm!oa.,sl

fõjd" wNsfhda. /ilg uqyqK fo;s'

tajd m%Odk m%j¾. follg j¾. l<

yels h' tkï jD;a;Sh yd ysñldß;aj

.egÆ f,ihs'

uf.a wdpd¾h Wmdê m¾fhaIKh m%Odk

jYfhka u lrkq ,enqfõ isxy, yd

fou< uqøs; udOH ms<sn|jhs' ÿ¾j,

jD;a;Sh ;;a;ajh isxy, yd fou< mqj;a

ueÈßj, wdfõKsl ;;a;ajhla nj o

th ckjd¾.sl .egqu wdrïN ùug

fmr mjd mej;s nj o fmkajd fokakg

uu W;aidy lf<ñ' jd¾;d lrk

wdlD;sh tla uQ,dY%hlska Tíng hkafka

l,d;=rlsks' mriamr oelau /f.k

tñka Yla;su;a úYaf,aIKd;aul yd

ckudOHfõ§ l=i,;d ish jd¾;d ;=<g

f.k taug wiu;a ù ;sfí'

tu`.ska Tjqyq meyeÈ,sj u ckudOHfõofha

wdpdrOd¾ñl mokï W,a,x>kh lr;s'

jd¾.sl jYfhka úúO;ajhla ke;s

fome;af;a u mqj;a ueÈß úiska iudch

jd¾.sl f¾Ldjka u; fome;a;g fn§u

;Sj% lr ;sfí' fuu m%mxph úiska

udOH ;ukaf.a .%dylhka oek .; hq;=

foaj,g jvd Tjqka oek .kakg ´kE

hhs ;uka is;k foa jd¾;d lsÍug

fm<ö ;sfí' fuu m%jK;dj hqoaOfhka

miqj o tfia u mj;S'

úldY udOHj,g uqøs; udOHj,g idfmalaIj

lsishï jdishla ;sfí' th iïmQ¾Kfhka

u jD;a;sl m%ñ;Skaf.ka hqla; njla

thska woyia jkafka ke;' tfy;a"

jd¾;djl flá ld,Sk iajrEmh ksid

Tjqkag lsishï ÿrlg jD;a;Sh m%ñ;Ska

mj;ajd .ekSug yels ù ;sfí'

fuu ixo¾Nh ;=< isxy, yd fou<

mqj;am;aj,g kj wjia:djka Ndú;d

isxy, yd fou< udOHj, jD;a;Sh ;;a;ajh kexùu

uxcqidj

18

wd


lsÍug jD;a;Sh Odß;dj ke;s ùu o"

Yla;su;a" .eUqre úYaf,aIK mdGlhkag

iemhSug fkd yels ùu o meyeÈ,sj

oelsh yels h' tu`.ska ;ju;a ffoksl

isÿùï tla uQ,dY%hla u; mokïj

jd¾;d lsÍu yd f;dr;=re ms<sn|

oekqj;a iudchlg ms¿Kq jQ jd¾;d

iemhSu o È.g u lrf.k hkq ,efí'

fuu`.ska ckudOH yd foaYmd,k yd

iudc l%shdldß;ajh w;r ;=kS lvbu

fnd| ù hk w;r jD;a;slNdjh blaujd

hñka foaYfma%ñ;ajh biau;= fõ' we;eï

úg" fuu iqúfYaI ;¾lkh bx.%Sis

ckudOHfõofha we;eï wxYj,g o

wod< fõ'

tfy;a fuu ;;a;ajh Y%S ,xldjg muKla

iqúfYaI tlla fkd fõ' TkEu

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgl foaYSh

NdId udOH fujeks h' úfYaIfhka

u jD;a;Sh ;;a;ajhka iïnkaOfhka

miqìu thhs' bkaÈhdfõ§ fuh fndfyda

úg cd;sljdoh jk w;r mlsia;dkfha§

/äl,ajdoh jD;a;slNdjh wNsNjhs'

fuu ;;a;ajh miqìfï ;sfnk fya;=

lSmhla jkafka f,dalhg ksrdjrKh

ùfï wvqj" NdIduh ndOl" .=Kd;aul

udkj iïm;a wdl¾Ykh fkd jk

ÿ¾j, jev ;;a;ajhka wdÈh fï

miqmi ;sfnk fya;= lSmhls' iud.ï

ysñldß;ajh úiska fuu ÿn,lï ish

wd¾:sl" foaYmd,k yd fjk;a wruqKq

idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd Ndú;d

lrkq ,efí'

wmg isxy, yd fou< udOHj, jD;a;Sh

m%ñ;sfha iqiudo¾YSh fjkila

wjYH h' uqøs; udOHhkays muKla

fkdj fjk;a wxYj, o th wjYH

h' mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a;a udOH

fodrgqmd,lhkaf.a;a Odß;d

f.dvke.Su b;d jeo.;a h' ta yd

iudka;rj" rgg ld¾hlaIu yd m%;sM,

we;s l< yels kshduk hdka;%Khla

wjYH h' tu`.ska jD;a;Sh m%ñ;Ska

l%shd;aul lsÍu ;yjqre l< yels h'ZZ

uQ,dY%h( Daily Mirror, 27 February 2015http://www.dailymirror.lk/64923/pm-ranil-kick-starts-focus-on-media-protocol


Y%jH oDIH mqyqKq

ieisjdrhla

PdhdrEmh( n¾g%ï

ksyd,a wkq.%yfhks

rEmjdyskS jevigyka

bÈßm;alrkakka i|yd

udkisl yd YdÍßl

mqyqKqj ,ndfok

lafIa;% ieishla

PdhdrEmh( YS% ,xld

rEmjdyskS ixia:dj

s t


.=jkaúÿ,s jevigyka

ksIamdokh ms<sn|

mqyqKqj" hdmkh

- MRTCPdhdrEmh : Media Helping Media

.=jkaúÿ,s iïuqL

idlÉPd meje;aùfï

mqyqKqj

s t


udOH Ndú;h ms<sn| jD;a;Sh mdGud,d ;sîu

wdzzksrjoHNdjh" wmlaImd;s;ajh yd

j.lSïiy.;nj hk cd;Hka;r udOH

m%ñ;sj,ska f;dr ùu Y%S ,xldfõ udOH

l¾udka;fha m%Odk ,laIKhls' fuhg Rcq

fya;=j Y%S ,xldfõ ckudOH wOHdmkfha

;;a;ajh fyda tys wvqmdvq hhs lshkq ,efí'

j¾;udkh jk úg ckudOH wmf.a iudcfha

fldgila ù we;s ;ru wkqj fyd¢ka jHqy.;

lrk ,o ckudOH wOHdmkhla wka lsisÿ

l,lg;a jvd wog jeo.;a h'ZZ

wdpd¾h m%§ma tka' ùrisxy"

udOH wOHhkh ms<sn| fcHIaG l:sldpd¾h"

wxYdêm;s" ckudOH wxYh"

fld<U úYajúoHd,h

zzisú,a hqoaOh yd jd¾.sl m%cdjka fome;a;g

fn§u yd jir .Kkdjl isú,a hqoaOfha

;=jd, le<e,a ;ju;a rfgys mj;sk

ixo¾Nhla ;=< mqj;am;a l,dfõ N+ñldj b;d

jeo.;a' udOH úiska rcfha ld¾hhka fuka

u tys wid¾:l;ajhka o fmkajd Èh hq;=j

;sfí' YsIHhkag" mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag yd

úfYaIfhka u isú,a iudchg u. fmkaùï l<

hq;= h' fuu wruqK idlaId;a lr .ekSfï§

udOH wOHdmkhg jeo.;a N+ñldjla ;sfí'ZZ

wdpd¾h tia' r>qrdï"

mSGdêm;s" ikaksfõok yd jHdmdr wOHhk

mSGh"

kef.kysr úYajúoHd,fha ;%sl=Kdu,h

uKavmh


zzY%S ,xldfõ foaYmd,k w¾nqoh u`.ska

udOH wOHdmkh ms<sn| l;sldjg

oejeka; ixo¾NSh n,mEula lr ;sfí' Y%S

,xldfõ m%;sixialrK isÿ lrkakkag

w;am;a lr .; yels kS;suh yd

wdh;ksl wjldYhkaf.a ne?reï iSud

;sfí' wjOdrKh lrkq ,nk fndfyda

ldrKd ;=< È.= ld,Sk wOHdmksl

m%;sixialrKj,ska muKla wduka;%Kh l<

yels me;slv ;sfí' ksoiqkla f,i" ia;%S

mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn| ldrKd me;af;ka

jD;a;sfha olakg ,efnk wixfõÈ;ajh fyda

jd¾.sl;ajh iïnkaOfhka olakg ,efnk

mlaImd;s;ajhka tla /hska mßj¾;kh l<

fkd yels h' iuld,Sk udOH uq,msreï

u`.ska y÷kdf.k we;s wdldrhg tjeks

uQ,Od¾ñl wNsfhda. wduka;%Kh l<

yelafla wkd.; udOH jD;a;slhka yd

mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka yev.iajk mx;s

ldurfhka muKs'ZZ

lsYd,s msxfgda chj¾Ok yd

f.ydka .=K;s,l"

Embattled Media: Democracy, Governance and Reform in Sri Lanka (Sage Publications, 2015)

4 04 isiqka i|yd

mq¿,a mrdihl

wOHhk mdGud,d ;sfí

1973 isg u ;D;Shl uÜgfï§ ck

ikaksfõokh W.kajkq ,efí' Y%S ,xldfõ

m<uq ckikaksfõok Wmdê mdGud,dj Èh;a

lrkq ,enqfõ le,ksh úYaj úoHd,h úisks'

j¾;udkh jk úg fndfyda mQ¾K ld,Sk yd

w¾O ld,Sk mdGud,d ;sfí' tfy;a fuu we;eï

mdGud,dj, .=Kd;aulNdjh yd l¾udka;

wod<;ajh ms<sn`o .eg¨ we;' úYajúoHd, úiska

fufyhjkq ,nk mdGud,d iïnkaOfhka o tu

.egÆj u ;sfí'

rcfha úYaj úoHd, lSmhla úiska u Wmdê

yd mYapd;a Wmdê uÜgfï mqj;am;a l,d"

ckikaksfõok yd ckudOH mdGud,d msßkukq

,efí' ämaf,daud yd iy;slm;a mdGud,d o

;sfí' tjeks mdGud,d msrskuk rcfha Wiia

wOHdmk wdh;kj, my; ,ehsia;=j ilid

;sfnkafka ksYaÑ; ms<sfj,lska f;drj nj o

lreKdfjka i,lkak'

- le,ksh úYajúoHd,fha ckikaksfõok

wOHhk wxYh

- fld<U úYajúoHd,fha l,d mSGfha ckudOH

tallh

- fld<U úYajúoHd,fha Y%Smd,s uKavmfha

ckudOH wOHhk wxYh

- Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,fha isxy, yd ck

ikaksfõok wOHhk wxYh

- újD; úYajúoHd,fha iudc wOHhk mSGh

- inr.uqj úYajúoHd,fha NdId wOHhk wxYh

- hdmkh úYaj úoHd,fha l,d mSGfha jd.a úoHd


wOHhk wxYh

- kef.kysr úYajúoHd,fha ;%sl=Kdu,h

uKavmfha NdId yd ikaksfõok wOHhk wxYh

- w.aksÈ. úYajúoHd,fha iudc úoHd wOHhk

wxYh

- rcrg úYajúoHd,fha udkj úoHd wOHhk

wxYh

tu úYaj úoHd, úiska isiqkag fkdñf<a

msßkukq ,nk Wmdê mdGud,d fjkqfjka úhoï

orkq ,nkafka nÿ f.jk ck;dj úisks' mYapd;a

Wmdê uÜgfï§ jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh wruqKq lr

.ksñka ish .Kka isiqfjda tajdg nef`o;s'

fndfyda wOHdmk mdGud,d iïnkaOfhka oelsh

yels jkafka fm!oa.,sl wjYH;d yd udOH

l¾udka;fha h:d¾:hka iïnkaOfhka wm%udKj;a

wdjrKhls' ta fjkqjg úYajúoHd, úiska

wjOdrKh lrkq ,nkafka ckikaksfõok kHdh

b.ekaùuhs' th jeämqr wod< jkafka iudÔh

úoHdjkaghs' tu mqyqKqùïj,ska isiqka ;=<

ckudOH i|yd wjYH uQ,sl l=i,;d f.dv kef.

kafka ke;'

w;S;fha§ fufia kHdhg jeä wjOdkhla fhduq

lrkq ,enqfõ m%dfhda.sl b.ekaùu i|yd myiqlï

wvq ùu ksidh' th úfYaIfhka u Y%jH oDIH

wka;¾.;hka ksIamdokh lsÍug wod< úh' tfy;a

uE; ld,fhaoS úYaj úoHd, lSmhl äðg,a udOH

ueÈß msysgqjd ;sfí'

fujeks fkd .e,mSula mej;Sug fya;= jkafka

ixl,amSh fjkialï h' jH;sf¾lhka fol

;=kla iïnkaOfhka yer fuu úIhhka

W.kajk fndfyda úYajúoHd, wdpd¾hjrekag

udOH l¾udka;fha jD;a;Sh w;a±lSï fkdue;'

;j;a iSudjla jkafka fndfyda úYajúoHd,

mdGud,d úiska wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka

ckikaksfõokhg ñi ckudOHg fkd ùuhs'

úYajúoHd,hkays ckudOH wOHhk wxYj,

ckudOH ms<sn| m%udKj;a wOHdmkhla fkd,enQ

iy ckudOH wdh;khkays jD;a;Sh w;a±lSï

fkdue;s wdpd¾hjre o ckudOH úIh b.ekaùfï

fh§ isá;s'

fuys§ olakg ,efnk ;j;a jeo.;a ldrKhla

jkafka udOH l¾udka;fha È.= ld,Sk w;aoelSï

we;s fndfyda ckudOHfõ§kag úY%du .ekSfuka

miqj fyda úYajúoHd, wdpd¾hjreka f,i

mQ¾Kld,Sk fyda ;djld,sl mokñka fiajfha

fh§ug wjYH ks, iqÿiqlï yd wOHdmk l=i,;d

fkdue;s ùuhs' úYajúoHd, n,OdÍka úiska

fndfyda úg b,a,d isákafka by< Wmdê h' fï

fya;=fjka úYajúoHd, yd udOH wdh;k w;r

mr;rh mq¿,a ù ;sfí'

2012§ lsYd,s mskafgda chj¾Ok yd f.ydka

.=K;s,l úiska Y%S ,xldfõ ;D;Shl uÜgfï

ckudOH yd ckikaksfõok wOHdmk úIhud,d

.ek wOHhkhla lrk ,§' Tjqkaf.a jd¾;dfõ

Tjqyq fufia ,shQ y' zW.kajkq ,nk foh yd


Media Education: A Curricular Review, by Kishali Pinto-Jayawardena and Gehan Gunatilleke, in Embattled Media: Democracy, Governance and Reform in Sri Lanka (Sage Publications, 2015), pp 245-266

162

udOH lafIa;%fha l%shd;aul jk foh w;r mq¿,a

mr;rh fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldfõ udOH wOHdmkh

ÿ¾j, njg ks, woyila ;sfí' udOH mqyqKqùï

úiska wdpdr O¾u" uQ,O¾u yd jD;a;Sh ix.%y

wkq.ukh lsÍu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l<

hq;= njg ksjerÈj wjfndaO lrf.k ;sfí'

tfy;a" ckudOHlrejkag fyd¢ka fiajd

imhk wdh;kj,ska msßkukq ,nk mqyqKqj, o

wdpdrOd¾ñl m%ñ;sj,g m%uqL;dj §u me;af;ka

mqyqKqj iemfhkafka u| jYfhka njg mq¿,a

tl`.;ajhla ;sfí'Z162

fuu mr;rhg fya;= lSmhla ;sfí' tajd kï(

• ckudOHúIhms<sn|iqÿiqlï,;a

úYajúoHd, wdpd¾hjreka ys`.lu

^úfYaIfhka u mqj;a ueÈß iy ckudOH

l¾udka;fha w;aoelSï we;s wh u|lu&

• úYajúoHd,j,w;sYhh,amek.shúIhud,d

^mj;sk ;;a;ajhkag wjqreoaola folla fyda

bÈßfhka isàu fjkqjg fuu fndfyda

úIhud,d we;af;a mrïmrdjla fyda folla

miqmisks'&

• udOHl¾udka;hydúYajúoHd,

wOHhk wdh;k w;r kshu iïnkaOhla

ke;slu ^thg fya;=j úh yelafla ,dxlsl

úYajúoHd,j, .;dkq.;sl;ajhhs'&


ckudOH wOHdmksl mdGud,d ;lafiare lsÍu

my; i|yka ks¾kdhl u; Y%S ,xldfõ

Wiia wOHdmksl wdh;kj, ckudOH

wOHdmkh ;lafiare l< yels h'

• úIh ud,d yd tajd m%Odk ksmqK;dj,g

yd ckudOHhkays u;= fjñka ;sfnk

wjYH;djkag wod< ùu ^hqfkiafldafõ

wdo¾Y úIhud,dfõ i|yka m%Odk wlaI

;=k u; mokïj&

• b.eka ùï Odß;d( .=rejre oekqu" Odß;dj

yd ckudOH m%cdj w;r ms<s.ekSu we;s wh

o hk ldrKh

• wdh;khg ;sfnk ndysr in|;d" uyck

ms<s.ekSu yd udOH l¾udka;h úiska ms<s

.ekSu

• mdGud,dj,ska Wmdê ,nd .kakd isiqkag

/lshd ,nd .; yels ùu ^Tjqkag /lshd

,efnkafka udOH l¾udka;fha o keoao hk

j.&

• b.ekaùug wu;r wdOdrl l%shdldrlï'

Wod( uyck újdo" mqj;am;a l,d újrK

i`.rd" l¾;D m%ldYk wdÈh

• mdGud,djkaf.a Ñria:dhSNdjh

• wkd.; ie,iqï

W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, udOH yd mqj;am;a

l,d wOHdmkh

Y%S ,xldfõ W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj,

m%dfoaYSh mdGlhkag fouf<ka fuka u bx.%Sis

niska o fiajd iemhSfï È.= ld,Sk mqj;am;a

l,d iïm%odhla ;sfí' tfy;a" fuu m<d;aj,

úYajúoHd,j, jHQy.; udOH wOHdmkh y÷kajd

ÿkafka fjk;a úYajúoHd,j,g jvd l,a miq ù h'

kef.kysr úYajúoHd,fha ;%sl=Kdu,h uKavmfha

ikaksfõok yd jHdmdr wOHhk mSGfha wêm;s

wdpd¾h tia' r.=rdï mjikafka È.= ld,Sk hqoaOfha

yd tys m%;sM,j, n,mEu thg fya;=j njhs'

wOHdmkh iuia;hla f,i u ì|jegqK w;r

m%dfoaYSh udOH l%shd;aul jQfha oeä mSvkhka ueo h'

ztajd f,dl= ,dN ,enqfõ ke;' ckudOH

wvqfjka jegqma f.jk wk;=reodhl jD;a;shla

úh' idudkHfhka fou< mjq,a úiska orejka

Èß .kajkq ,enqfõ wvqfjka wk;=reodhl yd

jvd fyd| jegqma ,eìh yels fjk;a jD;a;Sh

lafIa;%j,ghs' tfiau" rcfha /lshd wfmalaId

lsÍfï udkisl;ajh o Tjqka ckudOH wOHdmkh

flfrka ÿria lf<a h'Z

úoHd¾Òka w;ßka fuu úIhka W.ekaùu

i|yd .=rejreka fidhd .ekSfï w¾nqohlg

o W;=re kef.kysr úYajúoHd, uqyqK fohs'

wdpd¾h r.=rdï fufia o mjihs( zWmdê ke;s

uxcqidj

19


163 Media Education and the Tamil Community: A View from the North and the East, by S Raguram in Embattled Media: Democracy, Governance and Reform in Sri Lanka (Sage Publications, 2015), pp 267-280

udOH úYdrohka isák w;r Tjqyq m%dfoaYShj

fiajh lsÍug o leue;a;la olaj;s' tfy;a"

mßmd,kuh ndOl ksid Tjqkaf.a fiajh ,nd

.; fkd yels h' wm%udKj;a jegqma jHQyhka

jD;a;Sh udOH lafIa;%fhka .=rejreka n|jd

.ekSug ndOdjls' Wmdê yd m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï

w;r ;sfnk fuu úIu;dj ;=,kh lsÍug

úYajúoHd, wiu;a ù ;sfí'Z163

udOH wOHdmkh yd mqyqKqj ms<sn| hdmkh

úYajúoHd,fha .=rejrekaf.a oelau

zzhdmkh úYajúoHd,fha§ wms

.fõIKd;aul ckudOH W.kajkafkuq'

;j;a udOH ud;Dld o ;sfí' tfy;a" udOH

jD;a;slhkag .fõYKd;aul ckudOH

ms<sn| oekqu yd wjfndaOh u| njg

idlals ;sfí' fuu`.ska wjOdrKh jkafka

ckudOHlrejkag jD;a;Sh mqyqKqfõ

;sfnk wjYH;djhs' ish ld¾h uKav,j,

úfYaIs; l=i,;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu ms<sn|j

udOH wdh;k Wkkaÿjla olajkafka ke;'

fndfyda fofkla is;kafka .fõIKd;aul

ckudOH ;=< u.yeßh hq;= lror we;s

njhs' wmg fuu wdl,amh fjkia l< yels

kï udOH wka;¾.;fha lemS fmfkk

j¾Okhla oelsh yels jkq we;'

Y%S ,xldfõ W;=f¾ yd ol=fKa udOH

wdh;k w;r mq¿,a yqjudrejla yd

iyfhda.hla m%j¾Okh l< hq;= h' tjeks

iïnkaOlï m%udKj;a ke;' thg tla

fya;=jla jkafka NdId ndOlhs' tfy;a"

fm!oa.,sl uÜgfï yqjudre iEu l,l

u isÿ jk nj uu oksñ' wfma Wmdê

wfmalaIlhkag fld<U udOH ld¾hd,

n,kakg hkakg wjia:d o wms i,iajd

fokafkuq' tfy;a" tjeks iyfhda.hka

W;=f¾ yd ol=fKa ckudOHlrejka w;r

fm!oa.,sl yd jD;a;Sh uÜgfï iïnkaOlï

m%j¾Okh jk mßÈ mq¿,a yd wdh;k.;

lr .; hq;= h'ZZ

l:sldpd¾h lD;sld O¾urdcd iy

ndysr l:sldpd¾h

rEnka udßhïms,af,a msh;=ud


ks ¾ f oa Y ( Wiia wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úYajúoHd,

m%;smdok fldñIu yd fjk;a

md¾Yajlrejka iu. tlaj mqj;am;a l,dj"

ckudOH yd ckikaksfõokh yd iïnkaO

úIhud,d újrKh l< hq;=hs' tys wruqK

úh hq;af;a oekqu" iïm;a yd l=i,;d

w;r we;s mr;rh y÷kd .ekSuhs' tjeks

újrKhlska miqj fuu wdh;k úiska

úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh l%shdj,shlg msúish

hq;= h' tu`.ska ckudOH wOHdmkh nqoaêuh

wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK Èh yels yd udOH

lafIa;%fha yd iuia;hla f,i iudcfha

wjYH;dj,g m%;spdr oelaúh hq;= h'

kj wOHdmk udÈ,s we;=<;a lr .; yels

mßÈ Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k yd udOH

mqyqKq uOHia:dk úiska ish mrdih

mq<,a l< hq;= h' thg Tka,hska fyj;a

wka;¾cd,h yryd yeoEßh yels mdGud,d

we;=<;a úh hq;= h' iïnkaO jk isiqkag

jeä kuHYS,s;ajhla ;sìh hq;= h' wkd.;

mqyqKqjg mß.Kl wdY%h lrf.k lrkq

,nk wOHdmkh o we;=<;a úh hq;= h'

úYajúoHd, yd udOH n,mEï lKavdhï

úiska ckudOH ms<sn| fm< fmd;a ud,djla

isxy, yd fou< NdIdj,ska ieliSu i|yd

tlaj jev l< hq;= h' cd;Hka;r jYfhka

ms<s .;a ckudOH fm< fmd;aj,ska wjYH

Wmqgd .ekSï isÿ lsÍu i,ld ne,sh yels

h' tu fm< fmd;a wka;¾cd, iajrEmh

o we;=¿j úúOdldrfhka mq¿,aj ,nd .;

yels úh hq;= h'

ckudOH wOHdmkfha yd mqyqKqfõ kshqla;

úYajúoHd, úiska mSG wdh;ksl ixj¾Okh

i|yd È.= ld,Sk oelaula wkqj lghq;= l<

hq;= h' ta i|yd jk Wmdhud¾. w;rg

fyd| ckudOH wOHdmkhla i|yd lS¾;shla

we;s úfoaY úYajúoHd,j, wOHdmk wjia:d"

ol=Kq wdishdkq yd fjk;a úYajúoHd, iu.

iyfhda.S m¾fhaIK jHdmD;s yd mqj;am;a

l,dfõ j;auka .egÆ iïnkaO l,dmSh

iïfï,k ixúOdkh lsÍu o fõ'

ckudOHfõoh yd $ fyda ck ikaksfõok

mdGud,d W.kajk úYajúoHd, úiska udOH

lafIa;%h iu. ;u iïnkaO;d Yla;su;a

lr .; hq;= h' tu`.ska l¾udka;fha

;sfnk m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSïj,ska

jdis w;am;a lr .; hq;= h' tu`.ska

l¾udka;hg o Yla;shla ,efí'


4 05 wOHdmk

mdGud,d úiska

isiqka m%cd;ka;%jd§

ixj¾Okh ms<sn|

l=i,;d yd oekqfuka

fmdaIKh lrkq ,efí

by; 4'4ys oelajQ mßÈ wOHdmksl mdGud,d

yd udOH l¾udka;fha m%dfhda.sl b,aÆu

w;r mr;rhla ;sfí' fuh m%cd;dka;%sl

ixj¾Okh yd iïnkaO oekqu yd l=i,;dj,g

o th wod< fõ' j;auka ckikaksfõok

úIhud,dfjka th m%udKj;a f,i wdjrKh

jkafka ke;'

ckikaksfõokfha fyda ckudOHfõofha fndfyda

wOHdmksl mdGud,d úiska isiqka m%udKj;a

mßÈ m%cd;dka;%sl ixj¾Okh ms<sn| oekqj;a

lrkq fkd ,efí' ta fjkqjg tu`.ska jeämqr

W.kajkq ,nkafka iudÔh úoHd úIh m:hg

jefgk kHdhhs' tjeks wOHdmkhla u`.ska

ckudOHfõofha uQ,sl ksmqK;d f.dv kef.

kafka ke;'

fndfyda úYajúoHd, yd fjk;a ;D;Shl uÜgfï

mdGud,d o udOHfha foaYmd,k wd¾:slh fyda

m%cd;dka;%sl md,kfha§ udOHj, N+ñldj

wduka;%Kh lsÍug wiu;a fjhs' we;eï

úYajúoHd, úIhud,dj, ;ju;a ;sfnkafka iS;,

hqo iufha woyia yd ixj¾Ok ikaksfõokh

ms<sn| kHdhhs' tu`.ska udOH ld¾hNdrh ir<

f,i w¾: ksrEmKh lrkq ,nkafka udOH

úiska rcfha ixj¾Ok lghq;= wúfõpkd;aulj

j¾Kkd l< hq;= njhs' tajd j;auka h:d¾:hkag

.e,fmk mßÈ hdj;ald,Sk lr ke;' ksoiqkla

f,i .fõYKd;aul ckudOH u`.ska rcfha

mdroDIHNdjh yd j.ùu ;yjqre lsÍu thg

we;=<;a jkafka ke;' j¾;udk ckudOHfõoh

jeämqr iudk jkafka ixj¾Okh úpdrhg

,la lsÍug ñi wkaO f,i ixj¾Ok lghq;=

m%j¾Okh lsÍug fkd fõ' tfy;a" Y%S ,dxlsl

úYajúoHd,j, b.ekaùïj,§ fuu ldrKh fkd

i,ld yer ;sfí'

mqj;am;a l,dj yd ckudOH ms<sn| úYajúoHd,

mdGud,dj, 2012 $ 2013 úIhud,d újrKh

lrñka lsYd,s mskafgda chj¾Ok yd f.ydka

.=K;s,l fufia ,sjQ y( zY%S ,xldfõ nqoaêu;a

wOHdmk jevrduqjla fkd ;sîu fya;=fjka ish

jD;a;shg n,mdk m%Odk ldrKd iu. rch iu.

ksu.ak ùu i|yd wkd.; mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a

yd udOHlrejkaf.a úNjhka ÿ¾j, lrkq ,efí'

fuu fkdmeje;au fya;=fjka wjidkfha§ wkd.;

m%;sixialrKj,g o n,mEula we;s fõ' tneúka

wOHdmk wdh;k úiska ish úIhud,dj,g

j;auka kS;suh yd wdh;ksl jHQyhka ms<sn|j

ne?reï wOHhkhla we;=<;a l< hq;= nj oeäj

ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' fuu nrm;, m%Yak ms<sn|

tjeks wjxl idlÉPdjla úiska ksielj u udOH

fiajlhka jvd ld¾hlaIu f,i m%;sixialrK

fjkqfjka jev lsÍug fmd<Ujkq we;'Z

mdGud,d tall yd mSG idudðlhka w;r fkd

.e,mSu ms<sn|j o Tjqyq idlÉPd l< y' zudOH

kS;s yd m%;sm;a;s ms<sn| wOHdmkfha ;;a;ajh

b;d ÿ¾j, h' m¾fhaIK lKavdhu úiska

inr.uqj" hdmkh yd ;%sl=Kdu,h úYajúoHd,j,


Media Education: A Curricular Review, by Kishali Pinto-Jayawardena and Gehan Gunatilleke, in Embattled Media: Democracy, Governance and Reform in Sri Lanka (Sage Publications, 2015), pp 245-266

164

lrk ,o iïuqL idlÉPd u`.ska yd udOH yd ck

ikaksfõok foaYlhka iu. lrk ,o idlÉPd

u`.ska fy<sorõ jQfha udOH kS;sh W.kajkq

,nkafka ks;s{hka fkd jk" tfiau udOH kS;sh

Ndú;dfõ§ wod< jk wdldrh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla

ke;s foaYlhka úiska njhs' tneúka th W.kajkq

,nkafka m%dfhda.sl fohla fkdjk f,ihs'Z164

Y%S ,xldfõ úYajúoHd,j, mqj;am;a l,d"

ck ikaksfõok fyda ckudOH úIhud,d

tajdfha ixl,amSh jevrduqj ;=< idl,H ke;'

;sfnk f;dr;=re wkqj" fï fol w;r ksfrda.S

iu;=,khla mj;ajd .ekSug W;aidyhla ord

;sfnkafka fld<U úYajúoHd,fha Y%Smd,s uKavmh

muKs' udOHj, m%cd;dka;%sl N=ñldj ysñlï

mdol jevrduqjla ;=< ia:dk.; lsÍug o

tu`.ska isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd § ;sfí' Tjqkaf.a

úIhud,dj o ;j ÿrg;a úêu;a yd hdj;ald,Sk

l< hq;= h'

hdmkh úYajúoHd,fha udOH m¾fhaIK yd

mqyqKq úoHd,h yer fjk;a lsisÿ úYajúoHd,hl

ks ¾ f oa Y ( úYajúoHd, cd;Hka;r udOH ixj¾Ok

ixúOdk iu. iyfhda.s;dfjka fhda.H

úIhud,d újrK isÿ l< hq;= h' isiqkag

m%cd;ka;%jdoh" yd ixj¾Okh w;r wka;¾

iïnkaOhka f;areï .ekSug bjy,a jk

fudähq, ixj¾Okh l< hq;= h' ixj¾Ok

ikaksfõok b.ekaùï ir< f,i rch

lrk ixj¾Ok lghq;= m%j¾Okh lsÍfuka

Tíng hd hq;= h' ixj¾Okfha m%;sM,j,ska

ck;djg we;s n,mEu .ek .eUqßka

újrKh l< hq;= h'

l¾udka;fha m%Odk wjYH;d jk .fõYKd;aul

ckudOH" mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a wdrlaIdj"

uqla;sh wdY%s; m%Yak yd .egqï ixfõ§ ckudOH

W.kajkq fkd ,efí' isiqka fuka u .=rejre o

ks;r u m%ldYkfha ksoyi yd f;dr;=re oek

.ekSfï whs;sh jeks uQ,sl ldrKd iïnkaOfhka

ixl,amSh wjfndaOfhka wvq h'


úIhud,dj ie,iqï l< hq;af;a

ckikaksfõok moaO;sh fyda lafIa;%h

fyda ;=< ckudOH flfia ia:dk.; jkafka

o hkak f;areï .ekSug jvd isiqka ckudOH

fj; fhduq lsÍu flfrys jeä wjOdkhla

fhduq lrñks' ckudOH wOHdmkh ms<sn| oeä

w¾:l:khla ;=<g uyck iïnkaO;d" oekaùï

l,dj fyda ikaksfõokfha fjk;a iajrEm

ms<sn| mdGud,d we;=<;a fkd úh hq;= h'

úYajúoHd,j, ckudOH wOHdmkh

idudkHfhka ixúOdkh lr ;sfnkafka úIh

ud,d wlaI fyda ixj¾Okhka ;=kla Tiafia h'

• O¾u;d" jákdlï" fuj,ï" m%ñ;s yd

ckudOH Ndú;djka wvx.= wlaIh

• ckudOHfha iudc" ixialD;sl" foaYmd,k"

wd¾:sl" kS;suh yd wdpdrOd¾ñl me;slv

wvx.= wlaIh

• f,dal oekqu yd ckudOHfõofha

nqoaêuh wNsfhda.j,g iQodkï ùfï

oekqñka imsß wlaIh

úIhud,dj ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOhla jkafka

ckudOH Ndú;dj nqoaêuh wNsfhda.hla

njhs' úfYaIfhka u" mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka

thg iq,n fkdjk f;dr;=re fõ.fhka

we;=<;a lsÍu yd wêldß;ajhlska hq;=j

th jd¾;d lsÍfï yelshdfjka hq;= ùu

wjYH fõ'

ckudOH wOHdmkfha úIhud,djla mqj;am;a

ckudOHfõofha moku f,i y÷kajk

tallj,ska iukaú; úh hq;= h' tajd ie,iqï

lr ;sfnkafka nqoaêuh yd jD;a;Sh l=i,;d

m%j¾Okh lrkakg h' fuu mokïj,g my;

i|yka lreKq wvx.= fõ'

• wjfndaO lr .ekSfï" úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï"

ixiaf,aIKh lsÍfï yd iq,n fkdjk øjH

blauKska yd fyd¢ka wfkla whg meyeÈ,s

l< yels mßÈ fyd¢ka ;lafiare lsÍu fuka

u idlaIs yd m¾fhaIK l%u ms<sn|j uQ,sl

wjfndaOh l=i,;d iïnkaO lr .ksñka

úpdrYS,Sj is;Sfï yelshdj

• úia;r lsÍfï yd úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï l%u

Ndú;d lrñka meyeÈ,sj ,sùfï yelshdj

• iajfoaYsl" l,dmSh" cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r

foaYmd,k" wd¾:sl" ixialD;sl" wd.ñl yd

iudc wdh;k yd ldrKd ms<sn| oekqu

• j¾;udk m%Yak yd ldrKd ms<sn| oekqu yd

b;sydih yd N+f.da,h ms<sn| idudkH oekqu

uQ,dY%h( Model Curricula for Journalism Education. UNESCO, 2007http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/publications-and-communication-materials/publications/full-list/model-curricula-for-journalism-education/

ckudOH l,d wOHdmkh i|yd mrudo¾YS úIhud,djla

BOX

21

uxcqidj

20


jD;a;Sh iñ;sj, yd ixúOdkj, meje;au

we4 06 udOH

fiajlhkag

jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,g ne£ug

yd ish whs;sjdislï

N=la;s ú£ug wjia:dj

;sfí

,xld wdKavql%u jHjia:dj úiska

ixúOdkh ùfï ysñlu ms<s.kq ,efí'

ixúê; lïlre ysñlï jHdmdrj,

b;sydih ishjila miqmig wefoa' iuia;hla

f,i .;a l," rfÜ rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYj,

Yla;su;a jD;a;Sh iñ;s ;sfí'

rchg wh;a uqøs; m%ldYk wdh;kh jk

f,alayjqiays fuka u úldY wdh;k jk Y%S ,xld

.=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj" Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS ixia:dj

yd iajdëk rEmjdysksh ;=<o jD;a;Sh iñ;s

l%shdldÍj mj;skq oelsh yels h' úúO foaYmd,k

mlaIj,g iïnkaO cd;sl uÜgfï jD;a;Sh

iñ;sj, YdLd o" wdh;kj,g iqúfYaI jD;a;Sh

iñ;s o fuu wdh;kj, we;'

tfy;a thg mriamrj" fndfyda fm!oa.,sl

udOH iud.ï jD;a;Sh iñ;s msysgqjkakg bv

fokafka ke;' §m jHdma; fyda l¾udka; mdol

jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,g ;u fiajlhka iyNd.s ùu o

j<lajkq ,efí'

iduldó jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdldrlïj, ksr; ùu

ksid udOH fiajlhkag yd mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag

/lshd wysñ lsÍu ms<sn| iúia;rj jd¾;d.;

lrk ,o /iaùï yd w;aika tl;= lsÍï jeks

isoaê ;sfí'

b,lal.; lKavdhï idlÉPdjl§ Y%S ,xld

jD;a;Sh mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a ix.ufha iNdm;s

YS%


jD;a;Sh iñ;s tÈßj l¾;D uKav,

ksoyi@

udOH wdh;khla jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,

mgq foaYmd,k kHdh m;%hlg yiqúh

yelsh' rchla fjkiajk iEu úglu

rdcH udOH wdh;k j, isÿjk foa

fmkajd fok fjßfÜ ßi¾É wdh;kfha

foaYmd,k úYaf,aIl iqñ;a pdñkao

uy;d fufia mjihs'

zzwdKavqj fjkia ù Èk lsysmhla

;=< f,ala yjqia wdh;kfha mßmd,k

OQrdj,sfha fjkialï .Kkdjla tys

jD;a;Sh iñ;sj, ueÈy;aùu hgf;a

isÿúh' ue;sjrK m%;sM, ksl=;a ù kj

mCIhla n,hg m;ajk njg ix{d

,enqK jydu tys jD;a;Sh iñ;sh úiska

tys l¾;Djre" mßmd,k fjkialr

;uka úiskau tu ;k;=rej,g kï

lr .kq ,eîh'ZZ

uQ,dY%h( isxy, udOHhkays oDIaÀjdoh

iy foaYmd,kh( n,h iy wr.,h'

iqñ;a pdñkao"

1 cQks 2011

http://divergences.be/spip.php?article2534&lang=fr

,ika; reyqKf.a fmkajd ÿkafka fufia h(

zwfma udOH iud.ï ;=< mßmd,k yd mqoa.,

l<ukdlrKhka fndfyduhla lrkafka

fkdks, jYfhka iïnkaO;d yd mlaImd;s;ajhka

wkqjhs' we;eï mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka fï .ek

;Dma;su;a' Tjqka jD;a;Sh iñ;s f,i ixúOdkh

ùfï wjYH;djla olskafka keye' tfy;a"

lafIa;%h jD;a;ShlrKh i|yd wmg tjeks

mßKduhla wjYH h'Z

zfndaâ Wiaidf.k hk" igka mdG lshk jD;a;Sh

iñ;s l%shdldß;ajfha isg udOH ysñlrejka

o we;=¿ ishÆ md¾Yajlrejka iu. idlÉPd

lrk jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdldß;ajhla fj; hdfï

wjYH;djZ Tyq wjOdrKh lf<a h' Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a wdh;kh fuu l%shdj,sh i|yd mokula

f,i Tyq y÷kd .;af;a h'

;j;a b,lal.; idlÉPdjl§ cd;sl m%dfoaYSh

udOHlrejkaf.a tluq;=fõ iNdm;s ldxpk l=udr

wdßhodi fufia mejiS h( zwms ixúOdkh ùug

wr., lrñka bkakjd' ks,Odß ;ka;%fha m%Yak

ksid wmf.a ixúOdkh ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu jir

;=kla ;siafia mud fjkjd' wmg wjYH jD;a;Sh

iñ;shla njg m;a jkakghs'Z

udOH lafIa;%fha jD;a;Sh iñ;s w;r ldka;d

iyNd.s;ajh wju h' iudc" ixialD;s fya;= u;

ckudOHfõÈkshka jD;a;Sh iñ;s lghq;=j,g

iyNd.s ùu iSñ; h'


Media and Gender in Sri Lanka: Part of the IFJ Media and Gender in Asia-Pacific Research Project. March 2015. http://www.ifj.org/fileadmin/images/Asia_Pacific/IFJ_AP/reports-etc/Gender_and_Media_in_Sri_Lanka

165

uE; ld,Sk wOHhk jd¾;djl fufia oelaúKs'

zjD;a;Sh iñ;s hkq ;u fiajlhka u; we;s

md,kh Èh lr yßk ueÈy;aldÍ n,fõ.

hla f,i f;areï .kakd l<ukdlrKh úiska

jerÈlrejka lsÍu fya;=fjka u jeä jeäfhka

ckudOHfõÈksfhda jD;a;Sh iñ;s iu. iïnkaO

jkakg ue,slula olaj;s' udOH wdh;kj, yd

jD;a;Sh jHqyj, o ldka;d idudðl;ajh iSñ;

ùfï m%jK;djla ;sfí' Tjqkaf.a ksfjiaj,

;ykï jpk folla we;s nj ckudOHfõÈksfhda

mji;s' tajd kï" ia;%Sjdoh yd jD;a;Sh

iñ;sjdohhs'Z165

Y%S ,xld jD;a;Sh m;% l,dfõ§kaf.a ix.uh uE;§

jD;a;Sh iñ;shla f,i ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,§'

tu`.ska tu ixúOdkhg jvd fyd¢ka

idudðlhkag fiajd iemhSfï wjia:dj ,efí'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( úkh l%shdud¾. .kq we;ehs ìh fkdue;sj

;uka leu;s jD;a;Sh iñ;shlg iïnkaO

ùug yd tys lghq;=j, fh§ug mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§ka yd fjk;a udOH i;= uQ,sl

udkj ysñlï yd jHjia:duh ysñlï ms<sn|

ish¨ udOH ixúOdk úiska y÷kdf.k .re

l< hq;= h'


4 07 jD;a;Sh iñ;s

yd jD;a;sl

ixúOdk úiska jD;a;sh

iïnkaO Wmfoia fokq

,efí

;u jD;a;Sh whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka

ckudOHfõ§ka yd udOH l¾udka;

fiajlhka tlai;a lrk jD;a;Sh iñ;s

yd jD;a;Sh ixúOdk lSmhla ;sfí'

tajd fufia h(

• Y%S ,xld jD;a;Sh m;% l,dfõ§kaf.a ix.uh

• ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh

• Y%S ,xld fou< udOH ikaOdkh

• hdmkh udOH iudch

• Y%S ,xld uqia,sï udOH ixioh

• udOH fiajl jD;a;Sh iñ;s iïfï,kh

• ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia udOH ix.ufha Y%S

,xld YdLdj

jeä jegqma" jrm%ido" fiajd ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|

ldrKd u;= lrkjdg wu;rj we;eï lKavdhï

úiska iuia; udOH l¾udka;hg u wod< jk

mq¿,a ldrKd iïnkaOfhka n,mEï lrkq ,efí'

udOH ksoyi wdrlaId lsÍu" ckudOHlrejkag

fyda udOh ixúOdkj,g t,a, lrk ,o m%ydr

yd ;¾ckj,g tfrysj úfrdaOh oelaùu yd udOH

m%;sixialrK b,a,d isàu o tajd w;r fõ'

2005 - 2014 oYlfha§ fuu ixúOdkj, we;eï

kdhlfhda n,mEï yd Woaf>daIK ksid fm!oa.,sl

wdrlaIdj iïnkaOfhka oeä wjodkïj,g uqyqK

ÿka y' Y%S ,xldfõ udOH ksoyi yd m%ldYkfha

ksoyi ì|jeàu cd;Hka;r udOH ysñlï

idlÉPdj, ia:djr ud;Dldjla jqfKa Tjqkaf.a

fkd miqniakd wr.,h ksid h' tfy;a" miq.sh

oYlfha§ m%Odk l%shdldßlhka lSmfofkl=g u

ráka msg ù hkakg isÿ ùu;a iu.u wdrlaIl

;¾ck fya;=fjka fndfyda udOH ixúOdkj,

úNj;djka Èh ù .sfha h'

2005 iema;eïn¾ 9 isg 11 olajd f;da,x.uqfõ§

meje;ajqKq iuia; ,xld ckudOHfõ§kaf.a

iïfï,kfha§ zm%cd;ka;%jd§ yd nyq;ajjd§ udOH

ixialD;shla yd Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka

yd udOH i|yd iudc yd jD;a;Sh ysñlï ms<sn|

m%{ma;shla iïu; lr .kakd ,§' fuh oeka

f;da,x.uqj m%ldYkh f,i m%lg h' tu`.ska" thg

iyNd.s jQ udOH ixúOdk tlaj fojirla we;=<;

ckudOHfõ§ka i|yd jk cd;sl fldx.%ihla

fjkqfjka fhdackdjla f.k tau i|yd cd;sl

udOH ikaOdkhla ks¾udKh lsÍug fhdackd

lrk ,§' cd;sl udOH uOHia:dkhla yd cd;sl

ckudOHfõ§kaf.a jD;a;Sh ix.uhla ks¾udKh

lsÍu i|yd we;s yelshdj wOHhkh lsÍu o thg

we;=<;a úh'Z166

oYlhlg miqj mjd th l%shd;aul ù ke;' tfy;a

th jákd jD;a;Sh wruqKla f,i ie,lsh yels h'

jD;a;Sh iñ;s yd udOH ixúOdk f;aud;aul

ldrKd iu. o jev lrhs' ksoiqkla f,i 2006§

udOH ixúOdk myla tlaj udOHj, yd mqj;am;a

l,dfõ ia;%S mqreI iudkd;au;dfõ m%{ma;shla

m%j¾Okh lrk ,§' th 2014 cq,s ui olKq

Tholangamuwa Charter. http://mediareformlanka.com/tholangamuwa-media-charter-2005

166


The War Against Media Rages on. The Sunday Times, 6 July 2008. http://www.sundaytimes.lk/080706/News/timesnews0019.html

167

wdishdkq udOH iyfhda.s;d cd,fha l,dmSh

m%{ma;shla f,i ms<s .kakd ,§'

udOH m%ldYk wdh;k yhl ikaOdkhla jk

Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;a iudch m%ldYlhkaf.a

uÜgfï§ mqj;am;a l,dfõ yd udOH ksoyfia

by< m%ñ;shla ms<sn| lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'

úoHq;a udOHj,g tjeks ikaikaokd;aul

l¾udka; ikaOdkhla ke;' jvd uE;§ Tjqka

ckudOHfõ§kag yd udOH iud.ïj,g we;s

;¾ck iïnkaOfhka jeämqr l;d lrkakg mgka

.;af;a h' m%Odk m%ydrj,§ ta ms<sn| idOdrK

mÍlaIK mj;ajkakehs b,a,d isákakg Tjqyq

fjk;a ixúOdk iu. tla jQ y'167

uE; ld,fha§ jvd ;reK ckudOHlrefjda

o ixúOdkh ù jeä jD;a;slNdjhla yd jvd

wdpdrOd¾ñl udOH fufyhqula fjkqfjka

n,mEï lsÍug mgka f.k ;sfí' Tjqyq ;reK

ckudOHfõ§kaf.a ix.uh kñka msßisÿ iafõÉPd

yd úma,ùh lKavdhula msysgqjdf.k ;sfí' Tjqka

úiska jvd iïm%odhsl yvj,g jvd úl,am y~la

úiska u;= lrkq ,efí' ;reK ckudOHfõ§kaf.a

ix.ufha idudðlfhda jeä jYfhka u Y%S ,xld

ckudOH úoHd,fha wdÈ isiqfjda fj;s'

ish¨ jD;a;Sh iñ;s yd fjk;a jD;a;Sh ix.ï

uqyqK fok WoafoaYkh ms<sn| iqúi,a u m%Yakhla

jkafka fndfyda ckudOHlrejka yd fjk;a

udOH fiajlhka jev lrkafka b;d wvq jegqmg

b;d whym;a Y%u ;;a;ajhka hgf;a h hk

h:d¾:hhs' fï fya;=fjka ¥IKhg;a jHdmdßlhka

yd foaYmd,lhka úiska udOH yiqrejd .ekSug;a

u. mdohs' i;H jd¾;d m< fkd lr isàu

yd fndre jd¾;d m< lsÍu o l< yels h'

ks¾udkd;aul uki we;s fndfyda fofkl=

wjidkfha§ fj<| m%pdrKhg fhduq fj;s'


157

Y%S ,xld jD;a;Sh m;% l,dfõ§kaf.a

ix.uh iu. b,lal.; lKavdhï

idlÉPdj ^2015 cqks 4&

iyNd.s jQfjda(

,ika; reyqKf.a" ^iNdm;s&

ldxpk udrisxy ^Wm iNdm;s&

Wmqgk

• wmg udOH ixúOdk yd ix.ï

;sfí' tfy;a wm úiska udOH

lafIa;% jD;a;Sh ix.uhla f.dvk.d

.; hq;= h' 2005§ wm úiska ilik

,o f;da,x.uqj m%ldYh f,i m%isoaO

m%cd;dka;%sl yd nyq;ajjd§ udOH

ixialD;shla iy Y%S ,xldfõ udOH

yd mqj;am;a l,dfõ iudc iy

jD;a;Sh ysñlï m%{ma;sfhys wms

fuh wjOdrKh lf<uq'

• fiajd fhdaclhkaf.ka krl

m%;sM,j,g uqyqK fkd § yd

/lshdj wysñ ùfï ;¾ckhlska

f;drj ckudOHlrejkag yd

fjk;a udOH fiajlhkag ;u

fiajd ia:dkj, jD;a;Sh iñ;s

yokakg yd $ fyda ;sfnk jD;a;Sh

iñ;sj,g iïnkaO jkakg ksoyi

;yjqre l< hq;= h'

• ish¨ ckudOHlrejka yd fjk;a

udOH fiajlhkag m;aùï ,sms wjYH

h' tfy;a" tmuKla iEfykafka

ke;' ysñlrejd yd fiajlhd w;r

n, ;=,kh iunr tlla fkd fõ'

fuu Ndú;dj l¾udka; lafIa;%h

mqrd u iq,n h' udOH wdh;k tfia

ùu .ek mqÿu úh hq;= o@

• fndfyda udOH ysñlrejka

j¾;udkh jk úg udOH

m%;sixialrKj, wjYH;dj

wjfndaO lrf.k we;s nj wms

okafkuq' udOH m%;sixialrK

id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd wmg

Tjqkaf.a iydh wjYH h'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( udOH iud.ï l<ukdldrjreka yd

ysñlrejka úiska ckudOHfõ§kaf.a yd

fjk;a udOH fiajlhkaf.a jegqma jHQyhka

újrKh lr jegqma jeä l< hq;= h' tu`.ska

l¾udka;hg olaI yd wemlemùfuka hq;=

fiajlhka wdl¾Ykh lr .; yels fõ'

jD;a;Sh iñ;s ;ukaf.a me;af;ka

udOH ysñlrejka yd l<ukdlrejka

iu. lrk iduldó idlÉPd Tiafia

;u fiajlhkaf.a ysñlï ;yjqre l<

hq;= h' foaYmd,k mlaI iu. iïnkaO

ùfï whs;shla jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,g ;sfí'

tfy;a tjeks taldnoaO ùï u`.ska

ckudOH jD;a;slNdjhg yd ixialdrl

iajdëk;ajhg ydks isÿ fkd úh hq;= h'

udOH iud.ï yd mSvk lKavdhï úiska

m%dfoaYSh ckudOHfõ§kaf.a jD;a;Sh m%ñ;s

by< kexùfï l%u ms<sn| úfYaIfhka

fidhd ne,sh hq;= h' tys fldgila f,i

Tjqkaf.a f.ùï" fjk;a jrm%ido yd

myiqlï jyd jeä ÈhqKq l< hq;= h'

tu`.ska Tjqkag yqÿ udOH ld¾hd,j,g

wuqøjH imhkakka fkd ù udOH m%cdfõ

mQ¾K idudðlhka úh yels h'


http://womenandmedia.org

See, for example, electoral integrity report on the Presidential Election in January 2015: http://www.tisrilanka.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/PPPR_2015_ENG_Final.pdf

168

isú,a iudc ixúOdk mej;Su

wE4 08 isú,a iudc

ixúOdk úiska

udOH úêu;a f,i

ksÍlaIKh lrkq ,efí

,xldfõ l,ska l,g isú,a iudc ixúOdk

úiska udOH wka;¾.;h yd wdjrKh

ms<sn| m%jK;d ksÍlaIKh lrkq oelsh

yels h'

fndfyda úg oelsh yels jkafka f;aud;aul yd

ldrKd mdol ksÍlaIKhka h' Wod(

• ldka;dj yd udOH iduQyslh lrk

wdldrhg ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh yd ldka;d

ysñlï oDIaá fldaKfhka udOH wdjrKh

;lafiare lsÍu168

• g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a lrk

wdldrhg ¥IKh yd md,kh iïnkaO

ud;Dld iïnkaOfhka udOH wdjrKh

ksßlaIKh lsÍu' Wod( ue;sjrK ld,j,§

udOH l%shdldß;ajh169

• cd;Hka;r ckudOHfõ§kaf.a iïfï,kh

jeks cd;Hka;r udOH cd," hqksfi*a jeks

wka;¾ rdcH ixúOdk fyda fiaõ o Ñ,arka

jeks cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

we;eï úg <uhska" udOH ksoyi fyda

udkj ysñlï jeks udOH wka;¾.;hka

úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

flfia fj;;a" udOH ysñldß;ajh ms<sn| ldrKd

iïnkaOfhka Ñria:dhS yd wLKav wkaoñka

úêu;a ksÍlaIK yd idlÉPd isÿ jkafka ke;'

169

YS%


http://www.veriteresearch.org/the-media-analysis.cfm

http://www.cmsindia.org/

http://www.thehoot.org/

171

fuys§ j¾;udkfha mj;sk wdikak u udOH

úYaf,aIKh jkafka fjßfg ßi¾É kï nqoaê

uKavmh úiska lrkq ,nk úYaf,aIKhhs' th

jkdys cd;sl m%Yak yd wod< l;sldjka ms<sn|

imhkq ,nk .eUqre úYaf,aIKhls' tu`.ska tys

odhlhkag foaYSh m%Yak ms<sn| .eUqre wjfndaOhla

,nd .ekSfï yd wkd.; foaYmd,k yd wd¾:sl

m%jK;d ms<sn| mqfrdal:kh lsÍfï wjia:dj

,efí' tu`.ska Tjqkag ish wkd.; lghq;= cd;sl

ixj¾Okhg wkql+,j Wmdhslj ie,iqï lsÍfï

yelshdj ,efí'170

ia:djrj udOH ksÍlaIKh lsÍu i|yd

iy uyck wNs,dIhka f,aLk.; lsÍu

i|yd m¾fhaIK jHQyhla fyda isú,a iudc

jHQyhla Y%S ,xldjg wjYH h' tajdfha

ksl=;a lsÍï bkaÈhdfõ udOH wOHhk i|yd

uOHia:dkfha171 fuka o;a; u; mokï jQ tajd

úh hq;= h' ke;skï bkaÈhdfõ udOH úpdr

fjí wvúhla jk o yQÜ172 ys fuka idlÉPd

mdol fyda n,mEï b,lal lr .;a tajd úh

hq;= h' tjeks m%h;akhkag Y%S ,xldfõ oekg

my< uÜgul ;sfnk udOH idlaIr;dj

kexúh yels h'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( Y%S ,xldfõ isú,a iudc ixúOdk" n,mEï

lKavdï yd úoaj;=ka m%Odk Odrdfõ

ckudOH iu. Tjqkaf.a iïnkaOh

Yla;su;a lr .; hq;= h' Tjqkaf.a

l%shdldß;ajhka ksÍlaIKh l< hq;= h'

fuh uÜgï lSmhl§ isÿ úh yels h'

tkï" wka;¾.;hka iemhSu" úoHq;a udOH

jevigykaj,g iyNd.s ùu" jD;a;Sh m%ñ;s

kexùu iïnkaOfhka l¾udka;hg Wmfoia

§u" ìï uÜgfï idlÉPd fõÈldjka we;s

lsÍu yd udOH wka;¾.;hka ksÍlaIKh

lsÍu jeks uÜgïj,§ th l< yels h'

170

172


http://www.cpalanka.org/freedom-of-expression-on-the-internet-in-sri-lanka/

http://www.cpalanka.org/liking-violence-a-study-of-hate-speech-on-facebook-in-sri-lanka/

http://www.cpalanka.org/saving-sunil-a-study-of-dangerous-speech-around-a-facebook-page-dedicated-to-sgt-sunil-rathnayake/

http://www.rightsnow.net/?page_id=4851

http://www.humanrights.asia/countries/sri-lanka

http://imadr.org/activity/srilanka/

http://www.jdslanka.org/index.php/2012-01-30-11-50-09

175

177

4 09 isú,a iudc

ixúOdk úiska

m%ldYkfha ksoyi

ms<sn| ldrKdj,§ Rcqj

n,mEï lrkq ,efí

OH whs;Ska iy udkj ysñlï

fjkqfjka fmkS isák ixúOdk woyia

m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi wdY%s; .eg¿

fjkqfjka Rcqj fukau udOH jD;a;Sh iñ;s iu.

tlaùo ueÈy;ajk wjia:d ;sfí'

ksoiqka jYfhka"

• úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh (CPA) ie,lsh hq;= m¾fhaIK yd úYaf,aIK

ixLHdjla lr ;sfí¡ ta Y%S ,xldfõ

wka;¾cd,hg ;sfnk mSvkh"173 iudc udOH

Ndú;d lrk iq¿;r m%cdjkag tfrys ffjÍ

l;d"174 cd;sl wka;jd§ fldgia iudc udOH

Ndú;d lrñka Nhdkl woyia me;srùu175

hk lreKq fõ¡

• m%cd;ka;%jdoh i`oyd jk iduQyslh

fuh ,dN fkd ,nk" wmCImd;S

ixúOdkhls¡ th kS;suh" YdÍßl yd äðg,a

wdrlaIdjka yd iïnkaO ;¾ckj,§ udOH

jD;a;slhkag ish Odß;djka j¾Okh lr

.ekSu i|yd odhl fjhs¡176

• wdishdkq udkj ysñlï fldñiu (AHRC)fydxfldx ys isg l%shd;aul jk fuu

ixúOdkh f.da,Sh lreKq flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrk w;ru Y%S ,xldfõ udkj ysñlï

iy woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi flfrys o

wjOdkh fhduq flf¾¡177

• fjkia j ie,lSu iy cd;sjdohg tfrys

cd;Hka;r jHdmdrh (IMADR) Y%S ,dxlslfhla iNdm;s OQrh ork cd;Hka;r

udkj ysñlï cd,hla jk fuh tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï ljqkais,h fj; Y%S

,xldfõ woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi iïnkaO

Tjqkaf.a ksÍCIK bÈßm;a lrhs'178

• Y%S ,xldfõ m%cd;ka;%jdoh i|yd

udOHfõÈfhda (JDS) Y%S ,xldfõ mej;s whym;a jd;djrKh

ksid ráka msgqjy,a ù isák f,aLlhka"

ckudOHfõ§ka iy udkj ysñlï l%shdldÍka

úiska fuu ixúOdkh msysgqjdf.k ;sfí'

2009 cQ,s udifha § msysgqjd .kq ,enQ

fuu ixúOdkh c¾uksfha n¾,Ska yS isg

wka;¾cd,h Tiafia Y%S ,xldfõ udkj ysñlï

iy woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi fjkqfjka

fmkS isà'179

óg wu;rj ksoyfia fõÈldj iy wka;¾ úYaj

úoHd, wdpd¾h iñ;s iïfï,kh (FUTA) woyia

m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi wdY%s; .eg¿ j,g ld,fhka

ld,hg ueÈy;a ù isà'

173

174

176

178

ud

179

176


http://fusion.lk180

ks ¾ f oa Y ( úoaj;=ka yd isú,a iudc lKavdhï úiska

udOH m¾fhaIK l%shdldrlïj, .eUqr

yd mq¿,alu jeä l< hq;= h' tys wruqK

jkafka udOH m%;sm;a;s yd Ndú;djka

wLKavj j¾Okh l< yels idlaIsuh

mokula iemhSuhs' fuu wOHhkj,g

úfYaIfhka ckudOH wOHhk úoaj;=ka

iïnkaO lr .; hq;= h'

4 10 isú,a iudc

ixúOdk úiska

m%cdjkag f;dr;=re fj;

m%fõYh yd Tjqkaf.a y~

wikakg i,iajkq ,efí

OH yd isú,a iudc wjldYh miq.sh

wdKavqj iufha ;snqKq rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk úfrdaOh fya;=fjka mSvkhg

,la úh' we;eï udOH úiska o tajd ú.%yhlska

f;drj jeä j¾Okh lrk ,§' m%Odk Odrdfõ

udOHj, tÈßjdÈ;ajh fya;=fjka we;eï isú,a iudc

ixúOdk yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ;ukaf.a u

úl,am ikaksfõok Wmdhud¾. ixj¾Okh lr

.ekSug mshjr .;a y' ksoiqkla f,i fjí mdol

fõÈldjka iudc udOH Ndú;h jeä lrk ,§'

m%Odk Odrdfõ udOH wdjrK yd ksu.ak ùï

ke;sj we;eï isú,a iudc ixúOdk f;dr;=re

;dlaIK idlaIr;dj úfYaIfhka u ìï uÜgfï§

m%j¾Okh lr;s' ksoiqkla f,i" Y%S ,xldfõ

úYd,;j ixj¾Ok ixúOdkh jk úiska

i¾fjdaoh *shqIka kñka fï fjkqfjka wemlem

jQ wkq wdh;khla ìys lf<a h'180

udOH idlaIr;dj j¾Okh lsÍu

udOH l%shd;aul jk wdldrh f;areï .ekSu

kùk f,dalfha ishÆ mqrjeishka i;= úh hq;=

l=i,;djla ù ;sfí' fuh udOH idlaIr;dj

kï fõ' ta jkdys udOH fj; m%fõY ùfï

yelshdj yd udOHj, úúO idOl yd wka;¾.;h

úfõpkd;aul ;lafiare lsÍfï yelshdjhs'

udOH idlaIr;dj jeo.;a jkafka udOH lafIa;%fha

/lshd lrkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkakkag muKla

ud


Census of Population and Housing 2012: Key Findings. Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. March 2015. http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/srilanka/?publications=12333

Developing Sri Lanka’s Media: The State’s Obligations. By Wijayananda Jayaweera. Colombo Telegraph, 29 January 2015. https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/developing-sri-lankan-media-the-states-obligations/

181

fkd fõ' udOH mßyrKh lrk ish¨ fokdg th

wod< fõ' th Yla;su;a m%cd;ka;%jdohla úIfhys

w;sYh jeo.;a h'

2012§ mj;ajk ,o wjika ix.Kkfha§

Y% S ,xldfõ iuia; jeäysá idlaIr;d

wkqmd;slh 95'7]la nj .Kkh lrk ,§'181

udOH idlaIr;dj .Kkh lsÍu i|yd

§m jHdma; iólaIKhla fkd mej;=K;a"

idudkH idlaIs wkqj udOH idlaIr;d uÜgu

b;d my;a h' jD;a;skhka yd úYajúoHd,

wOHdmkh ,enQ fjk;a jD;a;slhka yd udOH

idlaIr;dj mdi,aj, W.kajk wh w;r o

;;a;ajh tfia h'

udOH idlaIr;dj m%cd wOHdmk jHdmdrhla

njg m;a úh hq;= nj hqfkiaflda $ IPDC ysgmq

wOHlaI úchdkkao chùr mjihs' zudOHj,g

o udOH idlaIr;d jHdmdrfha fldgialrejka

úh yels h' tfy;a" udOH idlaIr;dj wOHdmk

l%ufha uQ,sl j.lSula fõ'Z182

i;sm;d udOH újrK jevigykla udOH Ndú;d

lrkakka w;r rEmjdysksfhka fyda .=jka

úÿ,sfhka úldYh lsÍu fhda.H hhs Tyq ksoiqkla

f,i fhdackd lrhs' úfYaI{hkag" isú,a iudc

ksfhdað;hkag yd m<mqreÿ mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kag

tjeks jevigykl§ ck;dj udOH yd mqj;a

wdpdr O¾u ms<sn| oekqj;a lsÍu i|yd tl;=

lsÍï isÿ l< yels h'

udOH idlaIr;dj hkq l=ula o@

ckudOH yd kj ;dlaIKhka m%.=Kkh ùu

u`.ska udkj ikaksfõok l%shdj,shg yd

yeisÍug ;SrKd;aul fjkialï isÿ lr ;sfí'

udOH idlaIr;dfjka b,lal lrkqfha

mqrjeishkag iïm%odhsl udOH yd kj

;dlaIKhka iu. ksu.ak ùu i|yd

mqrjeishkag wjYH oekqu" l=i,;d wdl,am

iemhSuhs' thg my; i|yka uQ,sldx. yd

bf.kqï m%;sM, wka;¾.; fõ'

• m%cd;dka;%sl iudcfha N+ñldj yd

l%shdldß;ajfha N+ñldj f;areï .ekSu

• udOHj,g ;u ld¾hh iïmQ¾K lsÍug

;sfnk ;;a;ajhka f;areï .ekSu

• udOH wka;¾.;h ne?reï wkaoñka

;lafiare lsÍu

• iajhx m%ldYkh yd m%cd;dka;%sl

iyNd.s;ajh fjkqfjka udOH iu. ksu.ak

ùu

Ndú;d lrkakka úiska ks¾udKh lrkq ,nk

wka;¾.;hka fjkqfjka wjYH f;dr;=re

;dlaIK l=i,;d we;=¿ l=i,;d újrKh

lsÍu

udOHhkaf.a .=Kd;aul udOH yd f;dr;=re

wka;¾.;hka yd iyNd.s;ajhka fj; o"

ikaksfõok cd,hka fj; o m%fõYh úYaj

udkj ysñlï m%{ma;sfha 19jk j.ka;sh

h:d¾:j;a lsÍu i|yd wjYH h'

uQ,dY%h( UNESCO website http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-development/media-literacy/

182

uxcqidj

21


tfy;a" È.= ld,Skj .;a l," oaú;Shl uÜgfï

mdi,aj, úêu;a udOH wOHdmkhla flfrys

wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu wjYH h' tu l%shdj,sh

2006§ wdrïN lrk ,o w;r w'fmd'i' idudkH

fm< yd Wiia fm< uÜgïj,§ ikaksfõokh yd

udOH wOHhkh úIh y÷kajd fok ,§' flfia

fj;;a" tjeks úIhud,d ixfYdaOkj, m%;sM,

ksÍlaIKh lr ;lafiare l< hq;=j ;sfí'

we;af;ka u" chùr fuu úIhud,dj ms<sn|

w;sYh úfõpkd;aul h' Tyq fufia mjihs( zth

oeä f,i ikaksfõokh fj; fhduq ù ;sfnk

w;r udOH wOHdmkh iu. iïnkaO jkafka

b;d wvqfjks'Z Tyq mjik wdldrhg fuu úIhg

§ ;sfnk ikaksfõokh yd udOH wOHhkh kï

kduh u udOH idlaIr;dfõ yd oaú;Shl uÜgfï

udOH wOHdmkfha wruqK ms<sn| wkjfndaOh

m%o¾Ykh lrhs' ^udOH wOHhkh úYajúoHd,

uÜgfï úIhla úh hq;= w;r th iudÔh úoHd

úIh m:hg jefgk ne?reï kHdh u; mokï

úh hq;= h'&

chùr fhdackd lrkafka mdi,a uÜgfï udOH

wOHdmkh ;=<§ jeä wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=

jkafka th b,aÆu me;af;a ixj¾Okhg fhduq

jk njg ie,ls,af,ka hq;=j njhs' wjidkfha§

th udOH ld¾hNdrh yd jd¾;dlrKfha

.=Kd;aulNdjh u; n,mEula we;s lrhs' th

mqrjeis wOHdmkfha w;HjYH fldgila jk w;r

il%sh mqrjeisNdjhla ks¾udKh lsÍug bjy,a fõ'

oaú;Shl uÜgfï udOH wOHdmkhla úiska isiqkag

my; ldrKd wjfndaO lr .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= h'

• m%cd;ka;%jdoh ;=< udOHj,g mejfrk

ld¾hNdrh

• udOH tu ld¾hNdrka bgq lrk fldkafoais

• tu ld¾hNdrhkag wkqj udOH jd¾;djla

;lafiare lsÍu

• úúO udOH fjkqfjka .%dylhkag u

wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh l< yels l=i,;d

• mqrjeishkag udOH iu. ksu.ak úh yels

wdldr

udOH idlaIr;dj kexùfuka Y%S ,xldfõ

m%cd;dka;%sl wvqj mshúh hq;= h' tkï

mqrjeishka n,uq¿ .ekaùfuka yd

iyNd.s;ajfhka mshúh hq;=j ;sfnk md,kh yd

foaYmd,kh w;r mr;rhhs'

udOH m¾fhaIlhka njg m;a jQ fcHaIaG úoHq;a

udOHfõ§ka fofofkl= jk ;s,la chr;ak yd

ir;a le,a,m; 2012§ Tjqka úiska ,shk ,o

f,aLkhl fuh fufia y÷kd .kakd ,§(

zfurg udOH wOHdmkh wjq,a iy.; nj wmf.a

woyihs' thg cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla ke;' th

l¾udka;fha we;eï wjYH;djkag ´kEjg jvd

fhduq ù ;sfí' rfÜ wjYH;djkag iuia;hla

f,i fhduq ù ke;' udOHj, .egÆ ms<sn| mq¿,a

m%pdrhla we;;a" tajd flfrys udOH ;=<§ mjd

m%udKj;a wjOdkhla fhduq jkafka ke;' ne¨


Putting the Citizen First: New Approaches to Media Literacy, by Tilak Jayaratne and Sarath Kellapotha, in Embattled Media: Democracy, Governance and Reform in Sri Lanka (Sage Publications, 2015), pp 281-293

183

ne,aug u rfÜ Bg jvd jeo.;a" yÈis wjOdkh

wjYH oefjk m%Yak we;ehs fmfka' tfy;a"

udOH idlaIr;dj fndfyda m%Yakj, fya;=j yd

M,h iu. iïnkaO nj lsisfjla tajd .eUqßka

wOHhkh lr neÆfjd;a fmfka' fï wre;ska .;a

l," udOH idlaIr;dj yqfola u udOH iïnkaO

whf.a yd wOHdmk{hkaf.a muKla m%Yakhla

fkd ù" udOH ksoyi fjkqfjka igka lrkakka"

udkj ysñlï l%shdldßlhka" kS;s jD;a;slhka"

isú,a iudch" wd.ñl kdhlhka" nqoaêu;=ka"

Ydia;%{hska yd fndfyda mqrjeishka wd§ mq¿,a

mrdihl md¾Yajlrejkaf.a úIhla úh hq;= h'

^wjOdrKh tl;= lr we;'&183

ks ¾ f oa Y ( wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska mdi,aj,

W.kajkq ,nk ikaksfõokh yd udOH

wOHhkh úIh ms<sn| ;lafiarejla l<

hq;= h' tys fidhd.ekSï u; mokïj"

úIhud,dj ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= h'

tys§ wkd.; mqrjeishkaf.a mqrjeis

wOHdmkfhys§ udOH idlaIr;dj wksjd¾h

wx.hla úh hq;= h'

rch" udOH l¾udka;h yd mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§kaf.a jD;a;Sh ixúOdk hk ish,a,

úiska ck;dj w;r udOH idlaIr;dj

m%j¾Okh l< hq;= h' tu`.ska m%Odk

Odrdfõ udOH wka;¾.;hka .eUqßka

újrKh lsÍfï yelshdj mqrjeishkag

,efnk w;r" udOH i|yd kj

wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh lsÍfï l=i,;d o

j¾Okh fõ'

ks, yd fkd ks, wOHdmkh yryd udOH

idlaIr;dj m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd rch

úiska cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla we;s l< hq;= h'

udOH idlaIr;dj Yla;su;a lsÍu iuia;

wOHdmksl wruqKla úh hq;= h'


wdpd¾h yßks wuriQßh

uyck l;sldjlg

iyNd.s fjñka

fla' ví' ckrxck

uyck l;sldjlg

iyNd.sfjñka

s t


mdi,a isiqkag

rEmjdyskS ueÈßhla

ksÍlaIKhg

wjia:djla

- PdhdrEm wkq.%yh

Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS

ixia:dj

tudOH wka;¾.;h

foaYmd,k{hskaf.a

wdêm;Hhg k;= ù

;sfnk whqre

- wjka; wdá.,f.a

ldgqkhla

úch mqj;am;a

s


m%j¾.h 4

m%ldYkfha ksoyi" nyqúONdjh yd úúO;ajh fjkqfjka fmkS isák wdh;kj, jD;a;Sh Odß;d f.dvke.Su yd tajdg Wmldr lsÍu


1' udOH l¾udka;fha wjYH;d yd mqyqKqj úiska imhkq ,nk

foa w;r fkd .e,mSu wOHhkh l< hq;= h' ta w;r;=r udOH

fuka u mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ mqyqKqj o úiska udOH wka;¾.;

ksIamdokh yd mdßfNdackh ;=< isÿ fjñka ;sfnk fõ.j;a

fjkialï ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= h' ta fjki iu. .kqfokq

lsÍug udOH jD;a;slhka yd l<ukdlrejka iQodkï l< hq;=

h' rch yd ixj¾Ok wdOdrlrejka uOH ld,Sk ^mia wjqreÿ&

uQf,damdhsl mqyqKq ie,eiaulg Wmldr l< hq;= h'

2' by< jD;a;slNdjhl yd udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh jákdlu

udOH wdh;k úiska y÷kd.; hq;= h' th udOH lafIa;%fha

ixj¾Okfha wNHka;r fldgils' tys wx.hla ' f,i udOH

iud.ï úiska wNHka;r mqyqKqj i|yd by< m%uqL;djla

Èh hq;= h' th yeu úg u wdh;kh ;=< u isÿ úh hq;=

ke;' tys§ ckudOH" ixialdrl yd l<ukdlrK úIhj,g

úfYaI;ajhla oelaúh hq;= h' Tjqka ta fjkqfjka wruqo,a

fjka l< hq;= w;r mqyqKq wjia:d yd YsIH;aj ms<sn| fidhd

ne,sh hq;= h'

3' udOH iud.ï úiska ish udkj iïm;a m%;sm;a;sh újrKh

lr ixfYdaOkh l< hq;=j ;sfí' fjk;a ldrKd w;r"

wLKav wOHdmkh ckudOHfõ§kag wjOdrKh l< hq;= h'

jegqma j¾Ol yd Wiiaùï jvd ;d¾lsl yd mdroDIH f,i

ld¾hidOkh yd kj l=i,;d w;am;a lr .ekSu iu. iïnkaO

l< hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

4.1 udOH jD;a;slhkag

;u wjYH;djkag

.e,fmk mqyqKqùï

fj; m%fõY úh

yels h


4' cd;Hka;r wdOdrlrejka yd Y%S ,xld rch oekg mj;sk

udOH mqyqKq myiqlï iïnkaOfhka wdOdr l< hq;= h' ta w;r

Y%S ,xld ckudOH úoHd,h" Y%S ,xld udOH mqyqKq wdh;kh

yd hdmkfha udOH iïm;a yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh fõ' tajd

u`.ska by< m%ñ;sfha mqyqKqj fndfyda mqoa.,hkag iyk ñ<g

,nd fohs' tfia fkdue;s kï fndfyda mqoa.,hkag tajd ,nd

.ekSu wmyiq h' fuu wdh;kj,g ,nd fok wdOdr w;r

udOH mqyqKqlrejka mqyqKq lsÍfï jevigyka i|yd wdOdr yd

foaYSh ixo¾Nh ;=< ckudOH wOHhk fm< fmd;a iïmdokh

i|yd wdOdr ,nd §u we;=<;a úh hq;= h' md¾,sfïka;=j

úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o Ndrldr wruqo,la u`.ska fuh

iajdëk;ajh wysñ fkd jk mßÈ l< yels h'

5' ish¨ úoHq;a udOH n,m;% ysñhka wNHka;r fyda ndysr udOH

mqyqKqfõ lsishï uÜgula olajd wdOdr l< hq;= njg j.n,d

.ekSu fhdað; iajdëk úldY kshdul wdh;kh úiska kj

úldY n,m;% l%uhla hgf;a l< hq;= h'

6' udOH l¾udka;fha taldnoaO ixúOdkhla f,i Y%S ,xld

mqj;am;a wdh;kh úiska ckudOHfõ§kaf.a Odß;d j¾Ok

yelshd Yla;su;a lr .; hq;= h' thg cd;Hka;r wdOdr"

udOH iud.ïj, wdOdr yd cd;Hka;r n,mEï lKavdhïj,

wdOdr ,nd .; hq;= h' tu`.ska Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh

udOH lafIa;%fha m%;sixialrK Èh;a l< yels id¾:l

fõÈldjla jkq we;'

7' l¾udka;fha udOH l<ukdlrK Odß;d ixj¾Okh lsÍu

msKsi jD;a;Sh udOH l<ukdlrejka n|jd .ekSug yd jeäÿr

mqyqKq lsÍug udOH iud.ï úiska wdfhdack l< hq;=j ;sfí'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

4.1 udOH jD;a;slhkag

;u wjYH;djkag

.e,fmk mqyqKqùï

fj; m%fõY úh

yels h

4.2 udOH l<ukdlrejkag"

jHdmdr l<ukdlrejka

we;=¿j" ;u

wjYH;djkag .e,fmk

mqyqKqùï fj; m%fõY

úh yels h


8' cd;Hka;r udOH ixj¾Ok ixúOdk iu. tlaj ,dxlsl

udOH iud.ï úiska ckudOHlrejka i|yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh"

md,kh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| m%Yak yd wka;¾ iïnkaO;d

ms<sn| fhda.H mqyqKq wjia:d ks¾udKh l< hq;= h' Y%S ,xldj

w;aika lr yd l%shd;aul lr we;s cd;Hka;r udkj ysñlï

yd udkqISh .súiqï wkqj Y%S ,xldjg ;sfnk j.lSï ms<sn`o

;dlaIKsl fkdjk yd kS;suh fkdjk wdjrK ms<sn`oj o

wvx.= úh hq;= h'

9' Wiia wOHdmk wud;HdxYh" úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñiu yd

fjk;a md¾Yajlrejka iu. tlaj mqj;am;a l,dj" ckudOH

yd ckikaksfõokh yd iïnkaO úIhud,d újrKh l< hq;=

h' tys wruqK úh hq;af;a oekqu" iïm;a yd l=i,;d w;r we;s

mr;rh y÷kd .ekSuhs' tjeks újrKhlska miqj fuu wdh;k

úiska úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh l%shdj,shlg msúish hq;= h'

tu`.ska ckudOH wOHdmkh nqoaêuh wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK

Èh yels yd udOH lafIa;%fha yd iuia;hla f,i iudcfha

wjYH;dj,g m%;spdr oelaúh hq;= h'

10' kj wOHdmk udÈ,s we;=<;a lr .; yels mßÈ Wiia wOHdmk

wdh;k yd udOH mqyqKq uOHia:dk úiska ish mrdih mq<,a

l< hq;= h' thg Tka,hska fyj;a wka;¾cd,h yryd yeoEßh

yels mdGud,d we;=<;a úh hq;= h' iïnkaO jk isiqkag jeä

kuHYS,s;ajhla ;sìh hq;= h' wkd.; mqyqKqjg mß.Kl

wdY%h lrf.k lrkq ,nk wOHdmkh o we;=<;a úh hq;= h'

11' úYajúoHd, yd udOH n,mEï lKavdhï úiska ckudOHfõoh

ms<sn| fm< fmd;a ud,djla isxy, yd fou< NdIdj,ska

ieliSu i|yd tlaj jev l< hq;= h' cd;Hka;r jYfhka ms<s

.;a ckudOH fm< fmd;aj,ska wjYH Wmqgd .ekSï isÿ lsÍu

i,ld ne,sh yels h' tu fm< fmd;a wka;¾cd, iajrEmh o

we;=¿j úúOdldrfhka mq¿,aj ,nd .; yels úh hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

4.3 mqyqKqj u`.ska

udOH jD;a;slhkag

m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd

ixj¾Okh ms<sn|

wjfndaOhla ,efí

4.4 mq¿,a mrdihl

isiqka i|yd

wOHdmk mdGud,d

;sfí


12' ckudOH wOHdmkfha yd mqyqKqfõ kshqla; úYajúoHd,

úiska mSG wdh;ksl ixj¾Okh i|yd È.= ld,Sk oelaula

wkqj lghq;= l< hq;= h' ta i|yd jk Wmdhud¾. w;rg

fyd| ckudOH wOHdmkhla i|yd lS¾;shla we;s úfoaY

úYajúoHd,j, wOHdmk wjia:d" ol=Kq wdishdkq yd

fjk;a úYajúoHd, iu. iyfhda.S m¾fhaIK jHdmD;s yd

ckudOHhkays j;auka .egÆ iïnkaO l,dmSh iïfï,k

ixúOdkh lsÍu o fõ'

13' ckudOHfõoh yd $ fyda ck ikaksfõok mdGud,d W.kajk

úYajúoHd, úiska udOH lafIa;%h iu. ;u iïnkaO;d

Yla;su;a lr .; hq;= h' tu`.ska l¾udka;fha ;sfnk

m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSïj,ska jdis w;am;a lr .; hq;= h' tu`.ska

l¾udka;hg o Yla;shla ,efí'

14' úYajúoHd, cd;Hka;r udOH ixj¾Ok ixúOdk iu.

iyfhda.s;dfjka fhda.H úIhud,d újrK isÿ l< hq;=

h' isiqkag m%cd;ka;%jdoh" yd ixj¾Okh w;r wka;¾

iïnkaOhka f;areï .ekSug bjy,a jk fudäh¨ ixj¾Okh

l< hq;= h' ixj¾Ok ikaksfõok b.ekaùï ir< f,i rch

lrk ixj¾Ok lghq;= m%j¾Okh lsÍfuka Tíng hd hq;= h'

ixj¾Okfha m%;sM,j,ska ck;djg we;s n,mEu .ek .eUqßka

újrKh l< hq;= h'

15' úkh l%shdud¾. .kq we;ehs ìh fkdue;sj ;uka leu;s

jD;a;Sh iñ;shlg iïnkaO ùug yd tys lghq;=j, fh§ug

ckudOHfõ§ka yd fjk;a udOH i;= uQ,sl udkj ysñlï

yd jHjia:duh ysñlï ms<sn| ishÆ udOH wdh;k úiska

y÷kdf.k .re l< hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

4.4 mq¿,a mrdihl

isiqka i|yd

wOHdmk mdGud,d

;sfí

4.5 wOHdmk mdGud,d

úiska isiqka

m%cd;ka;%jd§

ixj¾Okh ms<sn|

l=i,;d yd oekqfuka

fmdaIKh lrkq ,efí

4.6 udOH fiajlhkag

jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,g

ne£ug yd ish

whs;sjdislï Nqla;s

ú£ug wjia:dj ;sfí


16' udOH iud.ï l<ukdldrjreka yd ysñlrejka úiska

ckudOHfõ§kaf.a yd fjk;a udOH fiajlhkaf.a jegqma

jHQyhka újrKh lr jegqma jeä l< hq;= h' tu`.ska

l¾udka;hg olaI yd wemlem ùfuka hq;= fiajlhka

wdl¾IKh lr .; yels fõ'

17' jD;a;Sh iñ;s ;ukaf.a me;af;ka udOH ysñlrejka yd

l<ukdlrejka iu. lrk iduldó idlÉPd Tiafia ;u

fiajlhkaf.a ysñlï ;yjqre l< hq;= h' foaYmd,k mlaI

iu. iïnkaO ùfï whs;shla jD;a;Sh iñ;sj,g ;sfí' tfy;a

tjeks taldnoaO ùï u`.ska ckudOHfõ§ jD;a;slNdjhg yd

ixialdrl iajdëk;ajhg ydks isÿ fkd úh hq;= h'

18' udOH iud.ï yd n,mEï lKavdhï úiska m%dfoaYSh mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§kaf.a jD;a;Sh m%ñ;s by< kexùfï l%u ms<sn|

úfYaIfhka fidhd ne,sh hq;= h' tys fldgila f,i Tjqkaf.a

f.ùï" fjk;a jrm%ido yd myiqlï jyd jeä ÈhqKq l< hq;=

h' tu`.ska Tjqkag yqÿ udOH ld¾hd,j,g wuqøjH imhkakka

fkd ù udOH m%cdfõ mQ¾K idudðlhka úh yels h'

19' Y%S ,xldfõ isú,a iudc ixúOdk" n,mEï lKavdï yd

úoaj;=ka m%Odk Odrdfõ ckudOH iu. Tjqkaf.a iïnkaOh

Yla;su;a lr .; hq;= h' Tjqkaf.a l%shdldß;ajhka

ksÍlaIKh l< hq;= h' fuh uÜgï lSmhl§ isÿ úh yels h'

tkï" wka;¾.;hka iemhSu" úoHq;a udOH jevigykaj,g

iyNd.s ùu" jD;a;Sh m%ñ;s kexùu iïnkaOfhka

l¾udka;hg Wmfoia §u" ìï uÜgfï idlÉPd fõÈldjka

we;s lsÍu yd udOH wka;¾.;hka ksÍlaIKh lsÍu jeks

uÜgïj,§ th l< yels h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

4.7 jD;a;Sh iñ;s yd

jD;a;sl ixúOdk

úiska jD;a;sh

iïnkaO Wmfoia

fokq ,efí

4.8 isú,a iudc

ixúOdk úiska

m%ldYkfha ksoyi

ms<sn| ldrKdj,§

Rcqj n,mEï

lrkq ,efí


20' úoaj;=ka yd isú,a iudc lKavdhï úiska udOH m¾fhaIK

l%shdldrlïj, .eUqr yd mq¿,alu jeä l< hq;= h' tys

wruqK jkafka udOH m%;sm;a;s yd Ndú;djka wLKavj

j¾Okh l< yels idlaIsuh mokula iemhSuhs' fuu

wOHhkj,g úfYaIfhka ckudOH wOHhk úoaj;=ka

iïnkaO lr .; hq;= h'

21' wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska mdi,aj, W.kajkq ,nk

ikaksfõokh yd udOH wOHhkh úIh ms<sn| ;lafiarejla

l< hq;= h' tys fidhd.ekSï u; mokïj" úIhud,dj

ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= h' tys§ wkd.; mqrjeishkaf.a mqrjeis

wOHdmkfhys§ udOH idlaIr;dj wksjd¾h wx.hla úh hq;= h'

22' rch" udOH l¾udka;h yd ckudOHfõ§kaf.a jD;a;Sh

ixúOdk hk ish,a, úiska ck;dj w;r udOH idlaIr;dj

m%j¾Okh l< hq;= h' tu`.ska m%Odk Odrdfõ udOH

wka;¾.;hka .eUqßka újrKh lsÍfï yelshdj mqrjeishkag

,efnk w;r" udOH i|yd kj wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh

lsÍfï l=i,;d o j¾Okh fõ

23' ks, yd fkd ks, wOHdmkh yryd udOH idlaIr;dj

m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd rch úiska cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla we;s l<

hq;= h' udOH idlaIr;dj Yla;su;a lsÍu iuia; wOHdmksl

wruqKla úh hq;= h'

o¾Yl wod, ks¾foaY

4.9 isú,a iudc ixúOdk

úiska m%ldYkfha

ksoyi ms<sn|

ldrKdj,§ Rcqj

n,mEï lrkq ,efí

4.10 isú,a iudc ixúOdk

f;dr;=re fj;

m%fõY ùu i|yd

m%cdjkag Wmldr

lrhs’


TAXATION AND

BUSINESS REGULATION

D5m%j¾.h

iajdëk ydnyqúO udOHj,g

iyfhda.h §u i|yd há;, myiqlï

Odß;dj


m%Odk o¾Yl

w udOH úiska mßyrKh lrkq ,eîu i|yd

;dlaIKsl uQ,dY% ;sîu 5'1 udOH ixúOdk i;=j mqj;a tla /ia lsÍu" ksIamdokh

yd fnodyeÍu i|yd kùk ;dlaIKsl myiqlï fj;

m%fõYh ;sfí'

wd mqj;am;a" úldY udOH yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK jHdma;sh 5'2 fldka lrk ,o lKavdhïj,g Tjqkag Ndú;d l< yels

ikaksfõok iajrEm fj; m%fõYh ;sfí'

5'3 fldka lrk ,o m%cdjkaf.a wjYH;d iemsÍu b,lal lrk

meyeÈ,s f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKsl

m%;sm;a;shla rfgys ;sfí'


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_society

The Mobile Revolution. By Nalaka Gunawardene. Echelon magazine. 8 August 2014. http://www.echelon.lk/home/mobile-revolution/

184

r;=re iudchla hkq f;dr;=re

ks¾udKh" fnodyeÍu" Ndú;h"

taldnoaO lsÍu yd Wmfhda.S lr

.ekSu" lemS fmfkk wd¾:sl" foaYmd,k yd

ixialD;sl l%shdldrlula jk iudchls' tys

m%Odk Odjlh jkafka äðg,a f;dr;=re yd

ikaksfõok ;dlaIKhhs' tu`.ska f;dr;=re

msmsÍula yd iudc ixúOdkfha ishÆ idOlj,

.eUqre fjkia ùula isÿ ù ;sfí' thg wd¾:slh"

wOHdmkh" fi!LHh" hqo lghq;=" rch yd

m%cd;ka;%jdoh we;=<;a fõ'184

miq.sh oYl lSmh ;=< Y%S ,xldj f;dr;=re

iudchla njg fõ.fhka mßKduh fjñka

;sìKs' 1989§ cx.u ÿrl:k fiajd y÷kajd

§u úiska iïnkaO;dfõ kj hq.hla we;s

lrk ,§' th uq,ska y~ fiajdj, isÿ jQ w;r

miqj o;a; iïfma%IKh yd iïnkaO fndfyda

jákdlï tl;= l< fiajdjkays th isÿ úh'

cx.u ÿrl:kh jeämqr Ndú;dlrejka yd

fiajd ixLHdjla tla lrk wNsidÍ WmlrKh

njg m;a ù ;sfí' Y% S ,xldj jeks ke.S tk

wd¾:slhkays th iudc iudk;dj we;s lsÍfï

m%Odk WmlrKhla ù ;sfí' tu`.ska ñ,shka

.Kkla ÿmam;=kag iïnkaO ùfï yelshdj

,eî ;sfí'185

f;dr;=re iudcfha u;= ùu 1995§ Y%S ,xldj

úiska wka;¾cd,h iu. ia:djrj iïnkaO ùu;a

iu. fõ.j;a úh' jdksc wka;¾cd, fiajdjkaf.a

udOH wNsidÍ;dj hkq l=ula o@

OH wNsidÍ;dj hkq ikaksfõok yd

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK" mß.Kl cd, yd

udOH wka;¾.;hka tlsfkl yd iïnkaO ùu

iu. isÿ jk l%shdj,shls' tu`.ska bx.%Sis iS

wl=re ;=kla taldnoaO lrkq ,efí'

tkï" computing, communication iy

content h' tys wre; mß.KllrKh"

ikaksfõokh yd wka;¾.;hhs' th jkdys

udOH wka;¾.;h äðg,alrKfha yd

wka;¾cd,h ckm%sh ùfï Rcq m%;sM,hls'

udOH wNsidÍ;dj úiska mj;akd l¾udka;"

fiajd yd jev Ndú;djka mßj¾;kh

lrñka iïmQ¾Kfhka u kj wka;¾.;

iajrEmhkaf.a u;= ùug u. i,ihs' tu`.ska

udOH l¾udka;fha yd wka;¾.;hkaf.a §¾>

ld,hla mqrd mej;s ms<s.;a iajrEmhka fjkia

úh' tfiau tajd iqúfYaI udOH WmlrK iu.

iïnkaO ùfuka .,jd .ksñka fmdÿ m%;sm;a;s

yd kshdukhkag kj wNsfhda. ks¾udKh lrhs'

uQ,dY%h( Britannica.comhttp://global.britannica.com/topic/media-convergence

185

uxcqidj

22

ud

f;d


Odß;dj jeä úh'^1990 isg ;snqKq iïnkaO;djh

úoHd¾Òkaf.a Ndú;hg iSud úh'&

iuia;hla f,i f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok

;dlaIKfha iudc Ndú;dj yd jHdma;sh mq¿,a

ùfï fõ.h jeä ùu fya;=fjka rchg thg

m%udKj;a wkaoñka m%;sm;a;suh yd kshduk

m%;spdr olajñka lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj wvq ù

;sfí' flfia fj;;a" Y%S ,xldfõ úÿ,s ixfoaYkh"

f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" äðg,a nqoaêuh foam,

yd ckudOH iïnkaOfhka kS;s fr.=,dis yd

m%;sm;a;s .Kkdjla ;sfí' fïjd wNHka;ßlj

yd we;eï úg yqol,dj mßKduh jQ tajd neúka

tajdfhys udOH wNsidß;dj úiska u;= lr ;sfnk

kj wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §u i|yd oelau yd

wkql+,;dj wvq h'186

wka;¾cd, fiajd y÷kajd § uq,a jir 12 ;=<

uyck l;sldj ;=< jeämqr ;snqfKa iïnkaO;dj

yd uQ,sl m%fõYh ms<sn| ldrKd h' fuu`.ska

iudc wd¾:sl lKavdhï f,i yd kd.ßl -

.%dóh jYfhka ;snQ úIu;d wvq úh' Y%S ,xldj

oeka uqyqK § isákafka jvd ixlS¾K yd iqúfYaI

wNsfhda. ud,djlg h' fïjd we;eï úg mYapd;a

iïnkaO;d wNsfhda. fyj;a f;dr;=re iudchl

j¾Okh jk fõokdjka f,i ie,fla'

udOH úiska mßyrKh lrkq ,eîu i|yd ;dlaIKsl uQ,dY% ;sîu

w

INET Colombo 2015 – 20 Years of Internet in Sri Lanka. ReadMe.lk magazine. 16 June 2015. http://readme.lk/inet-colombo-2015-20-years-internet-sri-lanka/

186


5 01 udOH ixúOdk

i;=j mqj;a tla

/ia lsÍu" ksIamdokh yd

fnodyeÍu i|yd kùk

;dlaIKsl myiqlï fj;

m%fõYh ;sfí

,xldfõ mßKdufha jir 200l muK

ld,h ;=< kQ;k ckudOH úiska l¾;D

uKav, fufyhqï" ksIamdok yd

.%dylhka lrd m%fõYh úêu;a lsÍu i|yd úúO

;dlaIKhka je<`of.k ;sfí'

1980 oYlfha§ m%Odk mqj;am;a m%ldYlfhda iu;,

uqøK l%uh fj; udre fjñka ;ukaj kùlrKh

lr .;a y' uq,ska u iïmQ¾K j¾Kfhka uqøKh

lsÍu wdrïN lf<a Ñ;% l;d m;a;rhs' wojk

úg ishÆu mqj;am;a i`.rd mdfya j¾K" .%e*sla

yd PdhdrEm fnfyúka Ndú;d flfrñka

uqøKh lrkq ,efí' 1980 oYlfha§ mqj;am;a

ksIamdolhkaf.a ksIamdok ueÈßj,g mß.Kl

y÷kajd fok ,o uq;a" tajd mqj;a ueÈß fj;

msúisfha ;j;a jir lSmhlg miqjhs' úYd, udOH

iud.ï yd bx.%Sis NdId udOH uq,ska u l¾;D

udKav,sl fufyhqï i|yd mß.Kl y÷kajd

ÿkafka h' wo jk úg;a" l=vd udOH iud.ï

yd iajfoaYsl udOH ckudOHlrejka l¾;D

udKav,sl wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd

mß.Kl Ndú;d lrkafka ke;' lsysmfofkla

;ju;a ;ukaf.a msgm;a ,shkafka w;a wl=frks'

Y%S ,xldfõ udOH iuia;hla f,i .;a l, mqj;a

tla /ia lsÍfï" úlikh lsÍfï yd fnodyeÍfï

ld¾hhka i|yd kj f;dr;=re ;dlaIKsl oekqu

fj; blauKska yd myiqfjka yev.efikafka

ke;' iSudiys;lug md¾Yaúlj fya;= jkafka

uq,H m%d.aOkfha ys`.hhs' tfy;a" th jeämqr

isÿ jkafka udOH l<ukdlrejka yd Ndú;d

lrkakka tajd .%yKh lr .ekSfï fyda äðg,a

;dlaIKh yd fjí mdol fõÈld úiska msßkukq

,nk wjia:d ,nd .ekSfï ,d olajk ukao.d-

ñ;ajh ksid h'

Y%S ,xldfõ ckudOHfõ§kag yd udOH

l¾udka;hg jvd;a u mßj¾;kSh f;dr;=re

;dlaIK fuj,u ù ;sfnkafka cx.u ÿrl:khhs'

fï jk úg ishÆ ckudOHlrefjda cx.u ÿrl:k

Ndú;d lrk w;r fndfyda fofkla mqj;a tla /ia

lsÍfu iy woyia ,nd .ekSu i|yd wka;¾cd,h

mßyrKh lr;s' ;ju;a m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï

ckudOHlrejka w;r yd iajfoaYsl NdIdjkaf.ka

jev lrkakka w;r we;eï iïm;a yd Odß;d iSud

;sfí' tajd Odß;d ixj¾Okh i|yd wdfhdackh

lsÍfuka u.yeßh yels h'

nyq fõÈld iïfma%IK moaO;s

Y%S ,xldfõ udOH wdh;ksl uÜgñka kj

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKhkag

mßj¾;kh ùu b;d ukao.dó h' 1995

wjidkfha isg mqj;am;a fjí ixialrK m<

lsÍu wdrïN lf<a h' fndfyda mqj;am;aj,g

oeka úoHq;a mqj;am;a ;sfí' we;eï tajd meh 24

mqrd hdj;ald,Sk lrkq ,nk mqj;a fjí wvú

mj;ajdf.k h;s' we;eï udOH úiska ;ukaf.a

u f*ianqla yd Üúg¾ jeks ckm%sh udOH fmdaIl

y÷kajd § ;sfí'

YS%


Internet in Sri Lanka: The First Five Years. Nalaka Gunawardene and Chanuka Wattegama. 2000. http://www.academia.edu/4378630/Internet_in_Sri_Lanka_The_First_Five_Years_book_chapter_written_in_late_2000_

Why mainstream media must embrace social media. David Brewer. 23 November 2012 http://www.mediahelpingmedia.org/training-resources/media-strategy/587-the-social-network-challenge-for-traditional-media

187 188

rEmjdyskS yd f¾äfhda wka;¾.;hka fjí.;

lsÍu i|yd l,a .; úh' thg fya;=j mq¿,a mrdi

wka;¾cd, iïnkaO;d Ndú;hg meñKsfha 2003

- 2004 iufha ùuhs'187 fndfyda m%Odk Odrdfõ

úldYlhka oeka iÔù f¾äfhda yd rEmjdyskS

fiajdjka ,nd fohs' j¾;udkfha§ Y%S ,dxlsl

úldYlfhda ta fjkqfjka úúO l%u Ndú;d

lr;s' ta w;r hQáhqí o fõ ' cx.u ÿrl:k"

geí,Ü mß.Kl" fm!oa.,sl mß.Kl yd iaudÜ

rEmjdyskS we;=¿ ishÆ WmlrKj,ska m%fõY úh

yels m%ñ;s.; Odjlhla ke;'

Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk Odrdfõ udOH o wod<

.%dylhka iu. iïnkaO ùfï yd wka;¾

l%shdldÍ ùfï i;H Wjukdfjka fjí yd iudc

udOH Ndú;d lsÍfï§ isákafka miqmisks'188

fndfyda mqj;am;a yd .=jka úÿ,s kd,sld wu;r

wka;¾.;hka fnodyeÍu i|yd ;ukaf.a u

fjí wvú yd iudc udOH Ndú;d lrhs' tfy;a"

fndfyda tajdg ia:djr fm%alaIl iïnkaOhla

mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd Wmdhud¾.hla ke;'

iqnjd§ me;af;a§" mqj;am;a l¾;Dg hjk ,shqï

Bfï,a u`.ska Ndr .kq ,efí' we;eï m%ldYk

flá mKsjqv u`.ska tjkq ,nk mdGl woyia

uqøs; yd iudc udOH Tiafia m< lrkq oelsh

yels h' fndfyda f¾äfhda yd rEmjdyskS ia:dk

.%dyl iyNd.s;ajh i|yd iÔù ÿrl:k

iïnkaO;d" flá mKsjqv fyda f*ianqla msgq

Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'

tfy;a" fndfyda úg" fïjd m%Odk

l%shdldrlïj,g tl;= lsÍï fyda mßjdÍh

lghq;= fõ' mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka yd ksIamdolhka

;ju;a wka;¾.;h uq¿ukska u ksoyia lsÍfï ,d

wleue;a;la yd ue,slula olaj;s' iduQysl l%u

u`.ska wka;¾.;hka ks¾udKh lsÍu isÿ jkafka

b;d l,d;=rlsks' lsisÿ m%Odk udOH wdh;khla

fyda mqj;a ixúOdkhla ;ukaf.a wka;¾cd,

msßkeuqï i|yd id¾:l f,i íf,d.alrejka fyda

íf,d.alrKh fhdod .ekSug wiu;a ù ;sfí'

äðg,a úldY

fndfyda rgj, rEmjdyskS wka;¾.; ksIamdok"

úldY yd tajd ixrlaIKh lsÍfï ;dlaIKhka

wekf,d.a l%ufha isg äðg,a l%uh fj; udre

lrñka isáhs' úoHq;a udOH úldYlhka fuu oYlh

;=<§ äðg,a ;dlaIKh fj; udre fjñka isá;s'

äðg,a úldYh úiska fndfyda jdis imhkq ,efí'

tu`.ska jeä pek,a ixLHdjla" wvq fufyhqï úhoulska

,nd .; yels w;r kj jHdmdr wjia:d újr lrhs'

.%dylhkag o jdis /ila ie,fia' wka;¾ l%shdldÍ

rEmjdyskS" bf,lafg%dksla jevigyka ud¾f.damfoaY

iy by< ;;a;ajfha rEmjdyskS fiajd wdÈh thg

we;=<;a fõ' äðg,alrKh úiska m%;sm;a;s" kshdukh

yd ;dlaIKh me;af;ka úúO wNsfhda. we;s lrhs'

fuh wdrïN lrkafka ljod o hkak iïnkaOfhka Y%S

,xldfj oeka jir yhl isg isákafka w;SrKhlhs'

2015 w. jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ fkdñf<a úoHq;a

;;aj


https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/tech/digital_broadcasting/project-dbasiapacific/Roadmaps/db_asp_roadmap_SriLanka.pdf

189

udOH úldY isÿ lrk rEmjdyskS kd,sld 24la

;sìKs' tajd úldY ia:dk 16la úiska úldYh

lrkq ,nk w;r ishÆ fokd oekg úldY

isÿ lrkafka wekf,d.a udÈ,sfhks' we;eï

tajd úiska wka;¾.;hka äðg,a ;dlaIKfhka

ksIamdokh lrk uq;a úldYh lrkafka wekf,d.a

wdldrhghs' .%dylhka ;ju;a äðg,a ix{d

yiqrejd .ekSug ieriS fkd isàu thg fya;=jhs'

2010§ udOH wud;HdxYh úiska úoHq;a udOH

úldY rEmjdyskS äðg,alrKh fjkqfjka

m%;sm;a;suh jevrduqjla bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd

wkq lñgqjla m;a lrk ,§' tu lKavdhug

bxðfkarejreka lsysmfofkla yd iskud

l¾udka;fha m%ùKhl= jk wdpd¾h ã'î'

ksyd,aisxy we;=<;a jQ y' Tjqyq ish jd¾;dj jir

wjidkfha§ iïmdokh l< y'

hqfrdamfha ks¾udKh lrk ,o DVB-T2 l%uh

Y%S ,xldfõ äðg,a úoHq;a udOH úldY rEmjdyskS

i|yd m%ñ;sh f,i fhdod .; hq;= nj tu lñgqj

úiska ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

DVB-T2 hkq by< ld¾hlaIu;djlska" Tfrd;a;=

oSï yelshdfjka yd kuHYS,s;ajhlska äðg,a .=jka

úldY fiajd imhk jvd Wiia moaO;shls' oekg

mj;sk wekf,d.a rEmjdyskS jevigyka iSñ;

ixLHd; kd,sldjla ;=< fohdldrfhka u úldYh

lsÍfï yelshdj ;sfnk tlu äðg,a .=jka úldY

rEmjdyskS l%uh thhs'

jd¾;dj úiska úldYlhkaf.a wka;¾.;hka

fma%laIlhka fj; úldYh lsÍfï fiajd i|yd

kj fufyhqïldr m%j¾.hla y÷kajd §ug

o ks¾foaY lrk ,§' th äðg,a úldY cd,

fufyhqïlre f,i ye¢kaùug kshñ; h'

tu`.ska uOH.; lrk ,o úldY myiqlula"

Digital Broadcast Network Operator (DBNO)" fufyhjkq ,efí' th ishÆ úldYlhkaf.a

m%Odk md,k ueÈß iu. iïnkaO h'

úldYlhkag kj WmlrK ñ< § .ekSu i|yd

nÿ iyk o" ksfjiaj,g wÆ;a rEmjdyskS ñ<

§ .ekSu i|yd iyk o Èh hq;= nj tu`.ska

fhdackd flßKs'

2011 wjidk Nd.fha§ cd;Hka;r úÿ,s ixfoaY

ix.ufha ;dlaIKsl úfYaI{jre Y%S ,xldfõ

úfYaI{hka iu. tlaj rEmjdyskS fiajd

wekf,d.a isg äðg,a lrd mßj¾;kh lsÍfï

ud¾. is;shula ilia l< y' (ITU, Feb 2012) 189

tu ud¾. is;shfuys fufia oelafõ' zzyels iEu

;ekl§ u" oekg mj;sk há;,h Ndú;d lsÍu

Èß.ekaúh hq;= h' ta fjkqfjka oekg isák

úldYlhka" rcfha ksfhdað;dh;k yd DBNO w;r .súiqï w;aika l< hq;= h' fojekakla

i|yd n,m;% Èh hq;= kï y÷kd .kq ,enQ

ia:dkj, tu DBNO fol u ia:dk.; l< hq;=

h' tneúka fojeks DBNO j m<uqjekak;a iu.

mej;Su i|yd myiqlï iemhSug há;,hg yels

úh hq;= h'


http://www.treasury.gov.lk/news-and-events/592-digitalization-of-terrestrial-television-broadcasting-project-ru-sankya.html

190

uq,a há;,h ieliSu i|yd re' ì,shk 2la o

ia:dkSh msysgqùï i|yd miqj ;lafiare lrkq

,nk msßjeh o orkakg isÿ jk j ud¾.

is;shu úiska m%ldY lrk ,§' zziuia; úhou

yd ld,rduqj ilia l<úg" rch úiska DBNO

msysgqùu i|yd wÈhr wkqj fldgia jYfhka fyda

iïmQ¾Kfhka u fyda wruqo,a iemhsh hq;= h"ZZ hs

ud¾. is;shu mjihs'

ld, rduqj fufia ie,iqï lrk ,§'

• 2011 wjidkh yd 2012 ueo - äðg,a .=jka

úldY rEmjdyskS i|yd kshuq iïfma%Il W;=re

yd niakdysr m<d;aj, iú lsÍu

• 2014 ueo - m%Odk äðg,a úoHq;a úldY rEmjdyskS

ia:dk 8 i|yd fiajd myiqlï ,nd §u'

• 2015 w. - niakdysr m<df;a wekf,d.a

rEmjdyskS fiajd keje;aùu

• 2017 w. - wekf,d.a fiajd k;r lsÍu

iïmQ¾K lsÍu

flfia kuq;a fuu ie,eiau l%shd;aul fkdùh'

;=ka jirla muK l,a ueÍfuka miq rdcmlaI

wdKavqj úiska yÈisfha u 2014 ueo§ cmdkfha

ISDB-T m%ñ;sh ms<s .kakd ,§' úoHq;a úldY

rEmjdyskS fiajd äðg,alrKh i|yd 2014

iema;eïnrfha§ fhka ñ,shk 13"177l Khla

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d ksfhdað;dh;kfhka

^JICA& ,nd .ekSu i|yd rch .súiqï w;aika lf<a

h'190 tfy;a" kj rch cmka m%ñ;s wkqj lghq;=

lrdú o ke;skï l,ska ie,iqï lrk ,o mßÈ

f,dalh mqrd äðg,a úµq;a úldY m%ñ;Ska - map courtesy Wikipedia, as at March 2016


DVB-T2 m%ñ;sh fj; wdmiq yef¾ú o hkak ;ju

meyeÈ,s ke;' Y%S ,xldfõ úldY l¾udka;fha

fndfyda l<ukdlrefjda yd bxðfkarefjda DVB-T

;dlaIKhg leue;a;la olaj;s'

m%ñ;sh l=ula jqj;a" ishÆ ldrKd ie,ls,a,g .;a

úg" wekf,d.a rEmjdyskS fiajd wjika lsÍfï

fyda äðg,a fiajd wdrïN lsÍfï jHdmD;sh

fjkqfjka jir 8 -10 w;r ld,hla .; jk

nj mejfia' fuu ld, mßÉfþoh ;=<§ ishÆ

rEmjdyskS .%dylhka äðg,a rEmjdyskshg yefrk

f;la úldYlhkag wekf,d.a fuka u äðg,a

kd,sld o mj;ajdf.k hkakg isÿ fõ'

úldY l¾udka;h iu. WmfoaYk

l%shdj,shla Tiafia rch úiska rEmjdyskS

úldY äðg,alrKh i|yd meyeÈ,s

ie,eiaula yd ld,rduqjla ixj¾Okh

l< hq;= h' tu`.ska 2009 - 2015 iufha

m%;sm;a;suh wia:djr;ajh fya;=fjka we;s

jQ wjq,a iy.; ;;a;ajh úi¢h hq;= h'

tl`. jQ miq" idOdrK yd mdroDIH wkaoñka

ie,iqu l%shd;aul lsÍu msysgqùug kshñ;

iajdëk úldY kshdukdh;kh úiska l<

hq;= h' wekf,d.a hq.fha wl%uj;alug

fuu ixl%uKh ;=< úi÷ï ,efnk njg

j. n,d .ekSu jeo.;a h'

nyq fõÈld udOH wka;¾.; fnodyeÍfï§

rcfha úldYlhka úiska ish jevigyka

wka;¾cd,h ;=< ixrlaIKh lsÍfï

j.lSula we;s l< hq;= h' th îîiS

whsmaf,ahrhg (BBC’s iPlayer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_iPlayer) iudk úh yels h' tjeks ixrlaIKh lsÍï

úfYaIfhka u wOHdmksl yd m¾fhaIK

wruqKq fjkqfjka m%fhdackj;a fõ'

Y%S ,xldfõ udOH ixúOdk úiska äðg,a

udOH uQf,damdhla ixj¾Okh l< hq;= h'

tys§ nyqúO .%dylhka iyNd.s lr .;

yels mßÈ jvd;a u iqÿiq äðg,a fõÈld yd

fuj,ï .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h' äðg,a

uQf,damdhka w;rg iudc udOH Ndú;dj

ms<sn| wdh;ksl m%;sm;a;s yd hyNdú;djka

o" nqoaêuh foam, ysñlï" ixrlaIKh yd

Odß;d f.dvke.Su o we;=<;a úh hq;= h'

Y%S ,xldj i|yd jk äðg,a úldY ud¾. is;shu - ITU Report, 2012

ks ¾ f oa Y ( Y%S ,xldfõ wekf,d.a rEmjdyskS úldY

äðg,alrKh msKsi fhdod .kq ,nkafka

l=uk äðg,a úoHq;a úldY ;dlaIKh o

hkak rch jyd m%ldYhg m;a l< hq;= h'

miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=< mej;s m%;sm;a;suh

wia:djr;ajh fya;=fjka wdfhdack

w;aysgqjd ;sfí' fuu ixl%uKh i|yd

ixfYdaê; ld,rduqjla yd kej; ilik

,o ud¾. is;shula ;sìh hq;= h'


mqj;am;a" úldY udOH yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK jHdma;sh

wd5 02 wdka;sl

lKavdhïj,g

Tjqkag Ndú;d l< yels

ikaksfõok iajrEm fj;

m%fõYh ;sfí

udOH m%fõYfha ysñldß;aj l%u u`.ska

m%Odk Odrdfõ udOH Y%S ,dxlsl iudch

fj; <`.d ùu ms<sn| o¾Ylhla ,nd fohs'

2012 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkfhka fmkajd § we;s

wdldrhg ksfjia w;ßka 78'9]l ;sfnk cx.u

ÿrl:kh úiska ksfjia w;ßka 78'3]l we;s

rEmjdysksh miqniajñka b;du iq,n ikaksfõok

WmlrKh njg m;a ù ;sfí' ;=kajk ia:dkfhys

;sfnk f¾äfhdaj ;sfnkafka .Dyhka 68'9]l h'

ia:djr ÿrl:k ;sfnkafka .Dyhkaf.ka 42'4]

l muKs' fïi mß.Kl ksfjiaj,ska 15]l o

,emafgdma mß.Kl 5'6]l o ;sfí'191

cx.u ÿrl:k fyda rEmjdyskS ysñ lr .ekSu

iïnkaOfhka kd.ßl yd .%dóh m%foaY w;r

ie,lsh hq;= úIu;djla ke;' tfy;a" j;=lrfha

ishÆ ysñldß;aj uÜgï my;a h'192

iaudÜ ÿrl:k Ndú;dj;a iu. udOH

mdßfNdackh jd¾;d lr .ekSu ÿIalr ù ;sfí'

2015 w. jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ iaudÜ ÿrl:k

ñ,shk 3'5la Ndú;d jk nj úYajdi flf¾'

we;eï wh iaudÜ ÿrl:k yv weu;=ï" flá

mKsjqv" .=jka úÿ,shg ijka §u" wka;¾cd,hg

msúiSu" VOIP yd Viber yd WhatsApp jeks

laIKsl mKsjqv fiajdjjka i|yd o Ndú;d lr;s'

2015iema;eïn¾ 30 jk úg iuqÉÑ; úÿ,s ixfoaY

ixLHdf,aLk wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ il%sh ia:djr

Census of Population and Housing 2012: Key Findingshttp://countryoffice.unfpa.org/srilanka/?publications=12333

Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2012-13, covering sample of 25,000 households: http://www.statistics.gov.lk/HIES/HIES2012_13FinalReport.pdf

191 192

ud


ÿrl:k odhl;ajhka 23,771,580la ;sfí' ^2011

jif¾ WÉp;u ixLHdj 3"608"392 isg my; jeà

;sfí'& thg mriamrj cx.u ÿrl:k 23,771,580la

we;' we;eï mqoa.,hkag nyq in|;d we;'193

2014 wjidkh jk úg wka;¾cd, odhl;ajhka

3"396"295la ;sìKs' thska 82]la u cx.u ÿrl:k yryd

h' tla in|;djla yryd fofofkl= wka;¾cd,hg

msúfikafka hhs ie,l=j;a ck.yKfhka 20"675"000l

iuia;h ^ck yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ

2014 ueo m%lafIamKh wkqj& rfÜ uq¿ ck.yKfhka

32'85]ls' wka;¾cd, iudch tys 2014 jd¾;dfõ

weia;fïka;= lr we;s wdldrhg Y%S ,xldfõ

ck.yKfhka 22]la ia:djr f,i wka;¾cd,h

mßyrKh lr;s' tneúka iEu ,dxlslhka isõ

fofkl=f.ka u tla wfhla ia:djrj wka;¾cd,h

mßyrKh lrk nj lSu idOdrK h'

wdka;sl ckhd úiska ikaksfõok yd f;dr;=re

;dlaIKh Ndú;d lsÍu

ikaksfõok yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fiajd wdka;sl

ckhd fj; m%fõY ùu ms<sn| ksYaÑ; f;dr;=re

ke;' flfia fj;;a" 1990 oYlfha ÿrg úysÿKq

fg,sfldï fr.=,dis wkqj" Y%S ,xldj f,dj wvq

u y~ yd o;a; iïfma%IK .dia;= we;s rgls'

fj<|fmd< ;r.ldß;ajh thg fya;=jhs' fï

fya;=fjka wvq wdodhï lKavdhïj,g;a ;ukaf.a

u jQ ÿrl:khla" fndfyda úg cx.u ÿrl:khla

Ndú;d lsÍfï wjia:dj ,eî ;sfí'194

iaudÜ ÿrl:k we;=¿ cx.u ÿrl:k Ndú;d lsÍu

fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldfõ äðg,a fn§u wvq fjñka we;s

njg uE; ld,Sk m¾fhaIKj,ska fmkajd § ;sfí'

2005§ werUqKq fld<U mokï lr .;a wdishdkq

l,dmSh ikaksfõok yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK

m%;sm;a;s m¾fhaIK wdh;khla jk LIRNEasia úiska msróvfha my< u ;,fha ÿrl:k

Ndú;h wOHhkh lrñka ;sfí' wdka;sl ckhd

úiska b,aÆu me;af;a l,dmSh ikaksfõok yd

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK Ndú;h ms<sn| wOHhkfhka

fy<sorõ ù ;sfnkafka th fjk;a ckhd w;r

isÿ jk wdldrfhka u isÿ jk njhs' yÈis

ikaksfõokh" iudc cd,.; ùï we;=¿ ;ukaf.a

u ÿrl:khla ^Y%S ,xldfõ ixo¾Nh wkqj kï

cx.u ÿrl:khla& Ndú;fhka ,efnk jeä ÈhqKq

lrk ,o fm!oa.,sl wdrlaIdj iEu flfkla u

w.h lr;s' iólaIK úiska fmkajd § we;s ;j;a

ldrKhla jkafka msßñ yd ldka;dfjda tl u

wdldrfhka cx.u ÿrl:k Ndú;d lrk njhs'195

LIRNEasia wdh;kfha Teleuse@BOP

m¾fhaIKh wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ yd fjk;a

wdishdkq ke.S tk fj<|fmd< úiska rch úÿ,s

ixfoaYkfha jeo.;alu f;areï .ekSu Tmamq

lr ;sfí' úfYaIfhka u msróvh m;=f,a cx.u

ÿrl:k Ndú;hg th wod< h' tys fidhd .ekSï

úYaùh fiajd m%;sm;a;sj,g" nÿlrKhg yd

wdrlaIl wruqKq fjkqfjka ÿrl:k ,shdmÈxÑ

lsÍug mjd jeo.;a ù ;sfí' ;dlaIKfha" jHdmdr

http://www.trc.gov.lk/2014-05-13-03-59-39/statistical-overview.html

http://lirneasia.net/projects/2010-12-research-program/teleusebop4/

http://lirneasia.net/2007/12/documentary-film-highlights-telephone-revolution-in-asias-emerging-markets/

193 195

194


;=<;a lr .kakd iq¿ f;dr;=re

iudchl§ ÿria:j Ôj;a jk yd fldka

lrk ,o m%cdjkag o ikaksfõokhg m%fõYh

;sìh hq;= h' ta fjkqfjka rch úfYaI wjOdkh

fhduq lr wdfhdack l< hq;= h' fuys§ m%cd

udOHj,g m%Odk N+ñldjla l< yels h'

m%cd udOH úúO iajrEm .kshs' m%cd mqj;am;a"

m%cd mqj;a yiqka mqjre" m%cd nyq udOH

uOHia:dk wdÈh ksoiqka h' fï olajd jvd;a

u ld¾hlaIu m%cd udOHh ù ;sfnkafka m%cd

.=jka úÿ,shhs' .=jka úÿ,sh b;d iyNd.S

iajrEmhlska Ndú;d l< yels h' tys

fufyhqï úhou m%cdfõ fndfyda fofkl=g

ord .; yels uÜgul mj;S'

m%cd udOHj, jvd;a u jeo.;a udkhka

jkafka m%fõYh yd iyNd.s;ajhhs' flfia

fj;;a" fuu udk m%Odk Odrdfõ udOH

úiska fldka lrk ,o m%cdjkaf.a Wjukdjka

ms<sn| f;dardf.k jd¾;d lrk wdldrh wkqj

fjkia fõ'

fuu fjki *%dkaiia fnß.ka úiska 1994§

m%cd udOH w¾: ksrEmKh lroa§ meyeÈ,s

lrk ,§' ta fufiah' zzw;S;fha§" m%cd

udOH yd iudk fhÿï Ndú;d lrkq ,enqfõ

jd¾.sl fyda iq¿;r lKavdhï jeks úfYaI

wjYH;d yd wNs,dIhka we;s úfYaIs; m%cd

lKavdhï fjkqfjka úfYaIfhka ie,iqï

lrk ,o jevigyka ye¢kaùughs' is;d u;d

lrk ,o fuu kïkSlrKh yereKq úg"

ksIamdok l%ufhys mej;sfha iq¿ fjkils'

ud;Dld f;dard .kq ,enqfõ ta úÈhg u

h' ta jD;a;Sh ikaksfõolhka úisks' tajd

.%dylhkaf.a wjYH;d yd wNs,dIhka

fjkqfjka b,lal lrk ,§' tfy;a" m%cd

udOH hkq" m%cdj úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk

wruqKq fjkqfjka" m%cdj úiska udOH

Ndú;djg fhdod .ekSuhs' ta jkdys m%cdfõ

idudðlhkag ;ukag wjyH úg§ f;dr;=re"

wOHdmkh" úfkdaodiajdoh fjkqfjka

m%fõYh we;s udOHhls' ta jkdys m%cdfõ

idudðlhka ie,iqïlrejka" ksIamdolhka

yd Ys,amSka f,i iyNd.s jk udOHhls'

tajd jkdys m%cdj fjkqfjka mj;ajf.k

hkjdg jvd m%cdfõ m%ldYkh fjkqfjka

we;s tajd h'ZZ

uQ,dY%h( Community Communications: The Role of Community Media in Development. Frances J Berrigan. 1994 UNESCO. pp7-8.http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0004/000440/044035eo.pdf

iyNd.s;aj f;dr;=re iudchla fjkqfjka m%cd udOHh

uxcqidj

23

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udÈ,sj, yd m%;sm;a;sj, kj ks¾udK msróvfha

m;=,g ld¾hlaIuj fiajh lsÍu i|yd wjYH nj

Tjqka úiska fmkajd § ;sfí' msróvfha m;=f,a úÿ,s

ixfoaYk fiajd b,aÆfï jeäùu f;areï .ekSu

msKsi th jeämqr jeo.;a fõ'196

úúO;ajh" mßKdufha fõ.h yd iudc udOHj,

jeä jk n,mEu úiska n,mEï lghq;=j, yd

l%shdldß;ajfha fh§ isák whg wjia:d yd wNsfhda.

t,a, lr ;sfí' wod< m%jK;d jgyd .ekSug yd

úfYaIs; ksoiqka f,aLk.; lsÍug f;dr;=re yd

ikaksfõok ;dlaIK ksÍlaIKhla Y%S ,xldfõ ke;'

tneúka idlaIs m%jK;dj, úYajikSh;ajh wvq h'

fuys§ ff;%NdIsl Manthri.lk fjí wvúh .ek

i|yka lsÍu jà' tu`.ska md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Ska

225lf.a ld¾hidOkh ksÍlaIKh lrk ,§' th

úiska iqúfYaI moaO;shla Tiafia ks, yekaidâ jd¾;d

úYaf,aIKh yd ix{d.; lsÍu lrhs' tu fjí wvúh

ysñ fjßfÜ ßi¾É wdh;kh hkq Wmdhsl úYaf,aIK

yd ;SrK .ekSfuys ,d yd woyia f.dvk.d .ekSfuys

,d Wmldr jk Wmfoia ,nd fok nqoaê uKavmhls'

fndfyda isú,a iudc ixúOdkj, uE; ld,Sk

w;aoelSï wkqj n,mEï jHdmdr jvd id¾:l

jkafka tajd úiska wka;¾cd, $ iudc udOH

yd jvd iïm%odhsl l%u jk mqj;am;a idlÉPd"

udOH ksfõok" uyck fm<md,s yd bv ;sfí

kï iduldó ùÈ úfrdaO;d wd§ m%fõYhkaf.a

ixl,khla Ndú;d lrkafka kï h'

zzjeä jeäfhka ,dxlslfhda oeka

wka;¾cd,h mßyrKh lr;s' oeka

NdIduh ndOd ke;' hqksfldaâ wlaIr

y÷kajd §fuka miq ck;djg isxyf,ka

yd fouf<ka f;dr;=re fidhd .ekSu

yd Ndú;h l< yels h' íf,d.a" ´md¥m

wvú yd fjk;a wka;¾.;hkays§ oeka

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uf.a ;lafiarej wkqj 90]la ,dxlsl

rcfha ks,OdÍyq oeka ish ks, lghq;=

i|yd wka;¾cd,h Ndú;d lr;s' rcfha

fiajlfhda mq¿,a f,i cx.u ÿrl:k

o Ndú;d lr;s' ta w;ßka 40]la muK

iaudÜ ÿrl:khs' fndfyda ,dxlslhkag

wka;¾cd,h i|yd ìys fodr jkafka

iaudÜ ÿrl:khhs'

Y%S ,dxlslhka úiska ks¾udKh lrkq ,nk

fjí wka;¾.;hka m%udKh ;ju;a b;d

wvq h' isxy, wka;¾.;hka m%udKh ;j;a

wvq h' fjí fõÈldjka ;=< wmf.a ck;dj

wka;¾.;hka ksIamdokh lrk" yqjudre lr

.kakd yd jeä ÈhqKq lrk Èkhla fjkqfjka

wmg ;j fndfyda ÿr hdug ;sfí'ZZ

wdpd¾h y¾I úchj¾Ok"

wxY m%OdkS $ WmfoaYl" fld<U

úYajúoHd,fha mß.Kl mdi,

http://lirneasia.net/projects/icts-the-bottom-of-the-pyramid/

196


mqrjeis ckudOHfõofha ke.S tau

m%cd udOH Ndú;d lsÍfuys mqfrda.dñfhla yd

m¾fhaIlhl= jQ vEka .s,afuda¾ úia;r lr we;s

mßÈ zmqj;am;a l,dfõ wyUq l%shdZ isÿ lsÍu

i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok fuj,ï yd

fõÈldjka Ndú;d lsÍfuys§ mqrjeishkag tjeks

ndOlj,g uqyqK fokakg isÿ jQfha ke;'

Èßu;a lrk ldrKhla f,i wÆ;a mqrjeis

udOHlrejka yd iudc udOH Ndú;d lrkakka

msßila miq.sh oYlh ;=< ìys ù ;sfí' Tjqyq

;uka jgd isÿ jk isÿùïj,g jeä jeäfhka

m%;spdr olajkakg mgka f.k ;sfí' ta újD;

woyia m%ldY lsÍu yd äðg,a wka;¾.;hka

fnod yod .ekSu yryd h'

fld<U úYajúoHd,fha ckudOH tallfha l%sYdka

fca' isßj¾Ok fufia i|yka lr ;sfí( zudOH

mdßfNda.slhkag ish m%;spdr ,nd §ug" woyia

fnod yod .ekSug yd ms<s;=re §ug iïm%odhsl

udOHj, ;snqfKa iSñ; wjia:djls' th mqj;am;a"

rEmjdyskS yd f¾äfhda udOHj, wdfõKsl

,laIKhla úh' tfy;a" fjí wvú" íf,d.a yd

iudc udOH úiska .%dylhkag ms<s;=re fokakg

muKla fkdj ;u woyia olajkakg muKla

fkdj ;ukaf.a u wka;¾.;hka mqj;am;a

l,dfõ§ka fia fnod .kakg o wjia:dj ,nd

§ ;sfí' kj udOH fuj,ï Y%S ,xldfõ Ndú;d

lrkakka w;r iq,n ù ;sfí' rg ;=< mqrjeis

mqj;am;a l,d Ndú;h jeä ù ;sfí'Z197

Y%S ,xldfõ mqrjeis ckudOH

mqrjeis ckudOH uQ,sl w¾: ksrEmKh jkafka

idudkH ck;dj" fmdÿ wjldYhl§ lsisÿ udOH

uqrNghl= fkdue;sj ;u woyia m%ldY lsÍuhs' fï

fjkqfjka Y%S ,xldjg È.= b;sydihla ;sfí' l%s'j'

5jk ishjig wh;a" ldYHm rcq úiska ks¾udKh

lrk ,o iS.sß n,fldgqfõ legm;a mjqfrys th

ne,Sug meñKs wuq;af;da igyka ;enQ y' tu

igyka 6jk ishjfia isg 13jk ishji olajd

ld,hg wh;a fõ' tajd lshjd jgyd .ekSfuka

tl, jeishkaf.a Ôú;h yd n,dfmdfrd;a;= .ek

fndfyda foa W.; yels h'

uE; jljdkqfõ§ mqrjeishkaf.a m%ldYk

lúfld<fha isg le<E m;a;rh olajd úúO

iajrEm .;af;a h' fy<sorõ fkd jk isÿùï

jd¾;d lrkakg o" woyia" oelau yd úi÷ï

bÈßm;a lrkakg o fjí mdol fõÈld Ndú;d

lrkakg Y%S ,xldfõ mqrjeishka fhduq jqfKa uE;

jir 15 - 20 ;=< h'

mqrjeis ckudOHfha uq,a iajrEmh f,i íf,d.a-

lrKh u;= jQfha 1990 oYlfha w.Nd.fha§ h'

mq¿,a mrdi wka;¾cd, fiajd jHdma; ùu;a iu.

u Üúg¾ ^laIqø íf,d.alrKh&" f*aianqla ^iudc

cd,&" bkaiag.%Eï ^PdhdrEm fnod yod .ekSu& yd

hQáhqí ^ùäfhda fnod yod .ekSu& fj; fndfyda

fokd iïnkaO jQ y' uE; isg wu;r fuj,ï

o jHdma; ù ;sfí' jÜiawema" jhsn¾ jeks wka;¾

Contribution of Citizen Journalism as a Tool for Development Communication in Sri Lanka. Krishan J Siriwardhana. http://arts.cmb.ac.lk/sites/default/files/content/title22.pdf

197


l%shdldÍ rEm" is;shï yd udOH fiajd fnod yod

.ekSfï jevigyka uE; u ld,fha isg Ndú;hg

meñK ;sfí'

2004 iqkdñ wdmodfjka miq ld,fha isg" fmdÿ

wNs,dIhka i|yd jk íf,d.alrKh Y%S ,xldfõ

fiñka kuq;a ia:djrj j¾Okh fjñka ;sfí' tu

jljdkqj Y%S ,xldfõ mqrjeis udOH l,dfõ kj

keïula we;s l, iuhls' bka miq t<UqKq oYlh

;=< isxy," fou< yd bx.%Sis udOHhkaf.ka íf,d.a-

lrKh jHdma; jQ w;r" tu`.ska .oH" moH" rEm"

ñY% udOH wdlD;s wd§ jYfhka wka;¾;h úúOdx.S-

lrKh ;sfí' we;eï íf,d.a úiska ne?reï

Blogging in Sri Lanka: A New Platform for Creativity?http://nalakagunawardene.com/2015/04/26/a-k-lit-fest-session-on-blogging-in-sri-lanka-a-new-platform-for-creativity/

198

foaYmd,k yd iudc woyia bÈßm;a lrkq ,efí'

;j;a iuyr tajd wÆ;a l=i,;djka fmdaIKh

lr;s'¡198 2014 jk úg isxy, íf,d.a 3"000lg

jvd we;s nj tla úYaf,aIlhl= úiska weia;fïka;=

lrk ,§'199 tfy;a ta ish,a, u ckm%sh fyda

ia:srj l%shd;aul jkafka ke;' ckm%sh íf,d.aj,

mdGl woyia we;eï úg ish .Kkls'

íf,d.alrefjda mqrjeis udOHlrKfha kj mßir

moaO;sh iu. ukdj .e,fm;s' th o wLKavj

j¾Okh fjñka ;sfí' udOH m¾fhaIlhka úiska

fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr ke;s uq;a" fuh oeka

uyck wjldYfha fldgils'

http://www.slideshare.net/NalakaG/media-reforms-in-lanka-big-picture-ideas-by-nalaka-gunawardene

199

Y%S ,xldfõ wka;¾cd, Ndú;fha j¾Okh 1996-2014-fg,sfldï l¾udka;h

data collated by TRCSL. December 2014. 16H http://www.trc.gov.lk/2014-05-13-03-56-46/statistics.html

30,00,000

25,00,000

20,00,000

15,00,000

10,00,000

5,00,000

0


m¾fhaIl yd udOH l%shdldßl ixck y;af;dgqj

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jd¾;d lsÍfuys§ mqrjeis ckudOHlrefjda

m%Odk N+ñldjla r`.mEfjda h' m%Odk Odrdfõ

udOH úiska fïjd tlaflda w;sYfhdala;shg

k.k ,§' ke;skï" w;s ixfõ§ f,i jd¾;d

lrk ,§' tfy;a" f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok

;dlaIKh jHdma; jQ m<shg fmdÿ ye`.Sulska

hq;a mqrjeis ckudOHfõohla ìys fkd jk nj

Tyq fmkajd ÿkafka h'

Tyq fufia o mjihs' zzfndfyda úg" mqrjeis

ckudOHfha kj hq.h ;=< merKs mqj;am;a

l,dfõ mej;s O¾u;d yd úkh olakg

ke;' ixjdo wuq" ye`.=ïnr" fkd bjis,su;a"

wf.!rjkSh" úia;r rys; yd m%fldamldÍ fõ'

flfia fj;;a" mqrjeis udOHlrKfha ;sfnk

úNjh jkafka" .eyekq - msßñ" ishÆ cd;s" wd.ï"

l=," mx;s" wd.ï wdÈhg wh;a ishÆ mqrjeishkag

idlÉPd ixiohla iemhSug thg ;sfnk

yelshdjhs' tu`.ska Tjqkag ;ukaf.a woyia ksoyia

f,i m%ldY l< yels h' iudch úiska jvd

leue;af;ka bv fokq ,nkafka iduh Wmojk

woyia yd l%shdud¾.hs'ZZ200

2006§ y;af;dgqj Groundviews.org kï mqrjeis

udOH fjí wvúh wdrïN lrk ,§' th isú,a

hqo iufha§ újdoh yd idlÉPdj i|yd wdrlaIs;

wjldYhla f,i ie,lsKs' rdcH md,kh" udkj

ysñlï" l,dj" idys;Hh" iduh f.dvke.Su yd fjk;a

ldrKd iïnkaOfhka fuu fjí wvúh úiska

úúO wxY Tiafia lreKq bÈßm;a lrkq ,efí'

tys uQ,sl msßkeuqu jkafka mq¿,a mrdihl oelau

u; mokï jQ woyia ,sms jk uq;a" .fõIKd;aul

ckudOH" o;a; oDIHlrKh yd újD; o;a; u`.ska

fufyhfjk ckudOH o Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'

zzwms rfÜ b;d ÿ¾,N fohla ks¾udK lr

we;af;uq' ta jkdys YsIag wkaoñka újdo lsÍug

yd idlÉPdjg;a" úúO;ajhka w¾: ksrEmKh

lsÍug;a fhdod .; yels wdrlaIs; wjldYhls"ZZ

hs y;af;dgqj mjihs' zzl;kaor lSfï úúO

iajrEm .ek oeka wms mÍlaIK lrñka isáuq' ta

w;r PdhdrEm" flá ùäfhda" È.= mqj;am;a jd¾;d

wdÈh fõ' wms ta fjkqfjka rfgys we;s tlu

fõÈldj jkafkuq'ZZ201

Groundviews.org ;ks fní wvúhl uÜgu

blaujd f.dia f*ianqla yd Üúg¾ .sKqï o

mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk w;r" th Y%S ,xldfõ

tjeks m%h;akhka w;r jeäfhka u olskakg

,efnkafka fõ' isxy, NdIdfjka úl,am kñka o

fou< niska ud;%ï kñka o fjí wvú yd iudc

udOH fmdaIlhla o thg wh;a fõ'

we;af;ka u" mqrjeisfhda ksr;=rej u fjí yd

fmdÿ l;sldj i|yd wÆ;a l%u ms<sn| mÍlaId

lrñka isá;s' 2010 muK isg" idlÉPdj

f*ianqla yd Üúg¾ jeks m%Odk iudc udOH

Opinion: The Promise of Citizen Journalism, by Sanjana Hattotuwa. https://www.opendemocracy.net/the_promise_of_citizen_journalism

201

202

WAN-IFRA Blog, 2013 interview with Sanjana Hattotuwa: http://blog.wan-ifra.org/2013/05/02/citizen-journalism-platform-groundviews-thrives-in-sri-lanka

200


fõÈld fj; p,kh fjñka ;sfí' oeka ia:djr

íf,d.alrefjda mjd ish wka;¾.;hka fïjdfha

kej; m< lr;s' 202

mYapd;a hqo ld,Sk Y%S ,xldfõ m%.;sYS,S"

iudkd;au;djd§ yd idOdrK iudch m%j¾Okh

lrkakkg .eUqrg ld jeÿKq jevjiïjdoh"

rdcH taldêm;sjdoh yd cd;sjd§ wka;jdoh

iu. .efgkakg isÿ úh' fjkia oelaula

oerE muKska u" jdÑl ;¾ckj,g muKla

fkdj" we;eï úg YdÍßl m%ydrj,g o uqyqK

fokakg isÿ úh' wjdikdjlg fuka tlS fkd

bjis,sjka;lu iudc udOH fj; o W;=rd

f.dia ;sfí' cd;sjdÈfhda" wd.ñl wka;jdÈfhda"

l=uka;%K kHdhjdÈfhda yd l=Kq wjqiaikafkda

fjí udOHhkaf.a ks¾kdñl;ajhg yd jHdc

kduj,g uqjd fjñka mq¿,a f,i ÿIag;ajh yd

hlaIdfrdamKh m;=rej;s' úfYaIfhka u" f*aianqla

ffjÍ m%ldYkj, yd fkd bjiSfï f;da;ekakla

ù ;sfí'

ks ¾ f oa Y ( rch úiska udOH ixj¾Ok wruqo,la yd

$ fyda udOH nyqúONdjh yd ixj¾Okh

ms<sn| ksfhdað;dh;khla msysgqúh hq;=

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l¾udka;hlg iyfhda.h Èh hq;= h'

isxy, wlaIr iïnkaOfhka we;s .egÆ

úi£u i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok

;dlaIK ksfhdað;dh;kh läkñka mshjr

.; hq;= h' ukao" fuu lreK úiska äðg,a

wka;¾.;hkaf.a ixjrOkhg ndOd flf¾'

isxy, yd fou< wlaIr Ndú;h myiq

yd úêu;a lsÍu ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd tu

ksfhdað;dh;kh mshjr .; hq;= h'

keKi, .%dóh f;dr;=re ;dlaIK

uOHia:dk iïnkaOfhka ;u m%;sm;a;sh

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK

ksfhdað;dh;kh úiska újrKh l<

hq;=j ;sfí' iaudÜ cx.u ÿrl:kfha

jHdma;sh fya;=fjka kd.ßl yd .%dóh

,dxlslhka f;dr;=re fj; m%fõY jk

wdldrh iïmQ¾Kfhka u fjkia lr

;sfí' wdndO iys; ckhd yd jeäysáhka

we;=¿j" Tjqkag iSud fkd lr" úúO fldKa

lrk ,o lKavdhïj, f;dr;=re wjYH;d

wduka;%Kh lsÍu i|yd jvd

úúOdx.SlrKh lrk ,o m%fõYhla

ixj¾Okh l< hq;= h'

http://www.c3magazine.com/a-dying-breed-how-social-networks-killed-the-sri-lankan-blogosphere/

202


5 03 wdka;sl

m%cdjkaf.a

wjYH;d iemsÍu

b,lal lrk meyeÈ,s

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok

;dlaIKsl m%;sm;a;shla

rfgys ;sfí

http://www.icta.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25&Itemid=233&lang=en

203 An overview of Sri Lanka’s ICT sector is found on this World Bank website: http://broadbandtoolkit.org/Case/lk/3

Main source: http://www.icta.lk/attachments/article/1247/Ideas%20Actioned,%20v%205.pdf

204 205

2016 ckjdß jk úg" kj rch úiska


m%;sm;a;sh ixialrKh lrkakg kshñ;j

;sìKs' kj m%;sm;a;shla y÷kajd fok ;=re rcfha

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK m%;sm;a;sh

mdol jkafka B Y%S ,xld jHdmD;sh u; hhs

ie,lsh yels h' 2003§ rks,a úl%uisxy rch

úiska iïmdokh lrk ,o th 2001 isg 2004

olajd l%shd;aul úh'

B Y%S ,xld jHdmD;sh Èh;a lrkq ,enqfõ Y%S

,xldfõ wd¾:slh ixj¾Okh lsÍu" È<s÷lu

wvq lsÍu yd ck;djf.a Ôjk .=Kh jeäÈhqKq

lsÍu i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh

Ndú;d lsÍu i|yd h' my; wx. wvx.= mxpúO

jevigyka Wmdhud¾.hla ta fjkqfjka wkq.

ukh lrk ,§'

• l%shd;aul lsÍfï Odß;dj f.dvke.Su

• f;dr;=re há;,h f.dvke.Su yd mßirh

l%shd;aul lsÍu

• f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha udkj

iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu

• rch mqrjeis fiajd iïmdokh lsÍu

kùlrKh lsÍu

• rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iyNd.s;ajfhka

wd¾:sl yd iudc ixj¾Okh i|yd f;dr;=re

yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Tijd ;eîu

B iudchla i|yd jk ihjk Wmdhud¾.sl

l,dmhla miqj tl;= lrk ,§'203

2003§ Y%S ,xldfõ m%uqL f;dr;=re ;dlaIK

yd ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï

jHQyh f,i f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK

ksfhdað;dh;kh ^ICTA& msysgqjk ,§' tys jru

jkafka f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh

iïnkaOfhka rcfha m%;sm;a;sh yd l%shdldÍ

ie,eiau l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd ishÆ wjYH

l%shdud¾. .ekSuhs'204


ksfhdað;dh;kfha myiqlï iemhSu yd m%j¾Okh

úiska jir 12l muK ld,h ;=< jdis /ila

ks¾udKh lr ;sfí'205 ta w;r"

• f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh

isxy," fou< NdIdj,ska cd;sl" cd;Hka;r"

wka;¾fufyhqï isÿ l< yels m%ñ;s u;

mokïj Ndú;d l< yels njg m;a lsÍu' isxy,

yd fou< myiqfjka Ndú;d l< yels ;;a;ajhg

m;a lsÍu' wo jk úg isxyf,ka yd fouf<ka

h;=re,shkh yd mß.Klh Tiafia f;dr;=re

yqjudre lr .ekSu" wka;¾cd,h mßyrKh

lsÍu yd úúO wlaIr j¾. nd.; lr .ekSu

myiq ù ;sfí'

• rgg wdfõKsl 'lk fvdfïka kduhkag wu;rj

2011 jif¾ isg isxyf,ka yd fouf<ka

cd;Hka;r fvdfïka kduhka ,nd .ekSfï

yelshdj o ;sfí' fuu`.ska bx.%Sis ni Ndú;d

fkd lrk mqoa.,hkag;a myiqfjka wka;¾cd,


http://fjí.,lajiu.,xld/index.php/si/

http://www.wsis-award.org/winner/impaired-aid-3720100424

http://www.mobogenie.com/download-bhasha-guru-1184238.html

206

iïm;a fj; m%fõYh ,nd § ;sfí' ',xld iy '

f,i o oeka fvdfïka kduhka ,nd

.; yels h'206

• wdndO iys; ckhd fj; f;dr;=re yd

ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh jeämqr ióm lsÍu i|yd

m%h;akhka ord ;sfí' m%ñ;slrKfha wvqmdvq

iemsÍug yd wOHdmk fuj,ula f,i ix{d

NdId Yío fldaIhla isxy, yd fou< NdIdj,ska

ixj¾Okh lr ;sfí' Y%S ,xldfõ ´kEu

flfkl=g ix{d NdIdj W.; yels wdldrhg B

bf.kqï mdGud,djla o ;sfí' ^f,dj mqrd Y%jK

wdndO we;s mqoa.,hka úiska Ndú;d lrkq ,nk

ix{d NdId ráka rgg fjkia fõ'& oDIHdndO ud

Y%jK wdndO we;s wh i|yd fhojqï /ila u`.ska

msßkud ;sfí' foaYSh NdId fí%,a l%uhg yerùfï

uDÿldx. o thg we;=<;a fõ'207

• Y%S ,dxlslhkag isxy, yd fou< l:kh bf.kSu

i|yd NdId .=re Wmldr fõ' th .+.,a wema .nvdj

Tiafia fkdñf<a nd.; lr .; yels h'208

• f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK

ksfhdað;dh;kh úiska keKi, kñka

ye¢kafjk uOHia:dk cd,hla rg mqrd msysgqjd

;sfí' tys wruqK .%dóh m%foaYj, f;dr;=re

yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK wjYH;d fjkqfjka

iydh §uhs' 2014 w. jk úg tjeks uOHia:dk

800la msysgqjd ;sìKs' tajdfha m%cd iyNd.s;ajh

úúO uÜgïj, ;sfí' keKi, u`.ska

wruqKq lrkafka oßø;d wOHdmkhg" wd¾:sl

ixj¾Okhg yd iduh f.dvke.Sug f;dr;=re

yd ikaksfõok iydh ,nd §uhs'209

• f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK

ksfhdað;dh;k úiska rcfha f;dr;=re

uOHia:dkh msysgqjd ;sfí' úúO rdcH wdh;k

u`.ska i,iajkq ,nk mqrjeis fiajd ms<sn|

f;dr;=re tu`.ska ,nd .; yels h' tys fjí

wvúh http://www.gic.gov.lk/gic/ jk w;r

flá ÿrl:k weu;=ï wxlh 1919 fõ' fiajdj

NdId ;=fkka u fkdñf<a iemfha'210

flfia fj;;a" ;dlaIKsl m%ñ;s iïnkaOfhka

;ju;a fkd úi÷Kq m%Yak ;sfí' hqksfldaâ wlaIr

iajfoaYSh NdId i|yd fhdod .ekSfuys ;snqKq

È.= ld,Sk m%udohka ksid uqøKlrejka úiska

ks¾udKh lrk ,o fjk;a wlaIr Ndú;h jeä

úh' iajfoaYsl NdId wlaIr Ndú;d lsÍfï myiqj

o wvq h' ksoiqkla f,i w;ska ,shk ,o wl=re

jeks oDIH wlaIr y÷kd.ekSfï myiqj ke;' wod<

h;=re mqjre o úêu;a yd m%ñ;s.; l< hq;=j ;sfí'

wka;¾cd, há;,h

uE;la jk ;=re u *hsn¾ Tmaála /yeka Y%S

,xldfõ mq¿,aj Ndú;d jQfha ke;' uE;la jk

;=re u tu /yeka cd, Ndú;d lrkq ,enqfõ

nr o;a; iïfma%IKhghs' Y%S ,xld úÿ,s ixfoaY

kshduk fldñIu úiska cd;sl nelafndaka cd,h

http://www.nenasala.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86&Itemid=523&lang=en

http://www.icta.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1494:government-information-center-1919&catid=131:main-projects&Itemid=234&lang=en

209

208

210

207


Yla;su;a lsÍu Y%S ,xld fg,sfldï wdh;khg

mjrd ;sfí' tu`.ska Y%S ,xldfõ wkd.; f;dr;=re

yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK wjYH;d iemsÍug

kshñ; h'211

jeämqr Ndú;dlrejka iïnkaO jk úg ;u mq¿,a

mrdi wka;¾cd, fiajdjkaf.a fõ.h wvq fkdjk

njg fiajd iïmdolhka j. n,d .; hq;= h'

tjeks Odß;d ixj¾Okhka yeu úg u isÿ ù ke;s

njg l,lsÍug m;a mdßfNda.slfhda meñKs,s

lr;s' Y%S ,xld úÿ,s ixfoaYk kshduk fldñIfï

mq¿,a mrdi fõ.h mÍlaId lsÍfï ir< mÍlaIdjla

;sfí' tfy;a mq¿,a mrdi mdßfNda.sl ysñlï

ms<sn| oekqj;aNdjh wvq h'212

Y%S ,xldj ish cd;Hka;r wka;¾cd, iïnkaO;dj

,nd .kafka m%Odk iíueÍka flan,a moaO;s

follsks' ta ol=Kq-kef.kysr" wdishd-ueo

fmrÈ.-ngysr hqfrdamd (SEA-ME-WE) /yeka

yd f.da,Sh *hsn¾ Tmaála iïnkaO;d ^FLAG& /

yeka Tiafia h' Y%S ,xld fg,sfldï yd ,xld

fn,a úiska mj;ajdf.k hk iíueÍka flan,a

iïnkaO;d ia:dk ;=kla ;sfí' l,dmSh iíueÍka

flan,a moaO;s folla Tiafia o iïnkaO;dj ,nd

.efka' tajd kï Ndr;a ,xld iy êrd.= h'

Y%s ,xldfõ mq¿,a mrdi iïnkaO;d .ek

LIRNEasia 2012 jd¾;dfjys fiajdjkaf.a

.=Kd;aulNdjh ms<sn ldrKd biau;= lr

Strategies for the promotion of broadband services and infrastructure: a case study on Sri Lanka. ITU and the Broadband Commission for Digital Development. 2012. http://www.broadbandcommission.org/Documents/publications/BB_MDG_SriLanka_Final.pdf

http://www.trc.gov.lk/2014-05-12-13-25-54/broadband-speed-test.html

Broadband in Sri Lanka: Glass Half Full or Half Empty? http://www.infodev.org/articles/broadband-sri-lanka

212

;sfí' tys idrdxYfhys fufia oelafõ( zm%Odk

wNsfhda.hla jkafka m%udKj;a .=Khlska hq;a

ksIamdokhla mdßfNda.slhd fj; f.k hduhs'

,dN mq¿,a mrdi iïnkaOlïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh

o wvq h' Y%S ,xldfõ cx.u mq¿,a mrdi fiajdj,

.=Kd;aulNdjh me;slv .Kkdjlska ia:djr

mq¿,a mrdi iïnkaOlïj,g jvd fyd`o h'

ixj¾ê; f,dalfha fiajd iu. ikaikaokh

l< úg Y%S ,dxlsl mdßfNda.slhka mq¿,a mrdi

iïnkaOlï fjkqfjka f.jk uqo,g ,nd

.kafka wvq jákdluls' thg tla fya;=j;a

jkafka krl m%pdrKhhs' m%pdrKfha§ ksfõokh

lrk fõ.hka h:d¾:fhys ke;' thg m%Odk

fya;=j jkafka há;, myiqlï h' úfYaIfhka

cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d i`oyd f.ùug isÿ ù

;sfnk wêl ñ< thg fya;= ù ;sfí'Z213

jvd mq¿,a m%fõYh iy;sl lsÍu

kj rch úiska úYajikSh .=Kd;aul m%ñ;shlska

idOdrK ñ<g wka;¾cd, iïnkaO;dj ,nd §fï

wjYH;dj yÿkdf.k ;sfí' fuu wemlemùu ;=<

úfYaIs; uq,msreï folla wvx.= fõ'

uyckhdg fkdñf<a jhs*hs( 2014 foieïnrfha

ksl=;a lrk ,o ffu;%Smd, isßfiakf.a

ckdêm;sjrK m%;sm;a;s m%ldYfhys udOH ksoyi

ms<sno fldgfiys zikaksfõok ;dlaIKh

l<ukdlrKh i|yd iy iudc udOH iudc

hym; msKsi fhdod .ekSug udOH ixj¾Ok

211

213


cd;sl nelafndaka cd,h

http://www.freewifi.lk/hubs.php

http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/google-loon-project-to-cover-sri-lanka-with-3g-internet/

m%;sm;a;shla ieliSuZ wvx.= úh' tys ;snQ tlu

ksYaÑ;j meyeÈ,s fmdfrdkaÿj jQfha Èjhsk mqrd

m%Odk fmdÿ ia:dk lSmhl jhs*hs l,dm we;s

lsÍuhs' fuh l%shd;aul lsÍu 2015 ud¾;= udifha§

úÿ,s ixfoaY l%shdlrejkaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka

wdrïN lrk ,§' f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok

;dlaIK ksfhdað;dh;kh mjik mßÈ 2016

fmnrjdß ueo jk úg tjeks jhs*hs l,dm 206la

msysgqjd ;sfí'214

.+.,a ¨ka yjq,aldß;ajh( 2015 cq,s ui" f;dr;=re

yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK ksfhdað;dh;kh Google Project Loon iu. tlaj Èjhsk mqrd /yeka rys;

fõ.j;a wka;¾cd, iïnkaO;d jHdma; lsÍu

msKsi .+.,a iud.u iu. wjfndaO;d .súiqula

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From TeleGeography Submarine Cable Map at http://www.submarinecablemap.com


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TAXATION AND

BUSINESS REGULATION

DweuqKqï

weuqKqu 1 Sources and Persons consulted

weuqKqu 2 Research Support Team

weuqKqu 3 Summaries of Focus Group Discussions

weuqKqu 4 Recommendations to political parties during General Election 2015

weuqKqu 5 Radio and Television Channels in Sri Lanka

weuqKqu 6 Registered Institutions for Radio and TV Licence in Sri Lanka

weuqKqu 7 Highlights of Public Survey on Mass Media in Sri Lanka 2015


weuqKqu

1Sources and Persons consulted

This study was driven by a combination of literature review, personal interviews with key stakeholders, and

focus group discussions.

The literature review took into account various books, academic papers, advocacy group reports, published news media reports, media op-ed articles, blogs and other sources that are in the public domain. Sources going back to the past 20 years were consulted in some cases, but most were published during the past few years. The key sources and references are given in footnotes.

For the Rapid Assessment conducted during March – April 2015, a number of persons were informally consulted by its author Nalaka Gunawardene through face-to-face interviews, phone calls or emails that elicited information, clarifications and viewpoints. In particular, inputs from the following persons are acknowledged with much gratitude (Designations given are those valid at the time of interviews).

• Karunaratne Paranavithana, Secretary, Ministry of Media

• Dr Charitha Herath, Former Secretary, Ministry of Media and Information

• Wijayananda Jayaweera, Media consultant and media rights advocate

• Toby Mendel, Executive Director, Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD), Canada

• Dr. Pradeep N Weerasinghe, Senior Lecturer in Mass Media Studies, University of Colombo

• Ms Hana Ibrahim, South Asia Free Media Association (SAFMA) – Sri Lanka Chapter

• Ms Dilrukshi Handunnetti, Former Associate Editor, Ceylon Today newspaper

• Asoka Dias, Country Representative, Asian Media Information and Communication Centre (AMIC)

• K W Janaranjana, Chief Editor, Ravaya newspaper

• Sumith Chaaminda, Senior Analyst and Head of Politics, Verite Research

• Arun Arokianathan, Editor, Sudar Oli newspaper

• Sukumar Rockwood, CEO, Press Complaints Commission of Sri Lanka (PCCSL)

• Kumar Lopez, CEO, Sri Lanka Press Institute (SLPI)

• Sam de Silva, Innovation Advisor for Asia, InterNews

• Dileepa Abeysekera, advertising professional

• Ms Sandya Salgado, social marketing professional

• Ranga Kalansooriya, Regional Advisor for Asia, International Media Support (IMS)

For the full assessment, the research team of the Secretariat for Media Reforms interviewed selected media stakeholders using a structured questionnaire and later transcribed them. The following persons granted such interviews (listed in no particular order):


Name Affiliation Interview dateS G Punchihewa Writer, columnist and critic 2015.05.06Dr Rohan Samarajiva Communications scholar; former Director General, Telecom Regulatory Commission Ms Sumithra Rahubaddha Novelist; formerly of Sri Lanka Administrative Service 2015.06.08Jayantha Fernando Director – Legal, ICT Agency 2015.05.29Fred Gamage President, Web Journalists Association 2015.04.27Gairika Perusinghe Former chairman, ITN Sri Lanka 2015.04.28Rosmand Senaratne Former General Manager, Swarnavahini and former chairman, ITN Sri Lanka. 2015.06.17Priyantha Kariyapperuma Former Director General, Telecom Regulatory Commission; Advisor to Siyatha TV 2015.06.17S Sri Kajan Editor, Daily Virakesari 2015.06.14Shan Wijetunge Senior Manager, Advocacy & Public Relations, Transparency International Sri Lanka 2015.04.26C V Wigneswaran Chief Minister of Northern Provincial Council 2015.06.07Lal Kantha Former Member of Parliament, Janatha Vimukthi Paramuna (JVP) 2015.04.27Indika Jayaratne Director (News) - Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) 2015.04.28Ms Krithika Dharmaraja Lecturer, Journalism Unit, University of Jaffna 2015.06.06 Fr Ruban Mariyampillai Visiting lecturer, University of Jaffna 2015.06.06 Susara Dinal Channel Head Sirasa TV 2015.04.21Samira Kalupe Head of Finance and Human Resources. Lanka Broadcasting Network. 2015.04.25 K Kunarasa News Editor, Thinakaran 2015.06.21Kanchana Marasinghe Producer, Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation 2015.04.19Dr. Harsha Wijayawardhana Head of Department/Consultant, University of Colombo School of Computing (UCSC) 2015.04.28H M Jackson Director General (Engineering) Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation 2015.04.21


Newton Gunaratne Former Chairman, ITN 2015.04.29Hema Nalin Karunaratne Managing Director, Heritage TV 2015.04.26Edmond Ranasinghe Former Editor, Divaina and The Island 2015.06.21Vijitha Yapa Former Editor, The Island, Sunday Island and Sunday Times 2015.06.19Mohan Samaranayake Former chairman, Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation; commentator on international affairs 2015.04.28Thilina Samarasooriya Director - Training & Foreign Relations, Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) 2015.04.19Somaratne Dissanayaka Chairman, Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation (incumbent at the time of interview) 2015.04.19Saman Athaudahetti Additional Secretary (Media) to the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka 2015.04.28B K S Ravindra Additional Secretary, Ministry of Mass Media 2015.05.17Charitha Herath Former Secretary, Ministry of Mass Media 2015.05.06Prof Dhammika Ganganath Former chairman of Sri Lanka Rupavahini Dissanayake Corporation and ITN Sri Lanka; 2015.04.17Nanda Muruttetuwegama Chairman, Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation 2015.04.23S M Marikkar Former Channel Head, Sirasa FM 2015.04.22Mr. Sameera Kalupee Head of Finance , HR Lanka Broadcasting Network 2015.05.06Sinha Rathnathunga Chief Editor, Sunday Times 2015.05.17Siri Ranasinghe Chief Editor, Lankadeepa 2015.06.10Mr. Jayantha Frenandu Legal Director of ICTA 2015.05.29Dr.P. Saravanamutthu Director CPA 2015.05.21P. Pradeepan Journalist, Jaffna 2015.04.28T. Mauran Journalist, Jaffna 2015.04.28

In addition, those who participated in the five focus group discussions are named along with summaries in Annex 3.


weuqKqu

2Research Support Team

Valuable research and interview assistance for the Rapid Assessment was provided by Ameer Hussain

who visited and consulted with several Tamil language media organisations and professionals.

For the full report, the following team provided research assistance and support in various ways, working under the overall supervision of Dr Pradeep N’ Weerasinghe, Head, Department of Mass Media, Sri Palee Campus, University of Colombo.

Research Associates:H. P. Sajitha LakmaliKumeshi PrabashiniDilan Singappuli

Research Assistants:Fathima Sharmila Latheef W. A. Lakshiri WijesingheChamodi KaluarachchiDinithi WijerathneNipuna KariyawasamPubudu PathiranaIndira Nawagamuwa


Summary of Focus Group Discussions

weuqKqu

3FocusGroupDiscussionwithNationalCollective of Provincial Journalists (9 June 2015)Participating: Kanchana Kumara Ariyadasa (President); RohanaSiriwardena(Secretary);T M Janoo Kichilan, Treasurer

• Ideally, provincial journalists should be engaged in this pursuit on a full time basis. There are a few among us who manage this by contributing news to multiple media outlets. But most cannot do so as payments for their reporting is very low.

• Media outlets for which we report have little or no obligations to us. We get paid little, and have no other benefits. We have no employment contract or salary details, so cannot even apply for a bank loan. Even when one of us dies, there is no expression of condolences from Colombo media companies.

• Many provincial journalists are known and respected in their areas. They don’t need the media accreditation issued by the government to gain access to sources or events. In some cases, provincial journalists are more influential than local politicians.

• Most provincial journalists have established their trust with sources and can access news and information even without legally guaranteed right to information. But RTI would make it easier and faster.

• Some provincial journalists think that they cannot criticize government officials or


politicians. This is a misconception. The challenge is to gather evidence and report without bias or ideology. Some among us have criticised public officials or politicians even in the state media.

• Sadly, we have no control whatsoever on the news agenda of media companies for whom we report. Some media outlets want our coverage to be centred on local politicians. But we want to focus on people’s problems, issues and solutions.

• We want to evolve into a Provincial Journalists Cooperative, with legal status and registration with the government’s Department of Cooperatives. Such an entity can collectively support welfare and professional development of provincial journalists.

• Provincial journalists need an enabling environment in which they can carry out their journalism activities with freedom, dignity and self-respect. We are not Samurdhi beneficiaries (recipients of poverty alleviation cash transfers from government), so don’t wish to be treated as such by anyone!

• We need to regular upgrading of our knowledge and skills. While occasional training workshops are useful, we would like to see a more systematic effort in capacity building.

• We are struggling to get organised. Even registering our collective has been delayed for 3 years by bureaucratic procedures. Eventually, we want to evolve to a trade union.

• We are concerned by some media outlets promoting any citizen to report their local events through videos captured using mobile phones. Having a smartphone does not make anyone a journalist. A reporter needs to have some grounding in ethics, too.

• Our long-term vision is to develop our own provincial newspapers and community radio services, so we can cover our local stories in greater depth and detail. Market viability of such media is a huge challenge. A cooperative can provide the financial foundation needed for such ventures.

FocusGroupDiscussionwithSriLankaMuslim Media Forum (8 June 2015)Participating: M S Ameen Hussain (Media trainer and consultant);JavedMunawwer(AssistantTreasurer); Thaha Muzamil (Vice President)

• Our media is divided along linguistic, religious and political lines. We need media reforms to overcome these divisions and evolve as an industry.

• Journalists in Sri Lanka face many difficulties in the line of their work. There are laws, regulations and procedures in government that restrict information. We are hopeful that when the Right to Information law is enacted, this situation will improve.

• Public officials have historically been trained to restrict, not share, public


information. They go to great lengths to block information. We need a change of such attitudes.

• Journalists have devised ways of accessing even restricted information, but they face enormous risks in reporting such information related to corruption, political scandals and administrative blunders, etc. Ensuring the safety of journalists and media organisations is a vital part of promoting democracy.

• Many restrictions were imposed during the civil war on freedom of expression. Now, more than six years after the war ended, why are these curbs being continued? We are no longer under Emergency Regulations. But some public sector procedures introduced during the war continue. These need to be changed.

• The 19th Amendment to the Constitution is a progressive step forward: it also recognized the right to information as a fundamental right. But we need public education on how to assert these rights in the public interest.

• Ideally, we should have an effective system of self-regulation in our media so that the state does not need to get involved. We have the Press Complaints Commission (PCCSL) since 2003, but it is not yet a fully effective system – because it is voluntary, not obligatory, to abide by its rulings. Perhaps PCCSL should be empowered to impose fines or have other punitive powers on media that does not correct proven lapses.

• Editorial freedom is under siege in Sri Lanka from state and corporate sources. There is regular interference by politicians and advertisers. We need laws to guarantee editorial freedom of journalists and editors.

• We also need a complaints mechanism and self-regulatory body for radio and television broadcasters in Sri Lanka. During 2009-2011, some discussions were held on setting up such a body, but it has not happened.

• Just as we demand and expect greater transparency in the government, we also need greater transparency in the media sector itself. For example, appointments and promotions in many media companies lack clear policies and procedures.

• We need to better engage and involve readers and audiences in how media content is determined and produced. Right now, we have mostly passive media consumers.

• Some private media companies do not pay EPF, ETF (pension benefits) to their journalists. Journalists in many private media are not allowed to join trade unions or participate in union activities.

• Our journalists need training and capacity building in knowledge, skills and ethics but this is not going to be accomplished by random short-duration workshops. We need a more systematic approach to training. Some media organisations and journalists do not see the value of training, so we need to promote the demand side too.


• No matter how hard we try to train journalists, some of them have an attitude problem (that they don’t need any training). This must change.

• Media owners probably don’t like their journalists’ capacity being built and the standard of journalism going up – because then journalists will have to be paid better!

• We do not have media pluralism in Sri Lanka today. We have many outlets, but they are driven by a certain, narrow agenda.

FocusGroupDiscussionwithSriLankaPress Association (8 June 2015)Participating: Upul Janaka Jayasinghe (National Organiser); Narendra Rajapakse (Vice President); Pushpa Ilangantilake, (Executive Committee member)

• There are huge labour rights and HR issues in media companies. Many journalists are employed without a letter of appointment. There is widespread exploitation.

• All journalists should be issued with a letter of appointment, and the Code of Ethics for journalists gazetted in 1981 can be part of that letter.

• Code of Ethics is not respected or heeded by most media in Sri Lanka. The Editors’ Guid has taken it forward to some extent, and got most newspapers to commit to the

Right of Reply. But how many newspapers actually respect that right? Not many.

• Promotion of media freedom should be accompanied by a proper regulation of media as well as an ethically responsible media. We can learn much from India on this.

• We have concerns whether Press Complaints Commission is sufficiently empowered to act when a media outlet violates ethics and defames individuals or entities. In our view, the PCCSL itself needs to be monitored and regulated.

• We need an independent media commission. There should be no state or government representatives or nominees in that commission. All commissioners should be competent and respected individuals, and they should serve a single, fixed term (2 years).

• There needs to be a minimum qualification to enter journalism. Such national media qualification should be quality assessed and certified. It should become mandatory for all those who wish to work in the media from 2015 onwards.

• Every media company should be required to adopt its own code of ethics, which should be disclosed to the public. Media consumers can then assess their conduct against it.

• Every media company should also have their own Ombudsman who can look into staff grievances and reader complaints, and resolve as many of these as possible at that level.


• Salaries of journalists and other media workers should be linked to educational qualifications and training certification. Salary increments should take into account the acquisition of new skills and competencies.

• Media companies should ideally standardize their salary scales. This would prevent some companies ‘poaching’ journalists from another company by paying a few thousand rupees more.

• Media freedom is most restricted by media owners. So the media reform process needs to become a movement that involves everyone – media employees, managers, owners, regulators and media consuming public.

• Journalists and other media workers in Sri Lanka are not properly organised or united when compared to other sectors like banking. We need a strong alliance that can network and unify 15 media associations.

• The journalist in Sri Lanka lacks dignity and self-respect. Most don’t take pride in their profession. This needs to be changed slowly by raising professional standards of media.

• State advertisements are given only to selected media companies, which creates market anomalies. There is, in fact, a Cabinet memorandum that says state sector advertisements should only be given to state media. This needs to be revisited and clarified.

FocusGroupDiscussionwithSriLankaWorking Journalists Association (4 June 2015)Participating: Lasantha Ruhunage (President); Kanchana Marasinghe (Vice President)

• Airwaves are a public property, so everyone who uses spectrum needs to be accountable to the public. Broadcasters cannot do whatever they please with their licenses.

• Broadcast regulation does not mean regulating their editorial content. It is the use of spectrum and overall balance and ethical conduct that needs regulation.

• Telecom Regulatory Commission (TRC) has not managed the frequency spectrum well. We need an independent broadcast commission to cover licensing, spectrum management and overall regulation of the broadcast industry. We need to streamline the status quo before moving into digital broadcasting.

• There is a code of ethics – the Code of Professional Practice – adopted by the Editors’ Guild of Sri Lanka. But we wonder how many of the editors, even those who were involved in adopting this Code, actually practise it in their own daily media work?

• We have media associations and societies, but need to evolve into a media sector trade union. We highlighted this as a key point in the “Charter for a Democratic and Pluralist Media Culture and Social


and Professional Rights for Media and Journalism in Sri Lanka” that we drafted in 2005 and is known as the Tholangamuwa Declaration.

• We need to ensure that journalists and other media workers are free to form trade unions in their work places and/or join existing trade unions without fearing repercussions from their employers or loss of jobs.

• We realize that many media owners today acknowledge the need for media reforms. We need their support and participation for media reforms to succeed.

• We have to move beyond placard-carrying, slogan-shouting kind of trade union activism to one that is based on negotiations with all stakeholders including media owners. Sri Lanka Press Institute is the platform we have for this.

• We need letters of appointment for all journalists and other media workers, but that is not enough. The power equation between owner and individual employee is not a balanced one. Thus we need to develop collective agreements with media owners. This practice is commonplace in other industries, so why not in the media?

• Much of what happens inside our media companies is done informally through connections and favours. Some journalists are happy with this and don’t see the need to organize as a trade union. But we need such evolution to professionalize the sector.

• The state-owned Press Council of Sri Lanka should be abolished, and the Press Council Act should also be repealed or

replaced. But we recognise the need for a complaints mechanism for media, so we have to strengthen the Press Complaints Commission.

• We don’t yet have laws guaranteeing the protection of media’s sources. But courts in Sri Lanka have recognized that journalists need not disclose their sources. Our entire media industry is based on trust and confidentiality we can offer sources disclosing information in the public interest.

FocusGroupDiscussionattheJaffnaPressClub (2 May 2015)Participating: DharmapalanVinojit,VigneshwaranKajeevan, Rathnam Dayabaran and Sriramachandran Mayudaran

• In a multicultural society like ours, the media can either promote ethnic harmony or divide people. National reconciliation is still not a priority for all our media. This is because most media have no clear policy on reconciliation.

• Compared to the situation in other areas of Sri Lanka, media freedom of media practitioners in the Northern Province is still lagging behind and problematic.

• Even after the change of government in January 2015, Northern journalists continue to experience threats and arrests due to their professional work. We are not free to report or comment on the ground realities of Jaffna and the Northern


Province in our media.• There are political and societal factors

inhibiting free and open reporting in the Northern Province. This does not serve our media consuming public or the media industry.

• We are not seeking freedom to do whatever we please. All we ask is that we be allowed to report based on journalistic principles and ethics. Is that too much to ask for?

• We have pressures from outside as well as from within the media industry. Sometimes we as reporters are not allowed to cover all aspects of a given incident or issue. We have to risk our jobs and even life and limb to give the full story to our public.

• In spite of these limitations, we are committed to upholding the public interest as much as we can. We have built up resilience during the war years and are not easily deterred.

• We try not only to highlight problems that the Northern people face, but also look for solutions. We cannot solve many problems but advocate certain measures that need to be taken by government, business or civil society.

• We feel isolated from the rest of media community in Sri Lanka. We have tried very hard to engage, but the (southern) media community does not seem to reciprocate.

• Looking at the Lankan media as a whole, there still is considerable stereotyping of ethnic and religious minorities. During the war, some newspapers equated all Tamils

as Tigers. While this no longer happens, old prejudices are lingering among some journalists and editors. Our society and media community are both polarized along ethnic lines.

• There is a need for more robust and better organised regional or provincial level media in Sri Lanka. Why should the media industry remain so concentrated around Colombo?

• Against many odds, we are working hard to sustain several local level newspapers in Jaffna. We try to cover local news, but our analysis and commentary is not narrowly focused on our areas. We try to adopt a national perspective where needed.

• There is something like a ‘class divide’ between the national level media and the provincial or local level media in Sri Lanka. The former gets all the recognition and easier access, but the latter has to struggle to even get noticed! In a healthy media ecosystem, we should have room for both these kinds to co-exist and thrive.

• We recognise that there are gaps in the professionalism of provincial journalists. We are keen to improve our professionalism for which we need all the help we can get.

• Media demands accountability from everyone else in society, but we in the media must also be accountable to the public. For this we need media regulation. Readers and audiences need to have mechanisms through which they can comment or complain about specific media content or any violations of media ethics.


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4Statement on Freedom of Expression and Media FreedomFor the attention of political parties contesting in General Election 2015

Issued on 21 July 2015 in Colombo by:Secretariat for Media ReformsSri Lanka Press Institute (SLPI)Free Media Movement (FMM)Sri Lanka Working Journalists’ Association (SLWJA)Sri Lanka Press AssociationJaffna Press ClubSri Lanka Muslim Media Forum National Alliance of Provincial JournalistsNational Alliance of Community BroadcastersYoung Journalists Association

Since the Presidential Election on 8 January 2015, some progress has been made with regards to freedom of expression (FOE) and media freedom in Sri Lanka. These include: steps being taken to end threats against and pressure on media organisations and journalists; the unblocking of political websites that were arbitrarily blocked; the 19th Amendment to the Constitution recognizing the right of access to information as a fundamental right; and the government extending an open invitation to exiled journalists to return to Sri Lanka.

Media advocacy groups presenting priority recommendations for media reforms ahead of General Election 2015

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But much more remains to be done to improve FOE and media freedom situation in Sri Lanka, and to ensure a more conducive environment for the media. Such policy, legal and structural reforms would require the political will of all political parties in the next Parliament of Sri Lanka.

In view of this, we urge the political parties contesting in the General Election to be held on 17 August 2015 to give a firm commitment to the following specific measures for meaningful media freedom and reforms.

These are not listed in any order of priority.

1. Right to Information: A right to information law, which gives individuals the right to access information held by public authorities, should be adopted. The new Parliament should pass, on a priority basis, the Right to Information Bill that was finalised in May 2015 with inputs from media stakeholders.

2. Media Self-Regulation: The Press Council Act No. 5 of 1973 should be repealed, and the government-controlled Press Council should

be abolished. The self-regulatory body established in 2003 by the media industry, known as the Press Complaints Commission of Sri Lanka (PCCSL), should be strengthened and ideally its scope should be expanded to cover the broadcast media as well.

3. LawReviewandRevision:Civil and criminal laws that pose various restrictions on media freedom should be reviewed and revised to bring them into line with international standards regarding freedom of expression. Such laws include the Prevention of Terrorism Act, the Official Secrets Act, sedition laws, and the rules on contempt of court and Parliamentary privileges.

4. Crimes Against Journalists: An independent Commission of Inquiry should be created with a mandate and adequate powers to investigate past killings of, threats to, disappearances of and other attacks on journalists, media workers and media outlets, with a view to ensuring that those responsible are prosecuted and that appropriate compensation is paid to the victims and their families.


5. Broadcast Regulation: Comprehensive legislation on broadcasting should be adopted in line with international guarantees of freedom of expression. This should provide for, among other things, proper planning in relation to the frequencies allocated to broadcasting, including through the digital transition, a three-tier system of broadcasting which recognises public, commercial and community broadcasters, and obligations on broadcasters to be balanced and impartial in their coverage of politics and other matters of public concern. An independent Broadcasting Authority should be set up to regulate the entire broadcasting sector in the public interest. This regulator should ensure a fair, pluralistic and efficient broadcasting system.

6. Community Broadcasting: The broadcasting regulation to be introduced should support the development of community broadcasting services owned and operated by communities through clear definitions of what constitutes a community broadcaster, a tailored licensing process, and lower fees for frequency allocation and other concessions.

7. Restructuring State Media: The three State broadcasters – the Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation (SLRC), the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) and the Independent Television Network (ITN) – should be transformed into independent public service broadcasters which enjoy editorial independence, have

Seetha Ranjani, Convenor of Free Media Movement, speaks at press conference on media reforms, 21 July 2015

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a clear mandate to serve the public and benefit from public funding which does not compromise their independence. Measures should also be taken to ensure that Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited (ANCL or Lake House) can operate independently of government and enjoy editorial freedom. A public consultation should determine the most appropriate way forward.

8. Preventing Censorship: No prior censorship should be imposed on the media. Where necessary, courts can review media content for legality after publication on an urgent basis. Laws and regulations that permit censorship – including the Public Performance Ordinance – should be reviewed and amended to bring them into line with international standards.

9. No Blocking Political Websites: There should be no attempts to limit online content or social media activities contravening fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution and international conventions. Restrictions on illegal content may be imposed only through an independent judicial process

which ensures that fundamental rights to access information and freedom of expression are not hindered.

10. Privacy and Surveillance: The state should respect and protect the privacy of all citizens. There should be strict limits to the state surveillance of private individuals’ and entities’ telephone conversations and electronic communications. In exceptional situations, such surveillance should only be permitted with judicial oversight and according to a clear set of guidelines.

Contacts:Dr Pradeep N Weerasinghe and Ms Kumari WelagederaSecretariat for Media Reforms Email: [email protected] Web: www.sardglobal.org


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5Radio and Television Channels in Sri Lanka

(Source: Lanka Market Research Bureau, 2015)

Channel name LanguageE FM EnglishFox FM EnglishGold FM EnglishKiss FM EnglishLegends 96.6 EnglishLite 87 EnglishRadio SL EnglishReal FM EnglishRed FM EnglishSun FM EnglishTNL Radio EnglishYes FM EnglishBuddhist SinhalaCity FM SinhalaFM Derana SinhalaHiru FM Sinhala

Channel name LanguageIsira FM SinhalaLak FM SinhalaLakhanda SinhalaNeth FM SinhalaRan FM SinhalaRangiri Dambulu SinhalaRhythm FM SinhalaSeth FM SinhalaShaa FM SinhalaShree FM SinhalaSinha FM SinhalaSirasa FM SinhalaSith FM SinhalaSiyatha FM SinhalaSLBC Commercial SinhalaSLBC National SinhalaV FM SinhalaVidula SinhalaVIP Sinhala

Channel name LanguageY FM SinhalaYou FM SinhalaShakthi FM Tamil Sooriyan FM TamilTamil FM Tamil Thendral TamilTherai FM Tamil Thesiya/Varthaka TamilVarnam FM Tamil Vasantham TamilYAL FM Tamil

SLBC’s Regional LanguageRadio Services Kandurata SinhalaRajarata SinhalaRuhuna SinhalaUva SinhalaWayamba Sinhala

Television channels Broadcast Language methodART TV Terrestrial EnglishCCTV International Terrestrial EnglishChannel Eye Terrestrial English/TamilCSN/Carlton Terrestrial English/SinhalaETV Terrestrial EnglishHiru TV Terrestrial SinhalaITN Terrestrial English/SinhalaMTV Sports (renamed in 2016 as TV 1) Terrestrial EnglishNethra Terrestrial SinhalaNTV Terrestrial English

Television channels Broadcast Language method Rangiri Sri Lanka Terrestrial SinhalaRupavahini Terrestrial SinhalaShakthi TV Terrestrial TamilSirasa TV Terrestrial SinhalaSiyatha TV Terrestrial SinhalaSwarnavahini Terrestrial SinhalaThe Buddhist Terrestrial SinhalaTNL Terrestrial SinhalaTV Derana Terrestrial SinhalaVarnam TV Terrestrial TamilVasantham TV Terrestrial TamilYOU TV Terrestrial English


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6Radio and Television Channels in Sri Lanka

Registered Institutions for Radio or TV Licences in Sri Lanka

This table is adapted from Ministry of Media website, with a few annotations added. However, data accuracy is not independently verified. Accessed on 31 January 2016 from:

http://www.media.gov.lk/images/pdf_word/licensed-institutions-tv-radio.pdf

It is not clear from this table which of the licensees have not yet commenced or sustained broadcast operations.

Licensee Type of Licence Issue date Remarks

1 Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation Radio Legacy Sri Lanka Broadcasting (fully state-owned) Authorised by Act of broadcaster Corporation Act Parliament No 37 of 19662 Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation Terrestrial TV Legacy Sri Lanka Rupavahini (fully state-owned) Authorised by Act of broadcaster Corporation Act Parliament No 6 of 19823 Independent Television Network Terrestrial TV Legacy Company wholly ITN Sri Lanka broadcaster owned by the (State-owned enterprise) government of Sri Lanka4 Colombo Communication (Pvt) Ltd., Radio 01.04.1992 later transferred to EAP Network Terrestrial TV 28.07.1993 (Pvt) Ltd 5 Maharaja Organization (Pvt) Ltd Radio 12.05.1992 Terrestrial TV 6 Teleshan Network (Pvt) Ltd Radio 08.10.1992 Terrestrial TV 7 IWS Holding (Pvt) Ltd Terrestrial TV 11.01.1995 Direct-to-Home (DTH) 31.10.1997 8 Asia Broadcasting Corporation Radio 17.11.1995 Licence is reissued on (Pvt) Ltd Terrestrial TV 16.05.2008 21.02.20089 Television and Radio Network Terrestrial TV 30.05.1996 Radio Cable TV



10 Grant Communication (Pvt) Ltd Cable TV 15.07.199611 The Southern Development Cable TV 24.10.1996 Authority (Pvt) Ltd Pay TV 12 Dynavision (Pvt) Ltd Direct-to-Home 31.10.1997 (DTH) Terrestrial TV 13 Ru Ras Lanka (Pvt) Ltd Radio 01.01.200414 Asset Radio Broadcasting (Pvt) Ltd Radio 09.02.2004 Changed name from 18.06.2007 to TV (Satellite) Dialog Television Pvt Ltd Cable15 Power House (Pvt) Ltd Radio 29.02.2004 Terrestrial TV 19.10.2005 16 MGM Networks (Pvt) Ltd Radio 14.09.2005 Changed name to MGMR Network Terrestrial TV Pvt Ltd from 10.11.2006) 17 Lanka Television Network (Pvt) Ltd Radio 18.01.2006 Changed name to Dumee Terrestrial TV International (Pvt) Ltd 18 Voice of Asia Network (Pvt) Ltd Radio 16.02.2006 Terrestrial TV 14.05.2004 Cable TV Satellite TV 19 People’s Media Network (Pvt) Ltd Radio 31.05.2006 Terrestrial TV 20 Rangiri Sri Lanka Media Network Radio 09.10.2006 (Pvt) Ltd Terrestrial TV 16.08.201121 Sky TV and Radio Network (Pvt) Ltd Satellite TV/Cable Tv 12.12.2006 (Amended date) (23.02.2007) 22 Lanka Broad Band Network (Pvt) Ltd Cable TV 29.03.2007 23 Sri Lanka Telecom (Pvt) Ltd Internet Protocol 09.04.2007 Television (IPTV)



24 Lak Viru TV and Radio Network Radio 12.04.2007 (Pvt) Ltd 25 Lak View Broadcasting (Pvt) Ltd Radio 25.05.2007 Terrestrial TV 26 The Buddhist Broadcasting Service Satellite TV 22.06.2007 27 Sat Net (Pvt) Ltd Radio 19.07.2007 Terrestrial TV 28 Friend Media (Pvt) Ltd Regional Radio 16.10.2007 29 Tharunyata Hetak Media Network Radio 25.02.2008 Cancelled (Pvt) Ltd (Canceling date) (23.05.2008) 30 LTTE Peace Secretariat Radio 11.11.2002 Cancelled on 07.01.2009 31 Tea Small Holding Development Radio 08.12.2000 Cancelled 32 Yellow Win Media (Pvt) Ltd Radio 18.03.2008 Terrestrial TV 33 Future Sat Com Holding (Pvt) Ltd Terrestrial TV 13.05.2008 34 VIS Broadcasting Network Pvt Ltd Radio 16.05.2008 Terrestrial TV 35 Mobitel (Pvt) Ltd Mobile TV 24.06.2008 36 Sri Global Television Company Radio 27.11.2008 Terrestrial TV 37 City Cable Links (Pvt) Ltd Cable TV 19.01.2009 To be operated in Colombo Municipal Council area 38 Ask Media (Pvt) Ltd Terrestrial TV 22.06.2010 39 Carlton Sports Network (Pvt) Ltd Terrestrial TV 03.03.2011 40 Ritz Asia (Pvt) Ltd Terrestrial TV 03.03.2011 41 Lanka Cable and Satellite Network Cable TV 24.02.2011


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7Highlights of the Public Perceptions Survey 2015

The sample of the study consisted of randomly selected 800 respondents, representing Sinhalese and Tamils.

The survey was conducted between July and October 2015, in all the provinces of Sri Lanka. A structured questionnaire was developed in both languages to collect data for the survey (i.e. Sinhala and Tamil). Telephone interviews and field surveys were administered to collect data. The survey team comprised students and lecturers of mass media at Colombo University’s Sri Palee Campus.

Preferred language

Survey respondents were asked about their preferred language of the media messages.

Table 1:Preferred language of the media messages

Language No. of respondents %

Sinhala 514 64.3 Tamil 223 27.9 English 63 7.8 Total 800 100

Asked if language was a barrier for accessing media messages, 73% said no and 27% answered yes. This suggests that a majority of respondents find media messages delivered in their preferred languages.

Credibility of media messages

When asked how they ranked the level of credibility of media content they consumed, a

majority of respondents opted for the ‘neutral’ answer. Table 2 summarises these answers.

Table 2: Credibility of media messages

Credibility ranking No of respondents %

Highly credible 32 4.0Fairly credible 344 43.3Neutral 392 48.9Not very credible 12 1.4Totally not credible 20 2.4Total 800 100

The most trusted types of media

Most respondents said they trusted television the most (56%), followed by newspapers (20%) and the Internet (21%). There is a trend among the young generation to turn to the Internet as a source of news and information. Notably, radio’s trust levels are very low among this sample.

Table 3: The most trusted medium

Most trusted media type No of respondents %

Internet 169 21.1TV 448 56.0Radio 16 1.9Newspaper 160 20.1Gossip 7 0.9Total 800 100

In addition, Table 4 reveals that the most influence medium is television (52%), followed by the Internet (24%). Importantly, the Internet is already more influential than newspapers or radio.


Table4:Themostinfluencingmedia

Most persuasive media No. of respondents %

Gossip 33 4.1Internet 195 24.4TV 412 51.5Newspaper 133 16.6Radio 27 3.4Total 800 100.0

Freedom to express ideas through media

Respondents were asked whether they have an opportunity to express their ideas freely through mass media. A clear majority felt there was no such freedom.

Table 5: Freedom to express ideas through media

Freedom to express ideas No of respondents %

Yes 231 28.8No 569 71.2Total 800 100.0

Usage of foreign media for information

Despite there being a multitude of national and local media outlets, a sizeable number of the sample also uses foreign media.

Table 6: Usage of foreign media for information

Usage of foreign media No. of respondents %

Yes 341 42.6No 459 57.4Total 800 100.0

Furthermore, more than two thirds of respondents have trust on the foreign information sources.

Table 7: Trust on foreign sources

Trust on foreign sources No. of respondents %

Yes 540 67.5No 260 32.5Total 800 100.0

Sources of everyday information

Table 8a and table 8b show how state and private media sources are used as sources for everyday information. In terms of the state media, television (63%) plays is the most significant source for everyday information, followed by print media (61%) and radio channels (40%).


Print media Radio channel TV channel No. of No. of No. of respondents % respondents % respondents %Yes 484 60.5 322 40.3 503 62.9No 316 39.5 478 59.7 297 37.1Total 800 100.0 800 100.0 800 100.0

Table 8a: State sector sources


The same view is shown even in the private media sources (Table 8b) - respondents highly depend on television (68%), than the

Print media Radio channel TV channel No. of No. of No. of respondents % respondents % respondents %Yes 444 55.5 358 44.7 545 68.1No 356 44.5 442 55.3 255 31.9Total 800 100.0 800 100.0 800 100.0

Table 8b: Private sector sources


Table 8c shows that social media is used for everyday information by close to a third of the sample.

Table 8c: Social media source

Use social No. of respondents %media source

Yes 250 31.3No 550 68.7Total 800 100.0

Table 8d shows that mobile phone and SMS are used significantly for everyday information by 44.1% of respondents.

Table8d:MobilePhonesandSMSnewsalert

Use mobile phones No. of respondents %andSMSnewsalert

Yes 354 44.2No 446 55.8Total 800 100.0

other information sources i.e. print media 56% and radio (45%) for their everyday information.


Public meetings have ceased to be sources of everyday information for most people.

Table 8e: Public Meetings for everyday information

Public Meetings for No. of respondents % everyday information

Yes 84 10.5No 716 89.5Total 800 100.0

Medialiteracy:Awarenessofmediaownership

Table 9 shows the media ownership awareness of the respondents. Accordingly, most respondents are aware that media is owned by the state and private sectors (73%).

Table9:MediaOwnership

MediaOwnership No.ofrespondents %

State only 90 11.2Private sector only 16 2.0State and private sector 586 73.3Public 108 13.5Total 800 100.0

TrustinTVandRadionewsRespondents were further asked if they trusted news on television and radio news. Results show that 37% of the respondents have no trust on television and radio news while 39% of are neutral. Only 24% said they trusted radio or television news.

Table10:TrustonTVandRadionews

Trust on TV and No. of respondents %Radionews

Yes 192 24.0No 295 36.9Neutral 313 39.1Total 800 100.0

In addition, it was examined whether respondents are satisfied with the television and radio news. Table 11 shows that only 22% of the respondents are satisfied with the news on television and radio, while majority of the respondents are not satisfied (41%).

Table 11: Satisfaction of TV and Radio program

Satisfaction of TV and No. of respondents %Radio program

Yes 178 22.3No 331 41.4Neutral 291 36.3Total 800 100.0

InfluencesontheNews

Influences on the content of news were examined in two perspectives: influence of the government and of private sector ownership. Table 12a areveals the influence of the government on the content of the state owned media news. Accordingly, it shows that 61% of the respondents have an attitude that government influences the content of the news of the state owned media.


Table12a:Governmentinfluencesoncontentofstateownedmedianews

Governmentinfluenceson No.ofrespondents %contentofnews

Strongly agree 180 22.5Agree 307 38.4Strongly Disagree 182 22.8Disagree 51 6.4No Idea 80 9.9Total 800 100.0

Table 12b shows the attitudes of the respondents on the content of the news of private owned media: only 46% of respondents believe that private media owners have an influence on the content of the news.

Table12b:PrivateSectorownerinfluencesonthecontentofnews

PrivateSectorowner No.ofrespondents %influencesonthecontentofnews


Opportunity for complaining on media content

There are no sufficient opportunities for making complaints against any misleading or offensive media content: only 33% of respondents agreed that there are opportunities for complaining against media content.

Table 13: Opportunity for complaints

Opportunities are No. of respondents %available for complaintsagainst media outlets



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