kompjuterski softver i simulacije u nastavi fizike
TRANSCRIPT
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Akreditovani seminar “Sa krova do Zvezda” 4 – 5 decembar 2015, PMF, Niš
Program stalnog stručnog usavršavanja ZUOV, kat. br. 590
www.svetnauke.org
Milan Milošević Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Niš
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Android aplikacije Google Sky Map
Night Sky Tools
Projekat DECO
(Distributed Cosmic-ray Observatory)
http://wipac.wisc.edu/deco
CRAYFIS
http://crayfis.io/
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Projekat DECO
• Snima fotografije 1-2 sekunde • Dovoljno sjajnih piksela –
kandidat • Nova analiza – proverava
događaj • Kosmičko zračenje – mioni
• Drugi događaji: elektroni,
gama zraci, alfa čestice
(radioaktivno zračenje
okoline) • Nekoliko događaja za 24h
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Projekat DECO - događaji
• Mion, kosmičko zračenje • Elektron (radioaktivno zračenje, direktno ili gama zračenje
koje je “pogodilo” elektron) • Elektron ili gama zračenje
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Projekat CLEA “Contemporary Laboratory Experiences in Astronomy” http://www3.gettysburg.edu/~marschal/clea/CLEAhome.html
Podrška:
NASA
Gettysburg college
Svaka vežba:
Program
Uputstvo za učenike
Tehničko uputstvo
Posle 22 godine nema novih verzija
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VIREO The Virtual Educational Observatory
Najnoviji program, objedinjuje mnogo prethodnih vežbi
simulira realno nebo
nekoliko miliona objekata
Vizuelni, radio i IC teleskop
Različita oprema (fotografija, fotometrija, spektrografija...)
Alati za analizu podataka
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Važne formule
365.25*
365.25
SP
S
P – siderički period S – sinodički period
( / )
360o
dani
stepen danu
Snagib
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Potrebne formule
5 5*log
5log
5
M m D
m MD
*
*
KK
K
HH
H
v c
v c
izmereno
izmereno
K K K
H H H
vH
D
*D
D R T TR
Starost svemira:
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Pulsari
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Radio teleskop
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Određivanje rastojanja “disperzija” – različita brzina radio talasa u zavisnosti
od sredine:
Međuzvezdani prostor nije vakuum, nekoliko atoma/elektrona u cm3
Niža frekvenca – sporiji talasi
Viša frekvenca – brži talasi
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“Obična” fizika Dva trkača
A: 5 km/h, B: 10 km/h
Rastojanje nije poznato, ali znamo da su krenuli istovremeno
,
1 1
A B
A B
B A
B A
B A
B A
L LT T
V V
L LT T
V V
T TL
V V
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Rastojanje pulsara Brzina talasa:
ne – gustina međuzvezdanog prostora, 0.03 el./cm3
Rastojanje:
2 2
4150 124.5e
f fv
n
2 1
2 2
2 1
1 1124.5
T TD
f f
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Teleskop
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Spektar
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Spektri zvezda 1870. godina, Joseph von Fraunhofer
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Kako nastaju?
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Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
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Zvezde Sirius
Ra. 06h 45m 08, Dec. −16° 42′ 58
Klasa: A1V; rastojanje: ~2.5pc; temp: ~10000K
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius
Betelgeuse Ra. 05h 55m 10, Dec. +07° 24′ 25
Klasa: M2I; rastojanje: ~200pc; temp: ~3400K;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betelgeuse
Algol
Ra. 03h 08m 10, Dec. +40° 57′ 20
Klasa: B8V, rastojanje: ~30pc, temp: ~9000K
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol
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Vinov zakon Classification Temperature Max Wavelength Color
O0 40,000 K 72.5 nm Blue
B0 20,000 K 145 nm Light Blue
A0 10,000 K 290 nm White
F0 7,500 K 387 nm Yellow-White
G0 5,500 K 527 nm Yellow
K0 4,000 K 725 nm Orange
M0 3,000 K 966 nm Red
Određivanje temerature zvezde
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log
5log
5
10 D
m MD
D
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log
5log
5
10 D
m MD
D