knct takamatsu special lecture oct 2013_pdf

National University of Malaysia

1 Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013

Special Lecture

Geo-Environmental Issues in Malaysia

Geology Programme, School of Environment and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor.

Wan Zuhairi Wan Yaacob

特別講演



• Introduction to UKM

• Environmental Law and Regulations in Malaysia

• Geo-Environmental Issues :-- Illegal dumping of toxic waste

Hydrocarbons contaminated sites

Improper closure of Landfill

Abandoned Mining Land (Acid Mine Drainage)

• Conclusions

Content of Presentation:



1, Introduction to UKM



Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia)

• Established on May 18, 1970

• 2nd Oldest (UM 1949)

• 13 faculties, a Graduate School of Business (GSB-UKM), as well as 16 research institutes of excellence in education.

• One of the FIVE research universities of Malaysia in 2006 (USM, UM, UPM, UTM)

www.ukm.my


Schools Programs

School of environmental and Natural Resource Sciences

Biology, Geology, Marine Science, Environmental Science (P = 24; AP = 25; L = 39)

School of Biosciences and Biotechnology

Bioinformatics, Biochemistry , Plant Biotechnology, Biotechnology with Management , Genetics, Microbiology, Zoology (P = 8; AP=14; L = 11)

School of Applied Physics Physics, Material science and Nuclear Science (P = 11; AP = 11; L = 14)

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology

Chemistry, Chemical Technology, Oleo chemistry, Food science (P = 21; AP=14; L = 27)

School of Mathematical Sciences

Mathematics, statistics, Actuarial Science (P = 7; AP=8; L = 31)


Faculty of Science and Technology

(P = Professor; AP = Assoc. Professor; L = Lecturer)


Research Group

• Centre for Research and Instrumentation (CRIM)

• founded in January 1995

• Research in UKM is divided according to Niche areas.

• 8 Research niche areas

• Research Clusters

• Research Groups


Research @ UKM

Research Nic

Research Cluster


1. Challenges for Nation Building

2. Regional Sustainable Development

3. Renewable Energy

4. Health Technology and Medicine

5. Climate Change

6. Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials

7. Biodiversity for Biotechnology Development

8. Content-Based Informatics


Eight (8) Research niche areas at UKM



Niche 2. Regional Sustainable Development 6 clusters; 17 research groups



Niche 6. Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials 4 clusters; 44 research groups


• Two ways

– Research Grant (external research grant)

– UKM Consultation Management Centre


Consultation work



2, Environmental Law and Regulations in Malaysia



• Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127)

– Administered by the Department of Environment.

– Part IV : PROHIBITION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION

• Section 24 - Restrictions on pollution of the soil

• Section 25 - Restrictions on pollution of inland waters (inc. Groundwater)

• Set of Regulations and Orders

• 30 Regulations

• 22 Orders

Environmental Law in Malaysia

None directly related to SOIL & GROUNDWATER


• Soil remediation in Asia

– few countries where formal soil remediation laws were in place; such as Taiwan, Korea and Japan.


Soil and Groundwater Regulation



http://www.finev.co.jp/

Soil Remediation Regulations in Asia



Groundwater Remediation Regulations in Asia


Illegal Dumping of toxic waste

Hydrocarbons contaminated site


Abandoned Mining Land (Acid Mine Drainage)


3, Geo-Environmental issues: Contaminated Land



Illegal Dumping of toxic waste


• Illegal dumps associated with scheduled waste

– 2002 to 2006: 107 cases

– 60% in the state of Selangor (the most developed state in Malaysia)

– Worst case: Felda Bukit Gatom, Johor (2006)

Illegal Dumping in Malaysia

Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013 18


7th January 2006

Worst Case : 1000 villagers and 5 schools with 3000 pupils affected

2143 tons of toxic waste aluminum dross was disposed

Emitted ammonia vapor after contact with rain (water)


Illegal dumping of hazardous waste in Malaysia

“Illegal dumping of hazardous waste – that’s nothing new in Malaysia”


7000 tonnes of contaminated soil and water (groundwater) were sent for proper disposal at Bukit Nanas Waste Management Centre (~ 200 KM).

Cost for proper disposal = only RM1.7 Million

Cost for the disposal (after illegal dumping) = RM3.17 Million (time = ~3 weeks) – Paid by the Government (National Disaster Fund)


Illegal dumping of hazardous waste in Malaysia


• The site after the restoration




What comes after this incident


• The Malaysian Government has produced New Guidelines for Managing Contaminated sites :

Hazardous Substances Division (DOE)


Framework for Managing Contaminated Sites in Malaysia

New Guidelines


• The study was conducted to fulfill the requirement from DOE.

• Department of Environment has published new guidelines (June 2009).

– proper assessment and management of contaminated land in Malaysia.

24

Management of contaminated Land in Malaysia

Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013


SIRIM BHD:

1. Guidelines For Developing And Implementing Early Action For Site Remediation

2. Practice For Assessment Of Attaining Clean Up Level For Site Closure

Effort by other institution




Hydrocarbons Contaminated Sites



Hydrocarbons Contaminated Sites

Gong Badak, Terengganu (completed)

Inanam, Sabah Penampang sabah

Labuan, Sabah Lahad Datu, Sabah

Gong Badak, Terengganu Inanam, Sabah

Penampang, Sabah

Next sites


Site condition in Gong Badak, Terengganu

• Former electricity transformer • Use naphthalene oil as coolant • Five concrete rims – used to trap the

spent oil • Overflow – contaminate the ground

How far is the extent of this contaminant? Does it reach the groundwater? What is the RISK?



Environmental Site Assessment (Phase II)


Drilling (rotary method)

Sampling of surface soil

Sampling of groundwater

Sampling of surface water

Air sampling



Groundwater contamination

(Groundwater Modeling of Closed Landfill site in Taman

Beringin Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)



April 2007 A total of 261 landfills; 111 were closed. From 150 active landfills, 10 are sanitary (engineered)

MHLG – Ministry of Housing and Local Government

Landfill in Malaysia



• Groundwater Remediation Plan for National Landfill Restoration (NLR) Project in Malaysia

• National Landfill Restoration (NLR) Project for the safe closure and restoration works for sixteen (16) landfills in Malaysia.

• The ESA studies for all landfills were conducted and ESA Monitoring and Rehabilitation were also carried out

• Total cost is about RM294 million (RM18 M each)


Current status…



Example: improper closure of landfill

Taman Beringin Landfill in Kuala Lumpur



Remediation cost RM24 million ( ¥726,975,888.00 )

Closed = early 2005 (8 years ago)


Before restoration



After restoration




DBKL – remediation cost RM24 million ( ¥726,975,888.00 )

Before restoration After restoration



Environmental Problem

Impermeable wall

Impermeable wall

Installing impermeable wall (5m depth) along the river to prevent the underground leachate entering the river

Nanyang Pond

Is it effective ???


• Drilling boreholes ---- > Conceptual site model

• Computer Modeling work using Visual Modflow Pro


Site assessment

National University of Malaysia Original Plan: Construct cut-off wall along Sg. Jinjang

(Depth 5m, Length 300m)

A

B

The transport model of contaminants after 3650 days

The cross section along x-axis (marked as dashed yellow arrow in Figure 15) indicates the movement of contaminants underneath the wall constructed just 5 m depth.

A B



The contaminant transport models run at different time scales.

The construction of cut-off wall along the river will divert the flow towards Nanyang Pond.


Model 1: Construct cut-off wall along Sg. Jinjang (Depth 15m, Length 300m)

National University of Malaysia Model 2: Construct “L” shaped cut-off wall

(Depth 15m, Length 365m)

The contaminant transport model with the construction of L-shaped cut-off wall at different time scales.


Dam Effect

National University of Malaysia Model 3: Construct impermeable wall along Sg. Jinjang

and one pumping well

Pumping well

Pumping screen

Pumping Well (1000m3/day)


National University of Malaysia Model 4: Construct “L” shaped impermeable wall along

Sg. Jinjang and one pumping well in between the wall.

Model of L shaped cut-off wall with single pumping well in between the walls. The groundwater is channelled to flow through the pumping well.

Pumping well




Abandoned Mine Sites


Special Lecture at Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan:: October 7, 2013

pH = 2.79

pH = 4.75

pH = 2.38

45

Abandoned Mine Sites AMD - common problems in mining areas

pH = 3.28

Sg. Lembing

Bukit Ibam 1

Bukit Ibam 2

Bukit Botol, Chini

Padang Piol

pH = 7.85

Kg Awah Quarry

pH = 8.05


• Environmental Monitoring

• Remediation of AMD

Xeolite

activated carbon

bentonite

limestone

• Prediction of acid mine potential using acid-base calculating method


Research conducted in this topic at in UKM



Environmental Monitoring

pH = 2.79



Remediation of AMD


• Malaysia is now heading towards a better management of its environmental issues especially the contaminated lands.

• New Contaminated Land Management has become into play to promote effective management of contaminated land in Malaysia.


Conclusions



Thank you for your kind attention

More INFO : http://geo-environment.blogspot.com/

どうもありがとうございます

knct takamatsu special lecture oct 2013_pdf

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