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Edward Yang

Home News General Kokang of Shan State : A Timeline

Kokang of Shan State : A Timeline

Many readers have told SHAN they had never heard of Kokang until 1989, when the former ethnic

orces of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) mutinied and concluded ceasefire pacts with Rangoon.

e therefore hope this chronology will help shed some light on this truly fascinating people.

Geography

okang lies east of the Salween, between China in the north and east, Shan State proper in the west

nd Wa in the south. Wa and Kokang are divided by the Namting that flows east to west into the

alween.

Kokang is 2,200 sq.km. known for its tea plantations and opium

production. During the British days, it was said to produce 30% of

Shan States total output (Wa was 60% and Loimaw 10%).

17th century Kokang founded by the Yangclan loyal to the Ming

dynasty who fled to Yunnan. The capital was Ta Xuetang (Ta

Shwehtang).

19th century Became part ofBritish Hsenwi State in northern

Shan States

World War II (1939-45) Fights under Kuomintang forces against

Japanese occupiers of Burma.

1947 Secedes from Hsenwi, becomes the 34th principality ofederated Shan States.

949 Yang Zhensai (Edward Yang) becomes Saofa (One of his sisters is the colorful and manly Yang

nsiu aka Olive Yang).

959 Yang Zhensai joins other Saofas in relinquishing traditional power to the Shan State Government

962 Military coup by Gen Ne Win. Most fomer Saofas including Yang detained.

963 Jimmy Yang aka Yang Zhensheng aka Sao Ladd, Edwards brother forms Kokang Revolutionary

orce

964 KRF joins Shan State Army as its Fifth Brigade but later split into several factions.

1967 Peng Jiasheng, one of the Kokang commanders, invited to

China to form the Kokang Peoples Liberation Army (KPLA)

1968 Communist Party of Burma (CPB), backed by China, enters

Shan State. KPLA becomes part of CPB forces

1989 11 March: Peng mutinies, an act followed by Wa, Mongla

and Kachin forces. All conclude ceasefire agreement with Burmas

military government

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Olive Yang

Jimmy Yang

1992 Ousted by Yang Mouliang but returns to power two years

later

atest developments

pril All ceasefire groups told by Naypyitaw ceasefire era is over and they have to transform

hemselves to Border Guard Forces (BGF), nominally commanded by ethnic officers but run by the

urma Army officers

uly Peng expels 6 executive members including his deputy Bai Souqian and Liu Guoxi. They had

eportedly been angry with Peng for unfair distribution of power and were in favor of the BGF status.

hey defect to the Army

August Junta investigators arrive to look for drug refineries and an arms factory, after allegedly

eported by the 6 defectors of their existence. Peng stalls

August Burma Army arrives in force, Kokang army surrounds it. Intercession by China saves the

ay. Burma Army returns home without finding anything.

0 August Five pro-Peng officials invited to Lashio and detained. Two sent to Laogai to persuade

eng to attend meeting in Lashio. He declines to come.

1 August Peace and Democrat Front (PDF)

sues statement in support of Peng and urges

aypyitaw to resolve all differences and

isagreements peacefully.

2 August Police serves summons for Peng, his

rother Jiafu and his two sons (Daxun and Dali) to

ppear in court. Again he declines to.

4 August Police issues arrest for Peng and

hree others

5 August Burma Army comes in force and sets up a new provisional executive committee led by Bai

ouqian. Peng retreats to the border.

7 August Fighting, mainly in Laogai and Qingsuihe (Chin Shwe Haw) on the border with Wa.

8 August Peng issues statement exhorting his allies to rise and fight

9 August The bulk of Kokang force retreats into China and disarmed by PLA. The remainder

ontinues to fight

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