knee joint skeleton muscle ligament. skeleton femur tibia fibula ( 未參與 knee joint) patella
TRANSCRIPT
Knee joint
• Skeleton
• Muscle
• ligament
skeleton
• Femur
• Tibia
• Fibula
( 未參與 knee joint)
• patella
femur
Tibia and Fibula
Patella
muscle
Posterior thigh muscle / hamstrings
1 Biceps fermoris
2 Semitendinosus
3 Semimembranosus
Biceps Fermoris
• Proximal attachment : long head:
ischial tuberosity Short head : linea aspera and lateral
supracondylar line of femur
• Distal attachment : lateral side of head of
fibula,tendon is spilt at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee
Biceps Fermoris • hamstrings 的外側
• 2-joint muscle
• main action :flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed ; extends thigh(e.g. when starting to walk)
Semitendinosus
• Proximal Attachment: ishchial tuberosity
• Distal Attachment: medial surface of superior part of tibia
Semimembranosus
• Proximal attachment: ishchial tuberosity
• Distal attachment: posteromedial aspect of the tibia
Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus
• 2-joint muscle
• Extend thigh
• Flex leg and rotate it medially when knee flexion
• When thigh and knee are flexed, these muscle can extend trunk
Gracilis
• Proximal attachment :
body and inferior ramus of pubis
• Distal attachment :
superior part of medial surface of tibia
Gracilis
• Medial thigh muscle
• 2-joint muscle
• Main action : adducts thigh ; flexes leg ;helps rotate it medially
Muscle of gluteal region
• Gluteus Maximus Muscle
• Tensor Fasciae Latae
• Iliotibial Tract
Iliotibial Tract
• upper end: the iliac crest lower end: the lateral condyle of tibia
• The tensor fasciae latae and superficial 3/4 of gluteus maximus insert into the iliotibial tract,which acts as a long aponeurosis of the muscles.
• Steadys the pelvis and assists in knee extension
Gluteus Maximus Muscle
• Proximal attachment : ilium posterior to posterior
gluteal line ; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx ; sacrotuberous ligament
• Distal attachment : superficial 3/4 of gluteus
maximus attaching to iliotibial tract ; deep distal 1/4 of gluteus maximus attaching to gluteal tuberosity of femur
Gluteus Maximus Muscle
• Main action :
extends thigh(especially from flexed position)and assists in its lateral rotation ; steadies thigh and assits in rising from sitting position
Tensor Fasciae Latae
• Proximal attachment :
anterior superior iliac spine ; anterior part of iliac crest
• Distal attachment :
iliotibial tract
Tensor Fasciae Latae
• 2-joint muscle
• Main action :
adduct and medially rotate thigh ; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite(unsupported)side during its swing phase
muscles of posterior compartment of the leg
• Popliteus • Gastronemius
Popliteus
• Proximal attachment :
lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
• Distal attachment :
posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
Popliteus
• Deep muscle of posterior compartment of the leg
• Main action :plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended ;raises heel during walking ; flexes leg at knee joint
Gastronemius
僅標出 proximal attachment • Proximal attachment : lateral head : lateral
aspect of lateral condyle of femur
Medial head : popliteal surface of femur,superior to medial condyle
• Distal attachment : posterior surface of
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Gastronemius
• Superficial muscle of posterior compartment of the leg
• 2-joint muscle
• Main action :
plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended ;raises heel during walking ; flexes leg at knee joint
Anterior compartment of thigh
Quadriceps femoris
由深到淺Vastus intermediusVastus lateralisVastus medialisRectus femoris
*intermedius 在最深層 , 此圖看不到
Quadriceps Femoris
• Vastus intermediusorigin: Upper two thirds of anterior femoral shaft
• Vastus lateralis and medialisorigin: Either side of linea aspera on the posterior femoral shaft
Quadriceps Femoris
• Rectus femorisorigin: Anterior inferior iliac spine(aiis)
• Insertion: Four converge into a single quadriceps tendon which inserts on and surrounds patella, then continues as the patellar ligament to inserts on the tibial tuberosity
Quadriceps Femoris
• Strongest muscle in the body
• Knee extension by all four act together
• Rectus femoris is 2-joint muscle→knee extensor and hip flexor
Ligaments of knee
Ligaments of knee
• Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)• Posterior cruciate ligament (PAL)• Medial collateral ligament (MCL)• Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Cruciate ligaments• Anterior cruciate ligam
entAnterior intercondylar of tibia → medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle
• Posterior cruciate ligamentposterior intercondylar of tibia → lateral surface of medial femoral condyle
Cruciate ligaments
• The cruciates bind the tibia and femur together, prevent excessive anteroposterior movement, and may contribute to the mechanical check necessary for medial rotation of the knee.
Medial collateral ligaments
• Also called tibial collateral ligament
• Medial epicondyle of femur →medial conyle of tibia
• Stabilize knee joint, prevent from opening on medial side
Lateral collateral ligament
• Also called fibular collateral ligament
• Lateral epiconyle of femur → head of fibula
• Stabilize knee joint, prevent from opening on lateral side
Transverse ligament of knee
• Intra-articular ligament
• A transverse band that passes between the lateral and medial menisci in the front part of the knee joint
• Tethers the anterior edges of the menisci to each other during knee movements
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
• Intra-articular ligament
• the medial condyle of the femur ←→ the posterior crus of the lateral meniscus.
Oblique popliteal ligament
• Extracapsular ligament• tendinous expansion of s
emimembranosus muscle• the medial condyle of the
tibia ←→
the lateral condyle of the femur.
• Reinforces the joint capsule posteriorly
Patellar ligament
• Extracapsular ligament
• A strong flattened fibrous band adjoining the margins of the patella to the tuberosity of the tibia
參考來源• http://www.ithaca.edu/faculty/lahr/LE2000/LE_hip.html#a• http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/glossary/hipbone.html• http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/tutorial/anatomy/kneet.html• http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/glossary/iliotibialtract.html• http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/glossary/popliteus.html• http://www.arthroscopy.com/sp05001.htm• http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/figs/l13/130207.htm• http://ronnie.cz/_img/Clanky/1449_7.jpg• http://ronnie.cz/_img/Clanky/1449_3.jpg• http://www.activebodychiro.com/injuries/cruciate_ligament_tear.htm• http://www.coachroblowe.com/injuries-lower-knee-acl-overview.htm• 老師的 ppt