Korea and the World (3)Introduction to UN

2010. 9. 14.김 병 구

bkkim9@konyang.ac.kr

This Week in Brief

• 한 . 러 정상회담 ( 푸 /메 /이 , 9.9-10)–동시베리아 자원개발 ( 가스 , 석유 ) 참여

• 日 방위백서 , “ 竹島는 일본 땅” 지속–인접국간 영토 분쟁 사례

• 東海 (East Sea) 표기 분쟁• 미 인터넷 Social Network Service 순위– 1. Facebook, 2. Google (YouTube, G-mail)– 3. Yahooo

04/20/23 2

Why UN was created?

• The First World War (1914 - 1918)– End of Hapsburg, Ottoman, Romanov empires– Bolshevik Revolution, birth of communism– League of Nations, Geneva – Reasons for failure

• The Second World War (1939 - 1945)– The war to end all wars– UN created (1946): The Allied Forces under US lead– 192 Member States– Permanent seat in Security Council with veto power

• P5: US, USSR, UK, FRA, CPR

UN Missions

• Regional disputes– Peace Keeping Force dispatch– Korean War (1950-1953): the first UN PKF

• Economic developments– Support Least Developed Country, poverty– Millennium Development Goals– World Bank, IMF long term financing

• International regulations, standards– Global issues: aerospace, maritime, nuclear,

health– Safety/operations/quality standards

UN Organizations

• UN headquarters– New York, Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi

• Reporting to UNSG– GA, SC, ECOSOG, Int’l Justice, etc.

• Special organizations– WHO, IAEA, UNESCO, IMF, etc.

• Statute, Member States• UNSC Board Members (15)– Election of SG, highest decision body– P5 + rotating 10 MS

UN Secretaries-General

• 1946-52 Trigve Lie NOR• 1953-61 Dag Hammarskjold SWE• 1961-71 U Thant BUR• 1972-81 Kurt Waldheim AUS• 1982-91 Javier Perez PER• 1992-96 Boutros Boutros-Ghali EGY• 1997-06 Kofi Annan GHA• 2007- Ban Ki-moon ROK

Dag Hammarskjold

UN Secretaries-General

• Dag Hammarskjold under Soviet pressure (1960)

• Ban Ki-moon at Chile earthquake (2010)

UN Budget & Finances

• Base rate– Proportional to GDP

US 25%, JPN 19%, GER 11%,…ROK 2.1%– Adjusted every 3 years

• Regular budget– Staff salary, overhead, baseload missions– Discretion of the Secretariat

• Extra-budgetary contribution– Donor specifies missions, recipient

• Voluntary contribution

UN Reform Proposals

• Simplified organizations– Needs to meet the changing demands

• Delivering-as-One– Integrated UN offices in the region

• Pilot country demonstration projects– Asia: BGL, LA: URG, AF: TAN, EU: ALB

• Reforming the Security Council– Expanding permanent P5– JPN, GER, BRA, INA

• Functional categories– P1 - P5 : professional, > BS/BA degrees– GS1 - GS6 : admin supports– Temporary : Intern, JPO

• Official languages(6)– English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic– Formal meetings/publications : all 6 lang. simul.

Trans.– Working level meetings, reports : English only

• Qualifications– Language + professional knowledge + experience– Global open mind : curiosity, positive thinking,

fairness• Korean staffs in UN

UN Staffs

Global Mind C.P.F.

• Curiosity– Diverse culture, history, customs–Multiple languages (English +)

• Positive thinking– Ask ‘why not?’

• Fairness– Trans-national, racial, religions– Common interest over personal bias

Globalization and Global Mind

• Importance of communication– Conversations, listening, confidence

building– Speaking, reading, writing

• Global mind at KYU– Global Communication Center (E, C, J)– Essential to international

competitiveness–My level of global mind ???

Homework

• What are the recent examples of international territorial disputes?

• What are the root causes and remedies?