Sopuc [axror

TEI|EKOMyH14KAql4t4 xcur Qra p aHn,Mo6nr Hn n lP

3HAH14R lzlagarencreo HOBt4 2006r. CoSnn,

"Kouyraqtonsa, MyJrrr{nneKcHa I.I Y.ie6unx no AI.icIIHnJII{Hara rexunra":a Oaxynrera no Kouynr.rxaqlroHHa xa6e,tua rexHaxa H - CoQun. npu TexHojlofr.rH Texuuvecxlrr yHurepcnrer

nPEATOBOPHa or Ocsoultoro [peAHzBHaqeHne ro3rl Texcr e.qa 6tae,r3noJr3BaH cryaeHttt.te alr Oary,'rrera no KorlyHuKalluolHa rexHrlKa l'l TexHo;]or[u ua TexHlqeccbrnacHo Kur yHuBepcr.rrer Co$nr xaro yue6ttux no !rcunlr,tfiHara, napeqeHa, yue6una r,tau, c uuero "KolryraquoHla, MyrrunreKcna u xa6e,rra texHl.tra". Ha :la Aa ce tlanllxre ,4HecKHrrra,B o6,'racT-ra re,'reKoNryHlrKarlul.lre, alropa 6e npexfiBrBaHe,rt nprrrtro, n lrprrecHfireJrHo. flpuuruara e e.qrJa BbJrHyBaulo o6rqa - 3a[IeMerrBaur,rre rerurroBe rpolteHu r o6,racrra, KbAeroBcrKa KHI-{fa Ha ocraptea 6r,p:o. flpolreuure ca ro:rKoBa6r,p:u. re H.st n gaaa @opruynaraua Ep:ranr e a6co,'rrorHo qe ne ce sa6e,rcgsa. Koraro ne e I'I3narHeHo fpe[IKa, Korro e ro:rKoBa MarKa, qe llMa KpaeH 6po[ rpaQuron:rovuluu' N>> n , a e B cuna caMo N> rx,Ka3BaMe or 3aBIrcH 6por axruauli Torasa uHreH:nnHocrra Ita flocrbnBaHeHa tIoBtlKBaHlt-q llsroqHltuu (or c;crotHl{ero Ha c[creMara))"t=\N -i)d,

(5. r2)

mpaQurou3mosHuK. or r:rgero ae rpatfnrTr, reHeplrpaH e.{uuceo6odeu a ua uMaMe tap. pasnpedeteuue Euzcem, gary6lre ce 4arar c Qopr. ToraBaMyJraTa

,{a ce onpege,rr4o xo,rxoa6ouaraN uorar Aa6tAar o6u),xBaHn or rlterKara, axorTra$lrK:br eAusa6olrare a = 50 mErl, a nonycrauure sary6ucaB = lTo. Ha .--Q1rqrlaure ua Ep,ranr {ur. 5.3 (no-rovHoor ra6luqure ua Ep,raur,narp. B UIAHII) ce onpeAenr, Aonycrr.rMr.rrr qe rpaQur a x,rerxarae A=7,35 Erl. Ot A/a cre'.Ba,qe Aorrycrlruurr 6poi a6osarlr N n rurerrara e 147. Ilpnuep 2: Cmamucmuuecxu ytul,mHeHa .ruHw. Ynmruenara nualu (nanpurrlep ATM nr.rHr{)pa6our ctc cropocr C bit/s. ^ croiHocr Ha qnQpoaur noroK, cr3AaBaH rraKerr4re (r.nerru nplr or : *:l"utu .1trvr Jll.rHl.rr) aaaeHa Ha rereycJ,ryra, c biVs. Orryr crenBa,qe crar crriqecKH e ylnbrHeHara Jrr{H}rr Moxe Ia ce onpr4nrltrh cHon c n = C/c o6clyxsanJu rtpuHa 6opt,l aa ce npr4nox{ Ir ru Eplanr, HarrpuMep oueHKa :aryOnreno 3a na "o4"nrt IIOBAKBAHI-I-f, .

54

55

Mo6xnHh tl lP TeneKoMvH!iKaq!'!l4 6uKct1paHt1,

frasa 6 Tenerpaor,tHa chcreMa c qaKaHe

noauKaaHutr' Ilpuvep 3. Epoi aKmugHu BctKo or KolIToMoxe Aa e B aKTtrBHo qe I'IMaNle rIoBI'IKBaH[a' n ,[a Aonycneu, ct'crotHl,Ie (He t/ c'bcroqH[e (upe.4arace llusopuauun) c Bepo-srHocr x HeaKTnBHo o[peaeJlu Bepotrnocrra' ce [peaaBa) c BeposrHocr I 4. 9pes (5 14) trtoNe'qa ce .re toqHo i notfiraaHt,tt ca aKTIIBHI-I'

MABA IAECTA TEIIETPAOUqHA CI4CTEMA I{AKAHE CB lpegxoguara rjtaBa ce pa3fnexAar caMo cLIcreM| c lanu :ary6t, npn xou_ ce To loBtcr(BaHero ry6u, axo rocrtrllt, Kofaro ca 3aerfi Bcr-lrlrlio6clyNtarqu ra_IJ& lll.

TPAO14K 3A HA 5.5.OOPMYIIA EPTAHT MHOTOMEPEHpa{ur' r'e rpaQlx fopuuar flplluep 2 uoxe Aa ce o6o6ux 3a MHoroMepenT pa3[[qen pecypc Cpeqa ce a or Ko ro Il3I.lcKBa reneycnyrl{, BcqKa or pa3JIu,lHIt B-ISDN, IP nPexl, ATM uPeNu' 03Ha.reHrit: M - 6poit Ha reneycnyrlr fei cKopocr) B oouara [I.tHI'It;. n - 6poi'i eannnuu pecypc (JIeHTa, ycnyraJ; ,4i - rpaQur, flocrGnBauror reJleKoMyHuKaulIoHHara ycflyraJ: or reJIeKoMyHItKaqlioHHara nOBI'IKBaHH' i, - 6Doii eaHoBpeMeHHr seo6xoAut'lu 3a o6cnyxBaHero pa.ypa ("lenra, cKopocr)' l' - Opol .r""ru, or Ha enHo noBI4KBane ycryfaJ Hartrue e ectecrgeHoro orpaHHqeHrle

AKo l'lMaHtKaKbB MexaHr3TrM! Koiiro no]BontBaHa noBlKaaHero noqaKa, Aa rqe Io6a'ro ce ocso6o,quKaHa!, rroBlKBaHero 6r,4e:anlpxaHo s clctevara u o6c_ MaKapr{ c [3BecTHo 3a(bcHeHI,Ie. ,'ly)r(eHo, AaBaHero Ha Bb3MoxHocr ,qa ce qaKa, yBer'rxqaBa ooclyNeull'I or KaHaJrI{Te rpaQtx, r.e. Moxe aa ce [oryqij x(oHoMuq Ha r{aHalr[.Ho or ceog crpaHa, opraua rrrr:r.rpauero obcryxBaHe c qaraHe l't3llcKBa hJ]H[TeJ,rHI{ pa3xolll. HanpNrrrep .{on rrpeaocraB{HeroHa rraMer3a rro.qpexraHeHa o[a[tKa. I4:ao4.rr e, qe riaraHero ce KofaToToBae paqtoltarHo. B',Ltsenraa, O6c,ryxBaHeToc qaKaHeB TeJeKoMyH[KarI[{Te,TpaIHUr.loHHo c.bulecrByBa ycrponcr8a - npouecopri! pef]rcrprr n Ap. BbBexAaHero Ha r]pll ylpaBJrrBau]HTe pa3nxurrr.rre rrat n),P i

A

A7A'^

' r(>o)= r r',(e).6.2.EAHOKAHAflHA C Cl4CTEMAr{AKAHE

(6.1)

=::---::nFant

P '"

E.{noxana,rnaracncreMa e xai-nonynrpuult Moaer c qaKaHe aHeuHltre reB neKoMyHLrKaquH. 9pe uo,ue,ra on[cBar u oqeHtBar xapaKrepucrll(xre Ha MHoce

5958

TeneKoMvHr{xaquH- 6nKcHpaHH,Mo6rnHl,l l, lP

fraaa 6.fenerpadng{a ctncreMa qaKaHe c

cHcTeMr,r MpexaTa: flpoqecop, KoiiTo o6pa6oTBanoBEKBaHItTa B npll fo ocHoBHH yflpaB"rreHflelo; ATM-tuyrlanlcrcop, KoiiTo o6eAaurta rpaQr.rxaHa MHoro rpacRcreMa3a cfirHa!r.r3aufirflo 06lll (aHani pyrep B LIHTepr'rer. OuKor.i3ro,{Hxrlr{; E,(HoKaHaIHara c[creMa c qaKaHe vacren c,ryrai HanbnHoAocr][HHrcHon e B npx n = l. AKo ca B cura AonycKaHritra, HanpaBeHu nperxo.qHr{Te .4BemaBrr, raM Morar Aa ce fi3no,r3BarHanpaBeHr{Te pa3cr,xAeHxr. AKo ce 3aMecrr B (6.2) ,r = I. cJIerBa

...Wr o) " Pl> t-pC qAKAHE 63.PEANHU CIACTEM14

(6.14)

1=p'P,,

i=0,1,2,...,

(6.8)

g=Nn 3,afi3nor3aaeMocrra.O:naqeliuero e o3HatleHuero KtAero e x3rroJr3BaHo p CUCTeMlr, XOITTO 3a eCTeCTBetlO=A. IIOnyItpllO B nlITepaTypaTa eAHOKaIIaJIHH 3a Or (6.8) upe: cyuupaHece ronyqaBa Po= | - P fi crroTBeTHo

e ,- p i ( t - p ) ,a BepoqTHocrra ce qaxa craBa aa

i =0,t,2,...,

(6.e) (6.lo)

= c(>o)=ie p.

rloHexe trocrl'nBaulu.nrrpa$nx e flo,ryreHu.rr pesy,rrar :a P(> 0) e oqaKBaH, panen ua o6c,lyxenrr (oraurxata e HeorpaHu.Ieua), BepoqrHocrra.{a ce qaKae a paBHaHa Bepo.{THoc1"Ta KaHaJrbr e 3aer, a ra3u BepoqrHocre paBHaHarpaQltxa, aa o6c:ryxeu or xaua,ra. ce CpeaHr,rrr6pofi Ha rroBrKaaHrrra B cl.rcreMara onpeaerr c

t=7,p,= P t-p A

(6.11)

cr.ic'IeMlI qaKaHe pa3,ruvaBar pa3mexlaHlITe TyK ]rAearn3r.rc ce oT Pea-ilHxre no paHUNlOlleJIg cJlearloro: L B pea.lnnre clcreuu ttc -ttotrced.t ce uantpyna 6esxpaitu onawxa.3a ga ce aa oc mBtl laaeHo noBuKaaHe uaxa, e ueo6xo.4ltuoycrpoiicroo, KoeTo,qaocrulec'r81.{ OIIepaUUt. Ta3H te 2. B pea,rHnrecrcreMl1 Bpe.uemo laKqHe e ozpq uueHo,3apal "xerr,pnejtrraoro flotsereHge"na aOoxatttte, a rr 3apaarrpeaxqftrra Ha yrlpaBJ'rrBaunre ycr"x3xBbpJrrr" 3alrKH,qaKarlu [oBeqe oT HqKaKBo poiicroa,xouro MotaT.qa IonycHanpruep, aKo peLITa npeuacr c rraKern(VolP) u aro aaAeHnaner ce 1xuo BpcMe. ce 3aitr,pxr HtK!.[e [o upexara (He,qonycruMo ,qb,lro), [o-HaraThlxHoro My npelanare e 6e:rnepcrerrunHo. [o-.{o6pe ro3rr naKer Aa 6rae n:xsbpreH }r aa He 'toBap Ha Mpexara. Il3JrulUeH cr,3aaBa 3. Ilo-ue,recr,o6pa:rHo rroH{Kora,axo o6clyxtauero Ha rroBlrKBaHUflTa e craBa rrc fro peAaHa rrxHoro rrpttcrt-traue. no apyra dac4unnuuaua o6c,tyucaauea HafiqecTo HapyrxaBaHeTo ecTecTBeHut Ha pejl e lopaalr HtxaKBlr rrpt{opxTeTxcpea npxcrrrfaul[Te 3atBItr. flarenlre, uoceulu uH$opuaullr or pa3[xqHr.ITeneycnyfn, N{OraT,{a c pa3nuqeHnptopxTeT, rropaal-I ca pa3nuqHETe n3ncKBaH[r Ha Tereyc_ riryfure KbM QoS, Hanpruep. Ilarerure c peq ge 6taa aa 3aKtcHrBar, laKerr,rre c raHHu lre 6aea ga ce ry6rr, Hnro aa ca rperxHn...Or.turaHero ua l:6poeunre "peal ocTr.i"ecTecTBeHo BoAuao oTKJlotieHLtr oIIlIcaHnTeB DtaBaTa oT Moae,'lI-I. 6.4. EAHOKAHMHA CI4CTEMA OrpAHl4qEHA AbIXI4HA HA OnAUKATA C AKo Marcl-tMa,'tHoro noJlt{qecrBo 3arBKuB crcreMara e r(, r.e. e,qua3arBKace o6cryNaa B KaHaJra K - 1 sartxtl .{axar B onauKara, ypaBHeHurra(6.8) ce orpau HfiqaBarIo i = 1(. Or ypaaHeHurTa nory{aBa cero=

rroHexe ro3n 6pofi e oruourenuero Ha aeporrHocrra KaKoero cl,ulo e oqaKBaHo, roii:a e ceoooneH. ||anbr Ja e 3aer Khv BepofirHocrrr Cpe,{Hurr 6poi:i Ha [oBrKBaHfirra B onarxKarae

1,,= tQ -t)pt =:Y 'i=2

*^2

(6.12)

r-P

qe To:u pe:ylrar 6u uoru,r aa ce nonyqu u or pa3cb)(.qeHxero, cpeaHrJfl B onarnKara paBeH cpeAHur Ha noauraaunrB cxcreMara 6pofi nonrxaanux e 6pofi lrrHyc cpeAHxr 6poi rosuraaxur B KaHara, floc,re,uHoro a e paBHo p Ha L ' '= L - P = ; ; BpeMe qaKaHe npear xavaroro ra o6c,ryxsaxero, Ha W, e CpeaHoro,, _-, DT

^

I

l-p

K .=; -(+l r-P l+Sn'

(6.15)

D-

'

P

(6.16)

|_"

(6 13)

Ha EpeMe @opuy,rara(6.13) ce orHacr 3a BcHqKfi floBhKBaHfir, cpeaHoro a r{aKaHe caMo 3a qaKa,rnTe noBlrKBaHfit e

UrpaHH.reHlrero B'bpxy Mecrara 3a qaKaHe K- I aogu .qo B63MoxHocrIa 4o ce orxubpr'trr noBxKBaHur, T,e. Ao rBHu :ary6ll. 3ary6r-r[Ie ]tMa, I(oraro cucreMa'ta e B cr,cTorHIIe = Ktt clenoaareiruo iDD l-^ ' P ^K

(6.r7)

60

6l

- dtKcxpaHr, lP Mo6unH|,1 TeneKoMvHxKaqr[ JrecHo peKypclrt [DAl]. Aro c I4urepecuo e, qe (6.17) Moxe aa ce I,I3qtlcJItBa (6.17)o3HaerM B{, ro c H3pa3'br pB r-' Br = l+ pBK,l Karo ce 3aloqne or ecrecrBeHoroB0 = l.

fraaa 6,Tenerpao[qHacr4creMa qaKaHe c

C qAKAHE HAC14CTEMl4TE 6.s.KIAC14O14KAUl4RB,'rnreparypara no o6cryxBaultre cucreMl.Ic gaKaHee fionyntpHa KJIacHcr,xpareao ozuawuue A/B/n/WN/Q. Kotro aaBanperne.4Ho Quxauurra ua KeH,qeJI, Ha Crlr'rso,rlr,4 e 3a npoueca Ha Irocrr,nBaHe :aqgxt,tte,B 3a npoqeca Ha 06n cJryxBaHe, e 6poar na o6c,'ryxsaulfire uplt6opu, K - cyuara Ha o6cnyxBauxre N (aro 6ponr Ha Mecrara e orpaHt'Iqert), e 6potr Ha nprl6opu r.rMecrara 3a rtaKaHe rpa$rrou:rounuuHTe (aro e orpaHl.iqeu), e allcuHnlltuara ua o6c,ryxeaue (axo Q e pa:,rr.rna or o6c,ryxBaHerorro pe.{ Ha loctrnoane). (6e:rpaeu 6pofi)' re clorBerHo ce I't3nycKarB Aro K u N ca HeorpaHr'IqeHr Cruo, aro .4l'tcqunrltHarae pa3rnqHa or ecrecrBellxr pea, Q ce o3HaqeHl-.Iero. fi3nycKa. Taxa nanpuuep nrlJrHoaoclbflHl'{tr cHofl c qaKaHe,xofiro 6eu:e pa3rne.{aH Mapron) ce c TyK, ce o3HaqaBa M/M/n, :i:oaetoM (or tlt''Ieroua pycKllt MareMarHK clrcTeAHarorH'lHo, eaHoKaHaJIHaTa pa3npe,qeneHxe. oTHact 3a eKcTIoHeHIIIIaJIHO ce c Ma c qa(aHe ce o3lraqaBa M/NI/I . llpu apyrlt pa3npe.qenenlt.s u:ror3sar: G pa3npeaeneHl]e D - :a .4erepllaunpaHo(Halpl.tMepKoHcraHTHo u 3a rrpol{3BojrHo spelre:a o6cryxnaue). c Ha .{br'I)KI-'IHa olauKara or r. 6 3 ce o3Har{aBa Crzcteuara c orpaHr.IqeHa M/M/I/K, a n'bJ loAocrbrlHrltr cHoll c 'BHI'I zary6u c M/M/n/n, T.e HtMa Mecra3a .raxaHe sx. frasa 5. Crcrevure lul/D/l u M/D/\/K ca norlyntpHll B reneKoMyHl{I{aqlxre, nopaal'l c aI'JIxnHa. lpe,uaBaHe x,rerru (ATM) uJIfi naKerlr c e.4HaKBa HarlpHMep 3a n:no,,r:saueo:Ha.IeHlrra Ha Keliaen ca npenopbrll,ITerHn [IVE], c r apyru krrlrl4 no clIcreMI.I qaxaue.folsltolo pa:noo6pa:le Ha cucreMlt c IFIC] ce taxaae (queueing systems)a reJIeKoMyHHKauI{ure "noxpnaa" or rortMo (oJII'IqecrBo KHHrli ro npo6reua. K6M ToKy-uIo ut.ITupaHl4re aae, lre ao6asuNt[DAI]' [KLE] Ha K,leiiHpoK. [MI4P2] or ro-HoBrre [l KrlacrlKara UANI, tPITl, C HA 6.6. nOBEAEH14E C14CTEMl4TEt{AKAHE flptl pa3,lxqHxre [apaxapaxTpbr Ha 3aBllctlMocrflTe Ha Qur.6.2 e IIoKa3aH ga Melprl Ha KaqecrBoro ua o6c,ryxaaue or roJleMrHaraHa rpaQllKa, Maua6nre P (>0), t rr f no opAttHarara ca noa6paHn pa3nullHo,a no a6cqltcara e HaHeceH Ha rpaSrrTr 3a eaHH KaHaJI,3arlo-rolltMa yHI{BepcaJIHocr I(pIlB[Te. Kpualtre ca BT,pXy HtMa OfpaHllqeHI'Ie 3a Clyqat' KOfaTO lT,nxxfiaTa Ha OnaUKaTa'

1 (Drrr.6.2

A./n,Erl

Or $urypara ce npaBl, BaxeH [:so.q. B.bsexlauero Ha qaxaHerprl o6c,ryN_ ga BarferoyBenxqaBafi3rror3BaeMocrra xaualnre A"/n.ToBa BoaHao 4o6,raxaaaHe,ro "Ko.jrrHoro" Ha KpuBara.I{ Ma,'rKoro yBenr{rreHue rpaQrra (lperoBapBaua He) Moxe .qa,{oBe.qe npeMrHaBaHe ,,KorrHoro,' , apuarr""o ao 3aA aa ce BJtoll}t xavecreolo Ha o6c,tyxnate. Ka3aHororpx6aa 4a ce xMa rrpeaBlu H npli npoeKTripaHero, npu r.i eKcnJroa_ TauxrTa cHcTeMH qaKaHe. lta C

62

63

_ u TeneKoMvHxKaq[[ 6rKcl4paH[,Mo6unHx lP

fnaB37.g)llL!J{tt neneMeHTu KoMyraq[oHHaTa Ha TexHt4(a.,.

flTABACE4MA HAKOMyTAqI4oHHATA l4 ovHKql4t4 ETIEMEHTI4 HA nPuKoMvTAql'f, KAHA,ILI KA. TEXHI' TEXHOrloruRHA OvHKtll4l4 qEHTPAIATA 7.1.Porlf 14Bbnpocl,T 3a cBlp3BaHero Cxopo cnea, orrpl{BaHero na reneSoua Bb3Htl(Ba Bb3Moxnocrlrre cBhp3BaneHa oraerHnTe a6osargs anaparl'IB Mpexa' EaHa or "BceKn c Bce(H", KaKroroBa e noKa:aHona Qnr' 7'l JIecHoe 'qa ;;;;;6;;.

fpo"t pe qe cey6e.aur'r, roBaHee rparrnrlHo reHl're "" l1l-1-"11.:::1^":i.^"P11 nfi3[TeIHO C KBa,4paTaHaiV sa a6osanrrrer r.r [o-ToqHo e paBeH

,oI

N(N-1Y2. Ocsenrosa a6onarrprbea ga eC HCKAKbB

o.

(KoMyrarop) sa cBbp3Bane ocraHa:rurea6onarn.

Ap).ro peueHxe Ha 6lelra e nora:aIro aa t[ur' 7 cauo Tyx ca ueo6xoal'tuarrrHnll, Ho re rPr6na aa xoact scuqrlt a6oHarr't.MyTaTOpaT Ha BCeKI'I

Onr. ?.2. Bt:uoxna oprarlrl3auficra KoM]rrarltrra uexly 5 a6onarfll| TepMr|rana,cBr,p3aEu 5.lnsnl c I- adonareETepMnua,nl romyrarop ,(Clrcrelrara or Qr.rr.7.3 Beqe[3nor3Ba Hrt