'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k laLFkku] cM+kSr ¼m0iz0½ esa laxzghr

izkphu Hkkjrh; eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed v/;;u

v/;{k Mªkabx ,.M isfUVax foHkkx

Mªkabx ,.M isfUVax foHkkx] dyk ladk;] Mh-bZ-vkbZ-]

dyk ladk;] Mh-bZ-vkbZ-] n;kyckx+] vkxjkA

n;kyckx+] vkxjkA

'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k laLFkku] cM+kSr ¼m0iz0½ esa laxzghr

izkphu Hkkjrh; eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed v/;;u

v/;{k Mªkabx ,.M isfUVax foHkkx

Mªkabx ,.M isfUVax foHkkx] dyk ladk;] Mh-bZ-vkbZ-]

dyk ladk;] Mh-bZ-vkbZ-] n;kyckx+] vkxjkA

n;kyckx+] vkxjkA

v/;{k] laL—r foHkkx

dyk ladk;] Mh-bZ-vkbZ- n;kyckx+] vkxjkA

'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k laLFkku] cM+kSr ¼m0iz0½ esa laxzghr

izkphu Hkkjrh; eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed v/;;u

¼d½

¼[k½

'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k laLFkku] cM+kSr ¼m0iz0½ esa laxzghr

izkphu Hkkjrh; eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed v/;;u

ckY;dky ls gh vius ns'k esa pyus okys eqækvksa vkSj djsalh uksVksa dks vPNh rjg

ls igpkurs gSA bUgsa iSlk vkSj #i;k dgrs gSA bldk ç;ksx fou;e ds fy, gksrk gSA

çkphu dky ls gh blds çpyu dks rFkk :iksa esa dykRed ifjorZu dks ns[krs gSaA tks

gekjs Hkkjrh; lkaLÑfrd] vkÆFkd] HkwxkSfyd o ,sfrgkfld ifjp; dk ?kksrd gSA _Xosn

dh ,d _pk ¼nksgs½ esa mYysf[kr&

vFkkZr~ baæ dh ,d ewÆr dk ewY;] ftls ,d _f"k dk ewY;] ftls ,d _f"k

cspuk pkgrs Fks] nl xk; crk;k x;k gSA oSfnd lkfgR; esa dqN vU; 'kCn tSls uh"d]

'kreku vkfn dh ppkZ gqbZ gS ftls dqN yksx eqækvksa ds :i esa vuqeku djrs gSA

dyk mRifÙk ds ewy esa gesa lkaLÑfrd Hkkouk dh ç/kkurk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA vkfne

;qx esa euq"; us ikÆFko oLrqvksa dks vk/;kfRed :i nsus ds fy, vkdk'k] i`Foh] xzg]

u{k=] ufn;k¡] ioZr vkSj lnhZ&xehZ vkfn ds jgL;ksa dks vk¡dus dk p;u fd;k muls

mu lHkh oLrqvksa esa ,d vn`'; 'kfDr dh dYiuk dhA

dyk dk fodkl le;kuqlkj fujUrj ifjoÆrr gksrk jgk gS vkSj mldh Hkk"kk]

vFkZ cnyrs x;sA dyk ,d ,slk ek/;e gS tks gesa ml le; ds Hkko vkSj fopkjksa ls

voxr djkrs gSA ;gh dyk gesa gj oLrq esa ns[kus dks feyrh gS pkgs oks fp=]

fHkÙkh&fp=] xzUFk&fp=] ewÆrf'kYi dyk] okLrqdyk ;k eqæk,sa gksA flU/kq ?kkVh lH;rk ls

ysdj vkt rd bu eqækvksa ds fofHké :i le;≤ ds vuqlkj ifjoÆrr gksrs jgs gSA

,d dykdkj bu eqævksa esa cuh :iksa dh dykRed vfHkO;fä çLrqr djrk gS ;s :i

çrhd fpUg rRdkfyd laLÑfr ds vuqlkj tSls&i'kq&i{kh] ouLifr] isM+&ikS/ks] pØ]

igkM+] nsoh&nsorkvksa] jktk vkfn gksrs FksA

vuqla/kku ds nkSjku jk"Vªh; laxzgky;] ubZ fnYyh esa eqækvksa ds fo"k; ij lsfeukj

py jgk FkkA ftls eSaus ml lsfeukj dks Jksrk cu dj lqukA ml nkSjku 'kgt+kn jk;

'kks/k laLFkku ds funs“kd vfer jk; tSu ls eqykdkr gqà A okrkZ ds nkSjku muls irk

pyk dh eqækvksa ds vius ekSfyd xq.kksa ds dkj.k gh mldk lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed

egÙo gSA

vr% eSaus 'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k laLFkku] cM+kSr ¼mŒçŒ½ esa laxzfgr eqækvksa dks ns[kus

dk eu cuk;k vkSj ogk¡ ij eSaus ik;k fd gj jktoa'k dh eqækvksa dh vyx&vyx

fo'ks"krk;sa gS vkSj mu eqækvksa dk ,d dykRed i{k Hkh gSA blh çdkj rduhdh i{k Hkh

budk cnyrk jgk gSA eSaus vius fo"k; esa ^^ekS;Z jktoa'k ls xqIr jktoa'k** rd dh

eqækvksa dks gh ysrs gq, muds lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed i{k dks çLrqr djus dk fopkj

cuk;k gSA ftlds vUrxZr dqN eqækvksa esa Li"V :i ns[kus dks feys gSA mnkgj.k&

xqIrdky dh dyk ds mRÑ"V uewus rRdkyhu lksus ds eqækvksa esa mRdh.kZ vkÑfr;ksa esa Hkh

feyrs gSA bl dky dh dyk esa LFkwy 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekaly lkSUn;Z viuh pjekoLFkk dks

igq¡pkA blh çdkj xqIrdky esa vydaj.k lTtk eqækvksa dk 'kkL=h; <ax ls fp=.k]

vkRek dk vkºykniw.kZ lkSUn;Z] 'kkfUrLFk çÑfr ds g"kZ&veZ"k vkfn dh vfHkO;fä esa

Hkkjrh; dyk viuh çkS<+koLFkk dks igq¡phA

%&

eqæk'kkL= ,d foKku gSA blds Kku ls ,sfrgkfld] lkaLÑfrd rF;ksa dk fuekZ.k

gksrk gSA vaxzsth ds U;wfeLesfVDl ¼Numismatics½ 'kCn dh mRifÙk xzhd ukseksl

¼Nomos½ o ysfVu U;wfeLe ¼Numisma½ ls gqbZ gSA çkphu lkfgR; esa mls ^^eqæk**

dgk x;k gSA vaxzsth esa mls ^^dkW,u** ¼Coin½ dgrs gSA tks Ýsap Hkk"kk ds 'kCn ^^dkW,u**

¼Coygne½ ls cuk gSA Hkkjr dh jktuhfrd] lkekftd] vkÆFkd] /kkÆed] lkaLÑfrd

vkSj dyk lEcU/kh tkudkjh ds fy, çkphu eqæk,sa cgqr mi;ksxh fl) gq, gSaA

Hkkjr dh lcls çkphu eqæk,¡ pk¡nh dh cuh gSA bUgsa ge ^^vkgr** ;k vaxzsth esa

^iapekdZM flDdk** ¼Punch Marked Coin½ dgrs gS bUgsa ;s uke blfy, fn;k x;k

gS D;ksafd bu eqækvksa ij vyx&vyx mRdh.kZ fpUg ¼Symbol½] vyx&vyx BIikas

¼Punch½ ls Bksds x;s gSA fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa vkgr eqækvksa dh 'kq:vkr] NBÈ

'krkCnh bZlk iwoZ esa gqbZ tcfd dqN fo}ku bls ik¡poh 'krkCnh bZlk iwoZ esa j[krs gS vkSj

dqN vU; bldh 'kq:vkr vkSj iwoZ ls ekurs gSA

Hkkjr esa çkphu eqækvksa ij egRoiw.kZ xzUFk loZçFke 1891 esa vysDts.Mj dfua?ke

egksn; us çdkf'kr fd;k FkkA Hkkjrh; flDds ,d ,sfrgkfld ifjp;] vfers'oj >k]

Coins] çes'ojh yky xqIr }kjk çdkf'kr iqLrdksa dk xgu v/;;u fd;k o dyk

lkexzh o eqækvksa ls lEcfU/kr tkudkjh ,df=r djus ds fy, eSaus fp=&lwph] 'kks/k i=

if=dk;sa] nLrkost] csolkbV o Hkkjrh; dyk Hkou] okjk.klh ¼mŒçŒ½] eFkqjk laxzgky;]

eFkqjk ¼mŒçŒ½] jk"Vªh; laxzgky;] ubZ fnYyh] o`Unkou vuqla/kku laLFkku ¼mŒçŒ½ vkfn

laLFkkuksa dk Hkze.k fd;kA

eSaus bl fo"k; ij 'kks/k djus ds mís'; ls 'kks/k ifjdYiuk dj viuk 'kks/k dk;Z

vkjEHk fd;kA ftlds dh eSa 'kks/k ds dsUæ fcUnq rd igq¡p dj vkSj vius 'kks/k dk;Z dks

iw.kZ dj ikÅ¡A eSa eqækvksa ij cuh mu :iksa ;k mRdh.kZ fjfyQ ¼Low & High½ ds

çfr vR;f/kd çHkkfor Fkk okLro esa ,d dykRed :i fy, gq, FksA gj jktoa'k dh

eqækvksa esa mu :iksa dk ckgjh] vkUrfjd ifjorZu Hkh ns[kkA ,d gh fo"k; ds çfrd

fpUg feys vkSj cnyrs jgs ,slk Hkh ik;kA vr% eSaus mu :iksa dh lkaLÑfrd ,oa

dykRed v/;;u djus dh ifjdYiuk rS;kj dhA

eqæk;sa fdlh Hkh jktoa'k ;k ns'k dh vkÆFkd fLFkfr ds ifjpk;d gksrs gSA bl ra=

ds vk/kkj ij gh lkaLÑfrd dk fodkl gksrk] lkaLÑfrd laj{k.k gksrk gSA laLÑfr ,d

ek.kd ds :i mHkj dj vkrh gSA vr% bl laxzgky; esa laxzfgr gtkjksa eqækvksa tks vHkh

rd vçdkf'kr jg x;s gSA mudksa eSa mRÑ"V n`f"V ls xgu v/;;u djuk pkgrk gw¡

D;ksafd eSa ewÆrdyk dk fo|kFkhZ jgk gw¡ vr% bu eqækvksa esa mu ewÆr rRoksa dh Hkh [kkst

djuk pkgrk gw¡ ftlls eqæk,sa dykRed i{k fljeksM+ ¼loksZÑ"V½ ekus tkrs gSA buesa cus

fofo/k :iksa] la;kstu ,oa çLrqrhdj.k dk v/;;u vHkh rd fudge dkj.kksa ls ugÈ gks

ik;k gSA eSa dykfo|kFkhZ gksus ds ukrs viuk ;g nkf;Ro le>rk gw¡ çLrqr 'kks/k esa

lekfgr fd;k tk,A ftlls 'kks/k dk egRo vkSj vf/kd mtkxj gksxkA

'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k laLFkku] cM+kSr ¼mŒçŒ½ esa laxzghr çkphu Hkkjrh; eqækvksa dk

lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed v/;;u ¼ekS;Z jktoa'k ls xqIr jktoa'k rd dh eqækvksa ds

fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa½ ds vUrxZr y{; ,oa mís'; bl çdkj gS&

eqækvksa ds ifjoÆrr Lo:i vkSj muds lkaLÑfrd fodkl dk v/;;uA

eqækvksa ij mRdh.kZ :iksa vkSj fo"k;ksa dk v/;;uA

eqækvksa ij mRdh.kZ dyk :iksa dks dykrRoksa js[kk] jax] :i] rky] iksr vkSj

vUrjky ds vk/kkj ij foospuk djukA

fofHké jktoa'kksa ds ifjoÆrr dykRed :iksa dk rqyukRed v/;;uA

eqækvksa ds cnyrs /kkrq o rduhdh i{k dk v/;;uA

& vius iwokZyksdu ds vk/kkj ij vius 'kks/k&fo"k; dh

:ijs[kk rS;kj dhA esjk 'kks/k ,d o.kkZRed vfHkdYi gSA

¼d½ & okLrfod eqæk,sa] 'kks/k laLFkku] cM+kSr ¼mŒçŒ½ ls çkIrA

¼[k½ & ys[k] iqLrdsa] çdkf'kr 'kks/k&if=dk;sa] laxzgky;]

lekpkj&i=] lwph&i=] osc lkbV bR;kfnA

fo"k;&oLrq dk 'kks/k i;Zos{kd ls fopkj&foe'kZA

fo"k;&oLrq dk Jh vfer jk; tSu ls lk{kkRdkjA

fo"k;&oLrq dk laxzgky; ds funsZ'kdksa ls lk{kkRdkjA

okLrfod eqækvksa ds uequksa dks ns[kuk ,oa le>ukA

dykdkjksa ls dykRed i{k ls lEcfU/kr fopkj&foe'kZ djukA

& fo}kuksa ls lk{kkRdkj }kjk çnÙk fopkjksa dk ladyu ,oa v/;;uA

& eSaus ^^ekS;Z jktoa'k ls xqIr jktoa'k**rd dh eqækvksa dks fy;k gS tks

'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k&laLFkku] cM+kSr] ¼mŒçŒ½ esa ,d çfl) 'kks/k laLFkku esa

laxzfgr gS ;g laLFkku 'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k laLFkku] cM+kSr ¼mŒçŒ½ ds uke ls

çfl) gSA

laaxzgky; esa laxzfgr eqækvksa ds vk/kkj ij eSa vius 'kks/k dk;Z dks iw.kZ dj

ikÅ¡xkA bu eqækvksa dk dykrÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij ,d v/;;u 'kks/k dks u;h fn'kk çnku

djus esa lgk;d gksxkA

'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k laLFkku] cM+kSr ¼m0iz0½ esa laxzghr

izkphu Hkkjrh; eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed v/;;u

¼ekS;Z jktoa'k ls xqIr jktoa'k rd dh eqnzkvksa ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa½

Hkkjrh; çkphu eqækvksa dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklA

'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k laLFkku esa laxzghr Hkkjrh; eqækvksa dk ifjp; ¼ekS;Z

jktoa'k ls xqIr jktoa'k rd dh eqækvksa ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa½A

1-1 laLFkku dh LFkkiuk] fodkl ,oa orZeku xfrfof/k;k¡A

1-2 laLFkku esa miyC/k 'kks/kijd iqjklEink dk fo"k;okj ifjp;A

laLFkku esa laxzghr ekS;Z jktoa'k dh eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed

v/;;uA

2-1 ekS;Z jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fo"k; ¼:i o fpUg½A

2-2 ekS;Z jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fyfi&vkys[kA

2-3 dyk rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij ekS;Z jkto“ak dh eqækvksa dk v/;;uA

laLFkku esa laxzghr 'kqa³~x rFkk d.o jktoa'k dh eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa

dykRed v/;;uA

3-1 'kqa³~x rFkk d.o jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fo"k; ¼:i o

fpUg½A

3-2 'kqa³~x rFkk d.o jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fyfi&vkys[kA

3-3 dyk rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij 'kqM~-x rFkk d.o jktoa“k dh eqækvksa dk

v/;;uA

laLFkku esa laxzghr lkrokgu rFkk psnh jktoa'k dh eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd

,oa dykRed v/;;uA

4-1 lkrokgu rFkk psnh jktoa'k dh eqæk,¡ ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fo"k; ¼:i o

fpUg½A

4-2 lkrokgu rFkk psnh jktoa'k dh eqæk,¡ fyfi&vkys[kA

4-3 dyk rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij lkrokgu rFkk psnh jktoa“k dh eqækvksa dk

v/;;uA

laLFkku esa laxzghr 'kd~ rFkk igYo jktoa'k dh eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa

dykRed v/;;uA

5-1 'kd~ rFkk igYo jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fo"k; ¼:i o

fpUg½A

5-2 'kd~ rFkk igYo jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fyfi&vkys[kA

5-3 dyk rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij 'kd~ rFkk igYo jktoa“k dh eqækvksa dk

v/;;uA

laLFkku esa laxzghr dq"kk.k jktoa'k dh eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed

v/;;uA

6-1 dq"kk.k jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fo"k; ¼:i o fpUg½A

6-2 dq"kk.k jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fyfi&vkys[kA

6-3 dyk rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij dq"kk.k jktoa“k dh eqækvksa dk v/;;uA

laLFkku esa laxzghr xqIr jktoa'k dh eqækvksa dk lkaLÑfrd ,oa dykRed

v/;;uA

7-1 xqIr jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fo"k; ¼:i o fpUg½A

7-2 xqIr jktoa'k dh eqæk,sa ,oa mu ij mRdh.kZ fyfi&vkys[kA

7-3 dyk rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij xqIr jktoa“k dh eqækvksa dk v/;;uA

laLFkku esa laxzghr ekS;Z jktoa'k ls xqIr jktoa'k dh eqækvksa ds fuekZ.k esa

ç;qDr /kkrq o rduhd v/;;uA

8-1 eqækvksa ds fuekZ.k esa ç;qä /kkrqA

8-2 eqækvksa ds fuekZ.k esa ç;qä rduhdA

ekufp=

fPk=&lwph

lanHkZ xzUFk lwph

dyk&'kCn dks"k

fyfi&'kCn dks"k

'kks/k i=&if=dk;sa

Lkekpkj&i=

nLrkost

osclkbV~l

çkphu Hkkjr esa yfyr&dykvksa dk cM+k fodkl gqvk FkkA ekuo rFkk i'kq&if{k;ksa

ds cká Lo:i dk tSlk fp=.k çkphu fp=dyk rFkk ewÆrdyk esa feyrk gS oSlk gh

çn'kZu eqækvksa ij Hkh feyrk gSA f}rh; 'krkCnh bZŒiwŒ esa f}rh; 'krkCnh bZñ rd

nsoh&nsorkvksa dk D;k Lo:i Fkk] bldh tkudkjh eqækvksa esa çkIr mRdh.kZ mudh

vkÑfr;ksa ls Hkh gksrh gSA iapky ds eqækvksa ij vusd nsoh&nsorkvksa ds ewrZ :i feys gSA

muesa Hkæknsoh vkSj QkYxquh nsoh dk Lo:i dsoy eqækvksa ls gh Kkr gqvk gSA x.kksa vkSj

tuinksa ds eqæk,sa ij f'ko] dkÆrds; vkSj y{eh ds fofo/k ewrZu feyrs gSA r{kf'kyk]

vkSnqEcj rFkk f=xZr tuin dh eqækvksa ij çkphu eafnjksa ds vusd :i vafdr gq, gSaA

lkrokguksa ds eqækvksa ij vusd o`r okys ioZr cuk;s x;s gSaA og ;'k dk çrhd gSA

fgUn&;wukuh] 'kd&igYo] dq"kk.k vkfn fons'kh jktkvksa dh vkÑfr;k¡ muds

eqækvksa ij cuh gqbZ gSaA mu jktkvksa ds Lo:i dk vfHkKku muds eqækvksa ls gksrk gSA

xqIr lezkVksa dks muds eqækvksa ij oh.kk ctkrs gq,] f'kdkj djrs gq,] /kuq/kkjh ;ks)k ds

:i esa] xt vFkok v'o ij lokjh djrs gq, vkfn fofHké :iksa fn[kyk;k x;k gSA

nso&vkÑfr ds lkFk çHkke.My feyrk gSA nsoh&nsork dks vius okgu ds lkFk Hkh

çnÆ'kr fd;k x;k gSA ;s eqæk,sa dykRed n`f"V ls vR;Ur mRÑ"V gSaA

Hkkjr ds vkjfEHkd vkgr eqækvksa ij ys[k vafdr ugÈ gq, gS ekS;Z 'kkldksa us Hkh

eqækvksa ij viuk uke ugÈ fy[kok;k gSA mu ij fofHké {ks=ksa ds fy, dqN [kkl fpUg

cuk;s x;s gSA eqækvksa ij ekS;Zdky ds i'pkr~ ys[k vafdr fd;s tkus yxsA ;s ys[k czkãh

vkSj [kjks"Bh fyfi;ksa esa fy[ks gq, gSA mudh Hkk"kk çkÑr gSA

Hkkjr esa xqIrksa ds igys çkÑr Hkk"kk dks cgqr ekU;rk nh x;h FkhA xqIrdky esa

laLÑr Hkkjr dh Hkk"kk gks x;hA xqIr jktkvksa us czkãh fyfi vkSj laLÑr Hkk"kk esa

NUnksc) ys[k fy[kok;s gSA muesa lezkVksa dh ç'kfLr;k¡ oÆ.kr gqbZ gS ;s ys[k x|kRed

vkSj i|kRed nksuksa çdkj ds gSaA

eqækvksa ij dykdkj }kjk mRdh.kZ js[kkvksa dk vkuUn vkSj eU=&eqX/k dj nsus ds

leLr xq.k miyC/k FksA mRdh.kZ js[kkvksa dh xfr la;kstu dk laiqtu o ;FkkZr~ ,slk Fkk

ekuksa dksbZ vk/kqfud dykdkj fdlh vkÑfr dh lajpuk cuk jgk gksA vkÑfr;ksa ds

fuekZ.k esa lh/kh] oØ vkSj vk;rkdkj vkfn T;kferh; :idkjksa dk ç;ksx gS tks çk;%

lkadsfrd tku iM+rs gSA blesa LofLrd] f=Hkqt] o`r] "kV~dks.k rFkk vk;rkdkj 'kkfey

gSA eqækvksa ls i;kZIr l`tu'khyrk] ;FkkZr~ ekSfyd mn~Hkkouk] lkSUn;Z cks/k] :i

foU;klaxr oSfo/;] vfHkO;fä] jpuk dkS'ky vkSj futh oSf'k"V~; miyC/k gksrs gSA bl

çdkj bu mRdh.kZ vkÑfr;ksa gh ljyrk] lqxerk rFkk lw{e js[kkadu i)fr vkt ds

dykdkj ds fy, egku çsj.kk gSA lkFk gh lkFk rduhdh fo'ks"krk ds }kjk mRdh.kZ js[kk

eqækvksa ds vxz rFkk i`"B Hkkx ij cuk;k x;k gS ftlls og LFkkbZ jgsA BIis] <ykbZ fof/k

}kjk /kkrq dh eqækvksa dk lajpuk fd;k x;k FkkA /kkrq&rkez] dkaL;] pk¡nh] lksuk] 'kh'kk]

dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA

%& lh/kh] oØ] :Ikkdkjksa dk ç;ksx cfy"B vkd`fr;ksa dh js[kk,¡ vkfn

'kkfey gSaA

%& dkyk gjk] Hkwjk] uhyk jklk;fud çfØ;k }kjk fof/k iVhuk dgykrk

gSA rkack] dkaL;] pk¡nh] lksuk dk LoHkkfod jaxA

%& vk;r] "k"V~dks.k] Me:uqek] oØ'kyk[k] o`ÙkA

%& vkUrfjd o cká fjfyQA

%& [kqjnjh] lery] mHkkjA

%& fuEuLrjh; ,oa mPpLrjh; ekiA

1- eqæk & xa/kkj tuin

Hkkj & 11-46 xzke ¼yxHkx½

vkdkj & 43x22 fe-eh- ¼yxHkx½

/kkrq & jtr

2- eqæk & ex/k tuin

Hkkj & 3-45 xzke ¼yxHkx½

vkdkj & 25x23 fe-eh- ¼yxHkx½

/kkrq & jtr d"kkZiu

3- eqæk & ekS;Z lkezkT;

Hkkj & 2-96 xzke ¼yxHkx½

vkdkj & 10x15 fe-eh- ¼yxHkx½

/kkrq & jtr dk"kkZi.k

vr% fu"d"kZ :Ik eSa ;g dguk pkg¡wxk fd eqækvksa dk lkaLd`frd ,oa dykRed

i{k ,d vo“;d i{k gSA eSa vius bl 'kks/k ds ek/;e ls bl i{k dk mtkxj djrs gq,

mlesa fujUrj ifjofrZr :Ik dks izLrqr dj ,d u;s vk;ke j[kus dk iz;kl d:¡xkA

vfHkthr dqekj flUgk

1- dYg.k jktrafjx.kh pkS[kEHkk laLd`r izfr"Bku] okjk.klh

2- —".ku] loZiYyh Hkkjrh; n'kZu jktiky ,.M lal izdk'ku

Hkkx&izFke

Hkkx&f}rh;

3- xqIr] ijes’ojh Hkkjr ds iwoZ fo'ofo|ky; izdk'ku]

dkyhu flDdas okjk.klh

4- xqIrk] ijes’ojh izkphu Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; izdk'ku]

eqnzk,¡ okjk.klh

5- >k] vezrs'oj Hkkjrh; flDds vkbZ-vkbZ-vkj-,u-,l-

¼,d ,sfrgkfld izdk'ku] ukfld vkbZ-,l-

ifjp;½ ch-,u-&81&86786&14&7

6- flag] vksadkjukFk xqIrksÙkjdkyhu fo'ofo|ky; izdk'ku]

mRrj Hkkjrh; okjk.klh

eqnzk,sa

7- xqIrk] lqeUr xqIroa’kh; vfHkys[kksa vt; cqd lfoZl]

dk /kkfeZd v/;;u ubZ fnYyh&110002]1980

8- jk;] uhgkjjatu ekS;Z rFkk ekS;ksZÙkj 'kCnf’kYih }kjk izxfr fizaVlZ]

dyk fnYyh&110032] 1979

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Agrwal, Bhanu, Punch-Marked

Rai, Subas Coin

2. Altekar, A.S. The Coinage of Numismatic Society of India

the Gupta empire Banaras Hindu University

3. Agrawal, V.S. Indian Art Varanasi Prithivi Prakashan,1965

4. Coomarasamy, History of Indian and Museum of Fine Arts,

Ananda K. Indian Art Boston,May-15,1926

5. Roy, Bahadur Coins and Department of Publication

Institution

Dayal Discription United Origen, 1930

6. Dutta, Mala A Study of the Harman publicshing house,

Satavahana Coinage New Delhi, 1990

ISBN – 81-85151-39-3

7. Gupta, Coins National Book Trust,

Parmeshwari India ISBN-978-81-237-

Lal 1887-3, New Delhi-70, 1969

8. Gupta, Parmeshwari Punch-Marked Coin The government of Andhra

Pradesh

Lal Government Museum in the Andhara Pradesh 1960

9. Goyal, S.R. An Introduction to Kasumanjali Prakashan

Gupta Numismatics Jodhpur, India

1994

10. Handa, Devendra Tribal Coins Of Aryan Books International

Ancient India New Delhi, India 2007

ISBN – 81-7305-317-0

11. Handa, Devendra Early Indian Sundeep Prakashan

Coins From Sugh New Delhi, 2006

ISBN-81-7574-161-9

12. Havell, E.B. A Handbook of Indic Academy Varanasi.

Indian Art 1972

13. Jha, D.N. Ancient India in Delhi, Manohar, 1998

Historical Outline

14. Kothari, Narendra Ujjayini Coins Editor by-Dilip Raigor

15. Lahiri, A.N. Corpus of Indo Calcutta, Poddar Publications,

Greek Coins 1965.

16. Mukherjee, B.N. The Disintegration Varanasi, Banaras Hindu

of the Kushana University, 1976

Empire

17. Murphy, Poul Kosala State Region

C. 600-470BC, Silver

Punchemarked Coinage

18. Murty, Krishna K. Mythical Animals in Abhinav publication

India Art E-37,hauz khas,New Delhi-

110016

1985

19. Mookerje, Radha Chandragupta Motilal Bansidass

Kumud Maurya and ISBN-81-208-0405-8

his Times

20. Puri, B.N. India Under the Bombay, Bharatiya Vidya

Kushans Bhawan, 1965

21. Rajgor, Dilip Punch Marked coin

of Early Historic

India

22. Smith, Vincent A Coins of Ancient Indological Book House

India Catalogue of Delhi,India,Varanasi.

the coins in the India 1972

museum Calcutta

Vol.- 1

23. Sharva, Satya The Kushana Pranava Parkashan,

Numismatis New Delhi

1985

ENCYCLOPEDIA

MAGAZINE

1. South India Coins Published by :

Marudhar Art,

Benguluru, India

2- xkSM+] fnyhi jkW; Hkkjrh; lYrur izdkf'kr & MkW0 fnyhi

dkyhu flDds jkW; xkSM+] ¼ys[kd o izdk'kd½

1- xqyYd ¼okf"kZd½ Hkkjrh; eqnzk ifjp;

dk'kh fgUnw fo'ofo|ky;]

okjk.klh

1- vej mtkyk] cM+kSr] m0iz0

2- nSfud tkxj.k] cM+kSr] m0iz0

3- nSfud tuok.kh] 03@06@2013 esjB] m0iz0

¼lekpkj&i=ksa esa izdkf'kr lekpkjksa ds lanHkZ½

1- 'kgt+kn jk; 'kks/k ls lEcfU/kr nLrkost

Websites

1. www.acientcoins.co/gandhara/gandhara.html

2. www.bhu.ac.in/kala/gallery-coin.html

3. www.bhartiyapaksha.com/?P=5723

4. www.nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/collection.asp

5. orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissareview/spet2004/english Pdf/ acient coins.Pdf

6. www.rbi.org.in/currency/museum/c-ancient/html