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(Archie League) jJPor FT KmoJj TotTftJ rKXj kfJTJ S uJu-jLu mJKf mqmyJr TPr FqJPrJPkäjèPuJPT ßaTIlFmÄ uqJ¥ TrJr KjPhtvjJ KhPf ÊÀ TPrjÇ IJr nuqJjKa~Jr KyPxPm fÅJr xyPpJVL yPuj CAKu~Jo ÉAaKj jJPor Ijq FTnhsPuJTÇ FPhr hM'\jPT fJA IJTJvpJj Kj~πe mqm˙Jr \jT mPu Veq TrJ y~Ç uJu-jLu mJKfr xPïf ßhKUP~ uqJ¥ SßaTIl TrJr IjMoKf ßh~Jr ßp k´Yuj SA hMA nhsPuJT TPrKZPuj, âPoA fJ hMKj~JmqJkL V´yePpJVqfJ uJn TruÇ fJr kr mÉmZr kpt∂ mqm˙JaJ myJu gJPTÇ 1965 xJPu IJKo pUj dJTJ lîJAÄ TîJPm KvãJjKmx kJAua KyPxPm k´Kvãe KjPf ÊÀ TKr,fUj IJorJ IˆJr AVPua jJPor FTaJ ßasjJr ßZJ¢ ßkäj lîJAÄ TrfJoÇ SA FqJPrJPkäPj ßrKcS KZu jJÇ fJA ßaTIl FmÄuqJ¥ TrJr IJPV TP≤sJu aJS~JPrr KhPT fJKTP~ gJTfJoÇ xmM\ mJKfr xPïf ßkPu ßaTIl mJ uqJ¥ TrfJoÇ uJumJKfrxPïf ßkPu IPkãJ TrPf yPfJÇk´go oyJpMP≠r kr ßgPT CPzJ\JyJP\r xÄUqJ mJzPf gJPT hs∆f yJPrÇ Cjúf yPf uJVu KmoJjmªrèPuJSÇ I· xoP~r oPiqFT \J~VJ ßgPT Ijq \J~VJ~ ßkÅRZPf IJTJvkPg Ãoe TrJ FTJ∂ IkKryJpt FmÄ KjrJkh mPu xmJr TJPZ V´yePpJVqfJ ßkuÇhs∆f ßpJVJPpJPVr \jq F~Jr ßoAu xJKntx Veq yPuJ IfqJmvqTL~ mPuÇKmÄv vfPTr hMP~r hvPT ßmxJoKrT KmoJj YuJYPur ˝JPgt oqJPkr Skr KY¤ KhP~ IJTJvkg mJ F~JrSP~\ KjKhtÓ TrJ

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KmKjo~ TPr TLnJPm TPr FmÄ ßxaJ x÷mkr y~ FTaJ pPπr rJcJr kJux& (Radar pulse) Ijq pPπr rJcJr V´ye TPrKraJjt kJKbP~ ßh~ mPuÇ lPu FPT IkPrr hNrfô S CófJxy k´KfòKm KjP\Phr ßÛJPk ßhUPf kJ~ÇC`~jrf FqJPrJPkäPjr pπèPuJ fgq KmKjoP~r oJiqPo FPT IkPrr KY©JK~f ZKm ßhUPf kJ~ KmKnjú rX IJr IJTíKfPfÇ hM'KaxJojJxJoKj IV´xroJj ßkäPjr ‰jTaq pPgÓ yPu FmÄ xÄWPwtr x÷JmjJ ßhUJ KhPu, SA pPπr T£ mJftJ~ ßWJKwf y~ asJKlT,asJKlT, asJKlTÇ ßWJKwf SA mJftJ ÊPj kJAuarJ xfTtfJ Imu’j TrPmÇ IJr ‰jTaq UMm ßmKv yPu FmÄ IV´xroJj ßkäPjroPiq xÄWPwtr xoNyx÷JmjJ ßhUJ KhPu KaTqJx pPπr TKŒCaJr KyPxm TPr ßWJweJ TPr, KcPx¥, KcPx¥ IgmJ TîJA’, TîJA’

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FmJr KyCoqJj Frr (Human Error), kJAuaPhr náu pJA mKu jJ ßTj, fJ hNr TrJr k≠Kf KjP~ VPmweJ ÊÀ yPuJÇKmYJr-KmPväwe ÊÀ yPuJ, ßTj kJAuarJ Fojxm náu TPr pJ fJPhr FmÄ pJ©LPhr \Lmj Kmkjú TPrÇ ßToj TPr náu ßgPTC≠Jr kJS~Jr \jq fJPhr IJPV ßgPT xfTt TPr ßh~J pJ~?kJAuaPhr náPur \jq k´gPoA vjJÜ TrJ yPuJ, fJrJ xmKTZM Kj~ovO⁄uJ IjMpJ~L TPr jJÇ FZJzJS IJPZ TqJP¡jPhrIyÄPmJi FmÄ IKfoJ©J~ IJ®KmvõJx pJ mz hMWtajJr k´iJj CkJhJj mPu KYK¤f TrJ ßpPf kJPrÇ Fr \jq Kj~o TrJ yPuJ,TqJP¡jrJ KcPÖaPrr nNKoTJ kJuj TrPm jJÇ fJrJ Ijq âáPhr xPñ xyPpJKVfJ TrPm FmÄ KmkhTJuLj xoP~ fJPhr oNuqJ~jPT

CkpMÜ yPu ßoPj ßjPmÇ FaJPT muJ y~, KxIJrFo (CRM=Crew Resource Management)Ç âáPhr

IJrS FTKa KmwP~ oJjq TPr YuPf yPmÇ FaJ yPuJ FxSKk IjMxre TrJÇ SOP (Standared OperatingProcedure)Ç F Kmw~aJ mftoJPj kJAua yPf yPu ßp xm xJmP\PÖ krLãJ KhP~ C•Let yPf y~ fJr oPiq I∂nátÜ TrJyP~PZÇKxIJrFo FmÄ FxSKk TzJTKznJPm IjMxre TrJr lPu hMWtajJr yJr IPjT TPo ßVuÇ KT∂á Fr kPrS kJAuaPhr Im˙JjVfIxPYfjfJr TJrPe oJP^oPiq ßhUJ ßVu n~Jmy hMWtajJ WaPZÇßhUJ ßVu, FqJPrJPkäj IjKnPk´fnJPm YPu FPxPZ FTaJ CÅYM kJyJPzr TJZJTJKZÇ KT∂á UJrJk IJmyJS~Jr TJrPe kJAua \JPjjjJ SA kJyJz TfaJ TJPZ? ßTmu UJrJk IJmyJS~JA j~, AjˆsMPo≤ lîJAÄP~ IhãfJ, pgJpg k≠Kf IjMxre jJ TrPf kJrJFmÄ Yro TîJK∂r TJrPe fJr oJjKxT xPYfjfJ TPo pJS~Jr oPfJ TJrPeS kJAua fÅJr FqJPrJPkäPjr Im˙Jj xŒPTt IxPYfj

yPf kJPrjÇ IgmJ ßhUJ ßVu uqJ¥ TrPf KVP~ FqJPrJPkäj rJjSP~r ßmv TJZJTJKZ YPu FPxPZÇ IJmyJS~J UJrJk gJTJ~

rJjSP~ ßmKv hNr mJ ßmKv CófJ ßgPT ßhUJ pJPò jJÇ kJAua uqJ¥ TrJr \jq IJAFuFx (ILS : InstrumentLanding System) mqmyJr TPr IJP˜ IJP˜ KjPYr KhPT ßjPo IJxPZjÇ KT∂á hãfJr InJPm IgmJ IxJmiJjfJr

TJrPe IJAFuFx-Fr VäJAc ߡJk (Glide Slope) ßgPT IPjT KjPY ßjPo ßVPZjÇ Fxm TJrPeS FqJPrJPkäj kJyJPzrVJP~ iJÑJ ßUPf kJPr KTÄmJ VäJAc ߡJk ßgPT IPjT KjPY ßjPo pJS~Jr lPu rJjSP~Pf ßkÅRZJPjJr IJPVA nëKoPf kKff yP~kMPrJkMKr ±Äx yP~ ßpPf kJPrÇ F rTPor hMWtajJr KvTJr yP~ âá FmÄ pJ©Lxy k´J~ xmJrA k´JeyJKj WaJr TgJÇ fJAFqJPrJPkäPjr Im˙JjVf IxPYfjfJr TJrPe KmköjT Im˙Jr xOKÓ yPu, kJAuaPhr xfTt TPr ßh~Jr \jq 1970 xJPur KhPT

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Radar AltimeterÇ FaJ IJPkKãT CófJ oJkJr FTaJ pπÇ FaJ C`~Pjr xo~ fJ“ãKeTnJPm KjPYr nëKo ßgPT

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1970-Fr hvPT ßrKcS IKfiKoaJrPTA KnK• TPr ‰fKr TrJ y~ GPWS jJPor IfLm k´P~J\jL~ pπÇ C`~jrf Im˙J~

CPzJ\JyJ\ KmköjTnJPm Có nëKor KjTamfLt yPu FA pπ T£mJfJtr oJiqPo Terrain, Terrain, Whoop,Whoop mPu kJAuaPT xfTt TPr ßh~Ç FZJzJS uqJ¥ TrPf FPx xKbT CófJ ßgPT FqJPrJPkäj IPjT KjPY ßjPo ßVPuSnáu xÄPvJij TrJr \jq SA pPπr T£mJftJ fJr KjPhtv KhP~ gJPTÇ pKh uqJ¥ TrPf FPx TTKka âá uqJK¥Ä KV~Jr mJ YJTJ

jJoJPf KTÄmJ pgJpg lîqJkx& jJoJPfS náPu KVP~ gJPT, fUjS GPWS-Fr T£mJftJ xfTtmJeL CóJre TrPf náu TrPmjJÇ ßaTIl TrJr kr FqJPrJPkäj CkPrr KhPT CbPf gJPT, FaJA ˝JnJKmT; KT∂á ßTJj TJrPe pKh CkPrr KhPT SbJ mº

TPr FqJPrJPkäj xJoJjq kKroJPeS KjPY jJPo mJ jJoPf gJPT, GPWS fJ yPuS kJAuaPT ImvqA xfTt TPr ßhPmÇ

GPWS pπ mJiqfJoNuTnJPm CPzJ\JyJP\ xÄPpJ\Pjr IJAj KmKim≠ TrJ y~ 1982 xJPuÇ IjKfKmuP’ Fr Ên lu luPf

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1990 xJPu (CFIT) KxKla jJPor FTKa k´Kâ~J xÄùJK~f TrJ y~Ç CFIT Igt Controlled Flight IntoTerrainÇ kJyJz-kmtfo~ CónëKoPf mJ Fr TJZJTJKZ KmoJjmªrèPuJPf lîJAa TrJr lPu ßp hMWtajJ WPa, SèPuJ FA

KxKla xÄùJK~f lîJAPar oPiq Veq TrJ y~Ç GPWS FA KxKla \JfL~ hMWtajJ TKoP~ IJjPuS xŒNet ˝K˜ FPj KhPf

kJPrKjÇ GPWS-Fr KTZM xLoJm≠fJA Fr \jq hJ~LÇ lPu ÊÀ y~ KTnJPm pπKar CjúKf xJij TrJ pJ~, ßx mqJkJPr

VPmweJÇ IJTJv KmùJjLrJ VPmweJr oJiqPo I·TJPur oPiqA F ßãP© I\tj TrPuj InJmjL~ xJluqÇ FmJPr GPWS pPπr

IJiMKjTJ~j TPr jJo rJUJ yPuJ EGPWS mJ Enhanced Ground Proximity WarningSystem.IJiMKjTJK~f EGPWS-Fr pJmfL~ xfTLtTre k≠Kf IkKrmKftf ßrPUS Fr IPjT kKrmftj kKrmitj TrJ yPuJÇ kOKgmLr

k´JTíKfT mºárfJ FmÄ oJjMPwr ‰fKr xMCó m˜MxoNPyr fgq EGPWS-Fr TKŒCaJr Data Base-F xKjúPmKvf TrJ

yPuJÇ lPu SA pPπr ÙLPj xofu nëKo FmÄ kJyJz -kmtfxy Có nëKor k´KfòKm kJS~J x÷m yPuJÇ EGPWS pPπr ÛLPjKraJjt k´KflKuf y~ jLu, xmM\, yuMh FmÄ uJu FA YJr rPXÇ jLu yPuJ \uJiJPrr k´KfòKm, xmM\ yPuJ Kmkh ßjA Foj xofunëKo, yuMh KraJjt mPu ßh~ xJoPjA IJPZ xJmiJj ymJr oPfJ CÅYM nëKoÇ xmJr ßvPw uJu rPXr KraJjt KmköjT CÅYM˙Jj mJ m˜á ßpxJoPj IJPZ, mPu ßh~ ßxA TgJÇ xMfrJÄ, UMmA xfTt hOKÓ ßrPU FèPf gJPTJÇ

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xÿMPUr nëKor xPñ xÄWwt WaPm, fJ yPu xÿMPUr SA nëKor k´KfòKm uJu rX iJre TrPm FmÄ T£mJftJ~ ÈTerrain' v»ßWJKwf yPmÇ FTAnJPm ßkäj IV´xr yPf gJTPu 7 ßxP¥ kPr IJmJr CóJKrf yPm FTA xfTtmJeLÇ Fr krS pKh KhT mJ

CófJ kKrmftj jJ TrJr y~, fJyPu x÷Jmq xÄWPwtr K©v ßxPT¥ IJPV ßgPT Ijmrf xfTt mJeL IgtJ“ Terrain,Terrain FmÄ "Pull up, pull up" KjPhtv YuPf gJTPmÇ pgJpg mqm˙J V´ye TPr KmkjìMÜ jJ yS~J kpt∂ SAÉÅKv~JKr xPïf ßh~Jr k´Kâ~J mº yPm jJÇ

EGPWS xm IJiMKjT CPzJ\JyJP\ xÄPpJK\f yP~PZÇ jJ yP~ gJTPu, xmtPvw fJKrU KZu F mZr IgtJ“ 2005 xJPur

\JjM~JKr oJPxr xo~xLoJr oPiq xm CPzJ\JyJP\A ßxaJ TrPf yPm mJiqfJoNuTnJPmÇ EGPWS xÄPpJK\f yS~Jr kPr

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